151
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Hähnlein JS, Nadafi R, de Jong TA, Semmelink JF, Remmerswaal EBM, Safy M, van Lienden KP, Maas M, Gerlag DM, Tak PP, Mebius RE, Wähämaa H, Catrina AI, G. M. van Baarsen L. Human Lymph Node Stromal Cells Have the Machinery to Regulate Peripheral Tolerance during Health and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165713. [PMID: 32784936 PMCID: PMC7460812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the cause for loss of tolerance and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) production remains unidentified. Mouse studies showed that lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) maintain peripheral tolerance through presentation of peripheral tissue antigens (PTAs). We hypothesize that dysregulation of peripheral tolerance mechanisms in human LNSCs might underlie pathogenesis of RA. METHOD Lymph node (LN) needle biopsies were obtained from 24 RA patients, 23 individuals positive for RA-associated autoantibodies but without clinical disease (RA-risk individuals), and 14 seronegative healthy individuals. Ex vivo human LNs from non-RA individuals were used to directly analyze stromal cells. Molecules involved in antigen presentation and immune modulation were measured in LNSCs upon interferon γ (IFNγ) stimulation (n = 15). RESULTS Citrullinated targets of ACPAs were detected in human LN tissue and in cultured LNSCs. Human LNSCs express several PTAs, transcription factors autoimmune regulator (AIRE) and deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor 1 (DEAF1), and molecules involved in citrullination, antigen presentation, and immunomodulation. Overall, no clear differences between donor groups were observed with exception of a slightly lower induction of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) molecules in LNSCs from RA patients. CONCLUSION Human LNSCs have the machinery to regulate peripheral tolerance making them an attractive target to exploit in tolerance induction and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine S. Hähnlein
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.S.H.); (T.A.d.J.); (J.F.S.); (M.S.); (D.M.G.); (P.P.T.)
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Nadafi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (R.E.M.)
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke A. de Jong
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.S.H.); (T.A.d.J.); (J.F.S.); (M.S.); (D.M.G.); (P.P.T.)
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna F. Semmelink
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.S.H.); (T.A.d.J.); (J.F.S.); (M.S.); (D.M.G.); (P.P.T.)
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester B. M. Remmerswaal
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mary Safy
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.S.H.); (T.A.d.J.); (J.F.S.); (M.S.); (D.M.G.); (P.P.T.)
| | - Krijn P. van Lienden
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.v.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.v.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Danielle M. Gerlag
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.S.H.); (T.A.d.J.); (J.F.S.); (M.S.); (D.M.G.); (P.P.T.)
| | - Paul P. Tak
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.S.H.); (T.A.d.J.); (J.F.S.); (M.S.); (D.M.G.); (P.P.T.)
- Kintai Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
- Internal Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
- Rheumatology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reina E. Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Heidi Wähämaa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.W.); (A.I.C.)
| | - Anca I. Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.W.); (A.I.C.)
| | - Lisa G. M. van Baarsen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.S.H.); (T.A.d.J.); (J.F.S.); (M.S.); (D.M.G.); (P.P.T.)
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205668043
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152
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Huang X, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang X, Zhang G, Tang T, Shen X, Liang T, Bai X. Deubiquitinating Enzyme: A Potential Secondary Checkpoint of Cancer Immunity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1289. [PMID: 32850399 PMCID: PMC7426525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy depends on the fine interplay between tumoral immune checkpoints and host immune system. However, the up-to-date clinical performance of checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy revealed that higher-level regulation should be further investigated for better therapeutic outcomes. It is becoming increasingly evident that the expression of immune checkpoints is largely associated to the immunotherapeutic response and consequent prognosis. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with their role of cleaving ubiquitin from proteins and other molecules, thus reversing ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation, modulate multiple cellular processes, including, but not limited to, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, tissue development, and antiviral response. Accumulating evidence indicates that DUBs also have the critical influence on anticancer immunity, simply by stabilizing pivotal checkpoints or key regulators of T-cell functions. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge about DUBs, highlights the secondary checkpoint-like role of DUBs in cancer immunity, in particular their direct effects on the stability control of pivotal checkpoints and key regulators of T-cell functions, and suggests the therapeutic potential of DUBs-based strategy in targeted immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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153
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Nakahama T, Kawahara Y. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in the immune system: friend or foe? Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2931-2948. [PMID: 31996954 PMCID: PMC11104962 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our body expresses sensors to detect pathogens through the recognition of expressed molecules, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, while immune tolerance prevents an overreaction with self and the development of autoimmune disease. Adenosine (A)-to-inosine (I) RNA editing, catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), is a post-transcriptional modification that can potentially occur at over 100 million sites in the human genome, mainly in Alu repetitive elements that preferentially form a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) structure. A-to-I conversion within dsRNA, which may induce a structural change, is required to escape from the host immune system, given that endogenous dsRNAs transcribed from Alu repetitive elements are potentially recognized by melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) as non-self. Of note, loss-of-function mutations in the ADAR1 gene cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, a congenital autoimmune disease characterized by encephalopathy and a type I interferon (IFN) signature. However, the loss of ADAR1 in cancer cells with an IFN signature induces lethality via the activation of protein kinase R in addition to MDA5. This makes cells more sensitive to immunotherapy, highlighting the opposing immune status of autoimmune diseases (overreaction) and cancer (tolerance). In this review, we provide an overview of insights into two opposing aspects of RNA editing that functions as a modulator of the immune system in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Nakahama
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawahara
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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154
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Lebel MÈ, Coutelier M, Galipeau M, Kleinman CL, Moon JJ, Melichar HJ. Differential expression of tissue-restricted antigens among mTEC is associated with distinct autoreactive T cell fates. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3734. [PMID: 32709894 PMCID: PMC7381629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) contribute to the development of T cell tolerance by expressing and presenting tissue-restricted antigens (TRA), so that developing T cells can assess the self-reactivity of their antigen receptors prior to leaving the thymus. mTEC are a heterogeneous population of cells that differentially express TRA. Whether mTEC subsets induce distinct autoreactive T cell fates remains unclear. Here, we establish bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-transgenic mouse lines with biased mTEClo or mTEChi expression of model antigens. The transgenic lines support negative selection of antigen-specific thymocytes depending on antigen dose. However, model antigen expression predominantly by mTEClo supports TCRαβ+ CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocyte development; meanwhile, mTEChi-restricted expression preferentially induces Treg differentiation of antigen-specific cells in these models to impact control of infectious agents and tumor growth. In summary, our data suggest that mTEC subsets may have a function in directing distinct mechanisms of T cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Lebel
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 Boulevard de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie Coutelier
- The Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3999 Côte Ste-Catherine Road Room E-542, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Rm W-315, Strathcona Anatomy & Dentistry Building 3640 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Maria Galipeau
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 Boulevard de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- The Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3999 Côte Ste-Catherine Road Room E-542, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Rm W-315, Strathcona Anatomy & Dentistry Building 3640 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 Boulevard de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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155
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Guha I, Bhuniya A, Nandi P, Dasgupta S, Sarkar A, Saha A, Das J, Ganguly N, Ghosh S, Ghosh T, Sarkar M, Ghosh S, Majumdar S, Baral R, Bose A. Neem leaf glycoprotein reverses tumor-induced and age-associated thymic involution to maintain peripheral CD8 + T cell pool. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:799-818. [PMID: 32698648 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: As tumor causes atrophy in the thymus to target effector-T cells, this study is aimed to decipher the efficacy of neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP) in tumor- and age-associated thymic atrophy. Materials & methods: Different thymus parameters were studied using flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase PCR and immunocyto-/histochemistry in murine melanoma and sarcoma models. Results: Longitudinal NLGP therapy in tumor hosts show tumor-reduction along with significant normalization of thymic alterations. NLGP downregulates intrathymic IL-10, which eventually promotes Notch1 to rescue blockade in CD25+CD44+c-Kit+DN2 to CD25+CD44-c-Kit-DN3 transition in T cell maturation and suppress Ikaros/IRF8/Pu.1 to prevent DN2-T to DC differentiation in tumor hosts. The CD5intTCRαβhigh DP3 population was also increased to endorse CD8+ T cell generation. Conclusion: NLGP rescues tumor-induced altered thymic events to generate more effector T cells to restrain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Guha
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Avishek Bhuniya
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Partha Nandi
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Shayani Dasgupta
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Anirban Sarkar
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Akata Saha
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Juhina Das
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Nilanjan Ganguly
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Tithi Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Madhurima Sarkar
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Sweta Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
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156
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CD38: T Cell Immuno-Metabolic Modulator. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071716. [PMID: 32709019 PMCID: PMC7408359 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation and subsequent differentiation of T cells following antigenic stimulation are triggered by highly coordinated signaling events that lead to instilling cells with a discrete metabolic and transcriptional feature. Compelling studies indicate that intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels have profound influence on diverse signaling and metabolic pathways of T cells, and hence dictate their functional fate. CD38, a major mammalian NAD+ glycohydrolase (NADase), expresses on T cells following activation and appears to be an essential modulator of intracellular NAD+ levels. The enzymatic activity of CD38 in the process of generating the second messenger cADPR utilizes intracellular NAD+, and thus limits its availability to different NAD+ consuming enzymes (PARP, ART, and sirtuins) inside the cells. The present review discusses how the CD38-NAD+ axis affects T cell activation and differentiation through interfering with their signaling and metabolic processes. We also describe the pivotal role of the CD38-NAD+ axis in influencing the chromatin remodeling and rewiring T cell response. Overall, this review emphasizes the crucial contribution of the CD38-NAD+ axis in altering T cell response in various pathophysiological conditions.
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157
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Kula A, Dawidowicz M, Kiczmer P, Prawdzic Seńkowska A, Świętochowska E. The role of genetic polymorphism within PD-L1 gene in cancer. Review. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 116:104494. [PMID: 32679050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of homeostasis of the immune system depends on the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. Programmed death ligand (PD-L1) is a molecule which downregulates the immune system targeting the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1). Under physiological conditions, the receptor is constitutively expressed in lymphocytes. The PD-L1 / PD-1 pathway plays a key role in completing the immune response in the right way, preventing excessive stimulation of the cells of the immune system, protecting the organism against autoimmunity. Under pathological conditions PD-L1 expression may take place in tumor cells. Binding of PD-1 to its ligand on tumor cells suppresses T lymphocytes through a negative feedback. This mechanism allows abnormal cells to avoid destruction by the host immune system. The expression of PD-L1 in tumors has been described in many histological types of cancer: melanoma, lung cancer, breast and ovarian, pancreatic and esophagus adenocarcinoma, kidney tumors and bladder cancers as well as in hematopoietic malignancies. Many studies report a significant effect of PD-L1 polymorphisms on clinical parameters of patients. Studies of PD-L1 polymorphisms showed their influence on the stage of cancer, effectiveness of chemotherapy and prognosis after tumor resection. Further analysis of the polymorphisms may result in development of effective therapies that restore anti-tumor immunity. Inhibition of PD-L1 / PD-1 is one of the most promising immunotherapies for various types of cancer. This work was intended to present information about the impact of PD-L1 gene expression and polymorphisms on the clinical parameters of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kula
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Miriam Dawidowicz
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Paweł Kiczmer
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Alicja Prawdzic Seńkowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Poland
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158
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Mohammadzadeh A. Co-inhibitory receptors, transcription factors and tolerance. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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159
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Zhang X, Kang Y, Wang J, Yan J, Chen Q, Cheng H, Huang P, Gu Z. Engineered PD-L1-Expressing Platelets Reverse New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907692. [PMID: 32449212 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) arises from the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells by islet-specific autoreactive T cells. Inhibition of islet-specific autoreactive T cells to rescue β-cells is a promising approach to treat new-onset T1D. The immune checkpoint signal axis programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) can effectively regulate the activity of T cells and prevent autoimmune attack. Here, megakaryocyte progenitor cells are genetically engineered to overexpress PD-L1 to produce immunosuppressive platelets. The PD-L1-overexpressing platelets (designated PD-L1 platelets) accumulate in the inflamed pancreas and may suppress the activity of pancreas autoreactive T cells in newly hyperglycemic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, protecting the insulin-producing β-cells from destruction. Moreover, PD-L1 platelet treatment also increases the percentage of the regulatory T cells (Tregs) and maintains immune tolerance in the pancreas. It is demonstrated that the rescue of β-cells by PD-L1 platelets can effectively maintain normoglycemia and reverse diabetes in newly hyperglycemic NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yang Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Junjie Yan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Du X, Chang S, Guo W, Zhang S, Chen ZK. Progress in Liver Transplant Tolerance and Tolerance-Inducing Cellular Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1326. [PMID: 32670292 PMCID: PMC7326808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is currently the most effective method for treating end-stage liver disease. However, recipients still need long-term immunosuppressive drug treatment to control allogeneic immune rejection, which may cause various complications and affect the long-term survival of the recipient. Many liver transplant researchers constantly pursue the induction of immune tolerance in liver transplant recipients, immunosuppression withdrawal, and the maintenance of good and stable graft function. Although allogeneic liver transplantation is more tolerated than transplantation of other solid organs, and it shows a certain incidence of spontaneous tolerance, there is still great risk for general recipients. With the gradual progress in our understanding of immune regulatory mechanisms, a variety of immune regulatory cells have been discovered, and good results have been obtained in rodent and non-human primate transplant models. As immune cell therapies can induce long-term stable tolerance, they provide a good prospect for the induction of tolerance in clinical liver transplantation. At present, many transplant centers have carried out tolerance-inducing clinical trials in liver transplant recipients, and some have achieved gratifying results. This article will review the current status of liver transplant tolerance and the research progress of different cellular immunotherapies to induce this tolerance, which can provide more support for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, ZhengZhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, ZhengZhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, ZhengZhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Klaus Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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161
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Rojas C, Campos-Mora M, Cárcamo I, Villalón N, Elhusseiny A, Contreras-Kallens P, Refisch A, Gálvez-Jirón F, Emparán I, Montoya-Riveros A, Vernal R, Pino-Lagos K. T regulatory cells-derived extracellular vesicles and their contribution to the generation of immune tolerance. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:813-824. [PMID: 32531824 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0420-533rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T regulatory (Treg) cells have a major role in the maintenance of immune tolerance against self and foreign antigens through the control of harmful inflammation. Treg cells exert immunosuppressive function by several mechanisms, which can be distinguished as contact dependent or independent. Recently, the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by Treg cells has been reported as a novel suppressive mechanism capable of modulating immunity in a cell-contact independent and targeted manner, which has been identified in different pathologic scenarios. EVs are cell-derived membranous structures involved in physiologic and pathologic processes through protein, lipid, and genetic material exchange, which allow intercellular communication. In this review, we revise and discuss current knowledge on Treg cells-mediated immune tolerance giving special attention to the production and release of EVs. Multiple studies support that Treg cells-derived EVs represent a refined intercellular exchange device with the capacity of modulating immune responses, thus creating a tolerogenic microenvironment in a cell-free manner. The mechanisms proposed encompass miRNAs-induced gene silencing, the action of surface proteins and the transmission of enzymes. These observations gain relevance by the fact that Treg cells are susceptible to converting into effector T cells after exposition to inflammatory environments. Yet, in contrast to their cells of origin, EVs are unlikely to be modified under inflammatory conditions, highlighting the advantage of their use. Moreover, we speculate in the possibility that Treg cells may contribute to infectious tolerance via vesicle secretion, intervening with CD4+ T cells differentiation and/or stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rojas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Campos-Mora
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Cárcamo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Villalón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ahmed Elhusseiny
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamina Contreras-Kallens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aarón Refisch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Gálvez-Jirón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivana Emparán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andro Montoya-Riveros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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162
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Abstract
The present review discusses current developments in tolerance induction for solid organ transplantation with a particular emphasis on chimerism-based approaches. It explains the basic mechanisms of chimerism-based tolerance and provides an update on ongoing clinical tolerance trials. The concept of "delayed tolerance" is presented, and ongoing preclinical studies in the nonhuman primate setting-including current limitations and hurdles regarding this approach-are illustrated. In addition, a brief overview and update on cell-based tolerogenic clinical trials is provided. In a critical approach, advantages, limitations, and potential implications for the future of these different regimens are discussed.
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163
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A mouse model that is immunologically tolerant to reporter and modifier proteins. Commun Biol 2020; 3:273. [PMID: 32472011 PMCID: PMC7260180 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reporter proteins have become an indispensable tool in biomedical research. However, exogenous introduction of these reporters into mice poses a risk of rejection by the immune system. Here, we describe the generation, validation and application of a multiple reporter protein tolerant ‘Tol' mouse model that constitutively expresses an assembly of shuffled reporter proteins from a single open reading frame. We demonstrate that expression of the Tol transgene results in the deletion of CD8+ T cells specific for a model epitope, and substantially improves engraftment of reporter-gene transduced T cells. The Tol strain provides a valuable mouse model for cell transfer and viral-mediated gene transfer studies, and serves as a methodological example for the generation of poly-tolerant mouse strains. Bresser and Dijkgraaf et al. develop the ‘Tol’ strain, a genetically modified mouse model that expresses a range of shuffled reporter and modifier proteins from a single open reading frame. This strain is immunologically tolerant to these reporter and modifier proteins, providing a valuable model system for cell transfer studies and virus-mediated gene transfer studies.
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164
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Nyambuya TM, Dludla PV, Mxinwa V, Mokgalaboni K, Ngcobo SR, Tiano L, Nkambule BB. The impact of metformin and aspirin on T-cell mediated inflammation: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo findings. Life Sci 2020; 255:117854. [PMID: 32470453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and hyperglycaemia are well-established aspects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), including the progression of its associated complications such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In fact, emerging evidence shows that dysfunctional immune responses due to dysregulated T-cell function aggravates CVD-related complications in T2D. However, there is a lack of specific therapeutic interventions that protect patients with diabetes who are at risk of heart failure. Metformin and aspirin are among the leading therapies being used to protect or at the very least slow the progression of CVD-related complications. The current review made use of major electronic databases to identify and systematically synthesise emerging experimental data on the impact of these pharmacological drugs on T-cell responses. The quality and risk of bias of include evidence were independently assessed by two reviewers. Overwhelming evidence showed that both metformin and aspirin can ameliorate T-cell mediated inflammation by inducing regulatory T-cells (Tregs) polarisation, inhibiting T-cell trafficking and activation as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signalling. As a plausible mechanism to mediate T-cell function, metformin showed enhanced potential to regulate mechanistic targets of rapamycin (mTOR), STAT5 and adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathways. Whilst aspirin modulated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kB) and co-stimulatory signalling pathways and induced T-cell anergy. Overall, synthesised data prompt further investigation into the combinational effect of metformin and aspirin for the management of T2D-related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Siphamandla Raphael Ngcobo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Bongani Brian Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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165
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Korem Kohanim Y, Tendler A, Mayo A, Friedman N, Alon U. Endocrine Autoimmune Disease as a Fragility of Immune Surveillance against Hypersecreting Mutants. Immunity 2020; 52:872-884.e5. [PMID: 32433950 PMCID: PMC7237888 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Some endocrine organs are frequent targets of autoimmune attack. Here, we addressed the origin of autoimmune disease from the viewpoint of feedback control. Endocrine tissues maintain mass through feedback loops that balance cell proliferation and removal according to hormone-driven regulatory signals. We hypothesized the existence of a dedicated mechanism that detects and removes mutant cells that missense the signal and therefore hyperproliferate and hypersecrete with potential to disrupt organismal homeostasis. In this mechanism, hypersecreting cells are preferentially eliminated by autoreactive T cells at the cost of a fragility to autoimmune disease. The "autoimmune surveillance of hypersecreting mutants" (ASHM) hypothesis predicts the presence of autoreactive T cells in healthy individuals and the nature of self-antigens as peptides from hormone secretion pathway. It explains why some tissues get prevalent autoimmune disease, whereas others do not and instead show prevalent mutant-expansion disease (e.g., hyperparathyroidism). The ASHM hypothesis is testable, and we discuss experimental follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Korem Kohanim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avichai Tendler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avi Mayo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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166
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Mendoza-Reinoso V, McCauley LK, Fournier PG. Contribution of Macrophages and T Cells in Skeletal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1014. [PMID: 32326073 PMCID: PMC7226332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site for metastases with a local microenvironment that is highly conducive for tumor establishment and growth. The bone marrow is replete with myeloid and lymphoid linage cells that provide a fertile niche for metastatic cancer cells promoting their survival and growth. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages and T cells in pro- and anti-tumoral mechanisms, their interaction to support cancer cell growth, and their contribution to the development of skeletal metastases. Importantly, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting macrophages and T cells in cancer are also discussed in this review as they represent a great promise for patients suffering from incurable bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mendoza-Reinoso
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierrick G.J. Fournier
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, BC 22860, Mexico
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167
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Matino D, Afraz S, Zhao G, Tieu P, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Iorio A. Tolerance to FVIII: Role of the Immune Metabolic Enzymes Indoleamine 2,3 Dyoxigenase-1 and Heme Oxygenase-1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:620. [PMID: 32351505 PMCID: PMC7174632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies is a major complication in the treatment of patients affected by hemophilia A. The immune response to FVIII is a complex, multi-factorial process that has been extensively studied for the past two decades. The reasons why only a proportion of hemophilic patients treated with FVIII concentrates develop a clinically significant immune response is incompletely understood. The "danger theory" has been proposed as a possible explanation to interpret the findings of some observational clinical studies highlighting the possible detrimental impact of inflammatory stimuli at the time of replacement therapy on inhibitor development. The host immune system is often challenged to react to FVIII under steady state or inflammatory conditions (e.g., bleeding, infections) although fine tuning of mechanisms of immune tolerance can control this reactivity and promote long-term unresponsiveness to the therapeutically administered factor. Recent studies have provided evidence that multiple interactions involving central and peripheral mechanisms of tolerance are integrated by the host immune system with the environmental conditions at the time of FVIII exposure and influence the balance between immunity and tolerance to FVIII. Here we review evidences showing the involvement of two key immunoregulatory oxygenase enzymes (IDO1, HO-1) that have been studied in hemophilia patients and pre-clinical models, showing that the ability of the host immune system to induce such regulatory proteins under inflammatory conditions can play important roles in the balance between immunity and tolerance to exogenous FVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Matino
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sajjad Afraz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - George Zhao
- McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Tieu
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Iorio
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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168
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Belizário J, Destro Rodrigues MF. Checkpoint inhibitor blockade and epigenetic reprogrammability in CD8 + T-cell activation and exhaustion. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2020; 8:2515135520904238. [PMID: 32206744 PMCID: PMC7074507 DOI: 10.1177/2515135520904238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T-cell exhaustion is a dysfunctional state that is regulated through the expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptor genes including the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4, programmed death 1, and DNA methylation of effector genes interferon-γ, perforin, and granzyme B. Different strategies have been used to reverse T-cell exhaustion, which is an adverse event of checkpoint inhibitor blockade. Here, we present the mechanisms by which DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and Simian virus 40 large T antigen through viral mimicry can promote the reversion of exhausted CD8+ T cells. We examine how these pharmacological strategies can work together to improve the clinical efficacy of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Belizário
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute Biomedical Sciences of the University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
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169
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Deng Z, Law CS, Ho FO, Wang KM, Jones KD, Shin JS, Shum AK. A Defect in Thymic Tolerance Causes T Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity in a Murine Model of COPA Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2360-2373. [PMID: 32198142 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COPA syndrome is a recently described Mendelian autoimmune disorder caused by missense mutations in the coatomer protein complex subunit α (COPA) gene. Patients with COPA syndrome develop arthritis and lung disease that presents as pulmonary hemorrhage or interstitial lung disease (ILD). Immunosuppressive medications can stabilize the disease, but many patients develop progressive pulmonary fibrosis, which requires life-saving measures, such as lung transplantation. Because very little is understood about the pathogenesis of COPA syndrome, it has been difficult to devise effective treatments for patients. To date, it remains unknown which cell types are critical for mediating the disease as well as the mechanisms that lead to autoimmunity. To explore these issues, we generated a CopaE241K/+ germline knock-in mouse bearing one of the same Copa missense mutations in patients. Mutant mice spontaneously developed ILD that mirrors lung pathology in patients, as well as elevations of activated cytokine-secreting T cells. In this study, we show that mutant Copa in epithelial cells of the thymus impairs the thymic selection of T cells and results in both an increase in autoreactive T cells and decrease in regulatory T cells in peripheral tissues. We demonstrate that T cells from CopaE241K/+ mice are pathogenic and cause ILD through adoptive transfer experiments. In conclusion, to our knowledge, we establish a new mouse model of COPA syndrome to identify a previously unknown function for Copa in thymocyte selection and demonstrate that a defect in central tolerance is a putative mechanism by which COPA mutations lead to autoimmunity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christopher S Law
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Frances O Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kristin M Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kirk D Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jeoung-Sook Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Anthony K Shum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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170
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Cohen MA, Zhang S, Sengupta S, Ma H, Bell GW, Horton B, Sharma B, George RE, Spranger S, Jaenisch R. Formation of Human Neuroblastoma in Mouse-Human Neural Crest Chimeras. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:579-592.e6. [PMID: 32142683 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), derived from the neural crest (NC), is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor. Here, we establish a platform that allows the study of human NBs in mouse-human NC chimeras. Chimeric mice were produced by injecting human NC cells carrying NB relevant oncogenes in utero into gastrulating mouse embryos. The mice developed tumors composed of a heterogenous cell population that resembled that seen in primary NBs of patients but were significantly different from homogeneous tumors formed in xenotransplantation models. The human tumors emerged in immunocompetent hosts and were extensively infiltrated by mouse cytotoxic T cells, reflecting a vigorous host anti-tumor immune response. However, the tumors blunted the immune response by inducing infiltration of regulatory T cells and expression of immune-suppressive molecules similar to escape mechanisms seen in human cancer patients. Thus, this experimental platform allows the study of human tumor initiation, progression, manifestation, and tumor-immune-system interactions in an animal model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkiel A Cohen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shupei Zhang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Satyaki Sengupta
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haiting Ma
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George W Bell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brendan Horton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bandana Sharma
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rani E George
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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171
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Le Bagge S, Fotheringham AK, Leung SS, Forbes JM. Targeting the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in type 1 diabetes. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1200-1219. [PMID: 32112452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases manifesting in early life, with the prevalence increasing worldwide at a rate of approximately 3% per annum. The prolonged hyperglycaemia characteristic of T1D upregulates the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and accelerates the formation of RAGE ligands, including advanced glycation end products, high-mobility group protein B1, S100 calcium-binding proteins, and amyloid-beta. Interestingly, changes in the expression of RAGE and these ligands are evident in patients before the onset of T1D. RAGE signals via various proinflammatory cascades, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species and cytokines. A large number of proinflammatory ligands that can signal via RAGE have been implicated in several chronic diseases, including T1D. Therefore, it is unsurprising that RAGE has become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of disease. In this review, we will explore how RAGE might be targeted to prevent the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Le Bagge
- Glycation and Diabetes, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia K Fotheringham
- Glycation and Diabetes, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sherman S Leung
- Glycation and Diabetes, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mater Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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172
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Abstract
Clinical success attained in patients with cancer treated with checkpoint inhibitors has renewed the interest in the immune system and in particular in T cells as a therapeutic tool to eliminate tumors. Here, we discuss recent studies that evaluate the anti-tumor role of CD8 T cells and the mechanisms that interfere with this function. In particular, we review recent literature that has reported on the phenotype and transcriptome of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells and deciphered the mechanisms associated with failed tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Crispin
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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173
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Christophersen A. Peptide-MHC class I and class II tetramers: From flow to mass cytometry. HLA 2020; 95:169-178. [PMID: 31891448 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To develop better vaccines and more targeted treatments for cancer and autoimmune disorders, the disease-specific T cells and their cognate antigens need to be better characterized. For more than two decades, peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) tetramers and flow cytometry have been the gold standard for detection of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells specific to antigens in the context of MHC class I and class II, respectively. Nonetheless, more recent studies combining such reagents with mass cytometry, that is, cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF), have offered far more comprehensive profiling of antigen-specific T-cell responses. In addition, mass cytometry has enabled ex vivo screening of CD8+ T-cell reactivities against hundreds of MHC class I restricted candidate epitopes. MHC class II molecules, on the other hand, have been challenging to combine with mass cytometry as they are more complex and bind with lower affinities to cognate T-cell receptors than MHC class I molecules. In this review, I discuss how techniques originally developed to improve the staining capacity of pMHC tetramers in flow cytometry led to the successful combination of such reagents with mass cytometry. Especially, I will highlight very recent advances facilitating the combination with pMHC class II tetramers. Together, these mass cytometry-based studies can help develop more targeted treatments for cancer and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Christophersen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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174
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Brennick CA, George MM, Srivastava PK, Karandikar SH. Prediction of cancer neoepitopes needs new rules. Semin Immunol 2020; 47:101387. [PMID: 31952902 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are immunogenic and the non-synonymous point mutations harbored by tumors are a source of their immunogenicity. Immunologists have long been enamored by the idea of synthetic peptides corresponding to mutated epitopes (neoepitopes) as specific "vaccines" against tumors presenting those neoepitopes in context of MHC I. Tumors may harbor hundreds of point mutations and it would require effective prediction algorithms to identify candidate neoepitopes capable of eliciting potent tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Our current understanding of MHC I-restricted epitopes come from the observance of CD8+ T cell responses against viral (vaccinia, lymphocytic choriomeningitis etc.) and model (chicken ovalbumin, hen egg lysozyme etc.) antigens. Measurable CD8+ T cell responses elicited by model or viral antigens are always directed against epitopes possessing strong binding affinity for the restricting MHC I alleles. Immense collective effort to develop methodologies combining genomic sequencing, bioinformatics and traditional immunological techniques to identify neoepitopes with strong binding affinity to MHC I has only yielded inaccurate prediction algorithms. Additionally, new evidence has emerged suggesting that neoepitopes, which unlike the epitopes of viral or model antigens have closely resembling wild-type counterparts, may not necessarily demonstrate strong affinity to MHC I. Our bearing need recalibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory A Brennick
- Department of Immunology, Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Mariam M George
- Department of Immunology, Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Pramod K Srivastava
- Department of Immunology, Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Sukrut H Karandikar
- Department of Immunology, Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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175
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King IL, Divangahi M. Editorial: Evolving Mechanisms of Disease Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2974. [PMID: 31921211 PMCID: PMC6934019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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176
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Odagiu L, May J, Boulet S, Baldwin TA, Labrecque N. Role of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A Family in T-Cell Biology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:624122. [PMID: 33597928 PMCID: PMC7883379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.624122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear orphan receptors NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 are immediate early genes that are induced by various signals. They act as transcription factors and their activity is not regulated by ligand binding and are thus regulated via their expression levels. Their expression is transiently induced in T cells by triggering of the T cell receptor following antigen recognition during both thymic differentiation and peripheral T cell responses. In this review, we will discuss how NR4A family members impact different aspects of the life of a T cell from thymic differentiation to peripheral response against infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Odagiu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia May
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Salix Boulet
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Troy A. Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Troy A. Baldwin, ; Nathalie Labrecque,
| | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Troy A. Baldwin, ; Nathalie Labrecque,
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177
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Herold KC, Bucktrout SL, Wang X, Bode BW, Gitelman SE, Gottlieb PA, Hughes J, Joh T, McGill JB, Pettus JH, Potluri S, Schatz D, Shannon M, Udata C, Wong G, Levisetti M, Ganguly BJ, Garzone PD. Immunomodulatory activity of humanized anti-IL-7R monoclonal antibody RN168 in subjects with type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126054. [PMID: 31852846 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine IL-7 is critical for T cell development and function. We performed a Phase Ib study in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to evaluate how blockade of IL-7 would affect immune cells and relevant clinical responses. METHODS Thirty-seven subjects with T1D received s.c. RN168, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the IL -7 receptor α (IL7Rα) in a dose-escalating study. RESULTS Between 90% and 100% IL-7R occupancy and near-complete inhibition of pSTAT5 was observed at doses of RN168 1 mg/kg every other week (Q2wk) and greater. There was a significant decline in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and central memory T cells and CD4+ naive cells, but there were fewer effects on CD8+ naive T cells. The ratios of Tregs to CD4+ or CD8+ effector and central memory T cells versus baseline were increased. RNA sequencing analysis showed downmodulation of genes associated with activation, survival, and differentiation of T cells. Expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was reduced. The majority of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild and not treatment related. Four subjects became anti-EBV IgG+ after RN168, and 2 had symptoms of active infection. The immunologic response to tetanus toxoid was preserved at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg Q2wk but reduced at higher doses. CONCLUSIONS This trial shows that, at dosages of 1-3 mg/kg, RN168 selectively inhibits the survival and activity of memory T cells while preserving naive T cells and Tregs. These immunologic effects may serve to eliminate pathologic T cells in autoimmune diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02038764. FUNDING Pfizer Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan C Herold
- Department of Immunobiology and.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Xiao Wang
- Rinat, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce W Bode
- Atlanta Diabetes Associates Research, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen E Gitelman
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter A Gottlieb
- Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Medicine, and.,Barbara Davis Diabetes Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Anschutz, Colorado, USA
| | - Jing Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tenshang Joh
- Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Janet B McGill
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeremy H Pettus
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shobha Potluri
- Rinat, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Desmond Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Megan Shannon
- Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Gilbert Wong
- Rinat, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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178
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Bianco B, Filipchiuk C, Christofolini DM, Barbosa CP, Montagna E. The role of survivin in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Minerva Med 2019; 111:21-32. [PMID: 31755675 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometriosis is a common, estrogen-dependent condition, defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus, associated with often chronic and inflammatory reaction. The association of endometriosis with cancer is unclear, although endometriosis and cancer present some molecular similarities. Survinin, encoded by the BIRC5 gene, is a protein that controls cell division, inhibits apoptosis and promotes angiogenesis. Here we aimed to summarize and to discuss the main findings of studies that addressed the involvement of survivin in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a comprehensive retrieval from electronic databases, included the MEDLINE, EMBASE, with no restrictions to time span. We used the search terms endometriosis and survivin or BIRC5 and collected all relevant studies to explore the association between endometriosis and surviving expression. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 21 studies included in the systematic review, comprising sample collected from 1263 women with endometriosis. Results showed the involvement of more than 60 genes and proteins evaluated in eutopic, ectopic, endometrial and ovarian endometriosis, as well as in several gynecological conditions compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The studies provided the basis for the involvement of survivin in the pathogenesis of the disease by several and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianco
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil - .,Department of Collective Health, Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil -
| | - Carolina Filipchiuk
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Denise M Christofolini
- Department of Collective Health, Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Caio P Barbosa
- Department of Collective Health, Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Erik Montagna
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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179
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Amon L, Lehmann CHK, Baranska A, Schoen J, Heger L, Dudziak D. Transcriptional control of dendritic cell development and functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:55-151. [PMID: 31759434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major regulators of adaptive immunity, as they are not only capable to induce efficient immune responses, but are also crucial to maintain peripheral tolerance and thereby inhibit autoimmune reactions. DCs bridge the innate and the adaptive immune system by presenting peptides of self and foreign antigens as peptide MHC complexes to T cells. These properties render DCs as interesting target cells for immunomodulatory therapies in cancer, but also autoimmune diseases. Several subsets of DCs with special properties and functions have been described. Recent achievements in understanding transcriptional programs on single cell level, together with the generation of new murine models targeting specific DC subsets, advanced our current understanding of DC development and function. Thus, DCs arise from precursor cells in the bone marrow with distinct progenitor cell populations splitting the monocyte populations and macrophage populations from the DC lineage, which upon lineage commitment can be separated into conventional cDC1, cDC2, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). The DC populations harbor intrinsic programs enabling them to react for specific pathogens in dependency on the DC subset, and thereby orchestrate T cell immune responses. Similarities, but also varieties, between human and murine DC subpopulations are challenging, and will require further investigation of human specimens under consideration of the influence of the tissue micromilieu and DC subset localization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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180
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Park DS, Robertson-Tessi M, Luddy KA, Maini PK, Bonsall MB, Gatenby RA, Anderson ARA. The Goldilocks Window of Personalized Chemotherapy: Getting the Immune Response Just Right. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5302-5315. [PMID: 31387920 PMCID: PMC6801094 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a robust and often untapped accomplice of many standard cancer therapies. A majority of tumors exist in a state of immune tolerance where the patient's immune system has become insensitive to the cancer cells. Because of its lymphodepleting effects, chemotherapy has the potential to break this tolerance. To investigate this, we created a mathematical modeling framework of tumor-immune dynamics. Our results suggest that optimal chemotherapy scheduling must balance two opposing objectives: maximizing tumor reduction while preserving patient immune function. Successful treatment requires therapy to operate in a "Goldilocks Window" where patient immune health is not overly compromised. By keeping therapy "just right," we show that the synergistic effects of immune activation and chemotherapy can maximize tumor reduction and control. SIGNIFICANCE: To maximize the synergy between chemotherapy and antitumor immune response, lymphodepleting therapy must be balanced in a "Goldilocks Window" of optimal dosing.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/20/5302/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Park
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kimberly A Luddy
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Philip K Maini
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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181
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Toward in silico Identification of Tumor Neoantigens in Immunotherapy. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:980-992. [PMID: 31494024 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy includes cancer vaccination, adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and administration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune-checkpoint blockade such as anti-CTLA4/anti-PD1 inhibitors that can directly or indirectly target tumor neoantigens and elicit a T cell response. Accurate, rapid, and cost-effective identification of neoantigens, however, is critical for successful immunotherapy. Here, we review computational issues for neoantigen identification by summarizing the various sources of neoantigens and their identification from high-throughput sequencing data. Several opinions are presented to inspire further discussions toward improving neoantigen identification. Continuing efforts are required to improve the sensitivity and specificity of bona fide neoantigens, taking advantage of the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques for effective and personalized cancer immunotherapy.
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182
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Nyambuya TM, Dludla PV, Mxinwa V, Nkambule BB. Obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance: A mini-review on T-cells. Metabol Open 2019; 3:100015. [PMID: 32812921 PMCID: PMC7424835 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2019.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive lipid accumulation in an obese state is linked with activation and release of detrimental cytokines and chemokines that promote metabolic dysregulation. In fact, emerging experimental evidence shows that abnormal modulation of T-cells in an obese state correlates with the development and progression of insulin resistance. Importantly, the evolving concept linking insulin resistance with impaired immunological mechanisms such as T-cell responses provides new prospects for understanding the role of inflammation in moderating metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bongani Brian Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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183
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Abstract
The contributions of the peripheral adaptive and innate immune systems to CNS autoimmunity have been extensively studied. However, the role of thymic selection in these conditions is much less well understood. The thymus is the primary lymphoid organ for the generation of T cells; thymic mechanisms ensure that cells with an overt autoreactive specificity are eliminated before they emigrate to the periphery and control the generation of thymic regulatory T cells. Evidence from animal studies demonstrates that thymic T cell selection is important for establishing tolerance to autoantigens. However, there is a considerable knowledge gap regarding the role of thymic selection in autoimmune conditions of the human CNS. In this Review, we critically examine the current body of experimental evidence for the contribution of thymic tolerance to CNS autoimmune diseases. An understanding of why dysfunction of either thymic or peripheral tolerance mechanisms rarely leads to CNS inflammation is currently lacking. We examine the potential of de novo T cell formation and thymic selection as novel therapeutic avenues and highlight areas for future study that are likely to make these targets the focus of future treatments.
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184
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Peng M, Mo Y, Wang Y, Wu P, Zhang Y, Xiong F, Guo C, Wu X, Li Y, Li X, Li G, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Neoantigen vaccine: an emerging tumor immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:128. [PMID: 31443694 PMCID: PMC6708248 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic instability of tumor cells often leads to the occurrence of a large number of mutations, and expression of non-synonymous mutations can produce tumor-specific antigens called neoantigens. Neoantigens are highly immunogenic as they are not expressed in normal tissues. They can activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to generate immune response and have the potential to become new targets of tumor immunotherapy. The development of bioinformatics technology has accelerated the identification of neoantigens. The combination of different algorithms to identify and predict the affinity of neoantigens to major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) or the immunogenicity of neoantigens is mainly based on the whole-exome sequencing technology. Tumor vaccines targeting neoantigens mainly include nucleic acid, dendritic cell (DC)-based, tumor cell, and synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccines. The combination with immune checkpoint inhibition therapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy might achieve better therapeutic effects. Currently, several clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these vaccines. Further development of sequencing technologies and bioinformatics algorithms, as well as an improvement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumor development, will expand the application of neoantigen vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine, Alkek Building, RM N720, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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185
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Sönmez RE, Ilhan M, Ertekin C. Post-Transplant Immune Tolerance in Rats Following Lymphocyte Injection Into the Anterior Chamber of the Eye. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:2132-2135. [PMID: 31399189 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the clinical and histopathological results of skin graft transplants between rats that had been injected with lymphocytes into the anterior chamber of the eye with those that had not. METHODS A total of 16 Wistar albino, male rats were included in the study. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely a test group and a control group. Lymphocyte suspensions derived from the subjects of the control group were injected into the anterior chamber of the eye of each opposing subject of the test group. Also, an identical volume of physiological saline was injected into the anterior chamber of each subject in the control group to prevent bias. One week after this procedure, circular skin grafts of 1 cm in diameter were transplanted within the opposing groups. After a period of 1 week, transplanted graft tissues were excised to compare tissue healing. RESULTS The occurence of granulation and reepithelialization was more evident in the test group (96% and 33%, respectively, vs 80% and 17% for the control group, respectively). On the other hand, it was determined that acute inflammation was more intense in the control group (77% vs 50% for the test group). CONCLUSION We had created immune tolerance in rats through anterior chamber lymphocyte injection, which slowed down the rejection process. If this can be successfully implemented in practice, survival for transplant patients without long-term rejection will move closer to becoming a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Erçin Sönmez
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Ilhan
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemalettin Ertekin
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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186
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Shin SY, Kim MW, Cho KH, Nguyen LK. Coupled feedback regulation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) modulates activation-induced cell death of T cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10637. [PMID: 31337782 PMCID: PMC6650396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A properly functioning immune system is vital for an organism’s wellbeing. Immune tolerance is a critical feature of the immune system that allows immune cells to mount effective responses against exogenous pathogens such as viruses and bacteria, while preventing attack to self-tissues. Activation-induced cell death (AICD) in T lymphocytes, in which repeated stimulations of the T-cell receptor (TCR) lead to activation and then apoptosis of T cells, is a major mechanism for T cell homeostasis and helps maintain peripheral immune tolerance. Defects in AICD can lead to development of autoimmune diseases. Despite its importance, the regulatory mechanisms that underlie AICD remain poorly understood, particularly at an integrative network level. Here, we develop a dynamic multi-pathway model of the integrated TCR signalling network and perform model-based analysis to characterize the network-level properties of AICD. Model simulation and analysis show that amplified activation of the transcriptional factor NFAT in response to repeated TCR stimulations, a phenomenon central to AICD, is tightly modulated by a coupled positive-negative feedback mechanism. NFAT amplification is predominantly enabled by a positive feedback self-regulated by NFAT, while opposed by a NFAT-induced negative feedback via Carabin. Furthermore, model analysis predicts an optimal therapeutic window for drugs that help minimize proliferation while maximize AICD of T cells. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive mathematical model of TCR signalling and model-based analysis offers new network-level insights into the regulation of activation-induced cell death in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Min-Wook Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia. .,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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187
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Bioinformatic methods for cancer neoantigen prediction. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 164:25-60. [PMID: 31383407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells accumulate aberrations not present in normal cells, leading to presentation of neoantigens on MHC molecules on their surface. These non-self neoantigens distinguish tumor cells from normal cells to the immune system and are thus targets for cancer immunotherapy. The rapid development of molecular profiling platforms, such as next-generation sequencing, has enabled the generation of large datasets characterizing tumor cells. The simultaneous development of algorithms has enabled rapid and accurate processing of these data. Bioinformatic software tools encoding the algorithms can be strung together in a workflow to identify neoantigens. Here, with a focus on high-throughput sequencing, we review state-of-the art bioinformatic tools along with the steps and challenges involved in neoantigen identification and recognition.
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188
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Tebentafusp: T Cell Redirection for the Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070971. [PMID: 31336704 PMCID: PMC6679206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease from uveal melanoma occurs in almost 50% of patients suffering from this ocular tumour, with median survival from development of symptoms being around 1 year. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are usually ineffective in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Tebentafusp is a novel form of immunotherapy based on the immune-mobilising monoclonal T cell receptor against cancer (ImmTAC) platform, which comprises a soluble T cell receptor that is fused to an anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment. The T cell receptor domain of tebentafusp targets cells present a human leukocyte antigen-A*02:01 complexed with a peptide derived from the melanoma-associated antigen gp100, which is expressed strongly by melanoma cells, weakly by normal melanocytes and minimally by other tissues. The anti-CD3 domain recruits CD3+ T cells (and, indirectly, other immune cells), redirecting these to the melanoma cells. The most common adverse events with tebentafusp are manageable and usually transient. Early survival data in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma are promising when considered alongside historical data. Based on these encouraging results, a randomised study comparing tebentafusp to investigator’s choice of therapy in metastatic uveal melanoma is ongoing.
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189
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Kim H, Dickey L, Stone C, Jafek JL, Lane TE, Tantin D. T cell-selective deletion of Oct1 protects animals from autoimmune neuroinflammation while maintaining neurotropic pathogen response. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:133. [PMID: 31266507 PMCID: PMC6607600 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments for autoimmune diseases aim to dampen autoreactivity while preserving normal immune function. In CD4+ T cells, the transcription factor Oct1/Pou2f1 is a dispensable transcription factor for T cell development and response to primary infection, but promotes expression of target genes, including Il2 and Ifng, under conditions of antigen reencounter. As a result, they are more strongly expressed upon secondary stimulation. Such repeated antigen encounters occur in memory recall responses, in autoimmunity where self-antigen can be recognized multiple times, and in chronic infection where foreign antigen is persistent. Based on these previous findings, we hypothesized that Oct1 loss would protect animals from autoimmunity but maintain normal responses to pathogens in the CNS. OBJECTIVE We used a conditional mouse Oct1 (Pou2f1) allele and a CD4-Cre driver to determine the effect of T cell-specific Oct1 loss on autoimmune- and viral-induced neuroinflammation using an autoantigen-driven EAE model of autoimmunity and a JHMV model of viral infection. RESULTS Oct1 conditional deletion mitigated clinical scores and reduced infiltrating T cells and cytokine production in the EAE model. Consistently, Oct1-deficient CD4+ T cells stimulated in vitro showed increased expression of markers associated with T cell anergy, particularly in the absence of co-stimulatory signals. In contrast, anti-viral T cell effector functions are intact in the absence of Oct1, with no changes in neuroinflammation, infiltrating T cells or cytokine production. CONCLUSION Our findings uncover a significant difference between the effect of Oct1 loss on autoimmune and anti-pathogen responses, which potentially could be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejoo Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Laura Dickey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Colleen Stone
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Jillian L. Jafek
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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190
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Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Pham J, Alcalay RN, Frazier A, Shorr E, Carpenter C, Sidney J, Dhanwani R, Agin-Liebes J, Garretti F, Amara AW, Standaert DG, Phillips EJ, Mallal SA, Peters B, Sulzer D, Sette A. Widespread Tau-Specific CD4 T Cell Reactivity in the General Population. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:84-92. [PMID: 31085590 PMCID: PMC6581570 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tau protein is found to be aggregated and hyperphosphorylated (p-tau) in many neurologic disorders, including Parkinson disease (PD) and related parkinsonisms, Alzheimer disease, traumatic brain injury, and even in normal aging. Although not known to produce autoimmune responses, we hypothesized that the appearance of aggregated tau and p-tau with disease could activate the immune system. We thus compared T cell responses to tau and p-tau-derived peptides between PD patients, age-matched healthy controls, and young healthy controls (<35 y old; who are less likely to have high levels of tau aggregates). All groups exhibited CD4+ T cell responses to tau-derived peptides, which were associated with secretion of IFN-γ, IL-5, and/or IL-4. The PD and control participants exhibited a similar magnitude and breadth of responses. Some tau-derived epitopes, consisting of both unmodified and p-tau residues, were more highly represented in PD participants. These results were verified in an independent set of PD and control donors (either age-matched or young controls). Thus, T cells recognizing tau epitopes escape central and peripheral tolerance in relatively high numbers, and the magnitude and nature of these responses are not modulated by age or PD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Pham
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - April Frazier
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Evan Shorr
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Chelsea Carpenter
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rekha Dhanwani
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Julian Agin-Liebes
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Francesca Garretti
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Amy W Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; and
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; and
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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191
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Policheni A, Horikawa K, Milla L, Kofler J, Bouillet P, Belz GT, O'Reilly LA, Goodnow CC, Strasser A, Gray DHD. CARD11 is dispensable for homeostatic responses and suppressive activity of peripherally induced FOXP3
+
regulatory T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:740-752. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Policheni
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Keisuke Horikawa
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics The John Curtin School of Medical Research The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Liz Milla
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Jennifer Kofler
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics The John Curtin School of Medical Research The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | | | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Daniel HD Gray
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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192
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Hojo MA, Masuda K, Hojo H, Nagahata Y, Yasuda K, Ohara D, Takeuchi Y, Hirota K, Suzuki Y, Kawamoto H, Kawaoka S. Identification of a genomic enhancer that enforces proper apoptosis induction in thymic negative selection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2603. [PMID: 31197149 PMCID: PMC6565714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During thymic negative selection, autoreactive thymocytes carrying T cell receptor (TCR) with overtly strong affinity to self-MHC/self-peptide are removed by Bim-dependent apoptosis, but how Bim is specifically regulated to link TCR activation and apoptosis induction is unclear. Here we identify a murine T cell-specific genomic enhancer EBAB (Bub1-Acoxl-Bim), whose deletion leads to accumulation of thymocytes expressing high affinity TCRs. Consistently, EBAB knockout mice have defective negative selection and fail to delete autoreactive thymocytes in various settings, with this defect accompanied by reduced Bim expression and apoptosis induction. By contrast, EBAB is dispensable for maintaining peripheral T cell homeostasis via Bim-dependent pathways. Our data thus implicate EBAB as an important, developmental stage-specific regulator of Bim expression and apoptosis induction to enforce thymic negative selection and suppress autoimmunity. Our study unravels a part of genomic enhancer codes that underlie complex and context-dependent gene regulation in TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Arai Hojo
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Kyoko Masuda
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hojo
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- ERATO Sato Live Bio-forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nagahata
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keiko Yasuda
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daiya Ohara
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeuchi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawaoka
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan.
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- ERATO Sato Live Bio-forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan.
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193
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Wu SW, Li L, Wang Y, Xiao Z. CTL-Derived Exosomes Enhance the Activation of CTLs Stimulated by Low-Affinity Peptides. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1274. [PMID: 31275303 PMCID: PMC6593274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) bind to peptides presented by MHC I (pMHC) through T cell receptors of various affinities. Low-affinity CTLs are important for the control of intracellular pathogens and cancers; however, the mechanisms by which these lower affinity CTLs are activated and maintained are not well understood. We recently discovered that fully activated CTLs stimulated by strong-affinity peptides in the presence of IL-12 are able to secrete exosomes that, in turn, stimulate bystander CTLs without requiring the presence of antigen. We hypothesized that exosomes secreted by high-affinity CTLs could strengthen the activation of low-affinity CTLs. Naive OT-I CD8+ cells were stimulated with altered N4 peptides of different affinities in the presence or absence of Exo. The presence of Exo preferentially increased cell proliferation and enhanced the production of IFNγ in CTLs stimulated by low-affinity peptides. The expression of granzyme B (GZB) was augmented in all affinities, with higher GZB production in low-affinity stimulated CTLs than in high-affinity stimulated ones. Exosomes promoted the rapid activation of low-affinity CTLs, which remained responsive to exosomes for a prolonged duration. Unexpectedly, exosomes could be induced quickly (24 h) following CTL activation and at a higher quantity per cell than later (72 h). While exosome protein profiles vary significantly between early exosomes and their later-derived counterparts, both appear to have similar downstream functions. These results reveal a potential mechanism for fully activated CTLs in activating lower-affinity CTLs that may have important implications in boosting the function of low-affinity CTLs in immunotherapy for cancers and chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Wu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Zhengguo Xiao
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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194
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Savelyeva N, Allen A, Chotprakaikiat W, Harden E, Jobsri J, Godeseth R, Wang Y, Stevenson F, Ottensmeier C. Linked CD4 T Cell Help: Broadening Immune Attack Against Cancer by Vaccination. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 405:123-143. [PMID: 27704269 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies targeting immunological check points has become a breakthrough therapeutic modality for solid cancers. However, only up to 50 % of patients benefit from this powerful approach. For others vaccination might provide a plausible addition or alternative. For induction of effective anticancer immunity CD4+ T cell help is required, which is often difficult to induce to self cancer targets because of tolerogenic mechanisms. Our approach for cancer vaccines has been to incorporate into the vaccine design sequences able to activate foreign T cell help, through genetically linking cancer targets to microbial sequences (King et al. in Nat Med 4(11):1281-1286, 1998; Savelyeva et al. in Nat Biotechnol 19(8):760-764, 2001). This harnesses the non-tolerized CD4 T cell repertoire available in patients to help induction of effective immunity against fused cancer antigens. Multiple immune effector mechanisms including antibody, CD8+ T cells as well as CD4 effector T cells can be activated using this strategy. Delivery via DNA vaccines has already indicated clinical efficacy. The same principle of linked T cell help has now been transferred to other novel vaccine modalities to further potentiate immunity against cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Savelyeva
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Alex Allen
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Warayut Chotprakaikiat
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Oral Biology Department, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Elena Harden
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jantipa Jobsri
- Oral Biology Department, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Rosemary Godeseth
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yidao Wang
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Freda Stevenson
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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195
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Zafari P, Rafiei A, Esmaeili S, Moonesi M, Taghadosi M. Survivin a pivotal antiapoptotic protein in rheumatoid arthritis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21575-21587. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
- Student Research Committee Medical school, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Seyed‐Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center Bu‐Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Immunology, Student Research Committee Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Moonesi
- Department of Hematology School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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196
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Dingman R, Balu-Iyer SV. Immunogenicity of Protein Pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1637-1654. [PMID: 30599169 PMCID: PMC6720129 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics have drastically changed the landscape of treatment for many diseases by providing a regimen that is highly specific and lacks many off-target toxicities. The clinical utility of many therapeutic proteins has been undermined by the potential development of unwanted immune responses against the protein, limiting their efficacy and negatively impacting its safety profile. This review attempts to provide an overview of immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins, including immune mechanisms and factors influencing immunogenicity, impact of immunogenicity, preclinical screening methods, and strategies to mitigate immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dingman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Sathy V Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214.
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197
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Donadei C, Angeletti A, Cantarelli C, D'Agati VD, La Manna G, Fiaccadori E, Horwitz JK, Xiong H, Guglielmo C, Hartzell S, Madsen JC, Maggiore U, Heeger PS, Cravedi P. Erythropoietin inhibits SGK1-dependent TH17 induction and TH17-dependent kidney disease. JCI Insight 2019; 5:127428. [PMID: 31013255 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing CD4+ cells (TH17) are pathogenically linked to autoimmunity including to autoimmune kidney disease. Erythropoietin's (EPO) newly recognized immunoregulatory functions and its predominant intra-renal source suggested that EPO physiologically regulates TH17 differentiation, thereby serving as a barrier to the development of autoimmune kidney disease. Using in vitro studies of human and murine cells and in vivo models, we show that EPO ligation of its receptor (EPO-R) on CD4+ T cells directly inhibits TH17 generation and promotes trans-differentiation of TH17 into IL-17-FOXP3+CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, EPO/EPO-R ligation abrogates upregulation of SGK1 gene expression and blocks p38 activity to prevent SGK1 phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting RORC-mediated transcription of IL-17 and IL-23 receptor genes. In a murine model of TH17-dependent aristolochic acid (ArA)-induced, interstitial kidney disease associated with reduced renal EPO production, we demonstrate that transgenic EPO overexpression or recombinant EPO (rEPO) administration limits TH17 formation and clinical/histological disease expression. EPO/EPO-R ligations on CD4+ T cells abrogate, while absence of T cell-expressed EPO-R augments, TH17 induction and clinical/histological expression of pristane-induced glomerulonephritis (associated with decreased intrarenal EPO). rEPO prevents spontaneous glomerulonephritis and TH17 generation in MRL-lpr mice. Together, our findings indicate that EPO physiologically and therapeutically modulate TH17 cells to limit expression of TH17-associated autoimmune kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Donadei
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantarelli
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia (Università di Parma), UO Nefrologia (Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma), Parma, Italy
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia (Università di Parma), UO Nefrologia (Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma), Parma, Italy
| | - Julian K Horwitz
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Guglielmo
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Hartzell
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Umberto Maggiore
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia (Università di Parma), UO Nefrologia (Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma), Parma, Italy
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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198
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Bano A, Pera A, Almoukayed A, Clarke THS, Kirmani S, Davies KA, Kern F. CD28 null CD4 T-cell expansions in autoimmune disease suggest a link with cytomegalovirus infection. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 30984377 PMCID: PMC6436193 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17119.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is thought to contribute to the increase of autoimmune diseases in older people. Immunosenescence is often associated with the presence of an expanded population of CD4 T cells lacking expression of CD28 (CD28
null). These highly cytotoxic CD4 T cells were isolated from disease-affected tissues in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, or other chronic inflammatory diseases and their numbers appeared to be linked to disease severity. However, we recently demonstrated that the common herpes virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), not ageing, is the major driver of this subset of cytotoxic T cells. In this review, we discuss how CMV might potentiate and exacerbate autoimmune disease through the expansion of CD28
null CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalia Bano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Department of Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ahmad Almoukayed
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Thomas H S Clarke
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Sukaina Kirmani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Kevin A Davies
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Florian Kern
- Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PX, UK
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199
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Galloway SAE, Dolton G, Attaf M, Wall A, Fuller A, Rius C, Bianchi V, Theaker S, Lloyd A, Caillaud ME, Svane IM, Donia M, Cole DK, Szomolay B, Rizkallah P, Sewell AK. Peptide Super-Agonist Enhances T-Cell Responses to Melanoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:319. [PMID: 30930889 PMCID: PMC6425991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent immunotherapeutic approaches using adoptive cell therapy, or checkpoint blockade, have demonstrated the powerful anti-cancer potential of CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). While these approaches have shown great promise, they are only effective in some patients with some cancers. The potential power, and relative ease, of therapeutic vaccination against tumour associated antigens (TAA) present in different cancers has been a long sought-after approach for harnessing the discriminating sensitivity of CTL to treat cancer and has seen recent renewed interest following cancer vaccination successes using unique tumour neoantigens. Unfortunately, results with TAA-targeted “universal” cancer vaccines (UCV) have been largely disappointing. Infectious disease models have demonstrated that T-cell clonotypes that recognise the same antigen should not be viewed as being equally effective. Extrapolation of this notion to UCV would suggest that the quality of response in terms of the T-cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes induced might be more important than the quantity of the response. Unfortunately, there is little opportunity to assess the effectiveness of individual T-cell clonotypes in vivo. Here, we identified effective, persistent T-cell clonotypes in an HLA A2+ patient following successful tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. One such T-cell clone was used to generate super-agonist altered peptide ligands (APLs). Further refinement produced an APL that was capable of inducing T-cells in greater magnitude, and with improved effectiveness, from the blood of all 14 healthy donors tested. Importantly, this APL also induced T-cells from melanoma patient blood that exhibited superior recognition of the patient's own tumour compared to those induced by the natural antigen sequence. These results suggest that use of APL to skew the clonotypic quality of T-cells induced by cancer vaccination could provide a promising avenue in the hunt for the UCV “magic bullet.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A E Galloway
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Garry Dolton
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Meriem Attaf
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Wall
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Fuller
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Rius
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Bianchi
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Theaker
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Angharad Lloyd
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Immunocore LTD, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marine E Caillaud
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - David K Cole
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Immunocore LTD, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Szomolay
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Rizkallah
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- T-Cell Modulation Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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200
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Kang S, Li Y, Bao Y, Li Y. High-affinity T cell receptors redirect cytokine-activated T cells (CAT) to kill cancer cells. Front Med 2019; 13:69-82. [PMID: 30725257 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-activated T cells (CATs) can be easily expanded and are widely applied to cancer immunotherapy. However, the good efficacy of CATs is rarely reported in clinical applications because CATs have no or very low antigen specificity. The low-efficacy problem can be resolved using T cell antigen receptor-engineered CAT (TCR-CAT). Herein, we demonstrate that NY-ESO-1157-165 HLA-A*02:01-specific high-affinity TCR (HAT)-transduced CATs can specifically kill cancer cells with good efficacy. With low micromolar range dissociation equilibrium constants, HAT-transduced CATs showed good specificity with no off-target killing. Furthermore, the high-affinity TCR-CATs delivered significantly better activation and cytotoxicity than the equivalent TCR-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) in terms of interferon-γ and granzyme B production and in vitro cancer cell killing ability. TCR-CAT may be a very good alternative to the expensive TCR-T, which is considered an effective personalized cyto-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synat Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yifeng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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