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Hsin‐Hung Chen M, Dip A, Ahmed M, Tan ML, Walterscheid JP, Sun H, Teng B, Mozayani A. Detection and Characterization of the Effect of AB-FUBINACA and Its Metabolites in a Rat Model. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1033-43. [PMID: 26517302 PMCID: PMC5063098 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids were originally developed by academic and pharmaceutical laboratories with the hope of providing therapeutic relief from the pain of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. However, recreational drug enthusiasts have flushed the market with new strains of these potent drugs that evade detection yet endanger public health and safety. Although many of these drug derivatives were published in the medical literature, others were merely patented without further characterization. AB‐FUBINACA is an example of one of the new indazole‐carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids introduced in the past year. Even though AB‐FUBINACA has become increasingly prominent in forensic drug and toxicology specimens analyses, little is known about the pharmacology of this substance. To study its metabolic fate, we utilized Wistar rats to study the oxidative products of AB‐FUBINACA in urine and its effect on gene expressions in liver and heart. Rats were injected with 5 mg/kg of AB‐FUBINACA each day for 5 days. Urine samples were collected every day at the same time. On day 5 after treatment, we collected the organs such as liver and heart. The urine samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry, which revealed several putative metabolites and positioning of the hydroxyl addition on the molecule. We used quantitative PCR gene expression array to analyze the hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity on these rats and confirmed by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. We identified three genes significantly associated with dysfunction of oxidation and inflammation. Our study reports in vivo metabolites of AB‐FUBINACA in urine and its effect on the gene expressions in liver and heart. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1033–1043, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals. Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aybike Dip
- Department of Administration of JusticeTexas Southern UniversityHoustonTexas77030
| | - Mostafa Ahmed
- Department of Administration of JusticeTexas Southern UniversityHoustonTexas77030
- Research Center for Human GeneticsThe Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030
| | - Michael L. Tan
- Research Center for Human GeneticsThe Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030
| | | | - Hua Sun
- Research Center for Human GeneticsThe Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030
| | - Ba‐Bie Teng
- Research Center for Human GeneticsThe Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030
- University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at HoustonHoustonTexas77030
| | - Ashraf Mozayani
- Department of Administration of JusticeTexas Southern UniversityHoustonTexas77030
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152
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Zhu X, Yang K, Wei X, Zhang Q, Rong W, Du L, Ye X, Qi L, Zhang Z. The wheat AGC kinase TaAGC1 is a positive contributor to host resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6591-603. [PMID: 26220083 PMCID: PMC4623678 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of AGC kinases in mammalian systems. However, very little is known about the roles of AGC kinases in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the major pathogen of the destructive disease sharp eyespot of wheat. In this study, the wheat AGC kinase gene TaAGC1, responding to R. cerealis infection, was isolated, and its properties and role in wheat defence were characterized. R. cerealis-resistant wheat lines expressed TaAGC1 at higher levels than susceptible wheat lines. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the TaAGC1 protein is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) subgroup of AGC kinases. Kinase activity assays proved that TaAGC1 is a functional kinase and the Asp-239 residue located in the conserved serine/threonine kinase domain of TaAGC1 is required for the kinase activity. Subcellular localization assays indicated that TaAGC1 localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Virus-induced TaAGC1 silencing revealed that the down-regulation of TaAGC1 transcripts significantly impaired wheat resistance to R. cerealis. The molecular characterization and responses of TaAGC1 overexpressing transgenic wheat plants indicated that TaAGC1 overexpression significantly enhanced resistance to sharp eyespot and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wheat plants challenged with R. cerealis. Furthermore, ROS-scavenging and certain defence-associated genes were up-regulated in resistant plants overexpressing TaAGC1 but down-regulated in susceptible knock-down plants. These results suggested that the kinase TaAGC1 positively contributes to wheat immunity to R. cerealis through regulating expression of ROS-related and defence-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Yang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuening Wei
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiaofeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Rong
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lipu Du
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lin Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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153
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Wang T, Tohge T, Ivakov A, Mueller-Roeber B, Fernie AR, Mutwil M, Schippers JHM, Persson S. Salt-Related MYB1 Coordinates Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Signaling during Salt Stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:1027-41. [PMID: 26243618 PMCID: PMC4587467 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, cause global yield loss of all major crop plants. Factors and mechanisms that can aid in plant breeding for salt stress tolerance are therefore of great importance for food and feed production. Here, we identified a MYB-like transcription factor, Salt-Related MYB1 (SRM1), that negatively affects Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed germination under saline conditions by regulating the levels of the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Accordingly, several ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes act directly downstream of SRM1, including SALT TOLERANT1/NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3, RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION26, and Arabidopsis NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN19. Furthermore, SRM1 impacts vegetative growth and leaf shape. We show that SRM1 is an important transcriptional regulator that directly targets ABA biosynthesis and signaling-related genes and therefore may be regarded as an important regulator of ABA-mediated salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Marek Mutwil
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Jos H M Schippers
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Staffan Persson
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.W., T.T., A.I., B.M.-R., A.R.F., M.M., J.H.M.S., S.P.);Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (B.M.-R.);Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.H.M.S.); andSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.)
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154
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Xie Q, Niu J, Xu X, Xu L, Zhang Y, Fan B, Liang X, Zhang L, Yin S, Han L. De novo assembly of the Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) root transcriptome and identification of candidate unigenes related to early responses under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:610. [PMID: 26347751 PMCID: PMC4542685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is an important warm-season turfgrass that is able to survive in a range of soils, from infertile sands to clays, and to grow well under saline conditions. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in its resistance to salt stress. Here, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the changes in gene expression of Zoysia grass at high NaCl concentrations. We first constructed two sequencing libraries, including control and NaCl-treated samples, and sequenced them using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. Approximately 157.20 million paired-end reads with a total length of 68.68 Mb were obtained. Subsequently, 100,800 unigenes with an N50 length of 1104 bp were assembled using Trinity, among which 70,127 unigenes were functionally annotated (E ≤ 10(-5)) in the non-redundant protein (NR) database. Furthermore, three public databases, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Swiss-prot, and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs), were used for gene function analysis and enrichment. The annotated genes included 46 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, 120 KEGG pathways, and 25 COGs. Compared with the control, 6035 genes were significantly different (false discovery rate ≤0.01, |log2Ratio|≥1) in the NaCl-treated samples. These genes were enriched in 10 KEGG pathways and 58 GO terms, and subjected to 25 COG categories. Using high-throughput next-generation sequencing, we built a database as a global transcript resource for Z. japonica Steud. roots. The results of this study will advance our understanding of the early salt response in Japanese lawngrass roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Lab of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xilin Xu
- Bioinformatics, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yinbing Zhang
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Bo Fan
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Shuxia Yin
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Liebao Han
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
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155
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Tohge T, Zhang Y, Peterek S, Matros A, Rallapalli G, Tandrón YA, Butelli E, Kallam K, Hertkorn N, Mock HP, Martin C, Fernie AR. Ectopic expression of snapdragon transcription factors facilitates the identification of genes encoding enzymes of anthocyanin decoration in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:686-704. [PMID: 26108615 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the potential health benefits of polyphenolic compounds in the diet, there is a growing interest in the generation of food crops enriched with health-protective flavonoids. We undertook a series of metabolite analyses of tomatoes ectopically expressing the Delila and Rosea1 transcription factor genes from snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), paying particular attention to changes in phenylpropanoids compared to controls. These analyses revealed multiple changes, including depletion of rutin and naringenin chalcone, and enhanced levels of anthocyanins and phenylacylated flavonol derivatives. We isolated and characterized the chemical structures of the two most abundant anthocyanins, which were shown by NMR spectroscopy to be delphinidin-3-(4'''-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside and petunidin-3-(4'''-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside. By performing RNA sequencing on both purple fruit and wild-type fruit, we obtained important information concerning the relative expression of both structural and transcription factor genes. Integrative analysis of the transcript and metabolite datasets provided compelling evidence of the nature of all anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, including those encoding species-specific anthocyanin decoration enzymes. One gene, SlFdAT1 (Solyc12g088170), predicted to encode a flavonoid-3-O-rutinoside-4'''-phenylacyltransferase, was characterized by assays of recombinant protein and over-expression assays in tobacco. The combined data are discussed in the context of both our current understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism in Solanaceous species, and evolution of flavonoid decorating enzymes and their transcriptional networks in various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yang Zhang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Silke Peterek
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andrea Matros
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ghanasyam Rallapalli
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, UK NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yudelsy A Tandrón
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Eugenio Butelli
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Kalyani Kallam
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- German Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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156
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Campbell MT, Knecht AC, Berger B, Brien CJ, Wang D, Walia H. Integrating Image-Based Phenomics and Association Analysis to Dissect the Genetic Architecture of Temporal Salinity Responses in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1476-89. [PMID: 26111541 PMCID: PMC4528749 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects a significant portion of arable land and is particularly detrimental for irrigated agriculture, which provides one-third of the global food supply. Rice (Oryza sativa), the most important food crop, is salt sensitive. The genetic resources for salt tolerance in rice germplasm exist but are underutilized due to the difficulty in capturing the dynamic nature of physiological responses to salt stress. The genetic basis of these physiological responses is predicted to be polygenic. In an effort to address this challenge, we generated temporal imaging data from 378 diverse rice genotypes across 14 d of 90 mm NaCl stress and developed a statistical model to assess the genetic architecture of dynamic salinity-induced growth responses in rice germplasm. A genomic region on chromosome 3 was strongly associated with the early growth response and was captured using visible range imaging. Fluorescence imaging identified four genomic regions linked to salinity-induced fluorescence responses. A region on chromosome 1 regulates both the fluorescence shift indicative of the longer term ionic stress and the early growth rate decline during salinity stress. We present, to our knowledge, a new approach to capture the dynamic plant responses to its environment and elucidate the genetic basis of these responses using a longitudinal genome-wide association model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachy T Campbell
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Avi C Knecht
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Bettina Berger
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Chris J Brien
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
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157
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Campbell MT, Knecht AC, Berger B, Brien CJ, Wang D, Walia H. Integrating Image-Based Phenomics and Association Analysis to Dissect the Genetic Architecture of Temporal Salinity Responses in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1476-1489. [PMID: 26111541 DOI: 10.1104/pp15.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects a significant portion of arable land and is particularly detrimental for irrigated agriculture, which provides one-third of the global food supply. Rice (Oryza sativa), the most important food crop, is salt sensitive. The genetic resources for salt tolerance in rice germplasm exist but are underutilized due to the difficulty in capturing the dynamic nature of physiological responses to salt stress. The genetic basis of these physiological responses is predicted to be polygenic. In an effort to address this challenge, we generated temporal imaging data from 378 diverse rice genotypes across 14 d of 90 mm NaCl stress and developed a statistical model to assess the genetic architecture of dynamic salinity-induced growth responses in rice germplasm. A genomic region on chromosome 3 was strongly associated with the early growth response and was captured using visible range imaging. Fluorescence imaging identified four genomic regions linked to salinity-induced fluorescence responses. A region on chromosome 1 regulates both the fluorescence shift indicative of the longer term ionic stress and the early growth rate decline during salinity stress. We present, to our knowledge, a new approach to capture the dynamic plant responses to its environment and elucidate the genetic basis of these responses using a longitudinal genome-wide association model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachy T Campbell
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Avi C Knecht
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Bettina Berger
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Chris J Brien
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (M.T.C., H.W.), Holland Computing Center (A.C.K.), and Department of Statistics (D.W.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583;The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (B.B.); andPhenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia (C.J.B.)
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158
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Feng J, Li J, Gao Z, Lu Y, Yu J, Zheng Q, Yan S, Zhang W, He H, Ma L, Zhu Z. SKIP Confers Osmotic Tolerance during Salt Stress by Controlling Alternative Gene Splicing in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1038-52. [PMID: 25617718 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms underlying plant responses to abiotic stress is key for improving plant stress resistance. Much is known about the regulation of gene expression in response to salt stress at the transcriptional level; however, little is known about this process at the posttranscriptional level. Recently, we demonstrated that SKIP is a component of spliceosome that interacts with clock gene pre-mRNAs and is essential for regulating their alternative splicing and mRNA maturation. In this study, we found that skip-1 plants are hypersensitive to both salt and osmotic stresses, and that SKIP is required for the alternative splicing and mRNA maturation of several salt-tolerance genes, including NHX1, CBL1, P5CS1, RCI2A, and PAT10. A genome-wide analysis revealed that SKIP mediates the alternative splicing of many genes under salt-stress conditions, and that most of the alternative splicing events in skip-1 involve intron retention and can generate a premature termination codon in the transcribed mRNA. SKIP also controls alternative splicing by modulating the recognition or cleavage of 5' and 3' splice donor and acceptor sites under salt-stress conditions. Therefore, this study addresses the fundamental question of how the mRNA splicing machinery in plants contributes to salt-stress responses at the posttranscriptional level, and provides a link between alternative splicing and salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China; College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Zhaoxu Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaru Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Junya Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Shuning Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Wenjiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Hang He
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ligeng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Zhengge Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China.
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159
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Shi G, Guo X, Guo J, Liu L, Hua J. Analyzing serial cDNA libraries revealed reactive oxygen species and gibberellins signaling pathways in the salt response of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1005-23. [PMID: 25700980 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
By comparing series full-length cDNA libraries stressed and control, the dynamic process of salt stress response in Upland cotton was studied, and reactive oxygen species and gibberellins signaling pathways were proposed. The Upland cotton is the most important fiber plant with highly salt tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in domesticated cotton was unclear. Here, seven full-length cDNA libraries were constructed for seedling roots of Upland cotton 'Zhong G 5' at 0, 3, 12 and 48 h after the treatment of control or 150 mM NaCl stress. About 3300 colonies in each library were selected robotically for 5'-end pyrosequencing, resulting in 20,358 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) totally. And 8516 uniESTs were then assembled, including 2914 contigs and 5602 singletons, and explored for Gene Ontology (GO) function. GO comparison between serial stress libraries and control reflected the growth regulation, stimulus response, signal transduction and biology regulation processes were conducted dynamically in response to salt stress. MYB, MYB-related, WRKY, bHLH, GRAS and ERF families of transcription factors were significantly enriched in the early response. 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mainly associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, gibberellins (GAs) metabolism, signal transduction, transcription regulation, stress response and transmembrane transport, were identified and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Overexpression of selected DEGs increased tolerance against salt stress in transgenic yeast. Results in this study supported that a ROS-GAs interacting signaling pathway of salt stress response was activated in Upland cotton. Our results provided valuable gene resources for further investigation of the molecular mechanism of salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyao Shi
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China,
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160
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Wu H, Lv H, Li L, Liu J, Mu S, Li X, Gao J. Genome-Wide Analysis of the AP2/ERF Transcription Factors Family and the Expression Patterns of DREB Genes in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126657. [PMID: 25985202 PMCID: PMC4436012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The AP2/ERF transcription factor family, one of the largest families unique to plants, performs a significant role in terms of regulation of growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a fast-growing non-timber forest species with the highest ecological, economic and social values of all bamboos in Asia. The draft genome of moso bamboo and the available genomes of other plants provide great opportunities to research global information on the AP2/ERF family in moso bamboo. In total, 116 AP2/ERF transcription factors were identified in moso bamboo. The phylogeny analyses indicated that the 116 AP2/ERF genes could be divided into three subfamilies: AP2, RAV and ERF; and the ERF subfamily genes were divided into 11 groups. The gene structures, exons/introns and conserved motifs of the PeAP2/ERF genes were analyzed. Analysis of the evolutionary patterns and divergence showed the PeAP2/ERF genes underwent a large-scale event around 15 million years ago (MYA) and the division time of AP2/ERF family genes between rice and moso bamboo was 15–23 MYA. We surveyed the putative promoter regions of the PeDREBs and showed that largely stress-related cis-elements existed in these genes. Further analysis of expression patterns of PeDREBs revealed that the most were strongly induced by drought, low-temperature and/or high salinity stresses in roots and, in contrast, most PeDREB genes had negative functions in leaves under the same respective stresses. In this study there were two main interesting points: there were fewer members of the PeDREB subfamily in moso bamboo than in other plants and there were differences in DREB gene expression profiles between leaves and roots triggered in response to abiotic stress. The information produced from this study may be valuable in overcoming challenges in cultivating moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Wu
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Lv
- Hunan Forest Botanical Garden, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Li
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Mu
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Li
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XPL); (JG)
| | - Jian Gao
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XPL); (JG)
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161
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Taylor JL, Jiang Z, Zhang S, Mei F, Wu Y, Wu P, Ni J. Aequorin-based luminescence imaging reveals differential calcium signalling responses to salt and reactive oxygen species in rice roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2535-45. [PMID: 25754405 PMCID: PMC4986864 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that both salt and reactive oxygen species (ROS) stresses are able to increase the concentration of cytosolic free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i), which is caused by the flux of calcium (Ca(2+)). However, the differences between these two processes are largely unknown. Here, we introduced recombinant aequorin into rice (Oryza sativa) and examined the change in [Ca(2+)]i in response to salt and ROS stresses. The transgenic rice harbouring aequorin showed strong luminescence in roots when treated with exogenous Ca(2+). Considering the histological differences in roots between rice and Arabidopsis, we reappraised the discharging solution, and suggested that the percentage of ethanol should be 25%. Different concentrations of NaCl induced immediate [Ca(2+)]i spikes with the same durations and phases. In contrast, H₂O₂ induced delayed [Ca(2+)]i spikes with different peaks according to the concentrations of H₂O₂. According to the Ca(2+) inhibitor research, we also showed that the sources of Ca(2+) induced by NaCl and H₂O₂ are different. Furthermore, we evaluated the contribution of [Ca(2+)]i responses in the NaCl- and H₂O₂-induced gene expressions respectively, and present a Ca(2+)- and H₂O₂-mediated molecular signalling model for the initial response to NaCl in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jemma L Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Fengling Mei
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yunrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Ni
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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162
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Kazan K. Diverse roles of jasmonates and ethylene in abiotic stress tolerance. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:219-29. [PMID: 25731753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) and ethylene (ET), often acting cooperatively, play essential roles in regulating plant defense against pests and pathogens. Recent research reviewed here has revealed mechanistic new insights into the mode of action of these hormones in plant abiotic stress tolerance. During cold stress, JAs and ET differentially regulate the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) pathway. Major JA and ET signaling hubs such as JAZ proteins, CTR1, MYC2, components of the mediator complex, EIN2, EIN3, and several members of the AP2/ERF transcription factor gene family all have complex regulatory roles during abiotic stress adaptation. Better understanding the roles of these phytohormones in plant abiotic stress tolerance will contribute to the development of crop plants tolerant to a wide range of stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kazan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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163
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Sun X, Jia Q, Guo Y, Zheng X, Liang K. Whole-genome analysis revealed the positively selected genes during the differentiation of indica and temperate japonica rice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119239. [PMID: 25774680 PMCID: PMC4361536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the selective pressures acting on the protein-coding genes during the differentiation of indica and japonica, all of the possible orthologous genes between the Nipponbare and 93–11 genomes were identified and compared with each other. Among these genes, 8,530 pairs had identical sequences, and 27,384 pairs shared more than 90% sequence identity. Only 2,678 pairs of genes displaying a Ka/Ks ratio significantly greater than one were revealed, and most of these genes contained only nonsynonymous sites. The genes without synonymous site were further analyzed with the SNP data of 1529 O. sativa and O. rufipogon accessions, and 1068 genes were identified to be under positive selection during the differentiation of indica and temperate japonica. The positively selected genes (PSGs) are unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes, and the proteins encoded by the PSGs are dominant with binding, transferase and hydrolase activities, and especially enriched in the plant responses to stimuli, biological regulations, and transport processes. Meanwhile, the most PSGs of the known function and/or expression were involved in the regulation of biotic/abiotic stresses. The evidence of pervasive positive selection suggested that many factors drove the differentiation of indica and japonica, which has already started in wild rice but is much lower than in cultivated rice. Lower differentiation and less PSGs revealed between the Or-It and Or-IIIt wild rice groups implied that artificial selection provides greater contribution on the differentiation than natural selection. In addition, the phylogenetic tree constructed with positively selected sites showed that the japonica varieties exhibited more diversity than indica on differentiation, and Or-III of O. rufipogon exhibited more than Or-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangjing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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164
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Benina M, Ribeiro DM, Gechev TS, Mueller-Roeber B, Schippers JHM. A cell type-specific view on the translation of mRNAs from ROS-responsive genes upon paraquat treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:349-63. [PMID: 24738758 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes dramatic changes in the expression levels of many genes. The formation of a functional protein through successful mRNA translation is central to a coordinated cellular response. To what extent the response towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) is regulated at the translational level is poorly understood. Here we analysed leaf- and tissue-specific translatomes using a set of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing a FLAG-tagged ribosomal protein to immunopurify polysome-bound mRNAs before and after oxidative stress. We determined transcript levels of 171 ROS-responsive genes upon paraquat treatment, which causes formation of superoxide radicals, at the whole-organ level. Furthermore, the translation of mRNAs was determined for five cell types: mesophyll, bundle sheath, phloem companion, epidermal and guard cells. Mesophyll and bundle sheath cells showed the strongest response to paraquat treatment. Interestingly, several ROS-responsive transcription factors displayed cell type-specific translation patterns, while others were translated in all cell types. In part, cell type-specific translation could be explained by the length of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and the presence of upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Our analysis reveals insights into the translational regulation of ROS-responsive genes, which is important to understanding cell-specific responses and functions during oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Benina
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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165
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Dey S, Corina Vlot A. Ethylene responsive factors in the orchestration of stress responses in monocotyledonous plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:640. [PMID: 26379679 PMCID: PMC4552142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily of transcription factors (TFs) regulates physiological, developmental and stress responses. Most of the AP2/ERF TFs belong to the ERF family in both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. ERFs are implicated in the responses to both biotic and abiotic stress and occasionally impart multiple stress tolerance. Studies have revealed that ERF gene function is conserved in dicots and monocots. Moreover, successful stress tolerance phenotypes are observed on expression in heterologous systems, making ERFs promising candidates for engineering stress tolerance in plants. In this review, we summarize the role of ERFs in general stress tolerance, including responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors, and endeavor to understand the cascade of ERF regulation resulting in successful signal-to-response translation in monocotyledonous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Corina Vlot
- *Correspondence: A. Corina Vlot, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,
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166
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You J, Chan Z. ROS Regulation During Abiotic Stress Responses in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1092. [PMID: 26697045 PMCID: PMC4672674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, salt and heat cause reduction of plant growth and loss of crop yield worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2 (•-)), hydroxyl radical (OH•) and singlet oxygen ((1)O2) are by-products of physiological metabolisms, and are precisely controlled by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. ROS are significantly accumulated under abiotic stress conditions, which cause oxidative damage and eventually resulting in cell death. Recently, ROS have been also recognized as key players in the complex signaling network of plants stress responses. The involvement of ROS in signal transduction implies that there must be coordinated function of regulation networks to maintain ROS at non-toxic levels in a delicate balancing act between ROS production, involving ROS generating enzymes and the unavoidable production of ROS during basic cellular metabolism, and ROS-scavenging pathways. Increasing evidence showed that ROS play crucial roles in abiotic stress responses of crop plants for the activation of stress-response and defense pathways. More importantly, manipulating ROS levels provides an opportunity to enhance stress tolerances of crop plants under a variety of unfavorable environmental conditions. This review presents an overview of current knowledge about homeostasis regulation of ROS in crop plants. In particular, we summarize the essential proteins that are involved in abiotic stress tolerance of crop plants through ROS regulation. Finally, the challenges toward the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance through ROS regulation in crops are discussed.
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167
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Yu Z, Taylor JL, He Y, Ni J. Enlightenment on the aequorin-based platform for screening Arabidopsis stress sensory channels related to calcium signaling. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1057366. [PMID: 26336841 PMCID: PMC4883862 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1057366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Free calcium ions (Ca(2+)) are an important signal molecule in response to a large array of external stimuli encountered by plants. Using the aequorin-based Ca(2+) recording system, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the Ca(2+) responses to biotic or abiotic stresses in dicotyledonous Arabidopsis. However, due to the lack of a similar detection system, little information has been obtained from the monocotyledonous rice (Oryza sativa). Recombinant aequorin has been introduced into rice, and the Ca(2+) responses to NaCl and H2O2 in rice roots were characterized. Although rice calcium signal sensor research has just started, the transgenic rice expressing aequorin provides a good platform to study rice adapted to different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou, China
| | - Jemma L Taylor
- School of Life Sciences; Gibbet Hill Campus; University of Warwick; Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Yue He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ni
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou, China
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168
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Schmidt R, Schippers JHM. ROS-mediated redox signaling during cell differentiation in plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1497-508. [PMID: 25542301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged in recent years as important regulators of cell division and differentiation. SCOPE OF REVIEW The cellular redox state has a major impact on cell fate and multicellular organism development. However, the exact molecular mechanisms through which ROS manifest their regulation over cellular development are only starting to be understood in plants. ROS levels are constantly monitored and any change in the redox pool is rapidly sensed and responded upon. Different types of ROS cause specific oxidative modifications, providing the basic characteristics of a signaling molecule. Here we provide an overview of ROS sensors and signaling cascades that regulate transcriptional responses in plants to guide cellular differentiation and organ development. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Although several redox sensors and cascades have been identified, they represent only a first glimpse on the impact that redox signaling has on plant development and growth. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We provide an initial evaluation of ROS signaling cascades involved in cell differentiation in plants and identify potential avenues for future studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Schmidt
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jos H M Schippers
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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169
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Wu D, Ji J, Wang G, Guan C, Jin C. LchERF, a novel ethylene-responsive transcription factor from Lycium chinense, confers salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:2033-45. [PMID: 25182480 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE An ERF gene, LchERF , was cloned from L. chinense for the first time. Overexpression of LchERF conferred salt stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco lines during seed germination and vegetative growth. Ethylene-responsive transcription factors (ERFs) play important roles in tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses by regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes. Although the ERF proteins involved in defense responses against biotic stresses have been extensively documented, the mechanisms by which ERF subfamily genes regulate plant responses to abiotic stresses are largely unknown. In this study, a novel ethylene-responsive transcription factor, named LchERF, was isolated from Lycium chinense (a salinity-resistant plant). Analysis of the LchERF-deduced protein sequence showed that it had a typical AP2/ERF domain and belonged to the B-3 subgroup of the ERF subfamily. The expression of LchERF was found to be tissue specific in L. chinense under normal conditions. Upon treatment with NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or ethephon (ET), transcript levels of LchERF rapidly increased in L. chinense. Overexpression of LchERF conferred salt stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco during seed germination and vegetative growth. Compared with control lines, LchERF-overexpressing plants showed higher chlorophyll and proline contents, and were associated with lower H2O2 content under salt stress. Overall, our results demonstrate that LchERF might play an important role in the regulation of plant responses to abiotic stresses and mediate various physiological pathways that enhance salt stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyun Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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170
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The CarERF genes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and the identification of CarERF116 as abiotic stress responsive transcription factor. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 15:27-46. [PMID: 25274312 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The AP2/ERF family is one of the largest transcription factor gene families that are involved in various plant processes, especially in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Complete genome sequences of one of the world's most important pulse crops chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), has provided an important opportunity to identify and characterize genome-wide ERF genes. In this study, we identified 120 putative ERF genes from chickpea. The genomic organization of the chickpea ERF genes suggested that the gene family might have been expanded through the segmental duplications. The 120 member ERF family was classified into eleven distinct groups (I-X and VI-L). Transcriptional factor CarERF116, which is differentially expressed between drought tolerant and susceptible chickpea cultivar under terminal drought stress has been identified and functionally characterized. The CarERF116 encodes a putative protein of 241 amino acids and classified into group IX of ERF family. An in vitro CarERF116 protein-DNA binding assay demonstrated that CarERF116 protein specifically interacts with GCC box. We demonstrate that CarERF116 is capable of transactivation activity of and show that the functional transcriptional domain lies at the C-terminal region of the CarERF116. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CarERF116, significant up-regulation of several stress related genes were observed. These plants also exhibit resistance to osmotic stress and reduced sensitivity to ABA during seed germination. Based on these findings, we conclude that CarERF116 is an abiotic stress responsive gene, which plays an important role in stress tolerance. In addition, the present study leads to genome-wide identification and evolutionary analyses of chickpea ERF gene family, which will facilitate further research on this important group of genes and provides valuable resources for comparative genomics among the grain legumes.
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171
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Maathuis FJM, Ahmad I, Patishtan J. Regulation of Na(+) fluxes in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:467. [PMID: 25278946 PMCID: PMC4165222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to salt, every plant takes up Na(+) from the environment. Once in the symplast, Na(+) is distributed within cells and between different tissues and organs. There it can help to lower the cellular water potential but also exert potentially toxic effects. Control of Na(+) fluxes is therefore crucial and indeed, research shows that the divergence between salt tolerant and salt sensitive plants is not due to a variation in transporter types but rather originates in the control of uptake and internal Na(+) fluxes. A number of regulatory mechanisms has been identified based on signaling of Ca(2+), cyclic nucleotides, reactive oxygen species, hormones, or on transcriptional and post translational changes of gene and protein expression. This review will give an overview of intra- and intercellular movement of Na(+) in plants and will summarize our current ideas of how these fluxes are controlled and regulated in the early stages of salt stress.
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172
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Sethi V, Raghuram B, Sinha AK, Chattopadhyay S. A mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade module, MKK3-MPK6 and MYC2, is involved in blue light-mediated seedling development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3343-57. [PMID: 25139007 PMCID: PMC4371833 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.128702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are involved in several signal transduction processes in eukaryotes. Light signal transduction pathways have been extensively studied in plants; however, the connection between MAPK and light signaling pathways is currently unknown. Here, we show that MKK3-MPK6 is activated by blue light in a MYC2-dependent manner. MPK6 physically interacts with and phosphorylates a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, MYC2, and is phosphorylated by a MAPK kinase, MKK3. Furthermore, MYC2 binds to the MPK6 promoter and regulates its expression in a feedback regulatory mechanism in blue light signaling. We present mutational and physiological studies that illustrate the function of the MKK3-MPK6-MYC2 module in Arabidopsis thaliana seedling development and provide a revised mechanistic view of photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishmita Sethi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Badmi Raghuram
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Sudip Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
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173
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Fujikawa Y, Nakanishi T, Kawakami H, Yamasaki K, Sato MH, Tsuji H, Matsuoka M, Kato N. Split luciferase complementation assay to detect regulated protein-protein interactions in rice protoplasts in a large-scale format. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 7:11. [PMID: 24987490 PMCID: PMC4077619 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-014-0011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rice interactome, in which a network of protein-protein interactions has been elucidated in rice, is a useful resource to identify functional modules of rice signal transduction pathways. Protein-protein interactions occur in cells in two ways, constitutive and regulative. While a yeast-based high-throughput method has been widely used to identify the constitutive interactions, a method to detect the regulated interactions is rarely developed for a large-scale analysis. RESULTS A split luciferase complementation assay was applied to detect the regulated interactions in rice. A transformation method of rice protoplasts in a 96-well plate was first established for a large-scale analysis. In addition, an antibody that specifically recognizes a carboxyl-terminal fragment of Renilla luciferase was newly developed. A pair of antibodies that recognize amino- and carboxyl- terminal fragments of Renilla luciferase, respectively, was then used to monitor quality and quantity of interacting recombinant-proteins accumulated in the cells. For a proof-of-concept, the method was applied to detect the gibberellin-dependent interaction between GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 and SLENDER RICE 1. CONCLUSIONS A method to detect regulated protein-protein interactions was developed towards establishment of the rice interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukichi Fujikawa
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kawakami
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kanako Yamasaki
- Faculty of Human Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masa H Sato
- Faculty of Human Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Department of Plant Biology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 226 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge 70803, LA, USA
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174
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Deinlein U, Stephan AB, Horie T, Luo W, Xu G, Schroeder JI. Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:371-9. [PMID: 24630845 PMCID: PMC4041829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 774] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop performance is severely affected by high salt concentrations in soils. To engineer more salt-tolerant plants it is crucial to unravel the key components of the plant salt-tolerance network. Here we review our understanding of the core salt-tolerance mechanisms in plants. Recent studies have shown that stress sensing and signaling components can play important roles in regulating the plant salinity stress response. We also review key Na+ transport and detoxification pathways and the impact of epigenetic chromatin modifications on salinity tolerance. In addition, we discuss the progress that has been made towards engineering salt tolerance in crops, including marker-assisted selection and gene stacking techniques. We also identify key open questions that remain to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Deinlein
- Division of Biological Sciences, Food and Fuel for the 21st Century Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Aaron B Stephan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Food and Fuel for the 21st Century Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Wei Luo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Food and Fuel for the 21st Century Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Food and Fuel for the 21st Century Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.
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175
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Transcriptional control of ROS homeostasis by KUODA1 regulates cell expansion during leaf development. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3767. [PMID: 24806884 PMCID: PMC4024751 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The final size of an organism, or of single organs within an organism, depends on an intricate coordination of cell proliferation and cell expansion. Although organism size is of fundamental importance, the molecular and genetic mechanisms that control it remain far from understood. Here we identify a transcription factor, KUODA1 (KUA1), which specifically controls cell expansion during leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that KUA1 expression is circadian regulated and depends on an intact clock. Furthermore, KUA1 directly represses the expression of a set of genes encoding for peroxidases that control reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in the apoplast. Disruption of KUA1 results in increased peroxidase activity and smaller leaf cells. Chemical or genetic interference with the ROS balance or peroxidase activity affects cell size in a manner consistent with the identified KUA1 function. Thus, KUA1 modulates leaf cell expansion and final organ size by controlling ROS homeostasis. During plant development, organ size is controlled by cell proliferation and expansion, but the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. Here, Lu et al. show that leaf cell expansion is controlled by the KUA1 transcription factor that acts in a circadian manner and modulates the expression of genes encoding cell wall-localized peroxidases.
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176
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Rong W, Qi L, Wang A, Ye X, Du L, Liang H, Xin Z, Zhang Z. The ERF transcription factor TaERF3 promotes tolerance to salt and drought stresses in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:468-79. [PMID: 24393105 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity and drought are major limiting factors of wheat (Triticum aestivum) productivity worldwide. Here, we report the function of a wheat ERF transcription factor TaERF3 in salt and drought responses and the underlying mechanism of TaERF3 function. Upon treatment with 250 mM NaCl or 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG), transcript levels of TaERF3 were rapidly induced in wheat. Using wheat cultivar Yangmai 12 as the transformation recipient, four TaERF3-overexpressing transgenic lines were generated and functionally characterized. The seedlings of the TaERF3-overexpressing transgenic lines exhibited significantly enhanced tolerance to both salt and drought stresses as compared to untransformed wheat. In the leaves of TaERF3-overexpressing lines, accumulation levels of both proline and chlorophyll were significantly increased, whereas H₂O₂ content and stomatal conductance were significantly reduced. Conversely, TaERF3-silencing wheat plants that were generated through virus-induced gene silencing method displayed more sensitivity to salt and drought stresses compared with the control plants. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that transcript levels of ten stress-related genes were increased in TaERF3-overexpressing lines, but compromised in TaERF3-silencing wheat plants. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the TaERF3 protein could interact with the GCC-box cis-element present in the promoters of seven TaERF3-activated stress-related genes. These results indicate that TaERF3 positively regulates wheat adaptation responses to salt and drought stresses through the activation of stress-related genes and that TaERF3 is an attractive engineering target in applied efforts to improve abiotic stress tolerances in wheat and other cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops of the Agriculture Ministry, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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177
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Gupta B, Huang B. Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: physiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. Int J Genomics 2014; 2014:701596. [PMID: 24804192 PMCID: PMC3996477 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-tolerant varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and tolerance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences (Section Biotechnology), Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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178
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Maathuis FJM. Sodium in plants: perception, signalling, and regulation of sodium fluxes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:849-58. [PMID: 24151301 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although not essential for most plants, sodium (Na(+)) can be beneficial to plants in many conditions, particularly when potassium (K(+)) is deficient. As such it can be regarded a 'non-essential' or 'functional' nutrient. By contrast, the many salinized areas around the globe force plants to deal with toxicity from high levels of Na(+) in the environment and within tissues. Progress has been made in identifying the relevant membrane transporters involved in the uptake and distribution of Na(+). The latter is important in the context of mitigating salinity stress but also for the optimization of Na(+) as an abundantly available functional nutrient. In both cases plants are likely to require mechanism(s) to monitor Na(+) concentration, possibly in multiple compartments, to regulate gene expression and transport activities. Extremely little is known about whether such mechanisms are present and if so, how they operate, either at the cellular or the tissue level. This paper gives an overview of the regulatory and potential sensing mechanisms that pertain to Na(+), in both the context of salt stress and Na(+) as a nutrient.
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179
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Zhu X, Qi L, Liu X, Cai S, Xu H, Huang R, Li J, Wei X, Zhang Z. The wheat ethylene response factor transcription factor pathogen-induced ERF1 mediates host responses to both the necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis and freezing stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1499-514. [PMID: 24424323 PMCID: PMC3938636 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.229575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sharp eyespot disease (primarily caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis) and freezing stress are important yield limitations for the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we report new insights into the function and underlying mechanisms of an ethylene response factor (ERF) in wheat, Pathogen-Induced ERF1 (TaPIE1), in host responses to R. cerealis and freezing stresses. TaPIE1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to both R. cerealis and freezing stresses, whereas TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat plants were more susceptible to both stresses relative to control plants. Following both stress treatments, electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide content were significantly reduced, and both proline and soluble sugar contents were elevated in TaPIE1-overexpressing wheat, whereas these physiological traits in TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat exhibited the opposite trend. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of TaPIE1-overexpressing and -underexpressing wheat plants indicated that TaPIE1 activated a subset of defense- and stress-related genes. Assays of DNA binding by electrophoretic mobility shift and transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) showed that the GCC boxes in the promoters of TaPIE1-activated genes were essential for transactivation by TaPIE1. The transactivation activity of TaPIE1 and the expression of TaPIE1-activated defense- and stress-related genes were significantly elevated following R. cerealis, freezing, and exogenous ethylene treatments. TaPIE1-mediated responses to R. cerealis and freezing were positively modulated by ethylene biosynthesis. These data suggest that TaPIE1 positively regulates the defense responses to R. cerealis and freezing stresses by activating defense- and stress-related genes downstream of the ethylene signaling pathway and by modulating related physiological traits in wheat.
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180
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Schmidt R, Schippers JHM, Mieulet D, Watanabe M, Hoefgen R, Guiderdoni E, Mueller-Roeber B. SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:404-21. [PMID: 24046061 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grain quality is an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition. Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. Moreover, SERF1 is a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI. In addition, SERF1 negatively regulates germination by controlling RPBF expression, which mediates the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A). Loss of SERF1 results in more rapid seedling establishment, while SERF1 overexpression has the opposite effect. Our study reveals that SERF1 represents a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment by timing the expression of RPBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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181
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Schmidt R, Caldana C, Mueller-Roeber B, Schippers JHM. The contribution of SERF1 to root-to-shoot signaling during salinity stress in rice. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27540. [PMID: 24451326 PMCID: PMC4091250 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stress perception and communication play important roles in the adaptation of plants to changing environmental conditions. Plant roots are the first organs to detect changes in the soil water potential induced by salt stress. In the presence of salinity stress, root-to-shoot communication occurs to adjust the growth of the whole plant. So far, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), hydraulic signals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to mediate this communication under salt stress. Recently, we identified the rice transcription factor SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1), which regulates a ROS-dependent transcriptional cascade in roots required for salinity tolerance. Upon salt stress, SERF1 knockout mutant plants show an increased leaf temperature as compared with wild type. As this occurs within the first 20 min of salt stress, we here evaluated the involvement of SERF1 in the perception of salt stress in the shoot. By metabolic profiling and expression analysis we show that the action of SERF1 in signal communication to the shoot is independent from ABA, but does affect the accumulation of ROS-related metabolites and transcripts under short-term salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Potsdam, Germany
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jos HM Schippers
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Potsdam, Germany
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182
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Golldack D, Li C, Mohan H, Probst N. Tolerance to drought and salt stress in plants: Unraveling the signaling networks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:151. [PMID: 24795738 PMCID: PMC4001066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance of plants to abiotic stressors such as drought and salinity is triggered by complex multicomponent signaling pathways to restore cellular homeostasis and promote survival. Major plant transcription factor families such as bZIP, NAC, AP2/ERF, and MYB orchestrate regulatory networks underlying abiotic stress tolerance. Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways contribute to initiation of stress adaptive downstream responses and promote plant growth and development. As a convergent point of multiple abiotic cues, cellular effects of environmental stresses are not only imbalances of ionic and osmotic homeostasis but also impaired photosynthesis, cellular energy depletion, and redox imbalances. Recent evidence of regulatory systems that link sensing and signaling of environmental conditions and the intracellular redox status have shed light on interfaces of stress and energy signaling. ROS (reactive oxygen species) cause severe cellular damage by peroxidation and de-esterification of membrane-lipids, however, current models also define a pivotal signaling function of ROS in triggering tolerance against stress. Recent research advances suggest and support a regulatory role of ROS in the cross talks of stress triggered hormonal signaling such as the abscisic acid pathway and endogenously induced redox and metabolite signals. Here, we discuss and review the versatile molecular convergence in the abiotic stress responsive signaling networks in the context of ROS and lipid-derived signals and the specific role of stomatal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dortje Golldack
- *Correspondence: Dortje Golldack, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany e-mail:
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183
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Schmidt R, Schippers JHM, Mieulet D, Obata T, Fernie AR, Guiderdoni E, Mueller-Roeber B. MULTIPASS, a rice R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:258-73. [PMID: 23855375 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Growth regulation is an important aspect of plant adaptation during environmental perturbations. Here, the role of MULTIPASS (OsMPS), an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice, was explored. OsMPS is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. Over-expression of OsMPS reduces growth under non-stress conditions, while knockdown plants display increased biomass. OsMPS expression is induced by abscisic acid and cytokinin, but is repressed by auxin, gibberellin and brassinolide. Growth retardation caused by OsMPS over-expression is partially restored by auxin application. Expression profiling revealed that OsMPS negatively regulates the expression of EXPANSIN (EXP) and cell-wall biosynthesis as well as phytohormone signaling genes. Furthermore, the expression of OsMPS-dependent genes is regulated by auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid. Moreover, we show that OsMPS is a direct upstream regulator of OsEXPA4, OsEXPA8, OsEXPB2, OsEXPB3, OsEXPB6 and the endoglucanase genes OsGLU5 and OsGLU14. The multiple responses of OsMPS and its target genes to various hormones suggest an integrative function of OsMPS in the cross-talk between phytohormones and the environment to regulate adaptive growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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