151
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Córdoba J, Molina-Cano JL, Martínez-Carrasco R, Morcuende R, Pérez P. Functional and transcriptional characterization of a barley mutant with impaired photosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 244:19-30. [PMID: 26810450 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical mutagenesis induces variations that may assist in the identification of targets for adaptation to growth under atmospheric CO2 enrichment. The aim of this work was to characterize the limitations causing reduced photosynthetic capacity in G132 mutagenized barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Graphic) grown in a glasshouse. Compared to the wild type (WT) G132 showed increased transcript levels for the PSII light harvesting complex, but lower levels of chlorophyll, transcripts for protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A and psbQ, and PSII quantum efficiency in young leaves. Rubisco limitation had an overriding influence on G132 photosynthesis, and was due to strong and selective decreases in Rubisco protein and activity. These reductions were accompanied by enhanced Rubisco transcripts, but increased levels of a Rubisco degradation product. G132 showed lower levels of carbohydrates, amino acids and corresponding transcripts, and proteins, but not of nitrate. Many of the measured parameters recovered in the mutant as development progressed, or decreased less than in the WT, indicating that senescence was delayed. G132 had a longer growth period than the WT and similar final plant dry matter. The reduced resource investment in Rubisco of G132 may prove useful for studies on barley adaptation to elevated CO2 and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Córdoba
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; IRTA (Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology), Field Crops, Av. Alcalde Rovira i Roure, 191, E-25198 Lérida, Spain
| | - José-Luis Molina-Cano
- IRTA (Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology), Field Crops, Av. Alcalde Rovira i Roure, 191, E-25198 Lérida, Spain
| | - Rafael Martínez-Carrasco
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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152
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Daloso DM, Williams TCR, Antunes WC, Pinheiro DP, Müller C, Loureiro ME, Fernie AR. Guard cell-specific upregulation of sucrose synthase 3 reveals that the role of sucrose in stomatal function is primarily energetic. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1470-83. [PMID: 26467445 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoform 3 of sucrose synthase (SUS3) is highly expressed in guard cells; however, the precise function of SUS3 in this cell type remains to be elucidated. Here, we characterized transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants overexpressing SUS3 under the control of the stomatal-specific KST1 promoter, and investigated the changes in guard cell metabolism during the dark to light transition. Guard cell-specific SUS3 overexpression led to increased SUS activity, stomatal aperture, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate and growth. Although only minor changes were observed in the metabolite profile in whole leaves, an increased fructose level and decreased organic acid levels and sucrose to fructose ratio were observed in guard cells of transgenic lines. Furthermore, guard cell sucrose content was lower during light-induced stomatal opening. In a complementary approach, we incubated guard cell-enriched epidermal fragments in (13) C-NaHCO3 and followed the redistribution of label during dark to light transitions; this revealed increased labeling in metabolites of, or associated with, the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The results suggest that sucrose breakdown is a mechanism to provide substrate for the provision of organic acids for respiration, and imply that manipulation of guard cell metabolism may represent an effective strategy for plant growth improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Thomas C R Williams
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Werner C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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153
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Acosta-Gamboa LM, Liu S, Langley E, Campbell Z, Castro-Guerrero N, Mendoza-Cozatl D, Lorence A. Moderate to severe water limitation differentially affects the phenome and ionome of Arabidopsis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 44:94-106. [PMID: 32480549 DOI: 10.1071/fp16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food security is currently one of the major challenges that we are facing as a species. Understanding plant responses and adaptations to limited water availability is key to maintain or improve crop yield, and this is even more critical considering the different projections of climate change. In this work, we combined two high-throughput -'omic' platforms ('phenomics' and 'ionomics') to begin dissecting time-dependent effects of water limitation in Arabidopsis leaves and ultimately seed yield. As proof of concept, we acquired high-resolution images with visible, fluorescence, and near infrared cameras and used commercial and open source algorithms to extract the information contained in those images. At a defined point, samples were also taken for elemental profiling. Our results show that growth, biomass and photosynthetic efficiency were affected mostly under severe water limitation regimes and these differences were exacerbated at later developmental stages. The elemental composition and seed yield, however, changed across the different water regimes tested and these changes included under- and over- accumulation of elements compared with well-watered plants. Our results demonstrate that the combination of phenotyping techniques can be successfully used to identify specific bottlenecks during plant development that could compromise biomass, yield, and the nutritional quality of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Acosta-Gamboa
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Suxing Liu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Erin Langley
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Zachary Campbell
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Norma Castro-Guerrero
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David Mendoza-Cozatl
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Argelia Lorence
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
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154
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Martínez-Ferri E, Zumaquero A, Ariza MT, Barceló A, Pliego C. Nondestructive Detection of White Root Rot Disease in Avocado Rootstocks by Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:49-58. [PMID: 30688585 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-15-0062-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
White root rot (WRR) disease caused by Rosellinia necatrix is one of the most important threats affecting avocado orchards in temperate regions. In this study, we monitored the progression of WRR disease at the leaf and root levels by the combination of nondestructive chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and confocal laser-scanning microscopy on avocado genotypes susceptible to R. necatrix. Leaf photochemistry was affected at early stages of disease development prior to the appearance of aboveground symptoms, made evident as significant decreases in the trapping efficiency of photosystem-II (Fv'/Fm') and in the steady-state of chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Fs) normalized to the minimal fluorescence yield (F0) (Fs/F0). Decreases in Fv'/Fm' and Fs/F0 were associated with different degrees of fungal penetration, primarily in the lateral roots but not in areas next to the main root collar. Aboveground symptoms were observed only when the fungus reached the root collar. Leaf physiology was also tracked in a tolerant genotype where no changes were observed during disease progression despite the presence of the fungus in the root system. These results highlight the usefulness of this technique for the early detection of fungal infection and the rapid removal of highly susceptible genotypes in rootstock avocado-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martínez-Ferri
- IFAPA, Centro de Churriana, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - A Zumaquero
- IFAPA, Centro de Churriana, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - M T Ariza
- IFAPA, Centro de Churriana, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - A Barceló
- IFAPA, Centro de Churriana, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - C Pliego
- IFAPA, Centro de Churriana, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
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155
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Strand DD, Livingston AK, Satoh-Cruz M, Koepke T, Enlow HM, Fisher N, Froehlich JE, Cruz JA, Minhas D, Hixson KK, Kohzuma K, Lipton M, Dhingra A, Kramer DM. Defects in the Expression of Chloroplast Proteins Leads to H 2O 2 Accumulation and Activation of Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2073. [PMID: 28133462 PMCID: PMC5233679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new member of the class of mutants in Arabidopsis exhibiting high rates of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF), a light-driven process that produces ATP but not NADPH. High cyclic electron flow 2 (hcef2) shows strongly increased CEF activity through the NADPH dehydrogenase complex (NDH), accompanied by increases in thylakoid proton motive force (pmf), activation of the photoprotective qE response, and the accumulation of H2O2. Surprisingly, hcef2 was mapped to a non-sense mutation in the TADA1 (tRNA adenosine deaminase arginine) locus, coding for a plastid targeted tRNA editing enzyme required for efficient codon recognition. Comparison of protein content from representative thylakoid complexes, the cytochrome bf complex, and the ATP synthase, suggests that inefficient translation of hcef2 leads to compromised complex assembly or stability leading to alterations in stoichiometries of major thylakoid complexes as well as their constituent subunits. Altered subunit stoichiometries for photosystem I, ratios and properties of cytochrome bf hemes, and the decay kinetics of the flash-induced thylakoid electric field suggest that these defect lead to accumulation of H2O2 in hcef2, which we have previously shown leads to activation of NDH-related CEF. We observed similar increases in CEF, as well as increases in H2O2 accumulation, in other translation defective mutants. This suggests that loss of coordination in plastid protein levels lead to imbalances in photosynthetic energy balance that leads to an increase in CEF. These results taken together with a large body of previous observations, support a general model in which processes that lead to imbalances in chloroplast energetics result in the production of H2O2, which in turn activates CEF. This activation could be from either H2O2 acting as a redox signal, or by a secondary effect from H2O2 inducing a deficit in ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deserah D. Strand
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aaron K. Livingston
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Mio Satoh-Cruz
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tyson Koepke
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Heather M. Enlow
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Fisher
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John E. Froehlich
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Cruz
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Deepika Minhas
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Kim K. Hixson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland, WA, USA
| | - Kaori Kohzuma
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mary Lipton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland, WA, USA
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - David M. Kramer
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: David M. Kramer
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156
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Yin X, Struik PC. Constraints to the potential efficiency of converting solar radiation into phytoenergy in annual crops: from leaf biochemistry to canopy physiology and crop ecology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015. [PMID: 26224881 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A new simple framework was proposed to quantify the efficiency of converting incoming solar radiation into phytoenergy in annual crops. It emphasizes the need to account for (i) efficiency gain when scaling up from the leaf level to the canopy level, and (ii) efficiency loss due to incomplete canopy closure during early and late phases of the crop cycle. Equations are given to estimate losses due to the constraints in various biochemical or physiological steps. For a given amount of daily radiation, a longer daytime was shown to increase energy use efficiency, because of the convex shape of the photosynthetic light response. Due to the higher cyclic electron transport, C4 leaves were found to have a lower energy loss via non-photochemical quenching, compared with C3 leaves. This contributes to the more linear light response in C4 than in C3 photosynthesis. Because of this difference in the curvature of the light response, canopy-to-leaf photosynthesis ratio, benefit from the optimum acclimation of the leaf nitrogen profile in the canopy, and productivity gain from future improvements in leaf photosynthetic parameters and canopy architecture were all shown to be higher in C3 than in C4 species. The indicative efficiency of converting incoming solar radiation into phytoenergy is ~2.2 and 3.0% in present C3 and C4 crops, respectively, when grown under well-managed conditions. An achievable efficiency via future genetic improvement was estimated to be as high as 3.6 and 4.1% for C3 and C4 crops, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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157
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Dahal K, Martyn GD, Vanlerberghe GC. Improved photosynthetic performance during severe drought in Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing a nonenergy conserving respiratory electron sink. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:382-95. [PMID: 26032897 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts have means to manage excess reducing power but these mechanisms may become restricted by rates of ATP turnover. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a mitochondrial terminal oxidase that uncouples the consumption of reducing power from ATP synthesis. Physiological and biochemical analyses were used to compare respiration and photosynthesis of Nicotiana tabacum wild-type (WT) plants with that of transgenic lines overexpressing AOX, under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. With increasing drought severity, AOX overexpression acted to increase respiration in the light (RL ) relative to WT. CO2 and light response curves indicated that overexpression also improved photosynthetic performance relative to WT, as drought severity increased. This was not due to an effect of AOX amount on leaf water status or the development of the diffusive limitations that occur due to drought. Rather, AOX overexpression dampened photosystem stoichiometry adjustments and losses of key photosynthetic components that occurred in WT. The results indicate that AOX amount influences RL , particularly during severe drought, when cytochrome pathway respiration may become increasingly restricted. This impacts the chloroplast redox state, influencing how the photosynthetic apparatus responds to increasing drought severity. In particular, the development of biochemical limitations to photosynthesis are dampened in plants with increased nonenergy conserving RL .
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg D Martyn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
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158
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Belyaeva NE, Schmitt FJ, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Modeling of the redox state dynamics in photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick cells and leaves of spinach and Arabidopsis thaliana from single flash-induced fluorescence quantum yield changes on the 100 ns-10 s time scale. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:123-140. [PMID: 26049407 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The time courses of the photosystem II (PSII) redox states were analyzed with a model scheme supposing a fraction of 11-25 % semiquinone (with reduced [Formula: see text]) RCs in the dark. Patterns of single flash-induced transient fluorescence yield (SFITFY) measured for leaves (spinach and Arabidopsis (A.) thaliana) and the thermophilic alga Chlorella (C.) pyrenoidosa Chick (Steffen et al. Biochemistry 44:3123-3132, 2005; Belyaeva et al. Photosynth Res 98:105-119, 2008, Plant Physiol Biochem 77:49-59, 2014) were fitted with the PSII model. The simulations show that at high-light conditions the flash generated triplet carotenoid (3)Car(t) population is the main NPQ regulator decaying in the time interval of 6-8 μs. So the SFITFY increase up to the maximum level [Formula: see text]/F 0 (at ~50 μs) depends mainly on the flash energy. Transient electron redistributions on the RC redox cofactors were displayed to explain the SFITFY measured by weak light pulses during the PSII relaxation by electron transfer (ET) steps and coupled proton transfer on both the donor and the acceptor side of the PSII. The contribution of non-radiative charge recombination was taken into account. Analytical expressions for the laser flash, the (3)Car(t) decay and the work of the water-oxidizing complex (WOC) were used to improve the modeled P680(+) reduction by YZ in the state S 1 of the WOC. All parameter values were compared between spinach, A. thaliana leaves and C. pyrenoidosa alga cells and at different laser flash energies. ET from [Formula: see text] slower in alga as compared to leaf samples was elucidated by the dynamics of [Formula: see text] fractions to fit SFITFY data. Low membrane energization after the 10 ns single turnover flash was modeled: the ∆Ψ(t) amplitude (20 mV) is found to be about 5-fold smaller than under the continuous light induction; the time-independent lumen pHL, stroma pHS are fitted close to dark estimates. Depending on the flash energy used at 1.4, 4, 100 % the pHS in stroma is fitted to 7.3, 7.4, and 7.7, respectively. The biggest ∆pH difference between stroma and lumen was found to be 1.2, thus pH- dependent NPQ was not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia,
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159
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Greer DH. Photon flux density and temperature-dependent responses of photosynthesis and photosystem II performance of apple leaves grown in field conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:782-791. [PMID: 32480721 DOI: 10.1071/fp15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of photosynthesis depends on the light, and is modulated by leaf temperature and their interaction is important to understand how climate affects photosynthesis. Photosynthetic and PSII light responses at a range of leaf temperatures were measured on leaves of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Gala) trees growing in field conditions. The objective was to assess the interaction between photon flux density (PFD) and temperature on these processes. Results showed leaf temperature strongly modulated the PFD-dependent response of photosynthesis and PSII performance. An interaction on photosynthesis occurred, with temperature affecting saturated rates as well as PFDs saturating photosynthesis. The efficiency of PSII electron transport (operating and maximum in light) universally declined with increasing PFD but temperature strongly influenced the response. Rates of PSII electron transport at saturating PFDs were affected by temperatures. Both photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching also responded strongly to temperature but at high PFDs, photochemical quenching increased linearly with decreasing temperatures while non-photochemical quenching increased curvilinearly with increasing temperatures. Modelling revealed changes in photosynthesis were positively correlated with rates of electron transport. These results greatly enhance our understanding of photosynthesis and the underpinning processes and their responses to temperature and PFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Greer
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia. Email
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160
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Yang S, Wang F, Guo F, Meng JJ, Li XG, Wan SB. Calcium contributes to photoprotection and repair of photosystem II in peanut leaves during heat and high irradiance. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:486-495. [PMID: 25103557 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous calcium nitrate on photoinhibition and thylakoid protein level in peanut plants under heat (40°C) and high irradiance (HI) (1,200 µmol/m(2) per s) stress. Compared with control seedlings (cultivated in 0 mmol/L Ca(NO3 )2 medium), the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in Ca(2+) -treated plants showed a slight decrease after 5 h stress, accompanied by lower degree of PSII closure (1-qP), higher non-photochemical quenching, and lower level of membrane damage. Ca(2+) inhibitors were used to analyze the varieties of antioxidant enzymes activity and PSII proteins. These results indicated that Ca(2+) could protect the subunits of PSII reaction centers from photoinhibition by reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species. In the presence of both ethyleneglycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-tetraacetic acid and ascorbic acid (AsA), the net degradation of the damaged D1 protein was faster than that only treated with AsA. Our previous study showed that either the transcriptional or the translational level of calmodulin was obviously higher in Ca(2+) -treated plants. These results suggested that, under heat and HI stress, the Ca(2+) signal transduction pathway can alleviate the photoinhibition through regulating the protein repair process besides an enhanced capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China
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161
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Abstract
Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I is thought to balance the ATP/NADPH energy budget of photosynthesis, requiring that its rate be finely regulated. The mechanisms of this regulation are not well understood. We observed that mutants that exhibited constitutively high rates of CEF also showed elevated production of H2O2. We thus tested the hypothesis that CEF can be activated by H2O2 in vivo. CEF was strongly increased by H2O2 both by infiltration or in situ production by chloroplast-localized glycolate oxidase, implying that H2O2 can activate CEF either directly by redox modulation of key enzymes, or indirectly by affecting other photosynthetic processes. CEF appeared with a half time of about 20 min after exposure to H2O2, suggesting activation of previously expressed CEF-related machinery. H2O2-dependent CEF was not sensitive to antimycin A or loss of PGR5, indicating that increased CEF probably does not involve the PGR5-PGRL1 associated pathway. In contrast, the rise in CEF was not observed in a mutant deficient in the chloroplast NADPH:PQ reductase (NDH), supporting the involvement of this complex in CEF activated by H2O2. We propose that H2O2 is a missing link between environmental stress, metabolism, and redox regulation of CEF in higher plants.
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162
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Fristedt R, Martins NF, Strenkert D, Clarke CA, Suchoszek M, Thiele W, Schöttler MA, Merchant SS. The thylakoid membrane protein CGL160 supports CF1CF0 ATP synthase accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121658. [PMID: 25835989 PMCID: PMC4383579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of the major thylakoid protein complexes of the photosynthetic apparatus requires auxiliary proteins supporting individual assembly steps. Here, we identify a plant lineage specific gene, CGL160, whose homolog, atp1, co-occurs with ATP synthase subunits in an operon-like arrangement in many cyanobacteria. Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion mutants, which no longer accumulate the nucleus-encoded CGL160 protein, accumulate less than 25% of wild-type levels of the chloroplast ATP synthase. Severe cosmetic or growth phenotypes result under either short day or fluctuating light growth conditions, respectively, but this is ameliorated under long day constant light growth conditions where the growth, ATP synthase activity and photosynthetic electron transport of the mutants are less affected. Accumulation of other photosynthetic complexes is largely unaffected in cgl160 mutants, suggesting that CGL160 is a specific assembly or stability factor for the CF1CF0 complex. CGL160 is not found in the mature assembled complex but it does interact specifically with subunits of ATP synthase, predominantly those in the extrinsic CF1 sub-complex. We suggest therefore that it may facilitate the assembly of CF1 into the holocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Fristedt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Daniela Strenkert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cornelia A. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Monika Suchoszek
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Sabeeha S. Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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163
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Tsabari O, Nevo R, Meir S, Carrillo LR, Kramer DM, Reich Z. Differential effects of ambient or diminished CO2 and O2 levels on thylakoid membrane structure in light-stressed plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:884-894. [PMID: 25619921 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain may severely damage the photosynthetic apparatus as well as other constituents of the chloroplast and the cell. Here, we exposed Arabidopsis leaves to saturating light either under normal atmospheric conditions or under CO2--and O2 -limiting conditions, which greatly increase excitation and electron pressures by draining terminal electron acceptors. The two treatments were found to have very different, often opposing, effects on the structure of the thylakoid membranes, including the width of the granal lumenal compartment. Modulation of the latter is proposed to be related to movements of ions across the thylakoid membrane, which alter the relative osmolarity of the lumen and stroma and affect the partitioning of the proton motive force into its electrical and osmotic components. The resulting changes in thylakoid organization and lumenal width should facilitate the repair of photodamaged photosystem II complexes in response to light stress under ambient conditions, but are expected to inhibit the repair cycle when the light stress occurs concurrently with CO2 and O2 depletion. Under the latter conditions, the changes in thylakoid structure are predicted to complement other processes that restrict the flow of electrons into the high-potential chain, thus moderating the production of deleterious reactive oxygen species at photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onie Tsabari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Clowez S, Godaux D, Cardol P, Wollman FA, Rappaport F. The involvement of hydrogen-producing and ATP-dependent NADPH-consuming pathways in setting the redox poise in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in anoxia. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8666-76. [PMID: 25691575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae are exposed to changing environmental conditions. In particular, microbes found in ponds or soils often face hypoxia or even anoxia, and this severely impacts their physiology. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one among such photosynthetic microorganisms recognized for its unusual wealth of fermentative pathways and the extensive remodeling of its metabolism upon the switch to anaerobic conditions. As regards the photosynthetic electron transfer, this remodeling encompasses a strong limitation of the electron flow downstream of photosystem I. Here, we further characterize the origin of this limitation. We show that it stems from the strong reducing pressure that builds up upon the onset of anoxia, and this pressure can be relieved either by the light-induced synthesis of ATP, which promotes the consumption of reducing equivalents, or by the progressive activation of the hydrogenase pathway, which provides an electron transfer pathway alternative to the CO2 fixation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Clowez
- From the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 Rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Damien Godaux
- the Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, Phytosystems, Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Botany, 27 Bld. du Rectorat, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- the Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, Phytosystems, Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Botany, 27 Bld. du Rectorat, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- From the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 Rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- From the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 Rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France, and
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165
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Juergens MT, Deshpande RR, Lucker BF, Park JJ, Wang H, Gargouri M, Holguin FO, Disbrow B, Schaub T, Skepper JN, Kramer DM, Gang DR, Hicks LM, Shachar-Hill Y. The regulation of photosynthetic structure and function during nitrogen deprivation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:558-73. [PMID: 25489023 PMCID: PMC4326741 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of carbon storage compounds by many unicellular algae after nutrient deprivation occurs despite declines in their photosynthetic apparatus. To understand the regulation and roles of photosynthesis during this potentially bioenergetically valuable process, we analyzed photosynthetic structure and function after nitrogen deprivation in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolite, and lipid profiling and microscopic time course data were combined with multiple measures of photosynthetic function. Levels of transcripts and proteins of photosystems I and II and most antenna genes fell with differing trajectories; thylakoid membrane lipid levels decreased, while their proportions remained similar and thylakoid membrane organization appeared to be preserved. Cellular chlorophyll (Chl) content decreased more than 2-fold within 24 h, and we conclude from transcript protein and (13)C labeling rates that Chl synthesis was down-regulated both pre- and posttranslationally and that Chl levels fell because of a rapid cessation in synthesis and dilution by cellular growth rather than because of degradation. Photosynthetically driven oxygen production and the efficiency of photosystem II as well as P700(+) reduction and electrochromic shift kinetics all decreased over the time course, without evidence of substantial energy overflow. The results also indicate that linear electron flow fell approximately 15% more than cyclic flow over the first 24 h. Comparing Calvin-Benson cycle transcript and enzyme levels with changes in photosynthetic (13)CO2 incorporation rates also pointed to a coordinated multilevel down-regulation of photosynthetic fluxes during starch synthesis before the induction of high triacylglycerol accumulation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Juergens
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Rahul R Deshpande
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Ben F Lucker
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Jeong-Jin Park
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Mahmoud Gargouri
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - F Omar Holguin
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Bradley Disbrow
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Tanner Schaub
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Jeremy N Skepper
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - David R Gang
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology (M.T.J., R.R.D., B.D., Y.S.-H.) and Plant Research Laboratory (M.T.J., B.F.L., D.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 (J.-J.P., M.G., D.R.G.);Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.W., L.M.H.);National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China (H.W.);College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 (F.O.H., T.S.);Department of Physiology, Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom (J.N.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (L.M.H.)
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166
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Mladenov P, Finazzi G, Bligny R, Moyankova D, Zasheva D, Boisson AM, Brugière S, Krasteva V, Alipieva K, Simova S, Tchorbadjieva M, Goltsev V, Ferro M, Rolland N, Djilianov D. In vivo spectroscopy and NMR metabolite fingerprinting approaches to connect the dynamics of photosynthetic and metabolic phenotypes in resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis during desiccation and recovery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:564. [PMID: 26257765 PMCID: PMC4508511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis was used to study dynamics of drought response of photosynthetic machinery parallel with changes in primary metabolism. A relation between leaf water content and photosynthetic performance was established, enabling us to perform a non-destructive evaluation of the plant water status during stress. Spectroscopic analysis of photosynthesis indicated that, at variance with linear electron flow (LEF) involving photosystem (PS) I and II, cyclic electron flow around PSI remains active till almost full dry state at the expense of the LEF, due to the changed protein organization of photosynthetic apparatus. We suggest that, this activity could have a photoprotective role and prevent a complete drop in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in the absence of LEF, to fuel specific energy-dependent processes necessary for the survival of the plant, during the late states of desiccation. The NMR fingerprint shows the significant metabolic changes in several pathways. Due to the declining of LEF accompanied by biosynthetic reactions during desiccation, a reduction of the ATP pool during drought was observed, which was fully and quickly recovered after plants rehydration. We found a decline of valine accompanied by lipid degradation during stress, likely to provide alternative carbon sources for sucrose accumulation at late stages of desiccation. This accumulation, as well as the increased levels of glycerophosphodiesters during drought stress could provide osmoprotection to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petko Mladenov
- Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural AcademySofia, Bulgaria
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble AlpesINRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Richard Bligny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble AlpesINRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniela Moyankova
- Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural AcademySofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Zasheva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anne-Marie Boisson
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble AlpesINRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, Université Grenoble AlpesINSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Vasilena Krasteva
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia UniversitySofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Laboratory “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance", Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Simova
- Laboratory “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance", Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Vasiliy Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia UniversitySofia, Bulgaria
| | - Myriam Ferro
- Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, Université Grenoble AlpesINSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble AlpesINRA, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Dimitar Djilianov, Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria, ; Norbert Rolland, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, INRA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France,
| | - Dimitar Djilianov
- Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural AcademySofia, Bulgaria
- *Correspondence: Dimitar Djilianov, Abiotic Stress Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria, ; Norbert Rolland, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, INRA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France,
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167
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Dahal K, Wang J, Martyn GD, Rahimy F, Vanlerberghe GC. Mitochondrial alternative oxidase maintains respiration and preserves photosynthetic capacity during moderate drought in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1560-74. [PMID: 25204647 PMCID: PMC4226348 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.247866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain includes an alternative oxidase (AOX) that is hypothesized to aid photosynthetic metabolism, perhaps by acting as an additional electron sink for photogenerated reductant or by dampening the generation of reactive oxygen species. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosystem I (PSI) absorbance, and biochemical and protein analyses were used to compare respiration and photosynthesis of Nicotiana tabacum 'Petit Havana SR1' wild-type plants with that of transgenic AOX knockdown (RNA interference) and overexpression lines, under both well-watered and moderate drought-stressed conditions. During drought, AOX knockdown lines displayed a lower rate of respiration in the light than the wild type, as confirmed by two independent methods. Furthermore, CO2 and light response curves indicated a nonstomatal limitation of photosynthesis in the knockdowns during drought, relative to the wild type. Also relative to the wild type, the knockdowns under drought maintained PSI and PSII in a more reduced redox state, showed greater regulated nonphotochemical energy quenching by PSII, and displayed a higher relative rate of cyclic electron transport around PSI. The origin of these differences may lie in the chloroplast ATP synthase amount, which declined dramatically in the knockdowns in response to drought. None of these effects were seen in plants overexpressing AOX. The results show that AOX is necessary to maintain mitochondrial respiration during moderate drought. In its absence, respiration rate slows and the lack of this electron sink feeds back on the photosynthetic apparatus, resulting in a loss of chloroplast ATP synthase that then limits photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
| | - Jia Wang
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
| | - Greg D Martyn
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
| | - Farkhunda Rahimy
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
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168
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Cano FJ, López R, Warren CR. Implications of the mesophyll conductance to CO2 for photosynthesis and water-use efficiency during long-term water stress and recovery in two contrasting Eucalyptus species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2470-90. [PMID: 24635724 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Water stress (WS) slows growth and photosynthesis (A(n)), but most knowledge comes from short-time studies that do not account for longer term acclimation processes that are especially relevant in tree species. Using two Eucalyptus species that contrast in drought tolerance, we induced moderate and severe water deficits by withholding water until stomatal conductance (g(sw)) decreased to two pre-defined values for 24 d, WS was maintained at the target g(sw) for 29 d and then plants were re-watered. Additionally, we developed new equations to simulate the effect on mesophyll conductance (g(m)) of accounting for the resistance to refixation of CO(2). The diffusive limitations to CO(2), dominated by the stomata, were the most important constraints to A(n). Full recovery of A(n) was reached after re-watering, characterized by quick recovery of gm and even higher biochemical capacity, in contrast to the slower recovery of g(sw). The acclimation to long-term WS led to decreased mesophyll and biochemical limitations, in contrast to studies in which stress was imposed more rapidly. Finally, we provide evidence that higher gm under WS contributes to higher intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and reduces the leaf oxidative stress, highlighting the importance of gm as a target for breeding/genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Cano
- Unidad Docente de Anatomía, Fisiología y Genética Forestal, E.T.S.I. Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Campos H, Trejo C, Peña-Valdivia CB, García-Nava R, Conde-Martínez FV, Cruz-Ortega MDR. Photosynthetic acclimation to drought stress in Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck seedlings is largely dependent on thermal dissipation and enhanced electron flux to photosystem I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:23-39. [PMID: 24798124 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck, a crassulacean acid metabolism plant that is adapted to water-limited environments, has great potential for bioenergy production. However, drought stress decreases the requirement for light energy, and if the amount of incident light exceeds energy consumption, the photosynthetic apparatus can be injured, thereby limiting plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of drought and re-watering on the photosynthetic efficiency of A. salmiana seedlings. The leaf relative water content and leaf water potential decreased to 39.6 % and -1.1 MPa, respectively, over 115 days of water withholding and recovered after re-watering. Drought caused a direct effect on photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in light-acclimated leaves, as indicated by a decrease in the photosynthetic electron transport rate. Additionally, down-regulation of photochemical activity occurred mainly through the inactivation of PSII reaction centres and an increased thermal dissipation capacity of the leaves. Prompt fluorescence kinetics also showed a larger pool of terminal electron acceptors in photosystem I (PSI) as well as an increase in some JIP-test parameters compared to controls, reflecting an enhanced efficiency and specific fluxes for electron transport from the plastoquinone pool to the PSI terminal acceptors. All the above parameters showed similar levels after re-watering. These results suggest that the thermal dissipation of excess energy and the increased energy conservation from photons absorbed by PSII to the reduction of PSI end acceptors may be an important acclimation mechanism to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from over-excitation in Agave plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitziméngari Campos
- Posgrado en Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Fisiología Vegetal, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 36.5, Montecillo, 56230, México, México,
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170
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Song Y, Ci D, Tian M, Zhang D. Comparison of the physiological effects and transcriptome responses of Populus simonii under different abiotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 86:139-56. [PMID: 25002226 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the field, perennial plants such as poplar (Populus spp.) must adapt to simultaneous exposure to various abiotic stresses, which can affect their growth and survival. However, the mechanisms for stress-specific adaption in response to different abiotic stresses remain unclear. Thus, understanding the unique acclimation process for each abiotic treatment will require a comprehensive and systematic comparison of the responses of poplar to different abiotic stresses. To compare the responses to multiple stresses, we compared physiological effects and transcriptome changes in poplar under four abiotic stresses (salinity, osmotic, heat and cold). Photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes changed significantly after 6 h abiotic stress treatment. Therefore, using 6 h abiotic stress treatment groups for transcriptome analysis, we identified a set of 863 differentially expressed genes (653 up-regulated and 210 down-regulated) common to osmotic, salinity, heat and cold treatment. We also identified genes specific to osmotic (1,739), salinity (1,222), cold (2,508) and heat (3,200), revealing that salinity stress has the fewest differently-expressed genes. After gene annotation, we found differences in expression of genes related to electron transport, stomatal control, antioxidant enzymes, cell wall alteration, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling in response to various abiotic stresses. This study provides new insights to improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which poplar adapts under different abiotic stress conditions and provides new clues for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China,
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171
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Hojka M, Thiele W, Tóth SZ, Lein W, Bock R, Schöttler MA. Inducible Repression of Nuclear-Encoded Subunits of the Cytochrome b6f Complex in Tobacco Reveals an Extraordinarily Long Lifetime of the Complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1632-1646. [PMID: 24963068 PMCID: PMC4119044 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.243741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of the cytochrome b6f complex in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seems to be restricted to young leaves, suggesting a high lifetime of the complex. To directly determine its lifetime, we employed an ethanol-inducible RNA interference (RNAi) approach targeted against the essential nuclear-encoded Rieske protein (PetC) and the small M subunit (PetM), whose function in higher plants is unknown. Young expanding leaves of both PetM and PetC RNAi transformants bleached rapidly and developed necroses, while mature leaves, whose photosynthetic apparatus was fully assembled before RNAi induction, stayed green. In line with these phenotypes, cytochrome b6f complex accumulation and linear electron transport capacity were strongly repressed in young leaves of both RNAi transformants, showing that the M subunit is as essential for cytochrome b6f complex accumulation as the Rieske protein. In mature leaves, all photosynthetic parameters were indistinguishable from the wild type even after 14 d of induction. As RNAi repression of PetM and PetC was highly efficient in both young and mature leaves, these data indicate a lifetime of the cytochrome b6f complex of at least 1 week. The switch-off of cytochrome b6f complex biogenesis in mature leaves may represent part of the first dedicated step of the leaf senescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hojka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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172
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Mettler T, Mühlhaus T, Hemme D, Schöttler MA, Rupprecht J, Idoine A, Veyel D, Pal SK, Yaneva-Roder L, Winck FV, Sommer F, Vosloh D, Seiwert B, Erban A, Burgos A, Arvidsson S, Schönfelder S, Arnold A, Günther M, Krause U, Lohse M, Kopka J, Nikoloski Z, Mueller-Roeber B, Willmitzer L, Bock R, Schroda M, Stitt M. Systems Analysis of the Response of Photosynthesis, Metabolism, and Growth to an Increase in Irradiance in the Photosynthetic Model Organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2310-2350. [PMID: 24894045 PMCID: PMC4114937 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.124537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the systems response of metabolism and growth after an increase in irradiance in the nonsaturating range in the algal model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In a three-step process, photosynthesis and the levels of metabolites increased immediately, growth increased after 10 to 15 min, and transcript and protein abundance responded by 40 and 120 to 240 min, respectively. In the first phase, starch and metabolites provided a transient buffer for carbon until growth increased. This uncouples photosynthesis from growth in a fluctuating light environment. In the first and second phases, rising metabolite levels and increased polysome loading drove an increase in fluxes. Most Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) enzymes were substrate-limited in vivo, and strikingly, many were present at higher concentrations than their substrates, explaining how rising metabolite levels stimulate CBC flux. Rubisco, fructose-1,6-biosphosphatase, and seduheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase were close to substrate saturation in vivo, and flux was increased by posttranslational activation. In the third phase, changes in abundance of particular proteins, including increases in plastidial ATP synthase and some CBC enzymes, relieved potential bottlenecks and readjusted protein allocation between different processes. Despite reasonable overall agreement between changes in transcript and protein abundance (R2 = 0.24), many proteins, including those in photosynthesis, changed independently of transcript abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Mettler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dorothea Hemme
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Jens Rupprecht
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Adam Idoine
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Veyel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sunil Kumar Pal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Liliya Yaneva-Roder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Flavia Vischi Winck
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Vosloh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Asdrubal Burgos
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Samuel Arvidsson
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Anne Arnold
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Manuela Günther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ursula Krause
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marc Lohse
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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173
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Sejima T, Takagi D, Fukayama H, Makino A, Miyake C. Repetitive short-pulse light mainly inactivates photosystem I in sunflower leaves. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1184-93. [PMID: 24793753 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Under field conditions, the leaves of plants are exposed to fluctuating light, as observed in sunfleck. The duration and frequency of sunfleck, which is caused by the canopy being blown by the wind, are in the ranges from 0.2 to 50 s, and from 0.004 to 1 Hz, respectively. Furthermore, >60% of the sunfleck duration ranges from 0.2 to 0.8 s. In the present research, we analyzed the effects of repetitive illumination by short-pulse (SP) light of sunflower leaves on the photosynthetic electron flow. The duration of SP light was set in the range from 10 to 300 ms. We found that repetitive illumination with SP light did not induce the oxidation of P700 in PSI, and mainly inactivated PSI. Increases in the intensity, duration and frequency of SP light enhanced PSI photoinhibition. PSI photoinhibition required the presence of O2. The inactivation of PSI suppressed the net CO2 assimilation. On the other hand, the increase in the oxidized state of P700 suppressed PSI inactivation. That is, PSI with a reduced reaction center would produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by SP light, leading to PSI photodamage. This mechanism probably explains the PSI photodamage induced by constant light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sejima
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukayama
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 JapanCREST, JST, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 JapanCREST, JST, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
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174
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Plastidial transporters KEA1, -2, and -3 are essential for chloroplast osmoregulation, integrity, and pH regulation in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7480-5. [PMID: 24794527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323899111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple K(+) transporters and channels and the corresponding mutants have been described and studied in the plasma membrane and organelle membranes of plant cells. However, knowledge about the molecular identity of chloroplast K(+) transporters is limited. Potassium transport and a well-balanced K(+) homeostasis were suggested to play important roles in chloroplast function. Because no loss-of-function mutants have been identified, the importance of K(+) transporters for chloroplast function and photosynthesis remains to be determined. Here, we report single and higher-order loss-of-function mutants in members of the cation/proton antiporters-2 antiporter superfamily KEA1, KEA2, and KEA3. KEA1 and KEA2 proteins are targeted to the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts, whereas KEA3 is targeted to the thylakoid membrane. Higher-order but not single mutants showed increasingly impaired photosynthesis along with pale green leaves and severely stunted growth. The pH component of the proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane was significantly decreased in the kea1kea2 mutants, but increased in the kea3 mutant, indicating an altered chloroplast pH homeostasis. Electron microscopy of kea1kea2 leaf cells revealed dramatically swollen chloroplasts with disrupted envelope membranes and reduced thylakoid membrane density. Unexpectedly, exogenous NaCl application reversed the observed phenotypes. Furthermore, the kea1kea2 background enables genetic analyses of the functional significance of other chloroplast transporters as exemplified here in kea1kea2Na(+)/H(+) antiporter1 (nhd1) triple mutants. Taken together, the presented data demonstrate a fundamental role of inner envelope KEA1 and KEA2 and thylakoid KEA3 transporters in chloroplast osmoregulation, integrity, and ion and pH homeostasis.
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175
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Im YJ, Smith CM, Phillippy BQ, Strand D, Kramer DM, Grunden AM, Boss WF. Increasing Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-Bisphosphate Biosynthesis Affects Basal Signaling and Chloroplast Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 3:27-57. [PMID: 27135490 PMCID: PMC4844314 DOI: 10.3390/plants3010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
One challenge in studying the second messenger inositol(1,4,5)-trisphosphate (InsP₃) is that it is present in very low amounts and increases only transiently in response to stimuli. To identify events downstream of InsP₃, we generated transgenic plants constitutively expressing the high specific activity, human phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase Iα (HsPIPKIα). PIP5K is the enzyme that synthesizes phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P₂); this reaction is flux limiting in InsP₃ biosynthesis in plants. Plasma membranes from transgenic Arabidopsis expressing HsPIPKIα had 2-3 fold higher PIP5K specific activity, and basal InsP₃ levels in seedlings and leaves were >2-fold higher than wild type. Although there was no significant difference in photosynthetic electron transport, HsPIPKIα plants had significantly higher starch (2-4 fold) and 20% higher anthocyanin compared to controls. Starch content was higher both during the day and at the end of dark period. In addition, transcripts of genes involved in starch metabolism such as SEX1 (glucan water dikinase) and SEX4 (phosphoglucan phosphatase), DBE (debranching enzyme), MEX1 (maltose transporter), APL3 (ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) and glucose-6-phosphate transporter (Glc6PT) were up-regulated in the HsPIPKIα plants. Our results reveal that increasing the phosphoinositide (PI) pathway affects chloroplast carbon metabolism and suggest that InsP₃ is one component of an inter-organelle signaling network regulating chloroplast metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ju Im
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Caroline M Smith
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Brian Q Phillippy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Deserah Strand
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - David M Kramer
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Amy M Grunden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Wendy F Boss
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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176
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Murchie EH, Harbinson J. Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching Across Scales: From Chloroplasts to Plants to Communities. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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177
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Galzerano D, Feilke K, Schaub P, Beyer P, Krieger-Liszkay A. Effect of constitutive expression of bacterial phytoene desaturase CRTI on photosynthetic electron transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:345-53. [PMID: 24378845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive expression of the bacterial carotene desaturase (CRTI) in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to increased susceptibility of leaves to light-induced damage. Changes in the photosynthetic electron transport chain rather than alterations of the carotenoid composition in the antenna were responsible for the increased photoinhibition. A much higher level of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide was generated in the light in thylakoid membranes from the CRTI expressing lines than in wild-type while the level of singlet oxygen generation remained unchanged. The increase in reactive oxygen species was related to the activity of plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) since their generation was inhibited by the PTOX-inhibitor octyl gallate, and since the protein level of PTOX was increased in the CRTI-expressing lines. Furthermore, cyclic electron flow was suppressed in these lines. We propose that PTOX competes efficiently with cyclic electron flow for plastoquinol in the CRTI-expressing lines and that it plays a crucial role in the control of the reduction state of the plastoquinone pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Galzerano
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Saclay, iBiTec-S, CNRS UMR 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Kathleen Feilke
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Saclay, iBiTec-S, CNRS UMR 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Schaub
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Beyer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Saclay, iBiTec-S, CNRS UMR 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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178
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Lucker B, Kramer DM. Regulation of cyclic electron flow in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under fluctuating carbon availability. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 117:449-59. [PMID: 24113925 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast must rapidly and precisely adjust photosynthetic ATP and NADPH output to meet changing metabolic demands imposed by fluctuating environmental conditions. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I is thought to contribute to this adjustment by providing ATP in excess of that supplied by linear electron low, balancing chloroplast energy budget when relative demand for ATP is high. We assessed the kinetics and energy production of CEF activation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under rapid changes of organic and inorganic carbon availability. Comparisons of transient electric field and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements indicated CEF was activated under conditions where ATP demand is expected to be high, consistent with a role in balancing the cellular ATP/NADPH budget under fluctuating environmental or metabolic conditions. CEF activation was not correlated with antenna state transitions, both in wild-type and the state transition mutant stt7-9, suggesting that CEF is rapidly regulated by allosteric or redox modulators. Comparing the CEF under ambient and high CO2 conditions suggests an increase in required energy output of approximately 1ATP/CO2 fixed, nearly sufficient to power proposed mechanistic models for the carbon-concentrating mechanism. Additionally, we see three-fold higher CEF rates in cells under steady-state conditions than cells under similar conditions with inhibited photosystem II, and up to five times higher in cells with severe depletion of inorganic carbon, implying that CEF has larger energetic capacity than predicted from some previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lucker
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, S222 Plant Biology Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1312, USA
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179
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Cano FJ, Sánchez-Gómez D, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Warren CR, Gil L, Aranda I. Effects of drought on mesophyll conductance and photosynthetic limitations at different tree canopy layers. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1961-80. [PMID: 23527762 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have focused on the limiting role of mesophyll conductance (gm ) to photosynthesis (An ) under water stress, but no studies have examined the effect of drought on gm through the forest canopy. We investigated limitations to An on leaves at different heights in a mixed adult stand of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees during a moderately dry summer. Moderate drought decreased An of top and lowest beech canopy leaves much more than in leaves located in the mid canopy; whereas in oak, An of the lower canopy was decreased more than in sunlit leaves. The decrease of An was probably not due to leaf-level biochemistry given that VCmax was generally unaffected by drought. The reduction in An was instead associated with reduction in stomatal and mesophyll conductances. Drought-induced increases in stomatal limitations were largest in leaves from the top canopy, whereas drought-induced increases in mesophyll limitations were largest in leaves from the lowest canopy. Sensitivity analysis highlighted the need to decompose the canopy into different leaf layers and to incorporate the limitation imposed by gm when assessing the impact of drought on the gas exchange of tree canopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Cano
- Unidad Docente de Anatomía, Fisiología y Genética Forestal, E.T.S.I. Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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180
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Subramanian S, Barry AN, Pieris S, Sayre RT. Comparative energetics and kinetics of autotrophic lipid and starch metabolism in chlorophytic microalgae: implications for biomass and biofuel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:150. [PMID: 24139286 PMCID: PMC4015678 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing need to provide alternatives to fossil fuels as efficiently, economically, and sustainably as possible there has been growing interest in improved biofuel production systems. Biofuels produced from microalgae are a particularly attractive option since microalgae have production potentials that exceed the best terrestrial crops by 2 to 10-fold. In addition, autotrophically grown microalgae can capture CO2 from point sources reducing direct atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions. The enhanced biomass production potential of algae is attributed in part to the fact that every cell is photosynthetic. Regardless, overall biological energy capture, conversion, and storage in microalgae are inefficient with less than 8% conversion of solar into chemical energy achieved. In this review, we examine the thermodynamic and kinetic constraints associated with the autotrophic conversion of inorganic carbon into storage carbohydrate and oil, the dominant energy storage products in Chlorophytic microalgae. We discuss how thermodynamic restrictions including the loss of fixed carbon during acetyl CoA synthesis reduce the efficiency of carbon accumulation in lipids. In addition, kinetic limitations, such as the coupling of proton to electron transfer during plastoquinone reduction and oxidation and the slow rates of CO2 fixation by Rubisco reduce photosynthetic efficiency. In some cases, these kinetic limitations have been overcome by massive increases in the numbers of effective catalytic sites, e.g. the high Rubisco levels (mM) in chloroplasts. But in other cases, including the slow rate of plastoquinol oxidation, there has been no compensatory increase in the abundance of catalytically limiting protein complexes. Significantly, we show that the energetic requirements for producing oil and starch relative to the recoverable energy stored in these molecules are very similar on a per carbon basis. Presently, the overall rates of starch and lipid synthesis in microalgae are very poorly characterized. Increased understanding of the kinetic constraints of lipid and starch synthesis, accumulation and turnover would facilitate the design of improved biomass production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda N Barry
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Lab, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Shayani Pieris
- Natural Sciences Division, Missouri Baptist University, One College Park Drive, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA
| | - Richard T Sayre
- New Mexico Consortium, 100 Entrada Rd., Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Lab, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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181
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Stirbet A. Excitonic connectivity between photosystem II units: what is it, and how to measure it? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:189-214. [PMID: 23794168 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms, light energy is absorbed by a complex network of chromophores embedded in light-harvesting antenna complexes. In photosystem II (PSII), the excitation energy from the antenna is transferred very efficiently to an active reaction center (RC) (i.e., with oxidized primary quinone acceptor Q(A)), where the photochemistry begins, leading to O2 evolution, and reduction of plastoquinones. A very small part of the excitation energy is dissipated as fluorescence and heat. Measurements on chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and oxygen have shown that a nonlinear (hyperbolic) relationship exists between the fluorescence yield (Φ(F)) (or the oxygen emission yield, (Φ(O2)) and the fraction of closed PSII RCs (i.e., with reduced Q(A)). This nonlinearity is assumed to be related to the transfer of the excitation energy from a closed PSII RC to an open (active) PSII RC, a process called PSII excitonic connectivity by Joliot and Joliot (CR Acad Sci Paris 258: 4622-4625, 1964). Different theoretical approaches of the PSII excitonic connectivity, and experimental methods used to measure it, are discussed in this review. In addition, we present alternative explanations of the observed sigmoidicity of the fluorescence induction and oxygen evolution curves.
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182
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Deng C, Zhang D, Pan X, Chang F, Wang S. Toxic effects of mercury on PSI and PSII activities, membrane potential and transthylakoid proton gradient in Microsorium pteropus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:1-7. [PMID: 23920143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the top toxic metals in environment and it poses a great risk to organisms. This study aimed to elucidate the toxic effects of Hg(2+) on energy conversion of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), membrane potential and proton gradient of Microsorium pteropus (an aquatic plant species). Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, quantum yield and electron transfer of PSI and PSII of M. pteropus exposed to various concentrations of Hg(2+) were measured. With increasing Hg(2+) concentration, quantum yield and electron transport of PSI [Y(I) and ETR(I)] and PSII [Y(II) and ETR(II)] decreased whereas limitation of donor side of PSI [Y(ND)] increased. At ⩾165μgL(-1) Hg(2+), quantum yield of non-light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in PSII [Y(NO)] significantly increased but quantum yield of light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching [Y(NPQ)] decreased. Membrane potential (Δψ) and proton gradient (ΔpH) of M. pteropus were reduced significantly at 330μg L(-1) Hg(2+) compared to control. Mercury exposure affected multiple sites in PSII and PSI of M. pteropus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnuan Deng
- Key Lab of Plateau Lake Ecology & Global Change, College of Tourism and Geographic Science, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Process and Environmental Change, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China; Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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183
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Yan K, Chen P, Shao H, Shao C, Zhao S, Brestic M. Dissection of photosynthetic electron transport process in sweet sorghum under heat stress. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62100. [PMID: 23717388 PMCID: PMC3663741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant photosynthesis and photosystem II (PSII) are susceptible to high temperature. However, photosynthetic electron transport process under heat stress remains unclear. To reveal this issue, chlorophyll a fluorescence and modulated 820 nm reflection were simultaneously detected in sweet sorghum. At 43°C, J step in the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient was significantly elevated, suggesting that electron transport beyond primary quinone of PSII (Q(A)) (primary quinone electron acceptor of PSII) was inhibited. PSI (Photosystem I) photochemical capacity was not influenced even under severe heat stress at 48°C. Thus, PSI oxidation was prolonged and PSI re-reduction did not reach normal level. The inhibition of electron transport between PSII and PSI can reduce the possibility of PSI photoinhibition under heat stress. PSII function recovered entirely one day after heat stress at 43°C, implying that sweet sorghum has certain self-remediation capacity. When the temperature reached 48°C, the maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry and the electron transport from PSII donor side were remarkably decreased, which greatly limited the electron flow to PSI, and PSI re-reduction suspended. The efficiency of an electron transferred from the intersystem electron carrier (plastoquinol, PQH₂) to the end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side increased significantly at 48°C, and the reason was the greater inhibition of electron transport before PQH₂. Thus, the fragment from Q(A) to PQH₂ is the most heat sensitive in the electron transport chain between PSII and PSI in sweet sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, China
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, China
- The Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, China
- Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Chuyang Shao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
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184
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Kohzuma K, Dal Bosco C, Meurer J, Kramer DM. Light- and metabolism-related regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase has distinct mechanisms and functions. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13156-63. [PMID: 23486473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.453225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast CF0-CF1-ATP synthase (ATP synthase) is activated in the light and inactivated in the dark by thioredoxin-mediated redox modulation of a disulfide bridge on its γ subunit. The activity of the ATP synthase is also fine-tuned during steady-state photosynthesis in response to metabolic changes, e.g. altering CO2 levels to adjust the thylakoid proton gradient and thus the regulation of light harvesting and electron transfer. The mechanism of this fine-tuning is unknown. We test here the possibility that it also involves redox modulation. We found that modifying the Arabidopsis thaliana γ subunit by mutating three highly conserved acidic amino acids, D211V, E212L, and E226L, resulted in a mutant, termed mothra, in which ATP synthase which lacked light-dark regulation had relatively small effects on maximal activity in vivo. In situ equilibrium redox titrations and thiol redox-sensitive labeling studies showed that the γ subunit disulfide/sulfhydryl couple in the modified ATP synthase has a more reducing redox potential and thus remains predominantly oxidized under physiological conditions, implying that the highly conserved acidic residues in the γ subunit influence thiol redox potential. In contrast to its altered light-dark regulation, mothra retained wild-type fine-tuning of ATP synthase activity in response to changes in ambient CO2 concentrations, indicating that the light-dark- and metabolic-related regulation occur through different mechanisms, possibly via small molecule allosteric effectors or covalent modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kohzuma
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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185
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Bulychev AA, Osipov VA, Matorin DN, Vredenberg WJ. Effects of far-red light on fluorescence induction in infiltrated pea leaves under diminished ΔpH and Δφ components of the proton motive force. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 45:37-45. [PMID: 23054078 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves induced by an actinic pulse of red light follow different kinetics in dark-adapted plant leaves and leaves preilluminated with far-red light. This influence of far-red light was abolished in leaves infiltrated with valinomycin known to eliminate the electrical (Δφ) component of the proton-motive force and was strongly enhanced in leaves infiltrated with nigericin that abolishes the ΔpH component. The supposed influence of ionophores on different components of the proton motive force was supported by differential effects of these ionophores on the induction curves of the millisecond component of chlorophyll delayed fluorescence. Comparison of fluorescence induction curves with the kinetics of P700 oxidation in the absence and presence of ionophores suggests that valinomycin facilitates a build-up of a rate-limiting step for electron transport at the site of plastoquinone oxidation, whereas nigericin effectively removes limitations at this site. Far-red light was found to be a particularly effective modulator of electron flows in chloroplasts in the absence of ΔpH backpressure on operation of the electron-transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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186
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Takahashi H, Clowez S, Wollman FA, Vallon O, Rappaport F. Cyclic electron flow is redox-controlled but independent of state transition. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1954. [PMID: 23760547 PMCID: PMC3709502 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the biological process that feeds the biosphere with reduced carbon. The assimilation of CO2 requires the fine tuning of two co-existing functional modes: linear electron flow, which provides NADPH and ATP, and cyclic electron flow, which only sustains ATP synthesis. Although the importance of this fine tuning is appreciated, its mechanism remains equivocal. Here we show that cyclic electron flow as well as formation of supercomplexes, thought to contribute to the enhancement of cyclic electron flow, are promoted in reducing conditions with no correlation with the reorganization of the thylakoid membranes associated with the migration of antenna proteins towards Photosystems I or II, a process known as state transition. We show that cyclic electron flow is tuned by the redox power and this provides a mechanistic model applying to the entire green lineage including the vast majority of the cases in which state transition only involves a moderate fraction of the antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Takahashi
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sophie Clowez
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Vallon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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187
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Nabity PD, Zavala JA, DeLucia EH. Herbivore induction of jasmonic acid and chemical defences reduce photosynthesis in Nicotiana attenuata. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:685-94. [PMID: 23264519 PMCID: PMC3542056 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory initiates a shift in plant metabolism from growth to defence that may reduce fitness in the absence of further herbivory. However, the defence-induced changes in carbon assimilation that precede this reallocation in resources remain largely undetermined. This study characterized the response of photosynthesis to herbivore induction of jasmonic acid (JA)-related defences in Nicotiana attenuata to increase understanding of these mechanisms. It was hypothesized that JA-induced defences would immediately reduce the component processes of photosynthesis upon attack and was predicted that wild-type plants would suffer greater reductions in photosynthesis than plants lacking JA-induced defences. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and thermal spatial patterns were measured together with the production of defence-related metabolites after attack and through recovery. Herbivore damage immediately reduced electron transport and gas exchange in wild-type plants, and gas exchange remained suppressed for several days after attack. The sustained reductions in gas exchange occurred concurrently with increased defence metabolites in wild-type plants, whereas plants lacking JA-induced defences suffered minimal suppression in photosynthesis and no increase in defence metabolite production. This suppression in photosynthesis occurred only after sustained defence signalling and defence chemical mobilization, whereas a short bout of feeding damage only transiently altered components of photosynthesis. It was identified that lipoxygenase signalling interacted with photosynthetic electron transport and that the resulting JA-related metabolites reduced photosynthesis. These data represent a metabolic cost to mounting a chemical defence against herbivory and link defence-signalling networks to the differential effects of herbivory on photosynthesis in remaining leaf tissues in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Nabity
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jorge A. Zavala
- Cátedra de Bioquímica/INBA, Facultad de Agronomía, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evan H. DeLucia
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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188
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Courteille A, Vesa S, Sanz-Barrio R, Cazalé AC, Becuwe-Linka N, Farran I, Havaux M, Rey P, Rumeau D. Thioredoxin m4 controls photosynthetic alternative electron pathways in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:508-20. [PMID: 23151348 PMCID: PMC3532281 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.207019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the linear electron flow, a cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I occurs in chloroplasts. In CEF, electrons flow back from the donor site of photosystem I to the plastoquinone pool via two main routes: one that involves the Proton Gradient Regulation5 (PGR5)/PGRL1 complex (PGR) and one that is dependent of the NADH dehydrogenase-like complex. While the importance of CEF in photosynthesis and photoprotection has been clearly established, little is known about its regulation. We worked on the assumption of a redox regulation and surveyed the putative role of chloroplastic thioredoxins (TRX). Using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking different TRX isoforms, we demonstrated in vivo that TRXm4 specifically plays a role in the down-regulation of the NADH dehydrogenase-like complex-dependent plastoquinone reduction pathway. This result was confirmed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing the TRXm4 orthologous gene. In vitro assays performed with isolated chloroplasts and purified TRXm4 indicated that TRXm4 negatively controls the PGR pathway as well. The physiological significance of this regulation was investigated under steady-state photosynthesis and in the pgr5 mutant background. Lack of TRXm4 reversed the growth phenotype of the pgr5 mutant, but it did not compensate for the impaired photosynthesis and photoinhibition sensitivity. This suggests that the physiological role of TRXm4 occurs in vivo via a mechanism distinct from direct up-regulation of CEF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Sanz-Barrio
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Service de Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Université Aix-Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia, Universidad Pública de Navarra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain (R.S.-B., I.F.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.)
| | - Anne-Claire Cazalé
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Service de Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Université Aix-Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia, Universidad Pública de Navarra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain (R.S.-B., I.F.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.)
| | - Noëlle Becuwe-Linka
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Service de Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Université Aix-Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia, Universidad Pública de Navarra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain (R.S.-B., I.F.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.)
| | - Immaculada Farran
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Service de Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Université Aix-Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia, Universidad Pública de Navarra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain (R.S.-B., I.F.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.)
| | - Michel Havaux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Service de Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Université Aix-Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia, Universidad Pública de Navarra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain (R.S.-B., I.F.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.)
| | - Pascal Rey
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Service de Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Université Aix-Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia, Universidad Pública de Navarra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain (R.S.-B., I.F.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.)
| | - Dominique Rumeau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Service de Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Université Aix-Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (A.C., S.V., N.B.-L., M.H., P.R., D.R.); Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia, Universidad Pública de Navarra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain (R.S.-B., I.F.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.-C.C.)
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189
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Rolland N, Curien G, Finazzi G, Kuntz M, Maréchal E, Matringe M, Ravanel S, Seigneurin-Berny D. The Biosynthetic Capacities of the Plastids and Integration Between Cytoplasmic and Chloroplast Processes. Annu Rev Genet 2012; 46:233-64. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Gilles Curien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Michel Matringe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Daphné Seigneurin-Berny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
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190
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Tóth T, Zsiros O, Kis M, Garab G, Kovács L. Cadmium exerts its toxic effects on photosynthesis via a cascade mechanism in the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC 6803. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:2075-86. [PMID: 22583050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research, the mechanism of Cd(2+) toxicity on photosynthesis is still elusive because of the multiplicity of the inhibitory effects and different barriers in plants. The quick Cd(2+) uptake in Synechocystis PCC 6803 permits the direct interaction of cadmium with the photosynthetic machinery and allows the distinction between primary and secondary effects. We show that the CO(2) -dependent electron transport is rapidly inhibited upon exposing the cells to 40 µm Cd(2+) (50% inhibition in ∼15 min). However, during this time we observe only symptoms of photosystem I acceptor side limitation and a build of an excitation pressure on the reaction centres, as indicated by light-induced P700 redox transients, O(2) polarography and changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Inhibitory effects on photosystem II electron transport and the degradation of the reaction centre protein D1 can only be observed after several hours, and only in the light, as revealed by chlorophyll a fluorescence transients, thermoluminescence and immunoblotting. Despite the marked differences in the manifestations of these short- and long-term effects, they exhibit virtually the same Cd(2+) concentration dependence. These data strongly suggest a cascade mechanism of the toxic effect, with a primary effect in the dark reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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191
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Tschiersch H, Liebsch G, Borisjuk L, Stangelmayer A, Rolletschek H. An imaging method for oxygen distribution, respiration and photosynthesis at a microscopic level of resolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:926-936. [PMID: 22985120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological samples are far from homogeneous, with complex compartmentation being the norm. Major physiological processes such as respiration do not therefore occur in a uniform manner within most tissues, and it is currently not possible to image its gradients in living plant tissues. A compact fluorescence ratiometric-based device is presented here, consisting of an oxygen-sensitive foil and a USB (universal serial bus) microscope. The sensor foil is placed on the sample surface and, based on the localized change in fluorescence signal over time, information about the oxygen consumption (respiration) or evolution (photosynthesis) can be obtained. Using this imaging technique, it was possible to demonstrate the spatial pattern of oxygen production and consumption at a c. 20-μm level of resolution, and their visualization in the rhizosphere, stem and leaf, and within the developing seed. The oxygen mapping highlighted the vascular tissues as the major stem sink for oxygen. In the leaf, the level of spatial resolution was sufficient to visualize the gas exchange in individual stomata. We conclude that the novel sensor set-up can visualize gradients in oxygen-consuming and producing processes, thereby facilitating the study of the spatial dynamics of respiration and photosynthesis in heterogeneous plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tschiersch
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gregor Liebsch
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Josef-Engert-Strasse 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Achim Stangelmayer
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Josef-Engert-Strasse 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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192
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Zoschke R, Kroeger T, Belcher S, Schöttler MA, Barkan A, Schmitz-Linneweber C. The pentatricopeptide repeat-SMR protein ATP4 promotes translation of the chloroplast atpB/E mRNA. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:547-58. [PMID: 22708543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of chloroplast translation by nuclear gene products makes a major contribution to the control of chloroplast gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We describe a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein in maize, ATP4, that is necessary for translation of the chloroplast atpB open reading frame. We demonstrate that ATP4 associates in vivo with sequences near the 5' end of the unusually long 5' UTR of the atpB/E mRNA, that it facilitates ribosome association with this mRNA, and that it is required for accumulation and activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase. ATP4 is multifunctional, in that it also enhances atpA translation and is required for accumulation of specific processed atpF and psaJ transcripts. ATP4 belongs to a sub-class of PPR proteins that include a small MutS-related (SMR) domain. SMR domains had previously been associated primarily with DNA-related functions, but our findings imply that at least some PPR-SMR proteins can act on RNA. ATP4 is orthologous to the Arabidopsis protein SVR7, but the phenotypes of atp4 and svr7 mutants suggest that the functions of these orthologs have not been strictly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimo Zoschke
- Molekulare Genetik, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
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193
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Roach T, Krieger-Liszkay A. The role of the PsbS protein in the protection of photosystems I and II against high light in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:2158-65. [PMID: 23000078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The PsbS protein is recognised in higher plants as an important component in dissipating excess light energy via its regulation of non-photochemical quenching. We investigated photosynthetic responses in the arabidopsis npq4 mutant, which lacks PsbS, and in a mutant over-expressing PsbS (oePsbS). Growth under low light led to npq4 and wild-type plants being visibly indistinguishable, but induced a phenotype in oePsbS plants, which were smaller and had shorter flowering spikes. Here we report that chloroplasts from npq4 generated more singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) than those from oePsbS. This accompanied a higher extent of photosystem II photoinhibition of leaves from npq4 plants. In contrast, oePsbS was more damaged by high light than npq4 and the wild-type at the level of photosystem I. The plastoquinone pool, as measured by thermoluminescence, was more oxidised in the oePsbS than in npq4, whilst the amount of photo-oxidisable P(700), as probed with actinic light or saturating flashes, was higher in oePsbS compared to wild-type and npq4. Taken together, this indicates that the level of PsbS has a regulatory role in cyclic electron flow. Overall, we show that under high light oePsbS plants were more protected from (1)O(2) at the level of photosystem II, whereas lack of cyclic electron flow rendered them susceptible to damage at photosystem I. Cyclic electron flow is concluded to be essential for protecting photosystem I from high light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Saclay, iBiTec-S, CNRS UMR 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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194
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Collakova E, Yen JY, Senger RS. Are we ready for genome-scale modeling in plants? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 191-192:53-70. [PMID: 22682565 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As it is becoming easier and faster to generate various types of high-throughput data, one would expect that by now we should have a comprehensive systems-level understanding of biology, biochemistry, and physiology at least in major prokaryotic and eukaryotic model systems. Despite the wealth of available data, we only get a glimpse of what is going on at the molecular level from the global perspective. The major reason is the high level of cellular complexity and our limited ability to identify all (or at least important) components and their interactions in virtually infinite number of internal and external conditions. Metabolism can be modeled mathematically by the use of genome-scale models (GEMs). GEMs are in silico metabolic flux models derived from available genome annotation. These models predict the combination of flux values of a defined metabolic network given the influence of internal and external signals. GEMs have been successfully implemented to model bacterial metabolism for over a decade. However, it was not until 2009 when the first GEM for Arabidopsis thaliana cell-suspension cultures was generated. Genome-scale modeling ("GEMing") in plants brings new challenges primarily due to the missing components and complexity of plant cells represented by the existence of: (i) photosynthesis; (ii) compartmentation; (iii) variety of cell and tissue types; and (iv) diverse metabolic responses to environmental and developmental cues as well as pathogens, insects, and competing weeds. This review presents a critical discussion of the advantages of existing plant GEMs, while identifies key targets for future improvements. Plant GEMs tend to be accurate in predicting qualitative changes in selected aspects of central carbon metabolism, while secondary metabolism is largely neglected mainly due to the missing (unknown) genes and metabolites. As such, these models are suitable for exploring metabolism in plants grown in favorable conditions, but not in field-grown plants that have to cope with environmental changes in complex ecosystems. AraGEM is the first GEM describing a photosynthetic and photorespiring plant cell (Arabidopsis thaliana). We demonstrate the use of AraGEM given the current (limited) knowledge of plant metabolism and reveal the unexpected robustness of AraGEM by a series of in silico simulations. The major focus of these simulations is on the assessment of the: (i) network connectivity; (ii) influence of CO₂ and photon uptake rates on cellular growth rates and production of individual biomass components; and (iii) stability of plant central carbon metabolism with internal pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Collakova
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, 308 Latham Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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195
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Yin X, Struik PC. Mathematical review of the energy transduction stoichiometries of C(4) leaf photosynthesis under limiting light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1299-312. [PMID: 22321164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A generalized model for electron (e(-) ) transport limited C(4) photosynthesis of NAD-malic enzyme and NADP-malic enzyme subtypes is presented. The model is used to review the thylakoid stoichiometries in vivo under strictly limiting light conditions, using published data on photosynthetic quantum yield and on photochemical efficiencies of photosystems (PS). Model review showed that cyclic e(-) transport (CET), rather than direct O(2) photoreduction, most likely contributed significantly to the production of extra ATP required for the C(4) cycle. Estimated CET, and non-cyclic e(-) transport supporting processes like nitrogen reduction, accounted for ca. 45 and 7% of total photosystem I (PSI) e(-) fluxes, respectively. The factor for excitation partitioning to photosystem II (PSII) was ca. 0.4. Further model analysis, in terms of the balanced NADPH: ATP ratio required for metabolism, indicated that: (1) the Q-cycle is obligatory; (2) the proton: ATP ratio is 4; and (3) the efficiency of proton pumping per e(-) transferred through the cytochrome b(6) /f complex is the same for CET and non-cyclic pathways. The analysis also gave an approach to theoretically assess CO(2) leakiness from bundle-sheath cells, and projected a leakiness of 0.07-0.16. Compared with C(3) photosynthesis, the most striking C(4) stoichiometry is its high fraction of CET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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196
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Yang S, Zeng X, Li T, Liu M, Zhang S, Gao S, Wang Y, Peng C, Li L, Yang C. AtACDO1, an ABC1-like kinase gene, is involved in chlorophyll degradation and the response to photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3959-73. [PMID: 22447966 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ABC1 (activity of bc1 complex) is a newly discovered atypical kinase in plants. Here, it is reported that an ABC1 protein kinase-encoded gene, AtACDO1 (ABC1-like kinase related to chlorophyll degradation and oxidative stress), located in chloroplasts, was up-regulated by methyl viologen (MV) treatment. AtACDO1 RNAi (RNA interference) plants showed developmental defects, including yellow-green leaves and reduced contents of carotenoids and chlorophyll; the chlorophyll reduction was associated with a change in the numbers of chlorophyll-binding proteins of the photosynthetic complexes. Chlorophyllide (Chlide) a the first product of chlorophyll degradation, and pheophorbide a, a subsequent intermediate of Chlide a degradation, were increased in AtACDO1 RNAi plants. The AtACDO1 RNAi plants were more sensitive to high light and MV than wild-type plants. The AtACDO1 RNAi plants had lower transcript levels of the oxidative stress response genes FSD1, CSD1, CAT1, and UTG71C1 after MV treatment compared with wild-type or 35S::AtACDO1 plants. Taken together, the results suggest that the chloroplast AtACDO1 protein plays important roles in mediating chlorophyll degradation and maintaining the number of chlorophyll-binding photosynthetic thylakoid membranes, as well as in the photooxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songguang Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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197
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Li Z, Gao J, Benning C, Sharkey TD. Characterization of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis ER-to-plastid lipid trafficking mutants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 112:49-61. [PMID: 22446892 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants use two pathways to synthesize galactolipids, the predominant lipid species in chloroplasts-a prokaryotic pathway that resides entirely in the chloroplast, and a eukaryotic pathway that involves assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutants deficient in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway, trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (tgd1-1 and tgd2-1) mutants, had been previously identified with reduced contents of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and altered lipid molecular species composition. Here, we report that the altered lipid composition affected photosynthesis in lipid trafficking mutants. It was found that proton motive force as measured by electrochromic shift was reduced by ~40% in both tgd mutants. This effect was accompanied by an increase in thylakoid conductance attributable to ATPase activity and so the rate of ATP synthesis was nearly unchanged. Thylakoid conductance to ions also increased in tgd mutants. However, gross carbon assimilation in tgd mutants as measured by gas exchange was only marginally affected. Rubisco activity, electron transport rate, and photosystem I and II oxidation status were not altered. Despite the large differences in proton motive force, responses to heat and high light stress were similar between tgd mutants and the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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198
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Ye ZP. Nonlinear optical absorption of photosynthetic pigment molecules in leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 112:31-37. [PMID: 22430129 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical formulation of the relationship between optical absorption coefficient of photosynthetic pigment molecules and light intensity was developed. It showed that physical parameters of photosynthetic pigment molecule (i.e., light absorption cross-section of photosynthetic pigment molecule, its average lifetime in the excited state, total photosynthetic pigment molecules, the statistical weight, or degeneracy of energy level of photosynthetic pigment molecules in the ground state and in the excited state) influenced on both the light absorption coefficient and effective light absorption cross-section of photosynthetic pigment molecules. Moreover, it also showed that both the light absorption coefficient and effective light absorption cross-section of photosynthetic pigment molecules were not constant, they decreased nonlinearly with light intensity increasing. The occupation numbers of photosynthetic pigment molecules in the excited states increased nonlinearly with light intensity increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Piao Ye
- Research Center for Jinggangshan Eco-Environmental Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, People's Republic of China.
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199
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Kliphuis AMJ, Klok AJ, Martens DE, Lamers PP, Janssen M, Wijffels RH. Metabolic modeling of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: energy requirements for photoautotrophic growth and maintenance. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2012; 24:253-266. [PMID: 22427720 PMCID: PMC3289792 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-011-9674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a metabolic network describing the primary metabolism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was constructed. By performing chemostat experiments at different growth rates, energy parameters for maintenance and biomass formation were determined. The chemostats were run at low irradiances resulting in a high biomass yield on light of 1.25 g mol(-1). The ATP requirement for biomass formation from biopolymers (K(x)) was determined to be 109 mmol g(-1) (18.9 mol mol(-1)) and the maintenance requirement (m(ATP)) was determined to be 2.85 mmol g(-1) h(-1). With these energy requirements included in the metabolic network, the network accurately describes the primary metabolism of C. reinhardtii and can be used for modeling of C. reinhardtii growth and metabolism. Simulations confirmed that cultivating microalgae at low growth rates is unfavorable because of the high maintenance requirements which result in low biomass yields. At high light supply rates, biomass yields will decrease due to light saturation effects. Thus, to optimize biomass yield on light energy in photobioreactors, an optimum between low and high light supply rates should be found. These simulations show that metabolic flux analysis can be used as a tool to gain insight into the metabolism of algae and ultimately can be used for the maximization of algal biomass and product yield. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10811-011-9674-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. J. Kliphuis
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne J. Klok
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk E. Martens
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Packo P. Lamers
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Janssen
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - René H. Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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200
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Velikova V, La Mantia T, Lauteri M, Michelozzi M, Nogues I, Loreto F. The impact of winter flooding with saline water on foliar carbon uptake and the volatile fraction of leaves and fruits of lemon (Citrus × limon) trees. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2012; 39:199-213. [PMID: 32480774 DOI: 10.1071/fp11231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the consequences of recurrent winter flooding with saline water on a lemon (Citrus×limon (L.) Burm.f.) orchard, focussing on photosynthesis limitations and emission of secondary metabolites (isoprenoids) from leaves and fruits. Measurements were carried out immediately after flooding (December), at the end of winter (April) and after a dry summer in which plants were irrigated with optimal quality water (September). Photosynthesis was negatively affected by flooding. The effect was still visible at the end of winter, whereas the photosynthetic rate was fully recovered after summer, indicating an unexpected resilience capacity of flooded plants. Photosynthesis inhibition by flooding was not due to diffusive limitations to CO2 entry into the leaf, as indicated by measurements of stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. Biochemical and photochemical limitations seemed to play a more important role in limiting the photosynthesis of flooded plants. In young leaves, characterised by high rates of mitochondrial respiration, respiratory rates were enhanced by flooding. Flooding transiently caused large and rapid emission of several volatile isoprenoids. Emission of limonene, the most abundant compound, was stimulated in the leaves, and in young and mature fruits. Flooding changed the blend of emitted isoprenoids, but only few changes were observed in the stored isoprenoids pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Porano, Terni 05010, Italy
| | - Tommaso La Mantia
- Universita' di Palermo - Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Facoltà di Agraria, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Marco Lauteri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Porano, Terni 05010, Italy
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Isabel Nogues
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Porano, Terni 05010, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
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