151
|
Bann D, Wright L, Goisis A, Hardy R, Johnson W, Maddock J, McElroy E, Moulton V, Patalay P, Scholes S, Silverwood RJ, Ploubidis GB, O’Neill D. Investigating change across time in prevalence or association: the challenges of cross-study comparative research and possible solutions. DISCOVER SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH 2022; 2:18. [PMID: 36317190 PMCID: PMC9613735 DOI: 10.1007/s44155-022-00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross-study research initiatives to understand change across time are an increasingly prominent component of social and health sciences, yet they present considerable practical, analytical and conceptual challenges. First, we discuss the key challenges to comparative research as a basis for detecting societal change, as well as possible solutions. We focus on studies which investigate changes across time in outcome occurrence or the magnitude and/or direction of associations. We discuss the use and importance of such research, study inclusion, sources of bias and mitigation, and interpretation. Second, we propose a structured framework (a checklist) that is intended to provide guidance for future authors and reviewers. Third, we outline a new open-access teaching resource that offers detailed instruction and reusable analytical syntax to guide newcomers on techniques for conducting comparative analysis and data visualisation (in both R and Stata formats). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44155-022-00021-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Liam Wright
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Goisis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - William Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jane Maddock
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eoin McElroy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Vanessa Moulton
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shaun Scholes
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Silverwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - George B. Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dara O’Neill
- Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Harris N, Warbrick I, Fleming T, Borotkanics R, Atkins D, Lubans D. Impact of high-intensity interval training including Indigenous narratives on adolescents' mental health: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:794-799. [PMID: 36259747 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the efficacy of teacher-delivered high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with Indigenous narrative options on the mental health of school students in low-mid socioeconomic areas, compared to standard curriculum physical education practice. METHODS A cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted in eight schools (N=368, age range 11-13 years) over 16 weeks. The primary outcome was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) score. Generalised linear mixed models, controlling for the SDQ at baseline were applied, expressed as β, 95% confidence intervals, standardised effect, and p-value. Focus groups elicited experiences with participating in and delivering the intervention. RESULTS There were no clear effects for SDQ total score (β -0.15, CI -0.98 - 0.67, SE 0.42, p=0.714). Teachers did not deliver the Indigenous narrative options consistently owing to the perceived preparation needed and lack of confidence. CONCLUSIONS HIIT delivered in this manner had no effect on self-perceived psychological difficulty or mental wellbeing in a cohort of young adolescents. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Future research should continue to explore opportunities to improve mental wellbeing via physical activity, but HIIT should not be implemented as a universal intervention for mental health gains alone. Teachers need more support to utilise Indigenous narratives as part of HIIT delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Harris
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Isaac Warbrick
- Taupua Waiora Centre for Māori Health Research, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Theresa Fleming
- Te Herena Waka, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Robert Borotkanics
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Denise Atkins
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - David Lubans
- Centre for Active Living & Learning, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
A Digital Mental Health Intervention for Children and Parents Using a User-Centred Design. ADVANCES IN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4322177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of children with mental health problems is ever-growing; as a result, nearly 850,000 children in the UK are believed to have clinically significant problems, and only a quarter show evidence of mental illness. Family members often have a hard time dealing with children with mental health problems. As a result, digital mental health interventions are becoming popular for people seeking professional mental health services. Previous studies in this area have also shown that parents who are divorced or working away from home struggle to maintain contact with their children. This lack of communication between the parents and their children can worsen the children’s mental health conditions and prevent early diagnosis. Human-centred design thinking is applied step by step in this paper to provide an intuitive understanding of the design process. Five stages of the design thinking process were examined to follow a correct path. The results were promising, and the feedback received assured that the product helps parents to better monitor their children’s mental health and provides support when needed. The design thinking process was followed in concordance with the user needs identified from previous studies in this area, which led to a working solution that benefits both parents and children in tackling these problems.
Collapse
|
154
|
Marquez J, Katsantonis I, Sellers R, Knies G. Life satisfaction and mental health from age 17 to 21 years in a general population sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 36248217 PMCID: PMC9540282 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period when both mental health (MH) and wellbeing start deteriorating, which raises the question of how the two phenomena are linked and whether deterioration in one might be used to flag problematic developments in the other. While research shows that wellbeing and MH are associated, the direction of the association is not clear and longitudinal analyses, that might help disentangle the cause and effect, are scarce. Moreover, few studies have investigated the directional relation between MH and wellbeing early in the life course. In emerging adulthood, evidence indicates reciprocal associations and no gender differences, whereas, in early and middle adolescence, results are mixed and differ across gender. Thus, we investigated the relationship between MH and wellbeing and the moderating effect of gender in the crucial developmental transition from middle adolescence to emerging adulthood. We undertake a cross-lagged longitudinal data analysis from a pooled sample of six pseudo-cohorts, including information from 661 young people who participated in the UK Household Longitudinal Study at ages 17, 19, and 21. Using a 7-points overall life satisfaction (LS) scale as an index of wellbeing and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire as a measure of MH, we found no associations between LS and MH in the 17-19 transition and bidirectional associations in the 19-21 transition. There were no substantial gender differences in either transition. We conclude that LS and MH predict each other in the transition from late adolescence (age 19) to emerging adulthood (age 21) for both males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Marquez
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Ioannis Katsantonis
- Psychology, Education and Learning Studies Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, 184 Hills Rd, CB2 8PQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Sellers
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gundi Knies
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Institute of Rural Studies, Bundesallee 64, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Hafsteinsson Östenberg A, Enberg A, Pojskic H, Gilic B, Sekulic D, Alricsson M. Association between Physical Fitness, Physical Activity Level and Sense of Coherence in Swedish Adolescents; An Analysis of Age and Sex Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12841. [PMID: 36232140 PMCID: PMC9565133 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical fitness, physical activity, and sense of coherence (SOC) in Swedish adolescents (n = 2028 males, n = 1287 females) aged 14 to 18 using a cross-sectional design. METHODS Using the Swedish Physical power Mental harmony and Social capacity (FMS) student profile, participants performed physical tests measuring their cardiovascular ability (CV) and muscular strength. Questionnaires were used to measure physical activity levels (PA), the participation in organized physical training, sedentary behavior (SB), screen time, and SOC value. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the association between SOC and independent variables. RESULTS The regression analyses explained a small, shared variance between SOC and the independent variables in boys (4.3%) and girls (3.3%). SB showed a positive association with SOC both in girls (β = 0.114, p = 0.002) and boys (β = 0.109, p = 0.013). Abdominal strength was positively associated, while VO2max was inversely associated, with SOC (β = 0.113, p = 0.022; β = -0.109, p = 0.026, respectively) in boys. Girls had poorer fitness than boys did across all age groups except at age 18. PA levels decreased from age 14 to 18 in girls and boys, but without differences between sexes. Abdominal strength decreased from age 14 to 18 in girls and boys. In general, girls had lower SOC than boys across all age groups. CONCLUSIONS Poor sedentary behavior was significantly associated with weaker SOC for both genders, indicating overall physical activity as the most important factor for stronger SOC. However, emotional support in vulnerable environments may have a bigger impact than physical activity or sedentary behavior on the SOC value for adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Enberg
- Department of Sport Science, Linnaeus University, 352 95 Kalmar/Växjö, Sweden
| | - Haris Pojskic
- Department of Sport Science, Linnaeus University, 352 95 Kalmar/Växjö, Sweden
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marie Alricsson
- Department of Sport Science, Linnaeus University, 352 95 Kalmar/Växjö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Finning K, White J, Toth K, Golden S, Melendez-Torres GJ, Ford T. Longer-term effects of school-based counselling in UK primary schools. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1591-1599. [PMID: 33990854 PMCID: PMC8121011 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Children's mental health is deteriorating while access to child and adolescent mental health services is decreasing. Recent UK policy has focused on schools as a setting for the provision of mental health services, and counselling is the most common type of school-based mental health provision. This study examined the longer-term effectiveness of one-to-one school-based counselling delivered to children in UK primary schools. Data were drawn from a sample of children who received school-based counselling in the UK in the 2015/16 academic year, delivered by a national charitable organisation. Mental health was assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and approximately 1 year post-intervention, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by teachers and parents. Paired t tests compared post-intervention and follow-up SDQ total difficulties scores with baseline values. Propensity score matching was then used to identify a comparator group of children from a national population survey, and linear mixed effects models compared trajectories of SDQ scores in the two groups. In the intervention group, teacher and parent SDQ total difficulties scores were lower at post-intervention and longer-term follow-up compared to baseline (teacher: baseline 14.42 (SD 7.18); post-intervention 11.09 (6.93), t(739) = 13.78, p < 0.001; follow-up 11.27 (7.27), t(739) = 11.92, p < 0.001; parent: baseline 15.64 (6.49); post-intervention 11.90 (6.78), t(361 = 11.29, p < 0.001); follow-up 11.32 (7.19), t(361) = 11.29, p < 0.001). The reduction in SDQ scores was greater in the intervention compared to the comparator group (likelihood ratio test comparing models with time only versus time plus group-by-time interaction: χ2 (3) = 24.09, p < 0.001), and model-predicted SDQ scores were lower in the intervention than comparator group for 2 years post-baseline. A one-to-one counselling intervention delivered to children in UK primary schools predicted improvements in mental health that were maintained over a 2 year follow-up period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Finning
- University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
157
|
Treanor M, Troncoso P. Poverty, parental work intensity and child emotional and conduct problems. Soc Sci Med 2022; 312:115373. [PMID: 36152585 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Poverty is known to be associated with poorer child mental wellbeing. Relatedly, the security and quality of employment are reported to affect adult wellbeing. Less is known about how both poverty and parental employment affect children's mental wellbeing. This paper uses nine waves (2005/06-2017/18) of the Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) study to examine how the longitudinal trajectories of poverty and work intensity are associated with the longitudinal trajectories of mental wellbeing in a nationally representative sample of 3994 children (ages 0 to 12). This analysis was conducted via a bivariate multilevel non-linear growth curve model for the widely used Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) subscales of conduct problems and emotional symptoms. Results show that unstable work intensity and poverty trajectories arising from the 2008 financial crisis are associated with substantial changes in the trajectories of conduct and emotional problems, but with key differences between the individual outcomes: increasing work intensity is associated with around a fifth of a standard deviation increase in conduct problems; decreasing work intensity over time is associated with around a fifth of a standard deviation increase in emotional problems; material deprivation is associated with an increase in both conduct and emotional problems, at around a tenth of a standard deviation; and longitudinal income poverty trajectories are associated with up to around a fifth of a standard deviation increase in conduct problems, but not emotional symptoms. These findings are discussed with the purpose of informing policies to tackle the effects of unstable and/or changing socioeconomic circumstances on children's mental health wellbeing in the context of an economic crisis, as well as its implications for the contemporary socioeconomic landscape and the devastating effects expected of the COVID-19 crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morag Treanor
- Institute for Social Policy, Housing, Equalities Research, Heriot-Watt University, UK
| | - Patricio Troncoso
- Institute for Social Policy, Housing, Equalities Research, Heriot-Watt University, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Ofili S, Thompson L, Wilson P, Marryat L, Connelly G, Henderson M, Barry SJE. Mapping Geographic Trends in Early Childhood Social, Emotional, and Behavioural Difficulties in Glasgow: 2010-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11520. [PMID: 36141789 PMCID: PMC9516987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Measuring variation in childhood mental health supports the development of local early intervention strategies. The methodological approach used to investigate mental health trends (often determined by the availability of individual level data) can affect decision making. We apply two approaches to identify geographic trends in childhood social, emotional, and behavioural difficulties using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). SDQ forms were analysed for 35,171 children aged 4-6 years old across 180 preschools in Glasgow, UK, between 2010 and 2017 as part of routine monitoring. The number of children in each electoral ward and year with a high SDQ total difficulties score (≥15), indicating a high risk of psychopathology, was modelled using a disease mapping model. The total difficulties score for an individual child nested in their preschool and electoral ward was modelled using a multilevel model. For each approach, linear time trends and unstructured spatial random effects were estimated. The disease mapping model estimated a yearly rise in the relative rate (RR) of high scores of 1.5-5.0%. The multilevel model estimated an RR increase of 0.3-1.2% in average total scores across the years, with higher variation between preschools than between electoral wards. Rising temporal trends may indicate worsening social, emotional, and behavioural difficulties over time, with a faster rate for the proportion with high scores than for the average total scores. Preschool and ward variation, although minimal, highlight potential priority areas for local service provision. Both methodological approaches have utility in estimating and predicting children's difficulties and local areas requiring greater intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ofili
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Lucy Thompson
- Centre for Rural Health, Centre for Health Science, University of Aberdeen, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Philip Wilson
- Centre for Rural Health, Centre for Health Science, University of Aberdeen, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Louise Marryat
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HJ, UK
| | - Graham Connelly
- School of Social Work and Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LT, UK
| | - Marion Henderson
- School of Social Work and Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LT, UK
| | - Sarah J. E. Barry
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
O'Reilly A, McKenna N, Fitzgerald A. Measuring goal progress using the goal-based outcome measure in Jigsaw - A primary care youth mental health service. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:238-245. [PMID: 34176209 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jigsaw is a primary care youth mental health service designed to increase access to and utilisation of mental health supports for 12- to 25-year-olds. Effectiveness in community youth mental health services is typically assessed using standardised instruments. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Jigsaw's brief intervention model of support using an idiographic tool, the goal-based outcome (GBO) measure. The study also aimed to explore the type of goals set by young people engaging with this service. METHOD The study sample consisted of a secondary dataset of 4839 young people aged 12-25 years (63.5% female, 36.5% male) who engaged with one of Jigsaw's 13 brief intervention services. Overall, 7366 goals set using the GBO were examined. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to examine the type of goals set by young people, and inferential analyses were used to examine statistical and reliable changes in goal progress. RESULTS The goals young people set focused on developing coping mechanisms and personal growth and managing interpersonal difficulties. Mean scores for progress towards goals improved significantly from pre- to postintervention. The reliable change index (RCI) indicated that change greater than 2.82 points represents reliable change on the GBO, with 78.6% of young people showing reliable improvement. Demographic characteristics did not impact goal progress. CONCLUSION These findings suggest Jigsaw's brief intervention model of support is effective in assisting young people reach their goals and that the GBO is a suitable measure for young people attending a community-based youth mental health service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen O'Reilly
- Jigsaw - The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Niamh McKenna
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
160
|
Thapar A, Eyre O, Patel V, Brent D. Depression in young people. Lancet 2022; 400:617-631. [PMID: 35940184 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression rates in young people have risen sharply in the past decade, especially in females, which is of concern because adolescence is a period of rapid social, emotional, and cognitive development and key life transitions. Adverse outcomes associated with depression in young people include depression recurrence; the onset of other psychiatric disorders; and wider, protracted impairments in interpersonal, social, educational, and occupational functioning. Thus, prevention and early intervention for depression in young people are priorities. Preventive and early intervention strategies typically target predisposing factors, antecedents, and symptoms of depression. Young people who have a family history of depression, exposure to social stressors (eg, bullying, discordant relationships, or stressful life events), and belong to certain subgroups (eg, having a chronic physical health problem or being a sexual minority) are at especially high risk of depression. Clinical antecedents include depressive symptoms, anxiety, and irritability. Evidence favours indicated prevention and targeted prevention to universal prevention. Emerging school-based and community-based social interventions show some promise. Depression is highly heterogeneous; therefore, a stepwise treatment approach is recommended, starting with brief psychosocial interventions, then a specific psychological therapy, and then an antidepressant medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Olga Eyre
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Serra G, De Crescenzo F, Maisto F, Galante JR, Iannoni ME, Trasolini M, Maglio G, Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ, Vicari S. Suicidal behavior in juvenile bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:572-581. [PMID: 35588913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess rates and lethality of suicidal behavior in studies of children and adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS This PROSPERO-registered protocol (CRD-42019159676) systematically reviewed reports on suicidal behavior among juveniles (age ≤ 18 years), and pooled data on risk (% of subjects) and rates (%/year), followed by random-effects meta-analysis and multivariable linear regression modeling. RESULTS Included were 41 reports (1995-2020) from 15 countries involving 104,801 juveniles (102,519 diagnosed with MDD, 2282 with BD), at risk for 0.80-12.5 years. Meta-analytically pooled suicide attempter-rates averaged 7.44%/year [95%CI: 5.63-9.25] with BD and 6.27%/year [5.13-7.41] with MDD. Meta-analysis of 5 studies with both diagnostic groups found significantly greater attempt risk with BD vs. MDD (OR = 1.59 [1.24-2.05], p < 0.0001). In 6 studies, suicide rate with juvenile mood disorders averaged 125 [56.9-236]/100,000/year, similar to adult rates, >30-times greater than in the general juvenile population, and higher among older adolescents. The ratio of attempts/suicides (A/S) was 52.6 among mood-disordered juveniles, indicating greater lethality than among juveniles in the general population (A/S ≥ 250), but somewhat less than in the estimated adult general population (A/S ca. 30). CONCLUSIONS Rates of suicide attempts in juveniles with a major mood disorder averaged 6580/100,000/year, were greater in BD versus MDD observed under the same conditions, and greater with shorter periods of observation. Lethality (fatalities per suicide attempt) was greater in juveniles diagnosed with major affective disorders than in the juvenile general population, but less than in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Serra
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy; International Consortium for Mood & Psychotic Disorders Research, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | | | - Francesco Maisto
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e delle Patologie da Dipendenza, ASL-FR, Frosinone, Italy
| | - João R Galante
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Maria Elena Iannoni
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Trasolini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gino Maglio
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tondo
- International Consortium for Mood & Psychotic Disorders Research, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross J Baldessarini
- International Consortium for Mood & Psychotic Disorders Research, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Cosma A, Költő A, Chzhen Y, Kleszczewska D, Kalman M, Martin G. Measurement Invariance of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index: Evidence from 15 European Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9798. [PMID: 36011429 PMCID: PMC9407912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The World Health Organization (WHO)-5 Well-Being Index has been used in many epidemiological studies to assess adolescent mental well-being. However, cross-country comparisons of this instrument among adolescents are scarce and, so far, no good-fitting, common invariant measurement model across countries has been reported. The present study aims to evaluate and establish a version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index that allows for a valid cross-country comparison of adolescent self-reported mental well-being. (2) Methods: Using data from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, we evaluated the measurement model and measurement invariance of the five items of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. We used nationally representative samples of 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old adolescents (N = 74,071) from fifteen countries and regions in Europe. Measurement invariance of the WHO-5 was assessed using a series (country, gender, and age) of multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. In addition, we evaluated the convergent validity of the measure by testing its correlations with psychosomatic complaints, life satisfaction, and self-rated health. (3) Results: We found that WHO-5 does not show good psychometric properties or good measurement invariance fit. However, by excluding the first item of the scale ("I have felt cheerful and in good spirits"), the WHO-4, consisting of the other four original items, had good psychometric properties, and demonstrated good suitability for cross-national comparisons (as well as age and gender) in adolescent mental well-being. (4) Conclusions: The present study introduces the WHO-4-a revised version of the WHO-5-, that allows for a valid comparison of mental well-being across fifteen countries and regions in Europe. The WHO-4 proved to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess mental well-being in the adolescent population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, D01 Dublin, Ireland
| | - András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Yekaterina Chzhen
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, D01 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gina Martin
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors and School-Related Conditions and Symptoms of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Upper Secondary School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159575. [PMID: 35954932 PMCID: PMC9368663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and school-related conditions, and symptoms of mental health problems in Norwegian upper secondary school students following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study design we used a binary logistic regression model to evaluate potential associations between the predictors and dependent variable. Results: The following six predictors had a statistically significant impact on symptoms of mental health problems; gender effect of being a girl (p < 0.001), self-perceived body image (p < 0.001), sleep problems (p < 0.001), dietary habits (p = 0.033), school satisfaction (p = 0.013), and satisfaction with physical education (PE) class participation (p = 0.025). Conclusions: Being a girl was associated with a 315% higher probability of reporting symptoms of mental health problems than boys, whereas one unit increase in sleep problems showed a 192% higher probability of symptoms of mental health problems. Furthermore, a one unit increase on the respective beneficial predictors’ scales was associated with the following percentage having a lower probability of reporting symptoms of mental health problems; self-perceived body image (59%), dietary habits (58%), school satisfaction (82%), and satisfaction with PE class participation (68%).
Collapse
|
164
|
Brannigan R, Gil-Hernández CJ, McEvoy O, Cronin F, Stanistreet D, Layte R. Digital engagement and its association with adverse psychiatric symptoms: A longitudinal cohort study utilizing latent class analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
165
|
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental healthcare consultations among children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide registry study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 32:1025-1035. [PMID: 35896740 PMCID: PMC9330988 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions may have affected children and adolescent's mental health adversely. We cast light on this question using primary and specialist consultations data for the entire population of children of age 6-19 years in Norway (N = 908 272). Our outcomes are the monthly likelihood of having a consultation or hospitalization related to mental health problems and common mental health diagnoses. We compared a pandemic (2019-2021) to a pre-pandemic (2017-2019) cohort using event study and difference-in-difference designs that separate the shock of the pandemic from linear period trends and seasonal variation. We found temporary reductions in all mental health consultations during lockdown in spring 2020. In fall 2020 and winter 2021, consultation volumes in primary care increased, stabilizing at a higher level in 2021. Consultations in specialist care increased from spring 2021. Our findings could suggest a worsening of mental health among adolescents.
Collapse
|
166
|
Last BS, Schriger SH, Becker-Haimes EM, Fernandez-Marcote S, Dallard N, Jones B, Beidas RS. Economic Precarity, Financial Strain, and Job-Related Stress Among Philadelphia's Public Mental Health Clinicians. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:774-786. [PMID: 34839673 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Efforts to improve mental health treatment delivery come at a time of rising inequality and cuts or insufficient increases to mental health funding. Public mental health clinicians face increased demands, experience economic stress, and treat underresourced patients disproportionately burdened by trauma. The authors sought to understand clinicians' current economic and psychological conditions and the relationship of these conditions to the delivery of an evidence-based intervention (EBI) designed to treat posttraumatic stress disorder among youths. METHODS In July 2020, 49 public mental health clinicians from 16 Philadelphia clinics who were trained in an EBI, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), were surveyed by e-mail. Respondents reported on their economic precarity, financial strain, burnout, secondary traumatic stress (i.e., the stress response associated with caring for people exposed to trauma), and TF-CBT use. Associations between clinicians' job-related stressors and their use of TF-CBT were examined with mixed models. Content coding was used to organize clinicians' open-ended responses to questions regarding financial strain related to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Clinicians' economic precarity, financial strain, and job-related stress were high; 37% of clinicians were independent contractors, 44% of whom wanted a salaried position. Of 37 clinicians with education debt, 38% reported owing ≥$100,000. In the past year, 29% of clinicians reported lack of personal mental health care because of cost, and 22% met the cutoff for experiencing secondary traumatic stress symptoms. Education debt was negatively associated with use of TF-CBT (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The stress of providing care in underresourced clinical settings may interfere with efforts to integrate scientific evidence into mental health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana S Last
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Simone H Schriger
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Emily M Becker-Haimes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Sara Fernandez-Marcote
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Natalie Dallard
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Bryanna Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Rinad S Beidas
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Roman-Juan J, Roy R, Jensen MP, Miró J. The Explanatory Role of Sedentary Screen Time and Obesity in the Increase of Chronic Back Pain among European Adolescents: The HBSC Study 2002-2014. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:1781-1789. [PMID: 35761772 PMCID: PMC9543407 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous research has shown that chronic back pain amongst European adolescents is increasing. Determining the factors associated with this increasing trend is crucial for developing prevention strategies. In this study, we used data from the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) survey to examine whether increases in screen time and/or obesity between 2002 and 2014 were associated with the increase in the prevalence of chronic back pain amongst European adolescents during the 12‐year period. Methods Data from 423,092 adolescents from 27 European countries/regions were drawn from the HBSC questionnaire‐based surveys conducted in 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014. The Karlson–Holm–Breen method was used to examine the explanatory role of increases in screen time and obesity on the increase in the prevalence of chronic back pain whilst controlling for sex and age. Results Increases in both screen time and obesity between 2002 and 2014 were associated with increases in the prevalence of chronic back pain (p < 0.001). The percent of chronic back pain prevalence increase accounted for by screen time and obesity was 3.98% and 1.65%, respectively. Conclusions The increase in the prevalence of chronic back pain amongst European adolescents may be explained, in part, by the rising trends in both sedentary screen time and obesity. The fact that screen time and obesity only accounted for a small part of the increase in the prevalence of chronic back pain indicates that other unmeasured factors also play a role. Significance More screen time and obesity are slightly associated with more chronic back pain (CBP) prevalence in adolescents across the WHO European Region. The findings may be used to identify ways to prevent or reduce the rising trend of CBP in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Roman-Juan
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Roy
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mark P Jensen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jordi Miró
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
The Role of Psychological Inflexibility and Experiential Approach on Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: An Exploratory Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12070201. [PMID: 35877271 PMCID: PMC9311625 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health problems during childhood and adolescence is on the rise. There is a growing interest in the examination of personal variables that may function as risk factors and that may be targeted for effective intervention. This study explores the relationships amongst different aspects of psychological inflexibility (one, typically studied, focusing on the individual’s responding to unwanted emotions and cognitions, and another, more recently explored, focusing on the individual’s responding to desired thoughts and affective states), emotional intelligence, and mental health symptoms. A total of 129 school-going children (mean age: 11.16 years old) completed a battery of instruments comprising the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire-Youth (AFQ-Y17), the Experiential Approach Scale (EAS), the Emotional Intelligence Quotient Inventory (EQi-YV), and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30). Results showed that both the AFQ-Y17 score and an EAS subscale score (Anxious Clinging) were significant independent predictors of mental health symptoms in general. Emotional intelligence was predictive only for depression, and both the AFQ-Y17 and the Anxious Clinging EAS subscale significantly incremented the predictive power of a hierarchical linear regression model including all three variables. These results underscore the relevance of psychological inflexibility for child/adolescent mental health, and the need to further explore a specific aspect of inflexibility regarding positive emotions and other appetitive private events.
Collapse
|
169
|
Larson RW, Orson CN, McGovern G. Responding to Teenagers’ Emotional Meltdowns: How Outward Bound Instructors Facilitate Development of Anxiety Management Skills. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584221099599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rates of intense anxiety among teenagers have risen dramatically, a major concern. Outward Bound (OB), a wilderness expedition program that promotes learning through challenge experiences, is found to help youth decrease anxiety. To understand how program staff support this learning, we asked 30 OB instructors to describe their successful work with a youth following an intense anxiety episode (a “meltdown”). Using grounded theory analyses we identified eight practices OB instructors employed that facilitated the youth’s emotional learning. Examples include: helping them open up to examine their emotions, providing tools for detecting and regulating rising anxiety, and instructor-youth co-planning to manage upcoming anxiety-inducing situations. The analyses also revealed the intentionality in each practice: when it was used, its goals, strategies employed, and how each facilitated youth’s active emotional learning. Youth’s learning processes across practices evolved from being instructor-initiated to youth-driven. The skills youth learned progressed from understanding emotions, to controlling imminent anxiety, to controlling anxiety about future situations, to taking responsibility for the impact of their emotions on others. These OB practices, we suggest, can be flexibly adapted to other youth development settings to help teens build competencies to manage anxiety, including when taking on new demanding challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina McGovern
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, USA
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Gao Q, Zheng H, Sun R, Lu S. Parent-adolescent relationships, peer relationships, and adolescent mobile phone addiction: The mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107260. [PMID: 35151093 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have shown that parent-adolescent relationships and peer relationships may be important factors associated with adolescent mobile phone addiction (MPA). The present study aims to further explore the direct effects of parent-adolescent and peer relationships on adolescent MPA as well as the indirect effects through the mediating roles of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs satisfaction. METHODS Our sample consisted of 1766 Chinese adolescents (53.10% male; Mage = 13.33, SD = 1.94, range from 10 to 18 years) who completed questionnaires regarding parent-adolescent relationships, peer relationships, psychological needs satisfaction, and MPA. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze correlations among variables and Mplus 7.4 was used to test the structural equation model in this study. RESULTS (1) positive parent-adolescent relationships were negatively associated with adolescent MPA, while peer relationships did not show a significant association with MPA; (2) autonomy and competence needs satisfaction significantly mediated the effects of parent-adolescent and peer relationships on MPA, while the mediating role of relatedness need satisfaction between parent-adolescent and peer relationships and MPA was not significant; (3) the mediating effect of competence need satisfaction between peer relationships and MPA was significantly stronger than that between parent-adolescent relationships and MPA. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the different mechanisms by which parent-adolescent and peer relationships influence adolescent MPA. These discoveries may contribute to intervention and prevention programs for adolescent MPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Gao
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruimei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Sihan Lu
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
The Mediating Role of School and Sibling Bullying in the Relationship between Subjective Well-Being and Mental Health Symptoms. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, empirical studies have indicated an association between well-being and mental health. The nature of this association remains unclear since some studies suggest it is weak, whilst others indicate it is strong. The present study seeks to contribute to this dialogue by modelling not only the relationship between well-being and internalising and externalising mental health symptoms but also by introducing a mediation model where school and sibling bullying, as risk factors, are acting as mediators. A national sample of 1244 youth (Mage = 12.47, SD = 1.69) from the Understanding Society household panel study in the UK was utilised to estimate the structural equation model. The findings showed that the direct effect of well-being on internalising symptoms was negative and strong, whereas it was negative and moderate on externalising symptoms. Furthermore, the pattern of indirect effects from subjective well-being to internalising and externalising mental health symptoms displayed some differences in the level of statistical significance and strength. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Collapse
|
172
|
O'Reilly A, O'Brien G, Moore J, Duffy J, Longmore P, Cullinan S, McGrory S. Evolution of Jigsaw - a National Youth Mental Health Service. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:561-567. [PMID: 34464507 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM There has been a global movement towards transformation of youth mental health services, but limited information on the core principles and characteristics of these new services is available. Jigsaw is one such service, established in Ireland in 2006, with the intent of creating change in Ireland's system of mental healthcare for 12-25 year olds. The aim of this paper is to describe the evolution of Jigsaw services, which are now firmly embedded in the Irish system of care for young people, and recognized internationally as an established service network. METHODS This paper describes provides an up-to-date description of the Jigsaw service model, key areas of evolution that have shaped this model, and identifies future directions in service development. RESULTS Key attributes of the Jigsaw service model including therapeutic service, scope of practice, youth mental health promotion, youth participation, and monitoring/evaluation are described in this paper. Information on key enablers (funding and governance/quality) and service providers is also included. CONCLUSIONS Information on the core principles and characteristics of youth mental health services is important. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by describing the Jigsaw service model, which continues to evolve so that it is responsive to the needs of young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen O'Reilly
- Jigsaw-The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gillian O'Brien
- Jigsaw-The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeff Moore
- Jigsaw-The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Duffy
- Jigsaw-The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Longmore
- Jigsaw-The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Cullinan
- Jigsaw-The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán McGrory
- Jigsaw-The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Pierret ACS, Anderson JK, Ford TJ, Burn AM. Review: Education and training interventions, and support tools for school staff to adequately respond to young people who disclose self-harm - a systematic literature review of effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:161-172. [PMID: 33277965 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm among young people is a major public health concern, and whilst schools are well placed to identify and intervene with students who self-harm, the literature shows that school staff lack training and confidence in this area. This systematic review investigated the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of training interventions and support tools intended to equip school staff with skills and knowledge to adequately respond to students' disclosure of self-harm. METHOD References for this review were identified through systematic searches of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, ERIC, ASSIA and British Education Index on with search terms 'self-harm', 'training', 'school staff' and 'young people'. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse qualitative data. RESULTS We found that all eight included studies evaluated interventions/tools that were highly effective in terms of an increase in knowledge, skills and confidence of staff in responding to self-harming youth. Acceptability was good with high levels of satisfaction and perceived benefit by staff, though data on feasibility of the interventions were lacking. Limitations of the studies included a paucity of follow-up data, and lack of data relating to student outcomes and actual changes in staff practice in schools. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this review indicate that more evidence is needed to determine the effectiveness, acceptability and feasibility of interventions/tools for school staff addressing self-harm. Further studies should focus on maintaining knowledge, confidence and comfort levels over time, and determine the feasibility of interventions/tools with different staff cohorts and across school settings, as well as address outcomes for students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aureliane C S Pierret
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tamsin J Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Burn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Bortes C, Nilsson K, Strandh M. Associations between children's diagnosed mental disorders and educational achievements in Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:1140-1147. [PMID: 35416111 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221089056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine associations between multiple clinically diagnosed mental disorders among children in Sweden and educational achievements at the end of ninth grade. METHODS Data from Swedish administrative registers were utilised. Diagnoses of specific mental disorders (unipolar depression, mood, anxiety, obsessive compulsive, eating, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were used as exposure variables. Educational achievements were assessed in terms of teacher-assigned school grades and eligibility for upper secondary education. The sample comprised 266,664 individuals (49% females) born in 2000 to 2002 who were alive and resident in Sweden in 2017. Exposed and unexposed individuals were compared in terms of outcome variables by fitting linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS The results revealed negative associations between all the examined mental disorders and educational achievements, except for positive associations between eating disorders and grades among female students. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most strongly associated disorder in terms of non-successful completion of compulsory education, among both male and female students (odds ratio (OR): 3.58 (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.42 to 3.74) and 4.31 (95% CI, 4.07 to 4.57), respectively). This was followed by unipolar depression among males (OR: 2.92 (95% CI, 2.60 to 3.28)) and anxiety disorder among females (OR: 2.68 (95% CI, 2.49 to 2.88)). Obsessive compulsive disorder had the weakest negative association with educational achievements among both males (OR: 1.48 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.17)) and females (OR: 1.38 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.72)). CONCLUSIONS Specific diagnosed mental disorders have varying, largely disadvantageous, associations with educational achievements of students in Sweden that differ between males and females.
Collapse
|
175
|
Albright G, Fazel M, Khalid N, McMillan J, Hilty D, Shockley K, Joshi S. High School Educator Training by Simulation to Address Emotional and Behavioral Concerns in School Settings: A Randomized Study. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022; 7:277-289. [PMID: 35372668 PMCID: PMC8959801 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-022-00243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of an online virtual human role-play simulation in teaching high school educators and staff to identify, talk to, and if necessary, refer students in psychological distress to support services. High school educators (N = 31,144) from 43 US states and 5 American territories completed a baseline survey and then randomly assigned to a wait-list control or treatment group. Participants in the treatment group completed the training simulation which included active learning strategies to teach evidenced-based communication strategies such as motivational interviewing to build skills and shift attitudes. Immediately after the training, treatment group participants completed a post-survey and then a 3-month follow-up survey. Baseline and post-surveys included the validated gatekeeper behavior scale measures which assess attitudinal constructs that predict helping behaviors. Self-reported helping behaviors were collected at baseline from both groups and at the 3-month follow-up for the treatment group. The treatment group participants' post and follow-up data were compared to the control group's baseline measures. The treatment group post-training scores were significantly higher (p < .001) than the control group's baseline scores for all gatekeeper behavior scale attitudinal constructs of preparedness, likelihood, and self-efficacy to engage in helping behaviors. A teacher subsample reported significant increases (p < .001) in the number of students referred to mental health support services when compared to baseline measures of the control group. Role-play simulations hold promise in teaching educators to become the "eyes and ears" of student mental health by empowering them to identify students in psychological distress, engage them in effective conversations about their concerns, and if necessary, make a referral to behavioral health support services. Future studies need to implement measures that document students entering counseling as a result of self-reported referrals and examine the impact of the training on the overall mental health culture within schools. Such studies could lead to simulations being widely adopted to support public health initiatives that address student mental health and wellness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Albright
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, One Bernard Baruch Way, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Mina Fazel
- Medical Services Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikita Khalid
- Educational Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Jeremiah McMillan
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Don Hilty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, 2230 Stockton Boulevard, DavisSacramento, CA USA
| | - Kristen Shockley
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Shashank Joshi
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5719 USA
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Mansfield R, Santos J, Deighton J, Hayes D, Velikonja T, Boehnke JR, Patalay P. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health: a natural experiment. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211114. [PMID: 35601452 PMCID: PMC9043696 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread concern about the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health, there remains limited empirical evidence that can causally attribute changes to the pandemic. The current study aimed to overcome existing methodological limitations by exploiting a serendipitously occurring natural experiment within two ongoing, multi-phase cluster randomized controlled trials. Depressive symptoms (primary outcome), externalizing difficulties and life satisfaction (secondary outcomes) were assessed at baseline (phase 1 [pre-COVID-19 group]: September - October 2018, phase 2 [COVID-19 group]: September - October 2019) and 1-year follow-up (pre-COVID-19 group: January - March 2020, COVID-19 group: February - April 2021). Participants in phase 1 (N = 6419) acted as controls. In phase 2, participants (N = 5031) were exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic between the baseline and follow-up assessments providing a natural experimental design. The primary analysis used a random intercept linear multivariable regression model with phase (exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic) included as the key predictor while controlling for baseline scores and individual and school-level covariates. Depressive symptoms were higher and life satisfaction scores lower in the group exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Had the COVID-19 pandemic not occurred, we estimate that there would be 6% fewer adolescents with high depressive symptoms. No effect of exposure to the pandemic on externalizing difficulties was found. Exploratory analyses to examine subgroup differences in impacts suggest that the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health may have been greater for females than males. Given the widespread concern over rising adolescent mental health difficulties prior to the pandemic, this paper quantifies the additional impacts of the pandemic. A properly resourced, multi-level, multi-sector public health approach for improving adolescent mental health is necessary. Following in-principle acceptance, the approved Stage 1 version of this manuscript was preregistered on the OSF at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B25DH. This preregistration was performed prior to data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Mansfield
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joao Santos
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jessica Deighton
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, UCL and Anna Freud National Centre for Children, and Families, London, UK
| | - Daniel Hayes
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, UCL and Anna Freud National Centre for Children, and Families, London, UK
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tjasa Velikonja
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, UCL and Anna Freud National Centre for Children, and Families, London, UK
| | - Jan R. Boehnke
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Sun X, Wang ZJ, Li YY, Chan KQ, Miao XY, Zhao S, Wu YQ, Li Z, Wu BM. Trends of college students' mental health from 2005 to 2019 and its rural-urban disparities in China. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:160-169. [PMID: 35033592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Zuo-Jun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Kai Qin Chan
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Yan Miao
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China; Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Bei-Min Wu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Askari MS, Rutherford CG, Mauro PM, Kreski NT, Keyes KM. Structure and trends of externalizing and internalizing psychiatric symptoms and gender differences among adolescents in the US from 1991 to 2018. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:737-748. [PMID: 34773140 PMCID: PMC8589095 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to estimate the structure of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and potential time dynamics in their association. This is understudied among adolescents, despite increasing internalizing and decreasing externalizing symptoms in recent years. METHODS We analyzed data from US Monitoring the Future cross-sectional surveys (1991-2018) representative of school-attending adolescents (N = 304,542). Exploratory factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation method and promax rotation resulted in a two-factor solution (factor correlation r = 0.24) that differentiated eight internalizing and seven conduct-related externalizing symptoms. Time-varying effect modification linear regression models estimated the association between standardized internalizing and externalizing symptoms factor scores over time overall and by gender. RESULTS In 2012, trends in average factor scores diverged for internalizing and externalizing factors. The average standardized internalizing factor score increased from - 0.03 in 2012 to 0.06 in 2013 and the average externalizing factor score decreased from - 0.06 in 2011 to - 0.13 in 2012. We found that for every one-unit increase in standardized internalizing factor score, standardized externalizing factor score increased by 0.224 units in 2010 (95% CI: 0.215, 0.233); the magnitude of this increase was 22.3% lower in 2018 (i.e., 0.174 units; 95% CI: 0.160, 0.188). Decoupling of internalizing and externalizing symptoms began earlier among boys (~ 1995) than among girls (~ 2010). CONCLUSION The decoupling of internalizing and externalizing symptoms among adolescents suggests that changes in the prevalence of shared risk factors for adolescent psychiatric symptoms affect these dimensions in opposing directions, raising the importance of considering symptoms and their risk factors together in prevention and intervention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Askari
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Caroline G Rutherford
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Pia M Mauro
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Noah T Kreski
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Wales M, Mårtensson F, Hoff E, Jansson M. Elevating the Role of the Outdoor Environment for Adolescent Wellbeing in Everyday Life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:774592. [PMID: 35310273 PMCID: PMC8928541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.774592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of concerns about adolescent mental health, there is a need to identify and examine potential pathways to wellbeing in their daily lives. Outdoor environments can offer multiple pathways to wellbeing through opportunities for restoration, physical activity and socialising. However, urbanisation and new lifestyles revolving around the home and the internet are changing young people's access, use and relationship to the outdoor environment. The authors point out how the research related to adolescents' outdoor environments is generally not treated with the same level of importance or as comprehensively as that for younger children. The aim of this paper is to pave the way for research and planning initiatives on everyday outdoor environments promoting the wellbeing of adolescents and the authors suggest ways in which perspectives from developmental psychology might inform the study of adolescents' outdoor environments. The paper concludes by calling for an elevated focus on the role of outdoor environments in adolescents' everyday lives as a source of wellbeing and more research that makes clear the specific attributes, activities and experiences related to places outdoors which make adolescents feel good.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wales
- Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Fredrika Mårtensson
- Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Eva Hoff
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Märit Jansson
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Troy D, Anderson J, Jessiman PE, Albers PN, Williams JG, Sheard S, Geijer-Simpson E, Spencer L, Kaner E, Limmer M, Viner R, Kidger J. What is the impact of structural and cultural factors and interventions within educational settings on promoting positive mental health and preventing poor mental health: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:524. [PMID: 35300632 PMCID: PMC8927746 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health (MH) difficulties are on the increase among children and young people (CYP). Evidence has shown that educational settings contain both risk and protective factors for MH. This review investigated which structural and cultural factors and interventions within educational settings promote positive MH and prevent poor MH in 4–18 year olds. Searches were conducted in PsychINFO, Embase, ERIC, ASSIA and British Education Index, and reference lists from key studies and relevant systematic reviews were hand-searched. Intervention, cohort, and qualitative studies were included. Of the 62 included papers, 36 examined cultural factors (30 social/relational and six value-related) while 12 studies examined structural factors (eight organisational and four physical) and 14 studies examined multiple factors. There was strong evidence for the impact of positive classroom management techniques, access to physical activity, and peer mentoring on student MH. Studies examining the impact of positive school culture, teacher training in MH and parent involvement in school MH activities also found predominantly positive results for student MH, albeit the evidence was of lower quality or from a low number of studies. Few studies explicitly examined the impact of interventions on MH inequalities; those that did indicated limited if any reduction to inequalities. A very small number of studies suggested that interventions targeting those at risk of poor MH due to socioeconomic factors could successfully improve wellbeing and reduce depression, anxiety and behavioural problems. Studies exploring the effect of management and leadership strategies within schools, policies, and aspects of the physical environment other than green space were scarce or absent in the literature. This review highlights the need to consider the ways in which educational settings are organised, the culture that is created and the physical space in order to improve the MH of CYP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Troy
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Joanna Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia E Jessiman
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Patricia N Albers
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joanna G Williams
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Liam Spencer
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Mark Limmer
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Russell Viner
- Population, Policy and Practice Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Judi Kidger
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Wilson S, Dumornay NM. Rising Rates of Adolescent Depression in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities in the 2020s. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:354-355. [PMID: 35183317 PMCID: PMC8868033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylia Wilson
- Corresponding author. University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development, 51 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
| | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
Vejzovic V, Carlson L, Löfgren L, Bramhagen AC. Early Identification of Mental Illness in Primary School Pupils by School Nurses: A Qualitative Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2022; 8:23779608221081452. [PMID: 35237719 PMCID: PMC8882927 DOI: 10.1177/23779608221081452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The World Health Organization has reported that one fifth of all children in the world suffer from poor mental health regardless of cultural differences. Previous studies have shown that working with mental health is an important part of the duties of school nurses in Sweden. Objective The aim of the present study was to describe the experiences of school nurses regarding the identification of mental illness among pupils in primary school. Methods In this inductive qualitative study, interviews were conducted with 11 school nurses in southern Sweden and analyzed using content analysis. Results The results indicate three major themes: (1) the need for shared responsibility, (2) feelings of uncertainty and inadequacy in school nurses, and (3) the importance of establishing relationships. Conclusion This study indicates that school nurses feel responsible for their pupils’ well-being, but also feel that they need support. A lack of guidance in identifying mental illness emerged from the interviews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Vejzovic
- Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lilliann Carlson
- Department of Care Science, Specialist nurse Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lisa Löfgren
- Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, School nurse, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann-Cathrine Bramhagen
- Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Knowles G, Gayer‐Anderson C, Turner A, Dorn L, Lam J, Davis S, Blakey R, Lowis K, Pinfold V, Creary N, Dyer J, Hatch SL, Ploubidis G, Bhui K, Harding S, Morgan C. Covid-19, social restrictions, and mental distress among young people: a UK longitudinal, population-based study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1392-1404. [PMID: 35199336 PMCID: PMC9114888 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period for social and emotional development. We sought to examine the impacts of Covid-19 and related social restrictions and school closures on adolescent mental health, particularly among disadvantaged, marginalised, and vulnerable groups. METHODS We analysed four waves of data - 3 pre-Covid-19 (2016-2019) and 1 mid-Covid-19 (May-Aug 2020; n, 1074; 12-18 years old, >80% minority ethnic groups, 25% free school meals) from REACH (Resilience, Ethnicity, and AdolesCent Mental Health), an adolescent cohort based in inner-London, United Kingdom. Mental health was assessed using validated measures at each time point. We estimated temporal trends in mental distress and examined variations in changes in distress, pre- to mid-Covid-19, by social group, and by pre- and mid-pandemic risks. RESULTS We found no evidence of an overall increase in mental distress midpandemic (15.9%, 95% CI: 13.0, 19.4) compared with prepandemic (around 18%). However, there were variations in changes in mental distress by subgroups. There were modest variations by social group and by pre-Covid risks (e.g., a small increase in distress among girls (b [unstandardised beta coefficient] 0.42 [-0.19, 1.03]); a small decrease among boys (b - 0.59 [-1.37, 0.19]); p for interaction .007). The most notable variations were by midpandemic risks: that is, broadly, increases in distress among those reporting negative circumstances and impacts (e.g., in finances, housing, social support and relationships, and daily routines) and decreases in distress among those reporting positive impacts. CONCLUSIONS We found strong evidence that mental distress increased among young people who were most negatively impacted by Covid-19 and by related social restrictions during the first lockdown in the United Kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Knowles
- Health Service and Population Research DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Charlotte Gayer‐Anderson
- Health Service and Population Research DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alice Turner
- Health Service and Population Research DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lynsey Dorn
- Health Service and Population Research DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joseph Lam
- Health Service and Population Research DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Samantha Davis
- Health Service and Population Research DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rachel Blakey
- Health Service and Population Research DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Katie Lowis
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephani L. Hatch
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK,Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - George Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Seeromanie Harding
- Department of Nutritional SciencesSchool of Life Course SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Bernard R, Hofslundsengen H, Frazier Norbury C. Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Who Stutter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:624-644. [PMID: 35084999 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are elevated symptoms of anxiety or depression in children and adolescents (aged 2-18 years) who stutter, and to identify potential moderators of increased symptom severity. METHOD We conducted a preregistered systematic review of databases and gray literature; 13 articles met criteria for inclusion. A meta-analysis using robust variance estimation was conducted with 11 cohort studies comparing symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents who do and do not stutter. Twenty-six effect sizes from 11 studies contributed to the summary effect size for anxiety symptoms (851 participants). Meta-analysis of depression outcomes was not possible due to the small number of studies. RESULTS The summary effect size indicates that children and adolescents who stutter present with increased anxiety symptoms (g = 0.42) compared with nonstuttering peers. There were insufficient studies to robustly analyze depression symptoms, and qualitative review is provided. No significant between-groups differences were reported in any of the depression studies. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence indicates elevated symptoms of anxiety in some children and adolescents who stutter relative to peers. There was a tendency toward higher depression scores in this population, although reported between-groups differences did not reach statistical significance. These findings require replication in larger, preferably longitudinal studies that consider factors that may moderate risk. Nevertheless, our findings highlight a need for careful monitoring of mental health and well-being in young people who stutter. Supplemental Materials: http://osf.io/5m6zv.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Bernard
- Language and Cognition, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilde Hofslundsengen
- Department of Language, Literature, Mathematics and Interpreting, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen
| | - Courtenay Frazier Norbury
- Language and Cognition, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
- Language & Cognition, UCL and Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Substance Use among Youth in Community and Residential Mental Health Care Facilities in Ontario, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031731. [PMID: 35162754 PMCID: PMC8835119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to improve the integration of substance use and mental health care for children and youth. This study examines risk and protective factors for substance use among youth with mental health conditions who received community-based or residential care services between 2012–2020 in Ontario, Canada. In this study, a cross-sectional design was used to examine patterns and factors associated with substance use among youth (12–18 years) assessed in the community (n = 47,418) and residential (n = 700) mental health care facilities in Ontario, Canada. Youth were assessed with the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health Assessment (ChYMH). Substance use is identified by any substance use (including alcohol) 14 to 30 days prior to assessment. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to examine clinical, psychosocial, and environmental factors associated with substance use. This study shows that 22.3% of youth reported the use of substances in the community settings and 37% in residential settings. Older age group (Youth older than 16 years), being a victim of abuse, having experienced self-injurious ideation/attempt, being at risk of disrupted education, and having a parent/caregiver with addiction or substance use disorder were significantly associated with substance use. Several factors reduced the risk of substance use, including being a female, having anxiety symptoms, and having cognition problems. In conclusion, the study found that individual and parental factors increase youth’s risk of substance use, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach that includes consideration of social and biological risk factors to prevention/risk reduction, risk assessment, management, and recovery.
Collapse
|
186
|
Cosma A, Költő A, Badura P, Winkler P, Kalman M. Time trends in adolescent mental wellbeing in the Czech Republic between 2002 and 2018: gender, age and socioeconomic differences. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 29:271-278. [PMID: 35026065 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent literature indicates a decline over time in adolescent mental wellbeing but results are inconsistent and rely mainly on data from Western societies. This study investigates time trends in adolescent mental wellbeing (psychological and somatic complaints, life satisfaction) among Czech adolescents and explores the moderating role of gender, age and socioeconomic status. METHODS Nationally representative data from 29,376 Czech adolescents (50.8% girls, mean age = 13.43; SD = 1.65) across five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys (2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018) were used. Hierarchical regression models estimated national trends in adolescent mental wellbeing and established the moderating role of gender, age and socioeconomic status. RESULTS From 2002 to 2018, an increase in the psychological complaints was observed. Life satisfaction decreased over time up to 2014 only, whereas somatic symptoms increased until 2010, followed by a decline in 2014 and 2018. Girls, older adolescents and those from low family affluence reported poorer mental wellbeing. Gender gap increased over time for psychological complaints and life satisfaction. Socioeconomic inequalities gap remained stable over the investigated timeframe. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not provide evidence for substantial temporal changes in mental wellbeing among adolescents in the Czech Republic. Yet, the increase in psychological complaints has been consistent which is an indicator of a small decline over time in adolescent mental wellbeing. Furthermore, the gender gap in mental wellbeing increased over time, whereas the age and socioeconomic differences remained relatively stable. This calls for the attention of public health professionals and policy makers from the Czech Republic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Badura
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Winkler
- Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalman
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Birrell L, Furneaux-Bate A, Debenham J, Spallek S, Newton N, Chapman C. Development of the Mind your Mate program: A peer-support mobile application and web-based lesson for adolescent mental health (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36068. [PMID: 35622401 PMCID: PMC9187963 DOI: 10.2196/36068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Birrell
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ainsley Furneaux-Bate
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Debenham
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sophia Spallek
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Chapman
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Vashishtha R, Pennay A, Dietze PM, Livingston M. The Role of Parental Control and Support in Declining Adolescent Drinking: A Multi-Level Study Across 30 European Countries. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:470-476. [PMID: 35015803 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent drinking has declined in many high-income countries since the early 2000s. It has been suggested that changing parenting practices may have contributed to the decline. However, previous studies investigating parenting have focused on single countries and have provided conflicting evidence. This study tested the association between changes in individual- and population-level parental control and parental support and changes in past month adolescent drinking. METHODS A total of 271,823 adolescents aged 15-16 years, from 30 European countries between 2003 and 2015 were included in this study. Our key independent variables were adolescent reports of parental control and parental support. Our outcome measure was a dichotomous measure of any alcohol use in the 30 days before the survey, referred as past month drinking. Aggregated measures of parenting variables were used to estimate between-country and within-country effects of parenting on adolescent drinking. Data were analysed using three-level hierarchical linear probability methods. RESULTS At the individual-level, we found a negative association between the two parental measures, i.e. parental control (β = -0.003 and 95% CI = -0.021 to 0.017) and parental support (β = -0.008 and 95% CI = -0.010 to 0.006) and past month drinking. This suggests adolescents whose parents exert higher control and provide more support tend to drink less. At a population level, we did not find any evidence of association on between-country and within-country parenting changes and past month drinking. CONCLUSIONS It is unlikely that changes in parental control or support at the population-level have contributed to the decline in drinking among adolescents in 30 European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Vashishtha
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.,Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3083, Australia
| | - Paul M Dietze
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.,Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne 3004, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Choi E, Yoon EH, Park MH. Game-based digital therapeutics for children and adolescents: Their therapeutic effects on mental health problems, the sustainability of the therapeutic effects and the transfer of cognitive functions. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:986687. [PMID: 36523871 PMCID: PMC9744939 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.986687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems in childhood and adolescence (e. g., attention deficits, problems in emotional understanding and subclinical levels of anxiety) are reported to develop further in adulthood and/or to increase the risk of developing mental health disorders in adulthood. Although it is important to provide treatment or prevention interventions for children and adolescents in order to reduce the risk of the further development of mental health problems, the pharmacological and behavioral treatments for this age group have limitations (e.g., limited access, unsustainable treatment effects and the lack of engagement in intervention). In order to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments, the use of digital technology, especially video games for this age group, is suggested. In order to be accepted as clinical interventions, objective evidence for the therapeutic effects of digital therapeutic that used video games to treat or prevent targeted mental health problems are required. Thus, this review aims to explore whether game-based digital therapeutics (DTx) for children and adolescents showed therapeutic effects on targeted mental health problems. As game-based DTx are suggested to show sustained therapeutic effects and the transfer of cognitive functions, it also reviews the maintenance of the therapeutic effects of DTx and the extent of the transfer of cognitive functions. Game-based DTx that are developed to treat or prevent mental health problems (e.g., attention deficit, depression) in children and adolescents are found to show therapeutic effects on targeted mental health problems despite the limitations (e.g., small sample size, limited investigation of the sustainability). This review would contribute to the understanding of whether there is objective evidence of the therapeutic effects of digital therapeutics using video games that deliver treatment or prevention interventions for mental health problems in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Aksoy O, Bann D, Fluharty ME, Nandi A. Religiosity and Mental Wellbeing Among Members of Majority and Minority Religions: Findings From Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:20-30. [PMID: 33977294 PMCID: PMC8751808 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether links between religiosity and mental health are found in contexts outside the United States or are causal. We examined differences in mental wellbeing and associations between mental wellbeing and religiosity among the religiously unaffiliated, White and non-White Christians, Muslims of Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and other ethnicities, and other minority ethnoreligious groups. We used 4 waves of Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009-2013; n = 50,922). We adjusted for potential confounders (including socioeconomic factors and personality) and for household fixed effects to account for household-level unobserved confounding factors. Compared with those with no religious affiliation, Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslims and members of other minority religions had worse wellbeing (as measured using the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and General Health Questionnaire). Higher subjective importance of religion was associated with lower wellbeing according to the General Health Questionnaire; associations were not found with the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. More frequent religious service attendance was associated with higher wellbeing; effect sizes were larger for those with religious affiliations. These associations were only partially attenuated by adjustment for potential confounding factors, including household fixed effects. Religious service attendance and/or its secular alternatives may have a role in improving population-wide mental wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Aksoy
- Correspondence to Ozan Aksoy, Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom (e-mail: ); or David Bann, Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom (e-mail: )
| | - David Bann
- Correspondence to Ozan Aksoy, Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom (e-mail: ); or David Bann, Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom (e-mail: )
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
191
|
Alwadei A, Alnanih R. Designing a Tool to Address the Depression of Children During Online Education. PROCEDIA COMPUTER SCIENCE 2022; 203:173-180. [PMID: 35974963 PMCID: PMC9374316 DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Advances in communication and information technology have changed the way humans interact. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the technology for communication has caused depression and anxiety, including among children and teens. Depression among children and teens may go unrecognized and untreated, as parents and teachers may have difficulty recognizing the symptoms. COVID-19 has changed traditional learning methods, forcing children to stay home and connect through online education. Although some children may function reasonably well in less-structured environments, many children with significant depression suffer a noticeable change in social activities, loss of interest in an online school, poor online academic performance, or changes in appearance. Home quarantine has affected children's mental health, and it has become challenging for school counselors to predict depression in many children participating in online education. This study aims to design and develop a tool for predicting depression among children aged 7 to 9 years old by recording students' online classes and sending a note to the child's academic file. The idea of needing this tool arose as an output for applying the design thinking approach to the online education website during COVID-19. This inspired the authors to combine the lecture recordings and the prediction of depression into one tool. Image processing techniques are applied to generate the results predicted by the model on the collected videos. The overall accuracy for classifying depressed and not depressed videos is 89%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Alwadei
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alnanih
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Wang Z, Jiang B, Wang X, Niu Y, Xue H. Cross-sectional investigation and correlation analysis of psychology of college students returning to campus after COVID-19 lockdown lift. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:915042. [PMID: 35935405 PMCID: PMC9352858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a large cross-sectional survey of the mental health of college students during the recovery period of the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and COVID-19 questionnaire were used to investigate the overall mental health level and cognition of epidemic situation of college students in seven colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province. RESULTS (1) In the recovery period of COVID-19 epidemic, college students still had psychological and somatic symptoms such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, and poor appetite or insomnia; (2) female college students, science and engineering college students, freshmen and senior graduates, and some ethnic minority college students were all groups with psychological symptoms; (3) the psychological status of college students was related to their perception of COVID-19 epidemic, and the more knowledge about epidemic prevention and control, the more confident they were in overcoming the epidemic, and the milder the psychological symptoms. CONCLUSION College students still have some mental health problems in the recovery period of COVID-19 epidemic, which should be paid attention to by education authorities and colleges and universities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingtong Wang
- Department of General Education, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, China
| | - Yi Niu
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haihong Xue
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Time trends and disparities in anxiety among adolescents, 2012-2018. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:127-137. [PMID: 34100110 PMCID: PMC8183580 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies have been inconclusive in documenting whether the prevalence of adolescent anxiety is increasing, given sampling and measurement limitations. This study adds new information on recent time trends in anxiety prevalence, specifically investigating trends among previously unexamined sociodemographic subgroups. METHODS Weighted data of 37,360 youth respondents (51.1% female, 71.8% White, 91.3% heterosexual, 99.2% cisgender) from the 2012-2018 Dane County Youth Assessment, a county-wide survey administered to youth in participating school districts, were analyzed to estimate time trends in anxiety prevalence among the whole sample and by sociodemographic subgroups. RESULTS The prevalence of youth meeting anxiety-screening criteria increased from 34.1% (95% CI 33.4-34.9) in 2012 to 44% (95% CI 43.2-44.7) in 2018 (OR for trend = 1.07, P for trend < 0.001). The trend remained significant after adjusting for known confounds (AOR for trend = 1.07, P for trend < 0.001). Anxiety increased significantly for several subgroups and widening disparities were documented among females relative to males (P < 0.001), and sexual minority youth relative to heterosexual youth (P = 0.003). In addition, Black youth did not increase at the same swift rate as White youth over the study period (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study reports recent data on anxiety time trends and finds that among a geographically representative sample of adolescents, anxiety prevalence is rising. Findings provide new evidence documenting increased anxiety prevalence among sexual minority youth relative to their peers. Results highlight the need to bolster public health interventions focused on adolescent mental health, with tailored interventions for vulnerable groups.
Collapse
|
194
|
Bøe T, Hysing M, Askeland KG, Skogen JC, Heradstveit O. Do Parental Education-Related Inequality Matter in Child and Adolescent Utilization of Mental Health Services: Results From a Norwegian Register Linkage Study. Health Serv Insights 2021; 14:11786329211055302. [PMID: 34916801 PMCID: PMC8669118 DOI: 10.1177/11786329211055302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Equitable access to health care point to equal access to care for those with equal needs, but pro-rich and pro-educated inequities have been documented in specialized mental health care utilization. This study aimed to investigate equity in Norwegian adolescents’ use of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) with regards to parental education levels, using a survey of 10 257 Norwegian 16- to 19-year-olds subsequently linked to CAMHS data from the Norwegian Patient Registry (n = 970 had been in contact with CAMHS). Analyses using concentration indices (C) suggested adolescents with parents with lower education levels had more mental health problems (ie, larger need; C = −0.032, P < .001) and were more in contact with CAMHS (C = −0.025, P < .001). Regression analysis suggested that CAMHS contact, and number of unique admissions was largely distributed according to need, but participants whose parents had basic education levels were in contact with CAMHS for slightly longer than predicted from their self-reported mental health problems, age, and sex. Results from this study suggested that contact with CAMHS was largely equitable and mostly influenced by need. There was little evidence of parental education-related inequity in access to, and use of, specialized mental health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin G Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ove Heradstveit
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Mansfield KL, Puntis S, Soneson E, Cipriani A, Geulayov G, Fazel M. Study protocol: the OxWell school survey investigating social, emotional and behavioural factors associated with mental health and well-being. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052717. [PMID: 34880020 PMCID: PMC9066348 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improving our understanding of the broad range of social, emotional and behavioural factors that contribute to mental health outcomes in adolescents will be greatly enhanced with diverse, representative population samples. We present a protocol for a repeated self-report survey assessing risk and protective factors for mental health and well-being in school pupils aged 8-18 years with different socioeconomic backgrounds in England. The survey will provide a comprehensive picture of mental health and associated risks at the community level to inform the development of primary and secondary prevention and treatment strategies in schools. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol is for a large-scale online repeated self-report survey, representative of children and adolescents aged 8-18 years attending schools or further education colleges in participating counties in England. The survey consists of around 300 questions, including validated measures of mental health and well-being, risk and protective factors, and care-seeking behaviour and preferences. Additional questions each year vary to address current events and novel hypotheses, developed by the research team, collaborators and stakeholders. Primary analyses will investigate current and changing risk and protective factors, care-seeking behaviour and attitudes to allowing linkage of their sensitive data to other databases for research, and will compare measures of mental health to measures of well-being. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the University of Oxford Research Ethics Committee (Reference: R62366). Tailored data summaries will be provided to participating schools and stakeholders within 3 months of data collection. The main findings will be presented at scientific meetings, published in peer-reviewed journals and shared via digital and social media channels. At the end of the study, other researchers will be able to apply for access to anonymous data extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Puntis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Soneson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Galit Geulayov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Pretorius C, Coyle D. Young People's Use of Digital Tools to Support Their Mental Health During Covid-19 Restrictions. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:763876. [PMID: 34927133 PMCID: PMC8671300 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.763876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Young adulthood represents a sensitive period for young people's mental health. The lockdown restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced young people's access to traditional sources of mental health support. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the online resources young people were using to support their mental health during the first lockdown period in Ireland. It made use of an anonymous online survey targeted at young people aged 18-25. Participants were recruited using ads on social media including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and SnapChat. A total of 393 respondents completed the survey. Many of the respondents indicated that they were using social media (51.4%, 202/393) and mental health apps (32.6%, 128/393) as sources of support. Fewer were making use of formal online resources such as charities (26%, 102/393) or professional counseling services (13.2%, 52/393). Different social media platforms were used for different purposes; Facebook was used for support groups whilst Instagram was used to engage with influencers who focused on mental health issues. Google search, recommendations from peers and prior knowledge of services played a role in how resources were located. Findings from this survey indicate that digital technologies and online resources have an important role to play in supporting young people's mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted these digital tool's potential as well as how they can be improved to better meet young people's needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudette Pretorius
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Coyle
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
The antecedents and outcomes of persistent and remitting adolescent depressive symptom trajectories: a longitudinal, population-based English study. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8:1053-1061. [PMID: 34672991 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression often first emerges in adolescence and, for many, is a lifelong disorder. The long-term clinical course of depression is highly variable. We aimed to examine the adult outcomes of adolescent-onset trajectories of clinically significant depressive symptoms and to identify factors differentiating trajectories that persist and desist in adulthood. METHODS We included participants from the English population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children with data on depressive symptoms. Self-reported depression symptoms were assessed on ten occasions when participants were age 10·5-25 years using the short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and major depressive disorder episodes were assessed at age 13·0 years, 15·0 years, 17·5 years, and 25·0 years. We characterised trajectories of depression symptoms using latent class growth analysis, for which we required depression data at least once from each of three key phases: ages 10·5-13·5 years; 16·5-18·5 years; and 21-25 years. We examined adult outcomes by assessing lifetime suicidal self-harm and functional impairment at age 24·0 years, and employment, education, and the self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at age 25·0 years. FINDINGS We studied 4234 participants: 2651 (63%) female, 1582 (37%) male, and one individual with missing sex data. The mean age was 10·6 years (SD 0·2) at baseline and 25·8 years (SD 0·5) at the final timepoint. Data on ethnicity were not available in our data set. We identified four depression trajectory classes: adolescent-persistent depression with onset early in adolescence (7%, n≈279), adolescent-limited depression with onset later in adolescence and remittance by adult life (14%, n≈592), adult-increasing depression (25%, n≈1056), and stable-low levels of depression (54%, n≈2307). The adolescent-persistent class was associated with poor adult outcomes for functional impairment (62%), suicidal self-harm (27%), mental health difficulties (25%), and not being in education, employment, or training (16%). Adolescent-limited depression was associated with transient adolescent stress, but by early adulthood functional impairment and mental health difficulties were similar to the stable-low group. Major depressive disorder polygenic score (odds ratio [OR] 1·36, 95% CI 1·04-1·79), adolescent educational attainment (OR 0·47, 0·30-0·74), and any early childhood adversity (OR 2·60, 1·42-4·78), that persisted into adulthood (OR 1·60, 1·38-1·87) distinguished the adolescent-persistent and adolescent-limited groups. INTERPRETATION The future course of adolescent depression can be differentiated by age at onset during adolescence, adolescent academic attainment, early and persistent adversity, and genetic loading. A detailed social and educational history could be helpful in making clinical decisions about the intensity of interventions for young people with clinically elevated depressive symptoms who seek help. FUNDING Medical Research Council, Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Wolfson Foundation.
Collapse
|
198
|
Turner AJ, Fichera E, Sutton M. The effects of in-utero exposure to influenza on mental health and mortality risk throughout the life-course. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021; 43:101059. [PMID: 34560473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining the later-life health consequences of in-utero exposure to influenza have typically estimated effects on physical health conditions, with little evidence of effects on mental health outcomes or mortality. Previous studies have also relied primarily on reduced-form estimates of the effects of exposure to influenza pandemics, meaning they are unlikely to recover effects of influenza exposure at an individual-level. This paper uses inverse probability of treatment weighting and "doubly-robust" methods alongside rare mother-reported data on in-utero influenza exposure to estimate the individual-level effect of in-utero influenza exposure on mental health and mortality risk throughout childhood and adulthood. We find that in-utero exposure to influenza is associated with small reductions in mental health in mid-childhood, driven by increases in internalising symptoms, and increases in depressive symptoms in mid-life for males. There is also evidence that in-utero influenza exposure is associated with substantial increases in mortality, although these effects are primarily driven by a 75% increase in the probability of being stillborn, with limited evidence of additional survival disadvantages at later ages. The potential for mortality selection implies that estimated effects on mental health outcomes are likely to represent a lower bound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Turner
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics (HOPE) group, Centre for Primary Care & Health Services Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Eleonora Fichera
- Department of Economics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7JP, United Kingdom.
| | - Matt Sutton
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics (HOPE) group, Centre for Primary Care & Health Services Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Ford T, Degli Esposti M, Crane C, Taylor L, Montero-Marín J, Blakemore SJ, Bowes L, Byford S, Dalgleish T, Greenberg MT, Nuthall E, Phillips A, Raja A, Ukoumunne OC, Viner RM, Williams JMG, Allwood M, Aukland L, Casey T, De Wilde K, Farley ER, Kappelmann N, Lord L, Medlicott E, Palmer L, Petit A, Pryor-Nitsch I, Radley L, Warriner L, Sonley A, Kuyken W. The Role of Schools in Early Adolescents' Mental Health: Findings From the MYRIAD Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1467-1478. [PMID: 33677037 PMCID: PMC8669152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest mental health in youths is deteriorating. The current policy in the United Kingdom emphasizes the role of schools for mental health promotion and prevention, but little data exist on what aspects of schools influence mental health in pupils. This study explored school-level influences on the mental health of young people in a large school-based sample from the United Kingdom. METHOD Baseline data from a large cluster randomized controlled trial collected between 2016 and 2018 from mainstream secondary schools selected to be representative in relation to their quality rating, size, deprivation, mixed or single-sex pupil population, and country were analyzed. Participants were pupils in their first or second year of secondary school. The study assessed whether school-level factors were associated with pupil mental health. RESULTS The study included 26,885 pupils (response rate = 90%; age range, 11‒14 years; 55% female) attending 85 schools in the United Kingdom. Schools accounted for 2.4% (95% CI: 2.0%‒2.8%; p < .0001) of the variation in psychopathology, 1.6% (95% CI: 1.2%‒2.1%; p < .0001) of depression, and 1.4% (95% CI: 1.0%‒1.7%; p < .0001) of well-being. Schools in urban locations, with a higher percentage of free school meals and of White British, were associated with poorer pupil mental health. A more positive school climate was associated with better mental health. CONCLUSION School-level variables, primarily related to contextual factors, characteristics of pupil population, and school climate, explain a small but significant amount of variability in mental health of young people. This information might be used to identify schools that are in need of more resources to support mental health of young people. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION MYRIAD: My Resilience in Adolescence, a Study Examining the Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of a Mindfulness Training Programme in Schools Compared With Normal School Provision; https://www.isrctn.com/; 86619085.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim Dalgleish
- University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Anam Raja
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nils Kappelmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry and International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Liz Lord
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lucy Palmer
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
200
|
Murray AL, Hafetz Mirman J, Carter L, Eisner M. Individual and developmental differences in delinquency: Can they be explained by adolescent risk-taking models? DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|