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Techakanon C, Gradziel TM, Zhang L, Barrett DM. The Impact of Maturity Stage on Cell Membrane Integrity and Enzymatic Browning Reactions in High Pressure Processed Peaches (Prunus persica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7216-7224. [PMID: 27556337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruit maturity is an important factor associated with final product quality, and it may have an effect on the level of browning in peaches that are high pressure processed (HPP). Peaches from three different maturities, as determined by firmness (M1 = 50-55 N, M2 = 35-40 N, and M3 = 15-20 N), were subjected to pressure levels at 0.1, 200, and 400 MPa for 10 min. The damage from HPP treatment results in loss of fruit integrity and the development of browning during storage. Increasing pressure levels of HPP treatment resulted in greater damage, particularly in the more mature peaches, as determined by shifts in transverse relaxation time (T2) of the vacuolar component and by light microscopy. The discoloration of peach slices of different maturities processed at the same pressure was comparable, indicating that the effect of pressure level is greater than that of maturity in the development of browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwan Techakanon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University , Surat Thani Campus, 31 Makham Tia, Muang Surat Thani, Suratthani 84000, Thailand
| | - Thomas M Gradziel
- Department of Pomology, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Diane M Barrett
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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152
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Medina-Puche L, Blanco-Portales R, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Cumplido-Laso G, García-Caparrós N, Moyano-Cañete E, Caballero-Repullo JL, Muñoz-Blanco J, Rodríguez-Franco A. Extensive transcriptomic studies on the roles played by abscisic acid and auxins in the development and ripening of strawberry fruits. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:671-692. [PMID: 27614432 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry is an ideal model for studying the molecular biology of the development and ripening of non-climacteric fruits. Hormonal regulation of gene expression along all these processes in strawberries is still to be fully elucidated. Although auxins and ABA have been pointed out as the major regulatory hormones, few high-throughput analyses have been carried out to date. The role for ethylene and gibberellins as regulatory hormones during the development and ripening of the strawberry fruit remain still elusive. By using a custom-made and high-quality oligo microarray platform done with over 32,000 probes including all of the genes actually described in the strawberry genome, we have analysed the expression of genes during the development and ripening in the receptacles of these fruits. We classify these genes into two major groups depending upon their temporal and developmental expression. First group are genes induced during the initial development stages. The second group encompasses genes induced during the final maturation and ripening processes. Each of these two groups has been also divided into four sub-groups according their pattern of hormonal regulation. By analyzing gene expression, we clearly show that auxins and ABA are the main and key hormones that combined or independently are responsible of the development and ripening process. Auxins are responsible for the receptacle fruit development and, at the same time¸ prevent ripening by repressing crucial genes. ABA regulates the expression of the vast majority of genes involved in the ripening. The main genes expressed under the control of these hormones are presented and their physiological rule discussed. We also conclude that ethylene and gibberellins do not seem to play a prominent role during these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Medina-Puche
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Blanco-Portales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Molina-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Cumplido-Laso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nicolás García-Caparrós
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Moyano-Cañete
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Luis Caballero-Repullo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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153
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Amorós A, Zapata P, Pretel MT, Botella MA, Serrano M. Physico-Chemical and Physiological Changes during Fruit Development and Ripening of Five Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.) Cultivars. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013203009001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Physico-chemical and physiological changes during development and ripening of five loquat cultivars ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., cv. Algerie, Cardona, Golden, Magdall and Peluche) were determined. Fruit growth showed a sigmoid curve in all loquat cultivars. A good relationship between duration of fast growth phase and fruit size was found. In addition, a positive correlation was also established between seed number and fruit size, and between seed weight and both fruit and flesh weight. Colour changes, sugar content increase and the decrease in fruit firmness and organic acids started simultaneously when loquat fruits were in the phase of fast growth, and at about 70-80% of their final weight. These physico-chemical changes related to fruit ripening coincided with an increase in both ethylene production rate and free and total 1-aminocyclopropane-1 -carboxylic acid (ACC) content in the flesh. In addition, a small respiration peak associated with ripening was also detected. These results indicated that loquat fruits of all five studied cultivars showed a pattern of ripening in the tree that could be classified as climacteric, with relatively low ethylene production evolving at an early phase of fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Amorós
- Dpto. Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - P. Zapata
- Dpto. Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - M. T. Pretel
- Dpto. Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - M. A. Botella
- Dpto. Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - M. Serrano
- Dpto. Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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154
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Liu R, Wang Y, Qin G, Tian S. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the role of the tonoplast in fruit senescence. J Proteomics 2016; 146:80-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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155
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Belhadj F, Somrani I, Aissaoui N, Messaoud C, Boussaid M, Marzouki M. Bioactive compounds contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities during ripening of Prunus persica L. varieties from the North West of Tunisia. Food Chem 2016; 204:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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156
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Proteomic analysis of changes in mitochondrial protein expression during peach fruit ripening and senescence. J Proteomics 2016; 147:197-211. [PMID: 27288903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ripening and senescence define the last step of fruit development, which directly affects its commercial value, and mitochondria play a crucial role in these processes. To better understand mitochondrial roles in maintaining and regulating metabolism in storage tissues, highly purified mitochondria were isolated from peach tissues (Prunus persica. cv. Xiahui-8) stored at 4°C and 25°C, respectively, and their proteome was conducted using the method of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Twenty-four (24) differentially expressed proteins (2-fold, p≤0.01) were identified out of more than 300 spots and were divided into six categories by PIR and Uniprot, including oxidative stress (34%), carbon metabolism (29%), respiratory chain (17%), amino acid metabolism and protein biosynthesis (8%), heat shock protein (4%), ion channels (4%). Proteins involved in antioxidative systems, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, ethanol fermentation were changed significantly in response to high temperature. Storage at 4°C dramatically delayed ripening and senescence processes by postponing the climacteric peak, slowing down carbon metabolism and degradation of cell structure. Besides, low temperature induced the expression of formate dehydrogenase and some amino acid metabolism proteins. Proteins classified in respiratory chain, ion channels showed high coherence with climacteric respiratory burst, and the antioxidative enzymes showed relatively important symptoms on ROS scavenging through orderly expressions. SIGNIFICANCE With the advent of proteomics and mass spectrometry (MS), it becomes possible to identify the specific functions of differentially abundant proteins in peach mitochondria. In the present study, a procedure to isolate mitochondria from peach fruits was established, and the mitochondrial proteome was systematically analyzed by 2-D gel electrophoresis procedures in combination with protein identification by mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins in peach mitochondria during different stages of peach fruit ripening and senescence were characterized. Our data provide a great deal of information likely to enhance the understanding of the mitochondrial function in peach ripening and senescent process during storage.
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157
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Li T, Zhang J, Zhu H, Qu H, You S, Duan X, Jiang Y. Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins Involved in Peel Senescence in Harvested Mandarin Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:725. [PMID: 27303420 PMCID: PMC4885882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata), a non-climacteric fruit, is an economically important fruit worldwide. The mechanism underlying senescence of non-climacteric fruit is poorly understood. In this study, a gel-based proteomic study followed by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was carried out to investigate the proteomic changes involved in peel senescence in harvested mandarin "Shatangju" fruit stored for 18 days. Over the course of the storage period, the fruit gradually senesced, accompanied by a decreased respiration rate and increased chlorophyll degradation and disruption of membrane integrity. Sixty-three proteins spots that showed significant differences in abundance were identified. The up-regulated proteins were mainly associated with cell wall degradation, lipid degradation, protein degradation, senescence-related transcription factors, and transcription-related proteins. In contrast, most proteins associated with ATP synthesis and scavenging of reactive oxygen species were significantly down-regulated during peel senescence. Three thioredoxin proteins and three Ca(2+) signaling-related proteins were significantly up-regulated during peel senescence. It is suggested that mandarin peel senescence is associated with energy supply efficiency, decreased antioxidant capability, and increased protein and lipid degradation. In addition, activation of Ca(2+) signaling and transcription factors might be involved in cell wall degradation and primary or secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Shulin You
- Zhangzhou Xiangcheng District Agricultural BureauFujian, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
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158
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Ferrara G, Mazzeo A, Matarrese AMS, Pacucci C, Trani A, Fidelibus MW, Gambacorta G. Ethephon As a Potential Abscission Agent for Table Grapes: Effects on Pre-Harvest Abscission, Fruit Quality, and Residue. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:620. [PMID: 27303407 PMCID: PMC4885227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Some plant growth regulators, including ethephon, can stimulate abscission of mature grape berries. The stimulation of grape berry abscission reduces fruit detachment force (FDF) and promotes the development of a dry stem scar, both of which could facilitate the production of high quality stemless fresh-cut table grapes. The objective of this research was to determine how two potential abscission treatments, 1445 and 2890 mg/L ethephon, affected FDF, pre-harvest abscission, fruit quality, and ethephon residue of Thompson Seedless and Crimson Seedless grapes. Both ethephon treatments strongly induced abscission of Thompson Seedless berries causing >90% pre-harvest abscission. Lower ethephon rates, a shorter post-harvest interval, or berry retention systems such as nets, would be needed to prevent excessive pre-harvest losses. The treatments also slightly affected Thompson Seedless berry skin color, with treated fruit being darker, less uniform in color, and with a more yellow hue than non-treated fruit. Ethephon residues on Thompson Seedless grapes treated with the lower concentration of ethephon were below legal limits at harvest. Ethephon treatments also promoted abscission of Crimson Seedless berries, but pre-harvest abscission was much lower (≅49%) in Crimson Seedless compared to Thompson Seedless. Treated fruits were slightly darker than non-treated fruits, but ethephon did not affect SSC, acidity, or firmness of Crimson Seedless, and ethephon residues were below legal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’Bari, Italy
| | - Angela M. S. Matarrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Pacucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Trani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’Bari, Italy
| | - Matthew W. Fidelibus
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’Bari, Italy
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159
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The Unusual Acid-Accumulating Behavior during Ripening of Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is Linked to Changes in Transcription and Enzyme Activity Related to Citric and Malic Acid Metabolism. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050398. [PMID: 27120592 PMCID: PMC6273758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is a subtropical fruit characterized by a significant increase in organic acid levels during ripening, making it an interesting model for studying the relationship between acidity and fruit flavor. In this work, we focused on understanding the balance between the concentration of organic acids and the gene expression and activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of these metabolites during the development and ripening of cherimoya cv. “Concha Lisa”. Our results showed an early accumulation of citric acid and other changes associated with the accumulation of transcripts encoding citrate catabolism enzymes. During ripening, a 2-fold increase in malic acid and a 6-fold increase in citric acid were detected. By comparing the contents of these compounds with gene expression and enzymatic activity levels, we determined that cytoplasmic NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (cyNAD-MDH) and mitochondrial citrate synthase (mCS) play important regulatory roles in the malic and citric acid biosynthetic pathways.
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160
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Kräutler B. Breakdown of Chlorophyll in Higher Plants--Phyllobilins as Abundant, Yet Hardly Visible Signs of Ripening, Senescence, and Cell Death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4882-907. [PMID: 26919572 PMCID: PMC4950323 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fall colors have always been fascinating and are still a remarkably puzzling phenomenon associated with the breakdown of chlorophyll (Chl) in leaves. As discovered in recent years, nongreen bilin-type Chl catabolites are generated, which are known as the phyllobilins. Collaborative chemical-biological efforts have led to the elucidation of the key Chl-breakdown processes in senescent leaves and in ripening fruit. Colorless and largely photoinactive phyllobilins are rapidly produced from Chl, apparently primarily as part of a detoxification program. However, fluorescent Chl catabolites accumulate in some senescent leaves and in peels of ripe bananas and induce a striking blue glow. The structural features, chemical properties, and abundance of the phyllobilins in the biosphere suggest biological roles, which still remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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161
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Meng C, Yang D, Ma X, Zhao W, Liang X, Ma N, Meng Q. Suppression of tomato SlNAC1 transcription factor delays fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 193:88-96. [PMID: 26962710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complex process involving many physiological and biochemical changes, including those for ethylene, carotenoid, and cell wall metabolism. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) serves as a research model for fruit development and ripening because it possesses numerous favorable genetic features. In this study, SlNAC1 was cloned. An antisense (AS) vector was constructed and transferred to tomato to further explore the function of SlNAC1. The results showed that AS fruits exhibited delayed ripening and a deeper red appearance when these fruits were fully ripened. Fully ripened AS fruits also produced higher total carotenoid and lycopene contents than those of the wild-type (WT) line. Ethylene production of AS fruits was delayed but occurred to a higher extent than that of WT fruits. The softening of AS fruits was slower than that of WT fruits. Endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level in AS-4 fruits was lower than that in WT fruits. Exogenous ABA accelerated the softening of AS fruits. Furthermore, AS fruits demonstrated up-regulated expression of genes related to lycopene and ethylene biosynthesis but down-regulated expression of genes related to cell wall metabolism and ABA synthesis. Therefore, SlNAC1 is likely implicated in fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Dongyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaocui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Weiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Nana Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
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162
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AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 Intersects Hormonal Signals in the Regulation of Tomato Fruit Ripening. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005903. [PMID: 26959229 PMCID: PMC4784954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of ethylene in fruit ripening is well documented, though knowledge regarding the crosstalk between ethylene and other hormones in ripening is lacking. We discovered that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2A (ARF2A), a recognized auxin signaling component, functions in the control of ripening. ARF2A expression is ripening regulated and reduced in the rin, nor and nr ripening mutants. It is also responsive to exogenous application of ethylene, auxin and abscisic acid (ABA). Over-expressing ARF2A in tomato resulted in blotchy ripening in which certain fruit regions turn red and possess accelerated ripening. ARF2A over-expressing fruit displayed early ethylene emission and ethylene signaling inhibition delayed their ripening phenotype, suggesting ethylene dependency. Both green and red fruit regions showed the induction of ethylene signaling components and master regulators of ripening. Comprehensive hormone profiling revealed that altered ARF2A expression in fruit significantly modified abscisates, cytokinins and salicylic acid while gibberellic acid and auxin metabolites were unaffected. Silencing of ARF2A further validated these observations as reducing ARF2A expression let to retarded fruit ripening, parthenocarpy and a disturbed hormonal profile. Finally, we show that ARF2A both homodimerizes and interacts with the ABA STRESS RIPENING (ASR1) protein, suggesting that ASR1 might be linking ABA and ethylene-dependent ripening. These results revealed that ARF2A interconnects signals of ethylene and additional hormones to co-ordinate the capacity of fruit tissue to initiate the complex ripening process. The hormone ethylene is known to be involved in fleshy fruit ripening, although the role of other hormones is less well studied. Here we investigated the role of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2A (ARF2A) in tomato fruit ripening and suggest that it may be involved in the crosstalk between ethylene and other hormones. We show that over-expression of ARF2A (ARF2-OX) causes the fruit to ripen in an uneven, blotchy manner. The timing of ripening in ARF2-OX fruit is affected by applying exogenous ethylene, but the variegated appearance of ripening regions is independent of ethylene. In agreement with findings in ARF2-OX fruit, silencing of both ARF2 paralogs, ARF2A and ARF2B (ARF2as), delayed the ripening process. Comprehensive hormone profiling revealed that altered ARF2 expression in fruit significantly impacted abscisates, cytokinins and salicylic acid while gibberellic acid and auxin metabolites were unaffected. Transcriptome analysis of ARF2-OX fruit patches revealed that normal ripening does occur, however, the timing and co-ordination is affected. These observations were reinforced in ARF2as fruit that displayed the opposite gene expression and metabolic phenotypes. Finally, we show that ARF2A homodimerizes as well as interacts with the known ABA STRESS RIPENING (ASR1) protein, suggesting that ASR1 might be linking ABA and ethylene-dependent ripening. Our results reveal that ARF2A may interconnect signals of ethylene and additional hormones to co-ordinate the capacity of fruit tissue to initiate the complex ripening process.
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163
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Kumar V, Irfan M, Ghosh S, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S, Datta A. Fruit ripening mutants reveal cell metabolism and redox state during ripening. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:581-94. [PMID: 26008650 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ripening which leads to fruit senescence is an inimitable process characterized by vivid changes in color, texture, flavor, and aroma of the fleshy fruits. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of fruit ripening and senescence is far from complete. Molecular and biochemical studies on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ripening mutants such as ripening inhibitor (rin), nonripening (nor), and never ripe (Nr) have been useful in our understanding of fruit development and ripening. The MADS-box transcription factor RIN, a global regulator of fruit ripening, is vital for the broad aspects of ripening, in both ethylene-dependent and independent manners. Here, we have carried out microarray analysis to study the expression profiles of tomato genes during ripening of wild type and rin mutant fruits. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed the role of RIN in regulation of several molecular and biochemical events during fruit ripening including fruit specialized metabolism and cellular redox state. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during fruit ripening and senescence was further examined by determining the changes in ROS level during ripening of wild type and mutant fruits and by analyzing expression profiles of the genes involved in maintaining cellular redox state. Taken together, our findings suggest an important role of ROS during fruit ripening and senescence, and therefore, modulation of ROS level during ripening could be useful in achieving desired fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Asis Datta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Kräutler B. Der Chlorophyllabbau in höheren Pflanzen - Phyllobiline als weitverbreitete, aber kaum sichtbare Zeichen von Reifung, Seneszenz und Zelltod. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Centrum für MolekulareBiowissenschaften (CMBI); Universität Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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165
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Scattino C, Negrini N, Morgutti S, Cocucci M, Crisosto CH, Tonutti P, Castagna A, Ranieri A. Cell wall metabolism of peaches and nectarines treated with UV-B radiation: a biochemical and molecular approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:939-947. [PMID: 25766750 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-violet B (UV-B) radiation has been shown to improve, at least in selected genotypes, both the health-promoting potential and the aesthetic properties of tomato and peach fruits during their post-harvest period. The effects of post-harvest UV-B treatment on the cell-wall metabolism of peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica L. Batsch) were assessed in this study. Three cultivars, Suncrest (melting flesh, MF) and Babygold 7 (non-melting flesh, NMF) peaches and Big Top (slow melting, SM) nectarine, differing in the characteristics of textural changes and softening during ripening, were analysed. RESULTS The effects of UV-B differ in relation to the cultivar considered. In MF 'Suncrest' fruit, UV-B treatment significantly reduced the loss of flesh firmness despite the slight increase in the presence and activity of endo-polygalacturonase. The activity of exo-polygalacturonase increased as well, while endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase/β-D-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and pectin methylesterase were substantially unaffected by the treatment. The UV-B-induced reduction of flesh softening was paralleled by the inhibition of PpExp gene transcription and expansin protein accumulation. The UV-B treatment did not induce differences in flesh firmness between control and UV-B-treated NMF 'Babygold 7' and SM 'Big Top' fruit. CONCLUSION Based on these results, post-harvest UV-B treatment may be considered a promising tool to improve shelf-life and quality of peach fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scattino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Negrini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Morgutti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cocucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos H Crisosto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pietro Tonutti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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166
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Irfan M, Ghosh S, Meli VS, Kumar A, Kumar V, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S, Datta A. Fruit Ripening Regulation of α-Mannosidase Expression by the MADS Box Transcription Factor RIPENING INHIBITOR and Ethylene. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:10. [PMID: 26834776 PMCID: PMC4720780 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Mannosidase (α-Man), a fruit ripening-specific N-glycan processing enzyme, is involved in ripening-associated fruit softening process. However, the regulation of fruit-ripening specific expression of α-Man is not well understood. We have identified and functionally characterized the promoter of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) α-Man to provide molecular insights into its transcriptional regulation during fruit ripening. Fruit ripening-specific activation of the α-Man promoter was revealed by analysing promoter driven expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter in transgenic tomato. We found that RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), a MADS box family transcription factor acts as positive transcriptional regulator of α-Man during fruit ripening. RIN directly bound to the α-Man promoter sequence and promoter activation/α-Man expression was compromised in rin mutant fruit. Deletion analysis revealed that a promoter fragment (567 bp upstream of translational start site) that contained three CArG boxes (binding sites for RIN) was sufficient to drive GUS expression in fruits. In addition, α-Man expression was down-regulated in fruits of Nr mutant which is impaired in ethylene perception and promoter activation/α-Man expression was induced in wild type following treatment with a precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Although, α-Man expression was induced in rin mutant after ACC treatment, the transcript level was less as compared to ACC-treated wild type. Taken together, these results suggest RIN-mediated direct transcriptional regulation of α-Man during fruit ripening and ethylene may acts in RIN-dependent and -independent ways to regulate α-Man expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchLucknow, India
| | - Vijaykumar S. Meli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Asis Datta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi, India
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Pawełkowicz M, Zieliński K, Zielińska D, Pląder W, Yagi K, Wojcieszek M, Siedlecka E, Bartoszewski G, Skarzyńska A, Przybecki Z. Next generation sequencing and omics in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) breeding directed research. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 242:77-88. [PMID: 26566826 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era the availability of genomic tools and resources is leading us to novel generation methods in plant breeding, as they facilitate the study of the genotype and its relationship with the phenotype, in particular for complex traits. In this study we have mainly concentrated on the Cucumis sativus and (but much less) Cucurbitaceae family several important vegetable crops. There are many reports on research conducted in Cucurbitaceae plant breeding programs on the ripening process, phloem transport, disease resistance, cold tolerance and fruit quality traits. This paper presents the role played by new omic technologies in the creation of knowledge on the mechanisms of the formation of the breeding features. The analysis of NGS (NGS-next generation sequencing) data allows the discovery of new genes and regulatory sequences, their positions, and makes available large collections of molecular markers. Genome-wide expression studies provide breeders with an understanding of the molecular basis of complex traits. Firstly a high density map should be created for the reference genome, then each re-sequencing data could be mapped and new markers brought out into breeding populations. The paper also presents methods that could be used in the future for the creation of variability and genomic modification of the species in question. It has been shown also the state and usefulness in breeding the chloroplastomic and mitochondriomic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Zieliński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pląder
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kouhei Yagi
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wojcieszek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Siedlecka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartoszewski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skarzyńska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Przybecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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169
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Zhao J, Xu Y, Ding Q, Huang X, Zhang Y, Zou Z, Li M, Cui L, Zhang J. Association Mapping of Main Tomato Fruit Sugars and Organic Acids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1286. [PMID: 27617019 PMCID: PMC4999453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Association mapping has been widely used to map the significant associated loci responsible for natural variation in complex traits and are valuable for crop improvement. Sugars and organic acids are the most important metabolites in tomato fruits. We used a collection of 174 tomato accessions composed of Solanum lycopersicum (123 accessions) and S. lycopersicum var cerasiforme (51 accessions) to detect significantly associated loci controlling the variation of main sugars and organic acids. The accessions were genotyped with 182 SSRs spreading over the tomato genome. Association mapping was conducted on the main sugars and organic acids detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) over 2 years using the mixed linear model (MLM). We detected a total of 58 significantly associated loci (P < 0.001) for the 17 sugars and organic acids, including fructose, glucose, sucrose, citric acid, malic acid. These results not only co-localized with several reported QTLs, including fru9.1/PV, suc9.1/PV, ca2.1/HS, ca3.1/PV, ca4.1/PV, and ca8.1/PV, but also provided a list of candidate significantly associated loci to be functionally validated. These significantly associated loci could be used for deciphering the genetic architecture of tomato fruit sugars and organic acids and for tomato quality breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Qin Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xinli Huang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
| | - Zhirong Zou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Lu Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang
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170
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Minoia S, Boualem A, Marcel F, Troadec C, Quemener B, Cellini F, Petrozza A, Vigouroux J, Lahaye M, Carriero F, Bendahmane A. Induced mutations in tomato SlExp1 alter cell wall metabolism and delay fruit softening. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 242:195-202. [PMID: 26566837 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening and softening are key traits for many fleshy fruit. Since cell walls play a key role in the softening process, expansins have been investigated to control fruit over ripening and deterioration. In tomato, expression of Expansin 1 gene, SlExp1, during fruit ripening was associated with fruit softening. To engineer tomato plants with long shelf life, we screened for mutant plants impaired in SlExp1 function. Characterization of two induced mutations, Slexp1-6_W211S, and Slexp1-7_Q213Stop, showed that SlExp1 loss of function leads to enhanced fruit firmness and delayed fruit ripening. Analysis of cell wall polysaccharide composition of Slexp1-7_Q213Stop mutant pointed out significant differences for uronic acid, neutral sugar and total sugar contents. Hemicelluloses chemistry analysis by endo-β-1,4-d-glucanase hydrolysis and MALDI-TOF spectrometry revealed that xyloglucan structures were affected in the fruit pericarp of Slexp1-7_Q213Stop mutant. Altogether, these results demonstrated that SlExp1 loss of function mutants yield firmer and late ripening fruits through modification of hemicellulose structure. These SlExp1 mutants represent good tools for breeding long shelf life tomato lines with contrasted fruit texture as well as for the understanding of the cell wall polysaccharide assembly dynamics in fleshy fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Minoia
- INRA, UMR1403, IPS2, CNRS-UMR 9213, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France; ALSIA, Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, SS Jonica 106 Km 448.2, 75012 Metaponto (MT), Italy.
| | - Adnane Boualem
- INRA, UMR1403, IPS2, CNRS-UMR 9213, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France.
| | - Fabien Marcel
- INRA, UMR1403, IPS2, CNRS-UMR 9213, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France.
| | - Christelle Troadec
- INRA, UMR1403, IPS2, CNRS-UMR 9213, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France.
| | - Bernard Quemener
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers, Interactions and Assemblies, rue de la Géraudière, F-44316 Nantes, France.
| | - Francesco Cellini
- ALSIA, Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, SS Jonica 106 Km 448.2, 75012 Metaponto (MT), Italy.
| | - Angelo Petrozza
- ALSIA, Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, SS Jonica 106 Km 448.2, 75012 Metaponto (MT), Italy.
| | - Jacqueline Vigouroux
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers, Interactions and Assemblies, rue de la Géraudière, F-44316 Nantes, France.
| | - Marc Lahaye
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers, Interactions and Assemblies, rue de la Géraudière, F-44316 Nantes, France.
| | - Filomena Carriero
- ALSIA, Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, SS Jonica 106 Km 448.2, 75012 Metaponto (MT), Italy.
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- INRA, UMR1403, IPS2, CNRS-UMR 9213, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France.
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Hou Y, Meng K, Han Y, Ban Q, Wang B, Suo J, Lv J, Rao J. The Persimmon 9-lipoxygenase Gene DkLOX3 Plays Positive Roles in Both Promoting Senescence and Enhancing Tolerance to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1073. [PMID: 26697033 PMCID: PMC4674570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway is a key regulator for lipid peroxidation, which is crucial for plant senescence and defense pathways. In this study, the transcriptional expression patterns of three persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. 'Fupingjianshi') 9-lipoxygenase genes (DkLOX1, DkLOX3, and DkLOX4) were investigated. DkLOX1 was specifically expressed in fruit, particularly in young fruit, and showed little response to the postharvest environments. DkLOX4 was expressed in all tissues and slightly stimulated by mechanical damage and low temperature. DkLOX3 was expressed mainly in mature fruit, and the expression was extremely high throughout the storage period, apparently up-regulated by mechanical damage and high carbon dioxide treatments. Further functional analysis showed that overexpression of DkLOX3 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) accelerated fruit ripening and softening. This was accompanied by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lycopene accumulation, advanced ethylene release peak and elevated expression of ethylene synthesis genes, including ACS2, ACO1, and ACO3. In addition, DkLOX3 overexpression promoted dark induced transgenic Arabidopsis leaf senescence with more chlorophyll loss, increased electrolyte leakage and MDA content. Furthermore, the functions of DkLOX3 in response to abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, high salinity and drought were investigated. Arabidopsis DkLOX3 overexpression (DkLOX3-OX) transgenic lines were found to be more tolerant to osmotic stress with higher germination rate and root growth than wild-type. Moreover, DkLOX3-OX Arabidopsis plants also exhibited enhanced resistance to high salinity and drought, with similar decreased O2 (-) and H2O2 accumulation and upregulation of stress-responsive genes expression, including RD22, RD29A, RD29B, and NCED3, except for FRY1, which plays a negative role in stress response. Overall, these results suggested that DkLOX3 plays positive roles both in promoting ripening and senescence through lipid peroxidation and accelerated ethylene production and in stress response via regulating reactive oxygen species accumulation and stress responsive genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Kun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Ye Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Qiuyan Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Biao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Jiangtao Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Jingyi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Jingping Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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Song C, Gu L, Liu J, Zhao S, Hong X, Schulenburg K, Schwab W. Functional Characterization and Substrate Promiscuity of UGT71 Glycosyltransferases from Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2478-93. [PMID: 26454881 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation determines the complexity and diversity of plant natural products. To characterize fruit ripening-related UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) functionally in strawberry, we mined the publicly available Fragaria vesca genome sequence and found 199 putative UGT genes. Candidate UGTs whose expression levels were strongly up-regulated during fruit ripening were cloned from F.×ananassa and six were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. UGT75T1 showed very strict substrate specificity and glucosylated only galangin out of 33 compounds. The other recombinant enzymes exhibited broad substrate tolerance, accepting numerous flavonoids, hydroxycoumarins, naphthols and the plant hormone, (+)-S-abscisic acid (ABA). UGT71W2 showed the highest activity towards 1-naphthol, while UGT71A33, UGT71A34a/b and UGT71A35 preferred 3-hydroxycoumarin and formed 3- and 7-O-glucosides as well as a diglucoside from flavonols. Screening of a strawberry physiological aglycone library identified kaempferol, quercetin, ABA and three unknown natural compounds as putative in planta substrates of UGT71A33, UGT71A34a and UGT71W2. Metabolite analyses of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silenced fruits demonstrated that UGT71W2 contributes to the glycosylation of flavonols, xenobiotics and, to a minor extent, of ABA, in planta. The study showed that both specialist and generalist UGTs were expressed during strawberry fruit ripening and the latter were probably not restricted to only one function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankui Song
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Le Gu
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Xiaotong Hong
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Katja Schulenburg
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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173
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Alkan N, Fortes AM. Insights into molecular and metabolic events associated with fruit response to post-harvest fungal pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:889. [PMID: 26539204 PMCID: PMC4612155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to post-harvest losses more than 30% of harvested fruits will not reach the consumers' plate. Fungal pathogens play a key role in those losses, as they cause most of the fruit rots and the customer complaints. Many of the fungal pathogens are already present in the unripe fruit but remain quiescent during fruit growth until a particular phase of fruit ripening and senescence. The pathogens sense the developmental change and switch into the devastating necrotrophic life style that causes fruit rotting. Colonization of unripe fruit by the fungus initiates defensive responses that limit fungal growth and development. However, during fruit ripening several physiological processes occur that correlate with increased fruit susceptibility. In contrast to plant defenses in unripe fruit, the defense posture of ripe fruit entails a different subset of defense responses that will end with fruit rotting and losses. This review will focus on several aspects of molecular and metabolic events associated with fleshy fruit responses induced by post-harvest fungal pathogens during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ana M. Fortes
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
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174
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Flores-López ML, Cerqueira MA, de Rodríguez DJ, Vicente AA. Perspectives on Utilization of Edible Coatings and Nano-laminate Coatings for Extension of Postharvest Storage of Fruits and Vegetables. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-015-9135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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175
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Suzuki M, Takahashi S, Kondo T, Dohra H, Ito Y, Kiriiwa Y, Hayashi M, Kamiya S, Kato M, Fujiwara M, Fukao Y, Kobayashi M, Nagata N, Motohashi R. Plastid Proteomic Analysis in Tomato Fruit Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137266. [PMID: 26371478 PMCID: PMC4570674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the mechanism of plastid differentiation from chloroplast to chromoplast, we examined proteome and plastid changes over four distinct developmental stages of 'Micro-Tom' fruit. Additionally, to discover more about the relationship between fruit color and plastid differentiation, we also analyzed and compared 'Micro-Tom' results with those from two other varieties, 'Black' and 'White Beauty'. We confirmed that proteins related to photosynthesis remain through the orange maturity stage of 'Micro-Tom', and also learned that thylakoids no longer exist at this stage. These results suggest that at a minimum there are changes in plastid morphology occurring before all related proteins change. We also compared 'Micro-Tom' fruits with 'Black' and 'White Beauty' using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We found a decrease of CHRC (plastid-lipid-associated protein) and HrBP1 (harpin binding protein-1) in the 'Black' and 'White Beauty' varieties. CHRC is involved in carotenoid accumulation and stabilization. HrBP1 in Arabidopsis has a sequence similar to proteins in the PAP/fibrillin family. These proteins have characteristics and functions similar to lipocalin, an example of which is the transport of hydrophobic molecules. We detected spots of TIL (temperature-induced lipocalin) in 2D-PAGE results, however the number of spots and their isoelectric points differed between 'Micro-Tom' and 'Black'/'White Beauty'. Lipocalin has various functions including those related to environmental stress response, apoptosis induction, membrane formation and fixation, regulation of immune response, cell growth, and metabolism adjustment. Lipocalin related proteins such as TIL and HrBP1 could be related to the accumulation of carotenoids, fruit color and the differentiation of chromoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Takahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Kondo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Instrumental Research Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumihiko Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kiriiwa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Marina Hayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiori Kamiya
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaya Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- The Plant Science Education Unit, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma city, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- The Plant Science Education Unit, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma city, Nara, Japan
| | - Megumi Kobayashi
- Faculty of Science, Japan Woman’s University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Faculty of Science, Japan Woman’s University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Motohashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka city, Shizuoka, Japan
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176
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Bonat Celli G, Ghanem A, Su-Ling Brooks M. Influence of freezing process and frozen storage on the quality of fruits and fruit products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2015.1075212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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177
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Purification and characterization of polygalacturonase from ripened fruits of Musa acuminata cultivar from Kerala (Musa acuminata cv. Palayankodan). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-015-9228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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178
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Minas IS, Font i Forcada C, Dangl GS, Gradziel TM, Dandekar AM, Crisosto CH. Discovery of non-climacteric and suppressed climacteric bud sport mutations originating from a climacteric Japanese plum cultivar (Prunus salicina Lindl.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:316. [PMID: 26029222 PMCID: PMC4428209 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Japanese plums are classified as climacteric; however, some economically important cultivars selected in California produce very little ethylene and require long ripening both "on" and "off" the tree to reach eating-ripe firmness. To unravel the ripening behavior of different Japanese plum cultivars, ripening was examined in the absence (air) or in the presence of ethylene or propylene (an ethylene analog) following a treatment or not with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, an ethylene action inhibitor). Detailed physiological studies revealed for the first time three distinct ripening types in plum fruit: climacteric, suppressed-climacteric, and non-climacteric. Responding to exogenous ethylene or propylene, the slow-softening supressed-climacteric cultivars produced detectable amounts of ethylene, in contrast to the novel non-climacteric cultivar that produced no ethylene and softened extremely slowly. Genetic analysis using microsatellite markers produced identical DNA profiles for the climacteric cultivars "Santa Rosa" and "July Santa Rosa," the suppressed-climacteric cultivars "Late Santa Rosa," "Casselman," and "Roysum" and the novel non-climacteric "Sweet Miriam," as expected since historic records present most of these cultivars as bud-sport mutations derived initially from "Santa Rosa." This present study provides a novel fruit system to address the molecular basis of ripening and to develop markers that assist breeders in providing high-quality stone fruit cultivars that can remain "on-tree," increasing fruit flavor, saving harvesting costs, and potentially reducing the need for low-temperature storage during postharvest handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S. Minas
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | | | - Gerald S. Dangl
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California, DavisDavis CA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Gradziel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Carlos H. Crisosto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
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179
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Freilich S, Lev S, Gonda I, Reuveni E, Portnoy V, Oren E, Lohse M, Galpaz N, Bar E, Tzuri G, Wissotsky G, Meir A, Burger J, Tadmor Y, Schaffer A, Fei Z, Giovannoni J, Lewinsohn E, Katzir N. Systems approach for exploring the intricate associations between sweetness, color and aroma in melon fruits. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:71. [PMID: 25887588 PMCID: PMC4448286 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melon (Cucumis melo) fruits exhibit phenotypic diversity in several key quality determinants such as taste, color and aroma. Sucrose, carotenoids and volatiles are recognized as the key compounds shaping the above corresponding traits yet the full network of biochemical events underlying their synthesis have not been comprehensively described. To delineate the cellular processes shaping fruit quality phenotypes, a population of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was used as a source of phenotypic and genotypic variations. In parallel, ripe fruits were analyzed for both the quantified level of 77 metabolic traits directly associated with fruit quality and for RNA-seq based expression profiles generated for 27,000 unigenes. First, we explored inter-metabolite association patterns; then, we described metabolites versus gene association patterns; finally, we used the correlation-based associations for predicting uncharacterized synthesis pathways. RESULTS Based on metabolite versus metabolite and metabolite versus gene association patterns, we divided metabolites into two key groups: a group including ethylene and aroma determining volatiles whose accumulation patterns are correlated with the expression of genes involved in the glycolysis and TCA cycle pathways; and a group including sucrose and color determining carotenoids whose accumulation levels are correlated with the expression of genes associated with plastid formation. CONCLUSIONS The study integrates multiple processes into a genome scale perspective of cellular activity. This lays a foundation for deciphering the role of gene markers associated with the determination of fruit quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Freilich
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Shery Lev
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Itay Gonda
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Eli Reuveni
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Vitaly Portnoy
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Elad Oren
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | | | - Navot Galpaz
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
- Migal Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel.
| | - Einat Bar
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Galil Tzuri
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Guy Wissotsky
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Ayala Meir
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Joseph Burger
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Arthur Schaffer
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- USDA-ARS and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - James Giovannoni
- USDA-ARS and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Efraim Lewinsohn
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Nurit Katzir
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
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180
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Cheema S, Sommerhalter M. Characterization of polyphenol oxidase activity in Ataulfo mango. Food Chem 2015; 171:382-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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181
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Pandey R, Gupta A, Chowdhary A, Pal RK, Rajam MV. Over-expression of mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene under the control of fruit-specific promoter enhances fruit quality in tomato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 87:249-60. [PMID: 25537646 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Diamine putrescine (Put) and polyamines; spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) are essential component of every cell because of their involvement in the regulation of cell division, growth and development. The aim of this study is to enhance the levels of Put during fruit development and see its implications in ripening and quality of tomato fruits. Transgenic tomato plants over-expressing mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene under the control of fruit-specific promoter (2A11) were developed. Transgenic fruits exhibited enhanced levels of Put, Spd and Spm, with a concomitant reduction in ethylene levels, rate of respiration and physiological loss of water. Consequently such fruits displayed significant delay of on-vine ripening and prolonged shelf life over untransformed fruits. The activation of Put biosynthetic pathway at the onset of ripening in transgenic fruits is also consistent with the improvement of qualitative traits such as total soluble solids, titratable acids and total sugars. Such changes were associated with alteration in expression pattern of ripening specific genes. Transgenic fruits were also fortified with important nutraceuticals like lycopene, ascorbate and antioxidants. Therefore, these transgenic tomatoes would be useful for the improvement of tomato cultivars through breeding approaches.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biogenic Polyamines/metabolism
- Ethylenes/biosynthesis
- Food, Genetically Modified
- Fruit/enzymology
- Fruit/genetics
- Fruit/growth & development
- Genes, Plant
- Solanum lycopersicum/enzymology
- Solanum lycopersicum/genetics
- Solanum lycopersicum/growth & development
- Mice
- Nutritive Value
- Ornithine Decarboxylase/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Putrescine/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Pandey
- Plant Polyamine, Transgenic and RNAi Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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182
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Czerednik A, Busscher M, Angenent GC, de Maagd RA. The cell size distribution of tomato fruit can be changed by overexpression of CDKA1. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:259-268. [PMID: 25283700 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world and an important ingredient of the human diet. Tomato breeders and growers face a continuous challenge of combining high quantity (production volume) with high quality (appearance, taste and perception for the consumers, processing quality for the processing industry). To improve the quality of tomato, it is important to understand the regulation of fruit development and of fruit cellular structure, which is in part determined by the sizes and numbers of cells within a tissue. The role of the cell cycle therein is poorly understood. Plant cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are homologues of yeast cdc2, an important cell cycle regulator conserved throughout all eukaryotes. CDKA1 is constitutively expressed during the cell cycle and has dual functions in S- and M-phase progression. We have produced transgenic tomato plants with increased expression of CDKA1 under the control of the fruit-specific TPRP promoter, which despite a reduced number of seeds and diminished amount of jelly, developed fruits with weight and shape comparable to that of wild-type fruits. However, the phenotypic changes with regard to the pericarp thickness and placenta area were remarkable. Fruits of tomato plants with the highest expression of CDKA1 had larger septa and columella (placenta), compared with wild-type fruits. Our data demonstrate the possibility of manipulating the ratio between cell division and expansion by changing the expression of a key cell cycle regulator and probably its activity with substantial effects on structural traits of the harvested fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czerednik
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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183
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Shi H, Zhang Y. Pear 14-3-3a gene (Pp14-3-3a) is regulated during fruit ripening and senescense, and involved in response to salicylic acid and ethylene signalling. J Genet 2015; 93:747-53. [PMID: 25572233 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play important roles in regulating plant development and phytohormone (abscisic acid, gibberellin and brassinosteroids) signalling. However, their regulation in fruit ripening and senescense, and response to salicylic acid and ethylene signalling are yet to be illustrated. One cDNA encoding putative 14-3-3 protein was isolated from pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) and designated Pp14-3-3a. Phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that Pp14-3-3a belonged to ε-like group of 14-3-3 superfamilies. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the expression of Pp14-3-3a gene was developmentally regulated in the fruit. Further study demonstrated that Pp14-3-3a expression was inhibited by salicylic acid and induced by ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in pear fruit. These data suggested that Pp14-3-3a might be involved in response to salicylic acid and ethylene signalling during fruit ripening and senescence of pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Shi
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China.
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184
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Zhu M, Li Y, Chen G, Ren L, Xie Q, Zhao Z, Hu Z. Silencing SlELP2L, a tomato Elongator complex protein 2-like gene, inhibits leaf growth, accelerates leaf, sepal senescence, and produces dark-green fruit. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7693. [PMID: 25573793 PMCID: PMC4287726 DOI: 10.1038/srep07693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-subunit complex Elongator interacts with elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and is thought to facilitate transcription through histone acetylation. Elongator is highly conserved in eukaryotes, yet has multiple kingdom-specific functions in diverse organisms. Recent genetic studies performed in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that Elongator functions in plant growth and development, and in response to biotic and abiotic stress. However, little is known about its roles in other plant species. Here, we study the function of an Elongator complex protein 2-like gene in tomato, here designated as SlELP2L, through RNAi-mediated gene silencing. Silencing SlELP2L in tomato inhibits leaf growth, accelerates leaf and sepal senescence, and produces dark-green fruit with reduced GA and IAA contents in leaves, and increased chlorophyll accumulation in pericarps. Gene expression analysis indicated that SlELP2L-silenced plants had reduced transcript levels of ethylene- and ripening-related genes during fruit ripening with slightly decreased carotenoid content in fruits, while the expression of DNA methyltransferase genes was up-regulated, indicating that SlELP2L may modulate DNA methylation in tomato. Besides, silencing SlELP2L increases ABA sensitivity in inhibiting seedling growth. These results suggest that SlELP2L plays important roles in regulating plant growth and development, as well as in response to ABA in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingku Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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185
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Nisar N, Li L, Lu S, Khin NC, Pogson BJ. Carotenoid metabolism in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:68-82. [PMID: 25578273 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are mostly C40 terpenoids, a class of hydrocarbons that participate in various biological processes in plants, such as photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, photoprotection, and development. Carotenoids also serve as precursors for two plant hormones and a diverse set of apocarotenoids. They are colorants and critical components of the human diet as antioxidants and provitamin A. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the genes and enzymes involved in carotenoid metabolism and describe recent progress in understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation. The importance of the specific location of carotenoid enzyme metabolons and plastid types as well as of carotenoid-derived signals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Nisar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Li Li
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Centre for Agriculture and Health, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2100923, China
| | - Nay Chi Khin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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186
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Alkan N, Friedlander G, Ment D, Prusky D, Fluhr R. Simultaneous transcriptome analysis of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and tomato fruit pathosystem reveals novel fungal pathogenicity and fruit defense strategies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:801-15. [PMID: 25377514 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides breaches the fruit cuticle but remains quiescent until fruit ripening signals a switch to necrotrophy, culminating in devastating anthracnose disease. There is a need to understand the distinct fungal arms strategy and the simultaneous fruit response. Transcriptome analysis of fungal-fruit interactions was carried out concurrently in the appressoria, quiescent and necrotrophic stages. Conidia germinating on unripe fruit cuticle showed stage-specific transcription that was accompanied by massive fruit defense responses. The subsequent quiescent stage showed the development of dendritic-like structures and swollen hyphae within the fruit epidermis. The quiescent fungal transcriptome was characterized by activation of chromatin remodeling genes and unsuspected environmental alkalization. Fruit response was portrayed by continued highly integrated massive up-regulation of defense genes. During cuticle infection of green or ripe fruit, fungi recapitulate the same developmental stages but with differing quiescent time spans. The necrotrophic stage showed a dramatic shift in fungal metabolism and up-regulation of pathogenicity factors. Fruit response to necrotrophy showed activation of the salicylic acid pathway, climaxing in cell death. Transcriptome analysis of C. gloeosporioides infection of fruit reveals its distinct stage-specific lifestyle and the concurrent changing fruit response, deepening our perception of the unfolding fungal-fruit arms and defenses race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Alkan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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187
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Piquerez SJM, Harvey SE, Beynon JL, Ntoukakis V. Improving crop disease resistance: lessons from research on Arabidopsis and tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:671. [PMID: 25520730 PMCID: PMC4253662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the great challenges for food security in the 21st century is to improve yield stability through the development of disease-resistant crops. Crop research is often hindered by the lack of molecular tools, growth logistics, generation time and detailed genetic annotations, hence the power of model plant species. Our knowledge of plant immunity today has been largely shaped by the use of models, specifically through the use of mutants. We examine the importance of Arabidopsis and tomato as models in the study of plant immunity and how they help us in revealing a detailed and deep understanding of the various layers contributing to the immune system. Here we describe examples of how knowledge from models can be transferred to economically important crops resulting in new tools to enable and accelerate classical plant breeding. We will also discuss how models, and specifically transcriptomics and effectoromics approaches, have contributed to the identification of core components of the defense response which will be key to future engineering of durable and sustainable disease resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jim L. Beynon
- School of Life Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
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188
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Moyle RL, Koia JH, Vrebalov J, Giovannoni J, Botella JR. The pineapple AcMADS1 promoter confers high level expression in tomato and Arabidopsis flowering and fruiting tissues, but AcMADS1 does not complement the tomato LeMADS-RIN (rin) mutant. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 86:395-407. [PMID: 25139231 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A previous EST study identified a MADS box transcription factor coding sequence, AcMADS1, that is strongly induced during non-climacteric pineapple fruit ripening. Phylogenetic analyses place the AcMADS1 protein in the same superclade as LeMADS-RIN, a master regulator of fruit ripening upstream of ethylene in climacteric tomato. LeMADS-RIN has been proposed to be a global ripening regulator shared among climacteric and non-climacteric species, although few functional homologs of LeMADS-RIN have been identified in non-climacteric species. AcMADS1 shares 67 % protein sequence similarity and a similar expression pattern in ripening fruits as LeMADS-RIN. However, in this study AcMADS1 was not able to complement the tomato rin mutant phenotype, indicating AcMADS1 may not be a functionally conserved homolog of LeMADS-RIN or has sufficiently diverged to be unable to act in the context of the tomato network of interacting proteins. The AcMADS1 promoter directed strong expression of the GUS reporter gene to fruits and developing floral organs in tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting AcMADS1 may play a role in flower development as well as fruitlet ripening. The AcMADS1 promoter provides a useful molecular tool for directing transgene expression, particularly where up-regulation in developing flowers and fruits is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Moyle
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia,
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189
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Huang G, Li T, Li X, Tan D, Jiang Z, Wei Y, Li J, Wang A. Comparative transcriptome analysis of climacteric fruit of Chinese pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) reveals new insights into fruit ripening. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107562. [PMID: 25215597 PMCID: PMC4162642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Pyrus ussuriensis is typically climacteric. During ripening, the fruits produce a large amount of ethylene, and their firmness drops rapidly. Although the molecular basis of climacteric fruit ripening has been studied in depth, some aspects remain unclear. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of pre- and post-climacteric fruits of Chinese pear (P. ussuriensis c.v. Nanguo) using RNA-seq. In total, 3,279 unigenes were differentially expressed between the pre- and post-climacteric fruits. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subjected to Gene Ontology analysis, and 31 categories were significantly enriched in the groups 'biological process', 'molecular function' and 'cellular component'. The DEGs included genes related to plant hormones, such as ethylene, ABA, auxin, GA and brassinosteroid, and transcription factors, such as MADS, NAC, WRKY and HSF. Moreover, genes encoding enzymes related to DNA methylation, cytoskeletal proteins and heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed differential expression between the pre- and post-climacteric fruits. Select DEGs were subjected to further analysis using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and the results were consistent with those of RNA-seq. Our data suggest that in addition to ethylene, other hormones play important roles in regulating fruit ripening and may interact with ethylene signaling during this process. DNA methylation-related methyltransferase and cytoskeletal protein genes are also involved in fruit ripening. Our results provide useful information for future research on pear fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun Wei
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juncai Li
- Division of Pear Breeding, Institute of Pomology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiongyue, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (AW)
| | - Aide Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (AW)
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190
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Majidi H, Minaei S, Almassi M, Mostofi Y. Tomato quality in controlled atmosphere storage, modified atmosphere packaging and cold storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 51:2155-61. [PMID: 25190877 PMCID: PMC4152506 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Effects of controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in comparison with conventional cold storage on qualitative properties of green-mature harvested tomato were evaluated. Qualitative properties included firmness, redness value (a*), hue angle, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) content, Titratable Acidity (TA) and TSS/TA. Under CAS and MAP conditions, gas composition was 5 kPa O2 and 3 kPa CO2. Results showed that the ability of CAS and MAP to retard the ripening process was more than cold storage. With regard to maintaining texture and colour, CAS treatment was the best and MAP was better than cold storage. Although amongst storage treatments, the maximum value of TSS was observed in cold storage, its decreasing trend in CAS was slower than that in cold storage. Additionally, MAP and especially CAS slowed down the diminishing trend of TA in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Majidi
- />Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Simon Bolivar Blvd, Ashrafi Esfehani Highway, Tehran, Iran 1477893855
| | - S. Minaei
- />Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Almassi
- />Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Simon Bolivar Blvd, Ashrafi Esfehani Highway, Tehran, Iran 1477893855
| | - Y. Mostofi
- />Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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191
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Leng P, Yuan B, Guo Y. The role of abscisic acid in fruit ripening and responses to abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4577-88. [PMID: 24821949 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role not only in fruit development and ripening, but also in adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In these processes, the actions of ABA are under the control of complex regulatory mechanisms involving ABA metabolism, signal transduction, and transport. The endogenous ABA content is determined by the dynamic balance between biosynthesis and catabolism, processes which are regulated by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and ABA 8'-hydroxylase (CYP707A), respectively. ABA conjugation by cytosolic UDP-glucosyltransferases, or release by β-glucosidases, is also important for maintaining ABA homeostasis. Recently, multiple putative ABA receptors localized at different subcellular sites have been reported. Among these is a major breakthrough in the field of ABA signalling-the identification of a signalling cascade involving the PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family, the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), and subfamily 2 of the SNF1-related kinases (SnRK2s). With regard to transport, two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins and two ABA transporters in the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter (NRT1/PTR) family have been identified. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on the role of ABA in fruit ripening, stress response, and transcriptional regulation, and also the functional verification of both ABA-responsive and ripening-related genes. In addition, we suggest possible commercial applications of genetic manipulation of ABA signalling to improve fruit quality and yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Leng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University BouleVard, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yangdong Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, PR China
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192
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Busatto N, Farneti B, Tadiello A, Vrhovsek U, Cappellin L, Biasioli F, Velasco R, Costa G, Costa F. Target metabolite and gene transcription profiling during the development of superficial scald in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:193. [PMID: 25038781 PMCID: PMC4115171 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit quality features resulting from ripening processes need to be preserved throughout storage for economical reasons. However, during this period several physiological disorders can occur, of which superficial scald is one of the most important, due to the development of large brown areas on the fruit skin surface. RESULTS This study examined the variation in polyphenolic content with the progress of superficial scald in apple, also with respect to 1-MCP, an ethylene competitor interacting with the hormone receptors and known to interfere with this etiology. The change in the accumulation of these metabolites was further correlated with the gene set involved in this pathway, together with two specific VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds), α-farnesene and its oxidative form, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Metabolite profiling and qRT-PCR assay showed these volatiles are more heavily involved in the signalling system, while the browning coloration would seem to be due more to a specific accumulation of chlorogenic acid (as a consequence of the activation of MdPAL and MdC3H), and its further oxidation carried out by a polyphenol oxidase gene (MdPPO). In this physiological scenario, new evidence regarding the involvement of an anti-apoptotic regulatory mechanism for the compartmentation of this phenomenon in the skin alone was also hypothesized, as suggested by the expression profile of the MdDAD1, MdDND1 and MdLSD1 genes. CONCLUSIONS The results presented in this work represent a step forward in understanding the physiological mechanisms of superficial scald in apple, shedding light on the regulation of the specific physiological cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Busatto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Bologna University, Via Fanin 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Brian Farneti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Bologna University, Via Fanin 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Alice Tadiello
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Cappellin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Costa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Bologna University, Via Fanin 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
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193
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Sauvage C, Segura V, Bauchet G, Stevens R, Do PT, Nikoloski Z, Fernie AR, Causse M. Genome-Wide Association in Tomato Reveals 44 Candidate Loci for Fruit Metabolic Traits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1120-1132. [PMID: 24894148 PMCID: PMC4081326 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have been successful in identifying genes involved in polygenic traits and are valuable for crop improvement. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major crop and is highly appreciated worldwide for its health value. We used a core collection of 163 tomato accessions composed of S. lycopersicum, S. lycopersicum var cerasiforme, and Solanum pimpinellifolium to map loci controlling variation in fruit metabolites. Fruits were phenotyped for a broad range of metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, and ascorbate. In parallel, the accessions were genotyped with 5,995 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers spread over the whole genome. Genome-wide association analysis was conducted on a large set of metabolic traits that were stable over 2 years using a multilocus mixed model as a general method for mapping complex traits in structured populations and applied to tomato. We detected a total of 44 loci that were significantly associated with a total of 19 traits, including sucrose, ascorbate, malate, and citrate levels. These results not only provide a list of candidate loci to be functionally validated but also a powerful analytical approach for finding genetic variants that can be directly used for crop improvement and deciphering the genetic architecture of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sauvage
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet cedex, France (C.S., G.B., R.S., M.C.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR0588, 45075 Orleans cedex 2, France (V.S.);Syngenta Seeds, 31790 Saint Sauveur, France (G.B.);Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.T.D., Z.N., A.R.F.); andFaculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam (P.T.D.)
| | - Vincent Segura
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet cedex, France (C.S., G.B., R.S., M.C.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR0588, 45075 Orleans cedex 2, France (V.S.);Syngenta Seeds, 31790 Saint Sauveur, France (G.B.);Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.T.D., Z.N., A.R.F.); andFaculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam (P.T.D.)
| | - Guillaume Bauchet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet cedex, France (C.S., G.B., R.S., M.C.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR0588, 45075 Orleans cedex 2, France (V.S.);Syngenta Seeds, 31790 Saint Sauveur, France (G.B.);Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.T.D., Z.N., A.R.F.); andFaculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam (P.T.D.)
| | - Rebecca Stevens
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet cedex, France (C.S., G.B., R.S., M.C.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR0588, 45075 Orleans cedex 2, France (V.S.);Syngenta Seeds, 31790 Saint Sauveur, France (G.B.);Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.T.D., Z.N., A.R.F.); andFaculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam (P.T.D.)
| | - Phuc Thi Do
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet cedex, France (C.S., G.B., R.S., M.C.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR0588, 45075 Orleans cedex 2, France (V.S.);Syngenta Seeds, 31790 Saint Sauveur, France (G.B.);Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.T.D., Z.N., A.R.F.); andFaculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam (P.T.D.)
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet cedex, France (C.S., G.B., R.S., M.C.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR0588, 45075 Orleans cedex 2, France (V.S.);Syngenta Seeds, 31790 Saint Sauveur, France (G.B.);Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.T.D., Z.N., A.R.F.); andFaculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam (P.T.D.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet cedex, France (C.S., G.B., R.S., M.C.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR0588, 45075 Orleans cedex 2, France (V.S.);Syngenta Seeds, 31790 Saint Sauveur, France (G.B.);Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.T.D., Z.N., A.R.F.); andFaculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam (P.T.D.)
| | - Mathilde Causse
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet cedex, France (C.S., G.B., R.S., M.C.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR0588, 45075 Orleans cedex 2, France (V.S.);Syngenta Seeds, 31790 Saint Sauveur, France (G.B.);Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.T.D., Z.N., A.R.F.); andFaculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam (P.T.D.)
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194
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Dong T, Chen G, Tian S, Xie Q, Yin W, Zhang Y, Hu Z. A non-climacteric fruit gene CaMADS-RIN regulates fruit ripening and ethylene biosynthesis in climacteric fruit. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95559. [PMID: 24751940 PMCID: PMC3994064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MADS-box genes have been reported to play a major role in the molecular circuit of developmental regulation. Especially, SEPALLATA (SEP) group genes play a central role in the developmental regulation of ripening in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of SEP genes to non-climacteric fruits ripening are still unclear. Here a SEP gene of pepper, CaMADS-RIN, has been cloned and exhibited elevated expression at the onset of ripening of pepper. To further explore the function of CaMADS-RIN, an overexpressed construct was created and transformed into ripening inhibitor (rin) mutant tomato plants. Broad ripening phenotypes were observed in CaMADS-RIN overexpressed rin fruits. The accumulation of carotenoid and expression of PDS and ZDS were enhanced in overexpressed fruits compared with rin mutant. The transcripts of cell wall metabolism genes (PG, EXP1 and TBG4) and lipoxygenase genes (TomloxB and TomloxC) accumulated more abundant compared to rin mutant. Besides, both ethylene-dependent genes including ACS2, ACO1, E4 and E8 and ethylene-independent genes such as HDC and Nor were also up-regulated in transgenic fruits at different levels. Moreover, transgenic fruits showed approximately 1–3 times increase in ethylene production compared with rin mutant fruits. Yeast two-hybrid screen results indicated that CaMADS-RIN could interact with TAGL1, FUL1 and itself respectively as SlMADS-RIN did in vitro. These results suggest that CaMADS-RIN affects fruit ripening of tomato both in ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent aspects, which will provide a set of significant data to explore the role of SEP genes in ripening of non-climacteric fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dong
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibing Tian
- The Institute of Vegetable Research, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Yin
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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195
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Molassiotis A, Tanou G, Filippou P, Fotopoulos V. Proteomics in the fruit tree science arena: new insights into fruit defense, development, and ripening. Proteomics 2014; 13:1871-84. [PMID: 23986917 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fruit tree crops are agricultural commodities of high economic importance, while fruits also represent one of the most vital components of the human diet. Therefore, a great effort has been made to understand the molecular mechanisms covering fundamental biological processes in fruit tree physiology and fruit biology. Thanks to the development of cutting-edge "omics" technologies such as proteomic analysis, scientists now have powerful tools to support traditional fruit tree research. Such proteomic analyses are establishing high-density 2DE reference maps and peptide mass fingerprint databases that can lead fruit science into a new postgenomic research era. Here, an overview of the application of proteomics in key aspects of fruit tree physiology as well as in fruit biology, including defense responses to abiotic and biotic stress factors, is presented. A panoramic view of ripening-related proteins is also discussed, as an example of proteomic application in fruit science.
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196
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Zouari I, Salvioli A, Chialva M, Novero M, Miozzi L, Tenore GC, Bagnaresi P, Bonfante P. From root to fruit: RNA-Seq analysis shows that arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis may affect tomato fruit metabolism. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:221. [PMID: 24655934 PMCID: PMC3997964 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) establishes a beneficial symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The formation of the mycorrhizal association in the roots leads to plant-wide modulation of gene expression. To understand the systemic effect of the fungal symbiosis on the tomato fruit, we used RNA-Seq to perform global transcriptome profiling on Moneymaker tomato fruits at the turning ripening stage. RESULTS Fruits were collected at 55 days after flowering, from plants colonized with Funneliformis mosseae and from control plants, which were fertilized to avoid responses related to nutrient deficiency. Transcriptome analysis identified 712 genes that are differentially expressed in fruits from mycorrhizal and control plants. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes showed 81 overrepresented functional GO classes. Up-regulated GO classes include photosynthesis, stress response, transport, amino acid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism functions, suggesting a general impact of fungal symbiosis on primary metabolisms and, particularly, on mineral nutrition. Down-regulated GO classes include cell wall, metabolism and ethylene response pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR validated the RNA-Seq results for 12 genes out of 14 when tested at three fruit ripening stages, mature green, breaker and turning. Quantification of fruit nutraceutical and mineral contents produced values consistent with the expression changes observed by RNA-Seq analysis. CONCLUSIONS This RNA-Seq profiling produced a novel data set that explores the intersection of mycorrhization and fruit development. We found that the fruits of mycorrhizal plants show two transcriptomic "signatures": genes characteristic of a climacteric fleshy fruit, and genes characteristic of mycorrhizal status, like phosphate and sulphate transporters. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants under low nutrient conditions produce fruits with a nutrient content similar to those from non-mycorrhizal plants under high nutrient conditions, indicating that AM fungi can help replace exogenous fertilizer for fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Zouari
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvioli
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Chialva
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Novero
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Miozzi
- />Institute of Plant Virology-IVV-CNR, Strada Delle Cacce, 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagnaresi
- />Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, via S. Protaso, 302 I, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
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197
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Whole-genome sequencing of cultivated and wild peppers provides insights into Capsicum domestication and specialization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5135-40. [PMID: 24591624 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400975111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As an economic crop, pepper satisfies people's spicy taste and has medicinal uses worldwide. To gain a better understanding of Capsicum evolution, domestication, and specialization, we present here the genome sequence of the cultivated pepper Zunla-1 (C. annuum L.) and its wild progenitor Chiltepin (C. annuum var. glabriusculum). We estimate that the pepper genome expanded ∼0.3 Mya (with respect to the genome of other Solanaceae) by a rapid amplification of retrotransposons elements, resulting in a genome comprised of ∼81% repetitive sequences. Approximately 79% of 3.48-Gb scaffolds containing 34,476 protein-coding genes were anchored to chromosomes by a high-density genetic map. Comparison of cultivated and wild pepper genomes with 20 resequencing accessions revealed molecular footprints of artificial selection, providing us with a list of candidate domestication genes. We also found that dosage compensation effect of tandem duplication genes probably contributed to the pungent diversification in pepper. The Capsicum reference genome provides crucial information for the study of not only the evolution of the pepper genome but also, the Solanaceae family, and it will facilitate the establishment of more effective pepper breeding programs.
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Biais B, Bénard C, Beauvoit B, Colombié S, Prodhomme D, Ménard G, Bernillon S, Gehl B, Gautier H, Ballias P, Mazat JP, Sweetlove L, Génard M, Gibon Y. Remarkable reproducibility of enzyme activity profiles in tomato fruits grown under contrasting environments provides a roadmap for studies of fruit metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1204-21. [PMID: 24474652 PMCID: PMC3938614 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.231241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To assess the influence of the environment on fruit metabolism, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Moneymaker') plants were grown under contrasting conditions (optimal for commercial, water limited, or shaded production) and locations. Samples were harvested at nine stages of development, and 36 enzyme activities of central metabolism were measured as well as protein, starch, and major metabolites, such as hexoses, sucrose, organic acids, and amino acids. The most remarkable result was the high reproducibility of enzyme activities throughout development, irrespective of conditions or location. Hierarchical clustering of enzyme activities also revealed tight relationships between metabolic pathways and phases of development. Thus, cell division was characterized by high activities of fructokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, indicating ATP production as a priority, whereas cell expansion was characterized by enzymes involved in the lower part of glycolysis, suggesting a metabolic reprogramming to anaplerosis. As expected, enzymes involved in the accumulation of sugars, citrate, and glutamate were strongly increased during ripening. However, a group of enzymes involved in ATP production, which is probably fueled by starch degradation, was also increased. Metabolites levels seemed more sensitive than enzymes to the environment, although such differences tended to decrease at ripening. The integration of enzyme and metabolite data obtained under contrasting growth conditions using principal component analysis suggests that, with the exceptions of alanine amino transferase and glutamate and malate dehydrogenase and malate, there are no links between single enzyme activities and metabolite time courses or levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Biais
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Camille Bénard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Bertrand Beauvoit
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Sophie Colombié
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Duyên Prodhomme
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Guillaume Ménard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Bernadette Gehl
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Hélène Gautier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Patricia Ballias
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Mazat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Lee Sweetlove
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
| | - Michel Génard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- University of Bordeaux, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, F–33076 Bordeaux cedex, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., J.-P.M., Y.G.)
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique—Bordeaux, F–33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (B.Bi., C.B., B.Be., S.C., D.P., G.M., S.B., P.B., Y.G.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, F–84914 Avignon cedex 9, France (C.B., H.G., M.G.); and
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom (B.G., L.S.)
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199
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Kim S, Park M, Yeom SI, Kim YM, Lee JM, Lee HA, Seo E, Choi J, Cheong K, Kim KT, Jung K, Lee GW, Oh SK, Bae C, Kim SB, Lee HY, Kim SY, Kim MS, Kang BC, Jo YD, Yang HB, Jeong HJ, Kang WH, Kwon JK, Shin C, Lim JY, Park JH, Huh JH, Kim JS, Kim BD, Cohen O, Paran I, Suh MC, Lee SB, Kim YK, Shin Y, Noh SJ, Park J, Seo YS, Kwon SY, Kim HA, Park JM, Kim HJ, Choi SB, Bosland PW, Reeves G, Jo SH, Lee BW, Cho HT, Choi HS, Lee MS, Yu Y, Do Choi Y, Park BS, van Deynze A, Ashrafi H, Hill T, Kim WT, Pai HS, Ahn HK, Yeam I, Giovannoni JJ, Rose JKC, Sørensen I, Lee SJ, Kim RW, Choi IY, Choi BS, Lim JS, Lee YH, Choi D. Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum species. Nat Genet 2014; 46:270-8. [PMID: 24441736 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum), one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Americas, is the most widely grown spice crop in the world. We report whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the hot pepper (Mexican landrace of Capsicum annuum cv. CM334) at 186.6× coverage. We also report resequencing of two cultivated peppers and de novo sequencing of the wild species Capsicum chinense. The genome size of the hot pepper was approximately fourfold larger than that of its close relative tomato, and the genome showed an accumulation of Gypsy and Caulimoviridae family elements. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that change in gene expression and neofunctionalization of capsaicin synthase have shaped capsaicinoid biosynthesis. We found differential molecular patterns of ripening regulators and ethylene synthesis in hot pepper and tomato. The reference genome will serve as a platform for improving the nutritional and medicinal values of Capsicum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungill Kim
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2]
| | - Minkyu Park
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Seon-In Yeom
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Je Min Lee
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2]
| | - Eunyoung Seo
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2]
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeongchae Cheong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyongyong Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gir-Won Lee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Oh
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chungyun Bae
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3] Vegetable Breeding Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Deuk Jo
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Bum Yang
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Vegetable Breeding Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanseok Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hoe Huh
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Sik Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Dong Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oded Cohen
- Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ilan Paran
- Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Saet Buyl Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ki Kim
- Genomics Genetics Institute, GreenGene BioTech, Inc., Yongin, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Young Sam Seo
- Ginseng Resources Research Laboratory, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun A Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Choi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Paul W Bosland
- 1] Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. [2] Chile Pepper Institute, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gregory Reeves
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | - Hyung-Taeg Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeisoo Yu
- Arizona Genomics Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Park
- Agricultural Genome Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Allen van Deynze
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hamid Ashrafi
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Theresa Hill
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Ahn
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhwa Yeam
- Department of Horticulture and Breeding, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - James J Giovannoni
- 1] US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center, Ithaca, New York, USA. [2] Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Iben Sørensen
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sang-Jik Lee
- Biotechnology Institute, Nongwoo Bio, Yeoju, Korea
| | - Ryan W Kim
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom-Soon Choi
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Lim
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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200
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Takizawa A, Hyodo H, Wada K, Ishii T, Satoh S, Iwai H. Regulatory specialization of xyloglucan (XG) and glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) in pericarp cell walls during fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLoS One 2014; 9:e89871. [PMID: 24587088 PMCID: PMC3935947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disassembly of cell wall polysaccharides by various cell wall hydrolases during fruit softening causes structural changes in hemicellulose and pectin that affect the physical properties and softening of tomato fruit. In a previous study, we showed that the changes in pectin during tomato fruit ripening were unique in each fruit tissue. In this study, to clarify the changes in hemicellulose in tissues during tomato fruit ripening, we focused on glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) and xyloglucan (XG). GAX was detected only in the skin and inner epidermis of the pericarp using LM11 antibodies, whereas a large increase in XG was detected in all fruit tissues using LM15 antibodies. The activity of hemicellulose degradation enzymes, such as β-xylosidase and α-arabinofuranosidase, decreased gradually during fruit ripening, although the tomato fruits continued to soften. In contrast, GAX and XG biosynthesis-related genes were expressed in all tomato fruit tissues even during ripening, indicating that XG was synthesized throughout the fruit and that GAX may be synthesized only in the vascular bundles and the inner epidermis. Our results suggest that changes in the cell wall architecture and tissue-specific distribution of XG and GAX might be required for the regulation of fruit softening and the maintenance of fruit shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Takizawa
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hyodo
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kanako Wada
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinobu Satoh
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwai
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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