151
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Liu A, Raja xavier J, Singh Y, Brucker SY, Salker MS. Molecular and Physiological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Women and Pregnancy. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:756362. [PMID: 35284910 PMCID: PMC8908006 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.756362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst scientific knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is rapidly increasing, much of the effects on pregnant women is still unknown. To accommodate pregnancy, the human endometrium must undergo a physiological transformation called decidualization. These changes encompass the remodeling of endometrial immune cells leading to immunotolerance of the semi-allogenic conceptus as well as defense against pathogens. The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an important regulatory role in the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) and has been shown to be protective against comorbidities known to worsen COVID-19 outcomes. Furthermore, ACE2 is also crucial for decidualization and thus for early gestation. An astounding gender difference has been found in COVID-19 with male patients presenting with more severe cases and higher mortality rates. This could be attributed to differences in sex chromosomes, hormone levels and behavior patterns. Despite profound changes in the female body during pregnancy, expectant mothers do not face worse outcomes compared with non-pregnant women. Whereas mother-to-child transmission through respiratory droplets during labor or in the postnatal period is known, another question of in utero transmission remains unanswered. Evidence of placental SARS-CoV-2 infection and expression of viral entry receptors at the maternal-fetal interface suggests the possibility of in utero transmission. SARS-CoV-2 can cause further harm through placental damage, maternal systemic inflammation, and hindered access to health care during the pandemic. More research on the effects of COVID-19 during early pregnancy as well as vaccination and treatment options for gravid patients is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liu
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet Raja xavier
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S. Salker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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152
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Hidayat M, Muljono P, Maarif S, Saleh A. Indigenous Village-Based Disaster Communication in COVID-19 Management. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Communication should always take the role to connect the community to disaster risk reduction actions. Communication aspects that must be mainly prepared are the knowledge of disaster signs, elements involved in disasters, disaster communication media, resources, the sources of basic needs of affected communities, the means of aid distribution, and human resources. Communication activities should always be carried out between the community and various stakeholders to ensure their readiness in the face of possible disaster. This study aimed to determine the Indigenous Village-based disaster communication strategy in Bali Province. Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive method. The data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing at pre-research, during research, and post-research. Data collection was done by observing, interviewing and documenting. Results: The results of this study found that the communication model carried out by Bali Province in handling COVID-19 was by utilizing the role of Indigenous Villages and service villages to communicate with the community. The uniqueness of the Bali Province which still adheres to social, cultural and religious aspects becomes its strength in COVID-19 management
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153
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Kang E, Lee H, Hong KJ, Yun J, Lee JY, Hong YC. General public’s perspectives on telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: an analysis of the nationwide survey. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022020. [PMID: 35130418 PMCID: PMC9117104 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the awareness, experience, approval, intention to use, and the desired type of telemedicine among Korean general public. METHODS From November to December 2020, we conducted an online self-reported survey on awareness, experience, approval, and intent to use telemedicine services among Korean residents aged 20 years or older. A total of 2,097 participants completed the survey. RESULTS Of the 2,097 participants, 1,558 (74.3%) were aware of, 1,198 (57.1%) approved of, and 1,474 (70.3%) had the intention to use telemedicine. Participants from regions other than the Seoul metropolitan area and Daegu–Gyeongbuk Province (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.63), households with a monthly household income of US$6,000 or more (aOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.08), participants who had a college/university or associate’s degree (aOR, 1.35. 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.75) or a master’s degree or above (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.50), and housewives (aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.64) had higher odds of approval. Elderly participants, those with a chronic disease (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.54), those who had experienced delays of healthcare services (aOR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.96), and those who had experience with telemedicine (aOR, 4.28; 95% CI, 1.69 to 10.82) were more likely to intend to use telemedicine services. Regarding types of telemedicine, teleconsultation between doctors showed the highest approval rate (73.1%). CONCLUSIONS In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, more than 70% of participants had already used or intended to use telemedicine at some point. Groups with a substantial need for telemedicine were more in favor of telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunKyo Kang
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki Jeong Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- ublic Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Jin Yong Lee Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea E-mail:
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Co-correspondence: Yun-Chul Hong Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea E-mail:
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154
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Ma X, Guo S, Ruan S, Liu Y, Zang J, Yang Y, Dong H, Li Y, Ren T, An M, Li Y. HACE2-Exosome-Based Nano-Bait for Concurrent SARS-CoV-2 Trapping and Antioxidant Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4882-4891. [PMID: 35067058 PMCID: PMC8805705 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seriously threatening human health. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, immune cell infiltration creates an inflammatory and oxidative microenvironment, which can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death. Clinically, a safe and effective treatment strategy remains to be established. Herein, a nano-bait strategy for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by redirecting viral attack while simultaneously relieving inflammation is developed. Specifically, the nano-bait was based on the exosome-sheathed polydopamine (PDA@Exosome) nanoparticles, which were generated by exocytosis of the PDA nanoparticles from H293T cells. In this approach, PDA@Exosome inherits from the source cells of H293T cells a surface display of ACE2 through pre-engineered expression. The resulting PDA@Exosome can compete with ACE2-expressing epithelial cells for S protein binding, in either the pre-exposure or post-exposure route. Moreover, relying on the ability of PDA to intercept and deactivate radical species, the PDA@Exosome can significantly attenuate the level of inflammatory cytokines by mediating oxidative stress, a major cause of organ injury. Due to its high trapping, multiple antioxidant ability, and good biocompatibility, the HACE2-exosome based nano-bait is a promising robust antiviral nanotherapeutics for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Ma
- Shanghai
Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering &
Nano Science, Tongji University School of
Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Guo
- Department
of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shuangrong Ruan
- Shanghai
Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering &
Nano Science, Tongji University School of
Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Shanghai
Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering &
Nano Science, Tongji University School of
Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zang
- Shanghai
Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering &
Nano Science, Tongji University School of
Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yushan Yang
- Shanghai
Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering &
Nano Science, Tongji University School of
Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Shanghai
Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering &
Nano Science, Tongji University School of
Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai
Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering &
Nano Science, Tongji University School of
Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tianbin Ren
- Shanghai
Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering &
Nano Science, Tongji University School of
Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Maomao An
- Department
of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai
Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering &
Nano Science, Tongji University School of
Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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155
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Choi JH, Lee YH, Kwon TW, Ko SG, Nah SY, Cho IH. Can Panax ginseng help control cytokine storm in COVID-19? J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:337-347. [PMID: 35233163 PMCID: PMC8876050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 are directly associated with hyper-activation of innate immune response that excessively produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce cytokine storm, leading to multi-organ-failure and significant morbidity/mortality. Currently, several antiviral drugs such as Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) and molnupiravir are authorized to treat mild to moderate COVID-19, however, there are still no drugs that can specifically fight against challenges of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Panax ginseng, a medicinal plant widely used for treating various conditions, might be appropriate for this need due to its anti-inflammatory/cytokine/viral activities, fewer side effects, and cost efficiency. To review Panax ginseng and its pharmacologically active-ingredients as potential phytopharmaceuticals for treating cytokine storm of COVID-19, articles that reporting its positive effects on the cytokine production were searched from academic databases. Experimental/clinical evidences for the effectiveness of Panax ginseng and its active-ingredients in preventing or mitigating cytokine storm, especially for the cascade of cytokine storm, suggest that they might be beneficial as an adjunct treatment for cytokine storm of COVID-19. This review may provide a new approach to discover specific medications using Panax ginseng to control cytokine storm of COVID-19.
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156
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Natural resistance against infections: focus on COVID-19. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:106-116. [PMID: 34924297 PMCID: PMC8648669 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Not all individuals exposed to a pathogen develop illness: some are naturally resistant whereas others develop an asymptomatic infection. Epidemiological studies suggest that there is similar variability in susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. We propose that natural resistance is part of the disease history in some individuals exposed to this new coronavirus. Epidemiological arguments for natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2 are the lower seropositivity of children compared to adults, studies on closed environments of ships with outbreaks, and prevalence studies in some developing countries. Potential mechanisms of natural resistance include host genetic variants, viral interference, cross-protective natural antibodies, T cell immunity, and highly effective innate immune responses. Better understanding of natural resistance can help to advance preventive and therapeutic measures against infections for improved preparedness against potential future pandemics.
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157
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A Case of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia after the First Dose of COVID-19 mRNA-1273 Vaccine with Undetected Pernicious Anemia. Case Rep Hematol 2022; 2022:2036460. [PMID: 35103106 PMCID: PMC8799952 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2036460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By this time, multiple vaccines have been approved to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. These include new-generation vaccines that contain mRNA of the target organism. Some common side effects were identified and reported during phase 3 clinical trials of vaccination, but more rare adverse events were reported in the literature. One such concern is autoimmune conditions that SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens could have possibly incited. We are presenting here a case of a young female with no known autoimmune diseases, diagnosed with autoimmune hemolytic anemia about a week after receiving her first dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. We discuss the possible culprit for precipitation of autoimmune hemolytic anemia after the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, which encodes virus spike protein. This case highlights the importance of being vigilant for identifying rare adverse events that could appear during mass vaccination.
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158
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Sasaki H, Itoh A, Watanabe Y, Nakajima Y, Saisho Y, Irie J, Meguro S, Itoh H. Newly developed type 1 diabetes after COVID-19 vaccination: A case report. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1105-1108. [PMID: 35088548 PMCID: PMC9153841 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The vaccine for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to potentially develop or worsen diabetes. A 73-year-old Japanese woman received 2 doses of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. Four-weeks after the second vaccination, her glycemic control began to deteriorate and 8 weeks after the second vaccination, the patient was diagnosed with new-onset type 1 diabetes that was strongly positive for autoantibodies and showed a disease-susceptible HLA haplotype, DRB1*04:05:01-DQB1*04:01:01. The glucagon stimulation test suggested an insulin-dependent state and induction of intensive insulin therapy made her fair glycemic control. The duration from the COVID-19 vaccination to the development of type 1 diabetes is relatively longer than to the onset or exacerbation of type 2 diabetes as previously reported, suggesting the complicated immunological mechanisms for the destruction of β-cells associated with the vaccination. In recipients with the disease-susceptible haplotypes, it should be cautious about autoimmune responses during several months after the vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Arata Itoh
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Nakajima
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saisho
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Junichiro Irie
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shu Meguro
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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159
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Zhao W, Li H, Li J, Xu B, Xu J. The mechanism of multiple organ dyfunction syndrome in patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol 2022; 94:1886-1892. [PMID: 35088424 PMCID: PMC9015222 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In late 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) arose, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This disease rapidly became a public health event of international concern. In addition to the most typical symptoms of dyspnea, numerous patients with COVID‐19 exhibited systemic symptoms, such as cardiovascular disease, liver and kidney failure, and disorders in coagulation. At present, clinical data indicates that numerous patients who are critically ill die from multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). Moreover, the entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 into cells causing severe pathology and progressive organ failure is precisely mediated by the human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 protein. This plays a role in maintaining both fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, ensuring the stability of the internal environment. Therefore, the present review aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of MODS caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection based on the current clinical data and previous studies. Inflammatory factor storm, oxidative stress, and disseminated intravascular coagulation cause multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein, closely related to viral infection, mediates organ damage and causes MODS. Aging, underlying disease, and obesity downregulate ACE2 and may exacerbate MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hanmeng Li
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Cixi Maternity&Child Health Care Hospital, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- The First Afiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine Xinjiang Shihezi
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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160
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Liver Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: Possible Role of Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020192. [PMID: 35214651 PMCID: PMC8880796 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 show a high prevalence of liver injury. The pattern of this liver damage is still not fully understood. Different etiopathogenetic factors may concur; from a direct cytopathic effect, once the virus binds to the ACE-2 receptors, to the immune-mediated collateral damage, due to cytokine storm. The presence of pre-existing chronic liver disease is a contributing factor for acute organ damage during SARS-CoV2 infection. Last but not least, treatments probably play a role, also, in determining hepatotoxicity: many of the drugs we have used or are still using to treat COVID-19, combined with non-invasive ventilation, are known to sometimes determine acute liver injury. Although liver damage associated with COVID-19 is often transient and can resolve without any special treatment, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms, particularly to better treat its more severe forms.
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161
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Chen HY, Li XX, Li C, Zhu HC, Hou HY, Zhang B, Cheng LM, Hu H, Lu ZX, Liu JX, Yang ZR, Zhang L, Xu N, Chen L, He C, Dong CR, Ge QG, Lin J. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Signatures in Circulating Cell-Free DNA as Early Warning Biomarkers for COVID-19 Progression and Myocardial Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781267. [PMID: 35071229 PMCID: PMC8770986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from moderate to critical conditions, leading to death in some patients, and the early warning indicators of the COVID-19 progression and the occurrence of its serious complications such as myocardial injury are limited. Methods: We carried out a multi-center, prospective cohort study in three hospitals in Wuhan. Genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiles in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was used to identify risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia and develop a machine learning model using samples from 53 healthy volunteers, 66 patients with moderate COVID-19, 99 patients with severe COVID-19, and 38 patients with critical COVID-19. Results: Our warning model demonstrated that an area under the curve (AUC) for 5hmC warning moderate patients developed into severe status was 0.81 (95% CI 0.77–0.85) and for severe patients developed into critical status was 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.96). We further built a warning model on patients with and without myocardial injury with the AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.95). Conclusion: This is the first study showing the utility of 5hmC as an accurate early warning marker for disease progression and myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. Our results show that phosphodiesterase 4D and ten-eleven translocation 2 may be important markers in the progression of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Chuan Zhu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Yan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Xing Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Ruo Yang
- Yang Sheng Tang Natural Medicine Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yang Sheng Tang Natural Medicine Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Yang Sheng Tang Natural Medicine Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chao-Ran Dong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Gang Ge
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
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162
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Feng S, Song F, Guo W, Tan J, Zhang X, Qiao F, Guo J, Zhang L, Jia X. Potential Genes Associated with COVID-19 and Comorbidity. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:402-415. [PMID: 35165525 PMCID: PMC8795808 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.67815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease are common comorbidities and dangerous factors for infection and serious COVID-19. Polymorphisms in genes associated with comorbidities may help observe susceptibility and disease severity variation. However, specific genetic factors and the extent to which they can explain variation in susceptibility of severity are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated candidate genes associated with COVID-19 and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. In particular, we performed searches against OMIM, NCBI, and other databases, protein-protein interaction network construction, and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Results showed that the associated overlapping genes were TLR4, NLRP3, MBL2, IL6, IL1RN, IL1B, CX3CR1, CCR5, AGT, ACE, and F2. GO and KEGG analyses yielded 302 GO terms (q < 0.05) and 29 signaling pathways (q < 0.05), respectively, mainly including coronavirus disease-COVID-19 and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. IL6 and AGT were central in the PPI, with 8 and 5 connections, respectively. In this study, we identified 11 genes associated with both COVID-19 and three comorbidities that may contribute to infection and disease severity. The key genes IL6 and AGT are involved in regulating immune response, cytokine activity, and viral infection. Therefore, RAAS inhibitors, AGT antisense nucleotides, cytokine inhibitors, vitamin D, fenofibrate, and vaccines regulating non-immune and immune factors could be potential strategies to prevent and cure COVID-19. The study provides a basis for further investigation of genes and pathways with predictive value for the risk of infection and prognosis and could help guide drug and vaccine development to improve treatment efficacy and the development of personalised treatments, especially for COVID-19 individuals with common comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Feng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Department of medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Jishan Tan
- Department of medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianqin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengling Qiao
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Muhammad A, Forcados GE, Sani H, Ndidi US, Adamu A, Katsayal BS, Sadiq IZ, Abubakar YS, Sulaiman I, Abubakar IB, Yusuf AP, Malami I, Ibrahim S, Abubakar MB. Epigenetic modifications associated with genes implicated in cytokine storm: The potential biotherapeutic effects of vitamins and minerals in COVID‐19. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14079. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Hadiza Sani
- Department of Medicine Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria
| | - Uche Samuel Ndidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | - Auwal Adamu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Ibrahim Sulaiman
- Department of Human Physiology Federal University Dutse Dutse Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria
| | - Sani Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
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Oulianski M, Rosinsky PJ, Fuhrmann A, Sokolov R, Arriola R, Lubovsky O. Decrease in incidence of proximal femur fractures in the elderly population during the Covid-19 pandemic: a case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:61. [PMID: 35039016 PMCID: PMC8763134 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization classified Covid-19 as a pandemic during the first months of 2020 as lockdown measures were implemented globally to mitigate the increasing incidence of Covid-19-related morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of national lockdown measures on proximal femur fracture epidemiology. Our hypothesis was that due to the prolonged period of stay-at-home orders, we would observe a decrease in the incidence of proximal femur fractures during the years 2020–21. Methods A retrospective case–control study of 2784 hip fractures admitted to the emergency department at one hospital between January 1, 2010, and March 31, 2021, was conducted. Cases were stratified weekly, and an analysis was conducted comparing cases occurring during government-imposed lockdown periods of 2020–21 to corresponding periods during 2010–2019. Furthermore, the trend of cases throughout the year of 2020 was observed. Results Of all proximal femur fracture cases included, 2522 occurred between 2010–2019 and 261 during the Covid-19 period. There was no significant difference in age (81.95 vs. 82.09; P = 0.78) or gender (P = 0.12). There was a total decrease of 21.64% in proximal femur fracture per week during the entirety of the Covid-19 pandemic period compared to the previous years (3.64 ± 1.99 vs. 4.76 ± 0.83; P = 0.001). During all three lockdown periods, there was a significant decrease in proximal femur fracture cases per week (3.55 ± 2.60 vs. 4.87 ± 0.95; P = 0.04), and the most pronounced decrease occurred during the third lockdown period (2.89 ± 1.96 vs. 5.23 ± 1.18; P = 0.01). Conclusion We observed a total decrease in the number of proximal femur fractures occurring during the Covid-19 era compared to previous years and specifically a decrease of cases occurring during the government-imposed lockdown periods. The decrease in cases was more pronounced during the second and third lockdown periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oulianski
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel.
| | - Philip J Rosinsky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Ariel Fuhrmann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Ruslan Sokolov
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Roberto Arriola
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Omri Lubovsky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
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Cifuentes-Faura J. Is Environmental Pollution Associated with an Increased Number of COVID-19 Cases in Europe? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:703. [PMID: 35055525 PMCID: PMC8775343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented crisis, resulting in a global pandemic with millions infected and dying. Given the importance given to sustainability and the reduction in pollutant gases in recent years, the main objective of this study was to determine whether pollutant emissions are associated with an increased number of COVID-19 cases in Europe. Other demographic variables that may have an impact on the number of coronavirus cases, such as population density, average age or the level of restrictive policies implemented by governments, are also included. It has been shown that the emission of carbon monoxide pollutant gases and pollutant emissions from transport positively affect the incidence of COVID-19, so that the sustainable policy implemented in recent years in Europe should be reinforced, and tougher sanctions and measures should be imposed when pollution thresholds are exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cifuentes-Faura
- Department of Financial Economics and Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Rifai A, Wahono CS, Pratama MZ, Handono K, Susianti H, Iskandar A, Diyah N, Santoningsih D, Samsu N, Gunawan A. Association Between the Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of Inactivated SARS-CoV2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) with the Presence of Hypertension among Health Care Workers. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:233-239. [PMID: 34994256 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.2022687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to observe the association between the presence of hypertension with Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness among healthcare workers who received CoronaVac vaccination. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia on 155 healthcare workers aged 18-59 years old who already received twice of the CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Science, Beijing, China) injection with 14-day intervals. Hypertension was diagnosed according to the 2020 International Society of Hypertension. Subjects were monitored for six months. The primary outcome was the rate of Covid-19 diagnosed by the pharyngeal swab for the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination. The secondary endpoints were: (1) severity of Covid-19 among infected participants; (2) rate of hospitalizations; and (3) anti-SRBD antibody levels measured by ECLIA. RESULTS Among 155 participants, 18.7% of them were diagnosed with hypertension, and 31.0% had the desirable BP target according to the current guidelines. Subjects with hypertension, especially those with uncontrolled blood pressure, had a higher incidence of Covid-19 infection than subjects without hypertension. Subjects with symptomatic Covid-19 and hospitalized because of Covid-19 were higher in participants with hypertension. The anti-SRBD antibody levels were lower in the second month after CoronaVac vaccination in hypertensive subjects. In contrast, comparable anti-SRBD levels were seen from both groups at sixth months after vaccination. CONCLUSION Hypertension was associated with lower vaccine effectiveness in healthcare workers. Subjects with hypertension had a higher risk of being infected with Covid-19 despite getting a complete dose of vaccination and lower antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Rifai
- Nephrology and Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Cesarius Singgih Wahono
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mirza Zaka Pratama
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kusworini Handono
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hani Susianti
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Iskandar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nurima Diyah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Santoningsih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nur Samsu
- Nephrology and Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Atma Gunawan
- Nephrology and Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
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167
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Terai H, Hori Y, Takahashi S, Tamai K, Iwamae M, Hoshino M, Ohyama S, Yabu A, Nakamura H. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of locomotive syndrome. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2022; 29:23094990211060967. [PMID: 34894867 DOI: 10.1177/23094990211060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected people in various ways, including restricting their mobility and depriving them of exercise opportunities. Such circumstances can trigger locomotor deterioration and impairment, which is known as locomotive syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of locomotive syndrome in the pandemic and to identify its risk factors. Methods: This was a multicenter questionnaire survey performed between 1 November 2020 and 31 December 2020 in Japan. Patients who visited the orthopedics clinic were asked to answer a questionnaire about their symptoms, exercise habits, and locomotor function at two time points, namely, pre-pandemic and post-second wave (current). The incidence of locomotive syndrome in the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated. Additionally, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for developing locomotive syndrome during the pandemic. Results: A total of 2829 patients were enrolled in this study (average age: 61.1 ± 17.1 years; 1532 women). The prevalence of locomotive syndrome was 30% pre-pandemic, which increased significantly to 50% intra-pandemic. Among the patients with no symptoms of locomotive syndrome, 30% developed it in the wake of the pandemic. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, older age, deteriorated or newly occurring symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, complaints about the spine or hip/knee joints, and no or decreased exercise habits were independent risk factors for developing locomotive syndrome. Conclusions: The prevalence of locomotive syndrome in patients with musculoskeletal disorders has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to age, locomotor symptoms, especially spine or hip/knee joint complaints, and exercise habits were associated with the development of locomotive syndrome. Although the control of infection is a priority, the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and ensuring exercise habits are also essential issues to address during a pandemic such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomi Terai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Iwamae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ohyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akito Yabu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Sokolski M, Reszka K, Suchocki T, Adamik B, Doroszko A, Drobnik J, Gorka-Dynysiewicz J, Jedrzejczyk M, Kaliszewski K, Kilis-Pstrusinska K, Konopska B, Kopec A, Larysz A, Lis W, Matera-Witkiewicz A, Pawlik-Sobecka L, Rosiek-Biegus M, Sokolska JM, Sokolowski J, Zapolska-Tomasiewicz A, Protasiewicz M, Madziarska K, Jankowska EA. History of Heart Failure in Patients Hospitalized Due to COVID-19: Relevant Factor of In-Hospital Complications and All-Cause Mortality up to Six Months. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11010241. [PMID: 35011982 PMCID: PMC8746048 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) are at high risk of unfavorable courses of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with HF. Methods: Data of patients hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Poland between March 2020 and May 2021 with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. The study population was divided into a HF group (patients with a history of HF) and a non-HF group. Results: Out of 2184 patients (65 ± 13 years old, 50% male), 12% had a history of HF. Patients from the HF group were older, more often males, had more comorbidities, more often dyspnea, pulmonary and peripheral congestion, inflammation, and end-organ damage biomarkers. HF patients had longer and more complicated hospital stay, with more frequent acute HF development as compared with non-HF. They had significantly higher mortality assessed in hospital (35% vs. 12%) at three (53% vs. 22%) and six months (72% vs. 47%). Of 76 (4%) patients who developed acute HF, 71% died during hospitalization, 79% at three, and 87% at six months. Conclusions: The history of HF identifies patients with COVID-19 who are at high risk of in-hospital complications and mortality up to six months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Sokolski
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.S.); (A.Z.-T.); (M.P.); (E.A.J.)
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717331112
| | - Konrad Reszka
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Tomasz Suchocki
- Biostatistics Group, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Adamik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Drobnik
- Gerontology Unit, Public Health Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Gorka-Dynysiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Jedrzejczyk
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Internal Medicine Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kaliszewski
- Clinical Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | | | - Bogusława Konopska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kopec
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.R.-B.)
| | - Anna Larysz
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
- Clinical Department of Heart Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Institute of Heart Disease, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Lis
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
| | | | - Lilla Pawlik-Sobecka
- Division of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Rosiek-Biegus
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.R.-B.)
| | - Justyna M. Sokolska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.S.); (A.Z.-T.); (M.P.); (E.A.J.)
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Janusz Sokolowski
- Clinical Department of Emergency Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Zapolska-Tomasiewicz
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.S.); (A.Z.-T.); (M.P.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Marcin Protasiewicz
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.S.); (A.Z.-T.); (M.P.); (E.A.J.)
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Madziarska
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa A. Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.M.S.); (A.Z.-T.); (M.P.); (E.A.J.)
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
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Rodríguez Quejada L, Toro Wills MF, Martínez-Ávila MC, Patiño-Aldana AF. Menstrual cycle disturbances after COVID-19 vaccination. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 18:17455057221109375. [PMID: 35796571 PMCID: PMC9295013 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221109375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After COVID-19 vaccination, women of reproductive age reported changes in their menstrual cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was carried out after a survey on social networks that included women aged 18-41 years with normal cycles according to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and who were vaccinated (complete schedule for two doses, except J&J/Janssen or incomplete with a single dose). Women with following conditions were excluded: pregnant or lactating women; history of diseases that cause menstrual irregularities or early menopause: anorexia, bulimia, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, obesity, or low weight; hysterectomized or oophorectomized patients; and high performance athletes. RESULTS Overall, 950 women completed the survey between July and September 2021. In total, 408 women met the inclusion criteria, and 184 reported the following characteristics: frequency (normal 43.47%, infrequent 25%, and frequent 31.53%), regularity (regular 51.08%, irregular 42.93%, and absent/amenorrhea 5.97%), duration (normal 65.21%, prolonged 26.08%, absent/amenorrhea 8.69%), and volume (heavy 41.84%, light 20.65%, and absent/amenorrhea 6.52%). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination can influence the menstrual cycle and cause alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Rodríguez Quejada
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Fernanda Toro Wills
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés Felipe Patiño-Aldana
- Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Mohiuddin Chowdhury ATM, Kamal A, Abbas KU, Talukder S, Karim MR, Ali MA, Nuruzzaman M, Li Y, He S. Efficacy and Outcome of Remdesivir and Tocilizumab Combination Against Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:690726. [PMID: 35450050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.690726/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of remdesivir and tocilizumab combination therapy against dexamethasone for the management of severe COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a multicenter study. Cases were randomly chosen and divided into two groups using an odd-even ratio of 1:1 applied to the hospital registration number. Group A received remdesivir [5 mg/kg (<40 kg) or 200 mg (>40 kg) on day 1 and then 2.5 mg/kg (<40 kg) or 100 mg (>40 kg) daily] + tocilizumab [8 mg/kg up to 800 mg highest 12 h apart], and group B was the control and received dexamethasone 6 mg/day. In addition, a broad-spectrum antibiotic and other essential treatments were received by all patients. To evaluate the mortality risk, the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was calculated on day-1. Treatment outcomes were measured as time to clinical improvement; mortality rate; duration of ICU stay; total period of hospitalization; the rate of (Supplementary Material) oxygen use; time to clinical failure; National Early Warning Score-2 (NEWS), and the percentage of lung recovery on CT of chest on discharge. Clinical trial registration ID: NCT04678739. Results: Remdesivir-Tocilizumab group had a lower mortality rate (25.49%) than the control (30.77%). The time to clinical improvement (Group A-9.41; B-14.21 days), NEWS-2 on discharge (Group A-0.89; B-1.2), duration of ICU stay (Group A-7.68; B-10.58), and duration of hospitalization (Group A-9.91; B-14.68) were less in the treatment group. Group A had a better percentage of lung recovery on chest CT than the control (Group A-22.13; B-11.74). All these differences were statistically significant (p= <0.05) in a t-test. However, no significant survival benefit was found among the study groups in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, p = 0.739. Conclusion: The remdesivir-tocilizumab combination had preferable outcomes compared to the dexamethasone therapy for the treatment of severe COVID-19 concerning mortality rate and clinical and pulmonary improvement, although it did not demonstrate a significant survival benefit. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04678739.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin Chowdhury
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (OSD-DGHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aktar Kamal
- Department of Critical Care, M Abdur Rahim Medical College Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Kafil Uddin Abbas
- Department of Critical Care, Cox's Bazar 250 Bed District Sadar Hospital, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Shubhashis Talukder
- Department of Critical Care, 250 Bed Chattogram General Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Acute Medical Unit, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Md Ahsan Ali
- Department of Histology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Md Nuruzzaman
- Department of Internal Medicine, M Abdur Rahim Medical College Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Yarui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Assaye BT, Shimie AW. Telemedicine use during COVID-19 pandemics and associated factors among health professionals working in health facilities at resource-limited setting 2021. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022; 33:101085. [PMID: 36105540 PMCID: PMC9462923 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digitizing healthcare has been a potential solution for transforming healthcare service delivery in the era of COVID-19 pandemics. To limit and minimize the virus spread, telemedicine helps control and prevent the pandemic by delivering healthcare services over long distances using Information communication technology. The objective of the study was to determine the level of telemedicine utilization among health professionals in the era of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the factors associated with it. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 845 healthcare professionals. A pilot study was conducted on 5% of the study participants before the actual data collection process. After completion, changes were made based on the pilot study results, and a Cronbach alpha value of 0.76 was obtained. Descriptive and binary logistic regression models were used. Variables with a P-Value of less than or equal to 0.2 from the bivariable analysis were entered into the multivariable analysis. The odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and p-value less than 0.05 were used to interpret a significant association, Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and the multicollinearity test were used to assess the assumptions. Result 64.2% of the respondents had good use of telemedicine during COVID-19 with a response rate of 87.2%. 507 (62.8%) were male, and 525(71.2%) reported by nearly threefold (AOR = 2.96, % CI: [1.54-5.76]), IT support staff in the health facility (AOR = 8.32, 95 %CI: [4.77-14.52]), ICT training (AOR = 4.15, % CI: [2.13-8.02]), the frequency of searching health information (AOR = 6.19, % CI: [2.12-18.07]), and social media used (AOR = 3.46, % CI: [1.43-8.32]) were found significantly associated with health professionals' use of telemedicine. Conclusion The majority of healthcare providers practice telemedicine to control and prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. However, the availability of the internet, the presence of IT support staff, ICT training, the frequency of searching for health information, and the use of social media were significantly associated with the level of telemedicine utilization. Initiatives for full implementation of telemedicine in the health facility and motivating the health professionals are needed to carry out their medical practice by providing training and improving internet access in health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayou Tilahun Assaye
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia,Corresponding author
| | - Aynadis worku Shimie
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Sunkonkit K, Selvadurai S, Voutsas G, Benzon D, Baker A, Trinh M, Narang I. To Wear or Not Wear the Mask: Decline in Positive Airway Pressure Usage in Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:621-633. [PMID: 35431590 PMCID: PMC9012305 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s348978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is an effective treatment prescribed to children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB); however, PAP adherence remains challenging. Given that COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact sleep and daily life, the aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal trajectory of PAP usage in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study. Children aged 1-18 years with SDB prescribed PAP at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada) were evaluated for PAP adherence. Demographics, medical history and PAP adherence data during four consecutive 3-month time periods from December 2019 to December 2020 were collected. These four time periods included i) prior to COVID-19 lockdown, ii) during the first three months of lockdown, iii) summer and iv) return to school period. Percentage of days where PAP was used for ≥4 hours and average nightly usage of PAP were primary outcomes. RESULTS A total of 149 children (61.7% male, mean (±SD) age=12.8 ± 4.1 years, BMI (±SD) z-score=1.45±1.43) were enrolled. Compared to prior to lockdown, the median (IQR) of percentage of PAP usage ≥4 hours and average nightly usage of PAP declined significantly during the summer and return to school periods (p<0.001 for all). By the end of the return to school period, only 69/149 (46%) showed sustained PAP usage and 80/149 (54%) had decreased PAP usage. Obesity was a risk factor for a decline in PAP usage after returning to school (β=-15.36, p=0.03). CONCLUSION Compared to COVID-19 pre-pandemic PAP usage, there was a significant decline in PAP usage across COVID-19 pandemic. There is critical under usage of PAP in children diagnosed with SDB, resulting in an urgent need to address barriers to mitigate poor adherence to PAP long-term. Targeted strategies are required to optimize PAP adherence in children with SDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokkarn Sunkonkit
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarah Selvadurai
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giorge Voutsas
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Benzon
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adele Baker
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melissa Trinh
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Indra Narang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gando S, Wada T. Pathomechanisms Underlying Hypoxemia in Two COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Phenotypes: Insights From Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Shock 2022; 57:1-6. [PMID: 34172612 PMCID: PMC8662946 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathomechanisms of hypoxemia and treatment strategies for type H and type L acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been elucidated. MAIN TEXT SARS-CoV-2 mainly targets the lungs and blood, leading to ARDS, and systemic thrombosis or bleeding. Angiotensin II-induced coagulopathy, SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperfibrin(ogen)olysis, and pulmonary and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation due to immunothrombosis contribute to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Type H ARDS is associated with hypoxemia due to diffuse alveolar damage-induced high right-to-left shunts. Immunothrombosis occurs at the site of infection due to innate immune inflammatory and coagulofibrinolytic responses to SARS-CoV-2, resulting in microvascular occlusion with hypoperfusion of the lungs. Lung immunothrombosis in type L ARDS results from neutrophil extracellular traps containing platelets and fibrin in the lung microvasculature, leading to hypoxemia due to impaired blood flow and a high ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) ratio. COVID-19-associated ARDS is more vascular centric than the other types of ARDS. D-dimer levels have been monitored for the progression of microvascular thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Early anticoagulation therapy in critical patients with high D-dimer levels may improve prognosis, including the prevention and/or alleviation of ARDS. CONCLUSIONS Right-to-left shunts and high VA/Q ratios caused by lung microvascular thrombosis contribute to hypoxemia in type H and L ARDS, respectively. D-dimer monitoring-based anticoagulation therapy may prevent the progression to and/or worsening of ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Gando
- Acute and Critical Center, Department of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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The need for a multidimensional program for patients with obesity, as a preventive measure against a new wave of Covid-19 in Chile. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:1196-1197. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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175
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Lee M, Park J, Cho IH. Target-Specific Drug Discovery of Natural Products against SARS-CoV-2 Life Cycle and Cytokine Storm in COVID-19. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:927-959. [PMID: 35729089 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there are no drugs that can specifically combat SARS-CoV-2. Besides, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants are circulating globally. These variants may lead to immune escape or drug resistance. Natural products may be appropriate for this need due to their cost efficiency, fewer side effects, and antiviral activities. Considering these circumstances, there is a need to develop or discover more compounds that have potential to target SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we searched for articles on natural products describing anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities by targeting the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and the cytokine storm in COVID-19 from academic databases. We reviewed anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of natural products, especially those that target the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, transmembrane serine protease 2, cathepsin L, 3CL protease, PL protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and helicase) and cytokine storm in COVID-19. This review may provide a repurposed approach for the discovery of specific medications using natural products to treat COVID-19 through targeting the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and the cytokine storm in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Mannucci F, Vitturi G, Benacchio L, Sbrogiò LG, Bano F, Lapolla A, Piarulli F, Giron MC, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Infection Rates and Impact of Glucose Lowering Medications on the Clinical Course of COVID-19 in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Observational Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3093-3101. [PMID: 36237966 PMCID: PMC9553236 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s385646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes is a risk factor for COVID-19 severity, but the role played by glucose lowering medications (GLM) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess infection rates and outcomes of COVID-19 (hospitalization and mortality) in adults with diabetes assisted by the Local Health Unit of Padua (North-East Italy) according to the ongoing GLM. PATIENTS AND METHODS People with diabetes were identified using administrative claims, while those with SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected by cross referencing with the local COVID-19 surveillance registry. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to verify the association between GLM classes and the outcome. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were marginally but significantly higher in individuals with diabetes as compared to those without diabetes (RR 1.04, p = 0.043), though such relative 4% increase may be irrelevant from a clinical and epidemiological perspective. 1923 individuals with GLM-treated diabetes were diagnosed with COVID-19; 456 patients were hospitalized and 167 died. Those treated with insulin had a significantly higher risk of hospitalizations for COVID-19 (OR 1.48 p < 0.01) as were those treated with sulphonylureas/glinides (OR 1.34, p = 0.02). Insulin use was also significantly associated with higher mortality (OR 1.90, p < 0.01). Use of metformin was significantly associated with lower death rates (OR 0.62, p = 0.02). The association of other GLM classes with the outcome was not significant. CONCLUSION Diabetes does not appear to modify the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a clinically meaningful way, but strongly increases the rates of hospitalization and death. Insulin use was associated with worse outcomes, whereas metformin use was associated with lower mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Vitturi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: Gian Paolo Fadini, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35128, Italy, Tel +39 049 8214318, Fax +39 049 8212184, Email
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Oliveira RMAFD, Gorzoni ML, Rosa RF. Mortality predictors in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a large tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: a retrospective study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e2021914. [PMID: 36102455 PMCID: PMC10065105 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0914.r2.13062022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is discrepant information across countries regarding the natural history of patients admitted to hospitals with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in addition to a lack of data on the scenario in Brazil. OBJECTIVE To determine the mortality predictors in COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING A retrospective analysis of medical records of COVID-19 patients admitted to the Hospital Central da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia of São Paulo. METHODS Overall, 316 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020, were included. The analysis included the baseline characteristics, clinical progression, and outcomes. RESULTS The mortality rate of the sample was 51.27%. Age ≥ 60 years was determined as a risk factor after multivariate logistic regression analysis. Patients with an oxygen (O2) saturation ≤ 94% upon admission accounted for 87% of the deaths (P < 0.001). Vasoactive drugs were used in 92% (P < 0.001) of patients who progressed to death, and mechanical ventilation was employed in 88% (P < 0.001) of such patients. However, patients who received corticosteroids concomitantly with mechanical ventilation had a better prognosis than those who did not. The progressive degree of pulmonary involvement observed on chest computed tomography was correlated with a worse prognosis. The presence of thrombocytopenia has been considered as a risk factor for mortality. CONCLUSION The main predictors of in-hospital mortality after logistic regression analysis were age, O2 saturation ≤ 94% upon admission, use of vasoactive drugs, and presence of thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milton Luiz Gorzoni
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Fernandes Rosa
- MD, MSc. Instructor Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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178
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on swimmers in Poland. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health, lifestyle, training loads and competition starts of swimmers in Poland in 2020.
Material and methods: The study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire on group of 123 Polish swimmers in 2020. The survey asked about differences in training, lifestyle and well-being following the introduction of pandemic restrictions. The mean age of the athletes was 23 years ± 7.6 and training experience 10 years ± 5.3.
Results: The majority of swimmers (81%) were satisfied with their health status. Respondents did not experience changes in sleep quality and length during the COVID-19 pandemic. A large proportion of respondents (83%) did not follow a special diet, while they were willing to use supplementation (58.5%). Respondents stated that the pandemic did not affect their physical activity outside of training. The athletes evaluated negatively the changes in training and competition conditions caused by the pandemic (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: The study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a major impact on the health, sleep and physical activity of swimmers in Poland in 2020, while it had a negative impact in terms of training conditions and sport competition.
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179
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Lu Q, Chen H, Zeng Y, Xue J, Cao X, Wang N, Wang Z. Intelligent facemask based on triboelectric nanogenerator for respiratory monitoring. NANO ENERGY 2022; 91:106612. [PMID: 34660183 PMCID: PMC8505024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fast-spreading of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been sweeping around the globe and brought heavy casualties and economic losses, which creates dire needs for technological solutions into medical preventive actions. In this work, triboelectric nanogenerator for respiratory sensing (RS-TENG) has been designed and integrated with facemask, which endows the latter with respiratory monitoring function. The output of RS-TENG for respiratory flow can reach up to about 8 V and 0.8 μA respectively although it varies with different respiratory status, which proves the high sensitivity of RS-TENG for respiratory monitoring. An apnea alarm system can be constructed by combining the smart facemask with circuit modules so that timely alarm can be transmitted after people stop breathing. Furthermore, RS-TENG can be used to control household appliances, which brings convenience to the life of the disabled people. Considering its incomparable advantages such as small volume, easy fabrication, simple installation and economical applicability, such design is helpful for developing multifunctional health monitoring gadgets during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Lu
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanming Zeng
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiehui Xue
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological engineering, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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180
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Şahin D, Tanaçan A, Webster SN, Moraloğlu Tekin Ö. Pregnancy and COVID-19: prevention, vaccination, therapy, and beyond. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:3312-3326. [PMID: 34536988 PMCID: PMC8771011 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2106-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has alarmed the world since its first emergence. As pregnancy is characterized by significant changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and immunological systems, there are concerns on issues like the course of disease in pregnant women, safety of medications, route of delivery and risk of obstetric complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature in the management of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although more than 90% of pregnant women with COVID-19 recover without serious morbidity, rapid deterioration of disease and higher rates of obstetric complications may be observed. The risk of vertical transmission has not been clearly revealed yet. Decreasing the number of prenatal visits, shortening the time allocated for the examinations, active use of telemedicine services, limiting the number of persons in healthcare settings, combining prenatal tests in the same visit, restricting visitors during the visits, providing a safe environment in healthcare facilities, strict hygiene control, and providing personal protective equipment during the visits are the main strategies to control the spread of disease according to current guidelines. Although new medication alternatives are being proposed every day for the treatment of COVID-19, our knowledge about the use of most of these drugs in pregnancy is limited. Preliminary results are promising for the administration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the pregnant population. Timing of delivery should be decided based on maternal health condition, accompanying obstetric complications and gestational age. Cesarean delivery should be performed for obstetric indications. Breast feeding should be encouraged as long as necessary precautions for viral transmission are taken. In conclusion, an individualized approach should be provided by a multidisciplinary team for the management of pregnant women with COVID-19 to achieve favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Şahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atakan Tanaçan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sophia Ne Webster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospital, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Özlem Moraloğlu Tekin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Member of COVID-19 Scientific Advisory Board of Ministry of Health
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181
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Roch C, Vogel U, Smol K, Pörner S, van Oorschot B. Admission of a Terminally Ill Lung Cancer Patient With the Accidental Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to a Palliative Care Unit Resulting in a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak. Workplace Health Saf 2021; 69:580-584. [PMID: 34894909 PMCID: PMC8669200 DOI: 10.1177/21650799211042518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges for palliative care. Terminal patients cannot wear masks and may demonstrate unspecific symptoms reminiscent of those caused by COVID-19. This report is about a terminally ill patient with lung cancer who displayed fever, cough, and fatigue. During hospital admission screening, the patient tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. When admitting his wife to stay with him, she also had to test for SARS-CoV-2 and displayed a positive test result. Until the positive results were reported, six staff members were infected with SARS-CoV-2, even though they were routinely wearing respirators. This resulted in the palliative care unit having to be closed. Hospitals need strict and adequate testing and re-testing strategies even for intra-hospital transfers. Workers must strictly adhere to recommended respirator practices. Ventilation of patient rooms is essential due to the possible enrichment of particle aerosols containing viruses, as negative pressure rooms are not recommended in all countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- University Hospital Würzburg.,University of Würzburg
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Zhao H, Wang H, Li H, Zheng W, Yuan T, Feng A, Luo D, Hu Y, Sun Y, Lin YF, Zhou Y, Luo G, Peng Q, Yang J, Xu J, Zou H. Uptake and adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV in China: a case-control study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4964-4970. [PMID: 34890516 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1991183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to ravage the world. People living with HIV (PLHIV) are one of the most vulnerable groups. This study aims to identify the factors associated with the uptake and adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS We recruited PLHIV in China by convenience sampling between 7 and 23 February 2021. Participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire. Chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with vaccine uptake. RESULTS A total of 527 vaccinated and 1091 unvaccinated PLHIV were recruited. Individuals who had a higher education, engaged in occupations with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection, received influenza or pneumonia vaccine in the past 3 years (5.40, 3.36-8.77), believed in the effectiveness of vaccines (3.01, 2.20-4.12), and received media information regarding COVID-19 vaccine (2.23, 1.61-3.11), were more likely to be vaccinated. Concerning about adverse reactions (0.31, 0.22-0.44), negative impact on the progression of HIV/AIDS (0.36, 0.26-0.50) or antiretroviral therapy (ART) (0.61, 0.44-0.85), disclosure of HIV infection status (0.69, 0.49-0.96), comorbidities (0.33, 0.22-0.47), being unmarried (0.43, 0.28-0.66) and older age were negatively associated with vaccination. Of the 527 vaccinated PLHIV, 155 (29.4%) PLHIV reported adverse reactions, with pain at the injection site being the most common (18.2%). CONCLUSIONS PLHIV, who are concerned about adverse reactions, negative impact on ART outcome and disclosure of HIV infection status, were less likely to adopt COVID-19 vaccination. To increase vaccination coverage among PLHIV, health-care professionals should emphasize the benefits and necessity of vaccination and provide consultancy regarding adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People' S Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shizhong District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Weiran Zheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Tanwei Yuan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Anping Feng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yuqing Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yiguo Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ganfeng Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Qiaoli Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People' S Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianzhou Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China.,Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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183
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Iftikhar S, Rehman AU, Ameer MZ, Nawaz A, Aemaz Ur Rehman M, Farooq H, Asmar A, Ebaad Ur Rehman M. The association of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with COVID-19: A systematic review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 72:103080. [PMID: 34840779 PMCID: PMC8605817 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases is revealing its unique neurological manifestations. In light of the emerging evidence, a possible association with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is being consistently reported. We conducted a systematic literature search on four databases namely Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. After rigorous screening as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a total of 34 articles describing 56 cases were selected as a part of this review. The mean age of the patients was 56.6 ± 15.3 years. The most common clinical presentation of PRES was altered mental status (58.9%) followed by seizures (46.4%) and visual disturbances (23.2%) while hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most commonly reported comorbidities. 91.1% of the cases reported Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) findings suggestive of PRES in the brain. Symptomatic management was employed in most of the cases to control seizures and blood pressure, and 44 patients (78.5%) fully or partially recovered. The most likely underlying mechanism involves COVID-19 mediated cytokine storm syndrome that leads to endothelial damage and increased permeability of the cerebral vessels, thus causing the characteristic edema of PRES. High neuronal and glial cell expression of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors also suggests the possibility of direct viral damage. Since timely diagnosis and treatment reports a good prognosis, it is vital for physicians and neurologists to be well-versed with this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Iftikhar
- Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ahmad Nawaz
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Hareem Farooq
- Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abyaz Asmar
- Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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184
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Detsyk O, Fedorkiv N, Burak O, Kaluzhna R. Analysis of Covid-19 Hospital Admissions in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. GALICIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.21802/gmj.2021.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on socioeconomic, political, demographic, and other aspects of life. Effective healthcare is, however, a primary determinant of successful fighting against Covid-19. The analysis of local healthcare indicators serves as a source for estimating pandemic magnitude and the adaptation of healthcare at a national level. In this study, the rates of Covid-19 hospital admissions to the Ivano-Frankivsk City Hospital, Ukraine, from April 2020 to May 2021 were analysed. All cases were grouped by age, sex, and the type of admission; data were analyzed monthly and seasonally. The peaks of hospital admissions were observed in November 2020 and March 2021; however, the highest mortality rates were seen from August to November 2020. The analysis of age- and sex-disaggregated Covid-19 mortality data showed the predominance of elderly males (61.9%, 66.6 ± 3.9 years) over females (38.1%, 71.8 ± 2.3 years). The ratio of hospital admissions was unstable: the percentage of emergency, GP-referred and self-referred admissions was similar from April to May 2020; however, GP-referred admissions prevailed, and the number of self-referral patients decreased twice between March and May 2021. In conclusions, the trends in hospital admissions were similar to those reported in other studies. However, the differences in time frames and socio-demographic characteristics were observed that highlights the importance of considering regional, social and geographic aspects of the population when improving the capacity of healthcare system and establishing effective preventive measures against the pandemic at the local level.
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185
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Drożdżal S, Rosik J, Lechowicz K, Machaj F, Szostak B, Przybyciński J, Lorzadeh S, Kotfis K, Ghavami S, Łos MJ. An update on drugs with therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100794. [PMID: 34991982 PMCID: PMC8654464 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century with more than 257 million cases and over 5.17 million deaths reported worldwide (as of November 23, 2021. Various agents were initially proclaimed to be effective against SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin are all examples of therapeutic agents, whose efficacy against COVID-19 was later disproved. Meanwhile, concentrated efforts of researchers and clinicians worldwide have led to the identification of novel therapeutic options to control the disease including PAXLOVID™ (PF-07321332). Although COVID-19 cases are currently treated using a comprehensive approach of anticoagulants, oxygen, and antibiotics, the novel Pfizer agent PAXLOVID™ (PF-07321332), an investigational COVID-19 oral antiviral candidate, significantly reduced hospitalization time and death rates, based on an interim analysis of the phase 2/3 EPIC-HR (Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 in High-Risk Patients) randomized, double-blind study of non-hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19, who are at high risk of progressing to severe illness. The scheduled interim analysis demonstrated an 89 % reduction in risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause compared to placebo in patients treated within three days of symptom onset (primary endpoint). However, there still exists a great need for the development of additional treatments, as the recommended therapeutic options are insufficient in many cases. Thus far, mRNA and vector vaccines appear to be the most effective modalities to control the pandemic. In the current review, we provide an update on the progress that has been made since April 2020 in clinical trials concerning the effectiveness of therapies available to combat COVID-19. We focus on currently recommended therapeutic agents, including steroids, various monoclonal antibodies, remdesivir, baricitinib, anticoagulants and PAXLOVID™ summarizing the latest original studies and meta-analyses. Moreover, we aim to discuss other currently and previously studied agents targeting COVID-19 that either show no or only limited therapeutic activity. The results of recent studies report that hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma demonstrate no efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lastly, we summarize the studies on various drugs with incoherent or insufficient data concerning their effectiveness, such as amantadine, ivermectin, or niclosamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Drożdżal
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kacper Lechowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Przybyciński
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Science and Research Branch, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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186
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Shahram F, Esalatmanesh K, Khabbazi A, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Sadeghi A, Soroosh M, Kavosi H, Alikhani M, Mostafaei S. Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with Behcet's disease: a report of 59 cases in Iran. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 41:1177-1183. [PMID: 34842999 PMCID: PMC8628030 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-06004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present the clinical characteristics, disease course, management, and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with Behcet's disease (BD). METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we retrieved BD patients with definite diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Demographic data, comorbidities, features related both to BD and COVID-19 infection, treatments, and outcomes were collected. Comparisons between patients with or without hospitalization were performed. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 25. We considered p < 0.05 statistically significant. RESULTS We identified 61 episodes of COVID-19 infection in 59 BD patients. The prevalence was 0.69%. The median age was 45 years (IQR = 20), and the median disease duration was 162 months (IQR = 195). BD features were similar except for higher rate of arterial involvement and positive pathergy test in infected patients. Thirty-five episodes (62.5%) happened in non-active patients; 39% had a comorbid disease. COVID manifestations were the same as the general population. Flu-like symptoms were the most common (85%), followed by fever (66%), ageusia/anosmia (56%), headache (51%), and pulmonary involvement (48%). There was no change in BD symptoms in 74%. Fifteen patients (25.4%) were hospitalized, and one patient (1.7%) died. Receiving glucocorticoids (p < 0.03) and cytotoxic drugs (p < 0.02) were associated with an increased rate of hospitalization. CONCLUSION The incidence of COVID-19 infection in BD patients was not higher than general population in Iran. They showed milder form of disease with lower morbidity and mortality rate. Most were on immunosuppressive drugs, or had a comorbidity apart from BD. No significant effect on BD course was shown. Key Points • The incidence of COVID-19 infection in patients with Behcet's disease is not higher. • They showed milder form of infection with lower morbidity and mortality rate. • No significant effect on Behcet's disease course was shown with COVID19 infection. • BD patients can be managed according to the guidelines used for general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shahram
- Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Avenue, 14117-13137, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamal Esalatmanesh
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Mirfeizi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Hoda Kavosi
- Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Avenue, 14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Alikhani
- Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Avenue, 14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Avenue, 14117-13137, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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187
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Gong X, Yuan B, Yuan Y, Li F. Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules for the Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Prospective Open-Label Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:7962630. [PMID: 34858512 PMCID: PMC8632393 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7962630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. Community and close contact exposures continue to drive the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no confirmed effective treatment for suspected cases and close contacts. Lianhuaqingwen (LH) capsules, a repurposed Chinese herbal product that is currently on the market, have proven effective for influenza and COVID-19. To determine the safety and efficacy of LH capsules for the prevention of COVID-19, we conducted a prospective open-label controlled trial of LH capsules on subjects who had close contact with people infected with COVID-19. Subjects received LH capsules (4 capsules, three times daily) or the usual medical observation for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the rate of positive nucleic acid tests of nasal and pharyngeal swabs during the quarantine medical observation period. We included 1976 patients, including 1101 in the treatment group and 875 in the control group. The rate of positive nucleic acid tests in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.27% vs. 1.14%, respectively; mean difference: -0.87%; 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.13; p=0.0174) during the quarantine medical observation period (14 days). Among subjects with different close contact states, there was no significant difference in the rate of positive nucleic acid test results among close contacts in the treatment group and the control group (6.45% vs. 11.43%, respectively; p=0.6762). Among secondary close contacts, the rate of positive nucleic acid tests in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.09% vs. 0.71%, respectively; p=0.0485). No serious adverse events were reported. Taken together, and in light of the safety and effectiveness profiles, these results show that LH capsules can be considered to prevent the progression of COVID-19 after close contact with an infected person. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2100043012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Boyun Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yadong Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fengju Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei Provincial Corps Hospital of CPAPF, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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188
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The Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Daily Cases and Deaths Based on Global Vaccine Data. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111328. [PMID: 34835259 PMCID: PMC8622191 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic, has caused over 216 million cases and 4.50 million deaths as of 30 August 2021. Vaccines can be regarded as one of the most powerful weapons to eliminate the pandemic, but the impact of vaccines on daily COVID-19 cases and deaths by country is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between vaccines and daily newly confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 in each country worldwide. Methods: Daily data on firstly vaccinated people, fully vaccinated people, new cases and new deaths of COVID-19 were collected from 187 countries. First, we used a generalized additive model (GAM) to analyze the association between daily vaccinated people and daily new cases and deaths of COVID-19. Second, a random effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the global pooled results. Results: In total, 187 countries and regions were included in the study. During the study period, 1,011,918,763 doses of vaccine were administered, 540,623,907 people received at least one dose of vaccine, and 230,501,824 people received two doses. For the relationship between vaccination and daily increasing cases of COVID-19, the results showed that daily increasing cases of COVID-19 would be reduced by 24.43% [95% CI: 18.89, 29.59] and 7.50% [95% CI: 6.18, 8.80] with 10,000 fully vaccinated people per day and at least one dose of vaccine, respectively. Daily increasing deaths of COVID-19 would be reduced by 13.32% [95% CI: 3.81, 21.89] and 2.02% [95% CI: 0.18, 4.16] with 10,000 fully vaccinated people per day and at least one dose of vaccine, respectively. Conclusions: These findings showed that vaccination can effectively reduce the new cases and deaths of COVID-19, but vaccines are not distributed fairly worldwide. There is an urgent need to accelerate the speed of vaccination and promote its fair distribution across countries.
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189
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Buttery S, Philip KEJ, Williams P, Fallas A, West B, Cumella A, Cheung C, Walker S, Quint JK, Polkey MI, Hopkinson NS. Patient symptoms and experience following COVID-19: results from a UK-wide survey. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:8/1/e001075. [PMID: 34732518 PMCID: PMC8572361 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the experience of people who continue to be unwell after acute COVID-19, often referred to as 'long COVID', both in terms of their symptoms and their interactions with healthcare. DESIGN We conducted a mixed-methods analysis of responses to a survey accessed through a UK online post-COVID-19 support and information hub, between April and December 2020, about people's experiences after having acute COVID-19. PARTICIPANTS 3290 respondents, 78% female, 92.1% white ethnicity and median age range 45-54 years; 12.7% had been hospitalised. 494(16.5%) completed the survey between 4 and 8 weeks of the onset of their symptoms, 641(21.4%) between 8 and 12 weeks and 1865 (62.1%) >12 weeks after. RESULTS The ongoing symptoms most frequently reported were: breathing problems (92.1%), fatigue (83.3%), muscle weakness or joint stiffness (50.6%), sleep disturbances (46.2%), problems with mental abilities (45.9%), changes in mood, including anxiety and depression (43.1%) and cough (42.3%). Symptoms did not appear to be related to the severity of the acute illness or to the presence of pre-existing medical conditions. Analysis of free-text responses revealed three main themes: (1) experience of living with COVID-19: physical and psychological symptoms that fluctuate unpredictably; (2) interactions with healthcare that were unsatisfactory; (3) implications for the future: their own condition, society and the healthcare system, and the need for research CONCLUSION: Consideration of patient perspectives and experiences will assist in the planning of services to address problems persisting in people who remain symptomatic after the acute phase of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buttery
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Keir E J Philip
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Parris Williams
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Fallas
- Asthma UK and British Lung Foundation Partnership, London, UK
| | - Brigitte West
- Asthma UK and British Lung Foundation Partnership, London, UK
| | - Andrew Cumella
- Asthma UK and British Lung Foundation Partnership, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Cheung
- Asthma UK and British Lung Foundation Partnership, London, UK
| | - Samantha Walker
- Asthma UK and British Lung Foundation Partnership, London, UK
| | - Jennifer K Quint
- Department of Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael I Polkey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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190
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Olajide OA, Iwuanyanwu VU, Adegbola OD, Al-Hindawi AA. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Induces Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:445-458. [PMID: 34709564 PMCID: PMC8551352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to respiratory complications produced by SARS‐CoV‐2, accumulating evidence suggests that some neurological symptoms are associated with the disease caused by this coronavirus. In this study, we investigated the effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1 stimulation on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. Analyses of culture supernatants revealed an increase in the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and iNOS/NO. S1 also increased protein levels of phospho-p65 and phospho-IκBα, as well as enhanced DNA binding and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. These effects of the protein were blocked in the presence of BAY11-7082 (1 µM). Exposure of S1 to BV-2 microglia also increased the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and enhanced caspase-1 activity. Increased protein levels of p38 MAPK was observed in BV-2 microglia stimulated with the spike protein S1 (100 ng/ml), an action that was reduced in the presence of SKF 86,002 (1 µM). Results of immunofluorescence microscopy showed an increase in TLR4 protein expression in S1-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition with TAK 242 (1 µM) and transfection with TLR4 small interfering RNA resulted in significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 production in S1-stimulated BV-2 microglia. These results have provided the first evidence demonstrating S1-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. We propose that induction of neuroinflammation by this protein in the microglia is mediated through activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK, possibly as a result of TLR4 activation. These results contribute to our understanding of some of the mechanisms involved in CNS pathologies of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayokun A Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Victoria U Iwuanyanwu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Oyinkansola D Adegbola
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Alaa A Al-Hindawi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
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191
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Soluble Urokinase Receptor as a Promising Marker for Early Prediction of Outcome in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214914. [PMID: 34768433 PMCID: PMC8584815 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread to become a global pandemic, putting a strain on health care systems. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with mild symptoms or, in severe cases, lead patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) or death. The critically ill patients suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, thrombotic complications and multiple organ failure. For optimization of hospital resources, several molecular markers and algorithms have been evaluated in order to stratify COVID-19 patients, based on the risk of developing a mild, moderate, or severe disease. Here, we propose the soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) as a serum biomarker of clinical severity and outcome in patients who are hospitalized with COVID-19. In patients with mild disease course, suPAR levels were increased as compared to healthy controls, but they were dramatically higher in severely ill patients. Since early identification of disease progression may facilitate the individual management of COVID-19 symptomatic patients and the time of admission to the ICU, we suggest paying more clinical attention on patients with high suPAR levels.
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192
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Since the past year, the fast spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has represented a global health threat, especially for cancer patients, that has required an urgent reorganization of clinical activities. Here, we will critically revise the profound impact that the pandemic has generated in lung cancer patients, as well the most significant challenges that oncologists have to face to maintain the highest possible standards in the management of lung cancer patients in the pandemic era. Recent Findings Evidences suggested a higher susceptibility and mortality of lung cancer patients due to COVID-19. The hard management of this patient population has been also due to the potential cross interference of anti-tumor drugs on SARS-Cov-2 infection and to the differential diagnosis between COVID-19 pneumonitis and drug-related pneumonitis. Summary COVID-19 pandemic has generated a profound reshaping of oncological activities and the development of recommendations by the oncology scientific community to prioritize anti-tumor treatments for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Calabrò
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy. .,EPigenetic Immune-Oncology Consortium Airc (EPICA), Viale Mario Bracci, 16; 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia Covre
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy.,EPigenetic Immune-Oncology Consortium Airc (EPICA), Viale Mario Bracci, 16; 53100, Siena, Italy.,University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy.,EPigenetic Immune-Oncology Consortium Airc (EPICA), Viale Mario Bracci, 16; 53100, Siena, Italy.,University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione NIBIT Onlus, Siena, Italy
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193
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Pereira C, Silva R, Campello GC, Moura F. Tracheoesophageal fistula in a COVID-19 patient. Saudi J Anaesth 2021; 15:447-449. [PMID: 34658736 PMCID: PMC8477781 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_294_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients requiring admission in intensive care units and prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) has increased significantly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) following prolonged invasive MV is a rare condition. Numerous COVID-19 pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment-related effects might support the increase of tracheal complications in this subgroup of patients. We report a case of TEF in a COVID-19 patient submitted to prolonged invasive MV and discuss its diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Rafael Silva
- Department of Intensive Care, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Glória C Campello
- Department of Intensive Care, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Fernando Moura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
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194
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Zhou S, Liu B, Han Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Wu Z, Yang J. ZOVER: the database of zoonotic and vector-borne viruses. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:D943-D949. [PMID: 34634795 PMCID: PMC8728136 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases significantly threaten global public health and socioeconomic security. The majority of emerging infectious disease outbreaks are caused by zoonotic/vector-borne viruses. Bats and rodents are the two most important reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses that can cross species barriers to infect humans, whereas mosquitos and ticks are well-established major vectors of many arboviral diseases. Moreover, some emerging zoonotic diseases require a vector to spread or are intrinsically vector-borne and zoonotically transmitted. In this study, we present a newly upgraded database of zoonotic and vector-borne viruses designated ZOVER (http://www.mgc.ac.cn/ZOVER). It incorporates two previously released databases, DBatVir and DRodVir, for bat- and rodent-associated viruses, respectively, and further collects up-to-date knowledge on mosquito- and tick-associated viruses to establish a comprehensive online resource for zoonotic and vector-borne viruses. Additionally, it integrates a set of online visualization tools for convenient comparative analyses to facilitate the discovery of potential patterns of virome diversity and ecological characteristics between/within different viral hosts/vectors. The ZOVER database will be a valuable resource for virologists, zoologists and epidemiologists to better understand the diversity and dynamics of zoonotic and vector-borne viruses and conduct effective surveillance to monitor potential interspecies spillover for efficient prevention and control of future emerging zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yelin Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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195
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Castle RD, Williams MA, Bushell WC, Rindfleisch JA, Peterson CT, Marzolf J, Brouwer K, Mills PJ. Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4859-4876. [PMID: 34588793 PMCID: PMC8473718 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s323356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 poses a chronic threat to inflammatory systems, reinforcing the need for efficient anti-inflammatory strategies. The purpose of this review and analysis was to determine the efficacy of various interventions upon the inflammatory markers most affected by COVID-19. The focus was on the markers associated with COVID-19, not the etiology of the virus itself. Methods Based on 27 reviewed papers, information was extracted on the effects of COVID-19 upon inflammatory markers, then the effects of standard treatments (Remdesivir, Tocilizumab) and adjunctive interventions (vitamin D3, melatonin, and meditation) were extracted for those markers. These data were used to approximate effect sizes for the disease or interventions via standardized mean differences (SMD). Results The data that were available indicated that adjunctive interventions affected 68.4% of the inflammatory markers impacted by COVID-19, while standard pharmaceutical medication affected 26.3%. Discussion Nonstandard adjunctive care appeared to have comparable or superior effects in comparison to Remdesivir and Tocilizumab on the inflammatory markers most impacted by COVID-19. Alongside standards of care, melatonin, vitamin D3, and meditation should be considered for treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/2i2QG5lT0JI
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Castle
- Science Division, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA
| | - Michelle A Williams
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - J Adam Rindfleisch
- Education Department, Whole Health School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bentonville, AR, USA
| | - Christine Tara Peterson
- Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James Marzolf
- Health Sector Finance & Policy, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA
| | - Kimberly Brouwer
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Mills
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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196
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Portable Chest X-ray Synthetic Image Generation for the COVID-19 Screening. THE 4TH XOVETIC CONFERENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021007006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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197
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Caterino M, Costanzo M, Fedele R, Cevenini A, Gelzo M, Di Minno A, Andolfo I, Capasso M, Russo R, Annunziata A, Calabrese C, Fiorentino G, D’Abbraccio M, Dell’Isola C, Fusco FM, Parrella R, Fabbrocini G, Gentile I, Castaldo G, Ruoppolo M. The Serum Metabolome of Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients Reflects Possible Liver Alterations Involving Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179548. [PMID: 34502454 PMCID: PMC8431319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a global threat that has spread since the end of 2019, causing severe clinical sequelae and deaths, in the context of a world pandemic. The infection of the highly pathogenetic and infectious SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been proven to exert systemic effects impacting the metabolism. Yet, the metabolic pathways involved in the pathophysiology and progression of COVID-19 are still unclear. Here, we present the results of a mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomic analysis on a cohort of 52 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, classified according to disease severity as mild, moderate, and severe. Our analysis defines a clear signature of COVID-19 that includes increased serum levels of lactic acid in all the forms of the disease. Pathway analysis revealed dysregulation of energy production and amino acid metabolism. Globally, the variations found in the serum metabolome of COVID-19 patients may reflect a more complex systemic perturbation induced by SARS-CoV-2, possibly affecting carbon and nitrogen liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Caterino
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Costanzo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Fedele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Armando Cevenini
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica Gelzo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Annunziata
- Fisiopatologia e Riabilitazione Respiratoria-1 Utsir COVID, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli-Napoli, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fiorentino
- Fisiopatologia e Riabilitazione Respiratoria-1 Utsir COVID, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli-Napoli, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Maurizio D’Abbraccio
- COVID Unit—Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli—Napoli, Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive ed Urgenze Infettivologiche, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.); (C.D.); (F.M.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Chiara Dell’Isola
- COVID Unit—Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli—Napoli, Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive ed Urgenze Infettivologiche, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.); (C.D.); (F.M.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Francesco Maria Fusco
- COVID Unit—Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli—Napoli, Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive ed Urgenze Infettivologiche, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.); (C.D.); (F.M.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberto Parrella
- COVID Unit—Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli—Napoli, Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive ed Urgenze Infettivologiche, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.); (C.D.); (F.M.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (I.G.)
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (I.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (M.R.); Tel.: +39-081-373-7850 (M.R.)
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (M.C.); (R.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.D.M.); (I.A.); (M.C.); (R.R.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (M.R.); Tel.: +39-081-373-7850 (M.R.)
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198
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis Measures: Health Protective Properties? MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8090049. [PMID: 34564092 PMCID: PMC8472033 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8090049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis has led governments to impose measures including mask wearing, physical distancing, and increased hygiene and disinfection, combined with home confinement and economic shutdown. Such measures have heavy negative consequences both on public health and the economy. However, these same measures have positive outcomes as “side effects” that are worth mentioning since they contribute to the improvement of some aspects of the population health. For instance, mask wearing helps to reduce allergies as well as the transmission of other airborne disease-causing pathogens. Physical distancing and social contact limitation help limit the spread of communicable diseases, and economic shutdown can reduce pollution and the health problems related to it. Decision makers could get inspired by these positive “side effects” to tackle and prevent diseases like allergies, infectious diseases and noncommunicable diseases, and improve health care and pathology management. Indeed, the effectiveness of such measures in tackling certain health problems encourages inspiration from COVID-19 measures towards managing selected health problems. However, with the massive damage COVID-19-related measures have caused to countries’ economies and people’s lives, the question of how to balance the advantages and disadvantages of these measures in order to further optimize them needs to be debated among health care professionals and decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-654-2296; Fax: +1-418-654-2761
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199
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Ma MZ, Ye S. The role of ingroup assortative sociality in the COVID-19 pandemic: A multilevel analysis of google trends data in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS : IJIR 2021; 84:168-180. [PMID: 36540380 PMCID: PMC9754620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study tested how family ties and religiosity, two extended elements of ingroup assortative sociality, would predict group-level COVID-19 severity in the U.S. and how COVID-19 threat would predict ingroup assortative sociality at a weekly level. Multilevel models which analyzed the state-level archival (e.g., religious participation) and Google trends data (e.g., marriage for family ties; prayer for religiosity) on ingroup assortative sociality showed that religious search volume (from 2004 to 2019) significantly and negatively predicted COVID-19 severity (i.e., shorter time delay of first documented cases, shorter overall doubling times, higher reproductive ratio and higher case fatality ratio) across states (Study 1a) and counties (Study 1b) while search volume for family ties only significantly and negatively predicted county-level COVID-19 severity. Multilevel analyses also found that weekly COVID-19 severity weakly predicted weekly search volume of marriage and religion (Study 2a), but when COVID-19 threat was in the collective consciousness in a given week (i.e., Google search volume for coronavirus within 52 weeks), collective levels of ingroup assortative sociality increased from the previous week (Study 2b). Evidence across studies suggested that religiosity, compared with family ties, could serve a more important role for the U.S. people during the deadly pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac Zewei Ma
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Shengquan Ye
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Djellabi R, Basilico N, Delbue S, D’Alessandro S, Parapini S, Cerrato G, Laurenti E, Falletta E, Bianchi CL. Oxidative Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Photoactive AgNPs@TiO 2 Ceramic Tiles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168836. [PMID: 34445543 PMCID: PMC8396237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic causes serious public health, social, and economic issues all over the globe. Surface transmission has been claimed as a possible SARS-CoV-2 infection route, especially in heavy contaminated environmental surfaces, including hospitals and crowded public places. Herein, we studied the deactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on photoactive AgNPs@TiO2 coated on industrial ceramic tiles under dark, UVA, and LED light irradiations. SARS-CoV-2 inactivation is effective under any light/dark conditions. The presence of AgNPs has an important key to limit the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the dark; moreover, there is a synergistic action when TiO2 is decorated with Ag to enhance the virus photocatalytic inactivation even under LED. The radical oxidation was confirmed as the the central mechanism behind SARS-CoV-2 damage/inactivation by ESR analysis under LED light. Therefore, photoactive AgNPs@TiO2 ceramic tiles could be exploited to fight surface infections, especially during viral severe pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridha Djellabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (N.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (N.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah D’Alessandro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Enzo Laurenti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Ermelinda Falletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Claudia Letizia Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (C.L.B.)
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