151
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Niu P, Li L, Yin Z, Du J, Tan W, Huo Y. Speckle tracking echocardiography could detect the difference of pressure overload-induced myocardial remodelling between young and adult rats. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190808. [PMID: 32093537 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) provides useful information on regional and global left ventricular (LV) functions. The aim of the study is to investigate if STE-based strain analysis could detect the difference of pressure overload-induced myocardial remodelling between young and adult rats. Physiological, haemodynamic, histological measurements were performed post-operatively in young and adult rats with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) as well as the age-matched shams. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect the statistical difference of various measured parameters. Pressure overload decreased the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, dp/dtmax and |dp/dtmin|, but increased the LV end-diastolic (ED) pressure in adult rat hearts for nine weeks after TAC operation than those in young rat hearts. Pressure overload also resulted in different changes of peak strain and strain rate in the free wall, but similar changes in the interventricular septum of young and adult rat hearts. The changes in myocardial remodelling were confirmed by the histological analysis including the increased apoptosis rate of myocytes and collagen area ratio in the free wall of adult rat hearts of LV hypertrophy when compared with the young. Pressure overload alters myocardial components in different degrees between young and adult animals. STE-based strain analysis could detect the subtle difference of pressure overload-induced myocardial remodelling between young and adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Niu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Yin
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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152
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Damluji AA, Forman DE, van Diepen S, Alexander KP, Page RL, Hummel SL, Menon V, Katz JN, Albert NM, Afilalo J, Cohen MG. Older Adults in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: Factoring Geriatric Syndromes in the Management, Prognosis, and Process of Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e6-e32. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Longevity is increasing, and more adults are living to the stage of life when age-related biological factors determine a higher likelihood of cardiovascular disease in a distinctive context of concurrent geriatric conditions. Older adults with cardiovascular disease are frequently admitted to cardiac intensive care units (CICUs), where care is commensurate with high age-related cardiovascular disease risks but where the associated geriatric conditions (including multimorbidity, polypharmacy, cognitive decline and delirium, and frailty) may be inadvertently exacerbated and destabilized. The CICU environment of procedures, new medications, sensory overload, sleep deprivation, prolonged bed rest, malnourishment, and sleep is usually inherently disruptive to older patients regardless of the excellence of cardiovascular disease care. Given these fundamental and broad challenges of patient aging, CICU management priorities and associated decision-making are particularly complex and in need of enhancements. In this American Heart Association statement, we examine age-related risks and describe some of the distinctive dynamics pertinent to older adults and emerging opportunities to enhance CICU care. Relevant assessment tools are discussed, as well as the need for additional clinical research to best advance CICU care for the already dominating and still expanding population of older adults.
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153
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Zhao C, Li G, Li J. Non-coding RNAs and Cardiac Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:247-258. [PMID: 32285416 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Aging increasing the morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease patients. With the society is aging rapidly in the world, medical burden of aging-related cardiovascular diseases increasing drastically. Hence, it is urgent to explore the underlying mechanism and treatment of cardiac aging. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs) have been reported to be involved in many pathological processes, including cell proliferation, cell death differentiation, hypertrophy and aging in wide variety of cells and tissues. In this chapter, we will summarize the physiology and molecular mechanisms of cardiac aging. Then, the recent research advances of ncRNAs in cardiac aging will be provided. The lessons learned from ncRNAs and cardiac aging studies would bring new insights into the regulatory mechanisms ncRNAs as well as treatment of aging-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuimei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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154
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Cruz-Topete D, Oakley RH, Cidlowski JA. Glucocorticoid Signaling and the Aging Heart. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 32528419 PMCID: PMC7266971 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in normal physiological functions characterizes the aging process. While some of these changes are benign, the decrease in the function of the cardiovascular system that occurs during aging leads to the activation of pathological processes associated with an increased risk for heart disease and its complications. Imbalances in endocrine function are also common occurrences during the aging process. Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones and are critical regulators of energy metabolism, inflammation, and cardiac function. Glucocorticoids exert their actions by binding the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and, in some instances, to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). GR and MR are members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. There is strong evidence that imbalances in GR and MR signaling in the heart have a causal role in cardiac disease. The extent to which glucocorticoids play a role in the aging heart, however, remains unclear. This review will summarize the positive and negative direct and indirect effects of glucocorticoids on the heart and the latest molecular and physiological evidence on how alterations in glucocorticoid signaling lead to changes in cardiac structure and function. We also briefly discuss the effects of other hormones systems such as estrogens and GH/IGF-1 on different cardiovascular cells during aging. We will also review the link between imbalances in glucocorticoid levels and the molecular processes responsible for promoting cardiomyocyte dysfunction in aging. Finally, we will discuss the potential for selectively manipulating glucocorticoid signaling in cardiomyocytes, which may represent an improved therapeutic approach for preventing and treating age-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Diana Cruz-Topete
| | - Robert H. Oakley
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John A. Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
- John A. Cidlowski
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155
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Increased Mortality and Vascular Phenotype in a Knock-In Mouse Model of Retinal Vasculopathy With Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy and Systemic Manifestations. Stroke 2020; 51:300-307. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.025176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) is an autosomal dominant small vessel disease caused by C-terminal frameshift mutations in the
TREX1
gene that encodes the major mammalian 3′ to 5′ DNA exonuclease. RVCL-S is characterized by vasculopathy, especially in densely vascularized organs, progressive retinopathy, cerebral microvascular disease, white matter lesions, and migraine, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown.
Methods—
Homozygous transgenic RVCL-S knock-in mice expressing a truncated Trex1 (three prime repair exonuclease 1) protein (similar to what is seen in patients) and wild-type littermates, of various age groups, were subjected to (1) a survival analysis, (2) in vivo postocclusive reactive hyperemia and ex vivo Mulvany myograph studies to characterize the microvascular and macrovascular reactivity, and (3) experimental stroke after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with neurological deficit assessment.
Results—
The mutant mice show increased mortality starting at midlife (
P
=0.03 with hazard ratio, 3.14 [95% CI, 1.05–9.39]). The mutants also show a vascular phenotype as evidenced by attenuated postocclusive reactive hyperemia responses (across all age groups; F[1, 65]=5.7,
P
=0.02) and lower acetylcholine-induced relaxations in aortae (in 20- to 24-month-old mice; RVCL-S knock-in: E
max
: 37±8% versus WT: E
max
: 65±6%,
P
=0.01). A vascular phenotype is also suggested by the increased infarct volume seen in 12- to 14-month-old mutant mice at 24 hours after infarct onset (RVCL-S knock-in: 75.4±2.7 mm
3
versus WT: 52.9±5.6 mm
3
,
P
=0.01).
Conclusions—
Homozygous RVCL-S knock-in mice show increased mortality, signs of abnormal vascular function, and increased sensitivity to experimental stroke and can be instrumental to investigate the pathology seen in patients with RVCL-S.
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156
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Man AWC, Li H, Xia N. Resveratrol and the Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Arterial Remodelling. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010119. [PMID: 31906281 PMCID: PMC7019510 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial remodelling refers to the alteration in the structure of blood vessel that contributes to the progression of hypertension and other cardiovascular complications. Arterial remodelling is orchestrated by the crosstalk between the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Vascular inflammation participates in arterial remodelling. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has beneficial effects in both the endothelium and VSMC. Resveratrol has been studied for the protective effects in arterial remodelling and gut microbiota, respectively. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the immune system and inflammatory processes. Gut microbiota may also regulate vascular remodelling in cardiovascular complications via affecting endothelium function and VSMC proliferation. Currently, there is new evidence showing that gut microbiota regulate the proliferation of VSMC and the formation of neointimal hyperplasia in response to injury. The change in population of the gut microbiota, as well as their metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) could critically contribute to VSMC proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration. Recent studies have provided strong evidence that correlate the effects of resveratrol in arterial remodelling and gut microbiota. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the resveratrol effects on cardiovascular complications focusing on arterial remodelling and discuss the possible interactions of resveratrol and the gut microbiota that modulate arterial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy W C Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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157
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Ballak DB, Brunt VE, Sapinsley ZJ, Ziemba BP, Richey JJ, Zigler MC, Johnson LC, Gioscia‐Ryan RA, Culp‐Hill R, Eisenmesser EZ, D'Alessandro A, Dinarello CA, Seals DR. Short-term interleukin-37 treatment improves vascular endothelial function, endurance exercise capacity, and whole-body glucose metabolism in old mice. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13074. [PMID: 31755162 PMCID: PMC6974720 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction, reduced exercise tolerance, and impaired whole-body glucose metabolism. Interleukin-37 (IL-37), an anti-inflammatory cytokine of the interleukin-1 family, exerts salutary physiological effects in young mice independent of its inflammation-suppressing properties. Here, we assess the efficacy of IL-37 treatment for improving physiological function in older age. Old mice (26-28 months) received daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant human IL-37 (recIL-37; 1 µg/200 ml PBS) or vehicle (200 ml PBS) for 10-14 days. Vascular endothelial function (ex vivo carotid artery dilation to increasing doses of acetylcholine, ACh) was enhanced in recIL-37 vs. vehicle-treated mice via increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (all p < .05); this effect was accompanied by enhanced ACh-stimulated NO production and reduced levels of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells cultured with plasma from IL-37-treated animals (p < .05 vs. vehicle plasma). RecIL-37 treatment increased endurance exercise capacity by 2.4-fold, which was accompanied by a 2.9-fold increase in the phosphorylated AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) to AMPK ratio (i.e., AMPK activation) in quadriceps muscle. RecIL-37 treatment also improved whole-body insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance (p < .05 vs. vehicle). Improvements in physiological function occurred without significant changes in plasma, aortic, and skeletal muscle pro-inflammatory proteins (under resting conditions), whereas pro-/anti-inflammatory IL-6 was greater in recIL-37-treated animals. Plasma metabolomics analysis revealed that recIL-37 treatment altered metabolites related to pathways involved in NO synthesis (e.g., increased L-arginine and citrulline/arginine ratio) and fatty acid metabolism (e.g., increased pantothenol and free fatty acids). Our findings provide experimental support for IL-37 therapy as a novel strategy to improve diverse physiological functions in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov B. Ballak
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraCOUSA
| | - Vienna E. Brunt
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - Brian P. Ziemba
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - James J. Richey
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Melanie C. Zigler
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Lawrence C. Johnson
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraCOUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
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158
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Age-Dependent and -Independent Effects of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Its Paracrine Activities during Neointima Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010282. [PMID: 31906225 PMCID: PMC6981748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors may act by modulating the composition and function of the adventitia. Here we examine how age affects perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and its paracrine activities during neointima formation. Aortic tissue and PVAT or primary aortic smooth muscle cells from male C57BL/6JRj mice aged 52 weeks (“middle-aged”) were compared to tissue or cells from mice aged 16 weeks (“adult”). Vascular injury was induced at the carotid artery using 10% ferric chloride. Carotid arteries from the middle-aged mice exhibited smooth muscle de-differentiation and elevated senescence marker expression, and vascular injury further aggravated media and adventitia thickening. Perivascular transplantation of PVAT had no effect on these parameters, but age-independently reduced neointima formation and lumen stenosis. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed a blunted increase in senescence-associated proinflammatory changes in perivascular tissue compared to visceral adipose tissue and higher expression of mediators attenuating neointima formation. Elevated levels of protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) and lower expression of STAT1- or NFκB-regulated genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis/senescence were present in mouse PVAT, whereas PIAS1 was reduced in the PVAT of patients with atherosclerotic vessel disease. Our findings suggest that age affects adipose tissue and its paracrine vascular activities in a depot-specific manner. PIAS1 may mediate the age-independent vasculoprotective effects of perivascular fat.
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159
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Tanaka H, Tarumi T, Rittweger J. Aging and Physiological Lessons from Master Athletes. Compr Physiol 2019; 10:261-296. [PMID: 31853968 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary aging is often characterized by physical dysfunction and chronic degenerative diseases. In contrast, masters athletes demonstrate markedly greater physiological function and more favorable levels of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction than their sedentary counterparts. In many cases, age-related deteriorations of physiological functions as well as elevations in risk factors that are typically observed in sedentary adults are substantially attenuated or even absent in masters athletes. Older masters athletes possess greater functional capacity at any given age than their sedentary peers. Impressive profiles of older athletes provide insight into what is possible in human aging and place aging back into the domain of "physiology" rather than under the jurisdiction of "clinical medicine." In addition, these exceptional aging athletes can serve as a role model for the promotion of physical activity at all ages. The study of masters athletes has provided useful insight into the positive example of successful aging. To further establish and propagate masters athletics as a role model for our aging society, future research and action are needed. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:261-296, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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160
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Chang P, Zhang X, Zhang M, Li G, Hu L, Zhao H, Zhu X, Wu J, Wang X, Wang K, Zhang J, Ren M, Chen B, Zhu X, Zhu M, Yu J. Swimming exercise inhibits myocardial ER stress in the hearts of aged mice by enhancing cGMP‑PKG signaling. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:549-556. [PMID: 31974605 PMCID: PMC6947875 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to explore aging‑associated cardiac dysfunction and the possible mechanism by which swimming exercise modulates cardiac dysfunction in aged mice. Aged mice were divided into two groups: i) Aged mice; and ii) aged mice subjected to swimming exercises. Another cohort of 4‑month‑old male mice served as the control group. Cardiac structure and function in mice were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and echocardiography. The levels of oxidative stress were determined by measuring the levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‑related protein PKR‑like ER kinase, glucose‑regulated protein 78 and C/EBP homologous protein were determined to evaluate the level of ER stress. The aged group exhibited an abnormal cardiac structure and decreased cardiac function, both of which were ameliorated by swimming exercise. The hearts of the aged mice exhibited pronounced oxidative and ER stress, which were ameliorated by exercise, and was accompanied by the reactivation of myocardial cGMP and suppression of cGMP‑specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). The inhibition of PDE5 attenuated age‑induced cardiac dysfunction, blocked ROS production and suppressed ER stress. An ER stress inducer abolished the beneficial effects of the swimming exercise on cardiac function and increased ROS production. The present study suggested that exercise restored cardiac function in mice with age‑induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress and ER stress, and increasing cGMP‑protein kinase G signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chang
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lang Hu
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Huishou Zhao
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Minggang Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Baoying Chen
- Central Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Miaozhang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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161
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Xin M, Jin X, Cui X, Jin C, Piao L, Wan Y, Xu S, Zhang S, Yue X, Wang H, Nan Y, Cheng X. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition prevents vascular aging in mice under chronic stress: Modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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162
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Arauna D, Furrianca M, Espinosa-Parrilla Y, Fuentes E, Alarcón M, Palomo I. Natural Bioactive Compounds As Protectors Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Cardiovascular Diseases And Aging. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234259. [PMID: 31766727 PMCID: PMC6930637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet, particularly the Mediterranean diet, has been considered as a protective factor against the development of cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of death in the world. Aging is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which have an oxidative pathophysiological component, being the mitochondria one of the key organelles in the regulation of oxidative stress. Certain natural bioactive compounds have the ability to regulate oxidative phosphorylation, the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of mitochondrial proteins; but their efficacy within the mitochondrial physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases has not been clarified yet. The following review has the purpose of evaluating several natural compounds with evidence of mitochondrial effect in cardiovascular disease models, ascertaining the main cellular mechanisms and their potential use as functional foods for prevention of cardiovascular disease and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
| | - María Furrianca
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Departamento de enfermería, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine —LMM, Center for Education, Healthcare and Investigation—CADI, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (I.P.)
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (I.P.)
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163
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Litwin NS, Van Ark HJ, Hartley SC, Michell KA, Vazquez AR, Fischer EK, Melby CL, Weir TL, Wei Y, Rao S, Hildreth KL, Seals DR, Pagliassotti MJ, Johnson SA. Impact of Red Beetroot Juice on Vascular Endothelial Function and Cardiometabolic Responses to a High-Fat Meal in Middle-Aged/Older Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz113. [PMID: 31737860 PMCID: PMC6848269 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat meal (HFM) consumption may induce transient postprandial atherogenic responses, including impairment of vascular endothelial function, in individuals with overweight/obesity. Red beetroot juice (RBJ) may modulate endothelial function and other measures of cardiometabolic health. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of acute and chronic RBJ consumption, including nitrate-dependent and -independent effects, on postprandial endothelial function and other cardiometabolic responses to a HFM. METHODS Fifteen men and postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-period, crossover clinical trial. Following an overnight fast, participants underwent baseline assessment of endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index; RHI) and hemodynamics, and biological sample collection. In random order, participants consumed 70 mL (acute visit) of: 1) RBJ, 2) nitrate-free RBJ (NF-RBJ), 3) placebo + nitrate (PBO + NIT), or 4) placebo (PBO), followed by a HFM. RHI was remeasured 4 h post-HFM, and hemodynamic assessment and biological sample collection were performed 1, 2, and 4 h post-HFM consumption. Participants consumed treatments daily for 4 wk (chronic visit), and assessments were repeated before/after the HFM (without consuming treatments). RESULTS HFM consumption did not induce significant impairment of postprandial RHI. No significant differences in RHI were detected across treatment groups following acute or chronic exposure, despite increases in circulating nitrate/nitrite (NOx) concentrations in the RBJ and PBO + NIT groups compared with PBO and NF-RBJ (P < 0.0001 for all time points at the acute visit; P < 0.05 for all time points at the chronic visit). Although the HFM led to significant alterations in several secondary outcomes, there were no consistent treatment effects on postprandial cardiometabolic responses. CONCLUSIONS HFM consumption did not impair postprandial endothelial function in this population, and RBJ exposure did not alter postprandial endothelial function or other outcomes despite increasing NOx concentrations. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02949115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Litwin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hannah J Van Ark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shannon C Hartley
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kiri A Michell
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Allegra R Vazquez
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily K Fischer
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christopher L Melby
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Yuren Wei
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael J Pagliassotti
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Rosas PC, Warren CM, Creed HA, Trzeciakowski JP, Solaro RJ, Tong CW. Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Phosphorylation Mitigates Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: Hope for Better Aging? JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:817-830. [PMID: 31998850 PMCID: PMC6978553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) phosphorylation prevents aging-related cardiac dysfunction. We tested this hypothesis by aging genetic mouse models of hypophosphorylated cMyBP-C, wild-type equivalent, and phosphorylated-mimetic cMyBP-C for 18 to 20 months. Phosphorylated-mimetic cMyBP-C mice exhibited better survival, better preservation of systolic and diastolic functions, and unchanging wall thickness. Wild-type equivalent mice showed decreasing cMyBP-C phosphorylation along with worsening cardiac function and hypertrophy approaching those found in hypophosphorylated cMyBP-C mice. Intact papillary muscle experiments suggested that cMyBP-C phosphorylation increased cross-bridge detachment rates as the underlying mechanism. Thus, phosphorylating cMyBP-C is a novel mechanism with potential to treat aging-related cardiac dysfunction.
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Key Words
- 3SA, mutated 3 serines to 3 alanines to mimic hypophosphorylated cardiac myosin binding protein-C (S273A, S282A, and S302A)
- 3SD, mutated 3 serines to 3 aspartic acids to mimic phosphorylated cMyBP-C (S273D, S282D, and S302D)
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- EF, ejection fraction
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HOP, hydroxyproline
- LV, left ventricular
- aging
- cMyBP-C, cardiac myosin binding protein-C
- cTnI, cardiac troponin I
- cardiac myosin binding protein-C
- dyastolic dysfunction
- heart failure
- phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola C. Rosas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chad M. Warren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Heidi A. Creed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A and M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, Texas
| | - Jerome P. Trzeciakowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A and M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, Texas
| | - R. John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carl W. Tong
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A and M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, Texas
- Catholic Health Initiatives-St. Joseph Health, Bryan, Texas
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165
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The role of endothelial cells in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18:752-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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166
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Piccirillo F, Carpenito M, Verolino G, Chello C, Nusca A, Lusini M, Spadaccio C, Nappi F, Di Sciascio G, Nenna A. Changes of the coronary arteries and cardiac microvasculature with aging: Implications for translational research and clinical practice. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 184:111161. [PMID: 31647940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging results in functional and structural changes in the cardiovascular system, translating into a progressive increase of mechanical vessel stiffness, due to a combination of changes in micro-RNA expression patterns, autophagy, arterial calcification, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. The two pivotal mechanisms of aging-related endothelial dysfunction are oxidative stress and inflammation, even in the absence of clinical disease. A comprehensive understanding of the aging process is emerging as a primary concern in literature, as vascular aging has recently become a target for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Change of life-style, diet, antioxidant regimens, anti-inflammatory treatments, senolytic drugs counteract the pro-aging pathways or target senescent cells modulating their detrimental effects. Such therapies aim to reduce the ineluctable burden of age and contrast aging-associated cardiovascular dysfunction. This narrative review intends to summarize the macrovascular and microvascular changes related with aging, as a better understanding of the pathways leading to arterial aging may contribute to design new mechanism-based therapeutic approaches to attenuate the features of vascular senescence and its clinical impact on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camilla Chello
- Dermatology, Università "La Sapienza" di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Lusini
- Cardiovascular surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Nappi
- Cardiac surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord de Saint Denis, Paris, France
| | | | - Antonio Nenna
- Cardiovascular surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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Januário Costa T, Jiménez-Altayó F, Echem C, Akamine EH, Tostes R, Vila E, Dantas AP, Catelli de Carvalho MH. Late Onset of Estrogen Therapy Impairs Carotid Function of Senescent Females in Association with Altered Prostanoid Balance and Upregulation of the Variant ERα36. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101217. [PMID: 31597326 PMCID: PMC6829869 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent analysis of clinical trials on estrogen therapy proposes the existence of a therapeutic window of opportunity for the cardiovascular benefits of estrogens, which depend on women's age and the onset of therapy initiation. In this study, we aimed to determine how vascular senescence and the onset of estrogen treatment influence the common carotid artery (CCA) function in senescent and non-senescent females. Ovariectomized female senescence-accelerated (SAMP8) or non-senescent (SAMR1) mice were treated with vehicle (OVX) or 17β-estradiol starting at the day of ovariectomy (early-onset, E2E) or 45 days after surgery (late-onset, E2L). In SAMR1, both treatments, E2E and E2L, reduced constriction to phenylephrine (Phe) in CCA [(AUC) OVX: 193.8 ± 15.5; E2E: 128.1 ± 11.6; E2L: 130.2 ± 15.8, p = 0.004] in association with positive regulation of NO/O2- ratio and increased prostacyclin production. In contrast, E2E treatment did not modify vasoconstrictor responses to Phe in OVX-SAMP8 and, yet, E2L increased Phe vasoconstriction [(AUC) OVX: 165.3 ± 10; E2E: 183.3 ± 11.1; E2L: 256.3 ± 30.4, p = 0.005]. Increased vasoconstriction in E2L-SAMP8 was associated with augmented thromboxane A2 and reduced NO production. Analysis of wild-type receptor alpha (ERα66) expression and its variants revealed an increased expression of ERα36 in E2L-SAMP8 in correlation with unfavorable effects of estrogen in those animals. In conclusion, estrogen exerts beneficial effects in non-senescent CCA, regardless of the initiation of the therapy. In senescent CCA, however, estrogen loses its beneficial action even when administered shortly after ovariectomy and may become detrimental when given late after ovariectomy. Aging and onset of estrogen treatment are two critical factors in the mechanism of action of this hormone in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Januário Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (T.J.C.); (C.E.); (E.H.A.); (M.H.C.d.C.)
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (F.J.-A.); (E.V.)
- Group of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease, Institut Clinic del Torax, Institut d’Investigaciones Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (F.J.-A.); (E.V.)
| | - Cinthya Echem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (T.J.C.); (C.E.); (E.H.A.); (M.H.C.d.C.)
| | - Eliana Hiromi Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (T.J.C.); (C.E.); (E.H.A.); (M.H.C.d.C.)
| | - Rita Tostes
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Elisabet Vila
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (F.J.-A.); (E.V.)
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Group of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease, Institut Clinic del Torax, Institut d’Investigaciones Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Helena Catelli de Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (T.J.C.); (C.E.); (E.H.A.); (M.H.C.d.C.)
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Preventza O, Price MD, Amarasekara HS, Orozco-Sevilla V, Chatterjee S, Zhang Q, de la Cruz KI, Coselli JS. In the endovascular era, is elective open aortic arch surgery in elderly patients still justified? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:973-979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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169
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Li H, Wang X, Lu X, Zhu H, Li S, Duan S, Zhao X, Zhang F, Alterovitz G, Wang F, Li Q, Tian XL, Xu M. Co-expression network analysis identified hub genes critical to triglyceride and free fatty acid metabolism as key regulators of age-related vascular dysfunction in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7620-7638. [PMID: 31514170 PMCID: PMC6781998 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aging has often been linked to age-related vascular disorders. The elucidation of the putative genes and pathways underlying vascular aging likely provides useful insights into vascular diseases at advanced ages. Transcriptional regulatory network analysis is the key to describing genetic interactions between molecular regulators and their target gene transcriptionally changed during vascular aging. Results: A total of 469 differentially expressed genes were parsed into 6 modules. Among the incorporated sample traits, the most significant module related to vascular aging was associated with triglyceride and enriched with biological terms like proteolysis, blood circulation, and circulatory system process. The module associated with triglyceride was preserved in an independent microarray dataset, indicating the robustness of the identified vascular aging-related subnetwork. Additionally, Enpp5, Fez1, Kif1a, F3, H2-Q7, and their interacting miRNAs mmu-miR-449a, mmu-miR-449c, mmu-miR-34c, mmu-miR-34b-5p, mmu-miR-15a, and mmu-let-7, exhibited the most connectivity with external lipid-related traits. Transcriptional alterations of the hub genes Enpp5, Fez1, Kif1a, and F3, and the interacting microRNAs mmu-miR-34c, mmu-miR-34b-5p, mmu-let-7, mmu-miR-449a, and mmu-miR-449c were confirmed. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that triglyceride and free fatty acid-related genes are key regulators of age-related vascular dysfunction in mice and show that the hub genes for Enpp5, Fez1, Kif1a, and F3 as well as their interacting miRNAs mmu-miR-34c, mmu-miR-34b-5p, mmu-let-7, mmu-miR-449a, and mmu-miR-449c, could serve as potential biomarkers in vascular aging. Methods: The microarray gene expression profiles of aorta samples from 6-month old mice (n=6) and 20-month old mice (n=6) were processed to identify nominal differentially expressed genes. These nominal differentially expressed genes were subjected to a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. A network-driven integrative analysis with microRNAs and transcription factors was performed to define significant modules and underlying regulatory pathways associated with vascular aging, and module preservation test was conducted to validate the age-related modules based on an independent microarray gene expression dataset in mice aorta samples including three 32-week old wild-type mice (around 6-month old) and three 78-week old wild-type mice (around 20-month old). Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction analyses were conducted to determine the hub genes as potential biomarkers in the progress of vascular aging. The hub genes were further validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in aorta samples from 20 young (6-month old) mice and 20 old (20-month old) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongxin Zhu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- , Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhao
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | | | - Gil Alterovitz
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fudi Wang
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Department of Human Population Genetics, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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170
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Li C, Tan F, Yang J, Yang Y, Gou Y, Li S, Zhao X. Antioxidant Effects of Apocynum venetum Tea Extracts on d-Galactose-Induced Aging Model in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090381. [PMID: 31500342 PMCID: PMC6770887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicinal drink, Apocynum venetum, a local tea from Xinjiang, China, is favored for its rich flavor and biological functionality. This study looked at aging mice induced by d-galactose to determine the in vivo anti-aging effect of Apocynum venetum tea extracts (AVTEs) and its bioactive components. We evaluated the weight of major organs (via organ index) and pathological changes in the liver. We also detailed the effects of AVTE (250 mg/kg in the low dose group, 500 mg/kg in the high dose group) on biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-1β) in the serum of aging mice. We investigated the anti-aging effects of AVTE in d-galactose-induced aging mice via quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. In addition, we analyzed the biological components of AVTEs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results were remarkable, suggesting that AVTE significantly improved d-galactose-induced aging mice, with the high dose group showing the best results among other groups. ATVE can effectively alleviate hepatocyte edema, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration and injury in mice, induce a protective effect via up-regulation of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant related factors, and play an important role in the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) and the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β). At the same time, HPLC analysis showed that AVTEs contain neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, astragalin, isochlorogenic acid C, rosmarinic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid. Thus, AVTE appears to be an effectively functional drink due to its rich functional components and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines.
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Yuting Gou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Shuting Li
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
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171
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Dai W, Li D, Cai Y, Qiu E, Xu J, Li J, Wang Y, Guo Y, Li Y, Jiang B, Zhang Y, Ge J, Yao C, Zhang R, Liu G, Yao G, Cai J, Zhao X. Association between homocysteine and multivascular atherosclerosis in stroke-related vascular beds determined by three-dimensional magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 70:72-78. [PMID: 31447358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis in stroke-related vascular beds is the major cause of stroke. Studies demonstrated that multivascular atherosclerosis is prevalent in stroke patients and those with multivascular plaques had higher risk of recurrent stroke. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between homocysteine and multivascular atherosclerosis in stroke-related vascular beds using magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Patients with recent ischemic cerebrovascular symptoms were enrolled and underwent three-dimensional magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging for intracranial arteries, extracranial carotid arteries and aortic arch. Traditional risk factors and homocysteine were measured. Presence of multivascular plaques defined as plaques in at least two stroke-related vascular beds on magnetic resonance imaging was determined. The relationship between homocysteine and characteristics of multivascular plaques was determined. RESULTS Of 49 enrolled patients (mean age: 56.3 ± 13.8 years; 35 males), 23 had multivascular plaques. Homocysteine (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.34; p = 0.022) and age (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.41; p = 0.002) were significantly associated with presence of multivascular plaques. The adjusted associations remained significant (both p < 0.05). In discriminating presence of multivascular plaques, the area-under-the-curve of age, homocysteine and combination of them was 0.79, 0.70 and 0.87 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Homocysteine is independently associated with stroke-related multivascular plaques and combination of age and homocysteine has stronger predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Enchao Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yueqi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Junling Ge
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Cunshan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Runhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gaifen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoen Yao
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xihai Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China.
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172
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Cardiovascular Aging and Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:804-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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173
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Seals DR, Nagy EE, Moreau KL. Aerobic exercise training and vascular function with ageing in healthy men and women. J Physiol 2019; 597:4901-4914. [PMID: 31077372 DOI: 10.1113/jp277764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women in developed societies. Age is the greatest risk factor for CVD due largely to adverse changes to arteries that include stiffening of the large elastic arteries (aortic and carotid arteries) and endothelial dysfunction. Vascular ageing is driven by oxidative stress, which reduces nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and stimulates changes in the extracellular matrix. In women, reductions in circulating oestrogens with menopause interact with ageing processes to induce vascular dysfunction. Regular aerobic exercise is the most evidence-based strategy for reducing CVD risk with ageing in both men and women. Much of this cardiovascular-protective effect of aerobic exercise is likely due to its vascular health-enhancing influence. Large elastic artery stiffening with advancing age is attenuated in healthy adults engaged in aerobic exercise training, and aerobic exercise interventions improve arterial stiffness in previously sedentary middle-aged and older men and postmenopausal women. Regular aerobic exercise also enhances endothelial function with ageing in men (by reducing oxidative stress and preserving NO bioavailability), but not consistently in oestrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, treatment with oestradiol appears to restore the ability of aerobic exercise to improve NO-mediated endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress. Several research gaps exist in our understanding of potential sex differences in the vascular adaptations to regular aerobic exercise. More information is needed on the factors that are responsible for sex differences, including the role of circulating oestrogens in transducing the aerobic exercise training 'stimulus'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Erzsebet E Nagy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Denver Veterans Administrative Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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174
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Attenuation of frailty in older adults with mesenchymal stem cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 181:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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175
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Leite S, Cerqueira RJ, Ibarrola J, Fontoura D, Fernández-Celis A, Zannad F, Falcão-Pires I, Paulus WJ, Leite-Moreira AF, Rossignol P, López-Andrés N, Lourenço AP. Arterial Remodeling and Dysfunction in the ZSF1 Rat Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e005596. [PMID: 31525070 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between the stiffened heart and vessels has long been viewed as a core mechanism in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, but the incremental vascular molecular remodeling mechanisms from systemic arterial hypertension to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction remain poorly investigated. Our aim was to characterize central arterial remodeling and dysfunction in ZSF1 obese rats and to compare it with hypertensive ZSF1 lean and healthy Wistar-Kyoto controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-week-old male ZSF1 obese (n=9), lean (n=9), and Wistar-Kyoto rats (n=9) underwent left ventricular pressure-volume loop evaluation and synchronous acquisition of ascending aortic flow and pressure. Aortic rings underwent functional evaluation, histology, and molecular biology studies. Although mean arterial pressure, characteristic aortic impedance, and reactivity to phenylephrine were similarly increased in hypertensive ZSF1 lean and obese, only ZSF1 obese showed impaired relaxation and upward-shifted end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships despite preserved systolic function indexes, denoting heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ZSF1 obese phenotype further showed decreased aortic compliance, increased wave reflection, and impaired direct NO donor and endothelial-mediated vasodilation which were accompanied on structural and molecular grounds by aortic media thickening, higher collagen content and collagen/elastin ratio, increased fibronectin and α-5 integrin protein expression and upregulated TGF (transforming growth factor)-β and CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) levels. CONCLUSIONS Functional, molecular, and structural disturbances of central vessels and their potentially underlying pathways were newly characterized in experimental heart failure with preserved ejection fraction rendering the ZSF1 obese rat model suitable for preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Leite
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal (S.L., R.C., D.F., I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M., A.P.L.)
| | - Rui J Cerqueira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal (S.L., R.C., D.F., I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M., A.P.L.).,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.C., A.F.L.-M.), São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jaime Ibarrola
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain (J.I., A.F.-C., N.L.-A.)
| | - Dulce Fontoura
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal (S.L., R.C., D.F., I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M., A.P.L.)
| | - Amaya Fernández-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain (J.I., A.F.-C., N.L.-A.)
| | - Faiez Zannad
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France (F.Z., P.R., N.L.-A.)
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal (S.L., R.C., D.F., I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M., A.P.L.)
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.J.P.)
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal (S.L., R.C., D.F., I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M., A.P.L.).,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.C., A.F.L.-M.), São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France (F.Z., P.R., N.L.-A.)
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain (J.I., A.F.-C., N.L.-A.).,INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France (F.Z., P.R., N.L.-A.)
| | - André P Lourenço
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal (S.L., R.C., D.F., I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M., A.P.L.).,Department of Anesthesiology (A.P.L.), São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
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176
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Lee JH, Kim KI, Cho MC. Current status and therapeutic considerations of hypertension in the elderly. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:687-695. [PMID: 31272140 PMCID: PMC6610178 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of hypertension in the elderly population is increasing, information regarding the characteristics, optimal blood pressure targets, and special considerations for elderly hypertensive patients is needed to improve clinical outcomes. Various factors should be considered when managing hypertension in elderly patients, and there are many controversial issues and conflicting results related to the optimal treatment of hypertension in the elderly. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology and characteristics of elderly hypertensive patients and discuss the optimal treatment of hypertension in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Myeong-Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Correspondence to Myeong-Chan Cho, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea Tel: +82-43-269-6356, Fax: +82-43-269-6354, E-mail:
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177
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Long Noncoding Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Age-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123079. [PMID: 31238513 PMCID: PMC6627372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most serious health problem in the world, displaying high rates of morbidity and mortality. One of the main risk factors for CVDs is age. Indeed, several mechanisms are at play during aging, determining the functional decline of the cardiovascular system. Aging cells and tissues are characterized by diminished autophagy, causing the accumulation of damaged proteins and mitochondria, as well as by increased levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, senescence and inflammation. These processes can induce a rapid deterioration of cellular quality-control systems. However, the molecular mechanisms of age-associated CVDs are only partially known, hampering the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Evidence has emerged indicating that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs), are implicated in most patho-physiological mechanisms. Specifically, lncRNAs can bind miRNAs and act as competing endogenous-RNAs (ceRNAs), therefore modulating the levels of the mRNAs targeted by the sponged miRNA. These complex lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks, by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, senescence and inflammation, play a crucial role in the development of age-dependent CVDs. In this review, the emerging knowledge on lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks will be summarized and the way in which they influence age-related CVDs development will be discussed.
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178
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Cao Y, Sun XY, Zhong M, Li L, Zhang M, Lin MJ, Zhang YK, Jiang GH, Zhang W, Shang YY. Evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by vector flow mapping: Comparison with healthy subjects. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4379-4388. [PMID: 31105778 PMCID: PMC6507509 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of energy loss assessed by vector flow mapping (VFM) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). VFM analysis was performed in 42 patients with HCM and in 40 control subjects, which were matched for age, sex and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. The intra-LV and left atrial blood flow were obtained from the apical 3-chamber view, and the energy loss (EL) during the systolic and diastolic phases was calculated. The measurements were averaged over three cardiac cycles and indexed to body surface area. Compared with the controls, the left ventricular energy loss (LVEL)-total value was significantly decreased in patients with HCM during the diastolic phase (P1, P2 and P3; all P<0.05). A tendency for increased systolic LVEL-total values was observed in the patients with HCM compared with the controls (P>0.05). LVEL-base values were decreased in the patients with HCM during P1 and P2 (slow filling time). Compared with the controls, patients with HCM had lower LVEL-mid values during the diastolic phases (P0, P1, P2 and P3; all P<0.05). However, the LVEL-mid value of patients with HCM was higher compared with that of the controls during systolic P5 (P<0.05). LVEL-apex was decreased in patients with HCM during P0, P2 and P3. Compared with the controls, the left atrial energy loss (LAEL) of all three phases in patients with HCM were lower (each P<0.01). The diastolic LVEL values were significantly lower in patients with HCM compared with the controls; however, the systolic LVEL levels tended to be higher in HCM. The LAEL of the reservoir phase, conduit phase and atrial systolic phase were decreased in HCM compared with controls. The present study demonstrated that measurement of EL by VFM is a sensitive method of determining subclinical LV dysfunction in patients with HCM. The value of EL has been considered to be a quantitative parameter for the estimation of the efficiency of intraventricular blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jie Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ke Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Hua Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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179
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del Campo L, Sánchez‐López A, Salaices M, von Kleeck RA, Expósito E, González‐Gómez C, Cussó L, Guzmán‐Martínez G, Ruiz‐Cabello J, Desco M, Assoian RK, Briones AM, Andrés V. Vascular smooth muscle cell-specific progerin expression in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome promotes arterial stiffness: Therapeutic effect of dietary nitrite. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12936. [PMID: 30884114 PMCID: PMC6516150 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular stiffness is a major cause of cardiovascular disease during normal aging and in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a rare genetic disorder caused by ubiquitous progerin expression. This mutant form of lamin A causes premature aging associated with cardiovascular alterations that lead to death at an average age of 14.6 years. We investigated the mechanisms underlying vessel stiffness in LmnaG609G/G609G mice with ubiquitous progerin expression, and tested the effect of treatment with nitrites. We also bred LmnaLCS/LCS Tie2Cre+/tg and LmnaLCS/LCS SM22αCre+/tg mice, which express progerin specifically in endothelial cells (ECs) and in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively, to determine the specific contribution of each cell type to vascular pathology. We found vessel stiffness and inward remodeling in arteries of LmnaG609G/G609G and LmnaLCS/LCS SM22αCre+/tg , but not in those from LmnaLCS/LCS Tie2Cre+/tg mice. Structural alterations in aortas of progeroid mice were associated with decreased smooth muscle tissue content, increased collagen deposition, and decreased transverse waving of elastin layers in the media. Functional studies identified collagen (unlike elastin and the cytoskeleton) as an underlying cause of aortic stiffness in progeroid mice. Consistent with this, we found increased deposition of collagens III, IV, V, and XII in the media of progeroid aortas. Vessel stiffness and inward remodeling in progeroid mice were prevented by adding sodium nitrite in drinking water. In conclusion, LmnaG609G/G609G arteries exhibit stiffness and inward remodeling, mainly due to progerin-induced damage to VSMCs, which causes increased deposition of medial collagen and a secondary alteration in elastin structure. Treatment with nitrites prevents vascular stiffness in progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara del Campo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)Spain
| | - Amanda Sánchez‐López
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Ryan A. von Kleeck
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Elba Expósito
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)Spain
| | - Cristina González‐Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)Spain
| | - Lorena Cussó
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería AeroespacialUniversidad Carlos III de MadridMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)Spain
| | - Gabriela Guzmán‐Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- Cardiac Imaging Unit, Cardiology DepartmentHospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain
| | - Jesús Ruiz‐Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)Spain
- Present address:
CIC biomaGUNE and Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceSan SebastiánSpain
- Present address:
Universidad Complutense MadridMadridSpain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería AeroespacialUniversidad Carlos III de MadridMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)Spain
| | - Richard K. Assoian
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Ana M. Briones
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)Spain
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180
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Brunt VE, Gioscia‐Ryan RA, Richey JJ, Zigler MC, Cuevas LM, Gonzalez A, Vázquez‐Baeza Y, Battson ML, Smithson AT, Gilley AD, Ackermann G, Neilson AP, Weir T, Davy KP, Knight R, Seals DR. Suppression of the gut microbiome ameliorates age-related arterial dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice. J Physiol 2019; 597:2361-2378. [PMID: 30714619 PMCID: PMC6487935 DOI: 10.1113/jp277336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Age-related arterial dysfunction, characterized by oxidative stress- and inflammation-mediated endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. To investigate whether age-related changes in the gut microbiome may mediate arterial dysfunction, we suppressed gut microbiota in young and old mice with a cocktail of broad-spectrum, poorly-absorbed antibiotics in drinking water for 3-4 weeks. In old mice, antibiotic treatment reversed endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening and attenuated vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. To provide insight into age-related changes in gut microbiota that may underlie these observations, we show that ageing altered the abundance of microbial taxa associated with gut dysbiosis and increased plasma levels of the adverse gut-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide. The results of the present study provide the first proof-of-concept evidence that the gut microbiome is an important mediator of age-related arterial dysfunction and therefore may be a promising therapeutic target for preserving arterial function with ageing, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. ABSTRACT Oxidative stress-mediated arterial dysfunction (e.g. endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening) is the primary mechanism driving age-related cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests the gut microbiome modulates host physiology because dysregulation ('gut dysbiosis') has systemic consequences, including promotion of oxidative stress. The present study aimed to determine whether the gut microbiome modulates arterial function with ageing. We measured arterial function in young and older mice after 3-4 weeks of treatment with broad-spectrum, poorly-absorbed antibiotics to suppress the gut microbiome. To identify potential mechanistic links between the gut microbiome and age-related arterial dysfunction, we sequenced microbiota from young and older mice and measured plasma levels of the adverse gut-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). In old mice, antibiotics reversed endothelial dysfunction [area-under-the-curve carotid artery dilatation to acetylcholine in young: 345 ± 16 AU vs. old control (OC): 220 ± 34 AU, P < 0.01; vs. old antibiotic-treated (OA): 334 ± 15 AU; P < 0.01 vs. OC] and arterial stiffening (aortic pulse wave velocity in young: 3.62 ± 0.15 m s-1 vs. OC: 4.43 ± 0.38 m s-1 ; vs. OA: 3.52 ± 0.35 m s-1 ; P = 0.03). These improvements were accompanied by lower oxidative stress and greater antioxidant enzyme expression. Ageing altered the abundance of gut microbial taxa associated with gut dysbiosis. Lastly, plasma TMAO was higher with ageing (young: 2.6 ± 0.4 μmol L-1 vs. OC: 7.2 ± 2.0 μmol L-1 ; P < 0.0001) and suppressed by antibiotic treatment (OA: 1.2 ± 0.2 μmol L-1 ; P < 0.0001 vs. OC). The results of the present study provide the first evidence for the gut microbiome being an important mediator of age-related arterial dysfunction and oxidative stress and suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiome health may hold promise for preserving arterial function and reducing cardiovascular risk with ageing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna E. Brunt
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - James J. Richey
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Melanie C. Zigler
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Lauren M. Cuevas
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Micah L. Battson
- Department of Food Science & Human NutritionColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Andrew T. Smithson
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Andrew D. Gilley
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Tiffany Weir
- Department of Food Science & Human NutritionColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Kevin P. Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and ExerciseVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center for Microbiome InnovationUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
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181
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Hu D, Dong R, Yang Y, Chen Z, Tang Y, Fu M, Wang DW, Xu X, Tu L. Human kallikrein overexpression alleviates cardiac aging by alternatively regulating macrophage polarization in aged rats. FASEB J 2019; 33:8436-8452. [PMID: 30995868 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802371rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is characterized by myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Human kallikrein (hKLK1) protects against fibrosis in various pathogenic states. However, the effects of hKLK1 overexpression on cardiac aging-related fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Moreover, the role of hKLK1 in regulating macrophage function leading to cardiac fibrosis has not been investigated. Thus, in this study, we determined the effects of hKLK1 on cardiac aging and explored the mechanisms through which hKLK1 regulated aging-related fibrosis. Echocardiographic measurements showed that aging caused significant alternations in cardiac morphology, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in rats, and hKLK1 overexpression protected against aging-induced cardiac dysfunction. Compared with wild-type hearts, the hKLK1 transgene decreased the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction and excess oxidative stress, leading to decreased recruitment and retention of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages and reduced secretion of profibrotic cytokines mediated by the TGF-β1-Smad3 signaling pathway in hearts of aging rats. Furthermore, these cardioprotective effects of hKLK1 overexpression were associated with the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. H2O2-induced senescence promoted the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into M2-type cells induced by IL-4 treatment. Bradykinin treatment relieved the migratory capacity of macrophages induced by H2O2. Thus, hKLK1 overexpression reduced cardiac fibrosis and improved aging-related cardiac dysfunction through reduced shift of macrophages to M2 macrophages, indicating that hKLK1 may alleviate aging-related cardiac dysfunction.-Hu, D., Dong, R., Yang, Y., Chen, Z., Tang, Y., Fu, M., Wang, D. W., Xu, X., Tu, L. Human kallikrein overexpression alleviates cardiac aging by alternatively regulating macrophage polarization in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglu Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Martins JD, Zachariah J, Selamet Tierney ES, Truong U, Morris SA, Kutty S, de Ferranti SD, Guarino M, Thomas B, Oliveira D, Marinho A, António M, Gauvreau K, Jalles N, Geva T, Carmo MM, Prakash A. Impact of Treatment Modality on Vascular Function in Coarctation of the Aorta: The LOVE - COARCT Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011536. [PMID: 30929556 PMCID: PMC6509735 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Optimally treated patients with coarctation of the aorta remain at risk for late vascular dysfunction. The effect of treatment modality on vascular function is unknown. The LOVE-COARCT (Long-term Outcomes and Vascular Evaluation After Successful Coarctation of the Aorta Treatment) study was done to compare vascular function in patients with coarctation of the aorta treated with surgery, balloon dilation (BD), or stent implantation. Methods and Results In treated coarctation of the aorta patients without residual coarctation, we prospectively compared aortic stiffness by applanation tonometry and cardiac magnetic resonance; endothelial function by endothelial pulse amplitude testing; blood pressure ( BP ) phenotype by office BP , ambulatory BP monitoring, and BP response to exercise; left ventricular mass by cardiac magnetic resonance; and blood biomarkers of endothelial function, inflammation, vascular wall function, and extracellular matrix. Participants included 75 patients treated with surgery (n=28), BD (n=23), or stent (n=24). Groups had similar age at enrollment, coarctation of the aorta severity, residual gradient, and metabolic profile, but differed by age at treatment. Prevalence of systemic hypertension, aortic stiffness, endothelial function, and left ventricular mass were similar among treatment groups. However, BD patients had more-distensible ascending aortas, lower peak systolic BP during exercise, less impairment in diurnal BP variation, and lower inflammatory biomarkers. Results were unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders, including age at treatment. Conclusions In our cohort of patients without residual coarctation, treatment modality was not associated with major vascular outcomes, even though there were some favorable vascular characteristics in the BD patients. Although this suggests that choice of treatment modality should continue to be driven by likelihood of achieving a good anatomical result, more long-term studies are required to assess the clinical significance of the more-optimal results of secondary markers of vascular function in BD patients. Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 03262753.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D. Martins
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyHospital de Santa MartaCentro Hospitalar de Lisboa CentralLisbonPortugal
| | - Justin Zachariah
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsTexas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
| | - Elif Seda Selamet Tierney
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsLucile Packard Children's Hospital and Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA
| | - Uyen Truong
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyChildren's Hospital ColoradoDenverCO
| | - Shaine A. Morris
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsTexas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyChildren's Hospital and Medical CenterOmahaNE
- University of Nebraska College of MedicineOmahaNE
| | - Sarah D. de Ferranti
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Maria Guarino
- CEDOC Chronic DiseasesNova Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
| | - Boban Thomas
- Ressonância Magnética CaselasS.A. LisbonPortugal
| | - Diana Oliveira
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentInstituto Superior TécnicoLisbonPortugal
| | - António Marinho
- Pediatric Cardiology DepartmentHospital Pediátrico de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Marta António
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyHospital de Santa MartaCentro Hospitalar de Lisboa CentralLisbonPortugal
| | - Kimberlee Gauvreau
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Nuno Jalles
- Ressonância Magnética CaselasS.A. LisbonPortugal
| | - Tal Geva
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | - Ashwin Prakash
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Chacar S, Hajal J, Saliba Y, Bois P, Louka N, Maroun RG, Faivre J, Fares N. Long-term intake of phenolic compounds attenuates age-related cardiac remodeling. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12894. [PMID: 30680911 PMCID: PMC6413651 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With the onset of advanced age, cardiac-associated pathologies have increased in prevalence. The hallmarks of cardiac aging include cardiomyocyte senescence, fibroblast proliferation, inflammation, and hypertrophy. The imbalance between levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes is greatly enhanced in aging cells, promoting cardiac remodeling. In this work, we studied the long-term impact of phenolic compounds (PC) on age-associated cardiac remodeling. Three-month-old Wistar rats were treated for 14 months till middle-age with either 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg kg-1 day-1 of PC. PC treatment showed a dose-dependent preservation of cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening as well as decreased hypertrophy reflected by left ventricular chamber diameter and posterior wall thickness as compared to untreated middle-aged control animals. Analyses of proteins from cardiac tissue showed that PC attenuated several hypertrophic pathways including calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc3), calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CAMKII), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK 3ß). PC-treated groups exhibited reduced plasma inflammatory and fibrotic markers and revealed as well ameliorated extracellular matrix remodeling and interstitial inflammation by a downregulated p38 pathway. Myocardia from PC-treated middle-aged rats presented less fibrosis with suppression of profibrotic transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) Smad pathway. Additionally, reduction of apoptosis and oxidative damage in the PC-treated groups was reflected by elevated antioxidant enzymes and reduced RNA/DNA damage markers. Our findings pinpoint that a daily consumption of phenolic compounds could preserve the heart from the detrimental effects of aging storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Chacar
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie SantéUniversité Saint JosephBeyrouthLiban
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTAUniversité Saint‐JosephBeyrouthLiban
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)Université de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie SantéUniversité Saint JosephBeyrouthLiban
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie SantéUniversité Saint JosephBeyrouthLiban
| | - Patrick Bois
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)Université de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTAUniversité Saint‐JosephBeyrouthLiban
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTAUniversité Saint‐JosephBeyrouthLiban
| | - Jean‐François Faivre
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)Université de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Nassim Fares
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie SantéUniversité Saint JosephBeyrouthLiban
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Huynh TH, Jafari R, Chung WY. Noninvasive Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Using Pulse Transit Time and Impedance Plethysmography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:967-976. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2865751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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185
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanase Benetos
- From the Department of Geriatrics and FHU CARTAGE, CHU de Nancy and INSERM 1116, Université de Lorraine, France (A.B.)
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Ghent University, Belgium (M.P.)
| | - Timo Strandberg
- University of Helsinki, Clinicum, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (T.S.)
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland (T.S.)
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186
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Kuipers AL, Miljkovic I, Barinas-Mitchell E, Cvejkus R, Bunker CH, Wheeler VW, Zmuda JM. Arterial stiffness and hypertension status in Afro-Caribbean men. J Hypertens 2019; 37:546-554. [PMID: 30234778 PMCID: PMC6355357 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African ancestry individuals are at high risk for hypertensive cardiovascular disease (CVD) and could benefit from early detection of arterial stiffening. We tested the association between the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension categorizations, which include new blood pressure (BP) cutoffs and a definition for elevated BP, and arterial stiffness in 772 Afro-Caribbean men aged 50+ years (mean 64 years). METHODS Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (PWV) using a waveform analyzer. Hypertension groups were based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines and by pharmacologic control status. Multiple linear/logistic regression was used to determine the association of PWV with BP and hypertension. RESULTS Mean (SD) PWV was 1609 (298) cm/s and was independently correlated with age, SBP, pulse, diabetes, height, and alcohol intake (all P < 0.02). After adjusting for these, in men aged at least 65 years, those with stage 1 or uncontrolled stage 2 hypertension had significantly greater PWV than all other groups (all P < 0.05). Men with controlled hypertension had similar PWV to those with elevated BP (P = 0.7); however, this was significantly greater than men with normal BP (all P < 0.05). Patterns were similar, but with smaller effect sizes, in men aged less than 65 years (all P < 0.05 except controlled hypertension versus elevated or normal BP were not significant). CONCLUSION In these high-risk Afro-Caribbeans: stage 1 hypertension is associated with increased PWV, which supports the new guidelines; and, pharmacologic control appears to partially protect men from increased PWV. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine optimal PWV and timing of antihypertensive treatment for preventing future CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Cvejkus
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victor W Wheeler
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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187
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Hardy SA, Mabotuwana NS, Murtha LA, Coulter B, Sanchez-Bezanilla S, Al-Omary MS, Senanayake T, Loering S, Starkey M, Lee RJ, Rainer PP, Hansbro PM, Boyle AJ. Novel role of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in cardiac aging and myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212230. [PMID: 30789914 PMCID: PMC6383988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of heart failure increases in the aging population and following myocardial infarction (MI), yet the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling underpinning the development of aging- and MI-associated cardiac fibrosis remains poorly understood. A link between inflammation and fibrosis in the heart has long been appreciated, but has mechanistically remained undefined. We investigated the expression of a novel protein, extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in the aging and infarcted heart. METHODS Young adult (3-month old) and aging (18-month old) C57BL/6 mice were assessed. Young mice were subjected to left anterior descending artery-ligation to induce MI, or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induce pressure-overload cardiomyopathy. Left ventricle (LV) tissue was collected early and late post-MI/TAC. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were isolated from young healthy mice, and subject to flow cytometry. Human cardiac fibroblast (CFb), myocyte, and coronary artery endothelial & smooth muscle cell lines were cultured; human CFbs were treated with recombinant ECM1. Primary mouse CFbs were cultured and treated with recombinant angiotensin-II or TGF-β1. Immunoblotting, qPCR and mRNA fluorescent in-situ hybridization (mRNA-FISH) were conducted on LV tissue and cells. RESULTS ECM1 expression was upregulated in the aging LV, and in the infarct zone of the LV early post-MI. No significant differences in ECM1 expression were found late post-MI or at any time-point post-TAC. ECM1 was not expressed in any resident cardiac cells, but ECM1 was highly expressed in BMCs, with high ECM1 expression in granulocytes. Flow cytometry of bone marrow revealed ECM1 expression in large granular leucocytes. mRNA-FISH revealed that ECM1 was indeed expressed by inflammatory cells in the infarct zone at day-3 post-MI. ECM1 stimulation of CFbs induced ERK1/2 and AKT activation and collagen-I expression, suggesting a pro-fibrotic role. CONCLUSIONS ECM1 expression is increased in ageing and infarcted hearts but is not expressed by resident cardiac cells. Instead it is expressed by bone marrow-derived granulocytes. ECM1 is sufficient to induce cardiac fibroblast stimulation in vitro. Our findings suggest ECM1 is released from infiltrating inflammatory cells, which leads to cardiac fibroblast stimulation and fibrosis in aging and MI. ECM1 may be a novel intermediary between inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Hardy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Nishani S. Mabotuwana
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Murtha
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Brianna Coulter
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Omary
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tharindu Senanayake
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Svenja Loering
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm Starkey
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Randall J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Edyth and Eli Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Boyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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188
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Chen FF, Song FQ, Chen YQ, Wang ZH, Li YH, Liu MH, Li Y, Song M, Zhang W, Zhao J, Zhong M. Exogenous testosterone alleviates cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis via Gas6/Axl pathway in the senescent mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:128-137. [PMID: 30710682 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen has been implicated in aging-related cardiac remodeling, but its precise role in aging heart remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the role of testosterone in the development of aging-related cardiac remodeling and the mechanisms involved. METHODS Wild type and Axl knockout mice (Axl-/-) were randomized into three groups: the young group (n = 30, 3 months old), the aging group (n = 30, 18 months old), the testosterone undecanoate treatment group (TU, n = 30, 18 months old). Mice in the TU group were given testosterone undecanoate (39 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection on the back at fifteen-months-old, once a month, a total of three times. The old group received solvent reagent (corn oil) by the same method. RESULTS The aging mice exhibited a decrease in serum testosterone, and Gas6 levels and an increase in apoptosis, and manifested cardiac fibrosis. Testosterone injection to wild type mice increased the levels of testosterone and Gas6 in serum and decreased cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis. Axl-/-mice receiving testosterone injection exhibited no obvious improvement in cardiac remodeling although the levels of testosterone and Gas6 in serum elevated. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) alleviates cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis, at least in part by enhancing Gas6 expression. Moreover, deletion of Axl disables testosterone, which indicated that Axl is an important downstream regulator of testosterone. TRT would improve aging-related cardiac remolding via Gas6/Axl signaling pathway, implicating its therapeutic potential to treat aging-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang-Qiang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Gerontology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Hui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming-Hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Siwinska N, Michalek M, Zak A, Slowikowska M, Noszczyk-Nowak A, Niedzwiedz A, Paslawska U. Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of the right coronary artery in healthy horses - a pilot study. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:43. [PMID: 30691453 PMCID: PMC6348654 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precise understanding of the dimensions of the vascular lumina is essential for accurate interpretation of cardiac vessels imaging. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study focusing on the ultrasound measurement of the right coronary artery (RCA) in the horse. The aim of this study was to determine both the ultrasonographic range of the normal diameter and lumen area of the RCA in horses and the influence of gender, age and level of training on the RCA dimensions. An additional aim of the study was to assess intra- and inter-observer repeatability of the collected measurements. Methods Thirty-six privately owned, healthy horses were included in the study. The internal lumen diameter and the area of the RCA were measured in the right parasternal long axis view in the 3rd intercostal space during systole and diastole. The results were compared between groups using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test. The correlation between the physiological parameters and the RCA was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Student’s t-test was used to compare the results obtained by two researchers and from two scanners. Results The mean diameter of the RCA was 13.1 ± 1.5 mm in systole and 11.5 ± 1.3 mm in diastole, and the mean area was 1.3 ± 0.2 cm2 and 1.1 ± 0.2 cm2, respectively. There were no statistically significant measurement differences between geldings and mares. A positive correlation between body weight and RCA dimensions as well as height and RCA dimensions were seen. There was a negative correlation between the age and the RCA area. A statistically significant difference in the RCA area was seen between race and retired horses. Intra- and inter-observer agreement was strong with a few statistically significant differences. Conclusions The age, size, and level of training may affect the ultrasound measurement of the RCA in horses. Non-invasive transthoracic echocardiography may be used to assess the size of the right coronary vessel in various types of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Siwinska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Michalek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Slowikowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Niedzwiedz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Paslawska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
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190
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Chen Y, Yu K, Hu Y, Chang Y. Ginkgo biloba Extract Protects Mesenteric Arterioles of Old Rats via Improving Vessel Elasticity through Akt/FoxO3a Signaling Pathway. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 57:220-228. [PMID: 30684626 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) dietary diminished salt-related elevation of blood pressure and ameliorated ischemic diseases. However, whether GBE could improve vascular elasticity to protect mesenteric arterioles of old rats is still elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GBE on vascular elasticity of old rats and its possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Morphological changes of mesenteric arterioles were observed using hematoxylin and eosin and Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining, and diameters of mesenteric arterioles under various pressure were detected after GBE administration. In addition, phosphorylation level of Akt and FoxO3a proteins from mesenteric arterioles were detected. RESULTS The results implicated that GBE treatment narrowed endothelial cell gap and increased the curvature of inner elastic membrane with reduced middle layer collagen fiber. Meanwhile, compared with young rats, old rats appeared to have lower vascular elasticity while GBE treatment at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg dosage through intragastric administration per day for 3 weeks could effectively improve the vascular elasticity under different pressures in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, phosphorylation level of Akt and FoxO3a was also reduced in GBE-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to indicate that GBE might exert protective effect on mesenteric arterioles of old rats via improving vascular elasticity and Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway might be involved in this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Chang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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191
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Abiri B, Vafa M. Dietary Restriction, Cardiovascular Aging and Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review of the Evidence. REVIEWS ON BIOMARKER STUDIES IN AGING AND ANTI-AGING RESEARCH 2019; 1178:113-127. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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192
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Roca F, Lang PO, Chassagne P. Chronic neurological disorders and related comorbidities: Role of age-associated physiological changes. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 167:105-122. [PMID: 31753128 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge indicates that the physiological aging process starts with subclinical changes at the molecular and cellular level, which affect nearly all physiological systems. For example, the age-associated remodeling of the immune system (i.e., immunosenescence) and vascular aging per se can contribute to frailty and vulnerability among older adults. They are also described as being implicated in the pathophysiology of some major chronic comorbid conditions such as age-associated diseases of the central (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and related disorders) and peripheral (e.g., polyneuropathy) nervous systems. These neurologic disorders are also among the greatest contributors to geriatric syndromes, which refer to highly prevalent and chronic conditions among aged people of multifactorial origin, such as delirium, falls, incontinence, and frailty. Neurologic disorders can also occur in patients with one or more geriatric syndromes and thus further interfere with the quality of life, physical function, morbidity, and mortality. This chapter presents and discusses in three sections the complex interrelationships between the main determinants of aging with a specific focus on vascular aging, chronic neurologic disorders, and the specific clinical presentation of geriatric syndromes in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Roca
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Division, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Philippe Chassagne
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Division, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
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193
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Toba H, Lindsey ML. Extracellular matrix roles in cardiorenal fibrosis: Potential therapeutic targets for CVD and CKD in the elderly. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:99-120. [PMID: 30149103 PMCID: PMC6309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are age-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), aging alone is an independent risk factor. With advancing age, the heart and kidney gradually but significantly undergo inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, which eventually results in an irreversible decline in organ physiology. Through cardiorenal network interactions, cardiac dysfunction leads to and responds to renal injury, and both facilitate aging effects. Thus, a comprehensive strategy is needed to evaluate the cardiorenal aging network. Common hallmarks shared across systems include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, along with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-9. The wide range of MMP-9 substrates, including ECM components and inflammatory cytokines, implicates MMP-9 in a variety of pathological and age-related processes. In particular, there is strong evidence that inflammatory cell-derived MMP-9 exacerbates cardiorenal aging. This review explores the potential therapeutic targets against CVD and CKD in the elderly, focusing on ECM and MMP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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194
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Gorini S, Kim SK, Infante M, Mammi C, La Vignera S, Fabbri A, Jaffe IZ, Caprio M. Role of Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Cardiovascular Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:584. [PMID: 31507534 PMCID: PMC6716354 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was originally identified as a regulator of blood pressure, able to modulate renal sodium handling in response to its principal ligand aldosterone. MR is expressed in several extra-renal tissues, including the heart, vasculature, and adipose tissue. More recent studies have shown that extra-renal MR plays a relevant role in the control of cardiovascular and metabolic functions and has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of aging. MR activation promotes vasoconstriction and acts as a potent pro-fibrotic agent in cardiovascular remodeling. Aging is associated with increased arterial stiffness and vascular tone, and modifications of arterial structure and function are responsible for these alterations. MR activation contributes to increase blood pressure with aging by regulating myogenic tone, vasoconstriction, and vascular oxidative stress. Importantly, aging represents an important contributor to the increased prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome. In the elderly, dysregulation of MR signaling is associated with hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, representing an important cause of increased cardiovascular risk. Clinical use of MR antagonists is limited by the adverse effects induced by MR blockade in the kidney, raising the risk of hyperkalaemia in older patients with reduced renal function. Therefore, there is an unmet need for the enhanced understanding of the role of MR in aging and for development of novel specific MR antagonists in the context of cardiovascular rehabilitation in the elderly, in order to reduce relevant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gorini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Seung Kyum Kim
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Sports Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marco Infante
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Mammi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Iris Z. Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimiliano Caprio
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195
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Rossman MJ, LaRocca TJ, Martens CR, Seals DR. Healthy lifestyle-based approaches for successful vascular aging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1888-1900. [PMID: 30212305 PMCID: PMC6842891 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00521.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes a presentation given at the 2016 Gerontological Society of America Annual Meeting as part of the Vascular Aging Workshop. The development of age-related vascular dysfunction increases the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as other chronic age-associated disorders, including chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer's disease. Healthy lifestyle behaviors, most notably regular aerobic exercise and certain dietary patterns, are considered "first-line" strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular dysfunction with aging. Despite the well-established benefits of these strategies, however, many older adults do not meet the recommended guidelines for exercise or consume a healthy diet. Therefore, it is important to establish alternative and/or complementary evidence-based approaches to prevent or reverse age-related vascular dysfunction. Time-efficient forms of exercise training, hormetic exposure to mild environmental stress, fasting "mimicking" dietary paradigms, and nutraceutical/pharmaceutical approaches to favorably modulate cellular and molecular pathways activated by exercise and healthy dietary patterns may hold promise as such alternative approaches. Determining the efficacy of these novel strategies is important to provide alternatives for adults with low adherence to conventional healthy lifestyle practices for healthy vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Christopher R Martens
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
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196
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Abstract
Due to the steady increase in life expectancy, the number of patients over 80 years of age proposed for coronary angioplasty is increasing significantly. The elderly patient is a patient at high cardiovascular risk and high risk of bleeding; whose severity of prognosis depends of comorbidities. The radial approach presents particularities and technical difficulties that have to be known in this part of the population, but reduce vascular and hemorrhagic complications, as well as mortality. Because of greater safety, the radial approach is therefore the first choice for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rougé
- Institut cardiovasculaire, groupe hospitalier mutualiste, 8, rue Dr Calmette, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - M Abdellaoui
- Institut cardiovasculaire, groupe hospitalier mutualiste, 8, rue Dr Calmette, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - B Faurie
- Institut cardiovasculaire, groupe hospitalier mutualiste, 8, rue Dr Calmette, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - J Monségu
- Institut cardiovasculaire, groupe hospitalier mutualiste, 8, rue Dr Calmette, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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197
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Oliver-Williams C, Glisic M, Shahzad S, Brown E, Pellegrino Baena C, Chadni M, Chowdhury R, Franco OH, Muka T. The route of administration, timing, duration and dose of postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in women: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 25:257-271. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Oliver-Williams
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marija Glisic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Shahzad
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Mahmuda Chadni
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Deputy Minister of Education, Sports and Youth, Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth, Tirana, Albania
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198
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Chadda KR, Ajijola OA, Vaseghi M, Shivkumar K, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. Ageing, the autonomic nervous system and arrhythmia: From brain to heart. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:40-50. [PMID: 30300712 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An ageing myocardium possesses significant electrophysiological alterations that predisposes the elderly patient to arrhythmic risk. Whilst these alterations are intrinsic to the cardiac myocytes, they are modulated by the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) and consequently, ageing of the cardiac ANS is fundamental to the development of arrhythmias. A systems-based approach that incorporates the influence of the cardiac ANS could lead to better mechanistic understanding of how arrhythmogenic triggers and substrates interact spatially and temporally to produce sustained arrhythmia and why its incidence increases with age. Despite the existence of physiological oscillations of ANS activity on the heart, pathological oscillations can lead to defective activation and recovery properties of the myocardium. Such changes can be attributable to the decrease in functionality and structural alterations to ANS specific receptors in the myocardium with age. These altered ANS adaptive responses can occur either as a normal ageing process or accelerated in the presence of specific cardiac pathologies, such as genetic mutations or neurodegenerative conditions. Targeted intervention that seek to manipulate the ageing ANS influence on the myocardium may prove to be an efficacious approach for the management of arrhythmia in the ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan R Chadda
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom; Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System/David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marmar Vaseghi
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System/David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System/David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher L-H Huang
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom; Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom.
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199
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Fu J, Lei Y, Sun J, Tang B. Platelet‑derived growth factor D promotes the angiogenic capacity of endothelial progenitor cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:125-132. [PMID: 30483778 PMCID: PMC6297765 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization and re-endothelialization rely on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, the recruitment and angiogenic roles of EPCs are subject to regulation through the vascular microenvironment, which remains largely unknown. Platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-D) is a new member of the PDGF family that binds the PDGFR-β homodimer. However, it remains unknown whether and how it affects the angiogenic capacity of EPCs and participates in tube-like formation. EPCs were derived from rat bone marrow cells, and the gain-of-function approach was used to study the effects of PDGF-D on the biological activities of EPCs. EPCs that stably express PDGF-D were generated by lentiviral-mediated transduction, and the expression levels were evaluated by western blotting and reverse transcription, followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The biological activities of EPCs evaluated in the present study included proliferation, adhesion, migration, tube formation and senescence. Furthermore, the downstream signaling of PDGF-D was explored by western blot analysis. The results revealed that the lentiviral-mediated expression of PDGF-D in the microenvironment promoted the migration, proliferation, adhesion and tube formation of EPCs. In addition, PDGF-D suppressed the senescence of EPCs. Mechanistically, PDGF-D induced the phosphorylation of several signaling molecules, including STAT3, AKT, ERK1/2, mTOR and GSK-3β, suggesting that PDGF-D enhanced the angiogenic function of EPCs through PDGF receptor-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. In conclusion, PDGF-D promotes the angiogenic capacity of EPCs, including proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation, and thereby contributes to angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Haolong Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yikuan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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200
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Panda SS, Girgis AS, Prakash A, Khanna L, Khanna P, Shalaby EM, Fawzy NG, Jain SC. Protective effects of Aporosa octandra bark extract against D-galactose induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in mice. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00951. [PMID: 30761365 PMCID: PMC6286303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aporosa octandra (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Vickery is a native species of India. Different parts of the plant are used for the medicinal purpose by the tribal peoples of south-eastern part of India. However, the biological properties of A. octandra have not been studied well. The extracts obtained from the bark of A. octandra were evaluated to determine their protective effect on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in mice induced by D-galactose using the standard protocol. Different dosages of extract AOE-4 (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered to mice, which were previously treated for six weeks with D-galactose (100 mg/kg s.c.). The D-galactose-induced mice showed significantly impaired cognitive behavior, i.e., oxidative defense, compared to the sham group. Six weeks of treatment with A. octandra extract AOE-4 (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) considerably improved the cognitive behavior and oxidative impairment of mice compared to the control alone (D-galactose). For the phytochemical investigation, the bark of A. octandra was successively extracted with dichloromethane and methanol. The chemical constituents of A. octandra were isolated by multiple column chromatography and characterized by different spectral analyses. (R)-Coclaurine (AO-5), an alkaloid, was isolated along with two other compounds from the AOE-4 extract; three more compounds were also isolated from the AOE-1 extract of the bark of A. octandra. All the compounds were isolated for the first time from the bark of A. octandra, and their structures were established by detailed spectral studies. The structure of compound AO-5 was also investigated and confirmed by X-ray diffraction and DFT studies. This study highlights the protective effect of A. octandra bark extract against D-galactose-induced biochemically dysfunction in mice. (R)-Coclaurine (AO-5) was isolated as one of the major components of A. octandra bark from AOE-4 extract; this compound could be further evaluated for the development of new potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Adel S Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Atish Prakash
- Division of Pediatric CNS Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leena Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.,Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16 C, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Pankaj Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.,Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - ElSayed M Shalaby
- X-Ray Crystallography. Lab., Physics Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Nehmedo G Fawzy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Subhash C Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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