151
|
Wesselink AK, Fruh V, Hauser R, Weuve J, Taylor KW, Orta OR, Claus Henn B, Bethea TN, McClean MD, Williams PL, Calafat AM, Baird DD, Wise LA. Correlates of urinary concentrations of phthalate and phthalate alternative metabolites among reproductive-aged Black women from Detroit, Michigan. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:461-475. [PMID: 32980856 PMCID: PMC7994206 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are widely present in consumer products. In the United States, Black women are more highly exposed to phthalates than other racial/ethnic groups, yet information on predictors of phthalate exposure among Black women is limited. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association of demographics, lifestyle, reproductive history, and personal care product use with urinary concentrations of phthalate and phthalate alternative metabolites, using cross-sectional data from a study of 754 Black women from Detroit, Michigan (2010-2012). METHODS Women completed questionnaires and provided urine specimens which were analyzed for 16 phthalate and phthalate alternative metabolites. We used linear regression models to estimate mean percentage differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in concentrations across levels of correlates. RESULTS Monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and MBP concentrations were positively associated with personal care product use, particularly nail products. Educational attainment was positively associated with high molecular weight phthalate concentrations but inversely associated with monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations. Parity was positively associated with MBzP concentrations and inversely associated with concentrations of MEP and high molecular weight phthalates. SIGNIFICANCE We found that sociodemographics, reproductive characteristics, and use of certain personal care products were associated with urinary phthalate concentrations among Black women. Our results emphasize the importance of examining exposure determinants among multiply marginalized populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyla W Taylor
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Olivia R Orta
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Trim A, Hankinson SE, Liu S, Shadyab AH, Meliker J, Bao W, Luo J, Liu B, Manson JE, Tinker L, Bigelow C, Reeves KW. Biomarkers of phthalates and inflammation: Findings from a subgroup of Women's Health Initiative participants. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113743. [PMID: 33813346 PMCID: PMC8096686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent experimental work has shown that phthalates may increase inflammation. Prior research has not examined the role of exposure to phthalates in relation to inflammatory status among postmenopausal women who are at higher risk of developing inflammation-related chronic disorders. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations with circulating levels of c-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin-6 [IL-6] among 443 postmenopausal women selected into a breast cancer case-control study nested within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). METHODS A total of 13 phthalate metabolites were measured in urine samples provided at WHI enrollment from 1993 to 1998. We also measured baseline levels of CRP and IL-6 in these women's serum or plasma samples. Multivariable linear models were used to investigate the role of each phthalate biomarker in relation to CRP and IL-6, adjusting for potential confounding factors and specifically evaluating the role of BMI. RESULTS In adjusted models we observed positive associations of monocarboxynonyl phthalate (MCNP) with CRP (β = 0.092; 95% CI 0.026, 0.158) and IL-6 (β = 0.108; 95% CI 0.013, 0.204). These positive associations were attenuated and non-significant, however, after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI). In contrast, we observed inverse associations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (β = -0.019; 95% CI -0.036, -0.001) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) (β = -0.034; 95% CI -0.058, -0.010) with CRP levels only after adjustment for BMI. Other phthalate biomarkers examined were not significantly associated with either CRP or IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results do not suggest an important role for phthalates in promoting an inflammatory response. Future prospective studies are warranted to improve understanding of these associations, particularly in clarifying the role of BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avery Trim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine and Surgery, Brown University, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health; University of California San Diego School of Medicine; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaymie Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Katherine W Reeves
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Allotey JA, Boyle M, Sapkota A, Zhu L, Peng RD, Garza MA, Quirós-Alcalá L. Determinants of phthalate exposure among a U.S.-based group of Latino workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113739. [PMID: 33836349 PMCID: PMC8096699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are endocrine disrupting compounds linked to various adverse health effects. U.S. national biomonitoring data indicate that select minority subgroups may suffer disparate exposures to phthalates. Still, exposures and their respective determinants among these subgroups are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine determinants of phthalate exposure in a subsample of US-based Latino adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 94 Latino immigrant adults in Maryland. Participants were >18 years of age and working in a service-based industry. We administered an interviewer-administered questionnaire to capture information on potential exposure determinants (e.g., demographic characteristics, consumer product use, and workplace exposures and behaviors) and using HPLC/MS-MS we quantified concentrations of 9 urinary phthalate metabolites: monoethyl phthalate (MEP, diethyl phthalate metabolite); mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP, di-n-butyl phthalate metabolite); mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP, di-isobutyl phthalate metabolite; monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP, benzylbutyl phthalate metabolite); molar sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate or DEHP metabolites [mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECCP)]; and mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP, a non-specific metabolite of several phthalates including di-n-butyl phthalate and di-n-octyl phthalate). DEHP was analyzed as the molar sum of four metabolites (ΣDEHP = MEHP + MEHHP + MECPP + MEOHP). Spearman correlations, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to assess bivariate associations between metabolite concentrations and potential exposure determinants. Covariates associated with metabolites at p < 0.10 in bivariate analyses were included in multivariable linear regression models to assess the independent effects of predictors on metabolite concentrations. RESULTS Uncorrected median phthalate metabolite concentrations were lower in our study population (50% of samples ranged between 1.4 and 23.6 μg/L. While we observed some significant associations with select predictors in our bivariate analysis, select associations were attenuated in multivariable regression models. In our final multivariable linear regression models, we found that use of bleach (β = 1.15, 95%CI:0.30, 2.00) and consumption pasta/rice/noodles (β = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.27, 1.46) was positively associated with MBzP concentrations. MEP concentrations were inversely associated with use of furniture polish (β = -1.17, 95%CI: 2.21, -0.12) and use of scented dryer sheets (β = -1.08, 95%CI: 2.01, -0.14). Lastly, ΣDEHP concentrations were inversely associated with use of degreaser (ßDEHP = -0.65, 95%CI: 1.25, -0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this predominantly U.S.-based Central American subsample of adults, we observed lower metabolite concentrations than those previously reported in other U.S. studies and other countries. Our findings could be due, in part, to temporal trends in phthalate exposures and cultural differences related to exposure-related behaviors. While some exposure determinants were identified in our bivariate analyses, results from multivariable regression models did not provide clear results as many associations were attenuated. Environmental exposures may vary within minority subgroups and should be explored further in future studies to further inform exposure mitigation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Allotey
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meleah Boyle
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Roger D Peng
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary A Garza
- California State University, Fresno, College of Health and Human Services, Department of Public Health, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA; Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Dziobak MK, Wells RS, Pisarski EC, Wirth EF, Hart LB. Demographic Assessment of Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) and Monoethyl Phthalate (MEP) Concentrations in Common Bottlenose Dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus) From Sarasota Bay, FL, USA. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2020GH000348. [PMID: 34036207 PMCID: PMC8137278 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have previously demonstrated exposure to phthalate esters. Phthalates and phthalate esters are commonly added to consumer goods to enhance desirable properties. As the amount of plastic marine debris increases, these chemicals can easily leach from these products into the surrounding environment. To evaluate demographic variability in exposure, eight phthalate metabolites were quantified in urine samples collected from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins sampled in Sarasota Bay, FL, USA (2010-2019; n = 51). Approximately 75% of individual dolphins had detectable concentrations of at least one phthalate metabolite. The most frequently detected metabolites were mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP; n = 28; GM = 4.57 ng/mL; 95% CI = 2.37-8.80; KM mean = 7.95; s.d. = 15.88) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP; GM = 4.51 ng/mL; 95% CI = 2.77-7.34; ROS mean = 2.24; s.d. = 5.58). Urinary concentrations of MEHP and MEP were not significantly different between sex (MEHP p = 0.09; MEP p = 0.22) or age class (i.e., calf/juvenile vs. adult; MEHP p = 0.67; MEP p = 0.13). Additionally, there were no significant group differences in the likelihood of MEHP or MEP detection for any demographic as determined by a Peto-Peto test. Frequency of detection was similar for both metabolites between males and females (MEHP p = 0.10; MEP p = 0.40) as well as between juveniles and adults (MEHP p = 0.50; MEP: p = 0.60). These findings suggest ubiquitous exposure risk for both sexes and age classes, warranting further investigation into potential sources and health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Dziobak
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies Graduate ProgramCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSCUSA
| | - R. S. Wells
- Chicago Zoological Society’s Sarasota Dolphin Research Programc/o Mote Marine LaboratorySarasotaFLUSA
| | - E. C. Pisarski
- CSS Inc., (Under Contract to NOAA/NOS/NCCOS)CharlestonSCUSA
| | - E. F. Wirth
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Ocean ServiceNational Centers for Coastal Ocean ScienceCharlestonSCUSA
| | - L. B. Hart
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSCUSA
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Timing of Menarche and Growth and Adiposity into Adulthood: A Twenty-Years Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094725. [PMID: 33946657 PMCID: PMC8125681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties and potentially obesogenic effects. We hypothesised that antenatal phthalate exposure may influence growth and adiposity patterns in girls through childhood into adolescence. Among 1342 Raine Study singleton females, 462 had maternal serum and at least one outcome available up to 20 years of age. Individuals’ maternal serum collected at 18 and 34 weeks gestation was pooled and analyzed for concentrations of 32 metabolites of 15 phthalate diesters. Cox regression and linear models were used to determine associations between maternal phthalate levels and age at menarche, change in height and weight z-scores between birth and two years, height from birth to 20 years, BMI from two to 20 years, deviation from mid-parental height at age 20 and DEXA scan measures at age 20. Weak negative associations were detected with some phthalate metabolites and change in height and weight z-score during infancy. Weak positive associations between some of the high molecular weight phthalate metabolites and height z-score were detected during childhood. While still within the normal range, age at menarche was slightly delayed in girls with higher prenatal exposure to the higher molecular weight phthalate metabolites. We derived some associations between prenatal phthalate exposure with early growth patterns and age at menarche.
Collapse
|
156
|
Association of phthalate exposure and endogenous hormones with self-reported sleep disruptions: results from the Midlife Women's Health Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:1251-1264. [PMID: 33110041 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol (E2) have been associated with sleep in midlife women, however, few studies have examined the association of other hormones or environmental chemical exposure such as phthalates, with self-reported sleep quality. We assessed the relationship of self-reported sleep with hormones and phthalates. METHODS In total, 762 women (aged 45-54 y, 459 premenopausal, and 303 perimenopausal) from the Midlife Women's Health Study answered self-reported questions regarding the frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. Serum E2, progesterone, testosterone, serum hormone binding globulin, free E2 index, free testosterone index, E2:progesterone, and E2:testosterone were measured. Summary measures of phthalate mixtures, including the phthalates from plastic sources (sumPLASTIC), personal care products (sumPCP), di-(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate (sumDEHP), anti-androgenic phthalates (sumAA), and all phthalate metabolites measured (sumALL), were calculated from urinary phthalate metabolites. Ordinal logistic regression was used to fit each outcome sleep measure with all hormones and summary phthalates. RESULTS Progesterone and testosterone were significantly negatively associated with the frequency of sleep disturbances and insomnia. Free testosterone index was also negatively associated with insomnia frequency. E2:progesterone was positively associated with frequency of sleep disturbances and restless sleep in self-reported nonsmokers. SumPCP and sumALL were significantly negatively associated with frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. SumDEHP and sumPLASTIC were negatively associated with insomnia frequency. Further, the direction of association between phthalates and sleep appears to be dependent on the quartile of phthalate exposure. All significant associations between phthalates and sleep were in self-reported nonsmokers or former smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports previous literature that hormones beyond follicle-stimulating hormone and E2 are associated with sleep disruptions in menopause. Further, we are among the first to show that phthalate exposure is associated with sleep disruptions in midlife women.
Collapse
|
157
|
Ovarian Toxicity and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Phthalates and Their Metabolites. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:236-249. [PMID: 33877540 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovary plays an important role in the female reproductive system. The maintenance and regulation of ovarian function are affected by various physical and chemical factors. With the development of industrialization, environmental pollutants have caused great harm to public health. Phthalates, as a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are synthesized and used in large quantities as plasticizers due to their chemical properties. They are easily released into environment because of their noncovalent interactions with substances, causing human exposure and possibly impairing ovary. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the role of epigenetics in the occurrence and development of diseases. And it is urgent to study the role of methylation, gene imprinting, miRNA, and other epigenetic mechanisms in reproductive toxicology.
Collapse
|
158
|
Wang WR, Chen NT, Hsu NY, Kuo IY, Chang HW, Wang JY, Su HJ. Associations among phthalate exposure, DNA methylation of TSLP, and childhood allergy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:76. [PMID: 33836808 PMCID: PMC8035749 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expressions is linked to asthma and allergic disease. Exposure to phthalate esters, a widely used plasticizer, is associated with respiratory and allergic morbidity. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) causes TSLP upregulation in the skin. In addition, phthalate exposure is associated with changes in environmentally induced DNA methylation, which might cause phenotypic heterogeneity. This study examined the DNA methylation of the TSLP gene to determine the potential mechanism between phthalate exposure and allergic diseases. RESULTS Among all evaluated, only benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) in the settled dusts were negatively correlated with the methylation levels of TSLP and positively associated with children's respiratory symptoms. The results revealed that every unit increase in BBzP concentration in the settled dust was associated with a 1.75% decrease in the methylation level on upstream 775 bp from the transcription start site (TSS) of TSLP (β = - 1.75, p = 0.015) after adjustment for child's sex, age, BMI, parents' smoking status, allergic history, and education levels, PM2.5, formaldehyde, temperature; and relative humidity. Moreover, every percentage increase in the methylation level was associated with a 20% decrease in the risk of morning respiratory symptoms in the children (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to BBzP in settled dust might increase children's respiratory symptoms in the morning through decreasing TSLP methylation. Therefore, the exposure to BBzP should be reduced especially for the children already having allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ru Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Cheng-Hsing Campus, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yun Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Cheng-Hsing Campus, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wen Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Cheng-Hsing Campus, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Jen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Cheng-Hsing Campus, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Fan J, Cai S, Mi S, Chen H, Chen D, Fan C, Sun L, Li Y. Association of urinary phthalate metabolites with osteoarthritis in American adults: Results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2014. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128807. [PMID: 33131731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates have extensive existence in the living environment of human, probably tightly associated with multiple human diseases. The present study aimed to exploratorily investigate the association of urinary phthalate metabolites with osteoarthritis (OA) in American adults by exploiting the data extracted from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014 with levels of eleven urinary phthalate metabolites as exposure. The multivariable logistic regression models were performed after controlling for urinary creatinine, age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, smoking, body mass index, physical activity in recreational time, family poverty income ratio, diabetes, hypertension, as well as survey cycle. Compared with those in the lowest quantile, we observed higher prevalence of OA in the maximal quantile of MCOP (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.06-2.27) in adjusted model. A one-unit increase in log-transformed phthalate metabolites was significantly associated with higher OA prevalence, including MCOP (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.26) and MBzP (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00-1.26) in adjusted model. In subgroup analysis, the positive associations between phthalate metabolites and OA prevalence remained robust both in males and females. In brief, this study first presented positive evidence for the association of urinary level of phthalate metabolites with OA prevalence in American adults. Additional causal research is required to confirm the finding from our analysis and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms of phthalates exposure on OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofang Cai
- Department of Science and Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuai Mi
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhu Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingwan Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Bloom MS, Valachovic EL, Begum TF, Kucklick JR, Brock JW, Wenzel AG, Wineland RJ, Cruze L, Unal ER, Newman RB. Association between gestational phthalate exposure and newborn head circumference; impacts by race and sex. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110763. [PMID: 33516688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Observational and experimental studies report associations between gestational phthalate exposure and fetal development, yet few data exist to characterize phthalate effects on head circumference (HC) or to estimate the impact of race or sex. To address this data gap, we enrolled 152 African American and 158 white mothers with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies from the Charleston, South Carolina (USA) metropolitan area in a prospective birth cohort. Study participants provided up to two urine specimens during mid and late gestation, completed a study questionnaire, and allowed access to hospital birth records. We measured eight phthalate monoester metabolites using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and calculated molar sums of phthalate parent diesters. After specific gravity correction, we tested for associations between phthalates and neonatal HC (cm) and cephalization index (cm/g) using multiple informant linear regression with inverse probability weighting to account for selection bias between repeated urine sampling, adjusted for maternal race, age, body mass index, education, and smoking. We explored interactions by maternal race and infant sex. A doubling of urinary monoethyl phthalate (MEP) concentration was associated with a -0.49% (95%CI: -0.95%, -0.02%) smaller head circumference, although seven other phthalate metabolites were null. There were no statistically significant associations with cephalization index. HC was larger for whites than African American newborns (p < 0.0001) but similar for males and females (p = 0.16). We detected interactions for maternal race with urinary monobutyl phthalate (MBP; p = 0.03), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP; p = 0.01), monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP; p = 0.05), monomethyl phthalate (MMP; p = 0.02), and the sum of dibutyl phthalate metabolites (∑DBP; p = 0.05), in which reduced HC circumference associations were stronger among whites than African Americans, and interactions for sex with MBP (p = 0.08) and MiBP (p = 0.03), in which associations were stronger for females than males. Our results suggest that gestational phthalate exposure is associated with smaller neonatal HC and that white mothers and female newborns have greater susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Edward L Valachovic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Thoin F Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - John R Kucklick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John W Brock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - Abby G Wenzel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rebecca J Wineland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lori Cruze
- Department of Biology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Unal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Roger B Newman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Warner GR, Meling DD, De La Torre KM, Wang K, Flaws JA. Environmentally relevant mixtures of phthalates and phthalate metabolites differentially alter the cell cycle and apoptosis in mouse neonatal ovaries†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:806-817. [PMID: 33511402 PMCID: PMC8023422 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of chemicals used as additives in various consumer products, medical equipment, and personal care products. Phthalates and their metabolites are consistently detected in humans, indicating widespread and continuous exposure to multiple phthalates. Thus, environmentally relevant mixtures of phthalates and phthalate metabolites were investigated to determine the effects of phthalates on the function of the ovary during the neonatal period of development. Neonatal ovaries from CD-1 mice were cultured with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO; vehicle control), phthalate mixture (0.1-100 μg/mL), or phthalate metabolite mixture (0.1-100 μg/mL). The phthalate mixture was composed of 35% diethyl phthalate, 21% di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 15% dibutyl phthalate, 15% diisononyl phthalate, 8% diisobutyl phthalate, and 5% benzylbutyl phthalate. The phthalate metabolite mixture was composed of 37% monoethyl phthalate, 19% mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 15% monobutyl phthalate, 10% monoisononyl phthalate, 10% monoisobutyl phthalate, and 8% monobenzyl phthalate. After 96 h of culture, ovaries were harvested for histological analysis of folliculogenesis, gene expression analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis regulators, and immune staining for cell proliferation and apoptosis. The metabolite mixture significantly decreased the number and percentage of abnormal follicles (100 μg/mL) compared to controls. The metabolite mixture also significantly increased the expression of cell cycle inhibitors (100 μg/mL) and the antiapoptotic factor Bcl2l10 (10 μg/mL) compared to controls. The phthalate mixture did not significantly alter gene expression or follicle counts, but ovaries exposed to the phthalate mixture (0.1 μg/mL) exhibited marginally significantly increased apoptosis as revealed by DNA fragmentation staining. Overall, these data show that parent phthalates and phthalate metabolites differentially impact ovarian function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kathy M De La Torre
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Karen Wang
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Berman YE, Doherty DA, Main KM, Frederiksen H, Keelan JA, Newnham JP, Hart RJ. The influence of prenatal exposure to phthalates on subsequent male growth and body composition in adolescence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110313. [PMID: 33069699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals with predominantly anti-androgenic, and potentially obesogenic effects. We hypothesised that antenatal phthalate exposure may influence subsequent boy's growth and body composition through childhood and adolescence. Among 1399 singleton males from the Raine Study, 410 had maternal serum and at least one height, BMI or DEXA outcome available after birth and up to 20 years of age. Maternal serum collected at 18 and 34 weeks' gestation was pooled, and analyzed for concentrations of 32 metabolites of 15 phthalate diesters. Their serum concentrations were categorized into undetectable/detectable levels or tertiles. Linear mixed models were used to determine associations between maternal serum phthalate levels and longitudinal height and body mass index (BMI) z-scores in boys from birth to 20 years of age (n = 250 and n = 295 respectively). Linear regression was used to determine associations between maternal phthalate levels and deviation from mid-parental height (n = 177) and DEXA scan outcomes (n = 191) at the 20 year follow-up. Weak positive associations of participants height z-score increase were detected with exposure to some phthalate metabolites in particular to the lower molecular weight phthalate metabolites. Less consistent findings, by mixed model analyses, were detected for BMI and body composition, by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), with some positive associations of phthalate metabolites with BMI and some negative associations with DEXA fat tissue measures, although no consistent findings were evident. In conclusion, we derived some associations of childhood growth with prenatal phthalate exposure, particularly with respect to the lower molecular weight phthalate metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye'elah E Berman
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia
| | - Dorota A Doherty
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia, 6008
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia, 6008
| | - John P Newnham
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia, 6008
| | - Roger J Hart
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Cheng BJ, Xu PR, Wei R, Li XD, Sheng J, Wang SF, Liu KY, Chen GM, Tao FB, Wang QN, Yang LS. Levels and determinants of urinary phthalate metabolites in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144173. [PMID: 33360337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomonitoring studies have demonstrated extensive exposure of infants, children, and pregnant women to phthalates, but data on phthalate exposure and their determinants in Chinese older adults remain insufficient. This study aims to assess urinary phthalate metabolite levels, individual and cumulative exposure risk, and their determinants in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A total of 987 individuals aged 60 years or over were included in this study. The urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) of phthalates were calculated based on urinary metabolite levels. The associations between phthalate metabolite levels and potential determinants were examined using multiple linear regressions. RESULTS Detection rates of seven phthalate metabolites from the study population ranged from 63.83% to 99.39%. The highest median concentration was 43.64 μg/L (42.59 μg/g creatinine) for mono-butyl phthalate (MBP). The highest median EDI was 1.55 μg/kg-bw/day for diethyl phthalate (DBP). Nearly 5% of participants had high HI values exceeding 1, mainly attributed to DBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Furthermore, we found that females, higher body mass index (BMI), smoking, having two or more chronic diseases, and vegetable-based diets were significantly associated with higher levels of parts of phthalate metabolites. More interestingly, higher urine levels of high-molecular-weight (HMW) phthalate metabolites and lower urine levels of low-molecular-weight (LMW) phthalate metabolites were found in rural older adults than in urban older adults. CONCLUSIONS Chinese community-dwelling older adults are extensively exposed to phthalates, especially to DBP and DEHP. More attention should be paid to urban-rural differences in exposure to HMW and LMW phthalates and to phthalate exposure among older adults with overweight/obesity, females, and individuals who are current heavy smokers, have two or more chronic diseases, and consume vegetable-based diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Jing Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Pei-Ru Xu
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Outpatient Department of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiu-de Li
- Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui 237008, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Experimental Center for Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Su-Fang Wang
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Kai-Yong Liu
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gui-Mei Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- School of Public Health, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Lin-Sheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Green MP, Harvey AJ, Finger BJ, Tarulli GA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Impacts on human fertility and fecundity during the peri-conception period. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110694. [PMID: 33385395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly difficult to avoid exposure to man-made endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and environmental toxicants. This escalating yet constant exposure is postulated to partially explain the concurrent decline in human fertility that has occurred over the last 50 years. Controversy however remains as to whether associations exist, with conflicting findings commonly reported for all major EDC classes. The primary aim of this extensive work was to identify and review strong peer-reviewed evidence regarding the effects of environmentally-relevant EDC concentrations on adult male and female fertility during the critical periconception period on reproductive hormone concentrations, gamete and embryo characteristics, as well as the time to pregnancy in the general population. Secondly, to ascertain whether individuals or couples diagnosed as sub-fertile exhibit higher EDC or toxicant concentrations. Lastly, to highlight where little or no data exists that prevents strong associations being identified. From the greater than 1480 known EDCs, substantial evidence supports a negative association between exposure to phthalates, PCBs, PBDEs, pyrethroids, organochloride pesticides and male fertility and fecundity. Only moderate evidence exists for a negative association between BPA, PCBs, organochloride pesticides and female fertility and fecundity. Overall fewer studies were reported in women than men, with knowledge gaps generally evident for both sexes for all the major EDC classes, as well as a paucity of female fertility studies following exposure to parabens, triclosans, dioxins, PFAS, organophosphates and pyrethroids. Generally, sub-fertile individuals or couples exhibit higher EDC concentrations, endorsing a positive association between EDC exposure and sub-fertility. This review also discusses confounding and limiting factors that hamper our understanding of EDC exposures on fertility and fecundity. Finally, it highlights future research areas, as well as government, industry and social awareness strategies required to mitigate the negative effects of EDC and environmental toxicant exposure on human fertility and fecundity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bethany J Finger
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Li C, Zhao Y, Liu S, Yang D, Ma H, Zhu Z, Kang L, Lu S. Exposure of Chinese adult females to parabens from personal care products: Estimation of intake via dermal contact and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116043. [PMID: 33250291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are added into foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PCPs) as additives extensively due to their excellent antiseptic and antibacterial effects. In the past decade, parabens have raised great concerns on their potential harm to humans. Existing studies have suggested positive correlations between PCP application and urinary paraben concentrations in females, but little is known about paraben exposure levels and health risks arising from PCP use. In this study, 150 PCP samples covering eleven categories were collected from South China and measured for the concentrations of five parabens, including methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP), butyl paraben (BuP) and benzyl paraben (BeP). Parabens were widely detected in PCPs, with a detection frequency of 100%, 99.3%, 80.0%, 74.0% and 13.3%, for MeP, EtP, PrP, BuP and BeP, respectively. The median concentration of Σ5parabens was 126 μg/g with a range of 6.38-424 μg/g across all PCP samples. The contents of MeP, EtP and PrP measured in leave-on PCPs were obviously higher than those in the rinse-off ones (p < 0.05). MeP and PrP were the main paraben analogues, together accounting for 93.6% of Σ5parabens in all PCPs. The daily intakes of parabens through dermal absorption by Chinese adult females estimated by measurements obtained in the present study were 0.15 and 83.2 μg/kg-bw/day on basis of the application of rinse-off and leave-on PCPs, respectively. Among the eleven categories, sunscreen, body lotion and mask constituted the main exposure sources of parabens to females. The hazard quotients of parabens were far less than 1, indicating no considerable health risk for Chinese adult females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Kang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Zukin H, Eskenazi B, Holland N, Harley KG. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and maternal metabolic outcomes in a high-risk pregnant Latina population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110712. [PMID: 33460632 PMCID: PMC7946766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are a group of endocrine disrupting chemicals that are heavily used throughout industry in flexible plastic and personal-care products. As a result, detectable levels of their metabolites are readily found in humans. Some studies have shown associations of phthalates with diabetes, but associations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are less clear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of 11 prenatal urinary phthalate metabolites and development of GDM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), continuous plasma glucose level, and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in a population of pregnant Latina women (N = 415) enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort study. METHODS Phthalate metabolite levels were measured via mass spectrometry from two urine samples collected in the end of the first and second trimester. Maternal plasma glucose levels, prior diabetes diagnosis, GDM diagnosis, and weight gain were abstracted from medical records. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the association between the average of the two urinary phthalate metabolites levels and maternal metabolic outcomes. In our sensitivity analysis, phthalate levels were categorized by level (as quartiles of exposure) and by timing of urine sample collection (as taken in first and second half of pregnancy). RESULTS Consistent with findings from a nationally representative sample, all of the individual phthalate metabolites were detected in majority of mothers. Thirty-one mothers (7.5%) were diagnosed with GDM, 49 mothers (14.7%) displayed IGT, and 223 mothers (55.1%) gained an excessive amount of weight during their pregnancy. MEP concentrations were associated with an increased odds of excessive GWG (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.3). We did not find an association between any phthalate metabolite and any maternal glucose outcome. CONCLUSION Contrary to previous studies, our findings do not support an association of prenatal phthalate levels and increased odds for hyperglycemia, IGT, or GDM. But, we did find an increased odds of excessive GWG, a well-known risk factor for GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Zukin
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Callaghan MA, Alatorre-Hinojosa S, Connors LT, Singh RD, Thompson JA. Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:626448. [PMID: 33716730 PMCID: PMC7947604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.626448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, the production of plastics has increased 200-fold, reaching 360 million tonnes in 2019. Plasticizers, additives that modify the flexibility and rigidity of the product, are ingested as they migrate into food and beverages. Human exposure is continuous and widespread; between 75 and 97% of urine samples contain detectable levels of bisphenols and phthalates, the most common plasticizers. Concern over the toxicity of plasticizers arose in the late 1990s, largely focused around adverse developmental and reproductive effects. More recently, many studies have demonstrated that exposure to plasticizers increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the 2000s, many governments including Canada, the United States and European countries restricted the use of certain plasticizers in products targeted towards infants and children. Resultant consumer pressure motivated manufacturers to substitute plasticizers with analogues, which have been marketed as safe. However, data on the effects of these new substitutes are limited and data available to-date suggest that many exhibit similar properties to the chemicals they replaced. The adverse effects of plasticizers have largely been attributed to their endocrine disrupting properties, which modulate hormone signaling. Adipose tissue has been well-documented to be a target of the disrupting effects of both bisphenols and phthalates. Since adipose tissue function is a key determinant of cardiovascular health, adverse effects of plasticizers on adipocyte signaling and function may underlie their link to cardiovascular disease. Herein, we discuss the current evidence linking bisphenols and phthalates to obesity and CVD and consider how documented impacts of these plasticizers on adipocyte function may contribute to the development of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikyla A Callaghan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Liam T Connors
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Radha D Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Health Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Fruh V, Claus Henn B, Weuve J, Wesselink AK, Orta OR, Heeren T, Hauser R, Calafat AM, Williams PL, Baird DD, Wise LA. Incidence of uterine leiomyoma in relation to urinary concentrations of phthalate and phthalate alternative biomarkers: A prospective ultrasound study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106218. [PMID: 33360166 PMCID: PMC8630749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies suggest that some phthalates have adverse reproductive effects. However, literature on the association between phthalates and incidence of uterine leiomyomata (UL) is limited and inconsistent, with no existing prospective studies. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of urinary concentrations of phthalate and phthalate alternative biomarkers with UL incidence. METHODS We conducted a case-cohort analysis within a subgroup of 754 participants in the Study of the Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids (SELF), a prospective cohort of premenopausal Black women aged 23-35 years who were recruited during 2010-2012. We quantified fourteen phthalates and two phthalate alternative [1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH)] biomarkers in urine collected at baseline, 20 months, and 40 months. Transvaginal ultrasounds identified UL at baseline and every 20 months during 60 months of follow-up. We evaluated the individual biomarkers, molar sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [ΣDEHP] and potency-weighted sum of anti-androgenic [WΣAA] biomarkers. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between biomarkers and UL incidence. We then used quantile g-computation to examine joint associations of multiple phthalate biomarkers with UL incidence. RESULTS Most individual biomarkers showed weak-to-moderate inverse associations with UL incidence. HRs comparing highest vs. lowest quartiles of mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono-hydroxyisobutyl phthalate (MHiBP) concentrations were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.40, 1.01) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.96), respectively. Inverse associations for specific phthalates were stronger among women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. HRs comparing detectable vs. nondetectable concentrations of DINCH biomarkers were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.35) for cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid mono hydroxyisononyl ester (MHNCH) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.38, 1.18) for cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid mono carboxyisoocytl ester (MCOCH). For the DEHP metabolite of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), we observed weak-to-moderate positive associations. HRs comparing highest vs. lowest quartiles for MEHP and ΣDEHP were 1.29 (95% CI: 0.82, 2.06) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.50), respectively. In the mixtures analysis, the HR for a joint quartile increase in phthalate biomarker concentrations was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.08). DISCUSSION In this prospective ultrasound study of reproductive-aged Black women, urinary concentrations of phthalate and DINCH biomarkers were not appreciably associated with higher risk of UL, either individually or jointly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olivia R Orta
- Department of Epidemiology, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Paige L Williams
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 677 Huntington Avenue, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Donna D Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Patti MA, Newschaffer C, Eliot M, Hamra GB, Chen A, Croen LA, Fallin MD, Hertz-Picciotto I, Kalloo G, Khoury JC, Lanphear BP, Lyall K, Yolton K, Braun JM. Gestational Exposure to Phthalates and Social Responsiveness Scores in Children Using Quantile Regression: The EARLI and HOME Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1254. [PMID: 33573264 PMCID: PMC7908417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Linear regression is often used to estimate associations between chemical exposures and neurodevelopment at the mean of the outcome. However, the potential effect of chemicals may be greater among individuals at the 'tails' of outcome distributions. Here, we investigated distributional effects on the associations between gestational phthalate exposure and child Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-related behaviors using quantile regression. We harmonized data from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) (n = 140) Study, an enriched-risk cohort of mothers who had a child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (n = 276), a general population cohort. We measured concentrations of 9 phthalate metabolites in urine samples collected twice during pregnancy. Caregivers reported children's ASD-related behaviors using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at age 3-8 years; higher scores indicate more ASD-related behaviors. In EARLI, associations between phthalate concentrations and SRS scores were predominately inverse or null across SRS score quantiles. In HOME, positive associations of mono-n-butyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, mono-isobutyl phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate concentrations with SRS scores increased in strength from the median to 95th percentile of SRS scores. These results suggest associations between phthalate concentrations and SRS scores may be stronger in individuals with higher SRS scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A. Patti
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.E.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Craig Newschaffer
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.N.); (K.L.)
- College of Health & Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.E.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Ghassan B. Hamra
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA;
| | - M. Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | | | - Jane C. Khoury
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada;
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.E.); (J.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Park SY, Jeon JH, Jeong K, Chung HW, Lee H, Sung YA, Ye S, Ha EH. The Association of Ovarian Reserve with Exposure to Bisphenol A and Phthalate in Reproductive-aged Women. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e1. [PMID: 33429469 PMCID: PMC7801152 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that influence the hormonal and homeostatic systems is known to be associated with gynecologic health risks in many countries. In this study, we evaluated exposure to EDCs associated with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and gynecologic health risks. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed from September 2014 to November 2014 and included 307 Korean reproductive-aged women. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests with urine and blood sampling and pelvic ultrasound examinations were performed. RESULTS Urinary bisphenol A (BLA) level was significantly higher in the DOR group with anti-Müllerian hormone lower than 25 percentile (1.89 ± 2.17 ug/g and 1.58 ± 1.08 ug/g, P < 0.05). Urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate and mono-N-butyl phthalate, and substrates of phthalate were evaluated and no significant difference was observed between the DOR group and non-DOR group. Logistic regression analysis suggested an increase in infertility in high BPA exposure group and the odds ratio (OR, 4.248) was statistically significant after adjustment for age, birth control pills, and the age of menarche, parity, and waist circumference. High phthalate exposure was associated with endometrial polyp after adjustment (OR, 2.742). CONCLUSION BPA exposure might be associated with DOR and infertility. Meanwhile, endometrial polyp is increased in women with high phthalate exposure. Therefore, the risk of exposures to EDCs for reproduction should be a matter of concern in reproductive-aged women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Yun Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Jeon
- Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungah Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hye Won Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Ah Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinhee Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Wu AH, Franke AA, Wilkens LR, Tseng C, Conroy SM, Li Y, Polfus LM, De Rouen M, Caberto C, Haiman C, Stram DO, Le Marchand L, Cheng I. Urinary phthalate exposures and risk of breast cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort study. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:44. [PMID: 33823904 PMCID: PMC8025373 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiologic evidence from observational studies on breast cancer risk and phthalates, endocrine disrupting chemicals, has been inconsistent. In the only previous study based on pre-diagnostic urinary phthalates and risk of breast cancer, results were null in mostly white women. METHODS We examined the association between pre-diagnostic urinary phthalates and breast cancer in a nested case-control study within the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study, presenting the first data from five major racial/ethnic groups in the USA. We measured 10 phthalate metabolites and phthalic acid, using a sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay on 1032 women with breast cancer (48 African Americans, 77 Latinos, 155 Native Hawaiians, 478 Japanese Americans, and 274 Whites) and 1030 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine risk with individual metabolites and ratios of primary (MEHP, mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate) to secondary (MEHHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl); MEOHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexy)) metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer. In addition, we investigated risk associations with high (∑HMWP) and low molecular weight (∑LMWP) phthalates, as well as total phthalates which included high and low molecular weight phthalates with phthalic acid (∑LMHMPA) or without phthalic acid in molar ratios (∑LMHMmolar) and adjusted for creatinine and potential confounders. RESULTS Among all women, breast cancer risk was higher for those in tertile 2 and tertile 3 of primary to secondary metabolites of DEHP (MEHP/(MEHHP + MEOHP)) in comparison to those in tertile 1; the respective odds ratios were 1.32 (95% CI 1.04-1.68) and 1.26 (95% CI 0.96-1.66) (Ptrend = 0.05). Risk among Native Hawaiian women increased with exposures to eight of ten individual phthalates and total phthalates (∑LMHMPA ORT3 vs T1 = 2.66, 95% CI 1.39-5.12, Ptrend = 0.001). In analysis by hormone receptor (HR) status, exposure above the median of ∑LMWP was associated with an increased risk of HR-positive breast cancer (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.60) while above the median exposure to phthalic acid was associated with an increased risk of HR-negative breast cancer (ORabove vs below median = 1.59, 95% CI 1.01-2.48). CONCLUSIONS Further investigations of suggestive associations of elevated breast cancer risk with higher ratios of primary to secondary metabolites of DEHP, and differences in risk patterns by race/ethnicity and HR status are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Wu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Adrian A. Franke
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Chiuchen Tseng
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Shannon M. Conroy
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Linda M. Polfus
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Mindy De Rouen
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Christian Caberto
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Martínez-Razo LD, Martínez-Ibarra A, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Cerbón M. The impact of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in placental development, function, and pathophysiology. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106228. [PMID: 33157377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a chemical widely distributed in the environment as is extensively used in the plastic industry. DEHP is considered an endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) and humans are inevitably and unintentionally exposed to this EDC through several sources including food, beverages, cosmetics, medical devices, among others. DEHP exposure has been associated and may be involved in the development of various pathologies; importantly, pregnant women are a particular risk group considering that endocrine alterations during gestation may impact fetal programming leading to the development of several chronic diseases in adulthood. Recent studies have indicated that exposure to DEHP and its metabolite Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) may impair placental development and function, which in turn would have a negative impact on fetal growth. Studies performed in several trophoblastic and placental models have shown the negative impact of DEHP and MEHP in key processes related to placental development such as implantation, differentiation, invasion and angiogenesis. In addition, many alterations in placental functions like hormone signaling, metabolism, transfer of nutrients, immunomodulation and oxidative stress response have been reported. Moreover, clinical-epidemiological evidence supports the association between DEHP exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes and pathologies. In this review, we aim to summarize for the first time current knowledge about the impact of DEHP and MEHP exposure on placental development and pathophysiology, as well as the mechanisms involved. We also remark the importance of exploring DEHP and MEHP effects in different trophoblast cell populations and discuss new perspectives regarding this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Martínez-Razo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Wu LJ, Teng XM, Yao YC, Liu C, Du YY, Deng TR, Yuan XQ, Zeng Q, Li YF, Guo N. Maternal preconception phthalate metabolite concentrations in follicular fluid and neonatal birth weight conceived by women undergoing in vitro fertilization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115584. [PMID: 33254621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates during gestation has been associated with decreased birth weight among offspring. However, the associations between preconception phthalate metabolites in follicular fluid (FF) and offspring birth weight among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the associations between preconception phthalate metabolite concentrations in FF and the birth weights of singletons and twins among women undergoing IVF. We recruited 147 female participants who gave birth to 90 singletons and 57 twin infants at the Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, between November and December 2016. Each participant was asked to complete a questionnaire at the time of recruitment and provide a FF sample on the day of oocyte retrieval. The FF concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Birth outcomes were abstracted from medical records. The associations between phthalate metabolites in FF and birth weights of the singleton and twin groups were evaluated using generalized linear models (GLMs). We found that birth weight in the twin group had negative dose-response associations with maternal preconception monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) in FF (both P for trends < 0.05) and that birth weight in the singleton group had positive dose-response associations with monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono(2-ethyl-5 hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) in FF (both P for trends < 0.05). These associations persisted when we modeled as continuous variables. In addition, we observed male-specific association between decreased twin birth weight and MEOHP and MBzP and a female-specific associations between increased singleton birth weight and MEP, MEHHP and the sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) (all P for interactions < 0.05). Preconception phthalate metabolites in maternal FF may affect the birth weights of both singleton and twin newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jing Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang-Cheng Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yao-Yao Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao-Ran Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Na Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Bastiaensen M, Malarvannan G, Gys C, Ait Bamai Y, Araki A, Covaci A. Between- and within-individual variability of urinary phthalate and alternative plasticizer metabolites in spot, morning void and 24-h pooled urine samples. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110248. [PMID: 32980307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to international regulations, commonly used phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are being replaced by other phthalates, such as di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), and di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and by alternative plasticizers (APs) with similar chemical characteristics, like di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), or di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA). Urinary concentrations of metabolites are frequently used in the exposure assessment of non-persistent chemicals and for biomonitoring purposes, the intra- and inter-day variability of the metabolites should be known. However, the short-term variability of AP and several phthalate biomarkers has not been investigated yet. In this study, we collected all spot samples from 10 healthy adults for 5 consecutive days and 24h pooled urine on one additional day to investigate the short-term variability of 22 biomarkers of phthalates and APs. Metabolites of DEP, DEHP, DiBP, DnBP, DBzP, DINP and DIDP were found in high detection frequencies, while metabolites of most APs were found in approximately 50% of the samples. The short-term reproducibility of metabolites with diet as primary source (DEHP, DINP, DIDP) was poor (intraclass correlation coefficient - ICC < 0.4), whereas biomarkers of DEP, DnBP, DiBP and BBzP showed good consistency, most likely due to more continuous sources resulting in less between-day variance. ICC values of AP metabolites were similar to those of DEHP, but more studies are required to confirm these findings. Overall, reproducibility improved considerably when values were corrected for urinary dilution and when only morning voids samples were considered. Levels in morning voids samples were consistent for 5 days and comparable to 24-h pooled urine for all metabolites except for OH-MEHTP, sum DINP and sum DIDP, which supports the use of morning voids in human biomonitoring studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Bastiaensen
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Celine Gys
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Wei B, O'Connor R, Goniewicz M, Hyland A. Association between Urinary Metabolite Levels of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Serum Sex Hormone Levels Measured in a Reference Sample of the US General Population. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2020; 12:905-916. [PMID: 33817408 PMCID: PMC8011613 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-020-00353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Use of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in consumer materials have led to widespread human exposure.Research is needed to examine the health effects attributable to the general population's exposure to OPFRs. Using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) (2013-2014), multiple regression analyses were performed to compare the adjusted geometric means (aGMs) of serum sex hormone by quartiles of urinary metabolites of OPFRs, including diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) and dibutyl phosphate(DBuP), in children (6 - 9 years old), adolescents (10 - 19 years old) and adults(≥ 20 years old), while accounting for potential confounding factors. The aGMs of sex hormone-binding globulin increased by 36% (95% CI: 6.1 - 56.7%) in female children (p = 0.03), 44% (95%CI: 16 - 63%) in female adolescents (p = 0.010), and 22% (95%CI: 3.51 - 37%) in female adults (p = 0.025), from the 1st to 4th quartiles of the levels of DPhP, BDCPP, DBUP, respectively. The aGMs of estradiol (EST) decreased by 64% and 77% from the 1st to 4th quartiles of the DBUP levels in female children (p = 0.015) and female adolescent (p = 0.020), respectively. The aGMs of EST increased by 31% (95%CI: 3.8 - 51%) from the 1st to 4th quartiles of the DBUP levels in female adults (p = 0.031). These findings suggest that exposure to certain OPFRs is associated with the altered sex hormone levels in this sample of US population. More studies are needed to examine the mechanisms responsible for these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binnian Wei
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Richard O'Connor
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Maciej Goniewicz
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Li N, Papandonatos GD, Calafat AM, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Braun JM. Gestational and childhood exposure to phthalates and child behavior. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106036. [PMID: 32798801 PMCID: PMC7572811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life phthalate exposures may adversely influence neurodevelopment by disrupting thyroid hormone homeostasis, altering brain lipid metabolism, or reducing gonadal hormone concentrations. Previous literature examining gestational phthalate exposure and child behavior were inconclusive and few prospective studies have examined childhood phthalate exposure, particularly phthalate mixtures. We investigated whether gestational and childhood phthalate exposures were associated with child behavior. METHODS We used data from 314 mother-child pairs in the HOME Study, a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort that enrolled pregnant women from Cincinnati, Ohio. We quantified urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites in samples collected twice during gestation from women and six times from their children when they were ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years. We assessed children's behavior at ages 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2. Using linear mixed models, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of measurement-error-corrected gestational and childhood phthalate metabolite concentrations (per interquartile range increase) with repeated child behavior assessments. We used Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression to estimate the association of phthalate mixtures with child behavior. RESULTS Gestational mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) concentrations were associated with more problem behaviors (internalizing: β = 0.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.1, 1.9; externalizing: β = 1.0, 95%CI = -0.1, 2.0; behavioral symptoms index [BSI]: β = 1.1, 95%CI = 0.1, 2.1). Higher childhood monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) (β = 1.4; 95%CI = 0.0, 2.7), monocarboxynonyl phthalate (MCNP) (β = 3.2; 95%CI = 1.6, 4.8), monocarboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) (β = 0.9; 95%CI = 0.0, 1.7), MCPP (β = 1.8; 95%CI = 0.2, 3.5), and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (β = 1.6; 95%CI = 0.1, 3.1) concentrations were associated with higher BSI composite scores. Consistent with this, the weighted childhood phthalate index was associated with more problem behaviors (internalizing: β = 1.5, 95%CI = -0.2, 3.1; externalizing: β = 1.7, 95%CI = 0.1, 3.5; BSI: β = 1.7, 95%CI = 0.2, 3.2); MBzP, MCNP, and MEP largely contributed to these associations. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that childhood exposure to phthalate mixtures may be associated with children's problem behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - George D Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Zhao L, Li X, Yang Q, Zhuang D, Pan X, Li L. Adsorption kinetics and mechanism of di- n-butyl phthalate by Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6153-6163. [PMID: 33282266 PMCID: PMC7684587 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) poses a risk to humans as a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. A strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides DM12 was chosen from lactic acid bacteria strains to study the DBP binding mechanisms. Adsorption of DBP by strain DM12 reached the highest binding rate of 87% after 11 hr of incubation, which could be explained by pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm coincided with the model of Langmuir-Freundlich, indicating physical and chemical adsorption processes involved. Further, NaIO4 and TCA treatments were used to analyze the DBP binding mechanism of strain DM12, which indicated that peptidoglycan on the bacterial cell wall was involved in the process. The O-H, C-O, and N-H bonds were possibly involved in the binding process as the main functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan ProvinceChina
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and TechnologyHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xinlei Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan ProvinceChina
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and TechnologyHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Di Zhuang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Xin Pan
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Lubo Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan ProvinceChina
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Rumbeiha WK, Gilbreath E, Alexander D, Correia AP, Foertsch J, Danielson J, Kim D, Inyang I. Lessons Learned from ToxMSDT: A Pilot Innovative Toxicology Research Education Pipeline Program Targeting Underrepresented Undergraduate Students to the Field of Toxicology. UI JOURNAL 2020; 11:17909. [PMID: 34337620 PMCID: PMC8323857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxicology, as a profession, lacks diversity. Undergraduate students, and especially underrepresented students, are not commonly introduced to toxicology at US colleges and universities. The Toxicology Mentoring and Skills Development Training Program (ToxMSDT) seeks to acquaint underrepresented undergraduates enrolled in STEM fields with toxicology fundamentals and skills to aid their entry into graduate programs and, ultimately, careers in toxicology. ToxMSDT is a collaboration among three universities. It is a year-long holistic training and mentoring program comprised of web resources accessible 24/7 and extensive one-to-one mentor-mentee interactions throughout the year. Evaluation of the two-year pilot program shows that students expressed a significant increase in knowledge about toxicology careers, networking with people involved in the field of toxicology, feelings of being part of the toxicology community, and seeing themselves as someone who will study toxicology, compared with their feelings prior to their participation in the ToxMSDT program. Thirty students have completed the ToxMSDT program and all 10 (100%) of those who have graduated have joined graduate school in toxicology or toxicology-related STEM fields. Of the 20 (66.6%) program alumni still enrolled as undergraduates, five (25%) are in the process of applying to graduate programs and medical schools as of August 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K Rumbeiha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Ebony Gilbreath
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088
| | - Deloris Alexander
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088
| | - Ana-Paula Correia
- Department of Educational Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Jared Danielson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Dongsuk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Imaobong Inyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Wei B, O’Connor RJ, Goniewicz ML, Hyland A. Emerging Chemicals of Health Concern in Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2637-2646. [PMID: 32880169 PMCID: PMC7582622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), by virtue of their highly engineered construction (plastics, glass, e-liquids), may contain a number of emerging chemicals of concern (ECCs), including phthalates, phenolic compounds, and flame retardants. Current knowledge regarding the safety of ENDS may underestimate the health risks from ECCs. In this study, we examined the types and levels of those three groups of chemicals in the components and parts of ENDS devices, including refill liquids, tanks/cartridges, atomizers, drip tips/mouthpieces, and sealing materials. Our results suggest that phthalates were the most prevalent chemicals in all tested samples, followed by parabens and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). Particularly, all measured chemicals had significantly higher detection rates in cartridges/tanks, drip tips/mouthpieces, and sealing materials in contrast to e-liquids and coil samples. Among all those three types of ENDS components, phthalates generally had the highest concentrations (0.279-3790 ng/unit) in the drip tip/mouthpiece samples, followed by the sealing materials (0.380-508.8 ng/unit) and the empty tank/cartridge samples (up to 761.7 ng/unit). For parabens, highest concentrations were observed in drip tip/mouthpiece samples (1.152-130.1 ng/unit), followed by sealing materials (0.220-30.08 ng/unit) and the tank/cartridge samples (1.794-34.24 ng/unit). For OPFRs, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate had the highest concentrations (39.40-774.1 ng/unit) in all component samples. High concentrations (20.25-260.4 ng/unit) were also observed for several OPFRs in sealing materials and drip tip/mouthpiece samples. These findings will contribute to addressing the information gaps pertinent to the presence of ECCs in ENDS and will warrant further studies for understanding the potential negative health effects and to what extent those chemicals may cause potential negative health effects when using the ENDS. The findings will also contribute to developing evidence-based standards for the regulatory control of the types and levels of ECCs in ENDS products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binnian Wei
- Division
of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Richard J. O’Connor
- Division
of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Maciej Lukasz Goniewicz
- Division
of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Division
of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Assessment of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) exposure to nail salon workers by air, hand wipe, and urine analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 231:113630. [PMID: 33035739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP or TPhP) is commonly used as an additive plasticizer or organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) in consumer products including nail polish. We evaluated exposure to TPhP from 12 nail salon technicians working at four nail salons located in California over a period of two work days. Bulk samples of 15 nail polishes and other nail products were collected. Study participants also provided two personal air samples, two hand wipe samples (pre- and post-shift on day two), and two urine samples (pre-shift day one and post-shift day two). The geometric mean (GM) of TPhP air sampling concentrations was 7.39 ng/m3. Post-shift TPhP hand wipe concentrations (GM 1.35 μg/sample) were significantly higher (p = 0.024) than pre-shift hand wipe concentrations (GM 0.29 μg/sample). Diphenyl phosphate (DPP or DPhP), a urinary metabolite of TPhP used in this study as a biomarker of exposure, was detected in all post-shift urine samples and 75% of urine pre-shift samples. DPhP post-shift concentrations (GM 1.35 μg/g creatinine) were significantly higher than pre-shift concentrations (GM 0.84 μg/g creatinine; p = 0.012). In addition, DPhP post-shift concentrations were correlated with TPhP post-shift hand wipe concentrations, suggesting dermal contact may be a relevant exposure pathway for nail salon workers.
Collapse
|
181
|
Adgent MA, Carroll KN, Hazlehurst MF, Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, Karr CJ, Barrett ES, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Tylavsky FA, Kannan K, Sathyanarayana S. A combined cohort analysis of prenatal exposure to phthalate mixtures and childhood asthma. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105970. [PMID: 32763629 PMCID: PMC7708520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood asthma are inconsistent. These studies typically model phthalates as individual, rather than co-occurring, exposures. We investigated whether prenatal phthalates are associated with childhood wheeze and asthma using a mixtures approach. METHODS We studied dyads from two prenatal cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS consortium: CANDLE, recruited 2006-2011 and TIDES, recruited 2011-2013. Parents reported child respiratory outcomes at age 4-6 years: ever asthma, current wheeze (symptoms in past 12 months) and current asthma (two affirmative responses from ever asthma, recent asthma-specific medication use, and/or current wheeze). We quantified 11 phthalate metabolites in third trimester urine and estimated associations with child respiratory outcomes using weighted quantile sum (WQS) logistic regression, using separate models to estimate protective and adverse associations, adjusting for covariates. We examined effect modification by child sex and maternal asthma. RESULTS Of 1481 women, most identified as White (46.6%) or Black (44.6%); 17% reported an asthma history. Prevalence of ever asthma, current wheeze and current asthma in children was 12.3%, 15.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Overall, there was no adverse association with respiratory outcomes. In sex-stratified analyses, boys' phthalate index was adversely associated with all outcomes (e.g., boys' ever asthma: adjusted odds ratio per one quintile increase in WQS phthalate index (AOR): 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.85, with mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) weighted highest). Adverse associations were also observed in dyads without maternal asthma history, driven by MEP and mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), but not in those with maternal asthma history. We observed protective associations between the phthalate index and respiratory outcomes in analysis of all participants (e.g., ever asthma: AOR; 95% CI: 0.81; 0.68, 0.96), with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites weighted highest. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest effect modification by child sex and maternal asthma in associations between prenatal phthalate mixtures and child asthma and wheeze.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Adgent
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville TN 37212, USA; Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Ave S, Suite 2600, Nashville TN 37212, USA.
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville TN 37212, USA
| | - Marnie F Hazlehurst
- Department of Epidemiology, Box 357236, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, Box 35732, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7232, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Box 356320, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6320, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 66 N. Pauline Street, Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Box 356320, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6320, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, 2001 8th Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Environmental Chemicals Altered in Association With Deployment for High Risk Areas. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61 Suppl 12:S15-S24. [PMID: 31800447 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A study was conducted using serum samples and high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to test for changes in abundance of environmental chemicals in deployment in high-risk areas (Balad, Iraq; Bagram, Afghanistan). METHODS Pre and Post-deployment serum samples for deployment (cases) and matched controls stationed domestically were analyzed by HRM and bioinformatics for the relative abundance of 271 environmental chemicals. RESULTS Of the 271 chemicals, 153 were measurable in at least 80% of the samples in one of the pre- or post-deployment groups. Several pesticides and other chemicals were modestly elevated post-deployment in the Control as well as the Bagram and Balad samples. Similarly, small decreases were seen for some chemicals. CONCLUSION These results using serum samples show that for the 271 environmental chemicals studied, 56% were detected and small differences occurred with deployment to high-risk areas.
Collapse
|
183
|
Liu C, Shui S, Yao Y, Sui C, Zhang H. Ascorbic acid ameliorates dysregulated folliculogenesis induced by mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in neonatal mouse ovaries via reducing ovarian oxidative stress. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1418-1424. [PMID: 32744352 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates, including di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), are common industrial chemicals in the environment. Recent evidence indicates that DEHP and its active metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) negatively modulate reproductive functions and induce reactive oxygen species. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a dietary requirement for primates, and it acts as a potent free radical scavenger to protect tissues against oxidative stress. In this study, to investigate the toxic effects of MEHP on the follicle development and the beneficial role of AA, neonatal mouse ovaries were treated with different concentrations of MEHP with or without AA for 6 days. Then, the follicle constitution and oxidative status were compared in different groups. Results showed MEHP accelerated primordial follicle recruitment by increasing the percentage of primary and secondary follicles and decreasing the percentage of primordial follicles in the ovaries. Moreover, MEHP-induced ovarian oxidative stress by significantly increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the expression of GSS and SOD1. When ovaries were co-administrated with MEHP and AA, follicle constitution was normalized, and the oxidative status was significantly decreased. These results suggested that AA ameliorated MEHP-induced ovarian oxidative stress and follicular dysregulation, which attested the clinical significance of AA for ovary protection in the case of MEHP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shike Shui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangcheng Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Sui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwang Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Seltenrich N. Beyond the Light under the Lamppost: New Chemical Candidates for Biomonitoring in Young Children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:84005. [PMID: 32866076 PMCID: PMC7458212 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
|
185
|
Darbre PD. Chemical components of plastics as endocrine disruptors: Overview and commentary. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1300-1307. [PMID: 32720473 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A and phthalate esters are used as additives in the manufacture of plastic materials, but their ability to leach out with age and heat has resulted in their becoming ubiquitous contaminants of the ecosystem including within human body tissues. Over recent years, these compounds have been shown to possess endocrine disrupting properties with an ability to interfere in the actions of many hormones and to contribute to human health problems. Much of the reported disruptive activity has been in relation to the action of estrogens, androgens, and thyroid hormones, and concerns have been raised for adverse consequences on female and male reproductive health, thyroid function, metabolic alterations, brain development/function, immune responses, and development of cancers in hormone-sensitive tissues. A recurring theme throughout seems to be that there are windows of susceptibility to exposure in utero and in early postnatal life, which may then result in disease in later life without any need for further exposure. This commentary highlights key issues in a historical context and raises questions regarding the many data gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa D Darbre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Ramadan M, Cooper B, Posnack NG. Bisphenols and phthalates: Plastic chemical exposures can contribute to adverse cardiovascular health outcomes. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1362-1385. [PMID: 32691967 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenols are high production volume chemicals that are used in the manufacturing of consumer and medical products. Given the ubiquity of bisphenol and phthalate chemicals in the environment, biomonitoring studies routinely detect these chemicals in 75-90% of the general population. Accumulating evidence suggests that such chemical exposures may influence human health outcomes, including cardiovascular health. These associations are particularly worrisome for sensitive populations, including fetal, infant and pediatric groups-with underdeveloped metabolic capabilities and developing organ systems. In the presented article, we aimed to review the literature on environmental and clinical exposures to bisphenols and phthalates, highlight experimental work that suggests that these chemicals may exert a negative influence on cardiovascular health, and emphasize areas of concern that relate to vulnerable pediatric groups. Gaps in our current knowledge are also discussed, so that future endeavors may resolve the relationship between chemical exposures and the impact on pediatric cardiovascular physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manelle Ramadan
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Blake Cooper
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Gingrich J, Ticiani E, Veiga-Lopez A. Placenta Disrupted: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Pregnancy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:508-524. [PMID: 32249015 PMCID: PMC7395962 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that can interfere with normal endocrine signals. Human exposure to EDCs is particularly concerning during vulnerable periods of life, such as pregnancy. However, often overlooked is the effect that EDCs may pose to the placenta. The abundance of hormone receptors makes the placenta highly sensitive to EDCs. We have reviewed the most recent advances in our understanding of EDC exposures on the development and function of the placenta such as steroidogenesis, spiral artery remodeling, drug-transporter expression, implantation and cellular invasion, fusion, and proliferation. EDCs reviewed include those ubiquitous in the environment with available human biomonitoring data. This review also identifies critical gaps in knowledge to drive future research in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Gingrich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Marcho C, Oluwayiose OA, Pilsner JR. The preconception environment and sperm epigenetics. Andrology 2020; 8:924-942. [PMID: 31901222 PMCID: PMC7346722 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a common reproductive disorder, with male factor infertility accounting for approximately half of all cases. Taking a paternal perceptive, recent research has shown that sperm epigenetics, such as changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin structure, and noncoding RNA expression, can impact reproductive and offspring health. Importantly, environmental conditions during the preconception period has been demonstrated to shape sperm epigenetics. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview on epigenetic modifications that regulate normal gene expression and epigenetic remodeling that occurs during spermatogenesis, and to discuss the epigenetic alterations that may occur to the paternal germline as a consequence of preconception environmental conditions and exposures. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined published literature available on databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect) focusing on adult male preconception environmental exposures and sperm epigenetics in epidemiologic studies and animal models. RESULTS The preconception period is a sensitive developmental window in which a variety of exposures such as toxicants, nutrition, drugs, stress, and exercise, affects sperm epigenetics. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Understanding the environmental legacy of the sperm epigenome during spermatogenesis will enhance our understanding of reproductive health and improve reproductive success and offspring well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Rana R, Joon S, Kumar Jain A, Kumar Mohanty N. A study on the effect of phthalate esters and their metabolites on idiopathic infertile males. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13720. [PMID: 32567059 DOI: 10.1111/and.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalate plasticisers in medical, cosmetic and consumer products might pose serious health implications in humans including infertility. We sought to investigate the correlation, if any, between the phthalates and their metabolites and sperm quality parameters, and male infertility. Phthalate esters (15) and their metabolites (5) were estimated in the blood serum and urine samples from the age-matched 152 infertile and 75 fertile males using gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, the data were analysed to correlate phthalate exposure and semen quality parameters in the infertility group. The estimated levels of DEHP, DBP, DIBP, BEHIP, BPBG, DPP, DIOP, DIHP, DMP, DINP, BIOP, DMOP and DICHP were significantly higher in the infertile males compared to the fertile males (p < .05 or p < .01). However, these were not found to be associated with the semen quality parameters (sperm count, motility and sperm morphology). Similarly, HPLC data revealed that the associations between semen parameters (sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology) and phthalate metabolite (MEHP and MBP) concentrations in urine samples from the infertile males were mostly unremarkable or statistically nonsignificant. Conclusively, environmental exposure to phthalates and their impacts on male infertility were statistically insignificant in our study groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Joon
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
190
|
Philips EM, Trasande L, Kahn LG, Gaillard R, Steegers EAP, Jaddoe VWV. Early pregnancy bisphenol and phthalate metabolite levels, maternal hemodynamics and gestational hypertensive disorders. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:365-373. [PMID: 30576447 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are early-pregnancy urinary bisphenol and phthalate metabolite concentrations associated with placental function markers, blood pressure (BP) trajectories during pregnancy and risk of gestational hypertensive disorders? SUMMARY ANSWER Early-pregnancy bisphenols and phthalate metabolites were not consistently associated with maternal BP changes or gestational hypertensive disorders, but subclinical, statistically significant associations with placental angiogenic markers and placental hemodynamics were identified. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In vitro studies suggest that bisphenols and phthalate metabolites may disrupt early placental development and affect the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Previous studies investigating effects of bisphenols and phthalate metabolites on gestational hypertensive disorders reported inconsistent results and did not examine placental function or BP throughout pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In a population-based prospective cohort study, bisphenol and phthalate metabolite concentrations were measured in a spot urine sample in early pregnancy among 1396 women whose children participated in postnatal follow-up measurements. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS After exclusion of women without any BP measurement or with pre-existing hypertension, 1233 women were included in the analysis. Urinary bisphenol and phthalate metabolite concentrations were measured in early-pregnancy [median gestational age 13.1 weeks, inter-quartile range 12.1-14.5]. Molar sums of total bisphenols and of low molecular weight phthalate, high molecular weight (HMW) phthalate, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, and di-n-octylphthalate metabolites were calculated. Placental angiogenic markers (placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt)-1), placental hemodynamic function measures (umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI), uterine artery resistance index (RI), notching and placental weight), and maternal BP were measured in different trimesters. Information on gestational hypertensive disorders was obtained from medical records. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Each log unit increase in HMW phthalate metabolites was associated with a 141.72 (95% CI: 29.13, 373.21) higher early pregnancy sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (range in total sample 9-900). This association was driven by mono-[(2-carboxymethyl)hexyl]phthalate. In the repeated measurements regression models, each log unit increase in bisphenol A was associated with a 0.15 SD (95% CI: 0.03, 0.26) higher intercept and -0.01 SD (95% CI: -0.01, -0.00) decreasing slope of the umbilical artery PI Z-score and a -1.28 SD (95% CI: -2.24, -0.33) lower intercept and 0.06 SD (95% CI: 0.02, 0.11) increasing slope of the uterine artery RI Z-score. These associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Early-pregnancy bisphenols or phthalate metabolites showed no consistent associations with any other outcome. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Information on a large number of potential confounders was available but was partly self-reported. Bisphenols and phthalate metabolites, which typically have a half-life of 24-48 h, were measured via single spot urine samples in early-pregnancy. In addition, at the current sample size, the study was powered to detect an odds ratio of 1.57 for gestational hypertension and 1.78 for pre-eclampsia, but was underpowered to perform multivariable analyses for these outcomes. Further studies combining data from different cohorts may be necessary to increase power. These limitations are possible sources of non-differential misclassification leading to bias toward the null. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Bisphenols and phthalate metabolites were not associated with longitudinal changes in BP in pregnancy in our low-risk population. The observed subclinical associations of phthalates with the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and of bisphenol A with placental hemodynamics may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our results are therefore more supportive of an association of early pregnancy bisphenols and phthalate metabolites with risk for pre-eclampsia than with gestational hypertension. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This analysis was supported by Grant (ES022972) from the National Institutes of Health, USA. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Philips
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.,New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York City, NY, USA.,New York University College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Souter I, Bellavia A, Williams PL, Korevaar TIM, Meeker JD, Braun JM, de Poortere RA, Broeren MA, Ford JB, Calafat AM, Chavarro JE, Hauser R, Mínguez-Alarcón L. Urinary Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolite Mixtures in Relation to Serum Biomarkers of Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity among Women from a Fertility Center. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:67007. [PMID: 32515996 PMCID: PMC7282564 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous epidemiological studies have explored associations of phthalate metabolites with thyroid function, no studies to date have assessed associations of mixtures with thyroid function and autoimmunity among potentially susceptible subgroups such as subfertile women. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore associations of mixtures of urinary phthalate metabolites with serum markers of thyroid function and autoimmunity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 558 women attending a fertility center who provided one spot urine and one blood sample at enrollment (2005-2015). We quantified urinary concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites using mass spectrometry, and biomarkers of thyroid function [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total thyroxine (fT4, TT4) and triiodothyronine (fT3, TT3), and autoimmunity [thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies (TPOAb and TgAb, respectively)] in serum using electrochemiluminescence assays. We applied principal component analysis (PCA) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to identify the main patterns of urinary phthalate metabolites. We used linear mixed models to assess the association between PCA-derived factor scores in quintiles and serum thyroid function and autoimmunity, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), specific gravity (SG), and, for the PCA, other factor scores. RESULTS We observed two factors using PCA, one representing the di(2-ethylhexyl) (DEHP) and another non-DEHP metabolites. Compared to women in the lowest quintile of the DEHP factor scores, women in the highest quintile had significantly lower serum concentrations of fT4, TT4, fT3, and TT3 [absolute difference: -0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.12, -0.01; p=0.04; absolute difference: -8.31; 95% CI: -13.8, -2.85; p=0.003; absolute difference: -0.37; 95% CI: 0.54, -0.19; p<0.0001; and absolute difference: -0.21; 95% CI: -0.32, -0.10; p=0.003, respectively]. Using BKMR, we observed that mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) was the primary contributor to these negative associations. DEHP and non-DEHP factor scores were not associated with serum TSH, TgAb, or TPOAb. CONCLUSIONS Mixtures of urinary DEHP metabolites were inversely associated with serum biomarkers of thyroid function but not with autoimmunity, which were within normal ranges for healthy adult women. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6740.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Souter
- Division of Reproductive Medicine and IVF, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Bellavia
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T I M Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ralph A de Poortere
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Maarten A Broeren
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Segal TR, Giudice LC. Before the beginning: environmental exposures and reproductive and obstetrical outcomes. Fertil Steril 2020; 112:613-621. [PMID: 31561863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing consensus that preconception exposure to environmental toxins can adversely affect fertility, pregnancy, and fetal development, which may persist into the neonatal and adult periods and potentially have multigenerational effects. Here we review current data on preconception and prenatal exposure to several chemicals, including heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pesticides, and air pollution, and their associated obstetrical and reproductive health effects. Reproductive endocrinologists and affiliated health care providers have a unique opportunity to counsel patients before they get pregnant to minimize exposure to hazardous chemicals with the goal to improve reproductive outcomes and assure a healthy lifestyle overall. We provide practical tools and some publicly available resources for reproductive health professionals to assess a patient's risks and ways to reduce chemical and air pollution exposures during the critical preconception and prenatal periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thalia R Segal
- Center for Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Center for Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Zhang X, Tang S, Qiu T, Hu X, Lu Y, Du P, Xie L, Yang Y, Zhao F, Zhu Y, Giesy JP. Investigation of phthalate metabolites in urine and daily phthalate intakes among three age groups in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114005. [PMID: 31995769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used as binders and plasticizers in industrial and consumer products but show diverse toxicity. We investigated the level of human exposure to phthalates in Beijing, one of the most densely populated cities in the world. In this study, 12 metabolites of phthalates were measured in 70 spot urine samples collected from Beijing residents from August 2017 to April 2018 using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found that metabolites of phthalates were ubiquitous in all urine samples. Total concentrations of phthalate metabolites ranged from 39.6 to 1931 ng mL-1, with median concentrations were in decreasing order of children (371 ng mL-1)> younger adults (332 ng mL-1)> older adults (276 ng mL-1). Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) was the predominant compound, and occurred at concentrations greater than those reported for people in other countries. The mean values of estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of ∑phthalate were 35.2, 10.3 and 10.9 ng (kg-bm)-1 d-1 for children, younger adults and older adults, respectively. EDIs of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exceeded reference values suggested by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the European Food Safety Authority. When concentrations were normalized to volume or creatinine-adjusted, hazard quotients (HQs) for 40 of 70 participants exhibited larger HQs >1 for individual phthalates, which was indicative of potential for adverse effects. Thus, exposure to phthalates might be a critical factor contributing to adverse health effects in Beijing residents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish a pre-baseline level of urinary phthalate metabolites among residents in Beijing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Song Tang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Qiu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Lu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Xie
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Biosciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Li N, Zhou L, Zhu J, Liu T, Ye L. Role of the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase signalling pathway in di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced ovarian dysfunction: An in vivo study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:134406. [PMID: 31927438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasticiser di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is associated with female reproductive endocrine toxicity. Our previous study found that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the metabolite of DEHP, can interfere with ovarian function via dysregulation of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in vitro. The aim of this study was to verify this hypothesis in vivo. The present study tested the hypothesis that subacute exposure to DEHP induced ovarian dysfunction by dysregulating 17β-HSD signalling. 48 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group. DEHP was intragastrically administrated at the dosage of 0, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/d (body weight) for 4 weeks. Rats were executed, and the detection of the pathological changes of ovaries, steroid hormone levels, steroid receptor expression, and steroidogenic enzyme expression in sex hormone synthesis pathway and the apoptosis of GCs were performed. This study showed that DEHP could prolong the estrous cycle, increase follicular atresia, inhibit sex hormone secretion, reduce the expression of steroidogenic enzymes, and promote GCs apoptosis associating with ovarian dysfunction. In conclusion, these results indicate that DEHP can disturb ovarian function through the 17β-HSD signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, HaiKou 570000, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Sears CG, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Chen A, Skarha J, Xu Y, Yolton K, Braun JM. Lowering Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations among Children by Reducing Contaminated Dust in Housing Units: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Observational Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4327-4335. [PMID: 32101426 PMCID: PMC7494216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dust in homes can contain phthalates that may adversely affect child development, but whether residential interventions and dust removal can prevent children's exposure to phthalates is unknown. We quantified the influence of a residential lead hazard intervention and dust control on children's urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. Between 2003 and 2006, The Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study randomized 355 pregnant women to receive an intervention to reduce either residential lead or injury hazards before delivery. We quantified eight urinary phthalate metabolites from 288 children at ages 1, 2, or 3 years (680 observations). During yearly home visits, we assessed dust accumulation in housing units. Children in the lead intervention group had 11-12% lower concentrations of the sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites, monocarboxyoctyl phthalate, and monocarboxynonyl phthalate compared to the injury intervention group. Monoethyl phthalate concentrations did not differ by group. In observational analyses, children living in housing units that appeared clean had 12-17% lower concentrations of these phthalate metabolites and monobenzyl phthalate, compared to children living in housing units with more dust accumulation. Features of this lead hazard intervention and measures to control dust may reduce children's exposure to phthalates found in building materials and household furnishings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara G. Sears
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julianne Skarha
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Wang JQ, Gao H, Sheng J, Tao XY, Huang K, Zhang YW, Mao LJ, Zhou SS, Jin ZX, Tao FB. Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites during gestation and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a population-based birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11714-11723. [PMID: 31975012 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, a class of widely used endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are toxic to various organ systems in animals and humans. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a reversible liver dysfunction causing cholestasis in late pregnancy. Evidence on the associations between exposure to phthalates and ICP is still lacking. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and the risk of ICP in a Chinese population-based birth cohort. Pregnant women participated in the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) study in China. Seven phthalate metabolites were detected in a urine sample in early pregnancy. Chemical concentrations were grouped by quartiles, and associations with outcomes were examined using logistic regression with adjustment for urine creatinine, race, education, poverty status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, twin pregnancy, and pregnancy-related liver complications. Of 3474 women recruited into the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort, 2760 met the inclusion criteria and contributed to further analysis and biomonitoring data. Elevated odds ratios (ORs) of ICP were observed in the highest quartiles of monomethyl phthalate (MMP) exposure (OR = 1.59, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.01-2.51) and monobutyl phthalate (MBP) exposure (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.16-2.85) in the adjusted analyses. Our findings add to the evidence that supports the role of maternal phthalate exposure in the first trimester of gestation as a risk factor for ICP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qing Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xing-Yong Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yun-Wei Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lei-Jing Mao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Tang S, He C, Thai P, Vijayasarathy S, Mackie R, Toms LML, Thompson K, Hobson P, Tscharke B, O'Brien JW, Mueller JF. Concentrations of phthalate metabolites in Australian urine samples and their contribution to the per capita loads in wastewater. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105534. [PMID: 32007687 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates is a public health concern. In this study, we collected both urine and wastewater samples from 2012 to 2017 and analysed for 14 phthalate metabolites to assess human exposure to phthalates in Southeast Queensland (SEQ), and for associations between phthalate metabolites in urine and wastewater samples. Twenty-four pooled urine samples were prepared from 2400 individual specimens every two years (stratified by age, gender and collection year). Wastewater samples were collected from the three major wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) representing locations in the SEQ region including a regional city, part of the state capital city and a third major urban WWTP in the region. Over the period, decreases for most phthalate metabolites, i.e. mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), monocyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and monomethyl phthalate (MMP), but an increase in monoethyl phthalate (MEP, particularly in young children) were observed in urine. In general, temporal changes were smaller in urine pools representing older age groups. We also found substantial variation in per capita mass loads of phthalate metabolites between samples from the three WWTPs with generally higher concentrations of most phthalates in the metropolitan areas. Per capita mass loads of most phthalate metabolites in wastewater were higher than would be expected from the per-capita excretion in urine, suggesting there are additional sources contributing to the majority of the observed phthalate metabolites in wastewater. For MEHHP and MEOHP we estimate that the urinary excretion accounts for a substantial fraction (average about 50%) of the mass load observed in the wastewater hence wastewater data may provide useful for monitoring trends in exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Tang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, 523808 Dongguan, China; QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chang He
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, 4102 Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Phong Thai
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Soumini Vijayasarathy
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachel Mackie
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leisa-Maree L Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 4059 Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristie Thompson
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Hobson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, 4006 Bowen Hills, Australia
| | - Ben Tscharke
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science, The University of Queensland, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Wang Z, Tang SF, Hou X. Glutathione peroxidase 6 from Arabidopsis thaliana as potential biomarker for plants exposure assessment to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117955. [PMID: 31887676 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a most abundant plasticizer, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been widely used in agriculture with an associated potential toxicity to many species including plants via the production of the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the potential toxic mechanisms of the plasticizer DEHP-induced oxidative damage to plants remain unknown. The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase has been suggested as biomarkers to reflect over excessive oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of DEHP on AtGPX6 was evaluated by multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking method. The fluorescence intensity of AtGPX6 was reduced by the static quenching mechanism upon the addition of DEHP. The predominant forces in complex formation was mainly impelled by hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces based on the negative ΔH and ΔS, which was in accordance with the molecular docking results. In addition, the secondary structural changes resulted from the complex formation were investigated in presence of different amounts of DEHP by the combination of fluorescence, UV-vis absorption and Circular dichroism spectra, which revealed the loosening and unfolding of the framework of AtGPX6 accompanied with the enhancement of the hydrophilicity around the tryptophan residues. The exploration of the interaction mechanism of DEHP with AtGPX6 at molecular level would help to evaluate the toxicity of the plasticizers and forecast the related adverse effects on plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Si-Fu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Exposure to Mono-n-Butyl Phthalate in Women with Endometriosis and Its Association with the Biological Effects on Human Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051794. [PMID: 32151056 PMCID: PMC7084286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the association between urinary phthalate metabolite levels, endometriosis, and their effects on human granulosa cells, we recruited patients who underwent laparoscopy to confirm endometriosis (n = 123) and control patients (n = 78). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the following five urinary phthalate metabolites: mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxo-hexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate. Urinary MnBP levels were higher in patients with endometriosis than in controls after multivariable logistic regression including the number of deliveries, body mass index, and use of medicine as covariables. MnBP correlates with other phthalate metabolites. Previous studies found that endometriosis was a detrimental condition for granulosa cells. In our study, we observed whether MnBP affected granulosa cells. MnBP treatment altered the gene expression of BIRC5, BUB1B, CDC20, cyclin B1, IL-1β, TNF-α, inhibin-B, StAR, and P450ssc and attenuated the ratio of the mitochondrial membrane potential in human granulosa cells. Moreover, MnBP decreased the expression of the anti-Mullerian hormone. These findings suggest that MnBP concentration is associated with endometriosis and may affect the health and steroidogenesis of human granulosa cells.
Collapse
|
200
|
Mondal S, Mukherjee S. Long-term dietary administration of diethyl phthalate triggers loss of insulin sensitivity in two key insulin target tissues of mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:984-993. [PMID: 32129097 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120909526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, a growing body of work has linked numerous pervasive environmental chemicals with a multitude of adverse reproductive, developmental, behavioral, and metabolic changes in humans and animal models. Plasticizers include a wide variety of phthalate esters that are extensively used in a host of personal day care and cosmetic products. Many population-based studies have indicated a close association between diethyl phthalate (DEP) and diabetes albeit the mechanisms remain much unexplored. Presently, we report that long-term dietary administration of DEP to adult male Swiss albino mice at two different concentrations mirroring the recommended tolerable doses, severely impaired insulin signaling in hepatocytes and adipocytes. This was concomitant with sustained oxidative stress from the overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2, a major intracellular source of reactive oxygen species, in both the cell types. The present study provides evidences of the onset of insulin resistance in mice after chronic exposure to DEP in diet even at lower levels. This, in turn, can have serious pathological consequences with ultimate manifestations of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, by disrupting the central metabolic function of liver and adipose tissue, the key insulin target tissues, daily exposure to phthalates in plastics can potentially contribute to the alarming prevalence of MetS in recent times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mondal
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - S Mukherjee
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|