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Rocha JNDS, Vasconcelos ABS, Aragão-Santos JC, de Resende–Neto AG, Monteiro MRP, Nogueira AC, Cardoso AP, Corrêa CB, de Moura TR, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. A single-set functional training program increases muscle power, improves functional fitness, and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1054424. [PMID: 37035659 PMCID: PMC10075356 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1054424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aging can be associated with reduced muscle power, functional decline, and increased plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. Functional training (FT) can improve muscle power, functional fitness and reduce plasma cytokines. However, the functional training optimal volume required to produce these adaptations must be clarified. Our study analyzed the effects of multiple-set functional training (MSFT) and single-set functional training (SSFT) on postmenopausal women's muscle power, functional fitness, and inflammatory profile. Methods: Forty-three women were randomly allocated into three groups: multiple-set functional training (n = 16, age 64.13 ± 5.17), single-set functional training (n = 14, age 63.79 ± 4.88), and control group (CG, n = 13, age 64.62 ± 5.44). The bench press and squat exercises evaluated upper and lower limb muscle power. The following tests assessed functional fitness: putting on and taking off a T-shirt, gallon-jug shelf-transfer, standing up and walking around the house, five times sit-to-stand, and 400-m walk. Plasma cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL 10) concentrations were measured by flow cytometry. Results: Single-set functional training and multiple-set functional training increased upper and lower limbs muscle power and improved functional fitness, except for the putting on and taking off a T-shirt test. Multiple-set functional training reduced TNF-α and IL-6, while single-set functional training reduced only TNF-α. IL-10 was unaffected by exercise. Discussion: Single-set functional training and multiple-set functional training, therefore, promoted similar muscle power and functional fitness improvements over 24 weeks. Multiple-set functional training was more effective than single-set functional training, reducing both TNF and IL-6, while single-set functional training only decreased TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Neris de Souza Rocha
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Department of Physical Education, Ages University Center, Paripiranga, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos,
| | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Raphael Pereira Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Pantoja Cardoso
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bani Corrêa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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152
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Ligon MM, Joshi CS, Fashemi BE, Salazar AM, Mysorekar IU. Effects of aging on urinary tract epithelial homeostasis and immunity. Dev Biol 2023; 493:29-39. [PMID: 36368522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A global increase in older individuals creates an increasing demand to understand numerous healthcare challenges related to aging. This population is subject to changes in tissue physiology and the immune response network. Older individuals are particularly susceptible to infectious diseases, with one of the most common being urinary tract infections (UTIs). Postmenopausal and older women have the highest risk of recurrent UTIs (rUTIs); however, why rUTIs become more frequent after menopause and during old age is incompletely understood. This increased susceptibility and severity among older individuals may involve functional changes to the immune system with age. Aging also has substantial effects on the epithelium and the immune system that led to impaired protection against pathogens, yet heightened and prolonged inflammation. How the immune system and its responses to infection changes within the bladder mucosa during aging has largely remained poorly understood. In this review, we highlight our understanding of bladder innate and adaptive immunity and the impact of aging and hormones and hormone therapy on bladder epithelial homeostasis and immunity. In particular, we elaborate on how the cellular and molecular immune landscape within the bladder can be altered during aging as aged mice develop bladder tertiary lymphoid tissues (bTLT), which are absent in young mice leading to profound age-associated change to the immune landscape in bladders that might drive the significant increase in UTI susceptibility. Knowledge of host factors that prevent or promote infection can lead to targeted treatment and prevention regimens. This review also identifies unique host factors to consider in the older, female host for improving rUTI treatment and prevention by dissecting the age-associated alteration of the bladder mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne M Ligon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chetanchandra S Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bisiayo E Fashemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arnold M Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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153
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Kishimoto T, Tasato D, Nagasawa Y, Higure Y, Setoguti M, Tibana R, Yamashiro A, Miyazato T, Shokita H. Vaccination, regular exercise, and prevention of chronic lung disease reduce exacerbation of COVID-19 severity in northern Okinawa, Japan: A cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:73. [PMID: 38008444 PMCID: PMC10685076 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As at June 14, 2023, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had affected more than 767 million people and caused more than 6.9 million deaths worldwide. This study aimed to clarify the lifestyle factors that influence the exacerbation of COVID-19 severity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of patients with COVID-19 whose severity classification of "moderate or severe" (COVID-19 exacerbation) was defined as an objective variable. The 1,353 participants were selected from 4,899 patients with COVID-19 between August 10, 2020 and December 10, 2022. Participants who underwent a specific health checkup before the date for a COVID-19 consultation were included. Using binominal logistic regression analysis, we evaluated the odds ratios (ORs) for COVID-19 exacerbation according to lifestyle-related factors. Limitations were discussed using a target trial emulation framework which clarifies problems in observational studies. RESULTS The explanatory variables extracted as factors that exacerbated COVID-19 severity were gender (OR [man vs. woman]: 2.533, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.484-4.322); age (OR [50s vs. 10s, 20s, or 30s]: 4.858, 95% CI 2.319-10.177; OR [60s]: 9.738, 95% CI 4.355-21.777; OR [70s + 80s + 90s]: 8.327, 95% CI 3.224-21.507); and comorbid chronic lung disease (OR ['yes' vs. 'no']: 2.892, 95% CI 1.227-6.818). The explanatory variables extracted as factors that reduce the severity of COVID-19 were hospital consultation year (OR [2022, predominantly Omicron variant prevalent vs. 2020, predominantly Alpha variant prevalent]: 0.180, 95% CI 0.058-0.559); number of vaccinations (OR [2 doses vs. 0 or one doses]: 0.223, 95% CI 0.114-0.436; OR [≥3 doses vs. 0 or one doses]: 0.090, 95% CI 0.035-0.229); regular exercise (exercising ≥2 days/week ≥30 minutes each at an intensity that causes a slight sweat for ≥1 year) (OR ['yes' vs. 'no']: 0.458, 95% CI 0.242-0.866). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the importance of vaccination, regular exercise, and prevention of chronic lung disease as measures against exacerbation of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kishimoto
- Department of Health Screening, Okinawa North Medical Association Hospital, 1712-3 Nago City, Okinawa 905-8611, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tasato
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Okinawa North Medical Association Hospital, 1712-3 Nago City, Okinawa 905-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagasawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Dialysis, Okinawa North Medical Association Hospital, 1712-3 Nago City, Okinawa 905-8611, Japan
| | - Yuri Higure
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Okinawa North Medical Association Hospital, 1712-3 Nago City, Okinawa 905-8611, Japan
| | - Michika Setoguti
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Okinawa North Medical Association Hospital, 1712-3 Nago City, Okinawa 905-8611, Japan
| | - Rin Tibana
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Okinawa North Medical Association Hospital, 1712-3 Nago City, Okinawa 905-8611, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamashiro
- Department of Health Screening, Okinawa North Medical Association Hospital, 1712-3 Nago City, Okinawa 905-8611, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazato
- Department of Health Screening, Okinawa North Medical Association Hospital, 1712-3 Nago City, Okinawa 905-8611, Japan
| | - Hayashi Shokita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okinawa North Medical Association Hospital, 1712-3 Nago City, Okinawa 905-8611, Japan
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154
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Chintapula U, Chikate T, Sahoo D, Kieu A, Guerrero Rodriguez ID, Nguyen KT, Trott D. Immunomodulation in age-related disorders and nanotechnology interventions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1840. [PMID: 35950266 PMCID: PMC9840662 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the aging population has increased exponentially around the globe bringing more challenges to improve quality of life in those populations while reducing the economic burden on healthcare systems. Aging is associated with changes in the immune system culminating in detrimental effects such as immune dysfunction, immunosenescence, and chronic inflammation. Age-related decline of immune functions is associated with various pathologies including cardiovascular, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases to name a few. Conventional treatment addresses the onset of age-related diseases by early detection of risk factors, administration of vaccines as preventive care, immunomodulatory treatment, and other dietary supplements. However, these approaches often come with systemic side-effects, low bioavailability of therapeutic agents, and poor outcomes seen in the elderly. Recent innovations in nanotechnology have led to the development of novel biomaterials/nanomaterials, which explore targeted drug delivery and immunomodulatory interactions in vivo. Current nanotechnology-based immunomodulatory approaches that have the potential to be used as therapeutic interventions for some prominent age-related diseases are discussed here. Finally, we explore challenges and future aspects of nanotechnology in the treatments of age-related disorders to improve quality of life in the elderly. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Chintapula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Joint Bioengineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tanmayee Chikate
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Deepsundar Sahoo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Amie Kieu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kytai T. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Joint Bioengineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Trott
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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155
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Chang LA, Phung E, Crank MC, Morabito KM, Villafana T, Dubovsky F, Falloon J, Esser MT, Lin BC, Chen GL, Graham BS, Ruckwardt TJ. A prefusion-stabilized RSV F subunit vaccine elicits B cell responses with greater breadth and potency than a postfusion F vaccine. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eade0424. [PMID: 36542692 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no licensed vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Here, we assess the effect of RSV fusion protein (F) conformation on B cell responses in a post hoc comparison of samples from the DS-Cav1 [prefusion (pre-F)] and MEDI7510 [postfusion (post-F)] vaccine clinical trials. We compared the magnitude and quality of the serological and B cell responses across time points and vaccines. We measured RSV A and B neutralization, F-binding immunoglobulin G titers, and competition assays at week 0 (before vaccination) and week 4 (after vaccination) to evaluate antibody specificity and potency. To compare B cell specificity and activation, we used pre-F and post-F probes in tandem with a 17-color immunophenotyping flow cytometry panel at week 0 (before vaccination) and week 1 (after vaccination). Our data demonstrate that both DS-Cav1 and MEDI7510 vaccination robustly elicit F-specific antibodies and B cells, but DS-Cav1 elicited antibodies that more potently neutralized both RSV A and B. The superior potency was mediated by antibodies that bind antigenic sites on the apex of pre-F that are not present on post-F. In the memory (CD27+) B cell compartment, vaccination with DS-Cav1 or MEDI7510 elicited B cells with different epitope specificities. B cells preferentially binding the pre-F probe were activated in DS-Cav1-vaccinated participants but not in MEDI7510-vaccinated participants. Our findings emphasize the importance of using pre-F as an immunogen in humans because of its deterministic role in eliciting highly potent neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Chang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Phung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle C Crank
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Morabito
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tonya Villafana
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Filip Dubovsky
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Judith Falloon
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Mark T Esser
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grace L Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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156
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Giannotta C, Castella B, Tripoli E, Grimaldi D, Avonto I, D’Agostino M, Larocca A, Kopecka J, Grasso M, Riganti C, Massaia M. Immune dysfunctions affecting bone marrow Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in multiple myeloma: Role of immune checkpoints and disease status. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1073227. [PMID: 36605214 PMCID: PMC9808386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1073227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone marrow (BM) Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are intrinsically predisposed to sense the immune fitness of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Methods In this work, we have used BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to interrogate the role of the immune checkpoint/immune checkpoint-ligand (ICP/ICP-L) network in the immune suppressive TME of MM patients. Results PD-1+ BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells combine phenotypic, functional, and TCR-associated alterations consistent with chronic exhaustion and immune senescence. When challenged by zoledronic acid (ZA) as a surrogate assay to interrogate the reactivity to their natural ligands, BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells further up-regulate PD-1 and TIM-3 and worsen TCR-associated alterations. BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells up-regulate TIM-3 after stimulation with ZA in combination with αPD-1, whereas PD-1 is not up-regulated after ZA stimulation with αTIM-3, indicating a hierarchical regulation of inducible ICP expression. Dual αPD-1/αTIM-3 blockade improves the immune functions of BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in MM at diagnosis (MM-dia), whereas single PD-1 blockade is sufficient to rescue BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in MM in remission (MM-rem). By contrast, ZA stimulation induces LAG-3 up-regulation in BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from MM in relapse (MM-rel) and dual PD-1/LAG-3 blockade is the most effective combination in this setting. Discussion These data indicate that: 1) inappropriate immune interventions can exacerbate Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell dysfunction 2) ICP blockade should be tailored to the disease status to get the most of its beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannotta
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Ezio Tripoli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Daniele Grimaldi
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Avonto
- Servizio Interdipartimentale di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Mattia D’Agostino
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Larocca
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariella Grasso
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy,*Correspondence: Massimo Massaia,
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157
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Cisneros B, García-Aguirre I, Unzueta J, Arrieta-Cruz I, González-Morales O, Domínguez-Larrieta JM, Tamez-González A, Leyva-Gómez G, Magaña JJ. Immune system modulation in aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059173. [PMID: 36591275 PMCID: PMC9797513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the immune system declines during aging, compromising its response against pathogens, a phenomenon termed as "immunosenescence." Alterations of the immune system undergone by aged individuals include thymic involution, defective memory T cells, impaired activation of naïve T cells, and weak memory response. Age-linked alterations of the innate immunity comprise perturbed chemotactic, phagocytic, and natural killing functions, as well as impaired antigen presentation. Overall, these alterations result in chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) that negatively impacts health of elderly people. In this review, we address the most relevant molecules and mechanisms that regulate the relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging and provide an updated description of the therapeutic strategies aimed to improve immunity in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulmaro Cisneros
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ian García-Aguirre
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Unzueta
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arrieta-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar González-Morales
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Domínguez-Larrieta
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Aura Tamez-González
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico,*Correspondence: Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, ; Jonathan J. Magaña,
| | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico,Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico,*Correspondence: Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, ; Jonathan J. Magaña,
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158
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Granic A, Martin-Ruiz C, Rimmer L, Dodds RM, Robinson LA, Spyridopoulos I, Kirkwood TBL, von Zglinicki T, Sayer AA. Immunosenescence profiles of lymphocyte compartments and multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) in very old adults: The Newcastle 85+ Study. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 208:111739. [PMID: 36152894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence, a decline in immune system function, has been linked to several age-related diseases and ageing syndromes. Very old adults (aged ≥ 85 years) live with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC, also known as multimorbidity)-a complex phenomenon of poor health defined by either counts, indices, or patterns, but little is known about the relationship between an ageing immune system and MLTC in this age group. We utilised baseline data from the Newcastle 85+ Study to investigate the associations between previously defined immunosenescence profiles of lymphocyte compartments and MLTC counts and patterns (from 16 chronic diseases/ageing syndromes). Seven hundred and three participants had MLTC and complete data for all 16 conditions, a median and mean of 5 (range 2-11) and 62.2% had ≥ 5 conditions. Three distinct MLTC patterns emerged by clustering: Cluster 1 ('Low frequency cardiometabolic-cerebrovascular diseases', n = 209), Cluster 2 ('High ageing syndromes-arthritis', n = 240), and Cluster 3 ('Hypertensive-renal impairment', n = 254). Although having a more senescent phenotype, characterised by higher frequency of CD4 and CD8 senescence-like effector memory cells and lower CD4/CD8 ratio, was not associated with MLTC compared with less senescent phenotype, the results warrant further investigation, including whether immunosenescence drives change in MLTC and influences MLTC severity in late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Bio Screening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Rimmer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Dodds
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B L Kirkwood
- National Innovation Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Autologous NK cells propagated and activated ex vivo decrease senescence markers in human PBMCs. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Watson AS, Goutam S, Stukalin I, Ewanchuk BW, Sander M, Meyers DE, Pabani A, Cheung WY, Heng DYC, Cheng T, Monzon JG, Navani V. Association of Immune-Related Adverse Events, Hospitalization, and Therapy Resumption With Survival Among Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Receiving Single-Agent or Combination Immunotherapy. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2245596. [PMID: 36480204 PMCID: PMC9856439 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.45596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have been shown to be positively associated with survival. Among patients with metastatic melanoma, evidence supporting this association has been conflicting, while ipilimumab-nivolumab combination ICB has been examined only in small clinical cohorts. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between irAEs and survival among patients with metastatic melanoma, in particular for those receiving combination ICB. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort of 492 consecutive patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ICB at 2 tertiary and 4 regional cancer centers in Alberta, Canada, from August 1, 2013, to May 31, 2020, was observed. Patients were aged 18 years or older with metastatic melanoma agnostic to primary site, who received 1 or more doses of an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 agent as single or combination ICB. Clinically significant irAEs requiring systemic corticosteroids and/or treatment delay were captured. To minimize immortal time bias, only patients surviving 12 weeks after ICB initiation were included in survival analyses. Statistical analysis was conducted on December 10, 2021. EXPOSURES Development of irAEs requiring systemic corticosteroids and/or treatment delay. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), with the association of irAE development with OS assessed via Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. The association of hospitalization for irAEs and ICB resumption after irAE with OS was examined. RESULTS Among 492 patients, the median age of those with irAEs was 61.8 years (IQR, 52.9-72.1 years), and the median age of those without irAEs was 65.5 years (IQR, 56.5-76.9 years), while sex distribution was comparable (137 of 198 men [69.2%] with irAEs vs 183 of 294 men [62.2%] without irAEs). There was an association between irAEs and OS both in the overall cohort (with irAEs: median OS, 56.3 months [95% CI, 38.2 months to not evaluable] vs without irAEs: median OS, 18.5 months [95% CI, 14.4-23.2 months]; P < .001) and in the 124 patients (25.2%) receiving combination ICB (with irAEs: median OS, 56.2 months [95% CI, 52.2 months to not evaluable] vs without irAEs: median OS, 19.0 months [95% CI, 6.6 months to not evaluable]; P < .001). Hospitalization for irAE did not alter this positive association with OS compared with outpatient treatment (median OS, not evaluable [95% CI, 31.5 months to not evaluable] vs median OS, 52.2 months [95% CI, 35.2 months to not evaluable]; P = .53), while resumption of ICB was associated with longer OS than not resuming ICB (median, 56.3 months [95% CI, 40.8 months to not evaluable] vs 31.5 months [95% CI, 21.0 months to not evaluable]; P = .009). A favorable independent association of irAEs with OS was confirmed in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio for death, 0.382 [95% CI, 0.254-0.576]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study suggests an association between irAEs and OS for patients with metastatic melanoma, including those treated with combination ICB and those with severe irAEs requiring hospitalization. The potential benefit associated with ICB resumption after irAEs warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Watson
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Goutam
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Igor Stukalin
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Michael Sander
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel E. Meyers
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aliyah Pabani
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Winson Y. Cheung
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Y. C. Heng
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tina Cheng
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jose G. Monzon
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vishal Navani
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Richardson RB, Mailloux RJ. WITHDRAWN: Mitochondria need their sleep: Sleep-wake cycling and the role of redox, bioenergetics, and temperature regulation, involving cysteine-mediated redox signaling, uncoupling proteins, and substrate cycles. Free Radic Biol Med 2022:S0891-5849(22)01013-9. [PMID: 36462628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada; McGill Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Cedars Cancer Centre - Glen Site, Montreal, Quebec QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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Al-Danakh A, Safi M, Alradhi M, Chen Q, Baldi S, Zhu X, Yang D. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Genes and Aging in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC): Clinical and Genomic Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223641. [PMID: 36429070 PMCID: PMC9688873 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is anticipated that there will be a large rise in the number of tumor diagnoses and mortality in those aged 65 and older over the course of upcoming decades. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, often known as ICIs, boost immune system activity by selectively targeting ICI genes. On the other hand, old age may be connected with unfavorable results. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provided gene expression data from ccRCC tissue and key clinical variables. ICI gene databases were applied and verified using the GEO database. Results: We identified 14 ICI genes as risk gene signatures among 528 ccRCC patients using univariate and multivariable cox hazard models, and the elderly group was linked with poor survival. Then, by utilizing a new nomogram method, the TNFSF15 gene and age predicting values were estimated at one, three, and five years (85%, 81%, and 81%), respectively, and our age-related risk score was significant even after multivariable analysis (HR = 1.518, p = 0.009, CI = 1.1102.076). TNFSF15 gene expression was lower in elderly ccRCC patients (p = 0.0001). A negative connection between age and the TNFSF15 gene expression was discovered by correlation analysis (p = 0.0001). The verification of the gene by utilizing GEO (GSE167093) with 604 patients was obtained as external validation that showed significant differences in the TNFSF15 gene between young and elderly patients (p = 0.007). Additionally, the protein-protein interactions of the TNFSF15 gene with other ICI genes and aging-related genes was determined. In addition, the TNFSF15 expression was significantly correlated with pathological stages (p = 0.018). Furthermore, it was discovered that the biological processes of senescence, cellular senescence, the immune system, and many immune cell infiltration and immune function types are all closely tied. Conclusions: Along with the risk score evaluation, the ICI gene TNFSF15 was identified as a tumor suppressor gene related to inequalities in age survival and is associated with pathological stages and different immunity statuses. The aging responses of ccRCC patients and related gene expression need further investigation in order to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Danakh
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Mohammed Safi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Mohammed Alradhi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Salem Baldi
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xinqing Zhu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Deyong Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
- Department of Surgery, Healinghands Clinic, Dalian 116021, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (D.Y.)
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de Castro MV, Silva MVR, Naslavsky MS, Scliar MO, Nunes K, Passos-Bueno MR, Castelli EC, Magawa JY, Adami FL, Moretti AIS, de Oliveira VL, Boscardin SB, Cunha-Neto E, Kalil J, Jouanguy E, Bastard P, Casanova JL, Quiñones-Vega M, Sosa-Acosta P, Guedes JDS, de Almeida NP, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB, Santos KS, Zatz M. The oldest unvaccinated Covid-19 survivors in South America. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:57. [PMID: 36384671 PMCID: PMC9666972 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although older adults are at a high risk of severe or critical Covid-19, there are many cases of unvaccinated centenarians who had a silent infection or recovered from mild or moderate Covid-19. We studied three Brazilian supercentenarians, older than 110 years, who survived Covid-19 in 2020 before being vaccinated. RESULTS Despite their advanced age, humoral immune response analysis showed that these individuals displayed robust levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. Enrichment of plasma proteins and metabolites related to innate immune response and host defense was also observed. None presented autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to type I interferon (IFN). Furthermore, these supercentenarians do not carry rare variants in genes underlying the known inborn errors of immunity, including particular inborn errors of type I IFN. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that their Covid-19 resilience might be a combination of their genetic background and their innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus V de Castro
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monize V R Silva
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel S Naslavsky
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia O Scliar
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Nunes
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erick C Castelli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jhosiene Y Magawa
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Adami
- Laboratory of Antigen Targeting to Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana I S Moretti
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian L de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia B Boscardin
- Laboratory of Antigen Targeting to Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauricio Quiñones-Vega
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sosa-Acosta
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de S Guedes
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália P de Almeida
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Keity S Santos
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kim SS, Sohn J, Lee SJV. Immunosenescence in Caenorhabditis elegans. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2022; 19:56. [PMCID: PMC9664038 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractImmunosenescence is an age-dependent decline in immune functions and hallmark of aging in diverse species, ranging from invertebrates to mammals. However, identifying the factors responsible for immunosenescence is challenging because of the complexity of immune systems and aging in mammals. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is suitable for understanding immunosenescence because of its simple immune system and rapid aging process. In this review, we discuss the advances in our understanding of immunosenescence in C. elegans. PMK-1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), SKN-1/NRF, and ZIP-10/bZIP transcription factor regulate immunosenescence through p38 MAPK and insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways. Because these factors and pathways are evolutionarily conserved, the findings discussed in this review may help understand the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence and develop new treatment therapy for immunosenescence in humans.
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165
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Moura AEF, Oliveira DN, Torres DM, Tavares-Júnior JWL, Nóbrega PR, Braga-Neto P, Sobreira-Neto MA. Central hypersomnia and chronic insomnia: expanding the spectrum of sleep disorders in long COVID syndrome - a prospective cohort study. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:417. [DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Long-onset COVID syndrome has been described in patients with COVID-19 infection with persistence of symptoms or development of sequelae beyond 4 weeks after the onset of acute symptoms, a medium- and long-term consequence of COVID-19. This syndrome can affect up to 32% of affected individuals, with symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cognitive disorders, insomnia, and psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the prevalence of sleep symptoms in patients with long COVID syndrome.
Methodology
A total of 207 patients with post-COVID symptoms were evaluated through clinical evaluation with a neurologist and specific exams in the subgroup complaining of excessive sleepiness.
Results
Among 189 patients included in the long COVID sample, 48 (25.3%) had sleep-related symptoms. Insomnia was reported by 42 patients (22.2%), and excessive sleepiness (ES) was reported by 6 patients (3.17%). Four patients with ES were evaluated with polysomnography and test, multiple sleep latencies test, and actigraphic data. Two patients had a diagnosis of central hypersomnia, and one had narcolepsy. A history of steroid use was related to sleep complaints (insomnia and excessive sleepiness), whereas depression was related to excessive sleepiness. We observed a high prevalence of cognitive complaints in these patients.
Conclusion
Complaints related to sleep, such as insomnia and excessive sleepiness, seem to be part of the clinical post-acute syndrome (long COVID syndrome), composing part of its clinical spectrum, relating to some clinical data.
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Olson NC, Doyle MF, Buzkova P, Huber SA, de Boer IH, Sitlani CM, Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Mukamal KJ, Delaney JA. Circulating differentiated and senescent lymphocyte subsets and incident diabetes risk in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 6:e384. [PMID: 36333945 PMCID: PMC9836256 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular senescence is a feature of aging implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether senescent lymphocytes are associated with the future occurrence of DM is uncertain. METHODS We used cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from 1860 Cardiovascular Health Study participants (average age 80.2 years) and flow cytometry immunophenotyping to evaluate the longitudinal relationships of naive (CD45RA+ ), memory (CD45RO+ ), senescent (CD28- ), and T effector memory RA+ (TEMRA) (CD28- CD57+ CD45RA+ ) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and memory B cells (CD19+ CD27+ ), with the risk of incident DM. In exploratory analyses we evaluated the relationships of 13 additional innate lymphocyte and CD4+ and CD8+ subsets with incident DM risk. RESULTS Over a median follow-up time of 8.9 years, 155 cases of incident DM occurred. In Cox models adjusted for demographic variables (age, sex, race, study site and flow cytometry analytical batch) or diabetes risk factors (demographic variables plus education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use and physical activity), no significant associations were observed for any CD4+ , CD8+ or CD19+ cell phenotypes with incident DM. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the frequencies of naive, memory and senescent T cells and memory B cells are not strongly associated with incident DM risk in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Washington School of Public HealthSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Ian H. de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Kidney Research InstituteUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA,Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Departments of Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Dong H, Asmolovaite V, Farnaud S, Renshaw D. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on immune function of healthy aging people: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1005786. [PMID: 36386950 PMCID: PMC9664161 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the influence of vitamin D supplementation on immune function of healthy older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Designed as a randomized controlled trial, 21 participants (55-85 years) completed the study during May-November 2018 in Coventry, England. The participants were randomized into vitamin D or the control group, stratified by age, gender and body mass index. The vitamin D group (n = 12) took vitamin D3 tablets of 1,000 IU/day for 12 weeks plus vitamin D education leaflet, while the control group (n = 9) were only provided with the leaflet. At baseline, 6 and 12 weeks, plasma 25(OH)D levels and immunological and metabolic parameters including phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, lymphocyte subsets and fasting blood glucose and lipid were measured. Dietary vitamin D intake was analyzed at baseline and week 12. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS At baseline, 42.9% of the participants were vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L), only 10% achieved a level of 25(OH)D > 50 nmol/L. Overweight/obese participants (n = 9) had significantly lower mean plasma 25(OH)D concentration (22.3 ± 8.7 nmol/L) than normal weight participants (48.1 ± 34.3 nmol/L) (P = 0.043). There was a significant increase in plasma 25(OH)D concentration in vitamin D group compared with that in control group (P = 0.002) during the intervention period. The plasma 25(OH)D concentration in vitamin D group was increased at 6 weeks (from 38.4 ± 37.0 nmol/L at baseline to 51.0 ± 38.2 nmol/L) with little change observed between 6 and 12 weeks (51.8 ± 36.4 nmol/L). The plasma creatinine concentration in vitamin D group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P = 0.036) (79.8 ± 7.0 μmol/L at baseline vs 75.1 ± 5.4 μmol/L at week 12). No significant effect of vitamin D supplementation was determined on immunological parameters. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is common among the aging population in the UK even during the summertime. Vitamin D supplementation at 1,000 IU/day for 12 weeks significantly increased plasma 25(OH)D concentration but showed no effect on metabolic and immunological parameters except decreased plasma creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Honglin Dong,
| | | | - Sebastien Farnaud
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Thin KA, Angsuwatcharakon P, Edwards SW, Mutirangura A, Puttipanyalears C. Upregulation of p16INK4A in Peripheral White Blood Cells as a Novel Screening Marker for Colorectal Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3753-3761. [PMID: 36444588 PMCID: PMC9930939 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.11.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) is important for the early detection. CRC is relating to aging and immuno-senescence. One such senescent marker is p16INK4A expression in immune cells. The objective of the study is to investigate the protein expression of p16INK4A in peripheral white blood cells as a screening marker for colorectal cancer. METHODS A case-control studies were conducted. Cases were patients with colorectal cancer and controls were matched with cases based on age and sex. Peripheral blood was collected from patients and controls and the protein p16INK4A was measured with immunofluorescent techniques. The p16INK4A levels from cases and controls were evaluated using ROC analysis to be used as a screening marker in CRC patients. Mean fluorescent intensity of p16INK4A of cases and controls were analyzed in CD45+, CD3+ or CD14+ cells. The p16INK4A levels of cases were also correlated with clinical data. RESULT Statistically significant increased expression of p16INK4A levels were found in cases compared to controls. p16INK4A in peripheral immune cells had 78% sensitivity and 71% specificity which can possibly be used as a diagnosis tool for colorectal cancer. P16INK4A-positive cell percentage and mean florescent intensity were significantly higher in CD45+ cells, CD3 positive cells and CD14 positive cells. No significant correlation was observed with the clinical data and p16INK4A level of CRC patients. CONCLUSION The significant increase of p16 INK4A expression level in peripheral immune cells represents potential for use as a CRC screening marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Aye Thin
- Joint PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology between Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. ,Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Charoenchai Puttipanyalears
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. ,Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. ,For Correspondence:
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169
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Heloterä H, Kaarniranta K. A Linkage between Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213453. [PMID: 36359849 PMCID: PMC9654543 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the aging population with a limited understanding of its pathogenesis and the number of patients are all the time increasing. AMD is classified into two main forms: dry and neovascular AMD (nAMD). Dry AMD is the most prevalent form (80–90%) of AMD cases. Neovascular AMD (10–20% of AMD cases) is treated with monthly or more sparsely given intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, but unfortunately, not all patients respond to the current treatments. A clinical hallmark of nAMD is choroidal neovascularization. The progression of AMD is initially characterized by atrophic alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium, as well as the formation of lysosomal lipofuscin and extracellular drusen deposits. Cellular damage caused by chronic oxidative stress, protein aggregation and inflammatory processes may lead to advanced geographic atrophy and/or choroidal neovascularization and fibrosis. Currently, it is not fully known why different AMD phenotypes develop. In this review, we connect angiogenesis and inflammatory regulators in the development of nAMD and discuss therapy challenges and hopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Heloterä
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Vellasamy DM, Lee SJ, Goh KW, Goh BH, Tang YQ, Ming LC, Yap WH. Targeting Immune Senescence in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13059. [PMID: 36361845 PMCID: PMC9658319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the main underlying causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It is associated with chronic inflammation and intimal thickening as well as the involvement of multiple cell types including immune cells. The engagement of innate or adaptive immune response has either athero-protective or atherogenic properties in exacerbating or alleviating atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, the mechanism of action of immune cells, particularly monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B- and T-lymphocytes have been discussed. Immuno-senescence is associated with aging, viral infections, genetic predispositions, and hyperlipidemia, which contribute to atherosclerosis. Immune senescent cells secrete SASP that delays or accelerates atherosclerosis plaque growth and associated pathologies such as aneurysms and coronary artery disease. Senescent cells undergo cell cycle arrest, morphological changes, and phenotypic changes in terms of their abundances and secretome profile including cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressions. The senescence markers are used in therapeutics and currently, senolytics represent one of the emerging treatments where specific targets and clearance of senescent cells are being considered as therapy targets for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusha Michelle Vellasamy
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Jye Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yin-Quan Tang
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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Castro-Fuentes CA, Reyes-Montes MDR, Frías-De-León MG, Valencia-Ledezma OE, Acosta-Altamirano G, Duarte-Escalante E. Aspergillus-SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection: What Is Known? Pathogens 2022; 11:1227. [PMID: 36364979 PMCID: PMC9694759 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has had a high incidence. In addition, it has been associated with prolonged hospital stays, as well as several predisposing risk factors, such as fungal factors (nosocomial organism, the size of the conidia, and the ability of the Aspergillus spp. of colonizing the respiratory tract), environmental factors (remodeling in hospitals, use of air conditioning and negative pressure in intensive care units), comorbidities, and immunosuppressive therapies. In addition to these factors, SARS-CoV-2 per se is associated with significant dysfunction of the patient's immune system, involving both innate and acquired immunity, with reduced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and cytokine storm. Therefore, this review aims to identify the factors influencing the fungus so that coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 can occur. In addition, we analyze the predisposing factors in the fungus, host, and the immune response alteration due to the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 that causes the development of CAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Castro-Fuentes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
| | - Omar E. Valencia-Ledezma
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Duarte-Escalante
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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172
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Luangnara A, Kiratikanon S, Ketpueak T, Suksombooncharoen T, Charoentum C, Chewaskulyong B, Tovanabutra N, Chiewchanvit S, Nochaiwong S, Chuamanochan M. Incidence and factors associated with cutaneous immune-related adverse events to immune check point inhibitors: An ambispective cohort study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965550. [PMID: 36341419 PMCID: PMC9630333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the frontline treatment option for patients with various advanced cancers due to improved survival, they can be associated with a spectrum of cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs). However, little is known regarding the occurrence and patterns of cirAE-related ICI therapy in patients of different races other than white populations. Therefore, we investigated the incidence and associated factors of cirAEs among cancer patients in northern Thailand. Methods A referral-center-based ambispective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2017, to March 31, 2021. Based on a linked database and merged patient-level data, adult patients with pathologically confirmed cancer who were diagnosed and received ICI therapy regardless of cancer type and followed up through August 31, 2021, were included. All cirAE-related ICI therapy was based on clinical evaluation and ascertainment by a board-certified dermatologist. The incidence of cirAE-related ICI therapy with confidence intervals (CIs) across cancer- and ICI therapy-specific groups was estimated. Factors associated with cirAEs were evaluated using multivariable modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. Results The study included 112 patients (67 men [59.8%]; mean age, 65.0 [range, 31.0-88.0] years), who were mainly diagnosed with lung cancer (56.3%), followed by liver cancer (19.6%). The overall incidence of cirAE-related ICI therapy was 32.1% (95% CI, 24.1-41.4); however, there was no substantial difference in sex, cancer type, or individual ICI therapy. The two identified prognostic risk factors of cirAE-related ICI therapy were age >75 years (adjusted RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.09-4.15; P=0.027) and pre-existing chronic kidney disease stages 3-4 (adjusted RR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.33-5.31; P<0.001). Conclusions The incidence of cirAE-related ICI therapy among Thai cancer patients was comparable to that in white populations. Early identification, particularly in elderly patients and those with CKD, should be implemented in clinical practice to help optimize therapeutic decision-making and patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salin Kiratikanon
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanika Ketpueak
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Chaiyut Charoentum
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busyamas Chewaskulyong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Napatra Tovanabutra
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siri Chiewchanvit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Surapon Nochaiwong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Mati Chuamanochan, ; Surapon Nochaiwong,
| | - Mati Chuamanochan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Mati Chuamanochan, ; Surapon Nochaiwong,
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173
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Relationships between Inflammation and Age-Related Neurocognitive Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012573. [PMID: 36293430 PMCID: PMC9604276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and age-related neurocognitive changes is significant, which may relate to the age-related immune dysfunctions characterized by the senescence of immune cells and elevated inflammatory markers in the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms, including the development of vascular inflammation, neuroinflammation, organelle dysfunctions, abnormal cholesterol metabolism, and glymphatic dysfunctions as well as the role that the key molecules play in the immune-cognition interplay. We propose potential therapeutic pharmacological and behavioral strategies for ameliorating age-related neurocognitive changes associated with inflammation. Further research to decipher the multidimensional roles of chronic inflammation in normal and pathological aging processes will help unfold the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning neurocognitive disorders. The insight gained will lay the path for developing cost-effective preventative measures and the buffering or delaying of age-related neurocognitive decline.
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174
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Munteanu AN, Surcel M, Isvoranu G, Constantin C, Neagu M. Healthy Ageing Reflected in Innate and Adaptive Immune Parameters. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1513-1526. [PMID: 36247200 PMCID: PMC9555218 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s375926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the paper is to establish and quantify the relation between healthy ageing and the innate and adaptive immune parameters as indicators of age-related diseases. Patients In order to observe the immunological changes that occur according to age, several humoral and cellular immune parameters were investigated for 288 healthy donors (30-80 years). Subjects' selection was done using clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters of inclusion/exclusion criteria from SENIEUR protocol. Results Age-related changes were observed for both humoral and cellular immune parameters. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping revealed several significant differences in the distribution of cells, both intra- and inter-age groups, namely decreased values of T-CD3+, T-CD8+ and NK cells, and elevated values for T-CD4+, T-CD4+/T-CD8+ ratio and B cells. The percentages of unstimulated neutrophils that show basal oxidative activity and the intensity of this activity had an increasing tendency age-related. The percentage of N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine stimulated neutrophils clearly decreases with age, and is associated with an increasing intensity of oxidative activity. Our data also have shown an increased percentage of oxidative neutrophils after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation and an elevated oxidative activity with age. Conclusion Overall healthy ageing is governed by some immune-related deregulations that account for immune exhaustion due to numerous developed immune processes during a life-time and the age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Narcisa Munteanu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Gheorghița Isvoranu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, 020125, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 050095, Romania,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, 020125, Romania,Correspondence: Monica Neagu, Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 050096, Romania, Tel/Fax +4021-3194528, Email
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175
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Marrella V, Facoetti A, Cassani B. Cellular Senescence in Immunity against Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911845. [PMID: 36233146 PMCID: PMC9570409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to different triggers and an inflammatory secretome. Although originally described in fibroblasts and cell types of solid organs, cellular senescence affects most tissues with advancing age, including the lymphoid tissue, causing chronic inflammation and dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune functions. Besides its normal occurrence, persistent microbial challenge or pathogenic microorganisms might also accelerate the activation of cellular aging, inducing the premature senescence of immune cells. Therapeutic strategies counteracting the detrimental effects of cellular senescence are being developed. Their application to target immune cells might have the potential to improve immune dysfunctions during aging and reduce the age-dependent susceptibility to infections. In this review, we discuss how immune senescence influences the host’s ability to resolve more common infections in the elderly and detail the different markers proposed to identify such senescent cells; the mechanisms by which infectious agents increase the extent of immune senescence are also reviewed. Finally, available senescence therapeutics are discussed in the context of their effects on immunity and against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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176
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The Therapeutic Potential of the Endocannabinoid System in Age-Related Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102492. [PMID: 36289755 PMCID: PMC9599275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) dynamically regulates many aspects of mammalian physiology. ECS has gained substantial interest since growing evidence suggests that it also plays a major role in several pathophysiological conditions due to its ability to modulate various underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, cannabinoids, as components of the cannabinoid system (CS), have proven beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuromodulatory, antioxidative, and cardioprotective effects. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to describe the complex interaction between CS and most common age-related diseases such as neuro-degenerative, oncological, skeletal, and cardiovascular disorders, together with the potential of various cannabinoids to ameliorate the progression of these disorders. Since chronic inflammation is postulated as the pillar of all the above-mentioned medical conditions, we also discuss in this paper the potential of CS to ameliorate aging-associated immune system dysregulation.
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177
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Interplay between fat cells and immune cells in bone: Impact on malignant progression and therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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178
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Barman PK, Shin JE, Lewis SA, Kang S, Wu D, Wang Y, Yang X, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M, Messaoudi I, Benayoun BA, Goodridge HS. Production of MHCII-expressing classical monocytes increases during aging in mice and humans. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13701. [PMID: 36040389 PMCID: PMC9577948 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased monocyte production and altered monocyte function. Classical monocytes are heterogenous and a shift in their subset composition may underlie some of their apparent functional changes during aging. We have previously shown that mouse granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) produce "neutrophil-like" monocytes (NeuMo), whereas monocyte-dendritic cell progenitors (MDPs) produce monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC)-producing monocytes (DCMo). Here, we demonstrate that classical monocytes from the bone marrow of old male and female mice have higher expression of DCMo signature genes (H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, H2-Eb1, Cd74), and that more classical monocytes express MHCII and CD74 protein. Moreover, we show that bone marrow MDPs and classical monocytes from old mice yield more moDC. We also demonstrate higher expression of Aw112010 in old monocytes and that Aw112010 lncRNA activity regulates MHCII induction in macrophages, which suggests that elevated Aw112010 levels may underlie increased MHCII expression during monocyte aging. Finally, we show that classical monocyte expression of MHCII is also elevated during healthy aging in humans. Thus, aging-associated changes in monocyte production may underlie altered monocyte function and have implications for aging-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K. Barman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine InstituteCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Research Division of Immunology in the Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Juliana E. Shin
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine InstituteCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Research Division of Immunology in the Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sloan A. Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA,Institute for ImmunologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Seokjo Kang
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine InstituteCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Research Division of Immunology in the Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Di Wu
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars‐Sinai CancerCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars‐Sinai CancerCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA,Institute for ImmunologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics in the College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Bérénice A. Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Molecular and Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, USC Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Helen S. Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine InstituteCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Research Division of Immunology in the Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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179
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Cevirgel A, Shetty SA, Vos M, Nanlohy NM, Beckers L, Bijvank E, Rots N, van Beek J, Buisman A, van Baarle D. Identification of aging-associated immunotypes and immune stability as indicators of post-vaccination immune activation. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13703. [PMID: 36081314 PMCID: PMC9577949 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence describes immune dysfunction observed in older individuals. To identify individuals at-risk for immune dysfunction, it is crucial to understand the diverse immune phenotypes and their intrinsic functional capabilities. We investigated immune cell subsets and variation in the aging population. We observed that inter-individual immune variation was associated with age and cytomegalovirus seropositivity. Based on the similarities of immune subset composition among individuals, we identified nine immunotypes that displayed different aging-associated immune signatures, which explained inter-individual variation better than age. Additionally, we correlated the immune subset composition of individuals over approximately a year as a measure of stability of immune parameters. Immune stability was significantly lower in immunotypes that contained aging-associated immune subsets and correlated with a circulating CD38 + CD4+ T follicular helper cell increase 7 days after influenza vaccination. In conclusion, immune stability is a feature of immunotypes and could be a potential indicator of post-vaccination cellular kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Cevirgel
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection preventionVirology and Immunology Research GroupUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sudarshan A. Shetty
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection preventionVirology and Immunology Research GroupUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Nening M. Nanlohy
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Elske Bijvank
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Anne‐Marie Buisman
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection preventionVirology and Immunology Research GroupUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Hagiya H, Hikita T, Habu T, Asada M, Yorifuji T, Toyooka S, Otsuka F, Nakayama M. Poor vaccine responsiveness towards third-dose mRNA vaccine of COVID-19 in Japanese older people. J Infect 2022; 85:436-480. [PMID: 35835411 PMCID: PMC9272660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Takao Hikita
- Office of Innovative Medicine, Organization for Research Strategy and Development, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Tomohiro Habu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Asada
- Departments of Medical Education, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Epidemiology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakayama
- Office of Innovative Medicine, Organization for Research Strategy and Development, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.
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Tieu S, Charchoglyan A, Wagter-Lesperance L, Karimi K, Bridle BW, Karrow NA, Mallard BA. Immunoceuticals: Harnessing Their Immunomodulatory Potential to Promote Health and Wellness. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194075. [PMID: 36235727 PMCID: PMC9571036 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge that certain nutraceuticals can modulate the immune system is not new. These naturally occurring compounds are known as immunoceuticals, which is a novel term that refers to products and systems that naturally improve an individual’s immuno-competence. Examples of immunoceuticals include vitamin D3, mushroom glycans, flavonols, quercetin, omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and micronutrients (e.g., zinc and selenium), to name a few. The immune system is a complex and highly intricate system comprising molecules, cells, tissues, and organs that are regulated by many different genetic and environmental factors. There are instances, such as pathological conditions, in which a normal immune response is suboptimal or inappropriate and thus augmentation or tuning of the immune response by immunoceuticals may be desired. With infectious diseases, cancers, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory conditions, and allergies on the rise in both humans and animals, the importance of the use of immunoceuticals to prevent, treat, or augment the treatment of these conditions is becoming more evident as a natural and often economical approach to support wellness. The global nutraceuticals market, which includes immunoceuticals, is a multi-billion-dollar industry, with a market size value of USD 454.55 billion in 2021, which is expected to reach USD 991.09 billion by 2030. This review will provide an overview of the immune system, the importance of immunomodulation, and defining and testing for immunocompetence, followed by a discussion of several key immunoceuticals with clinically proven and evidence-based immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tieu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Armen Charchoglyan
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Advanced Analysis Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lauri Wagter-Lesperance
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Bonnie A. Mallard
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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182
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Saleh M, Markovic M, Olson KE, Gendelman HE, Mosley RL. Therapeutic Strategies for Immune Transformation in Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S201-S222. [PMID: 35871362 PMCID: PMC9535567 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity can lead to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) misfolding, aggregation, and post-translational modifications in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This process is driven by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which can contribute to the release of neurotoxic oligomers that facilitate dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Strategies that promote vaccines and antibodies target the clearance of misfolded, modified α-syn, while gene therapy approaches propose to deliver intracellular single chain nanobodies to mitigate α-syn misfolding, or to deliver neurotrophic factors that support neuronal viability in an otherwise neurotoxic environment. Additionally, transformative immune responses provide potential targets for PD therapeutics. Anti-inflammatory drugs represent one strategy that principally affects innate immunity. Considerable research efforts have focused on transforming the balance of pro-inflammatory effector T cells (Teffs) to favor regulatory T cell (Treg) activity, which aims to attenuate neuroinflammation and support reparative and neurotrophic homeostasis. This approach serves to control innate microglial neurotoxic activities and may facilitate clearance of α-syn aggregates accordingly. More recently, changes in the intestinal microbiome have been shown to alter the gut-immune-brain axis leading to suppressed leakage of bacterial products that can promote peripheral inflammation and α-syn misfolding. Together, each of the approaches serves to interdict chronic inflammation associated with disordered immunity and neurodegeneration. Herein, we examine research strategies aimed at improving clinical outcomes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maamoon Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Caruso C, Accardi G, Aiello A, Calabrò A, Ligotti ME, Candore G. Lessons from Sicilian Centenarians for Anti-Ageing Medicine. The Oxi-Inflammatory Status. Transl Med UniSa 2022; 24:16-23. [PMID: 36447947 PMCID: PMC9673988 DOI: 10.37825/2239-9754.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Population ageing is a great achievement of humanity, but it also represents a challenge that the Western world is currently facing, as ageing is associated with increased susceptibility to age-related inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms of healthy ageing to prevent the harmful aspects of ageing. The study of long living individuals (LLIs) is a great model for trying to achieve this goal. Accordingly, the oxy-inflammatory status of Sicilian LLIs was reviewed in the present paper. Based on the reported data, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress strategies have been discussed, useful for delaying or avoiding the onset of age-related diseases, thus favouring a healthy ageing process.
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184
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Crescioli C. Vitamin D, exercise, and immune health in athletes: A narrative review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954994. [PMID: 36211340 PMCID: PMC9539769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D exerts important extra-skeletal effects, exhibiting an exquisite immune regulatory ability, affecting both innate and adaptive immune responses through the modulation of immunocyte function and signaling. Remarkably, the immune function of working skeletal muscle, which is fully recognized to behave as a secretory organ with immune capacity, is under the tight control of vitamin D as well. Vitamin D status, meaning hormone sufficiency or insufficiency, can push toward strengthening/stabilization or decline of immune surveillance, with important consequences for health. This aspect is particularly relevant when considering the athletic population: while exercising is, nowadays, the recommended approach to maintain health and counteract inflammatory processes, “too much” exercise, often experienced by athletes, can increase inflammation, decrease immune surveillance, and expose them to a higher risk of diseases. When overexercise intersects with hypovitaminosis D, the overall effects on the immune system might converge into immune depression and higher vulnerability to diseases. This paper aims to provide an overview of how vitamin D shapes human immune responses, acting on the immune system and skeletal muscle cells; some aspects of exercise-related immune modifications are addressed, focusing on athletes. The crossroad where vitamin D and exercise meet can profile whole-body immune response and health.
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185
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Antidepressant Effect of Ketamine on Inflammation-Mediated Cytokine Dysregulation in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression: Rapid Systematic Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1061274. [PMID: 36160713 PMCID: PMC9507757 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represent a global source of societal and health burden. To advise proper management of inflammation-related depression among TRD patients, it is important to identify therapeutic clinical treatments. A key factor is related to proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive symptoms in MDD patients. Ketamine may provide an anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy by targeting proinflammatory pathways associated with depressive disorders, which may be exacerbated in the ageing population with TRD. Objective Despite a burgeoning body of literature demonstrating that inflammation is linked to TRD, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the relationship between proinflammatory biomarkers and ketamine's antidepressant effect on TRD patients. Method The Cochrane Library and PubMed/MEDLINE databases were systematically searched from inception up to February 1, 2022, adopting broad inclusion criteria to assess clinical topics related to the impact of ketamine on inflammatory cytokines in TRD patients. The present work is in compliance with the World Health Organization Rapid Review Guide. Results Five out of the seven studies examined in this review show that ketamine infusion may reduce depressive symptoms with a quick start of effect on TRD patients. Based on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores, the overall response rate for ketamine was 56%; that is, 56% of those treated with ketamine had MADRS/HAM-D scores decreased by at least 50%. Conclusions While the anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine modulate specific proinflammatory cytokines, its rapid antidepressant effect on TRD patients remains inconsistent. However, our study findings can provide a reliable basis for future research on how to improve systemic inflammatory immune disorders and mental health. We suggest that ketamine infusion may be part of a comprehensive treatment approach in TRD patients with elevated levels of depression-specific inflammatory biomarkers.
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186
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Safi M, Jin C, Aldanakh A, Feng P, Qin H, Alradhi M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Adlat S, Zhao Y, Liu J. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) genes and aging in malignant melanoma patients: a clinicogenomic TCGA study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:978. [PMID: 36100891 PMCID: PMC9469583 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer diagnoses and deaths among the elderly (65 +) are expected to increase significantly over the next decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors specifically target ICI genes and enhance immune system function. However, poor outcomes may be associated with aging. Methods We downloaded the Genomic Data Commons from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and collected gene expression data from malignant melanoma (MM) tissues, the third level as the primary site. The CKTTD ICI genes database were applied and validated using the GEO database and lab experiments. Results In 414 patients, 13 ICI genes were obtained as risk gene signature by univariate and multivariate Cox hazard models and were associated with poor survival in the older group. At 1, 3, and 5 years (79%, 76%, and 76%, respectively), we investigate TNFRFS4 gene and age prediction using novel nomogram-associated aging (HR = 1.79, P 0.001, CI = 1.32–2.45) with higher sensitivity testing.TNFRSF4 gene expression was significantly high in younger (15 years interval) MM patients (P < 0.001). By correlation analysis, a significant negative association was determined (P < 0.001). The validation of gene correlation from GEO (GSE59455) and (GSE22153) was obtained as external validation. We tested the TNFRSF4 protein levels by IHC in 14 melanoma tissue samples. TNFRSF4 expression was observed to be lower expressed in the older of melanoma tissues, and higher in the younger age group (P = 0.02). Besides the connectivity of ICI gene proteins, the biological processes of cell aging, aging, and the immune system were found to be highly related. Conclusions Along with the risk score evaluation, the ICI gene (TNFRSF4) was identified as a tumor suppressor gene related to inequalities in age survival and associated with immune cell infiltrations. The aging responses of melanoma patients and related gene expression need further investigation in order to identify potential therapeutic targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09860-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Safi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Chenxing Jin
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Abdullah Aldanakh
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Henan Qin
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Mohammed Alradhi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Salah Adlat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
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Ioannou P, Spentzouri D, Konidaki M, Papapanagiotou M, Tzalis S, Akoumianakis I, Filippatos TD, Panagiotakis S, Kofteridis DP. COVID-19 in Older Individuals Requiring Hospitalization. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:686-693. [PMID: 36136824 PMCID: PMC9498435 DOI: 10.3390/idr14050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Older individuals have an increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a higher risk for complications and death. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of older patients admitted with COVID-19 and describe their outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients older than 65 years admitted to the COVID-19 Department of the University Hospital of Heraklion. Data recorded and evaluated included age, gender, Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) severity score, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) use, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), laboratory exams, treatment administered, and outcome. In total, 224 patients were evaluated in the present study. The median age was 75 years and 105 (46.9%) were female. In 50 patients (22.7%), HFNO was used and 23 (10.3%) were admitted to the ICU. Mortality was 13.4% (30 patients). Patients that died had higher age, were more likely to be male, had an IDSA severity score of 3, had prior HFNO use, had been admitted to the ICU, and were also more likely to have a higher white blood cell (WBC) count, CRP, ferritin, procalcitonin, d-dimers, and troponin. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age and the need for HFNO use to be independently positively associated with mortality. To conclude, COVID-19 carries significant mortality in hospitalized older patients, which increases with age, while the need for HFNO also increased the likelihood of worse outcomes. Clinicians caring for patients with COVID-19 should bear in mind these two factors. Future studies could elaborate on the effect of new variants on the dynamics of mortality in older patients.
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188
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Luís C, Maduro AT, Pereira P, Mendes JJ, Soares R, Ramalho R. Nutritional senolytics and senomorphics: Implications to immune cells metabolism and aging – from theory to practice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:958563. [PMID: 36159455 PMCID: PMC9493043 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.958563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural physiological process, but one that poses major challenges in an increasingly aging society prone to greater health risks such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, frailty, increased susceptibility to infection, and reduced response to vaccine regimens. The loss of capacity for cell regeneration and the surrounding tissue microenvironment itself is conditioned by genetic, metabolic, and even environmental factors, such as nutrition. The senescence of the immune system (immunosenescence) represents a challenge, especially when associated with the presence of age-related chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and affecting the metabolic programming of immune cells (immunometabolism). These aspects are linked to poorer health outcomes and therefore present an opportunity for host-directed interventions aimed at both eliminating senescent cells and curbing the underlying inflammation. Senotherapeutics are a class of drugs and natural products that delay, prevent, or reverse the senescence process – senolytics; or inhibit senescence-associated secretory phenotype – senomorphics. Natural senotherapeutics from food sources – nutritional senotherapeutics – may constitute an interesting way to achieve better age-associated outcomes through personalized nutrition. In this sense, the authors present herein a framework of nutritional senotherapeutics as an intervention targeting immunosenescence and immunometabolism, identifying research gaps in this area, and gathering information on concluded and ongoing clinical trials on this subject. Also, we present future directions and ideation for future clinical possibilities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luís
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T. Maduro
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Pereira
- Nutritional Immunology – Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Applied Nutrition Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada – G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Nutritional Immunology – Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Ramalho
- Nutritional Immunology – Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Applied Nutrition Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada – G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Renata Ramalho,
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Agarwal D, Paul S, Lele P, Piprode V, Kawade A, Hajela N, Bavdekar A, Parulekar V, Ginde M, Paranjape G, Matsuda K, Hori T, Juvekar S, Lal G. Changes in immunological parameters by ageing in rural healthy Indian adults and their associations with sex and lifestyle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15012. [PMID: 36056136 PMCID: PMC9438881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors including sex and lifestyle have been reported to contribute to the age-related alteration of immune functions. The study was undertaken to determine age-related differences in the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes in the Indian population using blood samples from 67 healthy adults (33 females and 34 males) aged between 20 and 80 years old. In the linear regression analysis to estimate the relationship with age categories, there was a significant increase in the frequency of natural killer cells with ageing, while their cytolytic activity significantly declined. The frequency of CD4+ T cells increased with age, whereas that of CD8+ T cells decreased, resulting in the age-associated increase of the CD4/CD8 ratio. The subsets of B cells did not show any significant relationship with age. Although there were variations between the male and female subgroups in effect size of ageing, the trends were in the same direction in all the parameters. Reduced fat intake was associated with a lower frequency of CD4+ T cells, and higher serum cotinine level was associated with a higher CD4/CD8 ratio. The results indicate that cellular immunity in the Indian population is affected by ageing, while humoral immunity is less susceptible to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Agarwal
- KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu Rural Health Program, Pune, Maharashtra, 412216, India
| | - Sourav Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Pallavi Lele
- KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu Rural Health Program, Pune, Maharashtra, 412216, India
| | - Vikrant Piprode
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Anand Kawade
- KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu Rural Health Program, Pune, Maharashtra, 412216, India
| | - Neerja Hajela
- Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd., 212, Ground Floor, Okhla Industrial Estate Phase-III, New Delhi, Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Ashish Bavdekar
- Paediatrics Department, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, 411011, India
| | - Varsha Parulekar
- DiagnoSearch Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 702, Dosti Pinnacle Plot No. E-7, Road No. 22 Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane, Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Manisha Ginde
- DiagnoSearch Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 702, Dosti Pinnacle Plot No. E-7, Road No. 22 Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane, Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Gandhali Paranjape
- DiagnoSearch Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 702, Dosti Pinnacle Plot No. E-7, Road No. 22 Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane, Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Kazunori Matsuda
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Hori
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Sanjay Juvekar
- KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu Rural Health Program, Pune, Maharashtra, 412216, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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Michlmayr D, Hansen CH, Gubbels SM, Valentiner-Branth P, Bager P, Obel N, Drewes B, Møller CH, Møller FT, Legarth R, Mølbak K, Ethelberg S. Observed protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection following a primary infection: A Danish cohort study among unvaccinated using two years of nationwide PCR-test data. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 20:100452. [PMID: 35791335 PMCID: PMC9245510 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The level of protection after a SARS-CoV-2 infection against reinfection and COVID-19 disease remains important with much of the world still unvaccinated. Methods Analysing nationwide, individually referable, Danish register data including RT-PCR-test results, we conducted a cohort study using Cox regression to compare SARS-CoV-2 infection rates before and after a primary infection among still unvaccinated individuals, adjusting for sex, age, comorbidity and residency region. Estimates of protection against infection were calculated as 1 minus the hazard ratio. Estimates of protection against symptomatic infections and infections leading to hospitalisation were also calculated. The prevalence of infections classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic was compared for primary infections and reinfections. The study also assessed protection against each of the main viral variants after a primary infection with an earlier variant by restricting follow-up time to distinct, mutually exclusive periods during which each variant dominated. Findings Until 1 July 2021 the estimated protection against reinfection was 83.4% (95%CI: 82.2-84.6%); but lower for the 65+ year-olds (72.2%; 95%CI: 53.2-81.0%). Moderately higher estimates were found for protection against symptomatic disease, 88.3% overall (95%CI: 85.9-90.3%). First-time cases who reported no symptoms were more likely to experience a reinfection (odds ratio: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.35-1.62). By autumn 2021, when infections were almost exclusively caused by the Delta variant, the estimated protection following a recent first infection was 91.3% (95%CI: 89.7-92.7%) compared to 71.4% (95%CI: 66.9-75.3%) after a first infection over a year earlier. With Omicron, a first infection with an earlier variant in the past 3-6 months gave an estimated 51.0% (95%CI: 50.1-52.0%) protection, whereas a first infection longer than 12 months earlier provided only 19.0% (95%CI: 17.2-20.5%) protection. Protection by an earlier variant-infection against hospitalisation due to a new infection was estimated at: 86.6% (95%CI: 46.3-96.7%) for Alpha, 97.2% (95%CI: 89.0-99.3%) for Delta, and 69.8% (95%CI: 51.5-81.2%) for the Omicron variant. Interpretation SARS-CoV-2 infection offered a high level of sustained protection against reinfection, comparable with that offered by vaccines, but decreased with the introduction of new main virus variants; dramatically so when Omicron appeared. Protection was lower among the elderly but appeared more pronounced following symptomatic compared to asymptomatic infections. The level of estimated protection against serious disease was somewhat higher than that against infection and possibly longer lasting. Decreases in protection against reinfection, seemed primarily to be driven by viral evolution. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Michlmayr
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Gustav III:s Boulevard 40, 16973 Solna, Sweden
| | - Christian Holm Hansen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sophie Madeleine Gubbels
- Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Palle Valentiner-Branth
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Peter Bager
- Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Camilla Holten Møller
- Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Frederik Trier Møller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Legarth
- Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Kåre Mølbak
- Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 København K, Denmark
- Corresponding author at: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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HIV accelerates clonal hematopoiesis and cardiovascular aging. AIDS 2022; 36:1599-1601. [PMID: 35979832 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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192
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Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Garnica M, Accardi G, Calabrò A, Pojero F, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Fernandez-Rubio L, Ramos P, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Kochan G, Zareian N, Farzaneh F, Escors D, Caruso C, Candore G. How Can We Improve Vaccination Response in Old People? Part I: Targeting Immunosenescence of Innate Immunity Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179880. [PMID: 36077278 PMCID: PMC9456428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, being able to prevent millions of cases of infectious diseases around the world every year, is the most effective medical intervention ever introduced. However, immunosenescence makes vaccines less effective in providing protection to older people. Although most studies explain that this is mainly due to the immunosenescence of T and B cells, the immunosenescence of innate immunity can also be a significant contributing factor. Alterations in function, number, subset, and distribution of blood neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer and dendritic cells are detected in aging, thus potentially reducing the efficacy of vaccines in older individuals. In this paper, we focus on the immunosenescence of the innate blood immune cells. We discuss possible strategies to counteract the immunosenescence of innate immunity in order to improve the response to vaccination. In particular, we focus on advances in understanding the role and the development of new adjuvants, such as TLR agonists, considered a promising strategy to increase vaccination efficiency in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.P.-H.); (C.C.)
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nahid Zareian
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.-H.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Garnica M, Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Calabrò A, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Kochan G, Fernandez-Rubio L, Ramos P, Pojero F, Zareian N, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Farzaneh F, Candore G, Caruso C, Escors D. How Can We Improve the Vaccination Response in Older People? Part II: Targeting Immunosenescence of Adaptive Immunity Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9797. [PMID: 36077216 PMCID: PMC9456031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people that are 65 years old or older has been increasing due to the improvement in medicine and public health. However, this trend is not accompanied by an increase in quality of life, and this population is vulnerable to most illnesses, especially to infectious diseases. Vaccination is the best strategy to prevent this fact, but older people present a less efficient response, as their immune system is weaker due mainly to a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. The adaptive immune system is constituted by two types of lymphocytes, T and B cells, and the function and fitness of these cell populations are affected during ageing. Here, we review the impact of ageing on T and B cells and discuss the approaches that have been described or proposed to modulate and reverse the decline of the ageing adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nahid Zareian
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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194
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Morgado-Cáceres P, Liabeuf G, Calle X, Briones L, Riquelme JA, Bravo-Sagua R, Parra V. The aging of ER-mitochondria communication: A journey from undifferentiated to aged cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946678. [PMID: 36060801 PMCID: PMC9437272 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex physiology of eukaryotic cells requires that a variety of subcellular organelles perform unique tasks, even though they form highly dynamic communication networks. In the case of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, their functional coupling relies on the physical interaction between their membranes, mediated by domains known as mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs act as shuttles for calcium and lipid transfer between organelles, and for the nucleation of other subcellular processes. Of note, mounting evidence shows that they are heterogeneous structures, which display divergent behaviors depending on the cell type. Furthermore, MERCs are plastic structures that remodel according to intra- and extracellular cues, thereby adjusting the function of both organelles to the cellular needs. In consonance with this notion, the malfunction of MERCs reportedly contributes to the development of several age-related disorders. Here, we integrate current literature to describe how MERCs change, starting from undifferentiated cells, and their transit through specialization, malignant transformation (i.e., dedifferentiation), and aging/senescence. Along this journey, we will review the function of MERCs and their relevance for pivotal cell types, such as stem and cancer cells, cardiac, skeletal, and smooth myocytes, neurons, leukocytes, and hepatocytes, which intervene in the progression of chronic diseases related to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Morgado-Cáceres
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gianella Liabeuf
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Calle
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lautaro Briones
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red de Investigación en Envejecimiento Saludable, Consorcio de Universidades del Estado de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roberto Bravo-Sagua, ; Valentina Parra,
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de alta letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roberto Bravo-Sagua, ; Valentina Parra,
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195
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Ghamar Talepoor A, Doroudchi M. Immunosenescence in atherosclerosis: A role for chronic viral infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945016. [PMID: 36059478 PMCID: PMC9428721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system is a versatile and dynamic body organ which offers survival and endurance of human beings in their hostile living environment. However, similar to other cells, immune cells are hijacked by senescence. The ageing immune cells lose their beneficial functions but continue to produce inflammatory mediators which draw other immune and non-immune cells to the senescence loop. Immunosenescence has been shown to be associated with different pathological conditions and diseases, among which atherosclerosis has recently come to light. There are common drivers of both immunosenescence and atherosclerosis; e.g. inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic viral infections, genomic damage, oxidized-LDL, hypertension, cigarette smoke, hyperglycaemia, and mitochondrial failure. Chronic viral infections induce inflammaging, sustained cytokine signaling, ROS generation and DNA damage which are associated with atherogenesis. Accumulating evidence shows that several DNA and RNA viruses are stimulators of immunosenescence and atherosclerosis in an interrelated network. DNA viruses such as CMV, EBV and HBV upregulate p16, p21 and p53 senescence-associated molecules; induce inflammaging, metabolic reprogramming of infected cells, replicative senescence and telomere shortening. RNA viruses such as HCV and HIV induce ROS generation, DNA damage, induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic reprogramming of infected cells, G1 cell cycle arrest, telomere shortening, as well as epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. The newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus is also a potent inducer of cytokine storm and SASP. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 promotes senescence phenotype in endothelial cells by augmenting p16, p21, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and adhesion molecules expression. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 mega-inflammation on atherogenesis, however, remains to be investigated. In this review we focus on the common processes in immunosenescence and atherogenesis caused by chronic viral infections and discuss the current knowledge on this topic.
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196
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Cunha LL, Valsecchi VADS, Ward LS. Investigating population-level immunosenescence: From bench to bedside. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949928. [PMID: 36059504 PMCID: PMC9428264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is remodeled with aging in a process called immunosenescence. Some immunologists conceive immunosenescence as an adaptation of immunity to the aged immune-environment rather than a merely collapsed reactivity of immune cells against microbes and tumor cells. Others believe on an uninterrupted activation of the innate immune system with aging, leading to a low grade, sterile and chronic proinflammatory state called inflammaging. For instance, it is possible that chronic infection by cytomegalovirus leads to persistent production of viral load. This phenomenon offers periodic stimuli to the immune system that ultimately contribute to the remodeling of the immune response. If investigating immunosenescence at the cellular level is already a difficult task, considering the population level is much more complex. However, by studying immunosenescence at the population level, we can extract valuable results with viable applications. While studies with animal models allow scientists to deepen their understanding of the mechanisms of immunosenescence, studying large populations can bring practical innovations to medicine and the health system. Many researchers and funders have dedicated themselves to producing methods for the evaluation of immunosenescence on a large scale, aiming to elucidate new mechanisms by which diseases are established in the elderly. The description of how the immune response is remodeled with aging emerges as a new tool to identify the subset of subjects in which unhealthy aging is a matter of time, to help better individualize clinical management and select patients who may benefit. of early interventions. This review focuses on functional assays as valuable methods for measuring the remodeling of the immune response with aging and discuss their clinical impact. We also recall fundamental concepts for understanding the aging process of the immune response. In addition, we highlight future prospects for immunosenescence research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leite Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline of Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lucas Leite Cunha,
| | - Victor Alexandre dos Santos Valsecchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline of Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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Ioakeim-Skoufa I, Clerencia-Sierra M, Moreno-Juste A, Elías de Molins Peña C, Poblador-Plou B, Aza-Pascual-Salcedo M, González-Rubio F, Prados-Torres A, Gimeno-Miguel A. Multimorbidity Clusters in the Oldest Old: Results from the EpiChron Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10180. [PMID: 36011814 PMCID: PMC9408216 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multimorbidity is challenging for both patients and healthcare systems due to its increasing prevalence and high impact on people's health and well-being. The risk of multimorbidity increases with age, but there is still more to discover regarding the clinical profile of the oldest old. In this study, we used information from the EpiChron Cohort Study to identify multimorbidity patterns in individuals who died during the period 2010-2019 at the ages of 80-89, 90-99, and ≥100. This cohort links the demographic, clinical, and drug dispensation information of public health system users in Aragón, Spain. We saw a significantly lower number of chronic diseases and drugs and a lower prevalence of polypharmacy in centenarians compared to those aged 80-99. K-means clustering revealed different multimorbidity clusters by sex and age group. We observed clusters of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, obstructive pulmonary conditions, and neoplasms, amongst other profiles. One in three octogenarian women had a metabolic pattern (diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and other endocrine-metabolic disorders) with the highest number of diseases (up to seven) and prevalence of polypharmacy (64%). We observed clusters of dementia and genitourinary disorders in individuals on medication with anticholinergic activity. Our study offers an opportunity to better understand the urgency of adequately addressing multimorbidity in our older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Department of Drug Statistics, Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clerencia-Sierra
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Service (SALUD), Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Patients (REDISSEC), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Moreno-Juste
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Service (SALUD), Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Patients (REDISSEC), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Poblador-Plou
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Patients (REDISSEC), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Aza-Pascual-Salcedo
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Patients (REDISSEC), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Primary Care Pharmacy Service Zaragoza III, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), ES-50017 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisca González-Rubio
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Drug Utilization Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Patients (REDISSEC), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Prados-Torres
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Patients (REDISSEC), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Gimeno-Miguel
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Patients (REDISSEC), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), ISCIII, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Palatella M, Guillaume SM, Linterman MA, Huehn J. The dark side of Tregs during aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940705. [PMID: 36016952 PMCID: PMC9398463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last century, we have seen a dramatic rise in the number of older persons globally, a trend known as the grey (or silver) tsunami. People live markedly longer than their predecessors worldwide, due to remarkable changes in their lifestyle and in progresses made by modern medicine. However, the older we become, the more susceptible we are to a series of age-related pathologies, including infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and multi-morbidities. Therefore, a key challenge for our modern societies is how to cope with this fragile portion of the population, so that everybody could have the opportunity to live a long and healthy life. From a holistic point of view, aging results from the progressive decline of various systems. Among them, the distinctive age-dependent changes in the immune system contribute to the enhanced frailty of the elderly. One of these affects a population of lymphocytes, known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), as accumulating evidence suggest that there is a significant increase in the frequency of these cells in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) of aged animals. Although there are still discrepancies in the literature about modifications to their functional properties during aging, mounting evidence suggests a detrimental role for Tregs in the elderly in the context of bacterial and viral infections by suppressing immune responses against non-self-antigens. Interestingly, Tregs seem to also contribute to the reduced effectiveness of immunizations against many pathogens by limiting the production of vaccine-induced protective antibodies. In this review, we will analyze the current state of understandings about the role of Tregs in acute and chronic infections as well as in vaccination response in both humans and mice. Lastly, we provide an overview of current strategies for Treg modulation with potential future applications to improve the effectiveness of vaccines in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palatella
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jochen Huehn,
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199
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Vitallé J, Pérez-Gómez A, Ostos FJ, Gasca-Capote C, Jiménez-Leon MR, Bachiller S, Rivas-Jeremías I, Silva-Sánchez MDM, Ruiz-Mateos AM, Martín-Sánchez MÁ, López-Cortes LF, Rafii El Idrissi Benhnia M, Ruiz-Mateos E. Immune defects associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine response in elderly people. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161045. [PMID: 35943812 PMCID: PMC9536264 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune factors associated with impaired SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in the elderly are mostly unknown. We studied >60 and <60 years old people vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA before and after the first and second dose. Aging was associated with a lower anti-RBD IgG levels and a decreased magnitude and polyfunctionality of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response. The dramatic decrease in thymic function in aged people with >60 years of age, which fueled alteration in T cell homeostasis, and lower CD161+ T cell levels were associated with decreased T cell response two months after vaccination. Additionally, a deficient dendritic cell (DC) homing, activation and Toll like receptor (TLR)-mediated function, along with a proinflammatory functional profile in monocytes, were observed in the >60 years old group, which was also related to lower specific T cell response after vaccination. These findings might be relevant for the improvement of the current vaccination strategies and for the development of new vaccine prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitallé
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco José Ostos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Gasca-Capote
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Reyes Jiménez-Leon
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Bachiller
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rivas-Jeremías
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Silva-Sánchez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Anabel M Ruiz-Mateos
- Centro de Salud Pinillo Chico, Centro de Salud Pinillo Chico, El Puerto de Santa María, Seville, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martín-Sánchez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Fernando López-Cortes
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Mohammed Rafii El Idrissi Benhnia
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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200
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Lower vaccine-acquired immunity in the elderly population following two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination is alleviated by a third vaccine dose. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4615. [PMID: 35941158 PMCID: PMC9358634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of age on vaccinations is essential for the design and delivery of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present findings from a comprehensive analysis of multiple compartments of the memory immune response in 312 individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Two vaccine doses induce high antibody and T cell responses in most individuals. However, antibody recognition of the Spike protein of the Delta and Omicron variants is less efficient than that of the ancestral Wuhan strain. Age-stratified analyses identify a group of low antibody responders where individuals ≥60 years are overrepresented. Waning of the antibody and cellular responses is observed in 30% of the vaccinees after 6 months. However, age does not influence the waning of these responses. Taken together, while individuals ≥60 years old take longer to acquire vaccine-induced immunity, they develop more sustained acquired immunity at 6 months post-vaccination. A third dose strongly boosts the low antibody responses in the older individuals against the ancestral Wuhan strain, Delta and Omicron variants. Responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in different populations are important to define efficacy. Here the authors show using a cohort in Singapore that two doses of mRNA vaccine is less effective in recipients over 60 years of age and that a further dose of vaccine can improve these antibody levels.
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