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Zeng J, Hong Y, Zhao N, Liu Q, Zhu W, Xiao L, Wang W, Chen M, Hong S, Wu L, Xue Y, Wang D, Niu J, Drlica K, Zhao X. A broadly applicable, stress-mediated bacterial death pathway regulated by the phosphotransferase system (PTS) and the cAMP-Crp cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118566119. [PMID: 35648826 PMCID: PMC9191683 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118566119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work indicates that killing of bacteria by diverse antimicrobial classes can involve reactive oxygen species (ROS), as if a common, self-destructive response to antibiotics occurs. However, the ROS-bacterial death theory has been challenged. To better understand stress-mediated bacterial death, we enriched spontaneous antideath mutants of Escherichia coli that survive treatment by diverse bactericidal agents that include antibiotics, disinfectants, and environmental stressors, without a priori consideration of ROS. The mutants retained bacteriostatic susceptibility, thereby ruling out resistance. Surprisingly, pan-tolerance arose from carbohydrate metabolism deficiencies in ptsI (phosphotransferase) and cyaA (adenyl cyclase); these genes displayed the activity of upstream regulators of a widely shared, stress-mediated death pathway. The antideath effect was reversed by genetic complementation, exogenous cAMP, or a Crp variant that bypasses cAMP binding for activation. Downstream events comprised a metabolic shift from the TCA cycle to glycolysis and to the pentose phosphate pathway, suppression of stress-mediated ATP surges, and reduced accumulation of ROS. These observations reveal how upstream signals from diverse stress-mediated lesions stimulate shared, late-stage, ROS-mediated events. Cultures of these stable, pan-tolerant mutants grew normally and were therefore distinct from tolerance derived from growth defects described previously. Pan-tolerance raises the potential for unrestricted disinfectant use to contribute to antibiotic tolerance and resistance. It also weakens host defenses, because three agents (hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and low pH) affected by pan-tolerance are used by the immune system to fight infections. Understanding and manipulating the PtsI-CyaA-Crp–mediated death process can help better control pathogens and maintain beneficial microbiota during antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuzhi Hong
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology and School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ningqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lisheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shouqiang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yunxin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianjun Niu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
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152
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High-Dose Vitamin C for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060711. [PMID: 35745630 PMCID: PMC9231292 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the idea that Vitamin C (Vit-C) could be utilized as a form of anti-cancer therapy has generated many contradictory arguments. Recent insights into the physiological characteristics of Vit-C, its pharmacokinetics, and results from preclinical reports, however, suggest that high-dose Vit-C could be effectively utilized in the management of various tumor types. Studies have shown that the pharmacological action of Vit-C can attack various processes that cancerous cells use for their growth and development. Here, we discuss the anti-cancer functions of Vit-C, but also the potential for the use of Vit-C as an epigenetic regulator and immunotherapy enhancer. We also provide a short overview of the current state of systems for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in the context of their influencing high-dose Vit-C toxicity for the inhibition of cancer growth. Even though the mechanisms of Vit-C action are promising, they need to be supported with robust randomized and controlled clinical trials. Moreover, upcoming studies should focus on how to define the most suitable cancer patient populations for high-dose Vit-C treatments and develop effective strategies that combine Vit-C with various concurrent cancer treatment regimens.
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153
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Sautchuk R, Eliseev RA. Cell energy metabolism and bone formation. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101594. [PMID: 35669927 PMCID: PMC9162940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism plays an important role in cell and tissue ability to effectively function, maintain homeostasis, and perform repair. Yet, the role of energy metabolism in skeletal tissues in general and in bone, in particular, remains understudied. We, here, review the aspects of cell energy metabolism relevant to bone tissue, such as: i) availability of substrates and oxygen; ii) metabolism regulatory mechanisms most active in bone tissue, e.g. HIF and BMP; iii) crosstalk of cell bioenergetics with other cell functions, e.g. proliferation and differentiation; iv) role of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in osteogenic lineage; and v) most significant changes in bone energy metabolism observed in aging and other pathologies. In addition, we review available methods to study energy metabolism on a subcellular, cellular, tissue, and live animal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubens Sautchuk
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Roman A. Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
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154
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Anti-Oxidative Therapy in Islet Cell Transplantation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061038. [PMID: 35739935 PMCID: PMC9219662 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet cell transplantation has become a favorable therapeutic approach in the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes due to the lower surgical risks and potential complications compared to conventional pancreas transplantation. Despite significant improvements in islet cell transplantation outcomes, several limitations hamper long-term graft survival due to tremendous damage and loss of islet cells during the islet cell transplantation process. Oxidative stress has been identified as an omnipresent stressor that negatively affects both the viability and function of isolated islets. Furthermore, it has been established that at baseline, pancreatic β cells exhibit reduced antioxidative capacity, rendering them even more susceptible to oxidative stress during metabolic stress. Thus, identifying antioxidants capable of conferring protection against oxidative stressors present throughout the islet transplantation process is a valuable approach to improving the overall outcomes of islet cell transplantation. In this review we discuss the potential application of antioxidative therapy during each step of islet cell transplantation.
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155
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Admasu FT, Demissie B, Yitbarek GY, Geto Z, Tesfaw A, Zewde EA, Tilahun A, Walle G, Bekele TT, Habte ML, Feyisa TO, Amare TJ, Alebachew W, Asnakew S, Sisay E, Tiruneh M, Yemata GA, Aytenew TM, Dejenie TA. Evaluation of total oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity of brain tumour patients attending referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2020: a comparative cross-sectional study. Ecancermedicalscience 2022; 16:1391. [PMID: 35919224 PMCID: PMC9300404 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2022.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exact cause of brain tumours is still unknown, but disruptions of redox balance are thought to play a significant role in all stages of brain tumour development. However, the roles of free radical imbalance at different grades of brain tumour and degree of oxidative stress before and after surgery have not been addressed in prior studies. Aim A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the redox imbalance among confirmed brain tumour patients. Methods and results An institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 100 participants (50 brain tumour patients and 50 controls) at referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) (post-hoc) analysis were used and statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05. The serum oxidised glutathione and total oxidative stress were significantly higher in the serum of brain tumour patients (0.72 ± 0.03 μM/μg and 9.66 ± 1.76 μmol H2O2 Eq/L, respectively) compared to the control group (0.21 ± 0.07 μM/μg and 6.59 ± 0.81 μmol H2O2 Eq/L, respectively) (p ≤ 0.05). The serum total oxidant status gradually increased as the tumour grade increased, being higher in grade four (11.96 ± 0.72) and lower in grade one (8.43 ± 1.56), and the mean differences were statistically significant (p ≤ 0 05). A statistically significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (116.78 ± 5.03 Trolox Eq/L) was obtained in the post-surgery than pre-surgery level (79.65 ± 17.914 Trolox Eq/L) (p ≤ 0 05). Conclusion Higher oxidant and lower antioxidant levels were found in the serum of brain tumour patients than in the control group. The post-surgery oxidant level was lower than the pre-surgery state. The findings of this study could suggest that redox imbalance may have a role in the pathophysiology of brain tumours, but further experimental studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitalew Tadele Admasu
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Demissie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Yideg Yitbarek
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Wello University, Wello, 1242, Ethiopia
| | - Aragaw Tesfaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Edget Abebe Zewde
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Animut Tilahun
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Walle
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Tefera Bekele
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Haramaya University, Harer, 138, Ethiopia
| | - Mezgebu Legesse Habte
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Haramaya University, Harer, 138, Ethiopia
| | - Teka Obsa Feyisa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Haramaya University, Harer, 138, Ethiopia
| | - Tadeg Jemere Amare
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Alebachew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Asnakew
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Ermiyas Sisay
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Markeshaw Tiruneh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and medicine, Gondar University, Gondar, 196, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Atikilt Yemata
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Tigabu Munye Aytenew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and medicine, Gondar University, Gondar, 196, Ethiopia
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156
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Kannappan S, Ramachandra Bhat L, Nesakumar N, Babu KJ, Kulandaisamy AJ, Rayappan JBB. Design and Development of a Non‐Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of Glutathione. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrute Kannappan
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine KOREA (THE REPUBLIC OF)
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157
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Polonikov A, Bocharova I, Azarova I, Klyosova E, Bykanova M, Bushueva O, Polonikova A, Churnosov M, Solodilova M. The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms in Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase, a Key Enzyme of Glutathione Biosynthesis, on Ischemic Stroke Risk and Brain Infarct Size. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040602. [PMID: 35455093 PMCID: PMC9032935 DOI: 10.3390/life12040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to explore whether polymorphisms in genes encoding the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, play a role in the development of ischemic stroke (IS) and the extent of brain damage. A total of 1288 unrelated Russians, including 600 IS patients and 688 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, were enrolled for the study. Nine common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GCLC and GCLM genes were genotyped using the MassArray-4 system. SNP rs2301022 of GCLM was strongly associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke regardless of sex and age (OR = 0.39, 95%CI 0.24−0.62, p < 0.0001). Two common haplotypes of GCLM possessed protective effects against ischemic stroke risk (p < 0.01), but exclusively in nonsmoker patients. Infarct size was increased by polymorphisms rs636933 and rs761142 of GCLC. The mbmdr method enabled identifying epistatic interactions of GCLC and GCLM gene polymorphisms with known IS susceptibility genes that, along with environmental risk factors, jointly contribute to the disease risk and brain infarct size. Understanding the impact of genes and environmental factors on glutathione metabolism will allow the development of effective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Iuliia Bocharova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobedy Street, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.B.); (M.C.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital, 45a Sumskaya, 305027 Kursk, Russia
| | - Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Marina Bykanova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Olga Bushueva
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Anna Polonikova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobedy Street, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Solodilova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
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158
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Rom O, Liu Y, Finney AC, Ghrayeb A, Zhao Y, Shukha Y, Wang L, Rajanayake KK, Das S, Rashdan NA, Weissman N, Delgadillo L, Wen B, Garcia-Barrio MT, Aviram M, Kevil CG, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Zhang J, Sun D, Hayek T, Gottlieb E, Mor I, Chen YE. Induction of glutathione biosynthesis by glycine-based treatment mitigates atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102313. [PMID: 35447412 PMCID: PMC9044008 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower circulating levels of glycine are consistently reported in association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the causative role and therapeutic potential of glycine in atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of most CVDs, remain to be established. Here, following the identification of reduced circulating glycine in patients with significant coronary artery disease (sCAD), we investigated a causative role of glycine in atherosclerosis by modulating glycine availability in atheroprone mice. We further evaluated the atheroprotective potential of DT-109, a recently identified glycine-based compound with dual lipid/glucose-lowering properties. Glycine deficiency enhanced, while glycine supplementation attenuated, atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. DT-109 treatment showed the most significant atheroprotective effects and lowered atherosclerosis in the whole aortic tree and aortic sinus concomitant with reduced superoxide. In Apoe−/− mice with established atherosclerosis, DT-109 treatment significantly reduced atherosclerosis and aortic superoxide independent of lipid-lowering effects. Targeted metabolomics and kinetics studies revealed that DT-109 induces glutathione formation in mononuclear cells. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), glycine and DT-109 attenuated superoxide formation induced by glycine deficiency. This was abolished in BMDMs from glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit-deficient (Gclm−/-) mice in which glutathione biosynthesis is impaired. Metabolic flux and carbon tracing experiments revealed that glycine deficiency inhibits glutathione formation in BMDMs while glycine-based treatment induces de novo glutathione biosynthesis. Through a combination of studies in patients with CAD, in vivo studies using atherosclerotic mice and in vitro studies using macrophages, we demonstrated a causative role of glycine in atherosclerosis and identified glycine-based treatment as an approach to mitigate atherosclerosis through antioxidant effects mediated by induction of glutathione biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Alia Ghrayeb
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yousef Shukha
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Krishani K Rajanayake
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Nabil A Rashdan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Natan Weissman
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Luisa Delgadillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tony Hayek
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Inbal Mor
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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159
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Structural Effects of pH Variation and Calcium Amount on the Microencapsulation of Glutathione in Alginate Polymers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5576090. [PMID: 35463991 PMCID: PMC9020975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5576090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) has a high antioxidant capacity and is present in nearly every cell in the body, playing important roles in nutrient metabolism, antioxidant defense, and regulation of cellular events. Conversely, alginate is a macromolecule that has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and textile industries due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, and nonimmunogenicity as well as for its capabilities of retaining water and stabilizing emulsions. The primary goal of this study was to characterize and optimize the formation of a molecular complex of calcium alginate with GSH using a computational approach. As methods, we evaluated the influence of varying the amount of calcium cations at two different pHs on the structural stability of Ca2+-alginate complexes and thus on GSH liberation from these types of nanostructures. The results showed that complex stabilization depends on pH, with the system having a lower Ca2+ amount that produces the major GSH release. The systems at pH 2.5 retain more molecules within the calcium-alginate complex, which release GSH more slowly when embedded in more acidic media. In conclusions, this study demonstrates the dependence of the amount of calcium and the stabilizing effect of pH on the formation and subsequent maintenance of an alginate nanostructure. The results presented in this study can help to develop better methodological frameworks in industries where the release or capture of compounds, such as GSH in this case, depends on the conditions of the alginate nanoparticle.
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Shaheen TI, Abdelhameed MF, Zaghloul S, Montaser AS. In vivo assessment of the durable, green and in situ bio-functional cotton fabrics based carboxymethyl chitosan nanohybrid for wound healing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:485-497. [PMID: 35398385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a newly developed approach for durable antibacterial cotton fabrics coated carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs) via ionic crosslinking driven by cationization of cotton surface (CC) with 3-chloro-2-hydroxyl propyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHTAC). In this regard, the novelty was extended to impart a highly antibacterial activity through harnessing of the as-functionalized CMCs/CC in situ preparation of AgNPs, without using of hazardous reductants. The antibacterial activity of the in situ prepared AgNPs onto CMCs/CC as well as the in vivo study on the rat lab were investigated to evaluate their healing efficiency, pathological tissues and biomarkers. Results affirmed that the treatment of CC with 10% of CMCs was adequate to achieve the highest swelling ratio which, in turns, is able to in situ deposition of AgNPs with a size range of 2-10 nm onto CC/CMCs rendering them a highly durable antibacterial activity against both Gram +Ve and Gram -Ve bacteria, which had a bacterial reduction of 98% to 86% after 20 washing cycles. Furthermore, the in vivo study revealed effectively the advantageous uses of the cotton functionalized with AgNPs compared to CC/CMCs in wound healing via alleviating the oxidative stress and promoting hyaluronic acid in wounded skin as well as increasing RUNX2 in healed skin tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharwat I Shaheen
- Institute of Textile Research and Technology, National Research Centre, Scopus affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Scopus affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Saad Zaghloul
- Institute of Textile Research and Technology, National Research Centre, Scopus affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - A S Montaser
- Institute of Textile Research and Technology, National Research Centre, Scopus affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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161
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Xie D, Chen F, Zhang Y, Shi B, Song J, Chaudhari K, Yang SH, Zhang GJ, Sun X, Taylor HS, Li D, Huang Y. Let-7 underlies metformin-induced inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122217119. [PMID: 35344434 PMCID: PMC9169108 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122217119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceA clear mechanistic understanding of metformin's antidiabetic effects is lacking. This is because suprapharmacological concentrations of metformin have been used in most studies. Using mouse models and human primary hepatocytes, we show that metformin, at clinically relevant doses, suppresses hepatic glucose production by activating a conserved regulatory pathway encompassing let-7, TET3, and a fetal isoform of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α). We demonstrate that metformin no longer has potent antidiabetic actions in a liver-specific let-7 loss-of-function mouse model and that hepatic delivery of let-7 ameliorates hyperglycemia and improves glucose homeostasis. Our results thus reveal an important role of the hepatic let-7/TET3/HNF4α axis in mediating the therapeutic effects of metformin and suggest that targeting this axis may be a potential therapeutic for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Bei Shi
- Medical Basic Experimental Teaching Center, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Kiran Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Gary J. Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Hugh S. Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Zhu A, Zheng F, Zhang W, Li L, Li Y, Hu H, Wu Y, Bao W, Li G, Wang Q, Li H. Oxidation and Antioxidation of Natural Products in the Model Organism Caenorhabditiselegans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040705. [PMID: 35453390 PMCID: PMC9029379 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are small molecules naturally produced by multiple sources such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and archaea. They exert both beneficial and detrimental effects by modulating biological targets and pathways involved in oxidative stress and antioxidant response. Natural products’ oxidative or antioxidative properties are usually investigated in preclinical experimental models, including virtual computing simulations, cell and tissue cultures, rodent and nonhuman primate animal models, and human studies. Due to the renewal of the concept of experimental animals, especially the popularization of alternative 3R methods for reduction, replacement and refinement, many assessment experiments have been carried out in new alternative models. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has been used for medical research since Sydney Brenner revealed its genetics in 1974 and has been introduced into pharmacology and toxicology in the past two decades. The data from C. elegans have been satisfactorily correlated with traditional experimental models. In this review, we summarize the advantages of C. elegans in assessing oxidative and antioxidative properties of natural products and introduce methods to construct an oxidative damage model in C. elegans. The biomarkers and signaling pathways involved in the oxidative stress of C. elegans are summarized, as well as the oxidation and antioxidation in target organs of the muscle, nervous, digestive and reproductive systems. This review provides an overview of the oxidative and antioxidative properties of natural products based on the model organism C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China;
| | - Ludi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Yajiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (W.B.)
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenqiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (W.B.)
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China;
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.Z.); (H.H.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.)
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Velagic A, Li JC, Qin CX, Li M, Deo M, Marshall SA, Anderson D, Woodman OL, Horowitz JD, Kemp-Harper BK, Ritchie RH. Cardioprotective Actions of Nitroxyl Donor Angeli's Salt are Preserved in the Diabetic Heart and Vasculature in the Face of Nitric Oxide Resistance. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4117-4135. [PMID: 35365882 PMCID: PMC9540873 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The risk of fatal cardiovascular events is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A major contributor to poor prognosis is impaired nitric oxide (NO•) signalling at the level of tissue responsiveness, termed NO• resistance. This study aimed to determine if T2DM promotes NO• resistance in the heart and vasculature and whether tissue responsiveness to nitroxyl (HNO) is affected. Experimental Approach At 8 weeks of age, male Sprague–Dawley rats commenced a high‐fat diet. After 2 weeks, the rats received low‐dose streptozotocin (two intraperitoneal injections, 35 mg·kg−1, over two consecutive days) and continued on the same diet. Twelve weeks later, isolated hearts were Langendorff‐perfused to assess responses to the NO• donor diethylamine NONOate (DEA/NO) and the HNO donor Angeli's salt. Isolated mesenteric arteries were utilised to measure vascular responsiveness to the NO• donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and DEA/NO, and the HNO donor Angeli's salt. Key Results Inotropic, lusitropic and coronary vasodilator responses to DEA/NO were impaired in T2DM hearts, whereas responses to Angeli's salt were preserved or enhanced. Vasorelaxation to Angeli's salt was augmented in T2DM mesenteric arteries, which were hyporesponsive to the relaxant effects of SNP and DEA/NO. Conclusion and Implications This is the first evidence that inotropic and lusitropic responses are preserved, and NO• resistance in the coronary and mesenteric vasculature is circumvented, by the HNO donor Angeli's salt in T2DM. These findings highlight the cardiovascular therapeutic potential of HNO donors, especially in emergencies such as acute ischaemia or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anida Velagic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jasmin Chendi Li
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mandy Li
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Dovile Anderson
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Horowitz
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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164
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Hamed MA, Akhigbe TM, Akhigbe RE, Aremu AO, Oyedokun PA, Gbadamosi JA, Anifowose PE, Adewole MA, Aboyeji OO, Yisau HO, Tajudeen GO, Titiloye MM, Ayinla NF, Ajayi AF. Glutamine restores testicular glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense and upregulates NO/cGMP signaling in sleep deprivation-induced reproductive dysfunction in rats. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112765. [PMID: 35247715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked with sleep deprivation (SD)-induced pathological conditions and reproductive dysfunction. On the other hand, glutamine has been established to have antioxidant property. However, the impact of SD, with or without glutamine, on male reproductive function is yet to be elucidated. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the role of SD, with or without glutamine, on male reproductive function and possible associated mechanisms. Ten-week old male Wistar rats weighing 175.6 g± 0.42 were randomly assigned into vehicle that received per os (p.o.) distilled water, glutamine (1 g/kg; po), SD, and SD + glutamine that received treatments as glutamine and SD. Treatment/exposure lasted for 72 h. The results showed that SD led to reduced body weight, seminiferous luminal and epididymal sperm density, low sperm quality, increased testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde, uric acid, DNA fragmentation, and testicular injury markers. In addition, SD caused a reduction in reduced glutathione level and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Also, SD increased tumor necrotic factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor-kappa B levels. Furthermore SD led to impaired libido and erectile dysfunction, and suppression of circulatory nitric oxide, gonadotropins and testosterone, and penile cGMP. However, glutamine attenuated the effects induced by SD. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrate that SD induces reproductive dysfunction via glutathione-dependent defense depletion and down-regulation of NO/cGMP signaling, which was abolished by glutamine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hamed
- Brainwill Laboratories and Biomedical Services, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - T M Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - A O Aremu
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - P A Oyedokun
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - J A Gbadamosi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - P E Anifowose
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M A Adewole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O O Aboyeji
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - H O Yisau
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - G O Tajudeen
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M M Titiloye
- Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - N F Ayinla
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A F Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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165
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Sex-specific alterations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism in low birth weight adult guinea pigs. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1078-1089. [PMID: 34230622 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (LBW) have been widely reported as an independent risk factor for adult hypercholesterolaemia and increased hepatic cholesterol in a sex-specific manner. However, the specific impact of uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI), a leading cause of LBW in developed world, on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in later life, is ill defined and is clinically relevant in understanding later life liver metabolic health trajectories. METHODS Hepatic cholesterol, transcriptome, cholesterol homoeostasis regulatory proteins, and antioxidant markers were studied in UPI-induced LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) male and female guinea pigs at 150 days. RESULTS Hepatic free and total cholesterol were increased in LBW versus NBW males. Transcriptome analysis of LBW versus NBW livers revealed that "cholesterol metabolism" was an enriched pathway in LBW males but not in females. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and cytochrome P450 7A1 protein, involved in hepatic cholesterol efflux and catabolism, respectively, and catalase activity were decreased in LBW male livers. Superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in LBW males but increased in LBW females. CONCLUSIONS UPI environment is associated with a later life programed hepatic cholesterol accumulation via impaired cholesterol elimination in a sex-specific manner. These programmed alterations could underlie later life cholesterol-induced hepatic lipotoxicity in LBW male offspring. IMPACT Low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for increased hepatic cholesterol. Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) resulting in LBW increased hepatic cholesterol content, altered hepatic expression of cholesterol metabolism-related genes in young adult guinea pigs. UPI-induced LBW was also associated with markers of a compromised hepatic cholesterol elimination process and failing antioxidant system in young adult guinea pigs. These changes, at the current age studied, were sex-specific, only being observed in LBW males and not in LBW females. These programmed alterations could lead to further hepatic damage and greater predisposition to liver diseases in UPI-induced LBW male offspring as they age.
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166
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Pamies D, Wiersma D, Katt ME, Zhong L, Burtscher J, Harris G, Smirnova L, Searson PC, Hartung T, Hogberg HT. Human organotypic brain model as a tool to study chemical-induced dopaminergic neuronal toxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105719. [PMID: 35398340 PMCID: PMC9298686 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). This imbalance plays an important role in brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In the context of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta to oxidative stress is considered a key factor of PD pathogenesis. Here we study the effect of different oxidative stress-inducing compounds (6-OHDA, MPTP or MPP+) on the population of dopaminergic neurons in an iPSC-derived human brain 3D model (aka BrainSpheres). Treatment with 6-OHDA, MPTP or MPP+ at 4 weeks of differentiation disrupted the dopaminergic neuronal phenotype in BrainSpheres at (50, 5000, 1000 μM respectively). 6-OHDA increased ROS production and decreased mitochondrial function most efficiently. It further induced the greatest changes in gene expression and metabolites related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Co-culturing BrainSpheres with an endothelial barrier using a transwell system allowed the assessment of differential penetration capacities of the tested compounds and the damage they caused in the dopaminergic neurons within the BrainSpheres In conclusion, treatment with compounds known to induce PD-like phenotypes in vivo caused molecular deficits and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the BrainSphere model. This approach therefore recapitulates common animal models of neurodegenerative processes in PD at similarly high doses. The relevance as tool for drug discovery is discussed.
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167
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Mitra S, Patra T, Saha D, Ghosh P, Mustafi SM, Varghese AC, Murmu N. Sub-chronic cadmium and lead compound exposure induces reproductive toxicity and development of testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ in murine model: Attenuative effects of resveratrol. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23058. [PMID: 35362238 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium and lead are widespread, nonbiodegradable heavy metals of perpetual environmental concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate whether sub-chronic exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) and lead acetate [Pb(CH3 COO)2 ] induces reproductive toxicity and development of testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) in swiss albino mice. The effects of resveratrol to reverse the metal-induced toxicity were also analyzed. The mice were randomly divided into four groups for metal treatments and two groups received two different doses of each metal, CdCl2 (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) and Pb(CH3 COO)2 (3 and 6 mg/kg). The fourth group received oral doses of 20 mg/kg resveratrol in combination with 0.5 mg/kg CdCl2 or 6 mg/kg Pb(CH3 COO)2 for 16 weeks. Toxic effects of both metals were estimated qualitatively and quantitatively by the alterations in sperm parameters, oxidative stress markers, testicular histology, and protein expressions of the treated mice. Pronounced perturbation of sperm parameters, cellular redox balance were observed with severe distortion of testicular histo-architecture in metal exposed mice. Significant overexpression of Akt cascade and testicular GCNIS marker proteins were recorded in tissues treated with CdCl2 . Notable improvements were observed in all the evaluated parameters of resveratrol cotreated mice groups. Taken together, the findings of this study showed that long-term exposure to Cd and Pb compounds, induced acute reproductive toxicity and initiation of GCNIS development in mice. Conversely, resveratrol consumption abrogated metal-induced perturbation of spermatogenesis, testicular morphology, and the upregulation of Akt cascade proteins along with GCNIS markers, which could have induced the development of testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyashi Mitra
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines (STBA), Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapas Patra
- E. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Depanwita Saha
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines (STBA), Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Paramita Ghosh
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines (STBA), Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines (STBA), Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Huo Y, Sawant A, Tan Y, Mahdi AH, Li T, Ma H, Bhatt V, Yan R, Coleman J, Dreyfus CF, Guo JY, Mouradian MM, White E, Xia B. Tumor suppressor PALB2 maintains redox and mitochondrial homeostasis in the brain and cooperates with ATG7/autophagy to suppress neurodegeneration. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010138. [PMID: 35404932 PMCID: PMC9022806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The PALB2 tumor suppressor plays key roles in DNA repair and has been implicated in redox homeostasis. Autophagy maintains mitochondrial quality, mitigates oxidative stress and suppresses neurodegeneration. Here we show that Palb2 deletion in the mouse brain leads to mild motor deficits and that co-deletion of Palb2 with the essential autophagy gene Atg7 accelerates and exacerbates neurodegeneration induced by ATG7 loss. Palb2 deletion leads to elevated DNA damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial markers, especially in Purkinje cells, and co-deletion of Palb2 and Atg7 results in accelerated Purkinje cell loss. Further analyses suggest that the accelerated Purkinje cell loss and severe neurodegeneration in the double deletion mice are due to excessive oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, rather than DNA damage, and partially dependent on p53 activity. Our studies uncover a role of PALB2 in mitochondrial homeostasis and a cooperation between PALB2 and ATG7/autophagy in maintaining redox and mitochondrial homeostasis essential for neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Huo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Akshada Sawant
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Tan
- Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Amar H Mahdi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Tao Li
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hui Ma
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Run Yan
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jake Coleman
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Cheryl F Dreyfus
- Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bing Xia
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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169
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Chandrashekar N, Subramanian R, Thiruvengadam D. Baicalein inhibits cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis in human A549 cells and benzo(a)pyrene-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23053. [PMID: 35332611 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our current study is done to explore the possible mechanisms to elaborate on the growth inhibitory effect of baicalein (BE) in human lung carcinoma. Initially, BE (25 and 50 µM) treatment for 24 h, suppressed the viability and inhibited population growth in A549 cells. BE upholds the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with concomitant replenishment of glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. The expression level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 markedly increased after BE treatment will intimidate A549 cells proliferation by the ROS-independent pathway via the antioxidant pathway. In vivo investigations were carried out on BE (12 mg/kg, oral) in benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P; 50 mg/kg, oral) induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. BE induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by increasing the levels of cytosolic cytochrome c accompanied by upregulating the outflow of p53, Bax, and caspase-3 with a concomitant abatement in the outflow of Bcl-2 in both in vitro and in vivo. In the murine model, BE treatment hindered the countenance of proliferation-related proteins (argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions and proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Additionally, appraisal of the cell nucleus by transmission electron microscopic assessment uncovered that BE treatment adequately counteracts B(a)P-induced lung cancer cell survival. During the transition of the G0 /G1 phase, BE is arrested in the cell cycle process. This might be the cause of a substantial increase in the appearance of p21Cip1 with concomitant downregulating the expressions of CDK4, cyclin D, and cyclin E both in vitro and in vivo. Our results conclude that BE treatment induced apoptosis and repressed proliferation both in vitro and in vivo of human lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenkumar Chandrashekar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Indian Academy Degree College - Autonomous, Meganahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaki Thiruvengadam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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170
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Singh M, Barrera Adame O, Nickas M, Robison J, Khatchadourian C, Venketaraman V. Type 2 Diabetes Contributes to Altered Adaptive Immune Responses and Vascular Inflammation in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833355. [PMID: 35401518 PMCID: PMC8986985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, which initially emerged in November of 2019, wreaked havoc across the globe by leading to clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome and continues to evade current therapies today due to mutating strains. Diabetes mellitus is considered an important risk factor for progression to severe COVID disease and death, therefore additional research is warranted in this group. Individuals with diabetes at baseline have an underlying inflammatory state with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, both of which cause these individuals to have higher susceptibility to SARS- CoV2 infection. The detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 has been attributed to its ability to induce a vast cell mediated immune response leading to a surge in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This paper will be exploring the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology in individuals with diabetes and insulin resistance making them more prone to have worse outcomes after SARS- CoV2 infection, and to propose an adjunctive therapy to help combat the cytokine surge seen in COVID-19. It will also look at the immunomodulatory effects of glutathione, an antioxidant shown to reduce immune dysregulation in other diseases; Vitamin D, which has been shown to prevent COVID-19 patients from requiring more intensive care time possibly due to its ability to decrease the expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines; and steroids, which have been used as immune modulators despite their ability to exacerbate hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Singh
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Obed Barrera Adame
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Nickas
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jeremiah Robison
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Christopher Khatchadourian
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Vishwanath Venketaraman,
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171
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Photothermal/NO combination therapy from plasmonic hybrid nanotherapeutics against breast cancer. J Control Release 2022; 345:417-432. [PMID: 35331784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a plasmon-semiconductor nanotheranostic system comprising Au nanostars/graphene quantum dots (AuS/QD) hybrid nanoparticles loaded with BNN6 and surface modified with PEG-pyrene was developed for the photo-triggered hyperthermia effect and NO production as the dual modality treatment against orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer. The structure and morphology of the hybrid nanodevice was characterized and the NIR-II induced thermal response and NO production was determined. The hybrid nanodevice has shown enhanced plasmonic energy transfer from localized surface plasmonic resonance of Au nanostars to QD semiconductor that activates the BNN6 species loaded on QD surfaces, leading to the effective NO production and the gas therapy in addition to the photothermal response. The increased accumulation of the NIR-II-responsive hybrid nanotheranostic in tumor via the enhanced permeation and retention effects was confirmed by both in vivo fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. The prominent therapeutic efficacy of the photothermal/NO combination therapy from the BNN6-loaded AuS@QD nanodevice with the NIR-II laser irradiation at 1064 nm against 4T1 breast cancer was observed both in vitro and in vivo. The NO therapy for the cancer treatment was evidenced with the increased cellular nitrosative and oxidative stress, nitration of tyrosine residues of mitochondrial proteins, vessel eradication and cell apoptosis. The efficacy of the photothermal treatment was corroborated directly by severe tissue thermal ablation and tumor growth inhibition. The NIR-II triggered thermal/NO combination therapy along with the photoacoustic imaging-guided therapeutic accumulation in tumor shows prominent effect to fully inhibit tumor growth and validates the promising strategy developed in this study.
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172
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MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, and Circular RNAs in the Redox Control of Cell Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030480. [PMID: 35326131 PMCID: PMC8944605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence is critical in diverse aspects of organism life. It is involved in tissue development and homeostasis, as well as in tumor suppression. Consequently, it is tightly integrated with basic physiological processes during life. On the other hand, senescence is gradually being considered as a major contributor of organismal aging and age-related diseases. Increased oxidative stress is one of the main risk factors for cellular damages, and thus a driver of senescence. In fact, there is an intimate link between cell senescence and response to different types of cellular stress. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) is not adequately detoxified by the antioxidant defense systems. Non-coding RNAs are endogenous transcripts that govern gene regulatory networks, thus impacting both physiological and pathological events. Among these molecules, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and more recently circular RNAs are considered crucial mediators of almost all cellular processes, including those implicated in oxidative stress responses. Here, we will describe recent data on the link between ROS/RNS-induced senescence and the current knowledge on the role of non-coding RNAs in the senescence program.
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173
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Gu R, Liang A, Liao G, To I, Shehu A, Ma X. Roles of co-factors in drug-induced liver injury: drug metabolism and beyond. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:646-654. [PMID: 35221288 PMCID: PMC9132098 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains one of the major concerns for healthcare providers and patients. Unfortunately, it is difficult to predict and prevent DILI in the clinic because detailed mechanisms of DILI are largely unknown. Many risk factors have been identified for both "intrinsic" and "idiosyncratic" DILI, suggesting that cofactors are an important aspect in understanding DILI. This review outlines the cofactors that potentiate DILI and categorizes them into two types: (1) the specific cofactors that target metabolic enzymes, transporters, antioxidation defense, immune response, and liver regeneration; and (2) the general cofactors that include inflammation, age, gender, comorbidity, gut microbiota, and lifestyle. The underlying mechanisms by which cofactors potentiate DILI are also discussed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the risk factors for DILI, which can be used to predict and prevent DILI in the clinic. This work also highlights the gaps in the DILI field and provides future perspectives on the roles of cofactors in DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Gu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.G., A.S., X.M.) and School of Pharmacy (A.L., G.L., I.T.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alina Liang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.G., A.S., X.M.) and School of Pharmacy (A.L., G.L., I.T.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace Liao
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.G., A.S., X.M.) and School of Pharmacy (A.L., G.L., I.T.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabelle To
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.G., A.S., X.M.) and School of Pharmacy (A.L., G.L., I.T.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amina Shehu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.G., A.S., X.M.) and School of Pharmacy (A.L., G.L., I.T.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.G., A.S., X.M.) and School of Pharmacy (A.L., G.L., I.T.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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174
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Effect of Normobaric Hypoxia on Alterations in Redox Homeostasis, Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation, and Lysosomal Function following Acute Physical Exercise. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4048543. [PMID: 35251471 PMCID: PMC8896919 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4048543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a recognized inducer of oxidative stress during prolonged physical activity. Nevertheless, previous studies have not systematically examined the effects of normoxia and hypoxia during acute physical exercise. The study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant barrier, total antioxidant/oxidant status, oxidative and nitrosative damage, inflammation, and lysosomal function in different acute exercise protocols under normoxia and hypoxia. Fifteen competitive athletes were recruited for the study. They were subjected to two types of acute cycling exercise with different intensities and durations: graded exercise until exhaustion (GE) and simulated 30 km individual time trial (TT). Both exercise protocols were performed under normoxic and hypoxic (
) conditions. The number of subjects was determined based on our previous experiment, assuming the test
and
. We demonstrated enhanced enzymatic antioxidant systems during hypoxic exercise (GE: ↑ catalase (CAT), ↑ superoxide dismutase; TT: ↑ CAT) with a concomitant decrease in plasma reduced glutathione. In athletes exercising in hypoxia, redox status was shifted in favor of oxidation reactions (GE: ↑ total oxidant status, ↓ redox ratio), leading to increased oxidation/nitration of proteins (GE: ↑ advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ↑ ischemia-modified albumin, ↑ 3-nitrotyrosine, ↑ S-nitrosothiols; TT: ↑ AOPP) and lipids (GE: ↑ malondialdehyde). Concentrations of nitric oxide and its metabolites (peroxynitrite) were significantly higher in the plasma of hypoxic exercisers with an associated increase in inflammatory mediators (GE: ↑ myeloperoxidase, ↑ tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and lysosomal exoglycosidase activity (GE: ↑ N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase, ↑ β-glucuronidase). Our study indicates that even a single intensive exercise session disrupts the antioxidant barrier and leads to increased oxidative and nitrosative damage at the systemic level. High-intensity exercise until exhaustion (GE) alters redox homeostasis more than the less intense exercise (TT, near the anaerobic threshold) of longer duration (
min vs.
min—normoxia;
min vs.
min—hypoxia), while hypoxia significantly exacerbates oxidative stress, inflammation, and lysosomal dysfunction in athletic subjects.
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175
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Yu D, Wang F, Ye S, Yang S, Yu N, Zhou X, Zhang N. Quercitrin protects human bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:375-383. [PMID: 35799602 PMCID: PMC8864058 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by cigarette smoking (CS), with oxidative stress being one key component during its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of quercitrin (QE) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and its underlying mechanism. HBECs were treated with 2% CSE for 24 h to establish in vitro COPD cellular models. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was applied to examine protein levels and ELISA kits were used to examine contents of the indicated oxidant/antioxidant markers. The results demonstrated that CSE promoted apoptosis and suppressed viability of HBECs and QE reversed these effects. CSE caused increase in T-AOC, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase contents and decrease in MDA, reactive oxygen species , and GSH contents in HBECs, which were rescued by QE treatment. The CSE-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and elevation of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were also reversed by QE in HBECs. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was activated by CSE and further suppressed by QE in HBECs. Collectively, QE exerts a protective role in HBECs against cell apoptosis and oxidative damage via inactivation of the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway and the MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Hematology , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Fan Wang
- General Medical Department (Department of Geriatrics) , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Shuming Ye
- Department of Respiratory , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Respiratory , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Ning Yu
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061 , Hubei , China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061 , Hubei , China
| | - Nian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
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176
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The Effects of a Meldonium Pre-Treatment on the Course of the LPS-Induced Sepsis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042395. [PMID: 35216510 PMCID: PMC8924897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated and overwhelming response to an infection accompanied by the exaggerated pro-inflammatory state and metabolism disturbance leads to the fatal outcome in sepsis. Previously we showed that meldonium, an anti-ischemic drug clinically used to treat myocardial and cerebral ischemia, strongly increases mortality in faecal-induced peritonitis (FIP) in rats. We postulated that the same mechanism that is responsible for the otherwise strong anti-inflammatory effects of meldonium could be the culprit of the increased mortality. In the present study, we applied the LPS-induced model of sepsis to explore the presence of any differences from and/or similarities to the FIP model. When it comes to energy production, despite some shared similarities, it is evident that LPS and FIP models of sepsis differ greatly. A different profile of sympathoadrenal activation may account for this observation, as it was lacking in the FIP model, whereas in the LPS model it was strong enough to overcome the effects of meldonium. Therefore, choosing the appropriate model of sepsis induction is of great importance, especially if energy homeostasis is the main focus of the study. Even when differences in the experimental design of the two models are acknowledged, the role of different patterns of energy production cannot be excluded. On that account, our results draw attention to the importance of uninterrupted energy production in sepsis but also call for much-needed revisions of the current recommendations for its treatment.
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177
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Ashok A, Andrabi SS, Mansoor S, Kuang Y, Kwon BK, Labhasetwar V. Antioxidant Therapy in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Clinical Translation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020408. [PMID: 35204290 PMCID: PMC8869281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are formed as a part of normal metabolic activities but are neutralized by the endogenous antioxidants present in cells/tissue, thus maintaining the redox balance. This redox balance is disrupted in certain neuropathophysiological conditions, causing oxidative stress, which is implicated in several progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Following neuronal injury, secondary injury progression is also caused by excessive production of free radicals. Highly reactive free radicals, mainly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), damage the cell membrane, proteins, and DNA, which triggers a self-propagating inflammatory cascade of degenerative events. Dysfunctional mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions are considered a key mediator in progressive neurodegeneration. Exogenous delivery of antioxidants holds promise to alleviate oxidative stress to regain the redox balance. In this regard, natural and synthetic antioxidants have been evaluated. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, clinical translation of antioxidants as a therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. The issues could be their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport to the target tissue, and/or poor antioxidant capacity, requiring repeated and high dosing, which cannot be administered to humans because of dose-limiting toxicity. Our laboratory is investigating nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antioxidant enzymes to address some of the above issues. Apart from being endogenous, the main advantage of antioxidant enzymes is their catalytic mechanism of action; hence, they are significantly more effective at lower doses in detoxifying the deleterious effects of free radicals than nonenzymatic antioxidants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of antioxidant therapy, challenges in their clinical translation, and the role nanoparticles/drug delivery systems could play in addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushruti Ashok
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Saffar Mansoor
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youzhi Kuang
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
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178
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Probing Cell Redox State and Glutathione-Modulating Factors Using a Monochlorobimane-Based Microplate Assay. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020391. [PMID: 35204274 PMCID: PMC8869332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol compounds including predominantly glutathione (GSH) are key components of redox homeostasis, which are involved in the protection and regulation of mammalian cells. The assessment of cell redox status by means of in situ analysis of GSH in living cells is often preferable over established assays in cell lysates due to fluctuations of the GSH pool. For this purpose, we propose a microplate assay with monochlorobimane (MCB) as an available fluorescent probe for GSH, although poorly detected in the microplate format. In addition to the new procedure for improved MCB-assisted GSH detection in plate-grown cells and its verification with GSH modulators, this study provides a useful methodology for the evaluation of cell redox status probed through relative GSH content and responsiveness to both supplemented thiols and variation in oxygen pressure. The roles of extracellular interactions of thiols and natural variability of cellular glutathione on the assay performance were emphasized and discussed. The results are of broad interest in cell biology research and should be particularly useful for the characterization of pathological cells with decreased GSH status and increased oxidative status as well as redox-modulating factors.
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179
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Zheng J, Long X, Chen H, Ji Z, Shu B, Yue R, Liao Y, Ma S, Qiao K, Liu Y, Liao Y. Photoclick Reaction Constructs Glutathione-Responsive Theranostic System for Anti-Tuberculosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:845179. [PMID: 35237665 PMCID: PMC8883117 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.845179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a virulent form of an infectious disease that causes a global burden due to its high infectivity and fatality rate, especially the irrepressible threats of latent infection. Constructing an efficient strategy for the prevention and control of TB is of great significance. Fortunately, we found that granulomas are endowed with higher reducibility levels possibly caused by internal inflammation and a relatively enclosed microenvironment. Therefore, we developed the first targeted glutathione- (GSH-) responsive theranostic system (RIF@Cy5.5-HA-NG) for tuberculosis with a rifampicin- (RIF-) loaded near-infrared emission carrier, which was constructed by photoclick reaction-actuated hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction, enabling the early diagnosis of tuberculosis through granulomas-tracking. Furthermore, the loaded rifampicin was released through the dissociation of disulfide bond by the localized GSH in granulomas, realizing the targeted tuberculosis therapy and providing an especially accurate treatment mapping for tuberculosis. Thus, this targeted theranostic strategy for tuberculosis exhibits the potential to realize both granulomas-tracking and anti-infection of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judun Zheng
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Long
- Department of Science and Education, The Third People’s Hospital of Bijie City, Bijie, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Shu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yue
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yechun Liao
- Department of Science and Education, The Third People’s Hospital of Bijie City, Bijie, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Shengchao Ma, ; Kun Qiao, ; Ying Liu, ; Yuhui Liao,
| | - Kun Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Shengchao Ma, ; Kun Qiao, ; Ying Liu, ; Yuhui Liao,
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Science and Education, The Third People’s Hospital of Bijie City, Bijie, China
- *Correspondence: Shengchao Ma, ; Kun Qiao, ; Ying Liu, ; Yuhui Liao,
| | - Yuhui Liao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shengchao Ma, ; Kun Qiao, ; Ying Liu, ; Yuhui Liao,
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180
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Interactions between Radiation and One-Carbon Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031919. [PMID: 35163841 PMCID: PMC8836916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells rewire one-carbon metabolism, a central metabolic pathway, to turn nutritional inputs into essential biomolecules required for cancer cell growth and maintenance. Radiation therapy, a common cancer therapy, also interacts and alters one-carbon metabolism. This review discusses the interactions between radiation therapy, one-carbon metabolism and its component metabolic pathways.
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181
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Yang C, Wei J, Cao G, Cai Z. Lipid metabolism dysfunction and toxicity of BDE-47 exposure in white adipose tissue revealed by the integration of lipidomics and metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150350. [PMID: 34555606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is one of the main and toxic congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) family and considered to be associated with the development of obesity. However, little is known about its direct metabolic alterations on white adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, we evaluated the impacts of BDE-47 exposure on WAT dysfunctions in mice fed with low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) by the integration analysis of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics. The results showed that BDE-47 exposure together with HFD intervention induced adipocyte hypertrophy and accelerated the weight gain of WAT, whereas no obvious effects were observed in mice fed with LFD. The combination of BDE-47 and HFD induced intolerable levels of metabolites in purine and glutathione metabolism pathways, sufficient to increase oxidative stress in WAT. Importantly, continuous exposure of BDE-47 in HFD -fed mice caused lipid metabolism dysfunction by promoting fatty acid uptake and de novo synthesis and suppressing β-oxidation, ultimately leading to the accumulation of saturated fatty acids, triglycerides in WAT. At the same time, BDE-47 increased inflammatory infiltration into WAT, consequently promoting the productions of cytokines, TNFα and IL-6, in HFD fed mice. It is found that dysfunction of lipid metabolism and increasing inflammation led to lipotoxicity in WAT and severe obesity in HFD mice. Taken together, our findings deepen the understanding of the obesogenic effect of BDE-47 and help identify new potential strategies for clarifying the molecular and metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juntong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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182
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Sengupta S, Nath R, Bhattacharjee A. Characterizing the effect of S-nitrosoglutathione on Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Upregulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and inactivation of aconitase. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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183
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Matar Al-Harbi M, Al-Jeryan K, Al-Shabanah OA, Alhosaini KA, Saif Alqahtani L, Afzal M, Khalid Anwer MD, Aldossari AA, Alanazi MM, Alsanea S, Assiri MA. Protective effect of Apremilast against LPS-induced acute lung injury via modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation: Possible involvement of Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3414-3424. [PMID: 35844406 PMCID: PMC9280219 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung injuries are attributed due to exposure to Drugs or chemicals. One of the important challenging situations for the clinicians is to manage treatments of different diseases with acute lung injury (ALI). The objective of this study was to investigate the possible protective mechanisms and action of a novel Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor “Apremilast” (AP) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. Blood sample from each animals were collected in a vacuum blood collection tube. The rat lungs were isolated for oxidative stress assessment, western blot analysis and their mRNA expressions using RT-PCR. Exposure of LPS in rats causes significant increase in oxidative stress, activates the pro-inflammatory cytokines release like tissue necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), modulated gene expression, protein expression and histopathological changes which were reversed by administration of AP. Finding of the research enlighten the protective role of AP against LPS-induced ALI.
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184
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated iron-dependent cell death mechanism accompanied by the accumulation of peroxidized phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylethanolamine, in the cell. It occurs due to the disbalance between production and elimination of oxidized phospholipids in response to ferroptotic stimuli. A growing body of recent studies indicates that ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases leading to organ/tissue abnormalities. Due to their central role in ATP synthesis, ROS production, iron homeostasis, and redox status, mitochondria have been proposed to mediate ferroptotic signaling pathways. However, precise mechanisms underlying the potential role of mitochondria in ferroptosis remain unrevealed. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the contribution of mitochondria to ferroptotic cell death and highlights future directions elucidating the mitochondria as a promising target to prevent cell death through blocking ferroptosis.
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185
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Nitric Oxide Resistance in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Involves Regulation of Glucose Consumption, Glutathione Metabolism and Abundance of Pentose Phosphate Pathway Enzymes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020277. [PMID: 35204161 PMCID: PMC8868067 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis production of cytokines, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) by host macrophages normally lead to parasite death. However, some Leishmania braziliensis strains exhibit natural NO resistance. NO-resistant strains cause more lesions and are frequently more resistant to antimonial treatment than NO-susceptible ones, suggesting that NO-resistant parasites are endowed with specific mechanisms of survival and persistence. To tests this, we analyzed the effect of pro- and antioxidant molecules on the infectivity in vitro of L. braziliensis strains exhibiting polar phenotypes of resistance or susceptibility to NO. In addition, we conducted a comprehensive quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of those parasites. NO-resistant parasites were more infective to peritoneal macrophages, even in the presence of high levels of reactive species. Principal component analysis of protein concentration values clearly differentiated NO-resistant from NO-susceptible parasites, suggesting that there are natural intrinsic differences at molecular level among those strains. Upon NO exposure, NO-resistant parasites rapidly modulated their proteome, increasing their total protein content and glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Furthermore, NO-resistant parasites showed increased glucose analogue uptake, and increased abundance of phosphotransferase and G6PDH after nitrosative challenge, which can contribute to NADPH pool maintenance and fuel the reducing conditions for the recovery of GSH upon NO exposure. Thus, increased glucose consumption and GSH-mediated redox capability may explain the natural resistance of L. braziliensis against NO.
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186
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Goel Y, Fouda R, Gupta K. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Emerging Role of Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020265. [PMID: 35204148 PMCID: PMC8868275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant dose-limiting long-term sequela in cancer patients undergoing treatment, often leading to discontinuation of treatment. No established therapy exists to prevent and/or ameliorate CIPN. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysregulation have been proposed to underlie the pathobiology of CIPN. However, interventions to prevent and treat CIPN are largely ineffective. Additional factors and mechanism-based targets need to be identified to develop novel strategies to target CIPN. The role of oxidative stress appears to be central, but the contribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remains under-examined in the pathobiology of CIPN. This review describes the significance of ER stress and its contribution to CIPN, the protective role of herbal agents in countering ER stress in nervous system-associated disorders, and their possible repurposing for preventing CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugal Goel
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Raghda Fouda
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.G.); (R.F.)
- VA Medical Center, Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence:
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187
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Khayat MT, Omar AM, Ahmed F, Khan MI, Ibrahim SM, Muhammad YA, Malebari AM, Neamatallah T, El-Araby ME. Insights on Cancer Cell Inhibition, Subcellular Activities, and Kinase Profile of Phenylacetamides Pending 1 H-Imidazol-5-One Variants. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794325. [PMID: 35069208 PMCID: PMC8766756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural changes of small-molecule drugs may bring interesting biological properties, especially in the field of kinase inhibitors. We sought to study tirbanibulin, a first-in-class dual Src kinase (non-ATP competitive)/tubulin inhibitor because there was not enough reporting about its structure–activity relationships (SARs). In particular, the present research is based on the replacement of the outer ring of the biphenyl system of 2-[(1,1′-biphenyl)-4-yl]-N-benzylacetamide, the identified pharmacophore of KX chemotype, with a heterocyclic ring. The newly synthesized compounds showed a range of activities in cell-based anticancer assays, agreeing with a clear SAR profile. The most potent compound, (Z)-N-benzyl-4-[4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]phenylacetamide (KIM-161), demonstrated cytotoxic IC50 values at 294 and 362 nM against HCT116 colon cancer and HL60 leukemia cell lines, respectively. Profiling of this compound (aqueous solubility, liver microsomal stability, cytochrome P450 inhibition, reactivity with reduced glutathione, and plasma protein binding) confirmed its adequate drug-like properties. Mechanistic studies revealed that this compound does not depend on tubulin or Src kinase inhibition as a factor in forcing HL60 to exit its cell cycle and undergo apoptosis. Instead, KIM-161 downregulated several other kinases such as members of BRK, FLT, and JAK families. It also strongly suppresses signals of ERK1/2, GSK-3α/β, HSP27, and STAT2, while it downregulated AMPKα1 phosphorylation within the HL60 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that phenylacetamide-1H-imidazol-5-one (KIM-161) could be a promising lead compound for further clinical anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan T Khayat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsattar M Omar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.,Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad I Khan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara M Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra A Muhammad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah M Malebari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa E El-Araby
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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188
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Chibh S, Kaur K, Gautam UK, Panda JJ. Dimension switchable auto-fluorescent peptide-based 1D and 2D nano-assemblies and their self-influence on intracellular fate and drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:715-735. [PMID: 34937079 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06768k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The production of dynamic, environment-responsive shape-tunable biomaterials marks a significant step forward in the construction of synthetic materials that can easily rival their natural counterparts. Significant progress has been made in the self-assembly of bio-materials. However, the self-assembly of a peptide into morphologically distinct auto-fluorescent nanostructures, without the incorporation of any external moiety is still in its infancy. Hence, in this study, we have developed peptide-based self-assembled auto-fluorescent nanostructures that can shuttle between 1D and 2D morphologies. Different morphological nanostructures are well known to have varied cellular internalization efficiencies. Taking advantage of our morphologically different particles emanating from the same peptide monomer, we further explored the intracellular fate of our nanostructures. We observed that the nanostructures' cellular internalization is a complex process that gets influenced by particle morphology and this might further affect their intracellular drug delivery potential. Overall, this study provides initial cues for the preparation of environment-responsive shape-shifting peptide-nano assemblies. Efforts have also been made to understand their shape driven cellular uptake behaviour, along with establishing them as nanocarriers for the cellular delivery of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Chibh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ujjal K Gautam
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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189
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Harnessing oxidative stress for anti-glioma therapy. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105281. [PMID: 35038460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioma cells use intermediate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) for growth and invasion, and suppressing these reactive molecules thus may compromise processes that are vital for glioma survival. Increased oxidative stress has been identified in glioma cells, in particular in glioma stem-like cells. Studies have shown that these cells harbor potent antioxidant defenses, although endogenous protection against nitrosative stress remains understudied. The enhancement of oxidative or nitrosative stress offers a potential target for triggering glioma cell death, but whether oxidative and nitrosative stresses can be combined for therapeutic effects requires further research. The optimal approach of harnessing oxidative stress for anti-glioma therapy should include the induction of free radical-induced oxidative damage and the suppression of antioxidant defense mechanisms selectively in glioma cells. However, selective induction of oxidative/nitrosative stress in glioma cells remains a therapeutic challenge, and research into selective drug delivery systems is ongoing. Because of multifactorial mechanisms of glioma growth, progression, and invasion, prospective oncological therapies may include not only therapeutic oxidative/nitrosative stress but also inhibition of oncogenic kinases, antioxidant molecules, and programmed cell death mediators.
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190
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Oakley KM, Lehane RL, Zhao Z, Kim E. Dioxygen reactivity of a biomimetic [4Fe-4S] compound exhibits [4Fe-4S] to [2Fe-2S] cluster conversion. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 228:111714. [PMID: 35032923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fumarate and nitrate reductase (FNR) is a gene regulatory protein that controls anaerobic to aerobic respiration in Escherichia coli, for which O2 serves as a control switch to induce a protein structural change by converting [4Fe-4S] cofactors to [2Fe-2S] clusters. Although biomimetic models can aid in understanding the complex functions of their protein counterparts, the inherent sensitivity of discrete [Fe-S] molecules to aerobic conditions poses a unique challenge to mimic the O2-sensing capability of FNR. Herein, we report unprecedented biomimetic O2 reactivity of a discrete [4Fe-4S] complex, [Fe4S4(SPhF)4]2- (1) where SPhF is 4-fluorothiophenolate, in which the reaction of 1 with O2(g) in the presence of thiolate produces its [2Fe-2S] analogue, [Fe2S2(SPhF)4]2- (2), at room temperature. The cluster conversion of 1 to 2 can also be achieved by employing disulfide as an oxidant under the same reaction conditions. The [4Fe-4S] to [2Fe-2S] cluster conversion by O2 was found to be significantly faster than that by disulfide, while the reaction with disulfide produced higher yields of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kady M Oakley
- Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Ryan L Lehane
- Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America.
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191
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Zhu J, Zhang Y, Ren R, Sanford LD, Tang X. Blood transcriptome analysis: Ferroptosis and potential inflammatory pathways in post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:841999. [PMID: 36276334 PMCID: PMC9581323 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptome-wide analysis of peripheral blood in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicates widespread changes in immune-related pathways and function. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death, is closely related to oxidative stress. However, little is known as to whether ferroptosis plays a role in PTSD. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive analysis of combined data from six independent peripheral blood transcriptional studies in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, covering PTSD and control individuals. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted by comparing PTSD patients with control individuals, from which 29 ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were cross-matched and obtained. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model with Bayesian Optimization, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression were utilized to construct a PTSD prediction model. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT revealed the disturbed immunologic state in PTSD high-risk patients. RESULTS Three crucial FRGs (ACSL4, ACO1, and GSS) were identified and used to establish a predictive model of PTSD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve verifies its risk prediction ability. Remarkably, ssGSEA and CIBERSORT demonstrated changes in cellular immunity and antigen presentation depending on the FRGs model. CONCLUSION These findings collectively provide evidence that ferroptosis may change immune status in PTSD and be related to the occurrence of PTSD, which may help delineate mechanisms and discover treatment biomarkers for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ren
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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192
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De Marco G, Brandão F, Pereira P, Pacheco M, Cappello T. Organ-Specific Metabolome Deciphering Cell Pathways to Cope with Mercury in Wild Fish (Golden Grey Mullet Chelon auratus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:79. [PMID: 35011185 PMCID: PMC8749613 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful approach in evaluating the health status of organisms in ecotoxicological studies. However, metabolomics data reflect metabolic variations that are attributable to factors intrinsic to the environment and organism, and it is thus crucial to accurately evaluate the metabolome of the tissue/organ examined when it is exposed to no stressor. The metabolomes of the liver and gills of wild golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus) from a reference area were analyzed and compared by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics. Both organs were characterized by amino acids, carbohydrates, osmolytes, nucleosides and their derivatives, and miscellaneous metabolites. However, similarities and differences were revealed in their metabolite profile and related to organ-specific functions. Taurine was predominant in both organs due to its involvement in osmoregulation in gills, and detoxification and antioxidant protective processes in liver. Environmental exposure to mercury (Hg) triggered multiple and often differential metabolic alterations in fish organs. Disturbances in ion-osmoregulatory processes were highlighted in the gills, whereas differential impairments between fish organs were pointed out in energy-producing metabolic pathways, protein catabolism, membrane stabilization processes, and antioxidant defense system, reflecting the induction of organ-specific adaptive and defensive strategies. Overall, a strict correlation between metabolites and organ-specific functions of fish gills and liver were discerned in this study, as well as organ-specific cytotoxicity mechanisms of Hg in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.B.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.B.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.B.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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193
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Lespay-Rebolledo C, Tapia-Bustos A, Perez-Lobos R, Vio V, Casanova-Ortiz E, Farfan-Troncoso N, Zamorano-Cataldo M, Redel-Villarroel M, Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Israel Y, Morales P, Herrera-Marschitz M. Sustained Energy Deficit Following Perinatal Asphyxia: A Shift towards the Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (TIGAR)-Dependent Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Postnatal Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:74. [PMID: 35052577 PMCID: PMC8773255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Labor and delivery entail a complex and sequential metabolic and physiologic cascade, culminating in most circumstances in successful childbirth, although delivery can be a risky episode if oxygen supply is interrupted, resulting in perinatal asphyxia (PA). PA causes an energy failure, leading to cell dysfunction and death if re-oxygenation is not promptly restored. PA is associated with long-term effects, challenging the ability of the brain to cope with stressors occurring along with life. We review here relevant targets responsible for metabolic cascades linked to neurodevelopmental impairments, that we have identified with a model of global PA in rats. Severe PA induces a sustained effect on redox homeostasis, increasing oxidative stress, decreasing metabolic and tissue antioxidant capacity in vulnerable brain regions, which remains weeks after the insult. Catalase activity is decreased in mesencephalon and hippocampus from PA-exposed (AS), compared to control neonates (CS), in parallel with increased cleaved caspase-3 levels, associated with decreased glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity, a shift towards the TIGAR-dependent pentose phosphate pathway, and delayed calpain-dependent cell death. The brain damage continues long after the re-oxygenation period, extending for weeks after PA, affecting neurons and glial cells, including myelination in grey and white matter. The resulting vulnerability was investigated with organotypic cultures built from AS and CS rat newborns, showing that substantia nigra TH-dopamine-positive cells from AS were more vulnerable to 1 mM of H2O2 than those from CS animals. Several therapeutic strategies are discussed, including hypothermia; N-acetylcysteine; memantine; nicotinamide, and intranasally administered mesenchymal stem cell secretomes, promising clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile;
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Valentina Vio
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Nancy Farfan-Troncoso
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Marta Zamorano-Cataldo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Martina Redel-Villarroel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Maria Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
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194
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Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Clinical Evidence of N-Acetyl Cysteine Protective Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3320325. [PMID: 34912495 PMCID: PMC8668310 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3320325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key pathological feature implicated in both acute and chronic liver diseases, including drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The latter describes hepatic injury arising as a direct toxic effect of administered drugs or their metabolites. Although still underreported, DILI remains a significant cause of liver failure, especially in developed nations. Currently, it is understood that mitochondrial-generated oxidative stress and abnormalities in phase I/II metabolism, leading to glutathione (GSH) suppression, drive the onset of DILI. N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) has attracted a lot of interest as a therapeutic agent against DILI because of its strong antioxidant properties, especially in relation to enhancing endogenous GSH content to counteract oxidative stress. Thus, in addition to updating information on the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in oxidative-induced hepatic injury, the current review critically discusses clinical evidence on the protective effects of NAC against DILI, including the reduction of patient mortality. Besides injury caused by paracetamol, NAC can also improve liver function in relation to other forms of liver injury such as those induced by excessive alcohol intake. The implicated therapeutic mechanisms of NAC extend from enhancing hepatic GSH levels to reducing biomarkers of paracetamol toxicity such as keratin-18 and circulating caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18. However, there is still lack of evidence confirming the benefits of using NAC in combination with other therapies in patients with DILI.
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195
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Ottolenghi S, Milano G, Cas MD, Findley TO, Paroni R, Corno AF. Can Erythropoietin Reduce Hypoxemic Neurological Damages in Neonates With Congenital Heart Defects? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770590. [PMID: 34912224 PMCID: PMC8666450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD), the most common cause of birth defects with increasing birth prevalence, affect nearly 1% of live births worldwide. Cyanotic CHD are characterized by hypoxemia, with subsequent reduced oxygen delivery to the brain, especially critical during brain development, beginning in the fetus and continuing through the neonatal period. Therefore, neonates with CHD carry a high risk for neurological comorbidities, even more frequently when there are associated underlying genetic disorders. We review the currently available knowledge on potential prevention strategies to reduce brain damage induced by hypoxemia during fetal development and immediately after birth, and the role of erythropoietin (EPO) as a potential adjunctive treatment. Maternal hyper-oxygenation had been studied as a potential therapeutic to improve fetal oxygenation. Despite demonstrating some effectiveness, maternal hyper-oxygenation has proven to be impractical for extensive clinical application, thus prompting the investigation of specific pathways for pharmacological intervention. Among those, the role of antioxidant pathways and Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF) have been studied for their involvement in the protective response to hypoxic injury. One of the proteins induced by HIF, EPO, has properties of being anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and protective for neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In human trials, EPO administration in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) significantly reduced the neurological hypoxemic damages in several reported studies. Currently, it is unknown if the mechanisms of pathophysiology of cyanotic CHD are like HIE. Neonates with cyanotic CHD are exposed to both chronic hypoxemia and episodes of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury when undergo cardiopulmonary bypass surgery requiring aortic cross-clamp and general anesthesia. Our review supports future trials to evaluate the potential efficiency of EPO in reducing the hypoxemic neurologic damages in neonates with CHD. Furthermore, it suggests the need to identify early biomarkers of hypoxia-induced neurological damage, which must be sensitive to the neuroprotective effects of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tina O Findley
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Heart Institute, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio F Corno
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Heart Institute, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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196
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Chen Y, Chen M, Zhai T, Zhou H, Zhou Z, Liu X, Yang S, Yang H. Glutathione-Responsive Chemodynamic Therapy of Manganese(III/IV) Cluster Nanoparticles Enhanced by Electrochemical Stimulation via Oxidative Stress Pathway. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 33:152-163. [PMID: 34905922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Escalating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a tumor microenvironment is one of the effective strategies to improve the efficacy of anticancer therapy. In this work, manganese cluster nanoparticles (Mn12) encapsulated with heparin (Mn12-heparin) were developed as a chemodynamic therapeutic agent for cancer treatment by raising ROS levels in tumor cells via cascade reactions. The manganese cluster is a cluster of mixed valence (III/IV) with acetate as the ligand. The cluster is readily subject to reduction by glutathione (GSH) to release Mn(II), which reacts with H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals via a Fenton-like pathway. The generation of hydroxyl radicals could be enhanced by the stimulation of an external alternative electric field during which GSH acts as an electron mediator to enhance the release of Mn(II) from the cluster. The relatively high levels of both H2O2 and GSH and the acidic environment in tumor cells strengthen its specificity when the manganese cluster system is employed to suppress or eliminate tumors. Both in vitro and in vivo results suggest that, in addition to the cytotoxicity imposed by the raised ROS level due to the presence of Mn(II) species, the depletion of endogenous GSH leads indirectly to the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), consequently raising the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level to cause ferroptosis. The apoptosis and ferroptosis jointly render the manganese-based agent potent efficacy with tumor-targeting specificity in antitumor treatment under electric stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Laboratory on Resource, Chemistry of Ministry Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Laboratory on Resource, Chemistry of Ministry Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Laboratory on Resource, Chemistry of Ministry Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Laboratory on Resource, Chemistry of Ministry Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Laboratory on Resource, Chemistry of Ministry Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Shiping Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Laboratory on Resource, Chemistry of Ministry Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Laboratory on Resource, Chemistry of Ministry Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
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197
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Paraiso IL, Mattio LM, Alcázar Magaña A, Choi J, Plagmann LS, Redick MA, Miranda CL, Maier CS, Dallavalle S, Kioussi C, Blakemore PR, Stevens JF. Xanthohumol Pyrazole Derivative Improves Diet-Induced Obesity and Induces Energy Expenditure in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1782-1793. [PMID: 34927010 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The energy intake exceeding energy expenditure (EE) results in a positive energy balance, leading to storage of excess energy and weight gain. Here, we investigate the potential of a newly synthesized compound as an inducer of EE for the management of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid from hops, was used as a precursor for the synthesis of a pyrazole derivative tested for its properties on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic impairments. In a comparative study with XN, we report that 4-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (XP) uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in C2C12 cells. In HFD-fed mice, XP improved glucose tolerance and decreased weight gain by increasing EE and locomotor activity. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we assessed the effects of treatment on metabolites and their corresponding biochemical pathways. We found that XP and XN reduced purine metabolites and other energy metabolites in the plasma of HFD-fed mice. The induction of locomotor activity was associated with an increase in inosine monophosphate in the cortex of XP-treated mice. Together, these results suggest that XP, better than XN, affects mitochondrial respiration and cellular energy metabolism to prevent obesity in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines L Paraiso
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Luce M Mattio
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Layhna S Plagmann
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Margaret A Redick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Paul R Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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198
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Tang XH, Melis M, Lu C, Rappa A, Zhang T, Jessurun J, Gross SS, Gudas LJ. A retinoic acid receptor β2 agonist attenuates transcriptome and metabolome changes underlying nonalcohol-associated fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101331. [PMID: 34688661 PMCID: PMC8626588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcohol-associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive hepatic accumulation of fat that can progress to steatohepatitis, and currently, therapeutic options are limited. Using a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model of NAFLD, we determined the effects of the synthetic retinoid, AC261066, a selective retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2) agonist, on the global liver transcriptomes and metabolomes of mice with dietary-induced obesity (DIO) using genome-wide RNA-seq and untargeted metabolomics. We found that AC261066 limits mRNA increases in several presumptive NAFLD driver genes, including Pklr, Fasn, Thrsp, and Chchd6. Importantly, AC261066 limits the increases in the transcript and protein levels of KHK, a key enzyme for fructose metabolism, and causes multiple changes in liver metabolites involved in fructose metabolism. In addition, in cultured murine hepatocytes, where exposure to fructose and palmitate results in a profound increase in lipid accumulation, AC261066 limits this lipid accumulation. Importantly, we demonstrate that in a human hepatocyte cell line, RARβ is required for the inhibitory effects of AC261066 on palmitate-induced lipid accumulation. Finally, our data indicate that AC261066 inhibits molecular events underpinning fibrosis and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, changes in the transcriptome and metabolome indicate that AC261066 affects molecular changes underlying multiple aspects of NAFLD, including steatosis and fibrosis. Therefore, we suggest that AC261066 may have potential as an effective therapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Changyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Rappa
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jose Jessurun
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven S Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
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199
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BK Polyomavirus Activates HSF1 Stimulating Human Kidney Hek293 Cell Proliferation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9176993. [PMID: 34845419 PMCID: PMC8627348 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9176993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Some DNA viruses, such as BKPyV, are capable of inducing neoplastic transformation in human tissues through still unclear mechanisms. The goal of this study is to investigate the carcinogenic potential of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in human embryonic kidney 293 (Hek293) cells, dissecting the molecular mechanism that determines the neoplastic transformation. Materials and Methods BKPyV, isolated from urine samples of infected patients, was used to infect monolayers of Hek293 cells. Subsequently, intracellular redox changes, GSH/GSSH concentration by HPLC, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production were monitored. Moreover, to understand the signaling pathway underlying the neoplastic transformation, the redox-sensitive HFS1-Hsp27 molecular axis was examined using the flavonoid quercetin and polishort hairpin RNA technologies. Results The data obtained show that while BKPyV replication is closely linked to the transcription factor p53, the increase in Hek293 cell proliferation is due to the activation of the signaling pathway mediated by HSF1-Hsp27. In fact, its inhibition blocks viral replication and cell growth, respectively. Conclusions The HSF1-Hsp27 signaling pathway is involved in BKPyV infection and cellular replication and its activation, which could be involved in cell transformation.
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200
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Determination of penicillamine, tiopronin and glutathione in pharmaceutical formulations by kinetic spectrophotometry. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:619-630. [PMID: 36651552 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel and simple method for the determination of penicillamine (PEN), tiopronin (mercaptopropionyl glycine, MPG) and glutathione (GSH) in pharmaceutical formulations by kinetic spectrophotometry has been developed and validated. It is based on the redox reaction where the thiol compound (RSH) reduces CuII-neocuproine complex to CuI-neocuproine complex. The non-steady state signal of the formed CuI- neocuproine complex is measured at 458 nm. The initial rate and fixed time (at 1 min) methods were validated. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range from 8.0 × 10‒7 to 8.0 × 10‒5 mol L-1 for the initial rate method and from 6.0 × 10‒7 to 6.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 for the fixed time method, with the detection limits of 2.4 × 10-7 and 1.4 × 10‒7 mol L-1, resp. Levels of PEN, MPG and GSH in pharmaceutical formulations were successfully assayed by both methods. The advantages of the presented methods include sensitivity, short analysis time, ease of application and low cost.
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