151
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Igwe EO, Charlton KE, Probst YC. Usual dietary anthocyanin intake, sources and their association with blood pressure in a representative sample of Australian adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 32:578-590. [PMID: 30916431 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins represent an important subgroup of non-nutritive components of food as evidence continues to build related to their beneficial bioactive effects. Using a recently developed Australian anthocyanin database, the present study aimed to estimate the intake of both total anthocyanins and their subclasses, identify food sources of anthocyanins, and determine associations between anthocyanin intake and measured blood pressure (BP). METHODS The present study comprised a secondary analysis of the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity component of the Australian Health Survey. Anthocyanin intake was estimated using an Australian anthocyanin database. Usual anthocyanin intake, as estimated from 24-h diet recall data, was computed using multiple source methods, whereas food sources were determined by calculating contribution of food groups to total anthocyanin intake. Regression analysis, adjusted for covariates (age, gender, body mass index, high BP diagnosis, smoking status and physical activity) assessed the relationship between anthocyanin intake and BP in adults aged ≥50 years. RESULTS Mean anthocyanin intake was 24.17 ± 0.32 mg day-1 . Across age groups, berries were the top sources: blackberry (5-65%), cherry (2-24%), blueberry (2-13%) and raspberry (3-12%). There was a significant inverse association between anthocyanin intake and systolic BP (β = -0.04, F = 16.8, d.f. = 6, r2 = 0.05, P < 0.01) and diastolic BP (β = 0.01, F = 5.35, d.f. = 6, R2 = 0.013, P < 0.01), in models that adjusted for covariates. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with the world composite database, anthocyanin intake in the Australian population was above average [mean (SD): 24.17 (0.32) mg day-1 versus 18.05 (21.14) mg day-1 ]. Berries were the primary source of anthocyanins. Anthocyanin intake in older adults aged ≥50 years was inversely associated with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Igwe
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - K E Charlton
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Y C Probst
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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152
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Kokubo Y, Padmanabhan S, Iwashima Y, Yamagishi K, Goto A. Gene and environmental interactions according to the components of lifestyle modifications in hypertension guidelines. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:19. [PMID: 30857519 PMCID: PMC6410507 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for hypertension consist of lifestyle and genetic factors. Family history and twin studies have yielded heritability estimates of BP in the range of 34–67%. The most recent paper of BP GWAS has explained about 20% of the population variation of BP. An overestimation of heritability may have occurred in twin studies due to violations of shared environment assumptions, poor phenotyping practices in control cohorts, failure to account for epistasis, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and other non-genetic sources of phenotype modulation that are suspected to lead to underestimations of heritability in GWAS. The recommendations of hypertension guidelines in major countries consist of the following elements: weight reduction, a healthy diet, dietary sodium reduction, increasing physical activity, quitting smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption. The hypertension guidelines are mostly the same for each country or region, beyond race and culture. In this review, we summarize gene-environmental interactions associated with hypertension by describing lifestyle modifications according to the hypertension guidelines. In the era of precision medicine, clinicians who are responsible for hypertension management should consider the gene-environment interactions along with the appropriate lifestyle components toward the prevention and treatment of hypertension. We briefly reviewed the interaction of genetic and environmental factors along the constituent elements of hypertension guidelines, but a sufficient amount of evidence has not yet accumulated, and the results of genetic factors often differed in each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan. .,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yoshio Iwashima
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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153
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Fruit, vegetable intake and blood pressure trajectories in older age. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 33:671-678. [PMID: 30842546 PMCID: PMC6760602 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diet rich in fruits and vegetables (F&V) is an established protective factor for hypertension, but the available evidence regarding the impact of F&V consumption on age-related blood pressure change is limited. We examined whether systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure trajectories are influenced by F&V intakes in an ageing Russian cohort. Dietary data was available for 8997 men and women in the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort study. Blood pressure measurements were taken at three time-points over 12 years of follow-up, during which time the mean age of the sample changed from 58 to 69 years. The relationships between F&V intake and SBP and DBP were assessed using mixed-effect multilevel models. In the multivariable adjusted models, fruit intake was inversely related to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline (mean SBP and DBP was 3.5 mmHg and 1.4 mm Hg lower in the highest compared to the lowest intake tertiles, respectively (both p values < 0.001)). However, it was not associated with blood pressure change over time (difference in annual SBP and DBP change was 0.11 mmHg (p value = 0.138) and 0.01 mmHg (p value = 0.894), respectively). We found no significant link between vegetable intake and blood pressure, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally. In addition to the association with diet, we observed increasing SBP and mostly steady DBP over age, with deceleration and downward turn after the ages of 55–59 years. On the whole, this analysis found no consistent association between F&V intake and trajectories of blood pressure in older age.
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154
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Nier A, Brandt A, Rajcic D, Bruns T, Bergheim I. Short-Term Isocaloric Intake of a Fructose- but not Glucose-Rich Diet Affects Bacterial Endotoxin Concentrations and Markers of Metabolic Health in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800868. [PMID: 30570214 PMCID: PMC6590154 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary pattern and impairments of intestinal barrier function are discussed to be critical in the development of metabolic impairments. Here, it is determined if an isocaloric exchange of complex carbohydrates with monosaccharides affects markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic health in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS After a dietary standardization for 4 days, all 12 subjects aged 21-33 years receive an isocaloric fructose- and glucose-enriched diet for 3 days separated by a wash-out phase. Anthropometry, blood pressure, markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic as well as inflammatory parameters are determined in blood samples or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at baseline, after standardizations and the monosaccharide interventions, respectively. While anthropometric and inflammatory parameters are not changed, the intake of an isocaloric fructose- but not glucose-enriched diet is associated with a significant increase of bacterial endotoxin plasma levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in serum, while total plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations are significantly decreased. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Toll like receptors 4, 2, and MYD88 mRNA expressions are significantly induced after the fructose-rich but not the glucose-rich diet. CONCLUSION In metabolically healthy subjects, even a short-term intake of a fructose-rich diet can elevate bacterial endotoxin levels and change markers of liver health and vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IVUniversity Hospital Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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155
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Tapsell LC, Neale EP, Probst Y. Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease: Insights and Challenges for Considering Food Groups and Nutrient Sources. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2019; 21:9. [PMID: 30741361 PMCID: PMC6373325 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-019-0770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The relationship between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease has been the subject of much research, but an important methodological consideration is the interdependence between the nutrient composition of foods and the recognition of healthy dietary patterns. This review considers some of the challenges in researching dietary patterns with implications for translation to public health promotions. RECENT FINDINGS A number of statistical methods have emerged for analysing dietary patterns using population dietary data. There are limitations in the assumptions underpinning food categorisation, but this research is able to consistently identify foods and dietary patterns that are positively related to health. Aligned to this activity is the ongoing development of food composition databases which has its own limitations such as keeping up to date with changing foods and newly identified components, sampling of foods, and developments in chemical analytical methods. Finally, dietary patterns form the basis for current dietary guidelines and related public health-oriented programs, but the issues raised for research (e.g. food categorisation and cuisine influences on dietary patterns) can also translate to these settings. The study of dietary patterns in cardiovascular disease prevention presents with a number of methodological challenges relating to the way food groups are formed and the limitations of food composition databases. Added to this are new considerations for the environmental impact of recommended dietary patterns. Future research across the entire knowledge chain should target more accurate methods in a number of analytical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Tapsell
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
- Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
- Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Yasmine Probst
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
- Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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156
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Navarro A, Martinez-Gonzalez M, Gea A, Ramallal R, Ruiz-Canela M, Toledo E. Coffee consumption and risk of hypertension in the SUN Project. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:389-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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157
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Mohammadi M, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Lorzadeh E, Khoshbakht Y, Salehi-Abargouei A. Hesperidin, a major flavonoid in orange juice, might not affect lipid profile and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Phytother Res 2019; 33:534-545. [PMID: 30632207 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have led to conflicting results regarding the effect of hesperidin supplementation on cardiometabolic markers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hesperidin supplementation on lipid profile and blood pressure through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as the reference lists of the identified relevant RCTs, were searched up to May 2018. Effect sizes were pooled by using the random effects model. Ten RCTs (577 participants) were eligible to be included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis revealed that hesperidin supplementation had no effect on serum total cholesterol (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -1.04 mg/dl; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.65, 3.57), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = -1.96 mg/dl; 95% CI [-7.56, 3.64]), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = 0.16 mg/dl; 95% CI [-1.94, 2.28]), and triglyceride (WMD = 0.69 mg/dl; 95% CI [-5.91, 7.30]), with no significant between-study heterogeneity. Hesperidin supplement also had no effect on systolic (WMD = -0.85 mmHg; 95% CI [-3.07, 1.36]) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = -0.48 mmHg; 95% CI [-2.39, 1.42]). Hesperidin supplementation might not improve lipid profile and blood pressure. Future well-designed trials are still needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohammadi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elnaz Lorzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yadollah Khoshbakht
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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158
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Associations of dietary patterns with hypertension among adults in Jilin Province, China: a structural equation modelling approach. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:1048-1055. [PMID: 30587262 PMCID: PMC6536898 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the direct and indirect associations of dietary patterns with hypertension using structural equation modelling (SEM). DESIGN Factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to classify different dietary patterns and SEM was employed to investigate the associations of dietary patterns with hypertension. Total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (TC:HDL-C) ratio and LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (LDL-C:HDL-C) ratio were used as observed indicator variables of the lipid latent variable. Waist circumference, body fat percentage and BMI, which were associated with hypertension, were used as observed indicator variables of the obesity latent variable. SETTING International Chronic Disease Cohort (ICDC) that began in 2005 with the purpose of describing the frequency and determinants of chronic diseases in Jilin Province, China.ParticipantsA total of 1492 adults (40-79 years) were enrolled in the baseline study from August 2010 to August 2011. RESULTS Hypertension prevalence in our study population was 34·9 %. It was found that the wine pattern, condiment pattern, obesity latent variable, lipid latent variable, glucose, age and family history of hypertension were factors that had an association with hypertension via SEM, and the corresponding coefficients were 0·056, 0·011, 0·230, 0·281, 0·098, 0·232 and 0·116, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The wine pattern and lipid latent variable had positive direct associations with hypertension. The condiment pattern had a positive indirect association with hypertension via the obesity latent variable. The vegetables pattern, modern pattern and snack pattern were not associated with hypertension.
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159
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Traditional v. modern dietary patterns among a population in western Austria: associations with body composition and nutrient profile. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:455-465. [PMID: 30486908 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify dietary patterns, compare dietary patterns regarding nutrient profile and investigate the association between dietary patterns and body composition in a population in western Austria. DESIGN In a cross-sectional study, eating habits, anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. Food intake was collected by two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Factor analysis (principal component analysis) with complementary cluster analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Associations of dietary patterns with body composition and nutrient profile were examined by the t test, one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA with Bonferroni's correction. The χ 2 test was used for categorical variables. SETTING Tyrol, western Austria, 2014-2015.ParticipantsAdults (n 463) aged 18-64 years. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were derived, labelled as the 'health-conscious', the 'western' and the 'traditional' dietary pattern. After adjustment for confounding variables, individuals following the traditional and western patterns were more likely to be overweight/obese (P <0·001) and to have a higher body fat percentage (P <0·05). Individuals following the traditional dietary pattern consumed significantly more SFA and less PUFA and dietary fibre (P <0·001) than those in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who mostly eat in a traditional way should be encouraged to increase their consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and healthy fats. It is important to know local eating habits not only for planning individual nutritional therapy, but also for well-directed public health actions.
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160
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De Pergola G, D'Alessandro A. Influence of Mediterranean Diet on Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1700. [PMID: 30405063 PMCID: PMC6266047 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Some studies have reported that food typical of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), such as whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and extra virgin olive oil, have a favorable effect on the risk of hypertension, whereas food not typical of this dietary pattern such as red meat, processed meat, and poultry has an unfavorable effect. In this review, we have summarized observational and intervention studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews that have evaluated the effects of the MedDiet as a pattern towards blood pressure (BP). However, the number of such studies is small. In general terms, the MedDiet has a favorable effect in reducing BP in hypertensive or healthy people but we do not have enough data to declare how strong this effect is. Many more studies are required to fully understand the BP changes induced by the MedDiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Pergola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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161
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Preventing Lethal Prostate Cancer with Diet, Supplements, and Rx: Heart Healthy Continues to Be Prostate Healthy and "First Do No Harm" Part I. Curr Urol Rep 2018; 19:104. [PMID: 30368693 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-018-0846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the overall and latest observations of the effect of diet, lifestyle, supplements, and some prescription heart healthy medications for prostate cancer prevention. RECENT FINDINGS The concept of maximizing heart health to prevent aggressive prostate cancer continues to be solidified with the addition of more prospective observational and randomized controlled trial data. Heart healthy is prostate healthy, but heart unhealthy is prostate unhealthy. The primary goal of reducing the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality also allows for maximizing prostate cancer prevention. The obesity epidemic in children and adults along with recent diverse research has only strengthened the nexus between heart and prostate health. Greater dietary adherence toward a variety of healthy foods is associated with a graded improved probability of CVD and potentially aggressive cancer risk reduction. Preventing prostate cancer via dietary supplements should encourage a "first do no harm", or less is more approach until future evidence can reverse the concerning trend that more supplementation has resulted in either no impact or an increased risk of prostate cancer. Supplements to reduce side effects of some cancer treatments appear to have more encouraging data. Medications that improve heart health including statins, aspirin, and metformin (S.A.M.), and specific beta-blocker medications are primarily generic or low-cost and should continue to garner research interest. A watershed moment in medical education has arrived where the past perception of a diverse number of trees seemingly separated by vast distances, in reality, now appear to exist within the same forest.
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162
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Dietary patterns associated with hypertension risk among adults in Thailand: 8-year findings from the Thai Cohort Study. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:307-313. [PMID: 30187840 PMCID: PMC6390399 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective Dietary intake is a leading risk factor for hypertension. We aimed to assess longitudinal associations between overall dietary patterns and incident hypertension among adults in Thailand. Design Prospective large Thai Cohort Study (TCS) conducted nationwide from 2005 to 2013. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis based on usual intake of fourteen food groups. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between dietary patterns and hypertension prevalence and incidence. Setting Emerging hypertension and changing diets in Thailand. Subjects TCS participants who were normotensive at baseline in 2005. Results Among 36293 participants without hypertension at baseline, 1831 reported incident hypertension (5·1 % incidence) at follow-up. Two dietary patterns were identified: ‘Modern’ and ‘Prudent’. The Modern dietary pattern (high intakes of roasted/smoked foods, instant foods, canned foods, fermented fruits/vegetables, fermented foods, soft drinks, deep-fried foods) was associated with increased incident hypertension (comparing extreme quartiles, OR for incident hypertension=1·51; 95 % CI 1·31, 1·75 in 2013). The Prudent dietary pattern (high intakes of soyabean products, milk, fruits, vegetables) was not associated with incident hypertension in a fully adjusted model. The association between the Modern dietary pattern and hypertension was attenuated by BMI. Conclusions Modern dietary pattern was positively associated with hypertension among Thai adults. BMI had a great impact on the relationship between the Modern dietary pattern and incidence of hypertension. Reduction of Modern diets would be expected to prevent and control hypertension. Such a strategy would be worth testing.
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163
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Sheppard JP, Stevens S, Stevens RJ, Mant J, Martin U, Hobbs FDR, McManus RJ. Association of guideline and policy changes with incidence of lifestyle advice and treatment for uncomplicated mild hypertension in primary care: a longitudinal cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021827. [PMID: 30185571 PMCID: PMC6129091 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence to support initiation of pharmacological treatment in patients with uncomplicated (low risk) mild hypertension is inconclusive. As such, clinical guidelines are contradictory and healthcare policy has changed regularly. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of lifestyle advice and drug therapy in this population and whether secular trends were associated with policy changes. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Primary care practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in England. PARTICIPANTS Data were extracted from the linked electronic health records of patients aged 18-74 years, with stage 1 hypertension (blood pressure between 140/90 and 159/99 mm Hg), no cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and no treatment, from 1998 to 2015. Patients exited if follow-up records became unavailable, they progressed to stage 2 hypertension, developed a CVD risk factor or received lifestyle advice/treatment. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The association between policy changes and incidence of lifestyle advice or treatment, examined using an interrupted time-series analysis. RESULTS A total of 108 843 patients were defined as having uncomplicated mild hypertension (mean age 51.9±12.9 years, 60.0% female). Patientsspent a median 2.6 years (IQR 0.9-5.5) in the study, after which 12.2% (95% CI 12.0% to 12.4%) were given lifestyle advice, 29.9% (95% CI 29.7% to 30.2%) were prescribed medication and 19.4% (95% CI 19.2% to 19.6%) were given both. The introduction of the quality outcomes framework (QOF) and subsequent changes to QOF indicators were followed by significant increases in the incidence of lifestyle advice. Treatment prescriptions decreased slightly over time, but were not associated with policy changes. CONCLUSIONS Despite secular trends that accord with UK guidance, many patients are still prescribed treatment for mild hypertension. Adequately powered studies are needed to determine if this is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Una Martin
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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164
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Li Y, White K, O'Shields KR, McLain AC, Merchant AT. Light-Intensity Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk Among Older Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:507-515. [PMID: 30157668 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118796459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and cardiometabolic risk factors among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic conditions. DESIGN Cross-sectional design utilizing data from the Health and Retirement Study (2010, 2012). SETTING Laboratory- and survey-based testing of a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling middle aged and older adults. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 50 years and older (N = 14 996). MEASURES Weighted metabolic equivalent of tasks was calculated using self-reported frequency of light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity. Cardiometabolic risk factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], total cholesterol, and non-HDL-C) were objectively measured. A multiple chronic condition index was based on 8 self-reported chronic conditions. ANALYSIS Weighted multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS Light-intensity physical activity was independently associated with favorable HDL-C (β = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-2.05) and total cholesterol (β = 2.72; 95% CI: 0.53-4.90) after adjusting for relevant confounders. The HDL-C health benefit was apparent when stratified by number of chronic conditions, for individuals with 2 to 3 conditions (β = 1.73; 95% CI: 0.58-2.89). No significant associations were observed between LIPA and blood pressure, HbA1c, or non-HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Engaging in LIPA may be an important health promotion activity to manage HDL-C and total cholesterol. Additional longitudinal research is needed to determine the causal association between LIPA and cardiometabolic risk which can potentially inform physical activity guidelines targeting older adults with multiple chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Li
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kellee White
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Katherine R O'Shields
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alexander C McLain
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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The effect of healthy Nordic diet on cardio-metabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2159-2174. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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166
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Bendinelli B, Masala G, Bruno RM, Caini S, Saieva C, Boninsegni A, Ungar A, Ghiadoni L, Palli D. A priori dietary patterns and blood pressure in the EPIC Florence cohort: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:455-466. [PMID: 29951936 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several foods and nutrients have been independently associated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure values. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined dietary habits on SBP and DBP values in a large cohort of healthy adults, with a cross-sectional design. Adherence of participants to four a priori dietary patterns was considered: the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010); the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH); the Greek Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS); and the Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI). METHODS Overall, 13,597 volunteers (35-64 years) were enrolled in 1993-1998 in the EPIC-Florence cohort. Information on dietary habits, anthropometry, smoking status, education, physical activity habits, previous diagnosis of hypertension and SBP and DBP measurements were collected at baseline. Multivariate regression models were performed on 10,163 individuals (7551 women) after excluding subjects with prevalent hypertension. RESULTS IMI, DASH and HEI-2010 were significantly and inversely associated with SBP and DBP values in the total population. The strongest association emerged between IMI and SBP (β - 1.80 excellent adherence vs low adherence, 95% CI - 2.99; - 0.61, p trend 0.001) and DBP (β - 1.12, 95% CI - 1.869; - 0.39, p trend 0.001) values. In sub-group analyses, an inverse association also emerged between IMI and SBP and DBP values among females and between DASH and DBP among males. MDS was not associated with SBP or DBP. CONCLUSION Overall, this study, carried out in a large cohort of healthy adults from Tuscany (Central Italy), showed inverse significant associations between specific a priori dietary patterns, identifying general models of health-conscious diet, and blood pressure values.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - G Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy.
| | - R M Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - C Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - A Boninsegni
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - A Ungar
- Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - L Ghiadoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for cancer research, prevention and clinical network, ISPRO, Via delle Oblate 4, 50141, Florence, Italy
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167
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Vaccaro JA, Zarini GG, Huffman FG. Cross-sectional analysis of unhealthy foods, race/ethnicity, sex and cardiometabolic risk factors in U.S. adults. Nutr Diet 2018; 75:474-480. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan A. Vaccaro
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition; Florida International University; Miami Florida USA
| | - Gustavo G. Zarini
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition; Florida International University; Miami Florida USA
| | - Fatma G. Huffman
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition; Florida International University; Miami Florida USA
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168
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Blekkenhorst LC, Lewis JR, Prince RL, Devine A, Bondonno NP, Bondonno CP, Wood LG, Puddey IB, Ward NC, Croft KD, Woodman RJ, Beilin LJ, Hodgson JM. Nitrate-rich vegetables do not lower blood pressure in individuals with mildly elevated blood pressure: a 4-wk randomized controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:894-908. [PMID: 29868911 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that increasing intakes of nitrate-rich vegetables may be an effective approach to reduce blood pressure. Objective Our primary aim was to determine whether daily consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables over 4 wk would result in lower blood pressure. Design Thirty participants with prehypertension or untreated grade 1 hypertension were recruited to a randomized controlled crossover trial with 4-wk treatment periods separated by 4-wk washout periods. Participants completed 3 treatments in random order: 1) increased intake (∼200 g/d) of nitrate-rich vegetables [high-nitrate (HN); ∼150 mg nitrate/d], 2) increased intake (∼200 g/d) of nitrate-poor vegetables [low-nitrate (LN); ∼22 mg nitrate/d], and 3) no increase in vegetables (control; ∼6 mg nitrate/d). Compliance was assessed with the use of food diaries and by measuring plasma nitrate and carotenoids. Nitrate metabolism was assessed with the use of plasma, salivary, and urinary nitrate and nitrite concentrations. The primary outcome was blood pressure assessed by using 24-h ambulatory, home, and clinic measurements. Secondary outcomes included measures of arterial stiffness. Results Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased with the HN treatment in comparison to the LN and control treatments (P < 0.001). Plasma carotenoids increased with the HN and LN treatments compared with the control (P < 0.01). HN treatment did not reduce systolic blood pressure [24-h ambulatory-HN: 127.4 ± 1.1 mm Hg; LN: 128.6 ± 1.1 mm Hg; control: 126.2 ± 1.1 mm Hg (P = 0.20); home-HN: 127.4 ± 0.7 mm Hg; LN: 128.7 ± 0.7 mm Hg; control: 128.3 ± 0.7 mm Hg (P = 0.36); clinic-HN: 128.4 ± 1.3 mm Hg; LN: 130.3 ± 1.3 mm Hg; control: 129.8 ± 1.3 mm Hg (P = 0.49)] or diastolic blood pressure compared with LN and control treatments (P > 0.05) after adjustment for pretreatment values, treatment period, and treatment order. Similarly, no differences were observed between treatments for arterial stiffness measures (P > 0.05). Conclusion Increased intake of nitrate-rich vegetables did not lower blood pressure in prehypertensive or untreated grade 1 hypertensive individuals when compared with increased intake of nitrate-poor vegetables and no increase in vegetables. This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12615000194561.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, Queen Elizabeth Medical Center Unit, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Medical School, Queen Elizabeth Medical Center Unit, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Center for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- Medical School, Queen Elizabeth Medical Center Unit, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian B Puddey
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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169
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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MARITAL STATUS AND HYPERTENSION IN GHANA. J Biosoc Sci 2018; 51:313-334. [PMID: 29781417 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932018000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular and related target organ diseases such as heart failure, coronary heart disease, stroke and kidney failure, and their associated premature morbidity, mortality and disability. Marital status is an important social characteristic known to predict a range of health outcomes including cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about its impact on hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explored the relationship between marital status and hypertension among women and men in Ghana. Drawing on data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS), descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used to analyse the link between marital status and hypertension. About 13% of women aged 15-49 and 15% of men aged 15-59 were found to be hypertensive. After controlling for lifestyle and socio-demographic covariates, the logistic regression models showed significantly higher odds of hypertension for married (OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.30-3.53), cohabiting (OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.16-3.23) and previously married (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.29-3.84) women. In contrast, no significant association was found between any of the marital status cohorts and hypertension for men. Other significant predictors of hypertension were age, body mass index and wealth status. The results demonstrate that marital status is an independent risk factor for hypertension in Ghana for women, rather than men. This could have immediate and far-reaching consequences for cardiovascular health policy in Ghana. In particular, the findings could lead to better targeted public health interventions, including more effective risk factor assessment and patient education in clinical settings, which could lead to more effective patient management and improved cardiovascular outcomes.
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170
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Tsoupras A, Lordan R, Zabetakis I. Inflammation, not Cholesterol, Is a Cause of Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E604. [PMID: 29757226 PMCID: PMC5986484 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Seven Countries Study, dietary cholesterol and the levels of serum cholesterol in relation to the development of chronic diseases have been somewhat demonised. However, the principles of the Mediterranean diet and relevant data linked to the examples of people living in the five blue zones demonstrate that the key to longevity and the prevention of chronic disease development is not the reduction of dietary or serum cholesterol but the control of systemic inflammation. In this review, we present all the relevant data that supports the view that it is inflammation induced by several factors, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF), that leads to the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) rather than serum cholesterol. The key to reducing the incidence of CVD is to control the activities of PAF and other inflammatory mediators via diet, exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices. The relevant studies and data supporting these views are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
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171
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Schwingshackl L, Chaimani A, Schwedhelm C, Toledo E, Pünsch M, Hoffmann G, Boeing H. Comparative effects of different dietary approaches on blood pressure in hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2674-2687. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1463967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna Chaimani
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS), METHODS Team, Paris, France
- Cochrane France, Paris, France
| | - Carolina Schwedhelm
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Estefania Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro del Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3–5, Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina Pünsch
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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172
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Prado NJ, Ferder L, Manucha W, Diez ER. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin in Obesity and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:45. [PMID: 29744660 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we review the known relations between hypertension and obesity to inflammation and postulate the endogenous protective effect of melatonin and its potential as a therapeutic agent. We will describe the multiple effects of melatonin on blood pressure, adiposity, body weight, and focus on mitochondrial-related anti-inflammatory and antioxidant protective effects. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension and obesity are usually associated with systemic and tissular inflammation. The progressive affection of target-organs involves multiple mediators of inflammation, most of them redundant, which make anti-inflammatory strategies ineffective. Melatonin reduces blood pressure, body weight, and inflammation. The mechanisms of action of this ancient molecule of protection involve multiple levels of action, from subcellular to intercellular. Mitochondria is a key inflammatory element in vascular and adipose tissue and a potential pharmacological target. Melatonin protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. Melatonin reduces blood pressure and adipose tissue dysfunction by multiple anti-inflammatory/antioxidant actions and provides potent protection against mitochondria-mediated injury in hypertension and obesity. This inexpensive and multitarget molecule has great therapeutic potential against both epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jorgelina Prado
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Pediatric Department Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.,Área de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Raúl Diez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina. .,Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
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173
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Schutten JC, Joosten MM, de Borst MH, Bakker SJ. Magnesium and Blood Pressure: A Physiology-Based Approach. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:244-250. [PMID: 29793663 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health challenge because of its high prevalence and strong association with cardiovascular disease and premature death. Hypertension is a major cause of CKD, is present in more than 80% of CKD patients, and contributes to CKD progression. Risk factors for hypertension include, but are not limited to, age, race, family history, obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and inadequate intake of minerals such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium. Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation in the human body and plays an important role in insulin and adenosine triphosphate metabolism. Low dietary magnesium intake has been associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension in prospective cohort studies. Moreover, clinical trials suggest that magnesium supplementation has blood pressure-lowering effects. In addition, emerging data reveal potential mechanisms by which magnesium may influence blood pressure. Here, we will review these mechanisms, using a physiology-based approach, focusing on the effects of magnesium on total peripheral resistance and cardiac output.
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174
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Nobles CJ, Mendola P, Mumford SL, Naimi AI, Yeung EH, Kim K, Park H, Wilcox B, Silver RM, Perkins NJ, Sjaarda L, Schisterman EF. Preconception Blood Pressure Levels and Reproductive Outcomes in a Prospective Cohort of Women Attempting Pregnancy. Hypertension 2018; 71:904-910. [PMID: 29610265 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure in young adulthood is an early risk marker for cardiovascular disease. Despite a strong biological rationale, little research has evaluated whether incremental increases in preconception blood pressure have early consequences for reproductive health. We evaluated preconception blood pressure and fecundability, pregnancy loss, and live birth in the EAGeR trial (Effects of Aspirin on Gestational and Reproduction; 2007-2011), a randomized clinical trial of aspirin and reproductive outcomes among 1228 women attempting pregnancy with a history of pregnancy loss. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured during preconception in the first observed menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy and used to derive mean arterial pressure. Fecundability was assessed as number of menstrual cycles until pregnancy, determined through human chorionic gonadotropin testing. Pregnancy loss included both human chorionic gonadotropin-detected and clinical losses. Analyses adjusted for treatment assignment, age, body mass index, race, marital status, smoking, parity, and time since last loss. Mean preconception systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 111.6 mm Hg (SD, 12.1) and 72.5 (SD, 9.4) mm Hg. Risk of pregnancy loss increased 18% per 10 mm Hg increase in diastolic blood pressure (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.36) and 17% per 10 mm Hg increase in mean arterial pressure (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.35) in adjusted analyses. Findings were similar for early pregnancy blood pressure. Preconception blood pressure was not related to fecundability or live birth in adjusted analyses. Findings suggest that preconception blood pressure among healthy women is associated with pregnancy loss, and lifestyle interventions targeting blood pressure among young women may favorably impact reproductive health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00467363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Nobles
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Pauline Mendola
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Ashley I Naimi
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Edwina H Yeung
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Keewan Kim
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Hyojun Park
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Brian Wilcox
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Robert M Silver
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Neil J Perkins
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Lindsey Sjaarda
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.)
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- From the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (C.J.N., P.M., S.L.M., E.H.Y., K.K., H.P., N.J.P., L.S., E.F.S.); Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.I.N.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA (B.W.); and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, University of Utah (R.M.S.).
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175
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Nowak
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.).
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
| | - Michel Chonchol
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
| | - Douglas R Seals
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
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176
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Chilli intake is inversely associated with hypertension among adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 23:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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177
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Jones NRV, Forouhi NG, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Monsivais P. Accordance to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet pattern and cardiovascular disease in a British, population-based cohort. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:235-244. [PMID: 29318403 PMCID: PMC5871645 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet could be an important population-level strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the UK, but there is little UK-based evidence on this diet pattern in relation to CVD risk. We tested whether dietary accordance with DASH was associated with risk of CVD in a population-based sample of 23,655 UK adults. This prospective analysis of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study analysed dietary intake (assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire) to measure accordance with DASH, based on intakes of eight food groups and nutrients, ranking the sample into quintiles. Cox proportional hazards regression models tested for association between DASH accordance and incident stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and total incident CVD (stroke and IHD only), as well as CVD mortality, non-CVD mortality and total mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated adjusting for age, sex, behavioral and clinical risk factors and socioeconomic status. Over an average of 12.4 years follow-up, we ascertained 4129 incident CVD events, of which stroke accounted for 1011. Compared to participants with the least DASH-accordant diets, those with the most DASH-accordant diets had 20% lower risk of incident stroke (HR, 95% CI 0.80, 0.65-0.99) and 13% lower risk of total incident CVD (0.88, 0.79-0.99) but no lower risk of CHD (0.90, 0.79-1.02). CVD-related mortality also showed strong inverse associations with DASH accordance (0.72, 0.60-0.85). This study provides evidence for the cardioprotective effects of DASH diet in a UK context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R V Jones
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Pablo Monsivais
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, 99210, USA.
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178
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Associations between adherence to the Danish Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and cardiometabolic risk factors in a Danish adult population: the DIPI study. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:664-673. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDiet is recognised as one modifiable lifestyle factor for ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We aimed at investigating the associations between adherence to the Danish Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) indicated by a Dietary Quality Index (DQI) and selected cardiometabolic risk factors in a cross-sectional study with 219 Danish adult participants (59 %women; age 31–65years) with a minimum of one self-rated risk marker of IHD. Information regarding diet was obtained using web-based dietary assessment software and adherence to the Danish FBDG was expressed by a DQI calculated from 5 food and nutrient indicators (whole grain, fish, fruit and vegetables, energy from saturated fat and from added sugar). Background information, blood samples and anthropometrics were collected and blood pressure was measured. Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between DQI and cardiometabolic risk factors. DQI was inversely associated with LDL:HDL ratio and TAG (−0·089 per unit; 95 % CI −0·177, −0·002 and −5 % per unit; 95 % CI −9, 0, respectively) and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (0·047 mmol/l per unit; 95 % CI 0·007, 0·088). For men, DQI was inversely associated with BMI (−3 %per unit; 95 % CI −5, −1), trunk fat (−1 % per unit; 95 % CI −2, −1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (−30 % per unit; 95 % CI −41, −16 %), HbA1c(−0·09 % per unit; 95 % CI −0·14, −0·04), insulin (−13 % per unit; 95 % CI −19, −7) and homoeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (−14 % per unit; 95 % CI −21, −7). In women, DQI was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (2·6 mmHg per unit; 95 % CI 0·6, 4·6). In conclusion, higher adherence to the current Danish FBDG was associated with a more beneficial cardiometabolic risk profile in a Danish adult population with a minimum of one self-rated risk factor for IHD.
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179
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Jiménez-Gómez A, Flores-Félix JD, García-Fraile P, Mateos PF, Menéndez E, Velázquez E, Rivas R. Probiotic activities of Rhizobium laguerreae on growth and quality of spinach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:295. [PMID: 29321563 PMCID: PMC5762915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in a healthy lifestyle and in environmental protection is changing habits regarding food consumption and agricultural practices. Good agricultural practice is indispensable, particularly for raw vegetables, and can include the use of plant probiotic bacteria for the purpose of biofertilization. In this work we analysed the probiotic potential of the rhizobial strain PEPV40, identified as Rhizobium laguerreae through the analysis of the recA and atpD genes, on the growth of spinach plants. This strain presents several in vitro plant growth promotion mechanisms, such as phosphate solubilisation and the production of indole acetic acid and siderophores. The strain PEPV40 produces cellulose and forms biofilms on abiotic surfaces. GFP labelling of this strain showed that PEPV40 colonizes the roots of spinach plants, forming microcolonies typical of biofilm initiation. Inoculation with this strain significantly increases several vegetative parameters such as leaf number, size and weight, as well as chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. Therefore, our findings indicate, for the first time, that Rhizobium laguerreae is an excellent plant probiotic, which increases the yield and quality of spinach, a vegetable that is increasingly being consumed raw worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jiménez-Gómez
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula García-Fraile
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR,v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pedro F Mateos
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- Associated R&D Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther Menéndez
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Encarna Velázquez
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- Associated R&D Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raúl Rivas
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.
- Associated R&D Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain.
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180
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Nagahata T, Nakamura M, Ojima T, Kondo I, Ninomiya T, Yoshita K, Arai Y, Ohkubo T, Murakami K, Nishi N, Murakami Y, Takashima N, Okuda N, Kadota A, Miyagawa N, Kondo K, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K. Relationships among Food Group Intakes, Household Expenditure, and Education Attainment in a General Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA2010. J Epidemiol 2018; 28 Suppl 3:S23-S28. [PMID: 29503382 PMCID: PMC5825688 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lower socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to the intake of unhealthy food; however, this relationship has not been examined in detail. This study was undertaken to examine relationships among food group intakes and SES in a representative Japanese population. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using the baseline data of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan. A total of 2,898 participants were included in the baseline survey in 2010. The effects of age (<65 years and ≥65 years), equivalent household expenditure (EHE), and education attainment on food group intakes (gram per 1,000 kcal) were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS When EHE was lower, cereal intake was higher in men and women. Among men, fish, milk, and alcohol intakes were reduced with lower EHE. Among women, vegetable intake was reduced with lower EHE. In men and women, cereal intake was higher with lower education attainment. In contrast, meat intake was reduced with lower education attainment. CONCLUSIONS Lower SES was associated with a higher cereal intake and lower vegetable, fish, meat, and milk intakes in a representative Japanese population. Socioeconomic discrepancies need to be considered in order to promote healthier dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nagahata
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Tokaigakuen University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Imako Kondo
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food and Human Health Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Arai
- Department of Nutrition, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Murakami
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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181
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Maclaren O, Mackay L, Schofield G, Zinn C. Novel Nutrition Profiling of New Zealanders' Varied Eating Patterns. Nutrients 2017; 10:E30. [PMID: 29301216 PMCID: PMC5793258 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that the relationship between nutrition and health is influenced by complex eating behaviors. The aims of this study were to develop novel nutrition profiles of New Zealanders and to describe the prevalence of these profiles. Observational, cross-sectional data from the Sovereign Wellbeing Index, 2014 was used to develop the profiles in an a-priori process. Descriptive prevalence for the total data (N = 10,012; 4797 males; 18+ years) and profiles were reported. Nutrition question responses were presented as: Includers (consumed few time a week or more), Avoiders (few time a month) and Limiters (not eaten). Fruit or non-starchy vegetables were Included (fruit: 83.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI: 82.7, 84.1); vegetables: 82.6% (81.8, 83.4)) by the majority of the sample. Also Included were confectionary (48.6% 95% CI (47.6, 49.6)) and full sugar drinks (34.3% (33.4, 35.2)). The derived nutrition profiles were: Junk Food (22.4% 95% CI (21.6, 23.3)), Moderator (43.0% (42.1, 44.0)), High-Carbohydrate (23.0% (22.2, 23.8)), Mediterranean (11.1% (10.5, 11.8)), Flexitarian (8.8% (8.2, 9.4)), and Low-Carbohydrate (5.4% (4.9, 5.8)). This study suggests that New Zealanders follow a number of different healthful eating patterns. Future work should consider how these alternate eating patterns impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Mackay
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Grant Schofield
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Caryn Zinn
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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182
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Yang TC, Aucott LS, Duthie GG, Macdonald HM. An application of partial least squares for identifying dietary patterns in bone health. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:63. [PMID: 28702941 PMCID: PMC5506508 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-017-0355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In a large cohort of older women, a mechanism-driven statistical technique for assessing dietary patterns that considers a potential nutrient pathway found two dietary patterns associated with lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density. A "healthy" dietary pattern was observed to be beneficial for bone mineral density. INTRODUCTION Dietary patterns represent a broader, more realistic representation of how foods are consumed, compared to individual food or nutrient analyses. Partial least-squares (PLS) is a data-reduction technique for identifying dietary patterns that maximizes correlation between foods and nutrients hypothesized to be on the path to disease, is more hypothesis-driven than previous methods, and has not been applied to the study of dietary patterns in relation to bone health. METHODS Women from the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study (2007-2011, n = 2129, age = 66 years (2.2)) provided dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire; 37 food groups were created. We applied PLS to the 37 food groups and 9 chosen response variables (calcium, potassium, vitamin C, vitamin D, protein, alcohol, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc) to identify dietary patterns associated with bone mineral density (BMD) cross-sectionally. Multivariable regression was used to assess the relationship between the retained dietary patterns and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity level, smoking, and national deprivation category. RESULTS Five dietary patterns were identified, explaining 25% of the variation in food groups and 77% in the response variables. Two dietary patterns were positively associated with lumbar spine (per unit increase in factor 2: 0.012 g/cm2 [95% CI: 0.006, 0.01]; factor 4: 0.007 g/cm2 [95% CI: 0.00001, 0.01]) and femoral neck (factor 2: 0.006 g/cm2 [95% CI: 0.002, 0.01]; factor 4: 0.008 g/cm2 [95% CI: 0.003, 0.01)]) BMD. Dietary pattern 2 was characterized by high intakes of milk, vegetables, fruit and vegetable juices, and wine, and low intakes of processed meats, cheese, biscuits, cakes, puddings, confectionary, sweetened fizzy drinks and spirits while dietary pattern 4 was characterized by high intakes of fruits, red and white meats, and wine, and low intakes of vegetables and sweet spreads. CONCLUSION Our findings using a robust statistical technique provided important support to initiatives focusing on what constitutes a healthy diet and its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Yang
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Lorna S Aucott
- Health Sciences Building, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Garry G Duthie
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK
| | - Helen M Macdonald
- Health Sciences Building, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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183
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Hoppu U, Hopia A, Pohjanheimo T, Rotola-Pukkila M, Mäkinen S, Pihlanto A, Sandell M. Effect of Salt Reduction on Consumer Acceptance and Sensory Quality of Food. Foods 2017; 6:E103. [PMID: 29186893 PMCID: PMC5742771 DOI: 10.3390/foods6120103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing salt (NaCl) intake is an important public health target. The food industry and catering services are searching for means to reduce the salt content in their products. This review focuses on options for salt reduction in foods and the sensory evaluation of salt-reduced foods. Simple salt reduction, mineral salts and flavor enhancers/modifiers (e.g., umami compounds) are common options for salt reduction. In addition, the modification of food texture and odor-taste interactions may contribute to enhanced salty taste perception. Maintaining consumer acceptance of the products is a challenge, and recent examples of the consumer perception of salt-reduced foods are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Hoppu
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Anu Hopia
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | - Sari Mäkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
| | - Anne Pihlanto
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
| | - Mari Sandell
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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184
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el Bilbeisi AH, Hosseini S, Djafarian K. Association of dietary patterns with diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine: a cross sectional study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2017; 36:37. [PMID: 29141668 PMCID: PMC5688727 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-017-0115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising worldwide. When diabetes is uncontrolled, it has dire consequences for health and well-being. However, the role of diet in the origin of diabetes complications is not understood well. This study identifies major dietary patterns among type 2 diabetes patients and its association with diabetes complications in Gaza Strip, Palestine. METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted among 1200 previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (both genders, aged 20-64 years), patients receiving care in primary healthcare centers in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Dietary patterns were evaluated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Additional information regarding demographic and medical history variables was obtained with an interview-based questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Two major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: Asian-like pattern and sweet-soft drinks-snacks pattern. After adjustment for confounding variables, patients in the lowest tertile of the Asian-like pattern characterized by a high intake of whole grains, potatoes, beans, legumes, vegetables, tomatoes and fruit had a lower odds for (High BP, kidney problems, heart problems, extremities problems and neurological problems), (OR 0.710 CI 95% (.506-.997)), (OR 0.834 CI 95% (.700-.994)), (OR 0.730 CI 95% (.596-.895)), (OR 0.763 CI 95% (.667-.871)) and (OR 0.773 CI 95% (.602-.991)) respectively, (P value <0.05 for all). No significant association was found between the sweet-soft drinks snacks pattern with diabetes complications. CONCLUSION The Asian-like pattern may be associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Hamid el Bilbeisi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran
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185
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Dietary Pattern during 1991-2011 and Its Association with Cardio Metabolic Risks in Chinese Adults: The China Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111218. [PMID: 29113113 PMCID: PMC5707690 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other cardio metabolic risks has become a public health concern in China, a country undergoing nutrition transition. We investigated the dietary pattern during 1991–2011 and its association with these risks in a longitudinal study among adults; Adults in The China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Three-day food consumption was collected by 24 h recall method. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipids was collected in 2009. Dietary pattern was generated using principal components analysis. The associations between dietary pattern and cardio metabolic risk were assessed with generalized linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and social economic status (SES). “Traditional” pattern loaded with rice, meat, and vegetables, and “Modern” pattern had high loadings of fast food, milk, and deep-fried food. “Traditional” pattern was inversely associated with cardio metabolic risks, with linear slopes ranging from −0.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.18, −0.12) for hypertension to −0.67 (95% CI: −0.73, −0.60) for impaired glucose control. “Modern” pattern was associated positively with those factors, with slopes ranging 0.10 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.17) for high cholesterol to 0.42 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.49) for impaired glucose control. Dietary patterns were associated with cardio metabolic risk in Chinese adults.
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186
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Perkovic V, Agarwal R, Fioretto P, Hemmelgarn BR, Levin A, Thomas MC, Wanner C, Kasiske BL, Wheeler DC, Groop PH. Management of patients with diabetes and CKD: conclusions from a "Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes" (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2017; 90:1175-1183. [PMID: 27884312 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes around the world has reached epidemic proportions and is projected to increase to 642 million people by 2040. Diabetes is already the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in most developed countries, and the growth in the number of people with ESKD around the world parallels the increase in diabetes. The presence of kidney disease is associated with a markedly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and death in people with diabetes. Several new therapies and novel investigational agents targeting chronic kidney disease patients with diabetes are now under development. This conference was convened to assess our current state of knowledge regarding optimal glycemic control, current antidiabetic agents and their safety, and new therapies being developed to improve kidney function and cardiovascular outcomes for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlado Perkovic
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Rajiv Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Brenda R Hemmelgarn
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Interdisciplinary Chronic Disease Collaboration, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute and Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adeera Levin
- Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Provincial Renal Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Research, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Merlin C Thomas
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Renal Division, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bertram L Kasiske
- Division of Nephrology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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187
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Hankey GJ. The Role of Nutrition in the Risk and Burden of Stroke. Stroke 2017; 48:3168-3174. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.016993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J. Hankey
- From the Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; and Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Australia
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188
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People with the major alleles of ATP2B1 rs17249754 increases the risk of hypertension in high ratio of sodium and potassium, and low calcium intakes. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 31:787-794. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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189
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Xu
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Deborah Parker
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise Hickman
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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190
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James C, Harrison A, Seixas A, Powell M, Pengpid S, Peltzer K. "Safe Foods" or "Fear Foods": the implications of food avoidance in college students from low- and middle-income countries. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:407-419. [PMID: 28616819 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to explore if self-reported food avoidance (fats, carbohydrates and protein) exists among college students in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and its relationship with body mass index (BMI), dieting, mood/anxiety symptoms, physical activities and general health knowledge. METHODS This study is a subset (N = 6096) of a larger 26 LMICs cross-sectional survey, which consisted of 21,007 college students. We ascertained socio-demographic information, food avoidance, physical activities, dieting behaviours, depressive and PTSD symptoms, and recorded anthropometric measurements. Chi-square analyses assessed the relationship between predictor variables and food categories eliminated from participants' diet. Multiple logistic regression assessed if food avoidance predicts outcome variables such as binge drinking, high physical activity, being underweight, exhibiting significant depressive and PTSD symptoms. RESULTS Food avoidance exists in as many as one-third of college students in low- and middle-income countries, with this being more likely in persons who are trying to lose weight whether by dieting or otherwise. Food avoidance was associated with higher BMI, depressive symptoms, and high intensity exercises, as well as the level of health knowledge influencing the types of food avoided. A significant difference was noted between lower middle-income and upper middle-income countries with respect to the foods they avoided. CONCLUSION Despite being knowledgeable about health-related behaviours, we found that college students in our sample were not that different from those in developed countries and may be influenced by a similar advice given by non-experts about macronutrients. These results hold implications for intervention programmes and policy makers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive cross-sectional survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- C James
- Department of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - A Harrison
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - A Seixas
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - M Powell
- College of Education and Human Development, George Mason University, Virginia, USA
| | - S Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - K Peltzer
- University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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191
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Tapsell LC. Dietary behaviour changes to improve nutritional quality and health outcomes. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2017; 3:154-158. [PMID: 29063070 PMCID: PMC5643774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review examines the changes required in dietary behaviours to address the current global burden of disease resulting from diet-associated cardiometabolic dysfunction. Beginning with known relationships between nutritional factors and health outcomes, the review identifies a number of problems with current dietary behaviours, using examples from the Australian context. Implications for practice are then discussed drawing on insights from research in dietary trials. From a concerted research effort across the globe, the effects of foods, food components and dietary patterns on cardiometabolic parameters have been reasonably well exposed. The evidence base for these effects underpins dietary guidelines, which aim to meet nutritional requirements and protect against cardiometabolic disease. Thus foods recommended in dietary guidelines tend to be consistent with research that identifies foods that appear protective and those that appear detrimental to health. The need for dietary behaviour change is apparent through analyses that have exposed increasing consumption of detrimental foods, despite the availability of healthy foods. However, behaviour change is a complex area, and where weight loss is also required, there is high level evidence that interdisciplinary efforts combining diet, physical activity and psychological support are warranted. Insights from dietary trials and research indicate that focussing on foods and dietary patterns is integral to the specific dietary change required for health outcomes, but social and behavioural factors will influence the achievement of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Tapsell
- School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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192
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La Verde M, Mulè S, Zappalà G, Privitera G, Maugeri G, Pecora F, Marranzano M. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with having hypertension: is low salt intake a mediating factor? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:235-244. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1350941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melania La Verde
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Mulè
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Zappalà
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marina Marranzano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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193
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AbuMweis S, Jew S, Tayyem R, Agraib L. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid containing supplements modulate risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomised placebo-control human clinical trials. J Hum Nutr Diet 2017; 31:67-84. [PMID: 28675488 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 200 clinical trials have examined the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements on risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. However, an updated analysis of the evidence is lacking. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to quantify the effect of supplements containing EPA and DHA on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. METHODS An analysis was carried on 171 clinical trials with acceptable quality (Jadad score ≥3) that were identified from a comprehensive electronic search strategy of two databases (Pubmed and Cochrane Library). A random effect model was used to obtain an overall estimate on outcomes of interest. Heterogeneity between trial results was tested for using a standard chi-squared test. RESULTS Compared with control, EPA and DHA supplements produced significant reductions of triglycerides of 0.368 mmol L-1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.427 to -0.309], systolic blood pressure of 2.195 mmHg (95% CI = -3.172 to -1.217), diastolic blood pressure of 1.08 mmHg (95% CI = -1.716 to -0.444), heart rate of 1.37 bpm (95% CI = -2.41 to -0.325) and C-reactive protein of 0.343 mg L-1 (95% CI = -0.454 to -0.232). This analysis indicates an increase in both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean difference = 0.150 mmol L-1 ; 95% CI = 0.058-0.243) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean difference = 0.039 mmol L-1 ; 95% CI = 0.024-0.054). The triglyceride-lowering effect was dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS The lipid-lowering, hypotensive, anti-arrhythmic and anti-inflammatory actions of EPA and DHA supplements were confirmed in this analysis of randomised placebo-control blinded clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S AbuMweis
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - S Jew
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R Tayyem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - L Agraib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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194
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Davis CR, Hodgson JM, Woodman R, Bryan J, Wilson C, Murphy KJ. A Mediterranean diet lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function: results from the MedLey randomized intervention trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1305-1313. [PMID: 28424187 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.146803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. However, its impact on blood pressure and endothelial function is not clear.Objective: We sought to determine the effects of adhering to the consumption of a MedDiet for 6 mo on blood pressure and endothelial function in older, healthy Australians.Design: A total of 166 men and women aged >64 y were allocated via minimization to consume either a MedDiet (n = 85) or their habitual diet (HabDiet; control: n = 81) for 6 mo. The MedDiet comprised mainly plant foods, abundant extra-virgin olive oil, and minimal red meat and processed foods. A total of 152 participants commenced the study, and 137 subjects completed the study. Home blood pressure was measured on 5 consecutive days at baseline (n = 149) and at 3 and 6 mo. Endothelial function (n = 82) was assessed by flow-meditated dilatation (FMD) at baseline and 6 mo. Dietary intake was monitored with the use of 3-d weighed food records. Data were analyzed with the use of linear mixed-effects models to determine adjusted between-group differences.Results: The MedDiet adherence score increased significantly in the MedDiet group but not in the HabDiet group (P < 0.001). The MedDiet, compared with the HabDiet, resulted in lower systolic blood pressure (P-diet × time interaction = 0.02) [mean: -1.3 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.2, -0.3 mm Hg; P = 0.008) at 3 mo and -1.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.0, -0.1 mm Hg; P = 0.03) at 6 mo]. At 6 mo, the percentage of FMD was higher by 1.3% (95% CI: 0.2%, 2.4%; P = 0.026) in the MedDiet group.Conclusion: Australian men and women who consumed a MedDiet for 6 mo had small but significantly lower systolic blood pressure and improved endothelial function. This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12613000602729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Davis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, and
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | | | - Janet Bryan
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Carlene Wilson
- Flinders Center for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Karen J Murphy
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, and
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195
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Berild A, Holven KB, Ulven SM. Recommended Nordic diet and risk markers for cardiovascular disease. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2017; 137:721-726. [PMID: 28551971 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Norway. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of literature that describes the effect of a Nordic diet in line with the authorities’ dietary advice on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. METHOD Electronic literature searches were undertaken in the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases. Randomised, controlled studies that described the Nordic diet and cardiovascular disease were included. A total of 15 articles were included. These are based on four dietary intervention studies conducted in the Nordic countries. RESULTS All of the dietary intervention studies indicated effects on blood lipids. In one of the studies, a Nordic diet caused a 21 % reduction in LDL cholesterol levels. Three of the studies showed that a Nordic diet reduces blood pressure. Results from two of the studies showed that it also improved glucose and insulin sensitivity, but after adjustment for weight loss, this effect disappeared. Three of the studies showed that a Nordic diet may positively affect inflammation. INTERPRETATION A diet based on the authorities’ dietary recommendation and consisting of Nordic ingredients improves the risk profile in those who are predisposed to developing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Berild
- Avdeling for ernæringsvitenskap Institutt for medisinske basalfag Universitetet i Oslo
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Avdeling for ernæringsvitenskap Institutt for medisinske basalfag Universitetet i Oslo og Nasjonal kompetansetjeneste for familiær hyperkolesterolemi Avdeling for endokrinologi, sykelige overvekt og preventiv medisin Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Avdeling for ernæringsvitenskap Institutt for medisinske basalfag Universitetet i Oslo
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196
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Kim GH, Shin SW, Lee J, Hwang JH, Park SW, Moon JS, Kim HJ, Ahn HS. Red meat and chicken consumption and its association with high blood pressure and obesity in South Korean children and adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis of KSHES, 2011-2015. Nutr J 2017; 16:31. [PMID: 28532405 PMCID: PMC5441095 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of meat consumption on high blood pressure (HBP) and obesity in children and adolescents is a subject of debate. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the association between meat consumption and both HBP and obesity in this group. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis using nationally representative samples of children and adolescents aged 9, 12, and 15 years old (n = 136,739) who were included in the Korea School Health Examination Survey (KSHES) for the 2011–2015 period. Multiple linear and logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors influencing systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) levels, and to test the strength of these relationships. Results Adjusted for covariates, 6.3% of those subjects who consumed >5 servings of meat (including beef, pork, and chicken) per week were obese, compared with 9.1% of the subjects who consumed <1 serving of meat/wk (obesity adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.70; P ≤0.001). Those who consumed <1 serving of meat/wk had an HBP prevalence of 8.2%, compared with 7.2% for subjects who consumed >5 servings of meat/wk (systolic HBP adjusted OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05–1.62; P ≤0.01, diastolic HBP adjusted OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.02–1.54; P <0.05). Obese subjects were estimated to have a higher SBP (β = 7.497, P < 0.001) and DBP (β = 4.123, P <0.001) than subjects who had no excess weight. Compared to subjects who consumed >5 servings of meat/wk, those who consumed <3 servings of meat/wk had a higher SBP (β = 0.574, P <0.001) and DBP (β = 0.376, P = 0.003) after adjusting for BMI. The intake of milk, fruit, and vegetables was not associated with either SBP or DBP (P >0.05). In contrast, BMI was significantly associated with milk, fruits, and vegetables (P <0.01). Conclusions Among children and adolescents, a higher level of meat consumption was associated with lower SBP, DBP, and BMI, and greater height, suggesting that consuming an appropriate amount of meat is important for healthy growth at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum Hee Kim
- Department of School Health Education, Sanggye High School, 432, Nohaero Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01761, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Shin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyun Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Woo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Moon
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterolgy, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University, Children's Hospital, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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197
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Dinu M, Pagliai G, Casini A, Sofi F. Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 72:30-43. [PMID: 28488692 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduced risk of major chronic disease. However, the existing literature leads to debate for different issues, such as the measurement of the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the use of a wide variety of dietary indices with various food components and the large heterogeneity across the studies. In order to summarise the evidence and evaluate the validity of the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes, an umbrella review of the evidence across meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised clinical trials (RCTs) was performed. Thirteen meta-analyses of observational studies and 16 meta-analyses of RCTs investigating the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 37 different health outcomes, for a total population of over than 12 800 000 subjects, were identified. A robust evidence, supported by a P-value<0.001, a large simple size, and not a considerable heterogeneity between studies, for a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and a reduced the risk of overall mortality, cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, overall cancer incidence, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes was found. For most of the site-specific cancers, as well as for inflammatory and metabolic parameters, the evidence was only suggestive or weak and further studies are needed to draw firmer conclusions. No evidence, on the other hand, was reported for bladder, endometrial and ovarian cancers, as well as for LDL (low density lipoprotein)-cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Casini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - F Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Careggi, Florence, Italy.,Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation Italy, Onlus IRCCS, Florence, Italy
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198
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Schwingshackl L, Chaimani A, Hoffmann G, Schwedhelm C, Boeing H. Impact of different dietary approaches on blood pressure in hypertensive and prehypertensive patients: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014736. [PMID: 28446526 PMCID: PMC5566592 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lifestyle modification is one of the cornerstones in the management of hypertension. According to the most recent guidelines by the American Heart Association, all patients with hypertension should adopt the following dietary advices: increased consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products and sodium reduction. The aim of the present study is to assess the efficacy of different dietary approaches on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension and high normal blood pressure in a systematic review including a pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We conducted searches in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google Scholar until November 2016. Citations, abstracts and relevant papers were screened for eligibility by two reviewers independently. Randomised trials were included if they met the following criteria: (1) hypertension (as mean values ≥140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure and/or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure) or high normal blood pressure (mean systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg and/or mean diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg), (2) age ≥18 years, (3) intervention diets (different type of dietary approaches, eg, dietary approach to stop hypertension diet; Mediterranean diet, vegetarian diet, palaeolithic diet, low sodium diet) either hypocaloric, isocaloric or ad libitum diets, (4) intervention period ≥12 weeks. For each outcome measure of interest, random effects pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed in order to determine the pooled relative effect of each intervention relative to every other intervention in terms of the postintervention values (or change scores). Subgroup analyses were planned for hypertensive status, study length, sample size, age and sex. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this study is based solely on the published literature, no ethics approval was required. We published our network meta-analysis in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42016049243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna Chaimani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Medical School Campus, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolina Schwedhelm
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
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199
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE High blood pressure early in life is associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in adulthood. The objective was to identify sex-specific trajectories of SBP and DBP from early adolescence to early adulthood and to assess the impact of modifiable factors on the trajectories, including BMI, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and screen-time. METHODS Data were drawn from four waves of a prospective investigation of 1294 youth aged 12-13 years at inception and followed until age 24 years. Group-based trajectory models were used to identify trajectories and assess the impact of modifiable factors in 403 men and 432 women. RESULTS Three SBP trajectories were identified in men [corresponding to low (43.2%), medium (45.2%), and high SBP (11.7%)] and women [corresponding to low (48.1%), medium (44.7%), and high SBP (7.2%)]. Similar results were observed for DBP in both sexes. BMI and smoking were associated with higher SBP and DBP values in most trajectory groups, whereas screen-time in both sexes and physical activity in women were associated with high SBP trajectories only. CONCLUSION There is heterogeneity in the sex-specific natural course of SBP and DBP in youth and in the magnitude of the effect of modifiable factors on SBP and DBP across trajectories. Distinguishing trajectories allows identification of subgroups at risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in life and in addition can inform the design of targeted interventions to attenuate high SBP and DBP trajectories over time and maintain normal trajectories.
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200
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Effect of fasting on 24-h blood pressure values of individuals with no previous history of hypertension. Blood Press Monit 2017; 22:247-252. [PMID: 28225380 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze the difference in 24-h blood pressure values during Ramadan of fasting and nonfasting individuals with no previous history of hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was planned as a multicenter research study in the cities of Izmit, Zonguldak, Sivas, and Adana. The percentage changes in the blood pressure of the patients were calculated from their blood pressure measurements at 0 h while they were resting. A Food Frequency Questionnaire was filled out by all participants. RESULTS Forty patients were included in the fasting group and 55 patients were included in the nonfasting group in the study. There was a difference between the two groups in percent changes of systolic measurements performed at the 4th (5% difference and P=0.020), 13th (6% difference and P=0.015), 14th (10% difference and P=0.017), 18th (9% difference and P=0.027), 19th (9% difference and P=0.020), and 20th (6% difference and P=0.014) hours with respect to the baseline measurement at the 0 h. There was a difference between the fasting and nonfasting groups in the Fasting Food Questionnaire results. Meat consumption was significantly higher in the fasting group. CONCLUSION A systolic blood pressure increase in fasting patients was observed in measurements at 18:00, 19:00, and 20:00 h. We believe that an increase of more than 10% in blood pressure at the time of iftar is an important result of our study in terms of the meal preferences of the individuals under risk.
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