151
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Zhang S, Han Z, Qi H, Zhang Z, Zheng Z, Duan X. Machine learning assisted microfluidics dual fluorescence flow cytometry for detecting bladder tumor cells based on morphological characteristic parameters. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1317:342899. [PMID: 39030022 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor and has become a major public health problem, leading the causes of death worldwide. The detection of BC cells is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and disease treatment. Urinary cytology based liquid biopsy remains high specificity for early diagnosis of BC, however, it still requires microscopy examination which heavily relies on manual operations. It is imperative to investigate the potential of automated and indiscriminate cell differentiation technology to enhance the sensitivity and efficiency of urine cytology. RESULTS Here, we developed a machine learning algorithm empowered dual-fluorescence flow cytometry platform (μ-FCM) for urinary cytology analysis. A phenotype characteristic parameter (CP) which correlated with the size of the cell and nucleus was defined to achieve the differentiation of the BC cells and uroepithelial cells with high throughput and high accuracy. Based on CP analysis, SV-HUC-1 cells were almost differentiated from EJ cells and effectively reduced the overlap with 5637 cells. To further differentiate SV-HUC-1 cells and 5637 cells, support vector machine (SVM) machine learning algorithm was optimized to assist data analysis with the highest accuracies of 84.7 % for cell differentiation including the specificity of 91.0 % and the sensitivity of 75.0 %. Furthermore, the false positive rate (FPR) compensation enabled the detection rates of rare BC cells predicted by the well-trained SVM model were close to the true proportions with the recognition error in 0.4 % for the tumor cells. SIGNIFICANCE As a proof of concept, the developed μ-FCM system successfully demonstrates the capacity to identify the distribution of exfoliated cells in real urine samples. This system underscores the significance of integrating AI with microfluidics to perform high-throughput phenotyping of exfoliated cells, offering a pathway toward scalable, efficient, and automatic microfluidic systems in the fields of both biosensing and in vitro diagnosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ziyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Zhiwen Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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152
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Liu Y, Jiang Y, Qiu P, Ma T, Bai Y, Bu J, Hu Y, Jin M, Zhu T, Gu X. RGS10 deficiency facilitates distant metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. eLife 2024; 13:RP97327. [PMID: 39145770 PMCID: PMC11326775 DOI: 10.7554/elife.97327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with breast cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to breast cancer metastasis. Regulator of G protein-signaling (RGS) proteins modulates metastasis in various cancers. This study identified a novel role for RGS10 in EMT and metastasis in breast cancer. RGS10 protein levels were significantly lower in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues, and deficiency in RGS10 protein predicted a worse prognosis in patients with breast cancer. RGS10 protein levels were lower in the highly aggressive cell line MDA-MB-231 than in the poorly aggressive, less invasive cell lines MCF7 and SKBR3. Silencing RGS10 in SKBR3 cells enhanced EMT and caused SKBR3 cell migration and invasion. The ability of RGS10 to suppress EMT and metastasis in breast cancer was dependent on lipocalin-2 and MIR539-5p. These findings identify RGS10 as a tumor suppressor, prognostic biomarker, and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Nursing, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiawen Bu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueting Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Breast Surgery of Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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153
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He J, Xie P, An XQ, Guo DF, Bi B, Wu G, Yu WF, Ren ZK, Zuo L. LncRNA NPTN-IT1-201 Ameliorates Depressive-like Behavior by Targeting miR-142-5p and Regulating Inflammation and Apoptosis via BDNF. Curr Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11596-024-2917-8. [PMID: 39145838 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely expressed in the brain and are associated with the development of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. However, their roles and molecular mechanisms in major depressive disorder (MDD) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify lncRNAs and miRNAs involved in the development of MDD and elucidate their molecular mechanisms. METHODS Transcriptome and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify miRNAs and lncRNAs related to MDD. C57 mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to establish a depression model. Lentiviruses containing either lncRNA NPTN-IT1-201 or miR-142-5p were microinjected into the hippocampal region of these mice. Behavioral tests including the sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swim test (FST) were conducted to evaluate depressive-like behaviors. RESULTS The results revealed that overexpression of lncRNA NPTN-IT1-201 or inhibition of miR-142-5p significantly ameliorated depressive-like behaviors in CUMS-treated mice. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed interactions between miR-142-5p with both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NPTN-IT1-201. ELISA analysis revealed significant alterations in relevant biomarkers in the blood samples of MDD patients compared to healthy controls. Histological analyses, including HE and Nissl staining, showed marked structural changes in brain tissues following CUMS treatment, which were partially reversed by lncRNA NPTN-IT1-201 overexpression or miR-142-5p inhibition. Immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated significant differences in the levels of BAX, Bcl2, p65, Iba1 among different treatment groups. TUNEL assays confirmed reduced apoptosis in brain tissues following these interventions. Western blotting showed the significant differences in BDNF, BAX, and Bcl2 protein levels among different treatment groups. CONCLUSION NPTN-IT1-201 regulates inflammation and apoptosis in MDD by targeting BDNF via miR-142-5p, making it a potential therapeutic target for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong An
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Dong-Fen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Bin Bi
- Psychosomatic Department, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Psychosomatic Department, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Zhen-Kui Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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154
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Saxena J, Das S, Kumar A, Sharma A, Sharma L, Kaushik S, Kumar Srivastava V, Jamal Siddiqui A, Jyoti A. Biomarkers in sepsis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119891. [PMID: 39067500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction. Despite advances in understanding its pathology, sepsis remains a global health concern and remains a major contributor to mortality. Timely identification is crucial for improving clinical outcomes, as delayed treatment significantly impacts survival. Accordingly, biomarkers play a pivotal role in diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. This review comprehensively discusses various biomarkers in sepsis and their potential application in antimicrobial stewardship and risk assessment. Biomarkers such as white blood cell count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, presepsin, and procalcitonin have been extensively studied for their diagnostic and prognostic value as well as in guiding antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, this review explores the role of biomarkers in risk stratification, emphasizing the importance of identifying high-risk patients who may benefit from specific therapeutic interventions. Moreover, the review discusses the emerging field of transcriptional diagnostics and metagenomic sequencing. Advances in sequencing have enabled the identification of host response signatures and microbial genomes, offering insight into disease pathology and aiding species identification. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding and future directions of biomarker-based approaches in sepsis diagnosis, management, and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Sarvjeet Das
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Anshu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology,and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology,and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanket Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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155
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Medina-Rodríguez EM, Martínez-Raga J, Sanz Y. Intestinal Barrier, Immunity and Microbiome: Partners in the Depression Crime. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:956-969. [PMID: 39084934 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.124.001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. It has a major impact on the affected individual and on society as a whole. Regrettably, current available treatments for this condition are insufficient in many patients. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a promising alternative target for treating and preventing depressive disorders. However, the microbes that form this ecosystem do not act alone but are part of a complicated network connecting the gut and the brain that influences our mood. Host cells that are in intimate contact with gut microbes, such as the epithelial cells forming the gut barrier and the immune cells in their vicinity, play a key role in the process. These cells continuously shape immune responses to maintain healthy communication between gut microbes and the host. In this article, we review how the interplay among epithelial cells, the immune system, and gut microbes mediates gut-brain communication to influence mood. We also discuss how advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis could contribute to addressing depression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review does not aim to systematically describe intestinal microbes that might be beneficial or detrimental for depression. We have adopted a novel point of view by focusing on potential mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between gut microbes and their intestinal environment to control mood. These pathways could be targeted by well defined and individually tailored dietary interventions, microbes, or microbial metabolites to ameliorate depression and decrease its important social and economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Medina-Rodríguez
- Psychiatry Service, Doctor Peset University Hospital, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., J.M.-R.); Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., Y.S.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.M.-R.)
| | - José Martínez-Raga
- Psychiatry Service, Doctor Peset University Hospital, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., J.M.-R.); Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., Y.S.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.M.-R.)
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Psychiatry Service, Doctor Peset University Hospital, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., J.M.-R.); Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain (E.M.M.-R., Y.S.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.M.-R.)
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156
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Shen Y, Yan J, Li L, Sun H, Zhang L, Li G, Wang X, Liu R, Wu X, Han B, Sun X, Liu J, Fan X. LOXL2-induced PEAR1 Ser891 phosphorylation suppresses CD44 degradation and promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177357. [PMID: 39145451 PMCID: PMC11324313 DOI: 10.1172/jci177357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44 is associated with a high risk of metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance in various cancers. Here we report that platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1) is a CD44 chaperone protein that protected CD44 from endocytosis-mediated degradation and enhances cleavage of the CD44 intracellular domain (CD44-ICD). Furthermore, we found that lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2), an endogenous ligand of PEAR1, bound to the PEAR1-EMI domain and facilitated the interaction between PEAR1 and CD44 by inducing PEAR1 Ser891 phosphorylation in a manner that was independent of its enzyme activity. Levels of PEAR1 protein and PEAR1 phosphorylation at Ser891 were increased in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), were positively correlated with expression of LOXL2 and CD44, and were negatively correlated with overall survival. The level of PEAR1 Ser891 phosphorylation was identified as the best independent prognostic factor in TNBC patients. The prognostic efficacy of the combination of PEAR1 phosphorylation at Ser891 and CD44 expression was superior to that of PEAR1 phosphorylation at Ser891 alone. Blocking the interaction between LOXL2 and PEAR1 with monoclonal antibodies significantly inhibited TNBC metastasis, representing a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
| | - Huiyan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
| | - Guoming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
| | - Xinxia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
| | - Ruoyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and
| | - Baosan Han
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
- Shanghai Synvida Biotechnology Co., Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
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157
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Tang L, Ding J, Yang K, Zong Z, Wu R, Li H. New insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00109-024-02473-1. [PMID: 39145815 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease with an unclear cause characterized by secondary osteophytes and degenerative changes in the articular cartilage. More than 250 million people are expected to be affected by it by 2050, putting a tremendous socioeconomic strain on the entire world. OA cannot currently be treated with any effective medications that change the illness. Over time, chondrocytes undergo gradual metabolic, structural, and functional changes as a result of aging or abuse. The degenerative progression of osteoarthritis is significantly influenced by the imbalance of chondrocyte homeostasis. By continuously recycling and rebuilding macromolecules or organelles, autophagy functions as a crucial regulatory system to maintain homeostasis during an individual's growth and development. This review uses chondrocytes as its starting point and establishes a strong connection between autophagy and osteoarthritis in order to thoroughly examine the mechanisms behind chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis. Biomarkers of chondrocyte autophagy will be identified, and prospective targeted medications and novel treatment approaches for slowing or preventing the course of OA will be developed based on chondrocyte senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis in OA. KEY MESSAGES: Currently, OA has not been treated with any drugs that can effectively cure it. We hope that by exploring specific targets in the course of osteoarthritis, we can promote the progress of treatment strategies. The degenerative progression of osteoarthritis is significantly influenced by the imbalance of chondrocyte balance. Through the continuous recovery and reconstruction of macromolecules or organelles, autophagy is an important regulatory system for maintaining homeostasis during individual growth and development. In this paper, the close relationship between autophagy and osteoarthritis was established with chondrocytes as the starting point, in order to further explore the mechanism of chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis. The development process of osteoarthritis was studied from the perspective of chondrocytes, and the change of autophagy level had a significant impact on osteoarthritis. Chondrocyte autophagy is mainly determined by intracellular mitochondrial autophagy, so we are committed to finding relevant molecules. Through PI3K/AKT- and MAPK-related pathways, the biomarkers of chondrocyte autophagy were identified, and chondrocyte senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis based on osteoarthritis provided a constructive idea for the development of prospective targeted drugs and new therapies to slow down or prevent the progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Third Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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158
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Lu KC, Tsai KW, Hu WC. Role of TGFβ-producing regulatory T cells in scleroderma and end-stage organ failure. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35590. [PMID: 39170360 PMCID: PMC11336735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial immune cells that initiate a tolerable immune response. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a key cytokine produced by Tregs and plays a significant role in stimulating tissue fibrosis. Systemic sclerosis, an autoimmune disease characterized by organ fibrosis, is associated with an overrepresentation of regulatory T cells. This review aims to identify Treg-dominant tolerable host immune reactions and discuss their association with scleroderma and end-stage organ failure. End-stage organ failures, including heart failure, liver cirrhosis, uremia, and pulmonary fibrosis, are frequently linked to tissue fibrosis. This suggests that TGFβ-producing Tregs are involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions. However, the exact significance of TGFβ and the mechanisms through which it induces tolerable immune reactions during end-stage organ failure remain unclear. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could lead to improved preventive and therapeutic strategies for these severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chung Hu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
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159
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Hu X, Yang L, Kang T, Yu H, Zhao T, Huang Y, Kong Y. Estimation of pathological subtypes in subsolid lung nodules using artificial intelligence. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34863. [PMID: 39170291 PMCID: PMC11336266 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the value of artificial intelligence (AI) for distinguishing pathological subtypes of invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas in patients with subsolid nodules (SSNs). Materials and methods This retrospective study included 110 consecutive patients with 120 SSNs. The qualitative and quantitative imaging characteristics of SSNs were extracted automatically using an artificially intelligent assessment system. Then, radiologists had to verify these characteristics again. We split all cases into two groups: non-IA including 11 Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and 25 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) or IA including 7 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and 77 invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). Variables that exhibited statistically significant differences between the non-IA and IA in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to determine the cut-off values and their diagnostic performances. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the major diameter (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.87; P = 0.036) and entropy of three-dimensional(3D) CT value (OR = 3.73, 95 % CI, 1.13-2.33, P = 0.031) were independent risk factors for adenocarcinomas. The cut-off values of the major diameter and the entropy of 3D CT value for the diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma were 15.5 mm and 5.17, respectively. To improve the classification performance, we fused the major diameter and the entropy of 3D CT value as a combined model, and the (AUC) of the model was 0.868 (sensitivity = 0.845, specificity = 0.806). Conclusion The major diameter and entropy of 3D CT value can distinguish non-IA from IA. AI can improve performance in distinguishing pathological subtypes of invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas in patients with SSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Tong Kang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanhua Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingkuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuanyi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Kong
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Chu Y, Pang B, Yang M, Wang S, Meng Q, Gong H, Kong Y, Leng Y. Exploring the possible therapeutic mechanism of Danzhixiaoyao pills in depression and MAFLD based on "Homotherapy for heteropathy": A network pharmacology and molecular docking. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35309. [PMID: 39170292 PMCID: PMC11336640 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Danzhixiaoyao pills (DXP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been effectively used in clinical practice to treat depression and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), but its therapeutic mechanism is not yet clear. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible mechanisms of DXP in treating depression and MAFLD using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques based on existing literature reports. Methods By combining TCMSP, Swiss ADME, Swiss TargetPrediction, and UniProt databases, the active ingredients and potential targets of DXP were screened and obtained. By searching for relevant disease targets through Gene Cards, OMIM, and TTD databases, intersection targets between drugs and diseases were obtained. The network of "Disease - Potential targets - Active ingredients - Traditional Chinese medicine - Prescriptions" was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software, and the PPI network was constructed using STRING 12.0 database. The core targets were obtained through topology analysis. GO function enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted based on DAVID. The above results were validated by molecular docking using PyMol 2.5 and AutoDock Tool 1.5.7 software, and their possible therapeutic mechanisms were discussed. Results Network pharmacology analysis obtained 130 main active ingredients of drugs, 173 intersection targets between drugs and diseases, and 37 core targets. Enrichment analysis obtained 1390 GO functional enrichment results, of which 922 were related to biological process, 107 were related to cellular component, 174 were related to molecular function, and obtained 180 KEGG pathways. Molecular docking has confirmed the good binding ability between relevant components and targets, and the literature discussion has preliminarily verified the above results. Conclusion DXP can act on targets such as TNF, AKT1, ALB, IL1B, TP53 through active ingredients such as kaempferol, quercetin, naringenin, isorhamnetin, glyuranolide, etc, and by regulating signaling pathways such as pathways in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, to exert its effect of "homotherapy for heteropathy" on depression and MAFLD. In addition, glyuranolide showed the strongest affinity with TNF (-7.88 kcal/mol), suggesting that it may play a key role in the treatment process. The research results provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the scientific connotation and mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine compound DXP, and provide new directions for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunHang Chu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - BingYao Pang
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Meng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - HongChi Gong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - YuDong Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Yang Y, Pu J, Yang Y. Glycolysis and chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35721. [PMID: 39170140 PMCID: PMC11336864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
While traditional high-dose chemotherapy can effectively prolong the overall survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and contribute to better prognostic outcomes, the advent of chemoresistance is a persistent challenge to effective AML management in the clinic. The therapeutic resistance is thought to emerge owing to the heterogeneous and adaptable nature of tumor cells when exposed to exogenous stimuli. Recent studies have focused on exploring metabolic changes that may afford novel opportunities to treat AML, with a particular focus on glycolytic metabolism. The Warburg effect, a hallmark of cancer, refers to metabolism of glucose through glycolysis under normoxic conditions, which contributes to the development of chemoresistance. Despite the key significance of this metabolic process in the context of malignant transformation, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking glycolysis to chemoresistance in AML remain incompletely understood. This review offers an overview of the current status of research focused on the relationship between glycolytic metabolism and AML resistance to chemotherapy, with a particular focus on the contributions of glucose transporters, key glycolytic enzymes, signaling pathways, non-coding RNAs, and the tumor microenvironment to this relationship. Together, this article will provide a foundation for the selection of novel therapeutic targets and the formulation of new approaches to treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Zigong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Jianlin Pu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong mental health Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - You Yang
- Department of Pediatrics (Children Hematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Hematological Oncology Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- The Second Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
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Smith C, Lin X, Parker L, Yeap BB, Hayes A, Levinger I. The role of bone in energy metabolism: A focus on osteocalcin. Bone 2024; 188:117238. [PMID: 39153587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms involved in whole body glucose regulation is key for the discovery of new treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Historically, glucose regulation was largely focused on responses to insulin and glucagon. Impacts of incretin-based therapies, and importance of muscle mass, are also highly relevant. Recently, bone was recognized as an endocrine organ, with several bone proteins, known as osteokines, implicated in glucose metabolism through their effects on the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Research efforts mostly focused on osteocalcin (OC) as a leading example. This review will provide an overview on this role of bone by discussing bone turnover markers (BTMs), the receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), sclerostin (SCL) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2), with a focus on OC. Since 2007, some, but not all, research using mostly OC genetically modified animal models suggested undercarboxylated (uc) OC acts as a hormone involved in energy metabolism. Most data generated from in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models, indicate that exogenous ucOC administration improves whole-body and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Although data in humans are generally supportive, findings are often discordant likely due to methodological differences and observational nature of that research. Overall, evidence supports the concept that bone-derived factors are involved in energy metabolism, some having beneficial effects (ucOC, OPG) others negative (RANKL, SCL), with the role of some (LCN2, other BTMs) remaining unclear. Whether the effect of osteokines on glucose regulation is clinically significant and of therapeutic value for people with insulin resistance and T2D remains to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Footscray, VIC, Australia.
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Abdollahi A, Aghayan HR, Mousivand Z, Motasadizadeh H, Maghsoudian S, Abdorashidi M, Ostad SN, Larijani B, Raoufi M, Javar HA. Chitosan based extruded nanofibrous bioscaffold for local delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to improve diabetic wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:262. [PMID: 39148112 PMCID: PMC11328517 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based treatment strategy has shown promise in bolstering the healing process of chronic wounds in diabetic patients, who are at risk of amputation and mortality. To overcome the drawbacks of suboptimal cell retention and diminished cell viability at the injury site, a novel nanofibrous biomaterial-based scaffold was developed by using a controlled extrusion of a polymeric solution to deliver the cells (human adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) and placenta-derived MSCs (PLMSCs)) locally to the animal model of diabetic ulcers. METHODS The physicochemical and biological properties of the nano-bioscaffold were characterized in terms of microscopic images, FTIR spectroscopy, tensile testing, degradation and swelling tests, contact angle measurements, MTT assay, and cell attachment evaluation. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, a study using an excisional wound model was conducted on diabetic rats. RESULTS The SEM and AFM images of scaffolds revealed a network of uniform nanofibers with narrow diameters between 100-130 nm and surface roughness less than 5 nm, respectively. ADMSCs and PLMSCs had a typical spindle-shaped or fibroblast-like morphology when attached to the scaffold. Desired characteristics in terms of swelling, hydrophilicity, biodegradation rate, and biocompatibility were achieved with the CS70 formulation. The wound healing process was accelerated according to wound closure rate assay upon treatment with MSCs loaded scaffold resulting in increased re-epithelialization, neovascularization, and less inflammatory reaction. Our findings unequivocally demonstrated that the cell-loaded nano-bioscaffold exhibited more efficacy compared with its acellular counterpart. In summation, our study underscores the potential of this innovative cellular scaffold as a viable solution for enhancing the healing of diabetic ulcers. CONCLUSION The utilization of MSCs in a nanofibrous biomaterial framework demonstrates significant promise, providing a novel avenue for advancing wound care and diabetic ulcer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyeh Abdollahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousivand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Maghsoudian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadmohsen Abdorashidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Meng S, Xing S, Xu H, Li J, Jiang Y, He H, Cai H, Li M. Integrated analysis of intestinal microbial community and muscle transcriptome profile in rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2024:2387015. [PMID: 39145993 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2387015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal microbial community plays an important part in maintaining health and skeletal muscle development in livestock. This study is the first of its kind in the world. In order to better understand the relationship between gut microbiota and gene expression in skeletal muscle of rabbits, caecum contents and longissimus dorsi tissues of rabbits at 0 d (S1), 35 d (S2) and 70d (S3) were collected and subjected for 16S rRNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. Our results showed that, among three groups of rabbits, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla at the phylum level, while Akmansia, Bacteroides and Ruminobacter were the dominant genera at the genus level, and the relative abundance of Akmansia and Bacteroides increased firstly and then decreased from 0 d to 70 d. By analyzing the transcriptome sequencing data, we identified 2866, 2446 and 4541 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S1 vs S2, S2 vs S3 and S1 vs S3 groups, respectively. Finally, we performed correlation analysis between gut microbiota and the expression levels of muscle development-related genes of rabbits at 0 d and 70 d. Compared with 0 day old rabbits, in 70 day old rabbits Acinetobacter and Cronbacter with decreased abundance, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcus_1 with increase abundance is beneficial to caecum health in rabbits. These results will lay a foundation for further re-searches about the relationship between caecum microflora and muscle development in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Biyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hanfang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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Cao L, Jing X, Liu L, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhou J, Peng H, Zhang J, Li F, Wang X, Zhao L. MZT2A serves as a prognostic biomarker and promotes the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35695. [PMID: 39170571 PMCID: PMC11336887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
MZT2A is a novel core component in the γ-tubulin ring complex and aberrantly expressed in some types of tumors. However, MZT2A expression pattern across different cancers and its role in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma have not been sufficiently investigated. A thorough analysis of MZT2A expression landscape across 33 cancer types was conducted, utilizing 712 normal samples and 9807 tumor samples from TCGA (version 37.0), as well as 5112 normal samples from the GTEx databases. MZT2A's impact on KIRC cell viability and proliferation were evaluated through BrdU assays and monitored by cell imaging readers in MZT2A-expressing plasmid or siRNA-transfected cells. Additionally, the effects of MZT2A on cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected using flow cytometry and Western blot. WGCNA analysis was employed to construct a co-expression gene network associated with MZT2A expression in KIRC, and Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to examine the relationships between pairs of genes. MZT2A is overexpressed in 25 out of 33 types of cancer, including KIRC. In KIRC, high level of MZT2A was associated with higher clinical stage progression and poorer patients' survival. Downregulation of MZT2A decreased KIRC cell proliferation, retarded cell cycle and promoted apoptosis, while upregulation of MZT2A produced the opposite effects. WGCNA analysis and in vitro experiments revealed that MZT2A activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in KIRC. In all, MZT2A was overexpressed in most types of tumors. MZT2A served as an oncogene in KIRC and might be a potential target for guiding future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xintao Jing
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Hang Peng
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, PR China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Biomedical Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Le Zhao
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
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Ferro A, Bottosso M, Dieci MV, Scagliori E, Miglietta F, Aldegheri V, Bonanno L, Caumo F, Guarneri V, Griguolo G, Pasello G. Clinical applications of radiomics and deep learning in breast and lung cancer: A narrative literature review on current evidence and future perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 203:104479. [PMID: 39151838 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiomics, analysing quantitative features from medical imaging, has rapidly become an emerging field in translational oncology. Radiomics has been investigated in several neoplastic malignancies as it might allow for a non-invasive tumour characterization and for the identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Over the last few years, evidence has been accumulating regarding potential clinical applications of machine learning in many crucial moments of cancer patients' history. However, the incorporation of radiomics in clinical decision-making process is still limited by low data reproducibility and study variability. Moreover, the need for prospective validations and standardizations is emerging. In this narrative review, we summarize current evidence regarding radiomic applications in high-incidence cancers (breast and lung) for screening, diagnosis, staging, treatment choice, response, and clinical outcome evaluation. We also discuss pro and cons of the radiomic approach, suggesting possible solutions to critical issues which might invalidate radiomics studies and propose future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferro
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Michele Bottosso
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Elena Scagliori
- Radiology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Federica Miglietta
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Vittoria Aldegheri
- Radiology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanno
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Francesca Caumo
- Unit of Breast Radiology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Gaia Griguolo
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata 64, Padua 35128, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
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Zhao M, Chang L, Yu J, Wang J, Song Y, Su S, Chen C, Lun Y, Cheng F, Zhao Y, Zhou C. A multicenter retrospective study of antidepressant use in outpatient clinics in China pre- and post-COVID. Int J Clin Pharm 2024:10.1007/s11096-024-01776-0. [PMID: 39141181 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyzing antidepressant prescribing in real-world settings can provide clinicians and health policymakers valuable information. AIM This epidemiological study examined the status and trends in antidepressant prescribing among the Chinese population from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2022. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted in three hospitals. Data were collected 2.5 years before and 2.5 years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the number of patients diagnosed with depression and their corresponding antidepressant prescriptions. Using the chi-square test, stratified analyses were performed to explore the characteristics of these prescriptions in different ages and sexes. RESULTS The study included 124,355 patients and 400,840 antidepressant prescriptions. We observed fluctuating upward trends in the number of patients and antidepressant prescriptions. Post-COVID-19, the number of patients increased by 37.1% compared to the pre-pandemic period, and the number of antidepressant prescriptions rose by 88.3%. The three most frequently prescribed antidepressants for adolescents were sertraline, citalopram, and escitalopram. Among adults, citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline were most common, while in older adults, citalopram, escitalopram, and mirtazapine were predominant. Male patients used mirtazapine, venlafaxine, paroxetine, bupropion, fluvoxamine, vortioxetine, and clomipramine more frequently compared to female patients, who were more likely to be prescribed citalopram, flupentixol/melitracen, agomelatine, and fluoxetine. Antidepressant monotherapy represented 76.6% of prescriptions, with the most common combination being antidepressants and anxiolytics. CONCLUSION Over the past 5 years, both the number of patients and antidepressant prescriptions have shown upward trends, and the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted prescribing. Understanding the changes in antidepressant prescriptions can identify adherence to national guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of the Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Luyao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of the Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of the Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shi Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroimmunological Regulation and Mental Health of Hebei Province, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaoli Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Lun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroimmunological Regulation and Mental Health of Hebei Province, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
- Department of the Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Ozcicek I, Baydas G, Erim UC, Ustundag UV. Quercetin/polyethyleneimine modified gold nanoconjugates inhibit apoptosis and ROS production induced by hydrogen peroxide in DRG sensory neurons. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00310-1. [PMID: 39151794 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The basis of most neurological syndromes is the accumulation of free radical molecules. Quercetin is a polyphenolic bioflavonoid molecule and it has a very strong antioxidant effect by maintaining oxidative balance. There are many difficulties in the clinical use of quercetin due to its hydrophobic structure, low solubility, instability, poor oral bioavailability, and limited tissue-barrier penetration. Its synergistic use in complex with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could overcome these problems. AuNPs have recently emerged as an attractive candidate for delivery applications of various biomolecules and drugs. The aim of this study was to synthesize two different sized gold nanoparticles (AuNP20 and AuNP50) modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and quercetin, evaluate their potential neuroprotective effects on the in vitro oxidative stress model using DRG primary sensory neurons. It was shown that the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic ability of the bioflavonoid was preserved after exposure to the designed quercetin modified AuNPs. The PEI surface coating increased the stability and biocompatibility of the AuNPs in both sizes. It also potentially enables additional surface functionalization. This study indicates that designed nanoparticles (AuNP-Q-PEI) with different sizes could be a useful potential platform for the treatment of neurodegenerative syndromes or cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ozcicek
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gulsena Baydas
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Can Erim
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Unsal Veli Ustundag
- Department of Basic Medical Scinces, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Elnagi EA, Al-Maqati TN, Maawadh RM, AlBahrani S, Al Khalaf FS, Alzahrani FM, Nazzal W, Alanazi M, Abdali AS, Al Atawi AS, Al-Jamea LH, Alshehri AM, ALshammari AA, Suliman RS, Al Bassam I. A Retrospective Study: Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized Patients. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:735-749. [PMID: 39195007 DOI: 10.3390/idr16040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact globally, and understanding the relationship between inflammatory markers and disease progression is crucial for effective management. This retrospective study aimed to examine the association between various inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, ferritin, and procalcitonin (PCT), and the characteristics of disease progression and outcomes in individuals affected by COVID-19. METHODS This study collected raw data from 470 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. RESULTS The logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated LDH levels were associated with male gender, ICU admission, low oxygen saturation (O2 < 93%), the need for mechanical ventilation, death, and the presence of lung infiltrates. Higher D-dimer levels were associated with older age, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, and low oxygen saturation. Ferritin levels were significantly associated with older age, ICU admission, low oxygen saturation, mechanical ventilation, and lung infiltrates. In contrast, CRP was only significant regarding lung infiltrates and procalcitonin levels were not significantly associated with any of the examined factors. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of monitoring key inflammatory markers, such as LDH, D-dimer, and ferritin, as they are significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19 illness. These findings can inform clinical decision-making and guide the development of targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmoeiz A Elnagi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thekra N Al-Maqati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan M Maawadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma AlBahrani
- Internal Medicine Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Salem Al Khalaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Nazzal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alanazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Abdali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Saleh Al Atawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamiaa H Al-Jamea
- Department of Medical Laboratory, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Awad ALshammari
- Department of Medical Laboratory, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Saad Suliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al Bassam
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang X, Li T, Lu YQ. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for paraquat-induced lung injury. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:70. [PMID: 39136896 PMCID: PMC11322247 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Paraquat poisoning results in significant pulmonary damage, but current treatments are only minimally effective in repairing the injured lung tissues. Recent research has highlighted the promise of using stem cell therapy, namely mesenchymal stem cells, as a new method for treating paraquat toxicity. These cells have shown effectiveness in decreasing inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the mice lungs subjected to paraquat. The therapeutic implications of mesenchymal stem cells are believed to arise from their release of bioactive proteins and their capacity to regulate inflammatory responses. However, additional clinical study is required to validate these therapies' efficacy. This review thoroughly explores the pathophysiology of paraquat poisoning and the properties of mesenchymal stem cells. Additionally, it critically assesses the long-term safety and effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell therapies, which is crucial for developing more dependable and effective treatment protocols. In summary, although mesenchymal stem cells offer promising prospects for treating lung injuries, more investigations are required to optimize their therapeutic promise and ensure their safe clinical application in the context of paraquat poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaping Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Physic-Chemical and Aging-Related Injuries, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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Little B, Flowers C, Blamire A, Thelwall P, Taylor JP, Gallagher P, Cousins DA, Wang Y. Multivariate brain-cognition associations in euthymic bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2024. [PMID: 39138611 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with bipolar disorder (BD) tend to show widespread cognitive impairment compared to healthy controls. Impairments in processing speed (PS), attention and executive function (EF) may represent 'core' impairments that have a role in wider cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive impairments appear to relate to structural brain abnormalities in BD, but whether core deficits are related to particular brain regions is unclear and much of the research on brain-cognition associations is limited by univariate analysis and small samples. METHODS Euthymic BD patients (n = 56) and matched healthy controls (n = 26) underwent T1-weighted MRI scans and completed neuropsychological tests of PS, attention and EF. We utilised public datasets to develop normative models of cortical thickness (n = 5977) to generate robust estimations of cortical abnormalities in patients. Canonical correlation analysis was used to assess multivariate brain-cognition associations in BD, controlling for age, sex and premorbid IQ. RESULTS BD showed impairments on tests of PS, attention and EF, and abnormal cortical thickness in several brain regions compared to healthy controls. Impairments in tests of PS and EF were most strongly associated with cortical thickness in the left inferior temporal, right entorhinal and right temporal pole areas. CONCLUSION Impairments in PS, attention and EF can be observed in euthymic BD and may be related to abnormal cortical thickness in temporal regions. Future research should continue to leverage normative modelling and multivariate methods to examine complex brain-cognition associations in BD. Future research may benefit from exploring covariance between traditional brain structural morphological metrics such as cortical thickness, cortical volume and surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Little
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carly Flowers
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Blamire
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Thelwall
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Andrew Cousins
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yujiang Wang
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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172
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Lian S, Su J, Fatima I, Zhang Y, Kuang T, Hu H, Qu D, Si H, Sun W. Revealing the exceptional antioxidant activity of phosphorylated polysaccharides from medicinal Abrus cantoniensis Hance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134532. [PMID: 39142474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Abrus cantoniensis Polysaccharides (ACP) exhibit antioxidant activity and immune-regulatory functions. Abrus cantoniensis Hance widely distributed in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions of China. In this study, this research investigated the impact of phosphorylation modification on the biological activity of ACP, aiming to provide theoretical insights for its development. This research modified ACP through phosphorylation and evaluated changes in its in vitro antioxidant capacity, including free radical scavenging and resistance to cellular oxidative damage. Additionally, this research administered both native ACP and phosphorylated ACP (P-ACP) to mice to assess their protective effects against acute ethanol-induced oxidative injury. This research explored whether these effects were mediated through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and their influence on gut microbiota. Results revealed that phosphorylation significantly enhanced ACP's antioxidant capacity and protective effects (p < 0.05). P-ACP improved mice resistance to acute oxidative injury, mitigating the adverse effects of 50 % ethanol (p < 0.05). Moreover, both ACP and P-ACP are involved in modulating the expression of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and, to some extent, alter the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. In summary, phosphorylation modification effectively enhances ACP's antioxidant capacity and provides better protection against acute oxidative injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaitao Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Su
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Israr Fatima
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tiantian Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongjie Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongshuai Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Grass Station, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, No. 1303 Jiaoyu East Road, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China.
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173
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Li Y, Zhou H, He X, Jin L, Zhu Y, Hu L, Feng M, Zhu J, Wang L, Zheng Y, Li S, Yan Z, Cen P, Hu J, Chen Z, Yu X, Fu X, Xu C, Cao S, Cao Y, Chen G, Wang L. Impaired microglial glycolysis promotes inflammatory responses after intracerebral haemorrhage via HK2-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00359-X. [PMID: 39142439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease that leads to severe neurological deficits. Microglia are the first line of defence in the brain and play a crucial role in neurological recovery after ICH, whose activities are primarily driven by glucose metabolism. However, little is known regarding the status of glucose metabolism in microglia and its interactions with inflammatory responses after ICH. OBJECTIVES This study investigated microglial glycolysis and its mechanistic effects on microglial inflammation after ICH. METHODS We explored the status of glucose metabolism in the ipsilateral region and in fluorescence-activated-cell-sorting-isolated (FACS-isolated) microglia via 2-deoxy-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) analyses and gamma emission, respectively. Energy-related targeted metabolomics, along with 13C-glucose isotope tracing, was utilised to analyse glycolytic products in microglia. Mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MitoROS) accumulation was assessed by flow cytometry. Behavioural, western blotting, gene regulation, and enzymatic activity analyses were conducted with a focus on microglia. RESULTS Neurological dysfunction was strongly correlated with decreased FDG-PET signals in the perihaematomal region, where microglial uptake of FDG was reduced. The decreased quantity of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) in microglia was attributed to the downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hexokinase 2 (HK2). Enhanced inflammatory responses were driven by HK2 suppression via decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, which could be rescued by MitoROS scavengers. HK inhibitors aggravated neurological injury by suppressing FDG uptake and enhancing microglial inflammation in ICH mice. CONCLUSION These findings indicate an unexpected metabolic status in pro-inflammatory microglia after ICH, consisting of glycolysis impairment caused by the downregulation of GLUT1 and HK2. Additionally, HK2 suppression promotes inflammatory responses by disrupting mitochondrial function, providing insight into the mechanisms by which inflammation may be facilitated after ICH and indicating that metabolic enzymes as potential targets for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuchao He
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingji Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Majing Feng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonghe Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peili Cen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiongjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Naully PG, Tan MI, Agustiningsih A, Sukowati C, Giri-Rachman EA. cccDNA epigenetic regulator as target for therapeutical vaccine development against hepatitis B. Ann Hepatol 2024; 30:101533. [PMID: 39147134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) remains a global health concern, with currently available antiviral therapies demonstrating limited effectiveness in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Two primary challenges in CHB treatment include the persistence of the minichromosome, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the failure of the host immune response to eliminate cccDNA. Recent findings indicate several host and HBV proteins involved in the epigenetic regulation of cccDNA, including HBV core protein (HBc) and HBV x protein (HBx). Both proteins might contribute to the stability of the cccDNA minichromosome and interact with viral and host proteins to support transcription. One potential avenue for CHB treatment involves the utilization of therapeutic vaccines. This paper explores HBV antigens suitable for epigenetic manipulation of cccDNA, elucidates their mechanisms of action, and evaluates their potential as key components of epigenetically-driven vaccines for CHB therapy. Molecular targeted agents with therapeutic vaccines offer a promising strategy for addressing CHB by targeting the virus and enhancing the host's immunological response. Despite challenges, the development of these vaccines provides new hope for CHB patients by emphasizing the need for HBV antigens that induce effective immune responses without causing T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gita Naully
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Cimahi 40525, Indonesia
| | - Marselina Irasonia Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Agustiningsih Agustiningsih
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | - Caecilia Sukowati
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia; Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34049, Trieste, Italy
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Riaz A, Ali S, Summer M, Noor S, Nazakat L, Aqsa, Sharjeel M. Exploring the underlying pharmacological, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of phytochemicals against wounds: a molecular insight. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01545-5. [PMID: 39138746 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous cellular, humoral, and molecular processes are involved in the intricate process of wound healing. PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous bioactive substances, such as ß-sitosterol, tannic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, and pyrogallol, along with their pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, have been reviewed. These phytochemicals work together to promote angiogenesis, granulation, collagen synthesis, oxidative balance, extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and re-epithelialization during wound healing. FINDINGS AND NOVELTY To improve wound contraction, this review delves into how the application of each bioactive molecule mediates with the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of wound healing to speed up the process. This review also reveals the underlying mechanisms of the phytochemicals against different stages of wound healing along with the differentiation of the in vitro evidence from the in vivo evidence There is growing interest in phytochemicals, or plant-derived compounds, due their potential health benefits. This calls for more scientific analysis and mechanistic research. The various pathways that these phytochemicals control/modulate to improve skin regeneration and wound healing are also briefly reviewed. The current review also elaborates the immunomodulatory modes of action of different phytochemicals during wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfah Riaz
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shehzeen Noor
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Nazakat
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sharjeel
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Xu Y, Bian S, Shang L, Wang X, Bai X, Zhang W. Phytochemistry, pharmacological effects and mechanism of action of volatile oil from Panax ginseng C.A.Mey: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1436624. [PMID: 39193331 PMCID: PMC11347760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1436624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), a traditional and highly valued botanical drug, has been used for thousands of years and is known around the world for its uses in food, medicine, and healthcare. The comprehensive study of P. ginseng is crucial for the quality assurance of medicinal materials and optimal resource utilization. Despite being present in trace amounts, P. ginseng volatile oil has a wide range of chemical metabolites with important medicinal potential. The volatile oil has shown promise in defending the cardiovascular system, as well as in terms of its ability of antibacterial, anti-aging, anti-platelet coagulation, anti-inflammatory, support the nervous system nutritionally, and shield it from harm. Due to its low composition and lack of thorough investigation, P. ginseng volatile oil's therapeutic applicability is still restricted although it exhibited many benefits. This review aims to provide insights into the chemical composition, extraction processes, pharmacological effects, and mechanisms of action of P. ginseng volatile oil, and to provide theoretical support and guidelines for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Bian
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - LiYing Shang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Ye Y, Lian R, Li Z, Chen X, Huang Y, Yao J, Lu A, Lang J, Liu P, Chen C. Predictive value of number of metastatic lymph nodes and lymph node ratio for prognosis of patients with FIGO 2018 stage IIICp cervical cancer: a multi-center retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1005. [PMID: 39138415 PMCID: PMC11320992 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the cut-off values for the number of metastatic lymph nodes (nMLN) and lymph node ratio (LNR) that can predict outcomes in patients with FIGO 2018 IIICp cervical cancer (CC). METHODS Patients with CC who underwent radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy were identified for a propensity score-matched (PSM) cohort study. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the critical nMLN and LNR values. Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. RESULTS This study included 3,135 CC patients with stage FIGO 2018 IIICp from 47 Chinese hospitals between 2004 and 2018. Based on ROC curve analysis, the cut-off values for nMLN and LNR were 3.5 and 0.11, respectively. The final cohort consisted of nMLN ≤ 3 (n = 2,378) and nMLN > 3 (n = 757) groups and LNR ≤ 0.11 (n = 1,748) and LNR > 0.11 (n = 1,387) groups. Significant differences were found in survival between the nMLN ≤ 3 vs the nMLN > 3 (post-PSM, OS: 76.8% vs 67.9%, P = 0.003; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.411, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.108-1.798, P = 0.005; DFS: 65.5% vs 55.3%, P < 0.001; HR: 1.428, 95% CI: 1.175-1.735, P < 0.001), and the LNR ≤ 0.11 and LNR > 0.11 (post-PSM, OS: 82.5% vs 76.9%, P = 0.010; HR: 1.407, 95% CI: 1.103-1.794, P = 0.006; DFS: 72.8% vs 65.1%, P = 0.002; HR: 1.347, 95% CI: 1.110-1.633, P = 0.002) groups. CONCLUSIONS This study found that nMLN > 3 and LNR > 0.11 were associated with poor prognosis in CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Ye
- Department of Midwifery, School of Health, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rui Lian
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yahong Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jilong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Anwei Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 510086, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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178
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Vogel JM, Pollack B, Spier E, McCorkell L, Jaudon TW, Fitzgerald M, Davis H, Cohen AK. Designing and optimizing clinical trials for long COVID. Life Sci 2024; 355:122970. [PMID: 39142505 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Long COVID is a debilitating, multisystemic illness following a SARS-CoV-2 infection whose duration may be indefinite. Over four years into the pandemic, little knowledge has been generated from clinical trials. We analyzed the information available on ClinicalTrials.gov, and found that the rigor and focus of trials vary widely, and that the majority test non-pharmacological interventions with insufficient evidence. We highlight promising trials underway, and encourage the proliferation of clinical trials for treating Long COVID and other infection-associated chronic conditions and illnesses (IACCIs). We recommend several guidelines for Long COVID trials: First, pharmaceutical trials with potentially curative, primary interventions should be prioritized, and both drug repurposing and new drug development should be pursued. Second, study designs should be both rigorous and accessible, e.g., triple-blinded randomized trials that can be conducted remotely, without participants needing to leave their homes. Third, studies should have multiple illness comparator cohorts for IACCIs such as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS) and dysautonomia, and screen for the full spectrum of symptomatology and pathologies of these illnesses. Fourth, studies should consider inclusion/exclusion criteria with an eye towards equity and breadth of representation, including participants of all races, ethnicities, and genders most impacted by COVID-19, and including all levels of illness severity. Fifth, involving patient-researchers in all aspects of studies brings immensely valuable perspectives that will increase the impact of trials. We also encourage the development of efficient clinical trial designs including methods to study several therapies in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moore Vogel
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America.
| | - Beth Pollack
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ezra Spier
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America
| | - Lisa McCorkell
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America
| | - Toni Wall Jaudon
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | | | - Hannah Davis
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America
| | - Alison K Cohen
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America; University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, 550 16th street, 2nd floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
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179
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Basuli D, Kavcar A, Roy S. From bytes to nephrons: AI's journey in diabetic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s40620-024-02050-2. [PMID: 39133462 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-02050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a significant complication of type 2 diabetes, posing a global health risk. Detecting and predicting diabetic kidney disease at an early stage is crucial for timely interventions and improved patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated promise in healthcare, and several tools have recently been developed that utilize Machine Learning with clinical data to detect and predict DKD. This review aims to explore the current landscape of AI and machine learning applications in DKD, specifically examining existing literature on risk scores and machine learning approaches for predicting DKD development. A literature search was conducted using Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, and Scopus databases until July 2023. Relevant keywords were used to extract studies that described the role of AI in DKD. The review revealed that AI and machine learning have been successfully used to predict DKD progression, outperforming traditional risk score models. Artificial intelligence-driven research for DKD extends beyond prediction models, offering opportunities for integrating genetic and epigenetic data, advancing understanding of the disease's molecular basis, personalizing treatment strategies, and fostering the development of novel drugs. However, challenges remain, including the requirement for large datasets and the lack of standardization in AI-driven tools for DKD. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have the potential to revolutionize the management and care of DKD patients, surpassing the limitations of traditional methods reliant on existing knowledge. Future research should address the challenges associated with AI and machine learning in DKD and focus on developing AI-driven tools for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debargha Basuli
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 2355 W Arlington Blvd, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Akil Kavcar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Sasmit Roy
- Department of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Lynchburg, VA, USA
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Elzohery YHAM, Radwan AH, Gareer SWY, Mamdouh MM, Moaz I, Khalifa AM, Mohen OA, Elithy MFAA, Hassaan M. Micropapillary breast carcinoma in comparison with invasive duct carcinoma. Does it have an aggressive clinical presentation and an unfavorable prognosis? BMC Cancer 2024; 24:992. [PMID: 39129012 PMCID: PMC11318177 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) was first proposed as an entity by Fisher et al. In the 2003 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for histologic classification of the breast tumors. IMPC was recognized as a distinct, rare histological subtype of breast cancer. IMPC is emerging as a surgical and oncological challenge due to its tendency to manifest as a palpable mass, larger in size and higher in grade than IDC with more rate of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and lymph node (LN) involvement, which changes the surgical and adjuvant management plans to more aggressive, with comparative prognosis still being a point of ongoing debate. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we compared the clinicopathological characteristics, survival and surgical management of breast cancer patients having invasive micropapillary carcinoma pathological subtype in comparison to those having invasive duct carcinoma. METHOD This is a comparative study on female patients presented to Baheya center for early detection and treatment of breast cancer, in the period from 2015 to 2022 diagnosed with breast cancer of IMPC subtype in one group compared with another group of invasive duct carcinoma. we analyzed 138 cases of IMPC and 500 cases of IDC. RESULTS The incidence of LVI in the IMPC group was 88.3% in comparison to 47.0% in the IDC group (p < 0.001). IMPC had a higher incidence of lymph node involvement than the IDC group (68.8% and 56% respectively). IMPC had a lower rate of breast conserving surgery (26% vs.37.8%) compared with IDC. The survival analysis indicated that IMPC patients had no significant difference in overall survival compared with IDC patients and no differences were noted in locoregional recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate comparing IMPCs with IDCs. CONCLUSION The results from our PSM analysis suggested that there was no statistically significant difference in prognosis between IMPC and IDC patients after matching them with similar clinical characteristics. However, IMPC was found to be more aggressive, had larger tumor size, greater lymph node metastasis rate and an advanced tumor stage.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Female
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Aged
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/mortality
- Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery
- Adult
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Hany Abdel Moamen Elzohery
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Baheya Center for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amira H Radwan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, NCI, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Baheya Center for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherihan W Y Gareer
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, NCI, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Baheya Center for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona M Mamdouh
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Baheya Center for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas Moaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Liver Institute, Menoufia, Egypt
- Baheya Center for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Osama Abdel Mohen
- Baheya Center for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Hassaan
- Baheya Center for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
- Departement of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Kothari S, Afshar Y, Friedman LS, Ahn J. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Pregnancy-Related Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Expert Review. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)05118-7. [PMID: 39140906 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
DESCRIPTION The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Clinical Practice Update is to review the available published evidence and expert advice regarding the clinical management of patients with pregnancy-related gastrointestinal and liver disease. METHODS This expert review was commissioned and approved by the AGA Institute Clinical Practice Updates Committee and the AGA Governing Board to provide timely guidance on a topic of high clinical importance to the AGA membership and underwent internal peer review by the Clinical Practice Updates Committee and external peer review through the standard procedures of Gastroenterology. This article provides practical advice for the management of pregnant patients with gastrointestinal and liver disease based on the best available published evidence. The Best Practice Advice statements were drawn from a review of the published literature and from expert opinion. Because formal systematic reviews were not performed, these Best Practice Advice statements do not carry formal ratings regarding the quality of evidence or strength of the presented considerations. Best Practice Advice Statements BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 1: To optimize gastrointestinal and liver disease before pregnancy, preconception and contraceptive care counseling by a multidisciplinary team should be encouraged for reproductive-aged persons who desire to become pregnant. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 2: Procedures, medications, and other interventions to optimize maternal health should not be withheld solely because a patient is pregnant and should be individualized after an assessment of the risks and benefits. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 3: Coordination of birth for a pregnant patient with complex inflammatory bowel disease, advanced cirrhosis, or a liver transplant should be managed by a multidisciplinary team, preferably in a tertiary care center. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 4: Early treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy may reduce progression to hyperemesis gravidarum. In addition to standard diet and lifestyle measures, stepwise treatment consists of symptom control with vitamin B6 and doxylamine, hydration, and adequate nutrition; ondansetron, metoclopramide, promethazine, and intravenous glucocorticoids may be required in moderate to severe cases. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 5: Constipation in pregnant persons may result from hormonal, medication-related, and physiological changes. Treatment options include dietary fiber, lactulose, and polyethylene glycol-based laxatives. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 6: Elective endoscopic procedures should be deferred until the postpartum period, whereas nonemergent but necessary procedures should ideally be performed in the second trimester. Pregnant patients with cirrhosis should undergo evaluation for, and treatment of, esophageal varices; upper endoscopy is suggested in the second trimester (if not performed within 1 year before conception) to guide consideration of nonselective β-blocker therapy or endoscopic variceal ligation. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 7: In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, clinical remission before conception, during pregnancy, and in the postpartum period is essential for improving outcomes of pregnancy. Biologic agents should be continued throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period; use of methotrexate, thalidomide, and ozanimod must be stopped at least 6 months before conception. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 8: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during pregnancy may be performed for urgent indications, such as choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and some cases of gallstone pancreatitis. Ideally, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should be performed during the second trimester, but if deferring the procedure may be detrimental to the health of the patient and fetus, a multidisciplinary team should be convened to decide on the advisability of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 9: Cholecystectomy is safe during pregnancy; a laparoscopic approach is the standard of care regardless of trimester, but ideally in the second trimester. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 10: The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is based on a serum bile acid level >10 μmol/L in the setting of pruritus, typically during the second or third trimester. Treatment should be offered with oral ursodeoxycholic acid in a total daily dose of 10-15 mg/kg. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 11: Management of liver diseases unique to pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia; hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome; and acute fatty liver of pregnancy requires planning for delivery and timely evaluation for possible liver transplantation. Daily aspirin prophylaxis for patients at risk for pre-eclampsia or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome is advised beginning at week 12 of gestation. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 12: In patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, serum hepatitis B virus DNA and liver biochemical test levels should be ordered. Patients not on treatment but with a serum hepatitis B virus DNA level >200,000 IU/mL during the third trimester of pregnancy should be considered for treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 13: In patients on immunosuppressive therapy for chronic liver diseases or after liver transplantation, therapy should be continued at the lowest effective dose during pregnancy. Mycophenolate mofetil should not be administered during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Kothari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
| | - Yalda Afshar
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lawrence S Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Mesa-Restrepo A, Byers E, Brown JL, Ramirez J, Allain JP, Posada VM. Osteointegration of Ti Bone Implants: A Study on How Surface Parameters Control the Foreign Body Response. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4662-4681. [PMID: 39078702 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The integration of titanium (Ti)-based implants with bone is limited, resulting in implant failure. This lack of osteointegration is due to the foreign body response (FBR) that occurs after the implantation of biodevices. The process begins with protein adsorption, which is governed by implant surface properties, e.g., chemistry, charge, wettability, and/or topography. The distribution and composition of the protein layer in turn influence the recruitment, differentiation, and modulation of immune and bone cells. The subsequent events that occur at the bone-material interface will ultimately determine whether the implant is encapsulated or will integrate with bone. Despite the numerous studies evaluating the influence of surface properties in the various stages of the FBR, the factors that affect tissue-material interactions are often studied in isolation or in small correlations due to the technical challenges involved in assessing them in vitro or in vivo. Consequently, the influence of protein conformation on the Ti bone implant surface design remains an unresolved research question. The objective of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the existing literature on the effect of surface parameters of Ti and its alloys in the stages of FBR, with a particular focus on protein adsorption and osteoimmunomodulation. This evaluation aims to systematically describe these effects on bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mesa-Restrepo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Elizabeth Byers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Justin L Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Juan Ramirez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 64C nro 73-120, 050024 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Viviana M Posada
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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183
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Ouyang SB, Wu ZH, Zhang YP, Lu XL. Comprehensive analysis of risk factors for flap necrosis in free flap reconstruction of postoperative tissue defects in oral and maxillofacial tumors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18676. [PMID: 39134569 PMCID: PMC11319768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Free flap reconstruction for postoperative tissue defects in oral and maxillofacial tumors is a critical component of reconstructive surgery. Identifying risk factors for flap necrosis is essential for improving surgical outcomes and patient quality of life. A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent free flap reconstruction between January 2020 and December 2023. Patients were included if they had comprehensive medical records and at least a six-month follow-up. We excluded those with a history of flap necrosis, uncontrolled systemic diseases, non-adherence to postoperative care, or concurrent malignancy treatments. Data on demographics, comorbidities, flap characteristics, and operative details were collected and analyzed using univariate analysis and logistic regression tests. Univariate analysis did not find a significant correlation between flap necrosis and factors such as hyperlipidemia, lymph node metastasis, or flap type. However, diabetes mellitus, oral infections, and albumin levels below 35 g/L were significantly associated with flap necrosis. Multivariate logistic regression showed diabetes mellitus increased the odds of flap necrosis by approximately ninefold, and oral infection increased it by over tenfold. Diabetes mellitus, oral infection, and low albumin levels are significant risk factors for flap necrosis in free flap reconstruction after oral and maxillofacial surgery. Prompt identification and management of these factors are crucial to mitigate the risk of flap necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Bo Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 49 Fuzhou Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Jiujiang University, 69 Xunyang East Road, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332099, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Nanchang Dental Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, 190 Shengli Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Lu
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 49 Fuzhou Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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184
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Cui M, Guo Q, Zhao S, Liu X, Yang C, Liu P, Wang L. An untargeted comparative metabolomics analysis of infants with and without late-onset breast milk jaundice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308710. [PMID: 39133689 PMCID: PMC11318923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset breast milk jaundice (LBMJ) is a common form of hyperbilirubinemia, which can result in serious complications for newborns with persistently high bilirubin levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in fecal metabolites between breastfed infants with and without LBMJ in order to elucidate potential biological mechanisms. METHODS Biological samples were collected from 12 infants with LBMJ and 12 healthy individuals. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was utilized for non-targeted determination of fecal metabolites. Principal components analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and differential metabolite analysis were performed in both positive ion mode and negative ion mode for the two groups. Additionally, the KEGG database was employed to comprehensively analyze the pathways of differential metabolites. RESULTS There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal demographic characteristics between the two groups (p > 0.05). The results of PCA and cluster heat map analysis in both modes showed that there were significant differences in metabolites between the two groups. Among 751 differential metabolites (DMs) detected in positive ion mode, 720 were up-regulated in the case group while 31 were down-regulated. In negative ion mode, 1891 DMs were detected, including 817 up-regulated metabolites and 1074 down-regulated metabolites in the case group. Analysis of differential metabolic pathways showed that the DMs of the two groups were mainly annotated and enriched in Biotin metabolism, N-Glycan biosynthesis, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Pyrimidine metabolism, and Pentose and glucuronate interconversions. CONCLUSION Significant differences exist in fecal metabolites between LBMJ infants and healthy controls. The study of differential metabolic pathways provides insights into the mechanism of LBMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Cui
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianying Guo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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185
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Hu Y, Feng Z, An G, Lv Z, Wang J, Cui Y, Corrigan CJ, Wang W, Li Q, Ying S. Edwardsiella tarda induces airways inflammation and production of autoantibodies against lung tissues through regulation of the IL-33-ST2 axis. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 39126327 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent chronic respiratory disease characterised by irreversible airways obstruction associated with chronic airways inflammation and remodelling, while the pathogenesis and the mechanistic differences between patients remain to be fully elucidated. We previously reported that alarmin cytokine IL-33 may contribute to the production of autoantibodies against respiratory epithelial cells. Here we expand the hypothesis that pulmonary autoimmune responses induced by airway microbiota also contribute to the progression of COPD. We focused on Edwardsiella tarda which we detected uniquely in the induced sputum of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Pernasal challenge of the airways of WT mice with supernatants of cultured E. tarda induced marked, elevated expression of IL-33 in the lung tissues. Immunisation of animals with supernatants of cultured E. tarda resulted in significantly elevated airways inflammation, the formation of tertiary lymphatic structures and significantly elevated proportions of T follicular helper T cells in the lung tissue and mediastinal lymph nodes. Interestingly, such challenge also induced production of IgG autoantibodies directed against lung tissue lysate, alveolar epithelial cell proteins and elastin fragment, while putrescine, one of metabolites generated by the bacterium, might play an important role in the autoantibody production. Furthermore, all of these effects were partly but significantly abrogated in mice with deletion of the IL-33 receptor ST2. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that COPD is progressed at least partly by airways microbiota such as E. tarda initiating autoimmune attack of the airways epithelium mediated at least partly through the IL-33-ST2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gao An
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chris J Corrigan
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Laboratory, Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Sajeev A, Sailo B, Unnikrishnan J, Talukdar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Alqahtani A, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Unlocking the potential of Berberine: Advancing cancer therapy through chemosensitization and combination treatments. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217019. [PMID: 38849013 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in cancer treatment options, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs remains a significant challenge. This review focuses on Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid found in various medicinal plants, which has garnered attention in the field of oncology for its anticancer potential either alone or in combination with other compounds and its ability to modulate chemoresistance, acting as a natural chemosensitizer. BBR's ability to modulate chemoresistance is attributed to its diverse mechanisms of action, including inducing DNA breaks, inhibition of drug efflux pumps, modulation of apoptosis and necroptosis, downregulating multidrug resistance genes, enhancing immune response, suppressing angiogenesis and targeting multiple pathways within cancer cells, including protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1), janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT), Wnt/β-catenin etc. Moreover, BBR, in combination with other compounds, also offers a promising approach to cancer therapy, enforcing its broad-spectrum anticancer effects. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the intricate mechanism of action of BBR in combinatorial therapy as a potential chemosensitizer to increase the efficiency of several drugs, including cisplatin, doxorubicin, lapatinib, tamoxifen, irinotecan, niraparib, etc. in various cancers. Additionally, this review briefly covers the origin and biological activities of BBR, exploring the specific actions underlying its anticancer effects. Further, pharmacokinetic properties of BBR are also discussed, providing insight into its therapeutic potential and optimization of its use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Bethsebie Sailo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Jyothsna Unnikrishnan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ayesha Talukdar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athba Alqahtani
- Research Centre, King Fahad Medical City. P.O. Box: 59046, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, 117600, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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187
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Rahman MM, Jo YY, Kim YH, Park CK. Current insights and therapeutic strategies for targeting TRPV1 in neuropathic pain management. Life Sci 2024; 355:122954. [PMID: 39128820 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, a common symptom of several disorders, exerts a substantial socioeconomic burden worldwide. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel predominantly ex-pressed in nociceptive neurons, plays a pivotal role in nociception, by detecting various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including heat, pro-inflammatory mediators, and physical stressors. Dysregulation of TRPV1 signaling further contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting TRPV1 is a promising strategy for developing novel analgesics with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Several pharmacological approaches to modulate TRPV1 activity, including agonists, antagonists, and biological TRPV1 RNA interference (RNAi, small interfering RNA [siRNA]) have been explored. Despite preclinical success, the clinical translation of TRPV1-targeted therapies has encountered challenges, including hyperthermia, hypothermia, pungency, and desensitization. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts aim to refine TRPV1-targeted interventions through structural modifications, development of selective modulators, and discovery of natural, peptide-based drug candidates. Herein, we provide guidance for researchers and clinicians involved in the development of new interventions specifically targeting TRPV1 by reviewing the existing literature and highlighting current research activities. This study further discusses potential future research endeavors for enhancing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of TRPV1 candidates, and thereby facilitates the translation of these discoveries into effective clinical interventions to alleviate neuropathic pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Yi Jo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Xu R, Bi Y, He X, Zhang Y, Zhao X. Kidney-tonifying blood-activating decoction delays ventricular remodeling in rats with chronic heart failure by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p65 nuclear factor kappa-B/aquaporin-4 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118110. [PMID: 38580189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myocardial infarction has likely contributed to the increased prevalence of heart failure(HF).As a result of ventricular remodeling and reduced cardiac function, colonic blood flow decreases, causing mucosal ischemia and hypoxia of the villous structure of the intestinal wall.This damage in gut barrier function increases bowel wall permeability, leading to fluid metabolism disorder,gut microbial dysbiosis, increased gut bacteria translocation into the circulatory system and increased circulating endotoxins, thus promoting a typical inflammatory state.Traditional Chinese Medicine plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of HF.Kidney-tonifying Blood-activating(KTBA) decoction has been proved for clinical treatment of chronic HF.However,the mechanism of KTBA decoction on chronic HF is still unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY The effect of KTBA decoction on gut microbiota and metabolites and p38MAPK/p65NF-κB/AQP4 signaling in rat colon was studied to investigate the mechanism that KTBA decoction delays ventricular remodeling and regulates water metabolism disorder in rats with HF after myocardial infarction based on the theory of "Kidney Storing Essence and Conducting Water". MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo,a rat model of HF after myocardial infarction was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery combined with exhaustive swimming and starvation.The successful modeling rats were randomly divided into five groups:model group, tolvaptan group(gavaged 1.35mg/(kg•D) tolvaptan),KTBA decoction group(gavaged 15.75g/(kg•D) of KTBA decoction),KTBA decoction combined with SB203580(p38MAPK inhibitor) group(gavaged 15.75g/(kg•D) of KTBA decoction and intraperitoneally injected 1.5mg/(kg•D) of SB203580),and KTBA decoction combined with PDTC(p65NF-kB inhibitor) group(gavaged 15.75g/(kg•D) of KTBA decoction and intraperitoneally injected 120mg/(kg•D) of PDTC).The sham-operation group and model group were gavaged equal volume of normal saline.After 4 weeks of intervention with KTBA decoction,the effect of KTBA decoction on the cardiac structure and function of chronic HF model rats was observed by ultrasonic cardiogram.General state and cardiac index in rats were evaluated.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration in rat serum.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining,and transmission electron microscope(TEM) were used to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of myocardial and colonic tissue,and myocardial fibrosis was measured by Masson's staining.Cardiac E-cadherin level was detected by Western blot.The mRNA expression and protein expression levels of p38MAPK,I-κBα, p65NF-κB,AQP4,Occludin and ZO-1 in colonic tissue were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Protein expression of p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK,I-κBα,p-I-κBα,p65NF-κB, p-p65NF-κB,AQP4,Occludin and ZO-1 in rat colon was detected using Western blot.Colonic microbiota and serum metabolites were respectively analyzed by amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.In vitro, CCD-841CoN cell was placed in the ischemic solution under hypoxic conditions (94%N2,5%CO2,and 1%O2) in a 37 °C incubator to establish an ischemia and hypoxia model.The CCD-841CoN cells were divided into 7 groups, namely blank group and model group with normal rat serum plus control siRNA, tolvaptan group with rat serum containing tolvaptan plus control siRNA, KTBA group with rat serum containing KTBA plus control siRNA, KTBA plus p38MAPK siRNA group, KTBA plus p65NF-κB siRNA group,and KTBA plus AQP4siRNA group.After 24h and 48h of intervention with KTBA decoction,RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence and Western blot was used to detect the mRNA expression and protein expression levels of p38MAPK,I-κBα,p65NF-κB,AQP4, Occludin and ZO-1 in CCD-841CoN cells. RESULTS Compared with the model, KTBA decoction improved the general state, decraesed the serum NT-proBNP level,HW/BW ratio, LVIDd and LVIDs, increased E-cadherin level,EF and FS,reduced number of collagen fibers deposited in the myocardial interstitium,and recovered irregular arrangement of myofibril and swollen or vacuolated mitochondria with broken crista in myocardium.Moreover, KTBA decoction inhibited the expression of p38MAPK,I-κBα,and p65NF-κB and upregulated AQP4, Occludin and ZO-1 in colon tissues and CCD-841CoN cells.Additionally,p38siRNA or SB203580, p65siRNA or PDTC, and AQP4siRNA partially weakened the protective effects of KTBA in vitro and vivo.Notably,The LEfSe analysis results showed that there were six gut biomaker bacteria in model group, including Allobaculum, Bacillales,Turicibacter, Turicibacterales,Turicibacteraceae,and Bacilli. Besides, three gut biomaker bacteria containing Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae,and Desulfovibrionales were enriched by KTBA treatment in chronic HF model.There were five differential metabolites, including L-Leucine,Pelargonic acid, Capsidiol,beta-Carotene,and L- Erythrulose, which can be regulated back in the same changed metabolic routes by the intervention of KTBA.L-Leucine had the positive correlation with Bacillales, Turicibacterales,Turicibacteraceae,and Turicibacter.L-Leucine significantly impacts Protein digestion and absorption, Mineral absorption,and Central carbon metabolism in cancer regulated by KTBA, which is involved in the expression of MAPK and tight junction in intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS KTBA decoction manipulates the expression of several key proteins in the p38MAPK/p65NF-κB/AQP4 signaling pathway, modulates gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improves gut barrier function, delays cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis,and improves cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang,Liaoning 110847,China
| | - Yanping Bi
- Jilin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Jilin,Jilin 132000,China
| | - Xiaoteng He
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang,Liaoning 110847,China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
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189
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Jian X, Jiang G, Wang J. Recent advances of aggregation-induced emission luminogens for point-of-care biosensing systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8484-8496. [PMID: 39042090 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of chemical compounds in body fluids and tissues is important for diagnosis of diseases and assessment of the effectiveness of treatment programs. Point-of-care (POC) sensors based on fluorescence signals have been widely used in the rapid detection of various infectious diseases. However, the aggregation-caused quenching phenomenon of conventional fluorescent probes limits the sensitivity and accuracy of fluorescent POC sensors. In this review, we first focus on aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based POC detection for early diagnosis of diseases and then describe how to use mechanisms of AIE to improve the sensitivity of POC testing. This review gives a summary of the design mechanisms of AIE probes in AIE-based biosensors. Subsequently, it summarizes the design strategies of AIE-based POC sensors in the detection of ions, small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and whole entity (cells, bacteria, viruses, and exosomes), placing an emphasis on signal amplification. Finally, it gives an overview of AIE-based POC biosensors, including probes, instruments, and applications. We hope that this review will provide valuable guidance for further expanding the application of AIE luminogens in POC biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
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190
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Xu J, Zeng Q, Li S, Su Q, Fan H. Inflammation mechanism and research progress of COPD. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404615. [PMID: 39185405 PMCID: PMC11341368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease characterized by irreversible progressive airflow limitation, often manifested by persistent cough, sputum production and other respiratory symptoms that pose a serious threat to human health and affect the quality of life of patients. The disease is associated with chronic inflammation, which is associated with the onset and progression of COPD, but anti-inflammatory therapy is not first-line treatment. Inflammation has multiple manifestations and phenotypes, and this heterogeneity reveals different patterns of inflammation, making treatment difficult. This paper aims to explore the direction of more effective anti-inflammatory treatment by analyzing the nature of inflammation and the molecular mechanism of disease occurrence and development in COPD patients, and to provide new ideas for the treatment of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xu
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyue Zeng
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoli Su
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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191
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Song X, Zhang H, Han Y, Lou S, Zhao E, Dong Y, Yang C. Based on hematoma and perihematomal tissue NCCT imaging radiomics predicts early clinical outcome of conservatively treated spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18546. [PMID: 39122887 PMCID: PMC11315882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a very serious kind of stroke. If the outcome of patients can be accurately assessed at the early stage of disease occurrence, it will be of great significance to the patients and clinical treatment. The present study was conducted to investigate whether non-contrast computer tomography (NCCT) models of hematoma and perihematomal tissues could improve the accuracy of short-term prognosis prediction in ICH patients with conservative treatment. In this retrospective analysis, a total of 166 ICH patients with conservative treatment during hospitalization were included. Patients were randomized into a training group (N = 132) and a validation group (N = 34) in a ratio of 8:2, and the functional outcome at 90 days after clinical treatment was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Radiomic features of hematoma and perihematomal tissues of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm were extracted from NCCT images. Clinical factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictive factors. In the validation group, the mean area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the hematoma was 0.830, the AUC of the perihematomal tissue within 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm was 0.792, 0.826, 0.774, respectively, and the AUC of the combined model of hematoma and perihematomal tissue within 10 mm was 0.795. The clinical-radiomics nomogram consisting of five independent predictors and radiomics score (Rad-score) of the hematoma model were used to assess 90-day functional outcome in ICH patients with conservative treatment. Our findings found that the hematoma model had better discriminative efficacy in evaluating the early prognosis of conservatively managed ICH patients. The visual clinical-radiomics nomogram provided a more intuitive individualized risk assessment for 90-day functional outcome in ICH patients with conservative treatment. The hematoma could remain the primary therapeutic target for conservatively managed ICH patients, emphasizing the need for future clinical focus on the biological significance of the hematoma itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Song
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Han
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shiyun Lou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Endong Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
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192
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Liu T, Meng G, Ma S, You J, Yu L, He R, Zhao X, Cui Y. Progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1455716. [PMID: 39185414 PMCID: PMC11341420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Among primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common pathological type. Its onset is insidious, and most patients have no obvious discomfort in the early stage, so it is found late, and the opportunity for surgical radical treatment is lost, resulting in a poor prognosis. With the introduction of molecular-targeted drugs represented by sorafenib, patients with middle- and late-stage liver cancer have regained the light of day. However, their therapeutic efficacy is relatively low due to the limited target of drug action, toxic side effects, and other reasons. At this time, the emergence of immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) well breaks this embarrassing situation, which mainly achieves the anti-tumor purpose by improving the tumor immune microenvironment. Currently, ICI monotherapy, as well as combination therapy, has been widely used in the clinic, further prolonging the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. This article reviews the development of monotherapy and combination therapy for ICIs in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and the latest research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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193
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Liu SN, Li W. Japanese spotted fever in an area endemic to SFTS virus: Case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39268. [PMID: 39121308 PMCID: PMC11315496 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The geographic spread of Japanese spotted fever (JSF) in China is gradually expanding, particularly in regions where severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is highly prevalent, with both diseases sharing similarities in epidemiology and clinical presentation. The microbiological diagnosis of JSF is challenging, compounded by low awareness among healthcare professionals in newly affected areas. Moreover, primary healthcare facilities without polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing capabilities for SFTS often misdiagnose JSF as SFTS. PATIENT CONCERNS All 3 patients had a history of working in the fields, with cold like symptoms in the early fever stages, but the fever did not improve after a few days. The accompanying symptoms were also very different. Physical examination revealed enlarged lymph nodes, different forms of rash, with or without eschar. Laboratory tests showed thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and transaminase, with 1 patient experiencing renal damage. It is worth noting that these 3 patients reside in an area where SFTS is endemic, and there have been no prior reports of JSF. They exhibited clinical symptoms and laboratory test results closely resembling those of SFTS. Therefore, they were initially misdiagnosed with SFTS in their local hospitals. DIAGNOSES The 3 patients who arrived at our hospital 7 days after symptom onset and were subsequently diagnosed with JSF by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). INTERVENTIONS Doxycycline treatment for 1 week. OUTCOMES The patients' symptoms quickly improved with no side effects, and the results of laboratory tests went back to normal. LESSONS By comparing the clinical characteristics of JSF patients and SFTS patients comprehensively, we found that APTT and procalcitonin levels may be valuable in assisting in the identification of SFTS and JSF. In all areas where tick-borne diseases are endemic, include SFTS-epidemic areas, we recommend using the Weil-Felix test to screen for potential rickettsiosis in patients presenting with fever and thrombocytopenia with or without rash in primary healthcare settings, as well as simultaneous testing for the SFTS virus and spotted fever group rickettsioses sequence. Additionally, mNGS sequencing should be used to confirm the diagnosis and provide information for epidemiological investigations in patients who are suspected of having spotted fever group rickettsiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-nan Liu
- Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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194
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Li C, Mao Y, Liu Y, Hu J, Su C, Tan H, Hou X, Ou M. Machine learning-based integration develops a multiple programmed cell death signature for predicting the clinical outcome and drug sensitivity in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2024:00001813-990000000-00320. [PMID: 39132895 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis and treatment are closely associated with various programmed cell death (PCD) patterns. However, the coregulatory role of multiple PCD patterns in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. In this study, we developed a multiple PCD index (MPCDI) based on 19 PCD patterns using two machine learning algorithms for risk stratification, prognostic prediction, construction of nomograms, immune cell infiltration analysis, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity analysis. As a result, in the TCGA-COAD, GSE17536, and GSE29621 cohorts, the MPCDI can effectively distinguished survival outcomes in CRC patients and served as an independent factor for CRC patients. We then explored the immune infiltration landscape in two groups using the nine algorithms and found more overall immune infiltration in the high-MPCDI group. TIDE scores suggested that the increased immune evasion potential and immune checkpoint inhibition therapy may be less effective in the high-MPCDI group. Immunophenoscores indicated that anti-PD1, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (anti-CTLA4), and anti-PD1-CTLA4 combination therapies are less effective in the high-MPCDI group. In addition, the high-MPCDI group was more sensitive to AZD1332, Foretinib, and IGF1R_3801, and insensitive to AZD3759, AZD5438, AZD6482, Erlotinib, GSK591, IAP_5620, and Picolinici-acid, which suggests that the MPCDI can guide drug selection for CRC patients. As a new clinical classifier, the MPCDI can more accurately distinguish CRC patients who benefit from immunotherapy and develop personalized treatment strategies for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Li
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
| | - Yuhua Mao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
| | - Jiahua Hu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
| | - Chunchun Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University and
| | - Haiyin Tan
- School of Medical Laboratory Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xianliang Hou
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
| | - Minglin Ou
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
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195
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Hussain MS, Asgher U, Nisar S, Socha V, Shaukat A, Wang J, Feng T, Paracha RZ, Khan MA. Enhanced accuracy with Segmentation of Colorectal Polyp using NanoNetB, and Conditional Random Field Test-Time Augmentation. Front Robot AI 2024; 11:1387491. [PMID: 39184863 PMCID: PMC11341306 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1387491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colonoscopy is a reliable diagnostic method to detect colorectal polyps early on and prevent colorectal cancer. The current examination techniques face a significant challenge of high missed rates, resulting in numerous undetected polyps and irregularities. Automated and real-time segmentation methods can help endoscopists to segment the shape and location of polyps from colonoscopy images in order to facilitate clinician's timely diagnosis and interventions. Different parameters like shapes, small sizes of polyps, and their close resemblance to surrounding tissues make this task challenging. Furthermore, high-definition image quality and reliance on the operator make real-time and accurate endoscopic image segmentation more challenging. Deep learning models utilized for segmenting polyps, designed to capture diverse patterns, are becoming progressively complex. This complexity poses challenges for real-time medical operations. In clinical settings, utilizing automated methods requires the development of accurate, lightweight models with minimal latency, ensuring seamless integration with endoscopic hardware devices. To address these challenges, in this study a novel lightweight and more generalized Enhanced Nanonet model, an improved version of Nanonet using NanonetB for real-time and precise colonoscopy image segmentation, is proposed. The proposed model enhances the performance of Nanonet using Nanonet B on the overall prediction scheme by applying data augmentation, Conditional Random Field (CRF), and Test-Time Augmentation (TTA). Six publicly available datasets are utilized to perform thorough evaluations, assess generalizability, and validate the improvements: Kvasir-SEG, Endotect Challenge 2020, Kvasir-instrument, CVC-ClinicDB, CVC-ColonDB, and CVC-300. Through extensive experimentation, using the Kvasir-SEG dataset, our model achieves a mIoU score of 0.8188 and a Dice coefficient of 0.8060 with only 132,049 parameters and employing minimal computational resources. A thorough cross-dataset evaluation was performed to assess the generalization capability of the proposed Enhanced Nanonet model across various publicly available polyp datasets for potential real-world applications. The result of this study shows that using CRF (Conditional Random Fields) and TTA (Test-Time Augmentation) enhances performance within the same dataset and also across diverse datasets with a model size of just 132,049 parameters. Also, the proposed method indicates improved results in detecting smaller and sessile polyps (flats) that are significant contributors to the high miss rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Computer Science, Sir Syed (CASE) Institute of Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umer Asgher
- Laboratory of Human Factors and Automation in Aviation, Department of Air Transport, Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czechia
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Nisar
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Vladimir Socha
- Laboratory of Human Factors and Automation in Aviation, Department of Air Transport, Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czechia
- Department of Information and Communication Technology in Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Arslan Shaukat
- Department of Computer and Software Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CoEME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Physical Education, Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CoEME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wang MJ, Wang YC, Masson E, Wang YH, Yu D, Qian YY, Tang XY, Deng SJ, Hu LH, Wang L, Wang LJ, Rebours V, Cooper DN, Férec C, Li ZS, Chen JM, Zou WB, Liao Z. SEC16A Variants Predispose to Chronic Pancreatitis by Impairing ER-to-Golgi Transport and Inducing ER Stress. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402550. [PMID: 39119875 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex disease with genetic and environmental factors at play. Through trio exome sequencing, a de novo SEC16A frameshift variant in a Chinese teenage CP patient is identified. Subsequent targeted next-generation sequencing of the SEC16A gene in 1,061 Chinese CP patients and 1,196 controls reveals a higher allele frequency of rare nonsynonymous SEC16A variants in patients (4.90% vs 2.93%; odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-2.33). Similar enrichments are noted in a French cohort (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.67-4.50) and in a biobank meta-analysis (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.31). Notably, Chinese CP patients with SEC16A variants exhibit a median onset age 5 years earlier than those without (40.0 vs 45.0; p = 0.012). Functional studies using three CRISPR/Cas9-edited HEK293T cell lines show that loss-of-function SEC16A variants disrupt coat protein complex II (COPII) formation, impede secretory protein vesicles trafficking, and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to protein overload. Sec16a+/- mice, which demonstrate impaired zymogen secretion and exacerbated ER stress compared to Sec16a+/+, are further generated. In cerulein-stimulated pancreatitis models, Sec16a+/- mice display heightened pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis compared to wild-type mice. These findings implicate a novel pathogenic mechanism predisposing to CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan-Chen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Emmanuelle Masson
- Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Univ Brest, Brest, F-29200, France
- Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU Brest, Brest, F-29200, France
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang-Yang Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin-Ying Tang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shun-Jiang Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liang-Hao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology Department, Beaujon Hospital, APHP - Clichy, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 92110, France
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Claude Férec
- Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Univ Brest, Brest, F-29200, France
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Univ Brest, Brest, F-29200, France
| | - Wen-Bin Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhuan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Ide S, Murakami Y, Futatsuya K, Anai K, Yoshimatsu Y, Fukumitsu S, Tsukamoto J, Hashimoto T, Adachi H, Ueda I, Kakeda S, Aoki T. Usefulness of Olfactory Bulb Measurement in 3D-FIESTA in Differentiating Parkinson Disease from Atypical Parkinsonism. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024; 45:1141-1152. [PMID: 38871365 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson disease is a prevalent disease, with olfactory dysfunction recognized as an early nonmotor manifestation. It is sometimes difficult to differentiate Parkinson disease from atypical parkinsonism using conventional MR imaging and motor symptoms. It is also known that olfactory loss occurs to a lesser extent or is absent in atypical parkinsonism. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined olfactory bulb changes to differentiate Parkinson disease from atypical parkinsonism, even in an early diagnosis, and its association with conventional MR imaging findings. Hence, we aimed to assess the utility of olfactory bulb measurements in differentiating Parkinson disease from atypical parkinsonism even in the early stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, we enrolled 108 patients with Parkinson disease, 13 with corticobasal syndrome, 15 with multiple system atrophy, and 17 with progressive supranuclear palsy who developed parkinsonism. Thirty-nine age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. All subjects underwent conventional MR imaging and 3D FIESTA for olfactory bulb measurements using manual ROI quantification of the cross-sectional olfactory bulb area using the coronal plane. Bilateral olfactory bulb measurements were averaged. For group comparisons, we used the Welch t test, and we assessed diagnostic accuracy using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Patients with Parkinson disease had a mean olfactory bulb area of 4.2 (SD, 1.0 mm2), significantly smaller than in age-matched healthy subjects (6.6 [SD, 1.7 mm2], P < .001), and those with corticobasal syndrome (5.4 [SD, 1.2 mm2], P < .001), multiple system atrophy (6.5 [SD, 1.2 mm2], P < .001), and progressive supranuclear palsy (5.4 [SD, 1.2 mm2], P < .001). The receiver operating characteristic analysis for the olfactory bulb area measurements showed good diagnostic performance in differentiating Parkinson disease from atypical parkinsonism, with an area under the curve of 0.87, an optimal cutoff value of 5.1 mm2, and a false-positive rate of 18%. When we compared within 2 years of symptom onset, the olfactory bulb in Parkinson disease (4.2 [SD, 1.1 mm2]) remained significantly smaller than in atypical parkinsonism (versus corticobasal syndrome (6.1 [SD, 0.7 mm2]), P < .001; multiple system atrophy (6.3 [SD, 1.4 mm2]), P < .001; and progressive supranuclear palsy (5.2 [1.3 mm2], P = .003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS 3D FIESTA-based olfactory bulb measurement holds promise for distinguishing Parkinson disease from atypical parkinsonism, especially in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ide
- From the Department of Radiology (S.I., Y.M., K.F., K.A., Y.Y., S.F., J.T., T.A.), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yu Murakami
- From the Department of Radiology (S.I., Y.M., K.F., K.A., Y.Y., S.F., J.T., T.A.), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koichiro Futatsuya
- From the Department of Radiology (S.I., Y.M., K.F., K.A., Y.Y., S.F., J.T., T.A.), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kenta Anai
- From the Department of Radiology (S.I., Y.M., K.F., K.A., Y.Y., S.F., J.T., T.A.), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshimatsu
- From the Department of Radiology (S.I., Y.M., K.F., K.A., Y.Y., S.F., J.T., T.A.), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- From the Department of Radiology (S.I., Y.M., K.F., K.A., Y.Y., S.F., J.T., T.A.), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Jun Tsukamoto
- From the Department of Radiology (S.I., Y.M., K.F., K.A., Y.Y., S.F., J.T., T.A.), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hashimoto
- Department of Neurology (T.H., H.A), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology (T.H., H.A), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Issei Ueda
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, (I.U.), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Radiology (S.K.), Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Aoki
- From the Department of Radiology (S.I., Y.M., K.F., K.A., Y.Y., S.F., J.T., T.A.), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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He K, Liu S, Shi J, Zhang P, Chen L, Wang B, Zhang J. The effect of long-term hemodialysis on diabetic retinopathy observed by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:334. [PMID: 39123172 PMCID: PMC11316430 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes can cause chronic microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). DR and DN can lead to or exacerbate diabetic macular edema (DME). Hemodialysis (HD) is the main treatment method for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to DN. PURPOSE The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine the immediate effect of single HD session on retinal and choroidal thickness in DR patients with ESKD and the features of DR and the prevalence of DME in these patients who have received long-term HD. METHODS Eighty-five eyes of 44 DR patients with ESKD who underwent long-term HD were examined by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Based on OCTA images, the characteristics of DR and the prevalence of DME in these patients were analyzed. Changes in central retinal thickness (CRT), central retinal volume (CRV), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and subfoveal choroidal volume (SFCV) within 30 min before and after single HD session were compared. CRT, CRV, SFCT and SFCV were compared before single HD session and before the next single HD session. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the average CRT (251.69 ± 39.21 μm vs. 251.46 ± 39.38 μm, P = 0.286) or CRV (0.15 ± 0.62 μm vs. 0.15 ± 0.63 μm, P = 0.324) between before and after single HD session. After single HD session, SFCT (243.11 ± 77.15 μm vs. 219.20 ± 72.84 μm, P < 0.001) and SFCV (0.15 ± 0.10 μm vs. 0.13 ± 0.90 μm, P < 0.001) significantly decreased. There was no statistically significant difference in CRT (251.69 ± 39.21 μm vs. 251.11 ± 38.47 μm, P = 0.206), CRV (0.15 ± 0.62 μm vs. 0.15 ± 0.61 μm, P = 0.154), SFCT (243.11 ± 77.15 μm vs. 245.41 ± 76.23 μm, P = 0.108), or SFCV (0.15 ± 0.10 μm vs. 0.16 ± 0.10 μm, P = 0.174) before HD and before the next single HD session. On en face OCTA images, eighty-five eyes (100%) had retinal nonperfusion areas, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) enlargement, and abnormal retinal microvasculature. Based on cross-sectional OCTA images, retinal neovascularization (RNV) was confirmed in 42 eyes (49.41%), and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs) were detected in 85 eyes (100%). Seventeen eyes (20%) still had DME, all of which were cystoid macular edema (CME). Among eyes with DME, the epiretinal membrane (ERM) was present in 7 eyes (8.24%). CONCLUSIONS For DR patients with ESKD who have undergone long-term HD, the choroidal thickness still changes significantly before and after single HD session, which may be related to short-term effects such as reduced blood volume and plasma osmotic pressure caused by single HD session. Although macular features seem to have stabilized in DR patients undergoing long-term dialysis, the DR of patients with ESKD should still be given attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, China
| | - Suijun Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, China
| | - Jingbo Shi
- Department of Hemodialysis, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, China.
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, China
| | - Bozhao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, China
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Hu D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Lu Z, Li H. Sanqi oral solution ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing fibroblast activation via HIF-1α/PKM2/glycolysis pathway in chronic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118679. [PMID: 39121930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sanqi oral solution (SQ) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine, widely used to treat chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in the clinic in China. Previous studies have confirmed its anti-renal fibrosis effect, but the specific pharmacological mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Focusing on energy metabolism in fibroblasts, the renoprotective mechanism of SQ was investigated in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Firstly, the fingerprint of SQ was constructed and its elementary chemical composition was analyzed. In the 5/6Nx rats experiment, the efficacy of SQ on the kidney was evaluated by detecting serum and urine biochemical indexes and pathological staining of renal tissues. Lactic acid and pyruvic acid levels in serum and renal tissues were detected. PCNA protein expression in kidney tissue was detected by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. Expression levels of HIF-1α, PKM2 and HK2 were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot or RT-qPCR assay. In addition, the effect of SQ intervention on cell proliferation and glycolysis was evaluated in TGF-β1-induced NRK-49F cells, and the role of SQ exposure and HIF-1α/PKM2/glycolysis pathway were further investigated by silencing and overexpressing HIF-1α gene in NRK-49F cells. RESULTS In 5/6 Nx rats, SQ effectively improved renal function and treated renal injury. It reduced the levels of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in kidney homogenates from CKD rats and decreased the expression levels of HIF-1α, PKM2, HK2, α-SMA, vimentin, collagen I and PCNA in kidney tissues. Similar results were observed in vitro. SQ inhibited NRK-49F cell proliferation, glycolysis and the expression levels of HIF-1α, PKM2 induced by TGF-β1. Furthermore, we established NRK-49F cells transfected with siRNA or pDNA to silence or overexpress the HIF-1α gene. Overexpression of HIF-1α promoted cellular secretion of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in TGF-β1-induced NRK-49F cells, however, this change was reversed by intervention with SQ or silencing the HIF-1α gene. Overexpression of HIF-1α can further induce increased PKM2 expression, while SQ intervention can reduce PKM2 expression. Moreover, PKM2 expression was also inhibited after silencing HIF-1α gene, and SQ was not effective even when given. CONCLUSION The mechanism of action of SQ was explored from the perspective of energy metabolism, and it was found to regulate PKM2-activated glycolysis, inhibit fibroblast activation, and further ameliorate renal fibrosis in CKD by targeting HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lixin Wang
- Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xusheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hucai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Tian Y, Yu F, Zhang G, Tian C, Wang X, Chen Y, Yan H, Jia L, Zhang D, Wang Q, Gao Z. Rotavirus outbreaks in China, 1982-2021: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1423573. [PMID: 39175894 PMCID: PMC11338804 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1423573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus is globally recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Whereas previous studies focused more on sporadic diarrhea, the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus outbreaks have not been systematically understood. Methods This systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis standards, WANFANG, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched from database inception to February 20, 2022. We used SPSS 21.0 statistical software for data analysis, RStudio1.4.1717, and ArcGIS trial version for plotting bar graphs and maps. Results Among 1,596 articles, 78 were included, with 92 rotavirus outbreaks and 96,128 cases. Most outbreaks (67.39%, 62/92) occurred in winter and spring. The number of rotavirus outbreaks reported in the eastern region was more than that in the western region. Outbreaks were most commonly reported in villages (33/92, 35.87%), followed by hospitals (19, 20.65%). The outbreak duration was longer in factories and workers' living places, and villages, while it was shorter in hospitals. Waterborne transmission was the main transmission mode, with the longest duration and the largest number of cases. Rotavirus groups were identified in 66 outbreaks, with 40 outbreaks (60.61%) caused by Group B rotaviruses and 26 outbreaks (39.39%) caused by Group A rotaviruses. Significant differences were found in duration, number of cases, settings, population distribution, and transmission modes between Groups A and B rotavirus outbreaks. Conclusion Rotavirus is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in China. It should also be considered in the investigation of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks, especially norovirus-negative outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Tian
- Department of Allergy, Children’s Hospital Affiliated with the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqiu Yan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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