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Qin H, Zhao A. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from basic to clinics. Protein Cell 2020; 11:707-722. [PMID: 32519302 PMCID: PMC7282699 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has occurred in China and around the world. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe pneumonia rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and die of multiple organ failure. Despite advances in supportive care approaches, ARDS is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy may be an potential alternative strategy for treating ARDS by targeting the various pathophysiological events of ARDS. By releasing a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, MSC can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, and pro-angiogenic effects, promote bacterial and alveolar fluid clearance, disrupt the pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cell damage, eventually avoiding the lung and distal organ injuries to rescue patients with ARDS. An increasing number of experimental animal studies and early clinical studies verify the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in ARDS. Since low cell engraftment and survival in lung limit MSC therapeutic potentials, several strategies have been developed to enhance their engraftment in the lung and their intrinsic, therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and optimization of MSC therapy in ARDS and highlighted the potentials and possible barriers of MSC therapy for COVID-19 patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Andong Zhao
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, China
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
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202
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Mansourabadi AH, Sadeghalvad M, Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Rezaei N. The immune system as a target for therapy of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of the current immunotherapies for COVID-19. Life Sci 2020; 258:118185. [PMID: 32750438 PMCID: PMC7395832 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The immune response is essential for the control and resolution of viral infections. Following the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), several immunotherapies were applied to modulate the immune responses of the affected patients. In this review, we aimed to describe the role of the immune system in response to COVID-19. We also provide a systematic review to collate and describe all published reports of the using immunotherapies, including convalescent plasma therapy, monoclonal antibodies, cytokine therapy, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and intravenous immunoglobulin and their important outcomes in COVID-19 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A thorough search strategy was applied to identify published research trials in PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and EMBASE from Dec 1, 2019, to May 4, 2020, for studies reporting clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with immunotherapies along with other standard cares. KEY FINDINGS From an initial screen of 80 identified studies, 24 studies provided clinical outcome data on the use of immunotherapies for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, including convalescent plasma therapy (33 patients), monoclonal antibodies (55 patients), interferon (31 patients), mesenchymal stem cell therapy (8 patient), and immunoglobulin (63 patients). Except for nine severe patients who died after treatment, most patients were recovered from COVID-19 with improved clinical symptoms and laboratory assessment. SIGNIFICANCE Based on the available evidence, it seems that treatment with immunotherapy along with other standard cares could be an effective and safe approach to modulate the immune system and improvement of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mansourabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Sadeghalvad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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203
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Li W, Chen W, Huang S, Yao G, Tang X, Sun L. Mesenchymal stem cells prevent overwhelming inflammation and reduce infection severity via recruiting CXCR3 + regulatory T cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1181. [PMID: 33014369 PMCID: PMC7526004 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great potential in treating autoimmune diseases (ADs). Unlike the traditional immunosuppressants, which inadvertently impair patients' antimicrobial immunity, MSCs reduce the incidence and duration of respiratory infection. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Methods To investigate how MSCs regulate the lung immunity and improve the defence against respiratory infection, we infected MSC‐treated wild‐type and lupus‐prone mice with Haemophilus influenzae intranasally and determined the clearance of bacteria. Tissue damage and inflammatory cytokines were measured by H&E staining and ELISA separately. Immune cell subsets in the tissues were analysed by flow cytometry. Results MSC pretreatment prevented overwhelming inflammation and accelerated bacterial clearance in both wild‐type and lupus‐prone mice. Tregs increased dramatically in the lung after MSC treatment. Adoptive transfer of Tregs isolated from MSC‐treated mice offered similar protection, while deletion of Tregs abrogated the protective effects of MSCs. The majority of the intravenously injected MSCs were engulfed by lung phagocytes, which in turn produced CXCL9 and CXCL10 and recruited tremendous CXCR3+ Tregs into the lung. Compared with their CXCR3− counterparts, CXCR3+ Tregs displayed enhanced proliferation and stronger inhibitory functions. Neutralisation of CXCL9 and CXCL10 significantly downregulated the migration of CXCR3+ Tregs and eliminated the benefits of MSC pretreatment. Conclusion Here, we showed that by recruiting CXCR3+ Tregs, MSC treatment restricted the overactivation of inflammatory responses and prevented severe symptoms caused by infection. By discovering this novel property of MSCs, our study sheds light on optimising long‐term immunosuppressive regimen for autoimmune diseases and other immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Saisai Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
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204
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Like many tissues, the dental pulp is equipped with innate and adaptive immune responses, designed to defend against infection and limit its spread. The pulp's innate immune response includes the synthesis and release of antimicrobial peptides by several dental pulp cell types. These naturally-occurring antimicrobial peptides have broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses. There is a resurgence of interest in the bioactivities of naturally-occurring antimicrobial peptides, largely driven by the need to develop alternatives to antibiotics. METHODS This narrative review focused on the general properties of antimicrobial peptides, providing an overview of their sources and actions within the dental pulp. RESULTS We summarized the relevance of antimicrobial peptides in defending the dental pulp, highlighting the potential for many of these antimicrobials to be modified or mimicked for prospective therapeutic use. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial peptides and novel peptide-based therapeutics are particularly attractive as emerging treatments for polymicrobial infections, such as endodontic infections, because of their broad activity against a range of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala T Lundy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Christopher R Irwin
- Centre for Dentistry, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Denise F McLean
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Gerard J Linden
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Ikhlas A El Karim
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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205
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Dubus M, Varin-Simon J, Prada P, Scomazzon L, Reffuveille F, Alem H, Boulmedais F, Mauprivez C, Rammal H, Kerdjoudj H. Biopolymers-calcium phosphate antibacterial coating reduces the pathogenicity of internalized bacteria by mesenchymal stromal cells. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5763-5773. [PMID: 32945302 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional material system that kills bacteria and drives bone healing is urgently sought to improve bone prosthesis. Herein, the osteoinductive coating made of calcium phosphate/chitosan/hyaluronic acid, named Hybrid, was proposed as an antibacterial substrate for stromal cell adhesion. This Hybrid coating possesses a contact-killing effect reducing by 90% the viability of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains after 48 h of contact. In addition to the production of immunomodulatory mediators, Wharton's jelly (WJ-SCs), dental pulp (DPSCs) and bone marrow (BM-MSCs) derived stromal cells were able to release antibacterial and antibiofilm agents effective against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains, respectively. Studying the effect of the Hybrid coating on the internalization of S. aureus by the stromal cells, in acute-mimicking bone infection, highlighted an increase in the bacteria internalization by DPSCs and BM-MSCs when cultured on the Hybrid coating versus uncoated glass. Despite the internalization, Hybrid coating showed a beneficial effect by reducing the pathogenicity of the internalized bacteria. The formation of biofilm was reduced by at least 50% in comparison to internalized bacteria by stromal cells on uncoated glass. This work opens the route for the development of innovative antibacterial coatings by taking into account the internalization of bacteria by stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dubus
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), Reims, France.
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206
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Pahar B, Madonna S, Das A, Albanesi C, Girolomoni G. Immunomodulatory Role of the Antimicrobial LL-37 Peptide in Autoimmune Diseases and Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E517. [PMID: 32927756 PMCID: PMC7565865 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, as well as epithelial cells, and are an essential component of innate immunity system against infection, including several viral infections. AMPs, in particular the cathelicidin LL-37, also exert numerous immunomodulatory activities by inducing cytokine production and attracting and regulating the activity of immune cells. AMPs are scarcely expressed in normal skin, but their expression increases when skin is injured by external factors, such as trauma, inflammation, or infection. LL-37 complexed to self-DNA acts as autoantigen in psoriasis and lupus erythematosus (LE), where it also induces production of interferon by plasmocytoid dendritic cells and thus initiates a cascade of autocrine and paracrine processes, leading to a disease state. In these disorders, epidermal keratinocytes express high amounts of AMPs, which can lead to uncontrolled inflammation. Similarly, LL-37 had several favorable and unfavorable roles in virus replication and disease pathogenesis. Targeting the antiviral and immunomodulatory functions of LL-37 opens a new approach to limit virus dissemination and the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapi Pahar
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Stefania Madonna
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermopathic Institute of the Immaculate IDI, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Arpita Das
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermopathic Institute of the Immaculate IDI, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
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207
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Qu W, Wang Z, Hare JM, Bu G, Mallea JM, Pascual JM, Caplan AI, Kurtzberg J, Zubair AC, Kubrova E, Engelberg‐Cook E, Nayfeh T, Shah VP, Hill JC, Wolf ME, Prokop LJ, Murad MH, Sanfilippo FP. Cell-based therapy to reduce mortality from COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies on acute respiratory distress syndrome. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1007-1022. [PMID: 32472653 PMCID: PMC7300743 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cases of COVID-19 infection, often leading to death, have been associated with variants of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a potential treatment for COVID-19 ARDS based on preclinical and clinical studies supporting the concept that MSCs modulate the inflammatory and remodeling processes and restore alveolo-capillary barriers. The authors performed a systematic literature review and random-effects meta-analysis to determine the potential value of MSC therapy for treating COVID-19-infected patients with ARDS. Publications in all languages from 1990 to March 31, 2020 were reviewed, yielding 2691 studies, of which nine were included. MSCs were intravenously or intratracheally administered in 117 participants, who were followed for 14 days to 5 years. All MSCs were allogeneic from bone marrow, umbilical cord, menstrual blood, adipose tissue, or unreported sources. Combined mortality showed a favorable trend but did not reach statistical significance. No related serious adverse events were reported and mild adverse events resolved spontaneously. A trend was found of improved radiographic findings, pulmonary function (lung compliance, tidal volumes, PaO2 /FiO2 ratio, alveolo-capillary injury), and inflammatory biomarker levels. No comparisons were made between MSCs of different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchun Qu
- Department of Pain MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Evidence‐Based Practice CenterMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute and Cardiology Division, Department of MedicineUniversity of Miami, Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jorge M. Mallea
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jorge M. Pascual
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Arnold I. Caplan
- Skeletal Research Center, Biology DepartmentCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Joanne Kurtzberg
- Marcus Center for Cellular CuresDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Abba C. Zubair
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Eva Kubrova
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Tarek Nayfeh
- Evidence‐Based Practice CenterMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Vishal P. Shah
- Department of Preventative, Occupational, and Aerospace MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - James C. Hill
- Department of Preventative, Occupational, and Aerospace MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Michael E. Wolf
- Department of Preventative, Occupational, and Aerospace MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - M. Hassan Murad
- Evidence‐Based Practice CenterMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Preventative, Occupational, and Aerospace MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Fred P. Sanfilippo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Health Policy and ManagementRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, The Marcus FoundationAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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208
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Zahorec P, Sarkozyova N, Ferancikova N, Bukovcan P, Danisovic L, Bohac M, Tomas M, Koller J. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells application in post-burn scars treatment: a preliminary study. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:39-46. [PMID: 32862394 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potent cells characterized by long term self-renewal and by potential for differentiation into cells of different mesenchymal tissue types such as fibroblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Their unique properties offer broad therapeutic potentials. Bone marrow has been used as the most common MSCs source, but it is gradually going to be replaced by adipose tissue which showed to contain more MSCs per unit than the bone marrow and clinical application of MSCs procured from the adipose tissue have been demonstrating at least similar results. Post-burn scars result frequently in severe both functional and aesthetic impairments in restitution and rehabilitation periods of the burn disease. Despite extensive research in the last decades, the exact mechanisms of scar formation remains unclear. The development of post-burn scars is influenced by multiple factors such as initial depth of the burn, methods of burn wound therapy, duration of the open wound until final wound closure, burn wound infection, genetic predisposition, and many others in both acute and rehabilitation periods. The aim of this study was to point out versatility of the implementation of this method with respect to different types of scars (atrophic scars, hypertrophic scars, keloids). Autologous adipose tissue derived MSCs were applied to post-burn scars in all 8 patients undergoing surgical scar reconstructions at the Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery of the University Hospital in Bratislava. The study was approved by Ethical Committee of Ruzinov Hospital. The procedures used for scar reconstructions included dermabrasion, scar excisions, contractures corrections and local plasties combined by lipografting of lipoaspirate containing parenchymal adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction including MSCs, or application of separated autologous MSCs isolated from lipoaspirates. Based on desired result one of these MSCs application methods was selected depending on characteristics of reconstructed scar and required volume of transferred fat. Isolation of MSCs following procurement was provided by the Central Tissue Bank cell culture laboratory which is one of the parts of the burn department. The average time of scars duration was 79 months, ranging from 6 to 216 months. The postburns scars were assessed clinically according to Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) prior to surgery, including photo documentation, and re-evaluated after 6 months following MSCs application. As the results have shown, the average VSS score before treatment was 7.88 points ranging from 4 to 11 points. The average VSS 6 months after surgical procedure and MSCs application was 2.34 points ranging from 1 to 4 points. According to the results obtained, the favourable effect of adipose tissue derived autologous MSCs application on scar remodelling following surgical reconstruction of post-burn scars could be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zahorec
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Pazitkova 4, 821 01, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Nina Sarkozyova
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Pazitkova 4, 821 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Ferancikova
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Pazitkova 4, 821 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bukovcan
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Pazitkova 4, 821 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Bohac
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital, Pazitkova 4, 821 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Tomas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute Bratislava, Klenová 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Koller
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Pazitkova 4, 821 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
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209
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Masterson CH, McCarthy SD, O'Toole D, Laffey JG. The role of cells and their products in respiratory drug delivery: the past, present, and future. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1689-1702. [PMID: 32842784 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1814732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell-based delivery systems offer considerable promise as novel and innovative therapeutics to target the respiratory system. These systems consist of cells and/or their extracellular vesicles that deliver their contents, such as anti-microbial peptides, micro RNAs, and even mitochondria to the lung, exerting direct therapeutic effects. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this article is to critically review the status of cell-based therapies in the delivery of therapeutics to the lung, evaluate current progress, and elucidate key challenges to the further development of these novel approaches. An overview as to how these cells and/or their products may be modified to enhance efficacy is given. More complex delivery cell-based systems, including cells or vesicles that are genetically modified to (over)express specific therapeutic products, such as proteins and therapeutic nucleic acids are also discussed. Focus is given to the use of the aerosol route to deliver these products directly into the lung. EXPERT OPINION The use of biological carriers to deliver chemical or biological agents demonstrates great potential in modern medicine. The next generation of drug delivery systems may comprise 'cell-inspired' drug carriers that are entirely synthetic, developed using insights from cell-based therapeutics to overcome limitations of current generation synthetic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire H Masterson
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean D McCarthy
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel O'Toole
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - John G Laffey
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland.,Department of Anaesthesia, Galway University Hospitals, SAOLTA University Health Group , Galway, Ireland
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210
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Iacob S, Iacob DG. SARS-CoV-2 Treatment Approaches: Numerous Options, No Certainty for a Versatile Virus. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1224. [PMID: 32982720 PMCID: PMC7479232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the most recent coronavirus which crossed the species barrier in 2019 and provoked a still ongoing and dangerous pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 infection has triggered an impressive amount of clinical and experimental studies to identify an effective and safe therapy to stop the pandemic spread. Hence, numerous trials and studies have scrutinized the analogies between SARS-CoV-2 and other corona viruses or the host-virus interactions and their similarities with immune system disorders. Still, the pathogenic mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 have been partially deciphered and the current therapies have not yet met the initial enthusiastic expectations. So far COVID-19 therapies have targeted various pathogenic mechanisms, namely the neutralization of ACE2 receptors or SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitopes, the disruption of the endocytic pathways using hydroxychloroquine, arbidol, or anti-Janus kinase inhibitors, the inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase using nucleotide analogues such as remdesivir, immunosuppressive drugs or molecules acting on the immune response (corticoids, interferons, monoclonal antibodies against inflammatory cytokines, mesenchymal stem cells) and convalescent plasma administration together with numerous drugs with unproven effect against SARS-CoV-2 but with potential antiviral activities (antiretrovirals, antimalarial drugs, antibiotics, etc.). Nevertheless, these therapies have been associated with side effects and contradictory results. At the same time a specific SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is a long-term solution requiring clinical validation and important investments together with appropriate strategies to promote the confidence in the safety of the new vaccine. The article revises the current state of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic options but advises towards a more cautious and individualized treatment approach centred on the clinical features, immune particularities, and the risk-benefit balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Iacob
- Infectious Diseases Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Gabriela Iacob
- Infectious Diseases Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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211
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Gardin C, Ferroni L, Chachques JC, Zavan B. Could Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Be a Therapeutic Option for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients? J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2762. [PMID: 32858940 PMCID: PMC7565764 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral disease originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severe form of the disease is often associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and most critically ill patients require mechanical ventilation and support in intensive care units. A significant portion of COVID-19 patients also develop complications of the cardiovascular system, primarily acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, or heart failure. To date, no specific antiviral therapy is available for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being explored for the management of a number of diseases that currently have limited or no therapeutic options, thanks to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-angiogenic properties. Here, we briefly introduce the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its implications in the heart and lungs. Next, we describe some of the most significant clinical evidence of the successful use of MSC-derived exosomes in animal models of lung and heart injuries, which might strengthen our hypothesis in terms of their utility for also treating critically ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Chachques
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Pompidou Hospital, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation, University Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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212
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Immunomodulatory and Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis. Shock 2020; 55:423-440. [PMID: 32826813 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a life-threatening disorder that is caused by a dysregulated inflammatory response during an infection. The disease mostly affects pregnant women, newborns, and patients in intensive care units. Sepsis treatment is a significant part of a country's health budgets. Delay in the therapy causes irreversible failure of various organs due to the lack of blood supply and reduction of oxygen in the tissues and eventually increased mortality. The involvement of four or five organs by sepsis has been attributed to an increased risk of death to over 90%. Although antibiotics are at the first line of sepsis treatment, they do not possess enough potency to control the disease and prevent subsequent organ failure. The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-microbial properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported in various studies. Therefore, the application of MSCs has been considered a potentially promising therapeutic strategy. In preclinical studies, the administration of MSCs has been associated with reduced bacterial load and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory factors as well as the improved function of the different vital organs, including heart, kidney, liver, and lungs. The current study provides a brief review of sepsis and its pathophysiology, and then highlights recent findings in the therapeutic effects of MSCs and MSC-derived secretome in improving sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Besides, eligible sepsis candidates for MSC-therapy and the latest clinical findings in these areas have been reviewed.
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213
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Byrnes D, Masterson CH, Artigas A, Laffey JG. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Therapy for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 42:20-39. [PMID: 32767301 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) constitute devastating conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis results from abnormal host immune response, with evidence for both pro- and anti-inflammatory activation present from the earliest phases. The "proinflammatory" response predominates initially causing host injury, with later-phase sepsis characterized by immune cell hypofunction and opportunistic superinfection. ARDS is characterized by inflammation and disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane leading to injury and lung dysfunction. Sepsis is the most common cause of ARDS. Approximately 20% of deaths worldwide in 2017 were due to sepsis, while ARDS occurs in over 10% of all intensive care unit patients and results in a mortality of 30 to 45%. Given the fact that sepsis and ARDS share some-but not all-underlying pathophysiologic injury mechanisms, the lack of specific therapies, and their frequent coexistence in the critically ill, it makes sense to consider therapies for both conditions together. In this article, we will focus on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are available from several tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue. Allogeneic administration is feasible, an important advantage for acute conditions like sepsis or ARDS. They possess diverse mechanisms of action of relevance to sepsis and ARDS, including direct and indirect antibacterial actions, potent effects on the innate and adaptive response, and pro-reparative effects. MSCs can be preactivated thereby potentiating their effects, while the use of their extracellular vesicles can avoid whole cell administration. While early-phase clinical trials suggest safety, considerable challenges exist in moving forward to phase III efficacy studies, and to implementation as a therapy should they prove effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Byrnes
- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire H Masterson
- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Tauli, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - John G Laffey
- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Anaesthesia, SAOLTA University Health Group, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
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214
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Can A, Coskun H. The rationale of using mesenchymal stem cells in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: What to expect. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1287-1302. [PMID: 32779878 PMCID: PMC7404450 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global health crisis with an extremely rapid progress resulting in thousands of patients who may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. So far, no specific antiviral therapeutic agent has been demonstrated to be effective for COVID‐19; therefore, the clinical management is largely supportive and depends on the patients' immune response leading to a cytokine storm followed by lung edema, dysfunction of air exchange, and ARDS, which could lead to multiorgan failure and death. Given that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various tissue sources have revealed successful clinical outcomes in many immunocompromised disorders by inhibiting the overactivation of the immune system and promoting endogenous repair by improving the microenvironment, there is a growing demand for MSC infusions in patients with COVID‐19‐related ARDS in the ICU. In this review, we have documented the rationale and possible outcomes of compassionate use of MSCs, particularly in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, toward proving or disproving the efficacy of this approach in the near future. Many centers have registered and approved, and some already started, single‐case or phase I/II trials primarily aiming to rescue their critical patients when no other therapeutic approach responds. On the other hand, it is also very important to mention that there is a good deal of concern about clinics offering unproven stem cell treatments for COVID‐19. The reviewers and oversight bodies will be looking for a balanced but critical appraisal of current trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Can
- Laboratory for Stem Cells and Reproductive Cell Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Coskun
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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215
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Yagi H, Chen AF, Hirsch D, Rothenberg AC, Tan J, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Antimicrobial activity of mesenchymal stem cells against Staphylococcus aureus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:293. [PMID: 32680544 PMCID: PMC7367313 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There have been limited advances in the treatment of bone and joint infections, which currently involves a combination of surgery and antibiotic administration. There is a timely need in orthopedics to develop more effective and less invasive forms of antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment. The antibacterial effect of adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently been investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The main mechanism of action is postulated to be via MSC production of the cationic antimicrobial peptide, LL-37. Methods This study examines the antimicrobial activity of adipose-derived human MSCs (ASCs) on S. aureus, specifically examining the role of LL-37 and regulation of its expression. Bacteria colony-forming unit (CFU) assay was used to assess antimicrobial activity. Results Our results showed that the ASC-conditioned medium significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus under standard culture conditions with or without the continued presence of ASCs. Also, the treatment of ASCs with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 elevated LL-37 expression and enhanced their antimicrobial activity. In support, treatment with the vitamin D receptor inhibitor, GW0742, blocked the antimicrobial activity of ASCs. Conclusion Our findings clearly demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of adult ASCs against S. aureus and implicate a key regulatory role for vitamin D. Further testing in in vivo models is being pursued to assess the potential application of ASCs as a biocompatible, adjunct treatment for musculoskeletal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyo Yagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Present address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hirsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Adam C Rothenberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Present addresses: EvergreenHealth Orthopedic & Sports Care, Kirkland, WA, USA
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Peter G Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. .,Present address The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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216
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Eiro N, Cabrera JR, Fraile M, Costa L, Vizoso FJ. The Coronavirus Pandemic (SARS-CoV-2): New Problems Demand New Solutions, the Alternative of Mesenchymal (Stem) Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:645. [PMID: 32766251 PMCID: PMC7378818 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal (stem) stromal cells (MSC) can be a therapeutic alternative for COVID-19 considering their anti-inflammatory, regenerative, angiogenic, and even antimicrobial capacity. Preliminary data point to therapeutic interest of MSC for patients with COVID-19, and their effect seems based on the MSC's ability to curb the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19. In fact, promising clinical studies using MSC to treat COVID-19, are currently underway. For this reason, now is the time to firmly consider new approaches to MSC research that addresses key issues, like selecting the most optimal type of MSC for each indication, assuming the heterogeneity of the donor-dependent MSC and the biological niche where MSC are located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
- Foundation for Research With Uterine Stem Cells - FICEMU, Gijón, Spain
| | - Jorge Ruben Cabrera
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
- Foundation for Research With Uterine Stem Cells - FICEMU, Gijón, Spain
| | - Maria Fraile
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
- Foundation for Research With Uterine Stem Cells - FICEMU, Gijón, Spain
| | - Luis Costa
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
- Foundation for Research With Uterine Stem Cells - FICEMU, Gijón, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
- Foundation for Research With Uterine Stem Cells - FICEMU, Gijón, Spain
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217
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Saberpour M, Bakhshi B, Najar-peerayeh S. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles as Carrier for Supernatant of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:2251-2260. [PMID: 32765001 PMCID: PMC7367937 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s244990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) incorporated with mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned media (MSCs CM) on MDR Vibrio cholerae strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chitosan NPs were prepared and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and zeta potential measurement. MSCs CM were prepared and entrapped into MSCs CM-CS NPs composite and its release efficiency was measured. Antibacterial efficacy of nano structures was determined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Antibiofilm activity was assessed by crystal violet assay. RESULTS BM-MSCs were characterized to be negative for CD34 and CD45 markers, positive for CD73 and CD44 markers, and able to differentiate into osteoblast and adipocyte cells. The mean particle size of 96.6% of chitosan NPs was 414.9 nm with a suitable zeta potential and SEM morphology. Entrapment efficiency of MSCs CM-CS NPs was 76.9%. Unstimulated MSCs CM-CS NPs composite as a novel and proficient therapeutic nanostructure against MDR V. cholerae strains showed the synergistic activity of the two components of MSCs CM and CS NPs, leading to greater bacterial killing compared to control groups. MSCs CM more efficiently inhibited biofilm formation, although MSCs CM-CS NPs was also appeared to be effective in inhibiting biofilm formation compared to CS NPs and control group. CONCLUSION The designed nanodrug composite showed the best release in conditions mimicking the physiological conditions of the intestinal lumen. Given the fact that no overuse or genetic event would cause the emergence of antimicrobial resistance against the MSCs CM-CS NPs nanodrug, it could be considered as a promising alternative for the treatment of MDR V. cholerae infections in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Saberpour
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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218
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Luo F, Jiang W, Xu Y, Liu XM, Wang W, Zhang W, Luo C. The Mechanisms Involved in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Alleviation of Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice: A Pilot Study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2020; 93:100593. [PMID: 32760471 PMCID: PMC7393454 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury is a common complication of sepsis in intensive care unit patients. Inflammation is among the main mechanisms of sepsis. Therefore, suppression of inflammation is an important mechanism for sepsis treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Objective The present study investigated the effects of MSCs on sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice underwent a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation to induce sepsis and then received either normal saline or MSCs (1 × 106 cells intravenously) at 3 hours after surgery. Survival after surgery was assessed. Lung injury was assessed by histology score, the presence of lung edema, vascular permeability, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Finally, we tested nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in lung tissue. Results As expected, CLP caused lung injury as indicated by significant increases in the histopathology score, lung wet to dry weight ratio, and total protein concentration. However, mice treated with MSCs had amelioration of the lung histopathologic changes, lung wet to dry weight ratio, and total protein concentration. The levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 17 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were dramatically decreased after MSCs treatment. In contrast, expression of interleukin 10 was increased after MSCs treatment. Moreover, mice treated with MSCs had a higher survival rate than the CLP group. Neutrophil infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was attenuated after MSCs injection, but the amounts of macrophages observed in the MSC group showed no significant differences compared with the CLP group. In addition, MSCs treatment significantly reduced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in lung tissue. Conclusions Based on the above findings, treatment with MSCs dampened the inflammatory response and inhibited nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in the mouse CLP model. Thus, MSCs may be a potential new agent for the treatment of sepsis-induced acute lung injury. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2020; 81:XXX-XXX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Congjuan Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
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219
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer and the Therapeutic Potential in Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8838046. [PMID: 32724315 PMCID: PMC7364205 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8838046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be derived from various tissues. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs have been extensively researched and tested for treatment of different diseases/indications. One mechanism that MSCs exert functions is through the transfer of mitochondria, a key player involved in many biological processes in health and disease. Mitochondria transfer is bidirectional and has an impact on both donor and recipient cells. In this review, we discussed how MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer may affect cellular metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation; how this process influences inflammatory processes; and what is the molecular machinery that mediates mitochondrial transfer. In the end, we summarized recent advances in preclinical research and clinical trials for the treatment of stroke and spinal cord injury, through application of MSCs and/or MSC-derived mitochondria.
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220
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Combinational therapy with antibiotics and antibiotic-loaded adipose-derived stem cells reduce abscess formation in implant-related infection in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11182. [PMID: 32636453 PMCID: PMC7341734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Implant-related infection is difficult to treat without extended antibiotic courses. However, the long-term use of antibiotics has led to the development of multidrug- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus. Thus, alternatives to conventional antibiotic therapy are needed. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to have antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and therapeutic effect of local treatment with antibiotic-loaded adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) plus an antibiotic in a rat implant-associated infection model. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry revealed that ADSCs cultured in the presence of ciprofloxacin for 24 h showed time-dependent antibiotic loading. Next, we studied the therapeutic effects of ADSCs and ciprofloxacin alone or in combination in an implant-related infection rat model. The therapeutic effects of ADSCs plus antibiotics, antibiotics, and ADSCs were compared with no treatment as a control. Rats treated with ADSCs plus ciprofloxacin had the lowest modified osteomyelitis scores, abscess formation, and bacterial burden on the implant among all groups (P < 0.05). Thus, local treatment with ADSCs plus an antibiotic has an antimicrobial effect in implant-related infection and decrease abscess formation. Thus, our findings indicate that local administration of ADSCs with antibiotics represents a novel treatment strategy for implant-associated osteomyelitis.
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221
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Saldanha-Araujo F, Melgaço Garcez E, Silva-Carvalho AE, Carvalho JL. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Piece in the Puzzle of COVID-19 Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1563. [PMID: 32719683 PMCID: PMC7347794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease characterized by a strong inflammatory response in severe cases, which fails to respond to corticosteroid therapy. In the context of the current COVID-19 outbreak and the critical information gaps regarding the disease, several different therapeutic strategies are under investigation, including the use of stem cells. In the present manuscript, we provide an analysis of the rationale underlying the application of stem cells to manage COVID-19, and also a comprehensive compendium of the 69 clinical trials underway worldwide aiming to investigate the application of stem cells to treat COVID-19. Even though data are still scarce, it is already possible to observe the protagonism of China in testing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for COVID-19. Furthermore, it is possible to determine that current efforts focus on the use of multiple infusions of high numbers of stem cells and derived products, as well as to acknowledge the positive results obtained by independent groups who publicized the therapeutic benefits provided by such therapies in 51 COVID-19 patients. In such a rapid-paced field, up-to-date systematic studies and meta-analysis will aid the scientific community to separate hype from hope and offer an unbiased position to the society and governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Hematology and Stem Cells Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Emãnuella Melgaço Garcez
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
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222
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Muraca M, Pessina A, Pozzobon M, Dominici M, Galderisi U, Lazzari L, Parolini O, Lucarelli E, Perilongo G, Baraldi E. Mesenchymal stromal cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles as therapeutic tools for COVID-19 pneumonia? J Control Release 2020; 325:135-140. [PMID: 32622963 PMCID: PMC7332437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic represents an unprecedented global health emergency, further aggravated by the lack of effective therapies. For this reason, several clinical trials are testing different off-label drugs, already approved for other pathologies. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been tested during the last two decades for the treatment of various pathologic conditions, including acute and chronic lung diseases, both in animal models and in patients. In particular, promising results have been obtained in the experimental therapy of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which represents the most threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, more recently, great interest has been devoted to the possible clinical applications of extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs, nanoparticles that convey much of the biological effects and of the therapeutic efficacy of their cells of origin. This review summarizes the experimental evidence underlying the possible use of MSCs and of MSC-EVs in severe COVID-19 infection and underlines the need to evaluate the possible efficacy of these therapeutic approaches through controlled studies under the supervision of the Regulatory Authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Muraca
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Augusto Pessina
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of MilanVia Pascal 3620133 Milano - Italy.
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Trasfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Perilongo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Can Transcend Perianal Crohn's Disease: How Colorectal Surgeons Can Help in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Crisis. Dis Colon Rectum 2020; 63:874-878. [PMID: 32251143 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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224
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Marx C, Gardner S, Harman RM, Van de Walle GR. The mesenchymal stromal cell secretome impairs methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms via cysteine protease activity in the equine model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:746-757. [PMID: 32216094 PMCID: PMC7308642 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from various species, such as humans, mice, and horses, were recently found to effectively inhibit the growth of various bacteria associated with chronic infections, such as nonhealing cutaneous wounds, via secretion of antimicrobial peptides. These MSC antimicrobial properties have primarily been studied in the context of the planktonic phenotype, and thus, information on the effects on bacteria in biofilms is largely lacking. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of the MSC secretome against various biofilm-forming wound pathogens, including the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and to explore the mechanisms that affect bacterial biofilms. To this end, we used equine MSCs, because the horse represents a physiologically relevant model for human wound healing and offers a readily translatable model for MSC therapies in humans. Our salient findings were that the equine MSC secretome inhibits biofilm formation and mature biofilms of various bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that equine MSC secrete cysteine proteases that destabilize MRSA biofilms, thereby increasing the efficacy of antibiotics that were previously tolerated by the biofilms. In light of the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains as an increasing global health threat, our results provide the rationale for using the MSC secretome as a complementary treatment for bacterial skin infections in both humans and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Marx
- Baker Institute for Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Sophia Gardner
- Baker Institute for Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Rebecca M. Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
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225
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Shi R, Lian W, Jin Y, Cao C, Han S, Yang X, Zhao S, Li M, Zhao H. Role and effect of vein-transplanted human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the repair of diabetic foot ulcers in rats. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:620-630. [PMID: 32484226 PMCID: PMC7333920 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of diabetic complications, which is frequently present and tormented in diabetes mellitus. Most multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are capable of immune evasion, providing an allogeneic, ready-to-use, cell product option for therapeutic applications. The beneficial effect of MSCs for the treatment of a variety of traumatic injuries, such as open wounds, has been extensively explored. In this study, a rat DFU model was used to simulate the pathophysiology of clinical patients and to investigate the localization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) after intravenous transplantation and its role in DFU healing, so as to evaluate the potential of hUC-MSCs in the treatment of DFU. The diabetic rat model was established by streptozotocin injection, which was used to create full-thickness foot dorsal skin wounds to mimic DFU by a 6-mm skin biopsy punch and a Westcott scissor. The hUC-MSCs were transplanted through femoral vein, and the ulcer cicatrization situation and the fate of hUC-MSCs were evaluated. Our data suggest that intravenously transplantated hUC-MSCs have the ability to migrate and locate to the wound tissue and are helpful to wound healing in DFU rats, partly by regulating inflammation, trans-differentiation and providing growth factors that promote angiogenesis, cell proliferation and collagen deposition. Herein, we demonstrate that hUC-MSC transplantation is able to accelerate DFU healing in rats and transplantation of exogenous stem cells may be a potential strategy for clinical application in DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Shi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weishuai Lian
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yinpeng Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Chuanwu Cao
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shilong Han
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Suming Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Maoquan Li
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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226
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Zhang C, Zhao C, Chen X, Tao R, Wang S, Meng G, Liu X, Shao C, Su X. Induction of ASC pyroptosis requires gasdermin D or caspase-1/11-dependent mediators and IFNβ from pyroptotic macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:470. [PMID: 32555186 PMCID: PMC7303158 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in cell-based therapies for a variety of disorders. Some factors such as inflammatory mediators in the diseased area might damage the survival of MSCs and affect their efficacy. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed necrosis as a response for immune cells to cytosolic pathogenic stimuli. Whether MSCs develop pyroptosis under pathological stimulation, its underlying mechanism and biological significance are still unclear. Here, we found that LPS, flagellin, dsDNA, nigericin (NIG), or LPS combined with nigericin (LPS/NIG) could not induce pyroptosis in adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). However, when applied the culture media collected from LPS/NIG-induced pyroptotic bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to incubate ASCs, ASCs developed pyroptosis. Inhibition of caspases or deletion of Caspase-1/11 in ASCs did not affect the pyroptotic macrophage media-triggered ASC pyroptosis while ablation of Caspase-1/11 abolished BMDM pyroptosis induced by LPS/NIG. Media collected from LPS/NIG stimulated Gsdmd−/− or Caspase-1/11−/− BMDMs could not induce pyroptosis of ASCs. In addition, RNA-seq analysis showed that interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes were upregulated in pyroptotic ASCs. Adding IFNβ could boost LPS/NIG stimulated BMDM media-induced ASC pyroptosis. Surprisingly, the pyroptotic ASCs had a lower bactericidal ability to P. Aeruginosa. Taken together, induction of ASC pyroptosis requires gasdermin D or caspase-1/11-dependent mediators and IFNβ from pyroptotic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 361015, Xiamen, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Rujia Tao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijiao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 361015, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Unit of Innate Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Unit of Anti-Infective Immunity and Immune Diseases, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzhou Shao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 361015, Xiamen, China.
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China.
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227
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Yen BL, Yen ML, Wang LT, Liu KJ, Sytwu HK. Current status of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for immune/inflammatory lung disorders: Gleaning insights for possible use in COVID-19. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1163-1173. [PMID: 32526079 PMCID: PMC7300965 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have allowed for wide application in regenerative medicine as well as immune/inflammatory diseases, including unmatched allogeneic use. The novel coronavirus disease COVID‐19 has unleashed a pandemic in record time accompanied by an alarming mortality rate mainly due to pulmonary injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Because there are no effective preventive or curative therapies currently, MSC therapy (MSCT) has emerged as a possible candidate despite the lack of preclinical data of MSCs for COVID‐19. Interestingly, MSCT preclinical data specifically on immune/inflammatory disorders of the lungs were among the earliest to be reported in 2003, with the first clinical use of MSCT for graft‐vs‐host disease reported in 2004. Since these first reports, preclinical data showing beneficial effects of MSC immunomodulation have accumulated substantially, and as a consequence, over a third of MSCT clinical trials now target immune/inflammatory diseases. There is much preclinical evidence for MSCT in noninfectious—including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis—as well as infectious bacterial immune/inflammatory lung disorders, with data generally demonstrating therapeutic effects; however, for infectious viral pulmonary conditions, the preclinical evidence is more scarce with some inconsistent outcomes. In this article, we review the mechanistic evidence for clinical use of MSCs in pulmonary immune/inflammatory disorders, and survey the ongoing clinical trials—including for COVID‐19—of MSCT for these diseases, with some perspectives and comment on MSCT for COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department & Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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228
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Khoury M, Cuenca J, Cruz FF, Figueroa FE, Rocco PRM, Weiss DJ. Current status of cell-based therapies for respiratory virus infections: applicability to COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00858-2020. [PMID: 32265310 PMCID: PMC7144273 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00858-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The severe respiratory consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have prompted urgent need for novel therapies. Cell-based approaches, primarily using mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs), have demonstrated safety and possible efficacy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), although they are not yet well studied in respiratory virus-induced ARDS. Limited pre-clinical data suggest that systemic MSC administration can significantly reduce respiratory virus (influenza strains H5N1 and H9N2)-induced lung injury; however, there are no available data in models of coronavirus respiratory infection.There is a rapidly increasing number of clinical investigations of cell-based therapy approaches for COVID-19. These utilise a range of different cell sources, doses, dosing strategies and targeted patient populations. To provide a rational strategy to maximise potential therapeutic use, it is critically important to understand the relevant pre-clinical studies and postulated mechanisms of MSC actions in respiratory virus-induced lung injuries. This review presents these, along with consideration of current clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile .,Cells for Cells and consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.,M. Khoury and D.J. Weiss contributed equally as lead authors of the study
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells and consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando E Figueroa
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells and consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Dept of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,M. Khoury and D.J. Weiss contributed equally as lead authors of the study
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229
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Rajarshi K, Chatterjee A, Ray S. Combating COVID-19 with mesenchymal stem cell therapy. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 26:e00467. [PMID: 32420049 PMCID: PMC7224671 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease is caused by a positive stranded RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2. The virus mainly targets the pulmonary epithelial cells as it's initial site of infection by letting its surface spike protein interact and bind to the host ACE2 receptor. The internalization and gradual replication of the virus results in an exaggerated immune response triggering release of many pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This immune storm is responsible for multiple health hazards in the host ultimately leading to multiple organ failure. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy offers a promising approach towards mitigating the delirious effects of the infection in the COVID-19 patients. This therapy has shown to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as repair of damaged tissues in COVID-19 patients. This review has been organized to put forward the positive aruments and implications in support of mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a necessary approach for treating COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Rajarshi
- School of Community Science and Technology (SOCSAT) Indian Institute of Engineering Scince and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, 711103, India
| | - Aroni Chatterjee
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)—Virus Research Laboratory, NICED, Kolkata, India
| | - Shashikant Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845401, India
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230
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Mesenchymal stem cells in perianal Crohn’s disease. Tech Coloproctol 2020; 24:883-889. [DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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231
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Dorobantu LS, Sauvageau D, Elliott JAW. Cryopreservation of swine colostrum-derived cells. Cryobiology 2020; 97:168-178. [PMID: 32464145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties and are of interest in biotechnologies that will require cryopreservation. Recently, MSC-like cells were isolated from colostrum and milk. We used an interrupted slow freezing procedure to examine cryoinjury incurred during slow cooling and rapid cooling of MSC-like cells from swine colostrum. Cells were loaded with either dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) or glycerol, cooled to a nucleation temperature, ice-nucleated, and further cooled at 1 °C/min. At several temperatures along the cooling path, cells were either thawed directly, or plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage and later thawed. The pattern of direct-thaw and plunge-thaw responses was used to guide optimization of cryopreservation protocol parameters. We found that both 5% Me2SO (0.65 M, loaded for 15 min on ice) or 5% glycerol (0.55 M, loaded for 1 h at room temperature) yielded cells with high post-thaw membrane integrity when cells were cooled to at least -30 °C before being plunged into, and stored in, liquid nitrogen. Cells cultured post-thaw exhibited osteogenic differentiation similar to fresh unfrozen control. Fresh and cryopreserved MSC-like cells demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. Also, the antimicrobial activity of cell-conditioned media was higher when both fresh and cryopreserved MSC-like cells were pre-exposed to S. aureus. Thus, we were able to demonstrate cryopreservation of colostrum-derived MSC-like cells using Me2SO or glycerol, and show that both cryoprotectants yield highly viable cells with osteogenic potential, but that cells cryopreserved with glycerol retain higher antimicrobial activity post-thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Loredana S Dorobantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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232
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An update on stem cell therapy for Asherman syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1511-1529. [PMID: 32445154 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current treatment for Asherman syndrome is limited and not very effective. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence for stem cells in the treatment of Asherman syndrome. The advent of stem cell therapy has propagated experimentation on mice and humans as a novel treatment. The consensus is that the regenerative capacity of stem cells has demonstrated improved outcomes in terms of fertility and fibrosis in both mice and humans with Asherman syndrome. Stem cells have effects on tissue repair by homing to the injured site, recruiting other cells by secreting chemokines, modulating the immune system, differentiating into other types of cells, proliferating into daughter cells, and potentially having antimicrobial activity. The studies reviewed examine different origins and administration modalities of stem cells. In preclinical models, therapeutic systemic injection of stem cells is more effective than direct intrauterine injection in regenerating the endometrium. In conjunction, bone marrow-derived stem cells have a stronger effect on uterine regeneration than uterine-derived stem cells, likely due to their broader differentiation potency. Clinical trials have demonstrated the initial safety and effectiveness profiles of menstrual, bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells in resumption of menstruation, fertility outcomes, and endometrial regeneration.
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233
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Huang YZ, Gou M, Da LC, Zhang WQ, Xie HQ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Chronic Wound Healing: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:555-570. [PMID: 32242479 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Healing skin wounds with anatomic and functional integrity, especially under chronic pathological conditions, remain an enormous challenge. Due to their outstanding regenerative potential, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored in many studies to determine the healing ability for difficult-to-treat diseases. In this article, we review current animal studies and clinical trials of MSC-based therapy for chronic wounds, and discuss major challenges that confront future clinical applications. We found that a wealth of animal studies have revealed the versatile roles and the benefits of MSCs for chronic wound healing. MSC treatment results in enhanced angiogenesis, facilitated reepithelialization, improved granulation, and accelerated wound closure. There are some evidences of the transdifferentiation of MSCs into skin cells. However, the healing effect of MSCs depends primarily on their paracrine actions, which alleviate the harsh microenvironment of chronic wounds and regulate local cellular responses. Consistent with the findings of preclinical studies, some clinical trials have shown improved wound healing after transplantation of MSCs in chronic wounds, mainly lower extremity ulcers, pressure sores, and radiation burns. However, there are some limitations in these clinical trials, especially a small number of patients and imperfect methodology. Therefore, to better define the safety and efficiency of MSC-based wound therapy, large-scale controlled multicenter trials are needed in the future. In addition, to build a robust pool of clinical evidence, standardized protocols, especially the cultivation and quality control of MSCs, are recommended. Altogether, based on current data, MSC-based therapy represents a promising treatment option for chronic wounds. Impact statement Chronic wounds persist as a significant health care problem, particularly with increasing number of patients and the lack of efficient treatments. The main goal of this article is to provide an overview of current status of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy for chronic wounds. The roles of MSCs in skin wound healing, as revealed in a large number of animal studies, are detailed. A critical view is made on the clinical application of MSCs for lower extremity ulcers, pressure sores, and radiation burns. Main challenges that confront future clinical applications are discussed, which hopefully contribute to innovations in MSC-based wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Cui Da
- Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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234
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Rogers CJ, Harman RJ, Bunnell BA, Schreiber MA, Xiang C, Wang FS, Santidrian AF, Minev BR. Rationale for the clinical use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 patients. J Transl Med 2020; 18:203. [PMID: 32423449 PMCID: PMC7232924 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In late 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, capital city of Hubei province in China. Cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection quickly grew by several thousand per day. Less than 100 days later, the World Health Organization declared that the rapidly spreading viral outbreak had become a global pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is typically associated with fever and respiratory symptoms. It often progresses to severe respiratory distress and multi-organ failure which carry a high mortality rate. Older patients or those with medical comorbidities are at greater risk for severe disease. Inflammation, pulmonary edema and an over-reactive immune response can lead to hypoxia, respiratory distress and lung damage. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess potent and broad-ranging immunomodulatory activities. Multiple in vivo studies in animal models and ex vivo human lung models have demonstrated the MSC's impressive capacity to inhibit lung damage, reduce inflammation, dampen immune responses and aid with alveolar fluid clearance. Additionally, MSCs produce molecules that are antimicrobial and reduce pain. Upon administration by the intravenous route, the cells travel directly to the lungs where the majority are sequestered, a great benefit for the treatment of pulmonary disease. The in vivo safety of local and intravenous administration of MSCs has been demonstrated in multiple human clinical trials, including studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recently, the application of MSCs in the context of ongoing COVID-19 disease and other viral respiratory illnesses has demonstrated reduced patient mortality and, in some cases, improved long-term pulmonary function. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC), an abundant type of MSC, are proposed as a therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19 in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Additionally, when proven to be safe and effective, ASC treatments may reduce the demand on critical hospital resources. The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in significant healthcare and socioeconomic burdens across the globe. There is a desperate need for safe and effective treatments. Cellular based therapies hold great promise for the treatment of COVID-19. This literature summary reviews the scientific rationale and need for clinical studies of adipose-derived stem cells and other types of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of patients who suffer with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Martin A. Schreiber
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center, Beijing, 100039 China
| | | | - Boris R. Minev
- Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, San Diego, CA USA
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235
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Li Z, Song Y, Yuan P, Guo W, Hu X, Xing W, Ao L, Tan Y, Wu X, Ao X, He X, Jiang D, Liang H, Xu X. Antibacterial Fusion Protein BPI21/LL-37 Modification Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of hUC-MSCs in Sepsis. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1806-1817. [PMID: 32445625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, which is characterized by multiple organ dysfunctions as a result of an unbalanced host-inflammatory response to pathogens, is potentially a life-threatening condition and a major cause of death in the intensive care units (ICUs). However, effective treatment or intervention to prevent sepsis-associated lethality is still lacking. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) transplantation has been shown to have potent immunomodulatory properties and improve tissue repair yet lacks direct antibacterial and endotoxin clearance activities. In this study, we engineered hUC-MSCs to express a broad-spectrum antibacterial fusion peptide containing BPI21 and LL-37 (named BPI21/LL-37) and confirmed that the BPI21/LL-37 modification did not affect the stemness and immunoregulatory capacities of hUC-MSCs but remarkably, enhanced its antibacterial and toxin-neutralizing activities in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that administration of BPI21/LL-37-engineered hUC-MSCs significantly reduces serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, whereas increases that of IL-10 in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model. Administration of BPI21/LL-37-engineered hUC-MSCs significantly reduced systemic endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) levels and organ bacterial load, ameliorated damage to multiple organs, and improved survival. Taken together, our study demonstrates that BPI21/LL-37-engineered hUC-MSCs might offer a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat sepsis via enhanced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties to preserve organ functions better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Yuqing Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Peisong Yuan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xueting Hu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Luoquan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Dongpo Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
| | - Huaping Liang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China; Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
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236
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Sadeghian Chaleshtori S, Mokhber Dezfouli MR, Jabbari Fakhr M. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: the therapeutic effects in animal models of acute pulmonary diseases. Respir Res 2020; 21:110. [PMID: 32393278 PMCID: PMC7213547 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary diseases are one of the most important causes of death in the world. The successful therapies in the field of lung diseases are very limited and the medical treatments available are ineffective in many of the lung diseases. Many studies have evaluated the new therapies in the acute pulmonary diseases, and the transplantation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), which is a branch of cell therapy, has a special place among the new medical techniques. The MSCs are present throughout the body and are thought to play a role in tissue regeneration and inflammation control. In the event of injury, the local MSCs traverse the shortest possible distance from the tissue or blood vessels to reach the affected site. But, there are few undifferentiated cells in the tissues. The exogenous MSCs are used to immunity modify or regenerative treatments in preclinical models of acute pulmonary diseases. Several studies have shown the positive effects of MSCs replacement in the acute lung disorders. The effection mechanism of the MSCs include the differentiation ability and the secretion of paracrine agents such as the anti-inflammatory mediators. Many studies suggest that this treatment method is safe and is probably to be widely used in future clinical trials. This review will describe the therapeutic effects of the MSCs in the experimental models of the acute pulmonary diseases for use as a method of treatment in clinical trials in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirous Sadeghian Chaleshtori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mokhber Dezfouli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Massoumeh Jabbari Fakhr
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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237
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Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:169. [PMID: 32366290 PMCID: PMC7197031 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) worldwide is becoming rapidly a major concern. The number of severe cases has increased dramatically worldwide, while specific treatment options are scarce. The main pathologic features of severe or critical COVID-19 were consistent with acute lung injure (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by cellular fibromyxoid exudates, extensive pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can balance the inflammatory response and has been mentioned to be effective on ALI/ARDS from both infectious and noninfectious causes previously, presenting an important opportunity to be applied to COVID-19. In this commentary, we summarize the clinical trials of MSCs treatments on ALI/ARDS and raise MSCs as a hopefully alternative therapy for severe or critical COVID-19.
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238
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Phagocytosis by Fibrocytes as a Mechanism to Decrease Bacterial Burden and Increase Survival in Sepsis. Shock 2020; 51:464-471. [PMID: 29664835 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibrocytes are unique cells with innate and adaptive immune functions, but these mechanisms have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to explain the mechanism by which adoptive transfer of exogenous fibrocytes improved bacterial clearance and increased sepsis survival. Initial flow cytometry-based, in vitro assays demonstrated phagocytosis by fibrocytes and intracellular bacterial killing was confirmed by direct plating of cell lysates after exposure to live bacteria. Intravenous adoptive transfer of fibrocytes at the time of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or 2 h after CLP in mice increased survivability. Decreased intraperitoneal bacterial burden was also observed. Quantification of peritoneal cell populations using flow cytometry demonstrated transferred and endogenous fibrocytes were significantly increased after CLP, while macrophage and neutrophil numbers were unchanged. To determine the impact in vivo, fluorescently labeled, killed bacteria were injected i.p. into mice 10 h after CLP or sham surgery ± adoptive transfer. Two hours later, flow cytometry of peritoneal cell populations after CLP alone revealed increased phagocytosis by macrophages, neutrophils, and endogenous fibrocytes. Transferred fibrocytes had significantly increased phagocytic activity in the septic peritoneum compared with sham and greater activity than any other cell type. Therefore, adoptive transfer may enhance bacterial clearance in early sepsis through the cumulative effects of endogenous and transferred fibrocytes rather than modulating the function of other endogenous phagocytes. Direct phagocytic activity coupled with previously described influences on T cell responses may explain the benefits of fibrocyte transfer in sepsis.
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239
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Liu S, Peng D, Qiu H, Yang K, Fu Z, Zou L. Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020. [PMID: 32366290 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01678-8.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) worldwide is becoming rapidly a major concern. The number of severe cases has increased dramatically worldwide, while specific treatment options are scarce. The main pathologic features of severe or critical COVID-19 were consistent with acute lung injure (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by cellular fibromyxoid exudates, extensive pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can balance the inflammatory response and has been mentioned to be effective on ALI/ARDS from both infectious and noninfectious causes previously, presenting an important opportunity to be applied to COVID-19. In this commentary, we summarize the clinical trials of MSCs treatments on ALI/ARDS and raise MSCs as a hopefully alternative therapy for severe or critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Laboratory Medicine/Newborn Screening Center National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyi Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijun Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Laboratory Medicine/Newborn Screening Center National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, China.
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240
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Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Kheyrolahzadeh K, Barzegari A, Rahbar Saadat Y, Zununi Vahed S. Medicinal signaling cells: A potential antimicrobial drug store. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7731-7746. [PMID: 32352173 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal signaling cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells derived from mammalian bone marrow and periosteum that can be extended in culture. They can keep their ability in vitro to form a variety of mesodermal phenotypes and tissues. Over recent years, there has been great attention over MSCs since they can impact the organ transplantation as well as autoimmune and bacterial diseases. MSCs can secrete different bioactive factors such as growth factors, antimicrobial peptides/proteins and cytokines that can suppress the immune system and prevent infection via direct and indirect mechanisms. Moreover, MSCs are able to increase bacterial clearance in sepsis models by producing antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, cathelicidins, lipocalin and hepcidin. It is the aim of the present review to focus on the antibacterial effector functions of MSCs and their mechanisms of action against the pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keyvan Kheyrolahzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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241
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Dorrello NV, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Bioengineering of Pulmonary Epithelium With Preservation of the Vascular Niche. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:269. [PMID: 32351946 PMCID: PMC7174601 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of transplantable donor organs directly affects patients with end-stage lung disease, for which transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. With the current acceptance rate of donor lungs of only 20%, rescuing even one half of the rejected donor lungs would increase the number of transplantable lungs threefold, to 60%. We review recent advances in lung bioengineering that have potential to repair the epithelial and vascular compartments of the lung. Our focus is on the long-term support and recovery of the lung ex vivo, and the replacement of defective epithelium with healthy therapeutic cells. To this end, we first review the roles of the lung epithelium and vasculature, with focus on the alveolar-capillary membrane, and then discuss the available and emerging technologies for ex vivo bioengineering of the lung by decellularization and recellularization. While there have been many meritorious advances in these technologies for recovering marginal quality lungs to the levels needed to meet the standards for transplantation – many challenges remain, motivating further studies of the extended ex vivo support and interventions in the lung. We propose that the repair of injured epithelium with preservation of quiescent vasculature will be critical for the immediate blood supply to the lung and the lung survival and function following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Valerio Dorrello
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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242
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Extracellular Vesicles from Interferon-γ-primed Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce Escherichia coli-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats. Anesthesiology 2020; 130:778-790. [PMID: 30870158 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells possess considerable therapeutic promise for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells may exert therapeutic effects via extracellular vesicles, while priming umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells may further enhance their effect. The authors investigated whether interferon-γ-primed umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells would generate mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles with enhanced effects in Escherichia coli (E. coli) pneumonia. METHODS In a university laboratory, anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8 to 18 per group) underwent intrapulmonary E. coli instillation (5 × 10 colony forming units per kilogram), and were randomized to receive (a) primed mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles, (b) naïve mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (both 100 million mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles per kilogram), or (c) vehicle. Injury severity and bacterial load were assessed at 48 h. In vitro studies assessed the potential for primed and naïve mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles to enhance macrophage bacterial phagocytosis and killing. RESULTS Survival increased with primed (10 of 11 [91%]) and naïve (8 of 8 [100%]) mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles compared with vehicle (12 of 18 [66.7%], P = 0.038). Primed-but not naïve-mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduced alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (422 ± 104, 536 ± 58, 523 ± 68 mm Hg, respectively; P = 0.008), reduced alveolar protein leak (0.7 ± 0.3, 1.4 ± 0.4, 1.5 ± 0.7 mg/ml, respectively; P = 0.003), increased lung mononuclear phagocytes (23.2 ± 6.3, 21.7 ± 5, 16.7 ± 5 respectively; P = 0.025), and reduced alveolar tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations (29 ± 14.5, 35 ± 12.3, 47.2 ± 6.3 pg/ml, respectively; P = 0.026) compared with vehicle. Primed-but not naïve-mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase production in the injured lung (endothelial nitric oxide synthase/β-actin = 0.77 ± 0.34, 0.25 ± 0.29, 0.21 ± 0.33, respectively; P = 0.005). Both primed and naïve mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles enhanced E. coli phagocytosis and bacterial killing in human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) in vitro (36.9 ± 4, 13.3 ± 8, 0.1 ± 0.01%, respectively; P = 0.0004) compared with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular vesicles from interferon-γ-primed human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells more effectively attenuated E. coli-induced lung injury compared with extracellular vesicles from naïve mesenchymal stromal cells, potentially via enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and killing of E. coli.
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243
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Baharlooi H, Azimi M, Salehi Z, Izad M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Ace Card to Address Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:13-23. [PMID: 31887849 PMCID: PMC7119210 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of novel treatments for autoimmune disorders, it has become a popular research focus which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to counteract with autoimmune diseases progression. One of the underlying mechanisms behind their activities is the release of extracellular vesicles especially exosomes. MSC-derived exosomes are hypoimmunogenic nanocarriers which contain numerous immunoregulatory factors and similar to other exosomes, are able to pass through boundaries like the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Accumulating evidence provided by animal studies has demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes, as a novel therapy, can re-induce self-tolerance, without subsequent complications reported for other treatments. Therefore, therapeutic applications of MSC-derived exosomes are contributing to core advances in the field of autoimmune diseases. Here, we briefly describe the biological characteristics of MSC-derived exosomes and review the experimentally verified outcomes for autoimmune disease therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Baharlooi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Izad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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244
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Miyaji T, Takami T, Fujisawa K, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto N, Sakaida I. Bone marrow-derived humoral factors suppress oxidative phosphorylation, upregulate TSG-6, and improve therapeutic effects on liver injury of mesenchymal stem cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:213-223. [PMID: 32523248 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, which have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine, require improvements in quality for patient use. To maintain stemness of cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, we focused on the bone marrow microenvironment, generated a conditioned medium of whole bone marrow cells (BMC-CM), and assessed its effects on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BMC-CM suppressed morphological deterioration and proliferative decline in cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, suppressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activity, a stemness indicator, and upregulated suppressors of oxidative phosphorylation such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha, Sirtuin 3, 4, and 5. Furthermore, BMC-CM upregulated TNF-stimulated gene 6 and ameliorated the therapeutic effects of cells on liver injury in carbon tetrachloride-administered rats. Since the elimination of 20-220-nm particles attenuated the effects of BMC-CM, we further analyzed exosomal microRNAs produced by whole bone marrow cells. Among the 49 microRNAs observed to be upregulated during the preparation of BMC-CM, several were identified that were associated with suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, upregulation of TNF-stimulated gene 6, and the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Thus, bone marrow-derived humoral factors including exosomal microRNAs may help to improve the therapeutic quality of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for liver regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyaji
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0046, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Liver Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0046, Japan.,Center for Regenerative and Cell Therapy, Yamaguchi University Organization for Research Initiatives, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0046, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Liver Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0046, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Health Administration Center, Yamaguchi University, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0046, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0046, Japan.,Center for Regenerative and Cell Therapy, Yamaguchi University Organization for Research Initiatives, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0046, Japan
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Behnke J, Kremer S, Shahzad T, Chao CM, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Morty RE, Bellusci S, Ehrhardt H. MSC Based Therapies-New Perspectives for the Injured Lung. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030682. [PMID: 32138309 PMCID: PMC7141210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases pose a tremendous global burden. At least one in four people suffer from severe pulmonary sequelae over the course of a lifetime. Despite substantial improvements in therapeutic interventions, persistent alleviation of clinical symptoms cannot be offered to most patients affected to date. Despite broad discrepancies in origins and pathomechanisms, the important disease entities all have in common the pulmonary inflammatory response which is central to lung injury and structural abnormalities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) attract particular attention due to their broadly acting anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Plenty of preclinical studies provided congruent and convincing evidence that MSC have the therapeutic potential to alleviate lung injuries across ages. These include the disease entities bronchopulmonary dysplasia, asthma and the different forms of acute lung injury and chronic pulmonary diseases in adulthood. While clinical trials are so far restricted to pioneering trials on safety and feasibility, preclinical results point out possibilities to boost the therapeutic efficacy of MSC application and to take advantage of the MSC secretome. The presented review summarizes the most recent advances and highlights joint mechanisms of MSC action across disease entities which provide the basis to timely tackle this global disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Behnke
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Sarah Kremer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Tayyab Shahzad
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (C.-M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | - Rory E. Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany;
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.K.); (T.S.); (C.-M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-985-43400; Fax: +49-985-43419
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Chow L, Johnson V, Impastato R, Coy J, Strumpf A, Dow S. Antibacterial activity of human mesenchymal stem cells mediated directly by constitutively secreted factors and indirectly by activation of innate immune effector cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:235-249. [PMID: 31702119 PMCID: PMC6988770 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to improve wound healing and suppress inflammatory immune responses. Newer research also indicates that MSC exhibit antimicrobial activity, although the mechanisms underlying this activity have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we conducted in vitro and in vivo studies to examine the ability of resting and activated MSC to kill bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains. We investigated direct bacterial killing mechanisms and the interaction of MSC with host innate immune responses to infection. In addition, the activity of MSC against chronic bacterial infections was investigated in a mouse biofilm infection model. We found that MSC exhibited high levels of spontaneous direct bactericidal activity in vitro. Moreover, soluble factors secreted by MSC inhibited Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in vitro and disrupted the growth of established biofilms. Secreted factors from MSC also elicited synergistic killing of drug-resistant bacteria when combined with several major classes of antibiotics. Other studies demonstrated interactions of activated MSC with host innate immune responses, including triggering of neutrophil extracellular trap formation and increased phagocytosis of bacteria. Finally, activated MSC administered systemically to mice with established S. aureus biofilm infections significantly reduced bacterial numbers at the wound site and improved wound healing when combined with antibiotic therapy. These results indicate that MSC generate multiple direct and indirect, immunologically mediated antimicrobial activities that combine to help eliminate chronic bacterial infections when the cells are administered therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndah Chow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFt. CollinsColorado
| | - Valerie Johnson
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFt. CollinsColorado
| | - Renata Impastato
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFt. CollinsColorado
| | - Jonathan Coy
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFt. CollinsColorado
| | - Alyssa Strumpf
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFt. CollinsColorado
| | - Steven Dow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFt. CollinsColorado
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraColorado
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Wu X, Xia Y, Zhou O, Song Y, Zhang X, Tian D, Li Q, Shu C, Liu E, Yuan X, He L, Liu C, Li J, Liang X, Yang K, Fu Z, Zou L, Bao L, Dai J. Allogeneic human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (MSC-BPD trial). Trials 2020; 21:125. [PMID: 32005282 PMCID: PMC6995070 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex lung pathological lesion secondary to multiple factors and one of the most common chronic lung diseases. It has a poor prognosis, especially in preterm infants. However, effective therapies for this disease are lacking. Stem-cell therapy is a promising way to improve lung injury and abnormal alveolarization, and the human umbilical cord (hUC) is a good source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have demonstrated efficacy in other diseases. We hypothesized that intravenously administered allogeneic hUC-MSCs are safe and effective for severe BPD. Methods The MSC-BPD trial is a randomized, single-center, open-label, dose-escalation, phase-II trial designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. In this study, 72 patients will be enrolled and randomly divided into two intervention groups and one control group. Patients in the intervention groups will receive a low dose of hUC-MSCs (n = 24; 2.5 million cells/kg) or a high dose of hUC-MSCs (n = 24; 5 million cells/kg) in combination with traditional supportive treatments for BPD. The patients in the control group (n = 24) will be treated with traditional supportive treatments alone without hUC-MSCs. The primary outcome measures will be cumulative duration of oxygen therapy. Follow-up assessments will be performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post intervention, and the key outcome during follow-up will be changes on chest radiography. Statistical analyses will evaluate the efficacy of the hUC-MSC treatment. Discussion This will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenously administered hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. Its results should provide a new evidence-based therapy for severe BPD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03601416. Registered on 26 July 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yunqiu Xia
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ou Zhou
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yan Song
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Daiyin Tian
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qubei Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaoping Yuan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ling He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chengjun Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Statistical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Jihong Dai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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248
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Liau LL, Al-Masawa ME, Koh B, Looi QH, Foo JB, Lee SH, Cheah FC, Law JX. The Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell as Therapy in Neonatal Diseases. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:591693. [PMID: 33251167 PMCID: PMC7672022 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.591693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be derived from various tissue sources, such as the bone marrow (BMSCs), adipose tissue (ADSCs), umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) and umbilical cord blood (UCB-MSCs). Clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the potential of MSCs in ameliorating neonatal diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In preclinical studies, MSC therapy has been tested for the treatment of various neonatal diseases affecting the heart, eye, gut, and brain as well as sepsis. Up to date, the number of clinical trials using MSCs to treat neonatal diseases is still limited. The data reported thus far positioned MSC therapy as safe with positive outcomes. However, most of these trials are still preliminary and generally smaller in scale. Larger trials with more appropriate controls and a longer follow-up period need to be conducted to prove the safety and efficacy of the therapy more conclusively. This review discusses the current application of MSCs in treating neonatal diseases, its mechanism of action and future direction of this novel therapy, including the potential of using MSC-derived extracellular vesicles instead of the cells to treat various clinical conditions in the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling Liau
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benson Koh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Qi Hao Looi
- Future Cytohealth Sdn Bhd, Bandar Seri Petaling, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sau Har Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Fook Choe Cheah
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lange-Consiglio A, Gusmara C, Manfredi E, Idda A, Soggiu A, Greco V, Bonizzi L, Cremonesi F, Zecconi A. Antimicrobial Effects of Conditioned Medium From Amniotic Progenitor Cells in vitro and in vivo: Toward Tissue Regenerative Therapies for Bovine Mastitis. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:443. [PMID: 31921904 PMCID: PMC6930869 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that, in addition to their regenerative effect, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and their secretome have an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial role in the innate immune response in conditions such as sepsis. However, there is no published information on the effect of MSCs in bovine mastitis. Mastitis often results in extensive tissue damage due to multi-microorganism co-infection. This study investigated the ability of amniotic-derived conditioned medium (CM), in vitro and in vivo, to counteract microbial action and restore healthy tissue capable of milk production. Following determination of a dose–response curve, 10,000 colony-forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were inoculated into bovine mammary epithelial cell culture with and without 10% CM (supplemented either at the time of bacteria inoculation or after 4 h). Acridine orange staining was used to assess cell viability/apoptosis. Additionally, an in vivo study was performed using 48 dairy cows with acute and chronic mastitis, treated with CM (treated group) or antibiotics (control group). In vitro results showed that CM can attenuate bacterial growth, as evaluated by the number of CFU. After 24 h of culture with S. aureus, 89.67% of mammary epithelial cells treated with CM were still alive, whereas all cells cultured without CM were dead. Rates of epithelial cell survival (60.67%) were similar when CM was added 4 h after bacteria inoculation. There was no difference in somatic cell count between cases of acute mastitis in the CM-treated or control group in the in vivo study. However, relapses in chronic mastitis were less common in the group receiving CM. Our results show that CM is able to mitigate bacterial growth in vitro and may be particularly useful in the treatment of chronic mastitis, aiding restoration of milk production in cows that would otherwise be removed from the production cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lange-Consiglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Reproduction Unit, Centro Clinico-Veterinario e Zootecnico-Sperimentale di Ateneo, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Gusmara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Idda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Soggiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università del Sacro Cuore Roma, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Cremonesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Reproduction Unit, Centro Clinico-Veterinario e Zootecnico-Sperimentale di Ateneo, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zecconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Galland S, Stamenkovic I. Mesenchymal stromal cells in cancer: a review of their immunomodulatory functions and dual effects on tumor progression. J Pathol 2019; 250:555-572. [PMID: 31608444 PMCID: PMC7217065 DOI: 10.1002/path.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells implicated in a broad range of physiological events, including organogenesis and maintenance of tissue homeostasis as well as tissue regeneration and repair. Because their current definition is somewhat loose – based primarily on their ability to differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal tissues, adhere to plastic, and express, or lack, a handful of cell surface markers – MSCs likely encompass several subpopulations, which may have diverse properties. Their diversity may explain, at least in part, the pleiotropic functions that they display in different physiological and pathological settings. In the context of tissue injury, MSCs can respectively promote and attenuate inflammation during the early and late phases of tissue repair. They may thereby act as sensors of the inflammatory response and secrete mediators that boost or temper the response as required by the stage of the reparatory and regenerative process. MSCs are also implicated in regulating tumor development, in which they are increasingly recognized to play a complex role. Thus, MSCs can both promote and constrain tumor progression by directly affecting tumor cells via secreted mediators and cell–cell interactions and by modulating the innate and adaptive immune response. This review summarizes our current understanding of MSC involvement in tumor development and highlights the mechanistic underpinnings of their implication in tumor growth and progression. © 2020 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Galland
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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