201
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Rabaan AA, AlSaihati H, Bukhamsin R, Bakhrebah MA, Nassar MS, Alsaleh AA, Alhashem YN, Bukhamseen AY, Al-Ruhimy K, Alotaibi M, Alsubki RA, Alahmed HE, Al-Abdulhadi S, Alhashem FA, Alqatari AA, Alsayyah A, Farahat RA, Abdulal RH, Al-Ahmed AH, Imran M, Mohapatra RK. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Cancer Treatment: A Future Direction. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1954-1976. [PMID: 36826113 PMCID: PMC9955208 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene editing, especially with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9), has advanced gene function science. Gene editing's rapid advancement has increased its medical/clinical value. Due to its great specificity and efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 can accurately and swiftly screen the whole genome. This simplifies disease-specific gene therapy. To study tumor origins, development, and metastasis, CRISPR/Cas9 can change genomes. In recent years, tumor treatment research has increasingly employed this method. CRISPR/Cas9 can treat cancer by removing genes or correcting mutations. Numerous preliminary tumor treatment studies have been conducted in relevant fields. CRISPR/Cas9 may treat gene-level tumors. CRISPR/Cas9-based personalized and targeted medicines may shape tumor treatment. This review examines CRISPR/Cas9 for tumor therapy research, which will be helpful in providing references for future studies on the pathogenesis of malignancy and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Hajir AlSaihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Bukhamsin
- Dammam Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed A. Bakhrebah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A. Alsaleh
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef N. Alhashem
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Y. Bukhamseen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Al-Ruhimy
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 14235, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alotaibi
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 14235, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hejji E. Alahmed
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahad Hospital, Al Hofuf 36441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Abdulhadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Saleh Office for Medical Genetic and Genetic Counseling Services, The House of Expertise, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Dammam 32411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah A. Alhashem
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hematopathology Division, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam A. Alqatari
- Hematopathology Department, Clinical Pathology, Al-Dorr Specialist Medical Center, Qatif 31911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsayyah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rwaa H. Abdulal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Al-Ahmed
- Dammam Health Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, India
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202
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Espinosa-Medina I, Feliciano D, Belmonte-Mateos C, Linda Miyares R, Garcia-Marques J, Foster B, Lindo S, Pujades C, Koyama M, Lee T. TEMPO enables sequential genetic labeling and manipulation of vertebrate cell lineages. Neuron 2023; 111:345-361.e10. [PMID: 36417906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During development, regulatory factors appear in a precise order to determine cell fates over time. Consequently, to investigate complex tissue development, it is necessary to visualize and manipulate cell lineages with temporal control. Current strategies for tracing vertebrate cell lineages lack genetic access to sequentially produced cells. Here, we present TEMPO (Temporal Encoding and Manipulation in a Predefined Order), an imaging-readable genetic tool allowing differential labeling and manipulation of consecutive cell generations in vertebrates. TEMPO is based on CRISPR and powered by a cascade of gRNAs that drive orderly activation and inactivation of reporters and/or effectors. Using TEMPO to visualize zebrafish and mouse neurogenesis, we recapitulated birth-order-dependent neuronal fates. Temporally manipulating cell-cycle regulators in mouse cortex progenitors altered the proportion and distribution of neurons and glia, revealing the effects of temporal gene perturbation on serial cell fates. Thus, TEMPO enables sequential manipulation of molecular factors, crucial to study cell-type specification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Feliciano
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Carla Belmonte-Mateos
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Rosa Linda Miyares
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jorge Garcia-Marques
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Benjamin Foster
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Sarah Lindo
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Cristina Pujades
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Minoru Koyama
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Tzumin Lee
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
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203
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Sekiguchi R, Mehlferber M, Matsumoto K, Wang S. Efficient Gene Knockout in Salivary Gland Epithelial Explant Cultures. J Dent Res 2023; 102:197-206. [PMID: 36366748 PMCID: PMC9893391 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221128201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed methods to achieve efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout in ex vivo mouse embryonic salivary epithelial explants. Salivary epithelial explants provide a valuable model for characterizing cell signaling, differentiation, and epithelial morphogenesis, but research has been limited by a paucity of efficient gene perturbation methods. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient gene perturbation by transient transduction of guide RNA-expressing lentiviruses into Cas9-expressing salivary epithelial buds isolated from Cas9 transgenic mice. We first show that salivary epithelial explants can be cultured in low-concentration, nonsolidified Matrigel suspensions in 96-well plates, which greatly increases sample throughput compared to conventional cultures embedded in solidified Matrigel. We further show that salivary epithelial explants can grow and branch with FGF7 alone, while supplementing with insulin, transferrin, and selenium (ITS) enhances growth and branching. We then describe an efficient workflow to produce experiment-ready, high-titer lentiviruses within 1 wk after molecular cloning. To track transduced cells, we designed the lentiviral vector to coexpress a nuclear fluorescent reporter with the guide RNA. We routinely achieved 80% transduction efficiency when antibiotic selection was used. Importantly, we detected robust loss of targeted protein products when testing 9 guide RNAs for 3 different genes. Moreover, targeting the β1 integrin gene (Itgb1) inhibited branching morphogenesis, which supports the importance of cell-matrix adhesion in driving branching morphogenesis. In summary, we have established a lentivirus-based method that can efficiently perturb genes of interest in salivary epithelial explants, which will greatly facilitate studies of specific gene functions using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sekiguchi
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.M. Mehlferber
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - K. Matsumoto
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Present address: 4D Cellular Physiology, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
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204
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Metzger JM, Wang Y, Neuman SS, Snow KJ, Murray SA, Lutz CM, Bondarenko V, Felton J, Gimse K, Xie R, Li D, Zhao Y, Flowers MT, Simmons HA, Roy S, Saha K, Levine JE, Emborg ME, Gong S. Efficient in vivo neuronal genome editing in the mouse brain using nanocapsules containing CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121959. [PMID: 36527789 PMCID: PMC9868115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing of somatic cells via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) offers promise for new therapeutics to treat a variety of genetic disorders, including neurological diseases. However, the dense and complex parenchyma of the brain and the post-mitotic state of neurons make efficient genome editing challenging. In vivo delivery systems for CRISPR-Cas proteins and single guide RNA (sgRNA) include both viral vectors and non-viral strategies, each presenting different advantages and disadvantages for clinical application. We developed non-viral and biodegradable PEGylated nanocapsules (NCs) that deliver preassembled Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). Here, we show that the RNP NCs led to robust genome editing in neurons following intracerebral injection into the healthy mouse striatum. Genome editing was predominantly observed in medium spiny neurons (>80%), with occasional editing in cholinergic, calretinin, and parvalbumin interneurons. Glial activation was minimal and was localized along the needle tract. Our results demonstrate that the RNP NCs are capable of safe and efficient neuronal genome editing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Metzger
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Samuel S Neuman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Kathy J Snow
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Viktoriya Bondarenko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Jesi Felton
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Kirstan Gimse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Ruosen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Matthew T Flowers
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Subhojit Roy
- Departments of Pathology and Neuroscience, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Jon E Levine
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Marina E Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
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205
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Sarkar A, Jin Y, DeFelice BC, Logan CY, Yang Y, Anbarchian T, Wu P, Morri M, Neff NF, Nguyen H, Rulifson E, Fish M, Kaye AG, Martínez Jaimes AM, Nusse R. Intermittent fasting induces rapid hepatocyte proliferation to restore the hepatostat in the mouse liver. eLife 2023; 12:e82311. [PMID: 36719070 PMCID: PMC9889086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability fluctuates in most natural populations, forcing organisms to undergo periods of fasting and re-feeding. It is unknown how dietary changes influence liver homeostasis. Here, we show that a switch from ad libitum feeding to intermittent fasting (IF) promotes rapid hepatocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, IF-induced hepatocyte proliferation is driven by the combined action of systemic FGF15 and localized WNT signaling. Hepatocyte proliferation during periods of fasting and re-feeding re-establishes a constant liver-to-body mass ratio, thus maintaining the hepatostat. This study provides the first example of dietary influence on adult hepatocyte proliferation and challenges the widely held view that liver tissue is mostly quiescent unless chemically or mechanically injured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Sarkar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Yinhua Jin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | | | - Catriona Y Logan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Yan Yang
- Stanford Center for Genomics & Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Teni Anbarchian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Peng Wu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | | | - Norma F Neff
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Eric Rulifson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Matthew Fish
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Avi Gurion Kaye
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Azalia M Martínez Jaimes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Roel Nusse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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206
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Shin B, Rothenberg EV. Multi-modular structure of the gene regulatory network for specification and commitment of murine T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108368. [PMID: 36817475 PMCID: PMC9928580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells develop from multipotent progenitors by a gradual process dependent on intrathymic Notch signaling and coupled with extensive proliferation. The stages leading them to T-cell lineage commitment are well characterized by single-cell and bulk RNA analyses of sorted populations and by direct measurements of precursor-product relationships. This process depends not only on Notch signaling but also on multiple transcription factors, some associated with stemness and multipotency, some with alternative lineages, and others associated with T-cell fate. These factors interact in opposing or semi-independent T cell gene regulatory network (GRN) subcircuits that are increasingly well defined. A newly comprehensive picture of this network has emerged. Importantly, because key factors in the GRN can bind to markedly different genomic sites at one stage than they do at other stages, the genes they significantly regulate are also stage-specific. Global transcriptome analyses of perturbations have revealed an underlying modular structure to the T-cell commitment GRN, separating decisions to lose "stem-ness" from decisions to block alternative fates. Finally, the updated network sheds light on the intimate relationship between the T-cell program, which depends on the thymus, and the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) program, which does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Shin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Ellen V. Rothenberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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207
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Geiger-Schuller K, Eraslan B, Kuksenko O, Dey KK, Jagadeesh KA, Thakore PI, Karayel O, Yung AR, Rajagopalan A, Meireles AM, Yang KD, Amir-Zilberstein L, Delorey T, Phillips D, Raychowdhury R, Moussion C, Price AL, Hacohen N, Doench JG, Uhler C, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Regev A. Systematically characterizing the roles of E3-ligase family members in inflammatory responses with massively parallel Perturb-seq. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.525198. [PMID: 36747789 PMCID: PMC9900845 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.525198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
E3 ligases regulate key processes, but many of their roles remain unknown. Using Perturb-seq, we interrogated the function of 1,130 E3 ligases, partners and substrates in the inflammatory response in primary dendritic cells (DCs). Dozens impacted the balance of DC1, DC2, migratory DC and macrophage states and a gradient of DC maturation. Family members grouped into co-functional modules that were enriched for physical interactions and impacted specific programs through substrate transcription factors. E3s and their adaptors co-regulated the same processes, but partnered with different substrate recognition adaptors to impact distinct aspects of the DC life cycle. Genetic interactions were more prevalent within than between modules, and a deep learning model, comβVAE, predicts the outcome of new combinations by leveraging modularity. The E3 regulatory network was associated with heritable variation and aberrant gene expression in immune cells in human inflammatory diseases. Our study provides a general approach to dissect gene function.
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208
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Bindu DS, Tan CX, Savage JT, Eroglu C. GEARBOCS: An Adeno Associated Virus Tool for In Vivo Gene Editing in Astrocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524433. [PMID: 36711516 PMCID: PMC9884502 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes are indispensable for brain development, function, and health. However, non-invasive tools to study astrocyte biology and function in vivo have been limited to genetically modified mice. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome engineering enables rapid and precise gene manipulations in the CNS. Here, we developed a non-invasive astrocyte-specific method utilizing a single AAV vector, GEARBOCS (Gene Editing in AstRocytes Based On CRISPR/Cas9 System). We verified GEARBOCS' specificity to mouse cortical astrocytes and demonstrated its utility for three types of gene manipulations: knockout (KO); tagging (TagIN); and reporter gene knock-in (Gene-TRAP) strategies. We deployed GEARBOCS to determine whether cortical astrocytes express Vamp2 protein. The presence of Vamp2-positive vesicles in cultured astrocytes is well-established, however, Vamp2 protein expression in astrocytes in vivo has proven difficult to ascertain due to its overwhelming abundance in neurons. Using GEARBOCS, we delineated the in vivo astrocytic Vamp2 expression and found that it is required for maintaining excitatory and inhibitory synapse numbers in the visual cortex. GEARBOCS strategy provides fast and efficient means to study astrocyte biology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christabel Xin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Justin T. Savage
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences (DIBS), Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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209
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Wang X, Yang C, Wang X, Miao J, Chen W, Zhou Y, Xu Y, An Y, Cheng A, Ye W, Chen M, Song D, Yuan X, Wang J, Qian P, Ruohao Wu A, Zhang ZY, Liu K. Driving axon regeneration by orchestrating neuronal and non-neuronal innate immune responses via the IFNγ-cGAS-STING axis. Neuron 2023; 111:236-255.e7. [PMID: 36370710 PMCID: PMC9851977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The coordination mechanism of neural innate immune responses for axon regeneration is not well understood. Here, we showed that neuronal deletion of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 sustains the IFNγ-STAT1 activity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to promote axon regeneration after injury, independent of mTOR or STAT3. DNA-damage-induced cGAMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STINGs) activation is the functional downstream signaling. Directly activating neuronal STING by cGAMP promotes axon regeneration. In contrast to the central axons, IFNγ is locally translated in the injured peripheral axons and upregulates cGAS expression in Schwann cells and infiltrating blood cells to produce cGAMP, which promotes spontaneous axon regeneration as an immunotransmitter. Our study demonstrates that injured peripheral nervous system (PNS) axons can direct the environmental innate immune response for self-repair and that the neural antiviral mechanism can be harnessed to promote axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China,These authors contributed equally
| | - Chao Yang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China,These authors contributed equally
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Weitao Chen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yiren Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongyan An
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aifang Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenkang Ye
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengxian Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Song
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiyuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angela Ruohao Wu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Center for Aging Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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210
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Jin Q, Liu X, Zhuang Z, Huang J, Gou S, Shi H, Zhao Y, Ouyang Z, Liu Z, Li L, Mao J, Ge W, Chen F, Yu M, Guan Y, Ye Y, Tang C, Huang R, Wang K, Lai L. Doxycycline-dependent Cas9-expressing pig resources for conditional in vivo gene nullification and activation. Genome Biol 2023; 24:8. [PMID: 36650523 PMCID: PMC9843877 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR-based toolkits have dramatically increased the ease of genome and epigenome editing. SpCas9 is the most widely used nuclease. However, the difficulty of delivering SpCas9 and inability to modulate its expression in vivo hinder its widespread adoption in large animals. RESULTS Here, to circumvent these obstacles, a doxycycline-inducible SpCas9-expressing (DIC) pig model was generated by precise knock-in of the binary tetracycline-inducible expression elements into the Rosa26 and Hipp11 loci, respectively. With this pig model, in vivo and/or in vitro genome and epigenome editing could be easily realized. On the basis of the DIC system, a convenient Cas9-based conditional knockout strategy was devised through controlling the expression of rtTA component by tissue-specific promoter, which allows the one-step generation of germline-inherited pigs enabling in vivo spatiotemporal control of gene function under simple chemical induction. To validate the feasibility of in vivo gene mutation with DIC pigs, primary and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was developed by delivering a single AAV6 vector containing TP53-sgRNA, LKB1-sgRNA, and mutant human KRAS gene into the adult pancreases. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest that DIC pig resources will provide a powerful tool for conditional in vivo genome and epigenome modification for fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jin
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhuang
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiayuan Huang
- grid.464317.3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, 510633 China
| | - Shixue Gou
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China
| | - Hui Shi
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China ,grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China ,grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China ,grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Lei Li
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Junjie Mao
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China
| | - Weikai Ge
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China ,grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Fangbing Chen
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China ,grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Manya Yu
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Yezhi Guan
- grid.464317.3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, 510633 China
| | - Yinghua Ye
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China
| | - Chengcheng Tang
- grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Ren Huang
- grid.464317.3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, 510633 China
| | - Kepin Wang
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China ,grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530 China ,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000 China ,grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China ,grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530 China
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211
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Li T, Yang Y, Qi H, Cui W, Zhang L, Fu X, He X, Liu M, Li PF, Yu T. CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics: progress and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:36. [PMID: 36646687 PMCID: PMC9841506 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing technology is the ideal tool of the future for treating diseases by permanently correcting deleterious base mutations or disrupting disease-causing genes with great precision and efficiency. A variety of efficient Cas9 variants and derivatives have been developed to cope with the complex genomic changes that occur during diseases. However, strategies to effectively deliver the CRISPR system to diseased cells in vivo are currently lacking, and nonviral vectors with target recognition functions may be the focus of future research. Pathological and physiological changes resulting from disease onset are expected to serve as identifying factors for targeted delivery or targets for gene editing. Diseases are both varied and complex, and the choice of appropriate gene-editing methods and delivery vectors for different diseases is important. Meanwhile, there are still many potential challenges identified when targeting delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for disease treatment. This paper reviews the current developments in three aspects, namely, gene-editing type, delivery vector, and disease characteristics. Additionally, this paper summarizes successful examples of clinical trials and finally describes possible problems associated with current CRISPR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Li
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021 Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 266021 Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhao Qi
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021 Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weigang Cui
- grid.452710.5Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, No. 126 Taian Road, 276827 Rizhao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Linyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 276000 Linyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000 Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin He
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000 Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meixin Liu
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021 Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-feng Li
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021 Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, Qingdao, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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212
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Li Y, Wang W, Hou X, Huang W, Zhang P, He Y, Wang B, Duan Q, Mao F, Guo D. Glioma-derived LRIG3 interacts with NETO2 in tumor-associated macrophages to modulate microenvironment and suppress tumor growth. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 36639372 PMCID: PMC9839712 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) account for 30-50% of glioma microenvironment. The interaction between glioma tumor cells and TAMs can promote tumor progression, but the intrinsic mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we reported that soluble LRIG3 (sLRIG3) derived from glioma tumor cells can block the M2 polarization of TAMs via interacting with NETO2, thus suppressing GBM malignant progression. The expression or activity of ADAM17 in glioma cells was positively correlated with the expression of sLRIG3 in cell supernatant. Soluble LRIG3 can suppress the M2-like polarity transformation of TAMs and inhibit the growth of tumor. High expression of LRIG3 predicts a good prognosis in patients with glioma. Mass spectrometry and Co-immunoprecipitation showed that sLRIG3 interacts with the CUB1 domain of NETO2 in TAMs. Silencing or knockout of NETO2 could block the effect of sLRIG3, which inhibited the M2-like polarity transformation of TAMs and promoted GBM tumor growth. However, overexpressing His-target NETO2 with CUB1 deletion mutation does not fully recover the suppressive effects of sLRIG3 on the TAM M2-polarization in NETO2-Knockout TAMs. Our study revealed vital molecular crosstalk between GBM tumor cells and TAMs. Glioma cells mediated the M2 polarization of TAM through the sLRIG3-NETO2 pathway and inhibited the progression of GBM, suggesting that sLRIG3-NETO2 may be a potential target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenda Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Po Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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213
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Progresses, Challenges, and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-Editing in Glioma Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020396. [PMID: 36672345 PMCID: PMC9856991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma refers to a tumor that is derived from brain glial stem cells or progenitor cells and is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Due to its complex cellular components, as well as the aggressiveness and specificity of the pathogenic site of glioma, most patients with malignant glioma have poor prognoses following surgeries, radiotherapies, and chemotherapies. In recent years, an increasing amount of research has focused on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology in the treatment of glioma. As an emerging gene-editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9 utilizes the expression of certain functional proteins to repair tissues or treat gene-deficient diseases and could be applied to immunotherapies through the expression of antigens, antibodies, or receptors. In addition, some research also utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to establish tumor models so as to study tumor pathogenesis and screen tumor prognostic targets. This paper mainly discusses the roles of CRISPR/Cas9 in the treatment of glioma patients, the exploration of the pathogenesis of neuroglioma, and the screening targets for clinical prognosis. This paper also raises the future research prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 in glioma, as well as the opportunities and challenges that it will face in clinical treatment in the future.
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214
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Xie D, Deng T, Zhai Z, Sun T, Xu Y. The cellular model for Alzheimer's disease research: PC12 cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1016559. [PMID: 36683856 PMCID: PMC9846650 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1016559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and irreversible memory impairment. Currently, several studies have failed to fully elucidate AD's cellular and molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, research on related cellular models may propose potential predictive models for the drug development of AD. Therefore, many cells characterized by neuronal properties are widely used to mimic the pathological process of AD, such as PC12, SH-SY5Y, and N2a, especially the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line. Thus, this review covers the most systematic essay that used PC12 cells to study AD. We depict the cellular source, culture condition, differentiation methods, transfection methods, drugs inducing AD, general approaches (evaluation methods and metrics), and in vitro cellular models used in parallel with PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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215
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Epstein RJ, Lin FPY, Brink RA, Blackburn J. Synonymous alterations of cancer-associated Trp53 CpG mutational hotspots cause fatal developmental jaw malocclusions but no tumors in knock-in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284327. [PMID: 37053216 PMCID: PMC10101519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intragenic CpG dinucleotides are tightly conserved in evolution yet are also vulnerable to methylation-dependent mutation, raising the question as to why these functionally critical sites have not been deselected by more stable coding sequences. We previously showed in cell lines that altered exonic CpG methylation can modify promoter start sites, and hence protein isoform expression, for the human TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Here we extend this work to the in vivo setting by testing whether synonymous germline modifications of exonic CpG sites affect murine development, fertility, longevity, or cancer incidence. We substituted the DNA-binding exons 5-8 of Trp53, the mouse ortholog of human TP53, with variant-CpG (either CpG-depleted or -enriched) sequences predicted to encode the normal p53 amino acid sequence; a control construct was also created in which all non-CpG sites were synonymously substituted. Homozygous Trp53-null mice were the only genotype to develop tumors. Mice with variant-CpG Trp53 sequences remained tumor-free, but were uniquely prone to dental anomalies causing jaw malocclusion (p < .0001). Since the latter phenotype also characterises murine Rett syndrome due to dysfunction of the trans-repressive MeCP2 methyl-CpG-binding protein, we hypothesise that CpG sites may exert non-coding phenotypic effects via pre-translational cis-interactions of 5-methylcytosine with methyl-binding proteins which regulate mRNA transcript initiation, expression or splicing, although direct effects on mRNA structure or translation are also possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Epstein
- University of New South Wales, St Vincent's Hospital Campus, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frank P Y Lin
- University of New South Wales, St Vincent's Hospital Campus, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Genomics, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert A Brink
- University of New South Wales, St Vincent's Hospital Campus, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Blackburn
- University of New South Wales, St Vincent's Hospital Campus, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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216
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Liu H, Lv Z, Zhang G, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang K. Knowledge mapping and current trends of global research on CRISPR in the field of cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1178221. [PMID: 37200626 PMCID: PMC10185797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1178221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gene editing tools using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-related systems have revolutionized our understanding of cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution, collaboration, and direction of cancer research using CRISPR. Methods: Data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database were collected from 4,408 cancer publications related to CRISPR from 1 January 2013to 31 December 2022. The obtained data were analyzed using VOSviewer software for citation, co-citation, co-authorship, and co-occurrence analysis. Results: The number of annual publications has grown steadily over the past decade worldwide. The United States was shown, by far, to be the leading source of cancer publications, citations, and collaborations involving CRISPR than any other country, followed by China. Li Wei (Jilin University, China), and Harvard Medical School (Boston, MA, United States) were the author and institution with the most publications and active collaborations, respectively. The journal with the most contributions was Nature Communications (n = 147) and the journal with the most citations was Nature (n = 12,111). The research direction of oncogenic molecules, mechanisms, and cancer-related gene editing was indicated based on keyword analysis. Conclusion: The current study has provided a comprehensive overview of cancer research highlights and future trends of CRISPR, combined with a review of CRISPR applications in cancer to summarize and predict research directions and provide guidance to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zongwei Lv
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Kefeng Wang, ; Yuan Wang,
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Kefeng Wang, ; Yuan Wang,
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217
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Gao Y, Bosselut R. Generation of Retrogenic Mice to Investigate T Cell Development. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2580:199-209. [PMID: 36374459 PMCID: PMC10798177 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2740-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
T cells develop in the thymus from bone marrow precursors, and genetic manipulation is an indispensable tool to explore their development in vivo. Retroviral transduction of T cell precursors in the bone marrow can be used to specifically eliminate or enforce gene expression. Here, we describe a fast and efficient method to ectopically express a gene in T cell precursors through retroviral transduction and transplant into recipient mice, which will enable laboratories to evaluate gene function in T cell development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Gao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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218
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Teal LB, Ingram SM, Bubser M, McClure E, Jones CK. The Evolving Role of Animal Models in the Discovery and Development of Novel Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:37-99. [PMID: 36928846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Historically, animal models have been routinely used in the characterization of novel chemical entities (NCEs) for various psychiatric disorders. Animal models have been essential in the in vivo validation of novel drug targets, establishment of lead compound pharmacokinetic to pharmacodynamic relationships, optimization of lead compounds through preclinical candidate selection, and development of translational measures of target occupancy and functional target engagement. Yet, with decades of multiple NCE failures in Phase II and III efficacy trials for different psychiatric disorders, the utility and value of animal models in the drug discovery process have come under intense scrutiny along with the widespread withdrawal of the pharmaceutical industry from psychiatric drug discovery. More recently, the development and utilization of animal models for the discovery of psychiatric NCEs has undergone a dynamic evolution with the application of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework for better design of preclinical to clinical translational studies combined with innovative genetic, neural circuitry-based, and automated testing technologies. In this chapter, the authors will discuss this evolving role of animal models for improving the different stages of the discovery and development in the identification of next generation treatments for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shalonda M Ingram
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elliott McClure
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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219
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Bosselut R. Genetic Strategies to Study T Cell Development. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2580:117-130. [PMID: 36374453 PMCID: PMC10803070 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2740-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetics approaches have been instrumental to deciphering T cell development in the thymus, including gene disruption by homologous recombination and more recently Crispr-based gene editing and transgenic gene expression, especially of specific T cell antigen receptors (TCR). This brief chapter describes commonly used tools and strategies to modify the genome of thymocytes, including mouse strains with lineage- and stage-specific expression of the Cre recombinase used for conditional allele inactivation or expressing unique antigen receptor specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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220
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Mencarelli G, Pieroni B, Murphy KM, Gargaro M. Use of CRISPR/CAS9 Technologies to Study the Role of TLR in Dendritic Cell Subsets. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2700:77-92. [PMID: 37603175 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3366-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have a significant role in coordinating both innate and adaptive immunity by serving as sentinels that detect invaders and initiate immune responses to eliminate them, as well as presenting antigens to activate adaptive immune responses that are specific to the antigen and the context in which it was detected. The regulation of DC functions is complex and involves intracellular drivers such as transcription factors and signaling pathways, as well as intercellular interactions with adhesion molecules, chemokines, and their receptors in the microenvironment. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for DCs to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate downstream signaling pathways that lead to DC maturation and education in bridging with adaptive immunity, including the upregulation of MHC class II expression, induction of CD80, CD86, and CD40, and production of innate cytokines. Understanding the TLR pathways that DCs use to respond to innate immune stimuli and convert them into adaptive responses is important for new therapeutic targets identification.We present a novel platform that offers a fast and affordable CRISPR-Cas9 screening of genes that are involved in dendritic cells' TLR-dependent activation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 screening to target individual TLR genes in different dendritic cell subsets allows the identification of TLR-dependent pathways that regulate dendritic cell activation and cytokine production. This approach offers the efficient targeting of TLR driver genes to modulate the immune response and identify novel immune response regulators, establishing a causal link between these regulators and functional phenotypes based on genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mencarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pieroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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221
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Szeto ACH, Ferreira ACF, Mannion J, Clark PA, Sivasubramaniam M, Heycock MWD, Crisp A, Jolin HE, Kozik P, Knolle MD, McKenzie ANJ. An αvβ3 integrin checkpoint is critical for efficient T H2 cell cytokine polarization and potentiation of antigen-specific immunity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:123-135. [PMID: 36550322 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T lymphocytes initially undergo antigen-specific activation to promote a broad-spectrum response before adopting bespoke cytokine expression profiles shaped by intercellular microenvironmental cues, resulting in pathogen-focused modular cytokine responses. Interleukin (IL)-4-induced Gata3 upregulation is important for the helper type 2 T cell (TH2 cell) polarization associated with anti-helminth immunity and misdirected allergic inflammation. Whether additional microenvironmental factors participate is unclear. Using whole mouse-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we discovered a previously unappreciated role for αvβ3 integrin in TH2 cell differentiation. Low-level αvβ3 expression by naive CD4+ T cells contributed to pan-T cell activation by promoting T-T cell clustering and IL-2/CD25/STAT5 signaling. Subsequently, IL-4/Gata3-induced selective upregulation of αvβ3 licensed intercellular αvβ3-Thy1 interactions among TH2 cells, enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, supported differentiation and promoted IL-5/IL-13 production. In mice, αvβ3 was required for efficient, allergen-driven, antigen-specific lung TH2 cell responses. Thus, αvβ3-expressing TH2 cells form multicellular factories to propagate and amplify TH2 cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin D Knolle
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
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222
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Freund EC, Haag SM, Haley B, Murthy A. Optimized Nonviral Gene Disruption in Primary Murine and Human Myeloid Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2618:201-217. [PMID: 36905519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2938-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells have broad applications in basic and translational research. Their central roles in innate and adaptive immunity make them attractive as putative therapeutic cell products. However, efficient gene editing of primary myeloid cells presents unique challenges owing to their sensitivity to foreign nucleic acids and poor editing efficiencies using current methodologies (Hornung et al., Science 314:994-997, 2006; Coch et al., PLoS One 8:e71057, 2013; Bartok and Hartmann, Immunity 53:54-77, 2020; Hartmann, Adv Immunol 133:121-169, 2017; Bobadilla et al., Gene Ther 20:514-520, 2013; Schlee and Hartmann, Nat Rev Immunol 16:566-580, 2016; Leyva et al., BMC Biotechnol 11:13, 2011). This chapter describes nonviral CRISPR-mediated gene knockout in primary human and murine monocytes as well as monocyte-derived or bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. Electroporation-mediated delivery of recombinant Cas9 complexed with synthetic guide RNAs can be applied for population-level disruption of single or multiple gene targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Freund
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Simone M Haag
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Haley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA.
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223
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Bonamino MH, Correia EM. The CRISPR/Cas System in Human Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1429:59-71. [PMID: 37486516 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33325-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of CRISPR as a genetic editing tool modified the oncology field from its basic to applied research for opening a simple, fast, and cheaper way to manipulate the genome. This chapter reviews some of the major uses of this technique for in vitro- and in vivo-based biological screenings, for cellular and animal model generation, and new derivative tools applied to cancer research. CRISPR has opened new frontiers increasing the knowledge about cancer, pointing to new solutions to overcome several challenges to better understand the disease and design better treatments.
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224
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In Vitro Generation of Murine Dendritic Cells from Hoxb8-Immortalized Hematopoietic Progenitors. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2618:93-107. [PMID: 36905511 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2938-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Mouse dendritic cells (DCs) are routinely generated based on cells isolated form the bone marrow (BM) and cultured in the presence of growth factors that support DC development, such as FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Guo et al., J Immunol Methods 432:24-29, 2016). In response to these growth factors, DC progenitors expand and differentiate, while other cell types die during the in vitro culture period, ultimately leading to relatively homogenous DC populations. An alternative method, which is discussed in detail in this chapter, relies on conditional immortalization of progenitor cells with DC potential in vitro using an estrogen-regulated form of Hoxb8 (ERHBD-Hoxb8). Such progenitors are established by retroviral transduction of largely unseparated BM cells with a retroviral vector expressing ERHBD-Hoxb8. Treatment of ERHBD-Hoxb8-expressing progenitors with estrogen results in Hoxb8 activation, which blocks cell differentiation and allows for expansion of homogenous progenitor cell populations in the presence of FLT3L. These cells, referred to as Hoxb8-FL cells, retain lineage potential for lymphocyte and myeloid lineages, including the DC lineage. Upon removal of estrogen (inactivation of Hoxb8), Hoxb8-FL cells differentiate into highly homogenous DC populations in the presence of GM-CSF or FLT3L akin to their endogenous counterparts. Given their unlimited proliferative capacity and amenability for genetic manipulation, for example, by CRISPR/Cas9, these cells provide a large number of options to investigate DC biology. Here, I am describing the method to establish Hoxb8-FL cells from mouse BM, as well as procedures for DC generation and gene deletion using lentivirally delivered CRISPR/Cas9.
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225
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Vos DY, Wijers M, Smit M, Huijkman N, Kloosterhuis NJ, Wolters JC, Tissink JJ, Pronk ACM, Kooijman S, Rensen PCN, Kuivenhoven JA, van de Sluis B. Cargo-Specific Role for Retriever Subunit VPS26C in Hepatocyte Lipoprotein Receptor Recycling to Control Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e29-e45. [PMID: 36353989 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The copper metabolism MURR1 domains/coiled-coil domain containing 22/coiled-coil domain containing 93 (CCC) complex is required for the transport of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and LRP1 (LDLR-related protein 1) from endosomes to the cell surface of hepatocytes. Impaired functioning of hepatocytic CCC causes hypercholesterolemia in mice, dogs, and humans. Retriever, a protein complex consisting of subunits VPS26C, VPS35L, and VPS29, is associated with CCC, but its role in endosomal lipoprotein receptor transport is unclear. We here investigated the contribution of retriever to hepatocytic lipoprotein receptor recycling and plasma lipids regulation. METHODS Using somatic CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we generated liver-specific VPS35L or VPS26C-deficient mice. We determined total and surface levels of LDLR and LRP1 and plasma lipids. In addition, we studied the protein levels and composition of CCC and retriever. RESULTS Hepatocyte VPS35L deficiency reduced VPS26C levels but had minimal impact on CCC composition. VPS35L deletion decreased hepatocytic surface expression of LDLR and LRP1, accompanied by a 21% increase in plasma cholesterol levels. Hepatic VPS26C ablation affected neither levels of VPS35L and CCC subunits, nor plasma lipid concentrations. However, VPS26C deficiency increased hepatic LDLR protein levels by 2-fold, probably compensating for reduced LRP1 functioning, as we showed in VPS26C-deficient hepatoma cells. Upon PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9)-mediated LDLR elimination, VPS26C ablation delayed postprandial triglyceride clearance and increased plasma triglyceride levels by 26%. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that VPS35L is shared between retriever and CCC to facilitate LDLR and LRP1 transport from endosomes to the cell surface. Conversely, retriever subunit VPS26C selectively transports LRP1, but not LDLR, and thereby may control hepatic uptake of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyonne Y Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Melinde Wijers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Nicolette Huijkman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Joël J Tissink
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany. Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (J.J.T.).,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany (J.J.T.)
| | - Amanda C M Pronk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
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226
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Rose TR, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Mitten EH, Wickman K. GIRK channel activity in prelimbic pyramidal neurons regulates the extinction of cocaine conditioned place preference in male mice. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13256. [PMID: 36577727 PMCID: PMC10078116 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced neuroadaptations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been implicated in drug-associated memories that motivate continued drug use. Chronic cocaine exposure increases pyramidal neuron excitability in the prelimbic subregion of the PFC (PL), an adaptation that has been attributed in part to a suppression of inhibitory signalling mediated by the GABAB receptor (GABAB R) and G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels. Although reduced GIRK channel activity in PL pyramidal neurons enhances the motor-stimulatory effect of cocaine in mice, the impact on cocaine reward and associated memories remains unclear. Here, we employed Cre- and CRISPR/Cas9-based viral manipulation strategies to evaluate the impact of GIRK channel or GABAB R ablation in PL pyramidal neurons on cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and extinction. Neither ablation of GIRK channels nor GABAB R impacted the acquisition of cocaine CPP. GIRK channel ablation in PL pyramidal neurons, however, impaired extinction of cocaine CPP in male but not female mice. Since ablation of GIRK channels but not GABAB R increased PL pyramidal neuron excitability, we used a chemogenetic approach to determine if acute excitation of PL pyramidal neurons impaired the expression of extinction in male mice. While acute chemogenetic excitation of PL pyramidal neurons induced locomotor hyperactivity, it did not impair the extinction of cocaine CPP. Lastly, we found that persistent enhancement of GIRK channel activity in PL pyramidal neurons accelerated the extinction of cocaine CPP. Collectively, our findings show that the strength of GIRK channel activity in PL pyramidal neurons bi-directionally regulates cocaine CPP extinction in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Rose
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Eric H Mitten
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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227
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Monteiro CJ, Heery DM, Whitchurch JB. Modern Approaches to Mouse Genome Editing Using the CRISPR-Cas Toolbox and Their Applications in Functional Genomics and Translational Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1429:13-40. [PMID: 37486514 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33325-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Mice have been used in biological research for over a century, and their immense contribution to scientific breakthroughs can be seen across all research disciplines, with some of the main beneficiaries being the fields of medicine and life sciences. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), along with other model organisms, are fundamentally important research tools frequently utilised to enhance our understanding of pathophysiology and biological mechanisms behind disease. In the 1980s, it became possible to precisely edit the mouse genome to create gene knockout and knock-in mice, although with low efficacy. Recent advances utilising CRISPR-Cas technologies have considerably improved our ability to do this with ease and precision, while also allowing the generation of desired genetic variants from single nucleotide substitutions to large insertions/deletions. It is now quick and relatively easy to genetically edit somatic cells which were previously more recalcitrant to traditional approaches. Further refinements have created a 'CRISPR toolkit' that has expanded the use of CRISPR-Cas beyond gene knock-ins and knockouts. In this chapter, we review some of the latest applications of CRISPR-Cas technologies in GEMMs, including nuclease-dead Cas9 systems for activation or repression of gene expression, base editing and prime editing. We also discuss improvements in Cas9 specificity, targeting efficacy and delivery methods in mice. Throughout, we provide examples wherein CRISPR-Cas technologies have been applied to target clinically relevant genes in preclinical GEMMs, both to generate humanised models and for experimental gene therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia J Monteiro
- Department of Genetics, Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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228
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Tabata T, Masumura Y, Higo S, Kunimatsu S, Kameda S, Inoue H, Okuno S, Ogawa S, Takashima S, Watanabe M, Miyagawa S, Hikoso S, Sakata Y. Multiplexed measurement of cell type-specific calcium kinetics using high-content image analysis combined with targeted gene disruption. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:40-49. [PMID: 36375249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic analysis of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) in cardiomyocytes is commonly used to determine the pathogenicity of genetic mutations identified in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Conventional methods for measuring Ca2+ kinetics target whole-well cultured cardiomyocytes and therefore lack information concerning individual cells. Results are also affected by heterogeneity in cell populations. Here, we developed an analytical method using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing combined with high-content image analysis (HCIA) that links cell-by-cell Ca2+ kinetics and immunofluorescence images in thousands of cardiomyocytes at a time. After transfecting cultured mouse cardiomyocytes that constitutively express Cas9 with gRNAs, we detected a prolonged action potential duration specifically in Serca2a-depleted ventricular cardiomyocytes in mixed culture. To determine the phenotypic effect of a frameshift mutation in PKD1 in a patient with DCM, we introduced the mutation into Cas9-expressing cardiomyocytes by gRNA transfection and found that it decreases the expression of PKD1-encoded PC1 protein that co-localizes specifically with Serca2a and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. We also detected the suppression of Ca2+ amplitude in ventricular cardiomyocytes with decreased PC1 expression in mixed culture. Our HCIA method provides comprehensive kinetic and static information on individual cardiomyocytes and allows the pathogenicity of mutations to be determined rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Tabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Masumura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Suzuka Kunimatsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shota Okuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shou Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shungo Hikoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Cataisson C, Lee AJ, Zhang AM, Mizes A, Korkmaz S, Carofino BL, Meyer TJ, Michalowski AM, Li L, Yuspa SH. RAS oncogene signal strength regulates matrisomal gene expression and tumorigenicity of mouse keratinocytes. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:1149-1161. [PMID: 36306264 PMCID: PMC10122430 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and molecular carcinogenesis are linked by the discovery that chemical carcinogen induced-mutations in the Hras or Kras genes drives tumor development in mouse skin. Importantly, enhanced expression or allele amplification of the mutant Ras gene contributes to selection of initiated cells, tumor persistence, and progression. To explore the consequences of Ras oncogene signal strength, primary keratinocytes were isolated and cultured from the LSL-HrasG12D and LSL-KrasG12D C57BL/6J mouse models and the mutant allele was activated by adeno-Cre recombinase. Keratinocytes expressing one (H) or two (HH) mutant alleles of HrasG12D, one KrasG12D allele (K), or one of each (HK) were studied. All combinations of activated Ras alleles stimulated proliferation and drove transformation marker expression, but only HH and HK formed tumors. HH, HK, and K sustained long-term keratinocyte growth in vitro, while H and WT could not. RNA-Seq yielded two distinct gene expression profiles; HH, HK, and K formed one cluster while H clustered with WT. Weak MAPK activation was seen in H keratinocytes but treatment with a BRAF inhibitor enhanced MAPK signaling and facilitated tumor formation. K keratinocytes became tumorigenic when they were isolated from mice where the LSL-KrasG12D allele was backcrossed from the C57BL/6 onto the FVB/N background. All tumorigenic keratinocytes but not the non-tumorigenic precursors shared a common remodeling of matrisomal gene expression that is associated with tumor formation. Thus, RAS oncogene signal strength determines cell-autonomous changes in initiated cells that are critical for their tumor-forming potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alex J Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ashley M Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alicia Mizes
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Serena Korkmaz
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brandi L Carofino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Luowei Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stuart H Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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230
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In vitro genome editing activity of Cas9 in somatic cells after random and transposon-based genomic Cas9 integration. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279123. [PMID: 36584049 PMCID: PMC9803249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its close resemblance, the domesticated pig has proven to be a diverse animal model for biomedical research and genome editing tools have contributed to developing porcine models for several human diseases. By employing the CRISPR-Cas9 system, porcine embryos or somatic cells can be genetically modified to generate the desired genotype. However, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of modified somatic cells and embryo manipulation are challenging, especially if the desired genotype is detrimental to the embryo. Direct in vivo edits may facilitate the production of genetically engineered pigs by integrating Cas9 into the porcine genome. Cas9 expressing cells were generated by either random integration or transposon-based integration of Cas9 and used as donor cells in SCNT. In total, 15 animals were generated that carried a transposon-based Cas9 integration and two pigs a randomly integrated Cas9. Cas9 expression was confirmed in muscle, tonsil, spleen, kidney, lymph nodes, oral mucosa, and liver in two boars. Overall, Cas9 expression was higher for transposon-based integration, except in tonsils and liver. To verify Cas9 activity, fibroblasts were subjected to in vitro genome editing. Isolated fibroblasts were transfected with guide RNAs (gRNA) targeting different genes (GGTA1, B4GALNT2, B2M) relevant to xenotransplantation. Next generation sequencing revealed that the editing efficiencies varied (2-60%) between the different target genes. These results show that the integrated Cas9 remained functional, and that Cas9 expressing pigs may be used to induce desired genomic modifications to model human diseases or further evaluate in vivo gene therapy approaches.
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231
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Tarverdizadeh Y, Khalili M, Esmaeili S, Ahmadian G, Golchin M, Hajizade A. Targeted gene inactivation in Salmonella Typhi by CRISPR/Cas9-assisted homologous recombination. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:58. [PMID: 36572753 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted gene inactivation (TGI) is a widely used technique for the study of genes' functions. There are many different methods for TGI, however, most of them are so complicated and time-consuming. New promising genetic engineering tools are developing for this purpose. In the present study, for the first time we disrupted a virulence gene from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), located in the bacterial chromosome using CRISPR/Cas9 system and homology directed repair (HDR). METHODS For this aim, pCas9 plasmid containing Cas9 enzyme and required proteins for homology directed recombination was transferred to S. Typhi by electroporation. On the other hand, a specific guide RNA (gRNA) was designed using CRISPOR online tool. Synthetic gRNA was cloned into pTargetF plasmid. Also, a DNA fragment (HDR fragment) was designed to incorporate into the bacterial chromosome following the cleavage of the bacterial genome by Cas9 enzyme. pTargetF containing gRNA and HDR fragment were co-transferred to S. Typhi containing pcas9 plasmid. The transformed bacteria were screened for recombination using PCR, restriction digestion and sequencing. RESULTS The results of PCR, restriction digestion and sequencing showed the successful recombination of S. Typhi, in which the gidA gene is disrupted. CONCLUSION In the present study we aimed to develop a rapid and robust method for targeted gene inactivation in a bacterial species, S. Typhi. This procedure can be exploited for disruption of other Salmonella as well as other bacteria's genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousof Tarverdizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalili
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saber Esmaeili
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Golchin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Hajizade
- Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
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232
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Shi J, Wu X, Wang Z, Li F, Meng Y, Moore RM, Cui J, Xue C, Croce KR, Yurdagul A, Doench JG, Li W, Zarbalis KS, Tabas I, Yamamoto A, Zhang H. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies WDFY3 as a regulator of macrophage efferocytosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7929. [PMID: 36566259 PMCID: PMC9789999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic clearance of dying cells, termed efferocytosis, is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet our understanding of efferocytosis regulation remains incomplete. Here we perform a FACS-based, genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in primary mouse macrophages to search for novel regulators of efferocytosis. The results show that Wdfy3 knockout in macrophages specifically impairs uptake, but not binding, of apoptotic cells due to defective actin disassembly. Additionally, WDFY3 interacts with GABARAP, thus facilitating LC3 lipidation and subsequent lysosomal acidification to permit the degradation of apoptotic cell components. Mechanistically, while the C-terminus of WDFY3 is sufficient to rescue the impaired degradation induced by Wdfy3 knockout, full-length WDFY3 is required to reconstitute the uptake of apoptotic cells. Finally, WDFY3 is also required for efficient efferocytosis in vivo in mice and in vitro in primary human macrophages. This work thus expands our knowledge of the mechanisms of macrophage efferocytosis, as well as supports genome-wide CRISPR screen as a platform for interrogating complex functional phenotypes in primary macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Shi
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Xun Wu
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Fang Li
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Yujiao Meng
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rebecca M. Moore
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Jian Cui
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Katherine R. Croce
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- grid.411417.60000 0004 0443 6864Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA USA
| | - John G. Doench
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Wei Li
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC USA ,grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Konstantinos S. Zarbalis
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA ,grid.415852.f0000 0004 0449 5792Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
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Florentino RM, Morita K, Haep N, Motomura T, Diaz-Aragon R, Faccioli LA, Collin de l’Hortet A, Cetin Z, Frau C, Vernetti L, Amler AK, Thomas A, Lam T, Kloke L, Takeishi K, Taylor DL, Fox IJ, Soto-Gutierrez A. Biofabrication of synthetic human liver tissue with advanced programmable functions. iScience 2022; 25:105503. [PMID: 36404924 PMCID: PMC9672940 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cellular engineering, as well as gene, and cell therapy, may be used to produce human tissues with programmable genetically enhanced functions designed to model and/or treat specific diseases. Fabrication of synthetic human liver tissue with these programmable functions has not been described. By generating human iPSCs with target gene expression controlled by a guide RNA-directed CRISPR-Cas9 synergistic-activation-mediator, we produced synthetic human liver tissues with programmable functions. Such iPSCs were guide-RNA-treated to enhance expression of the clinically relevant CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 genes, and after hepatocyte-directed differentiation, cells demonstrated enhanced functions compared to those found in primary human hepatocytes. We then generated human liver tissue with these synthetic human iPSC-derived hepatocytes (iHeps) and other non-parenchymal cells demonstrating advanced programmable functions. Fabrication of synthetic human liver tissue with modifiable functional genetic programs may be a useful tool for drug discovery, investigating biology, and potentially creating bioengineered organs with specialized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M. Florentino
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Morita
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nils Haep
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takashi Motomura
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zeliha Cetin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carla Frau
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence Vernetti
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Tobias Lam
- Cellbricks GmbH, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Kloke
- Cellbricks GmbH, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kazuki Takeishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - D. Lansing Taylor
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ira J. Fox
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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234
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Yamazaki K, Matsuo K, Okada A, Uno N, Suzuki T, Abe S, Hamamichi S, Kishima N, Togai S, Tomizuka K, Kazuki Y. Simultaneous loading of PCR-based multiple fragments on mouse artificial chromosome vectors in DT40 cell for gene delivery. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21790. [PMID: 36526651 PMCID: PMC9758134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Homology-directed repair-mediated knock-in (HDR-KI) in combination with CRISPR-Cas9-mediated double strand break (DSB) leads to high frequency of site-specific HDR-KI. While this characteristic is advantageous for generating genetically modified cellular and animal models, HDR-KI efficiency in mammalian cells remains low. Since avian DT40 cells offer distinct advantage of high HDR-KI efficiency, we expanded this practicality to adapt to mammalian research through sequential insertion of target sequences into mouse/human artificial chromosome vector (MAC/HAC). Here, we developed the simultaneous insertion of multiple fragments by HDR method termed the simHDR wherein a target sequence and selection markers could be loaded onto MAC simultaneously. Additionally, preparing each HDR donor containing homology arm by PCR could bypass the cloning steps of target sequence and selection markers. To confirm the functionality of the loaded HDR donors, we constructed a MAC with human leukocyte antigen A (HLA-A) gene in the DT40 cells, and verified the expression of this genomic region by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Collectively, the simHDR offers a rapid and convenient approach to generate genetically modified models for investigating gene functions, as well as understanding disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyotaro Yamazaki
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Integrated Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan ,grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsuo
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Akane Okada
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Narumi Uno
- grid.410785.f0000 0001 0659 6325Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Teruhiko Suzuki
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506 Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Shusei Hamamichi
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Nanami Kishima
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Integrated Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Shota Togai
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- grid.410785.f0000 0001 0659 6325Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Integrated Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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235
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Keys HR, Knouse KA. Genome-scale CRISPR screening in a single mouse liver. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100217. [PMID: 36643909 PMCID: PMC9835819 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A complete understanding of the genetic determinants underlying mammalian physiology and disease is limited by the capacity for high-throughput genetic dissection in the living organism. Genome-wide CRISPR screening is a powerful method for uncovering the genetic regulation of cellular processes, but the need to stably deliver single guide RNAs to millions of cells has largely restricted its implementation to ex vivo systems. There thus remains a need for accessible high-throughput functional genomics in vivo. Here, we establish genome-wide screening in the liver of a single mouse and use this approach to uncover regulation of hepatocyte fitness. We uncover pathways not identified in cell culture screens, underscoring the power of genetic dissection in the organism. The approach we developed is accessible, scalable, and adaptable to diverse phenotypes and applications. We have hereby established a foundation for high-throughput functional genomics in a living mammal, enabling comprehensive investigation of physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R. Keys
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kristin A. Knouse
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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236
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Wei CG, Zhang R, Wei LY, Pan P, Zu H, Liu YZ, Wang Y, Shen JK. Calcium phosphate-based nanomedicine mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for prostate cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1078342. [PMID: 36588949 PMCID: PMC9794984 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1078342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Erythropoietin producing hepatocyte receptor A2 (EphA2) is widely presented in the tumor cells, closely related to tumor cell migration, not cell apoptosis and proliferation. Based on its high expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), we herein develop a CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-editing nanomedicine to target erythropoietin producing hepatocyte receptor A2 for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Methods: To this end, TAT was designed to stabilize the distribution of calcium, and then bound to ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to form nanoparticles RNP@CaP-TAT. Results: This nanoparticle has a simple synthesis process with good biocompatible, to achieve the knockout of tumor cells (PC-3) targeting erythropoietin producing hepatocyte receptor A2 gene and to effectively suppress the migration of tumor cells. Discussion: This delivery genome editing system provides a promising gene therapy strategy for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer, showing good potential against castration-resistant prostate cancer tumor metastasis. In addition, it can be extended to other types of cancer with highly heterogeneous gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Gang Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lan-Yi Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - He Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jun-Kang Shen, ; Yong Wang,
| | - Jun-Kang Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jun-Kang Shen, ; Yong Wang,
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237
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Boccuni L, Podgorschek E, Schmiedeberg M, Platanitis E, Traxler P, Fischer P, Schirripa A, Novoszel P, Nebreda AR, Arthur JSC, Fortelny N, Farlik M, Sexl V, Bock C, Sibilia M, Kovarik P, Müller M, Decker T. Stress signaling boosts interferon-induced gene transcription in macrophages. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabq5389. [PMID: 36512641 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abq5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Promoters of antimicrobial genes function as logic boards, integrating signals of innate immune responses. One such set of genes is stimulated by interferon (IFN) signaling, and the expression of these genes [IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs)] can be further modulated by cell stress-induced pathways. Here, we investigated the global effect of stress-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling on the response of macrophages to IFN. In response to cell stress that coincided with IFN exposure, the p38 MAPK-activated transcription factors CREB and c-Jun, in addition to the IFN-activated STAT family of transcription factors, bound to ISGs. In addition, p38 MAPK signaling induced activating histone modifications at the loci of ISGs and stimulated nuclear translocation of the CREB coactivator CRTC3. These actions synergistically enhanced ISG expression. Disrupting this synergy with p38 MAPK inhibitors improved the viability of macrophages infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Our findings uncover a mechanism of transcriptional synergism and highlight the biological consequences of coincident stress-induced p38 MAPK and IFN-stimulated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boccuni
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
- University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Elke Podgorschek
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
- University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Moritz Schmiedeberg
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
- University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ekaterini Platanitis
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
- University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Peter Traxler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Philipp Fischer
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
- University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alessia Schirripa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Philipp Novoszel
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology and University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
- University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
- University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Vienna 1030, Austria
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238
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Shi H, Doench JG, Chi H. CRISPR screens for functional interrogation of immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2022:10.1038/s41577-022-00802-4. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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239
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He B, Yu H, Liu S, Wan H, Fu S, Liu S, Yang J, Zhang Z, Huang H, Li Q, Wang F, Jiang Z, Liu Q, Jiang H. Mitochondrial cristae architecture protects against mtDNA release and inflammation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111774. [PMID: 36476853 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release to activate the type I interferon (IFN-I) response via the cGAS-STING pathway. mtDNA-induced inflammation promotes autoimmune- and aging-related degenerative disorders. However, the global picture of inflammation-inducing mitochondrial damages remains obscure. Here, we have performed a mitochondria-targeted CRISPR knockout screen for regulators of the IFN-I response. Strikingly, our screen reveals dozens of hits enriched with key regulators of cristae architecture, including phospholipid cardiolipin and protein complexes such as OPA1, mitochondrial contact site and cristae organization (MICOS), sorting and assembly machinery (SAM), mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging (MIB), prohibitin (PHB), and the F1Fo-ATP synthase. Disrupting these cristae organizers consistently induces mtDNA release and the STING-dependent IFN-I response. Furthermore, knocking out MTX2, a subunit of the SAM complex whose null mutations cause progeria in humans, induces a robust STING-dependent IFN-I response in mouse liver. Taken together, beyond revealing the central role of cristae architecture to prevent mtDNA release and inflammation, our results mechanistically link mitochondrial cristae disorganization and inflammation, two emerging hallmarks of aging and aging-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu He
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huatong Yu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing 102206, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huayun Wan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Song Fu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing 102206, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing 102206, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huanwei Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhaodi Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China.
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240
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McQuillan HJ, Clarkson J, Kauff A, Han SY, Yip SH, Cheong I, Porteous R, Heather AK, Herbison AE. Definition of the estrogen negative feedback pathway controlling the GnRH pulse generator in female mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7433. [PMID: 36460649 PMCID: PMC9718805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the homeostatic estrogen negative feedback pathway central to mammalian fertility have remained unresolved. Direct measurement of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator activity in freely behaving mice with GCaMP photometry demonstrated striking estradiol-dependent plasticity in the frequency, duration, amplitude, and profile of pulse generator synchronization events. Mice with Cre-dependent deletion of ESR1 from all kisspeptin neurons exhibited pulse generator activity identical to that of ovariectomized wild-type mice. An in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 approach was used to knockdown ESR1 expression selectively in arcuate nucleus (ARN) kisspeptin neurons. Mice with >80% deletion of ESR1 in ARN kisspeptin neurons exhibited the ovariectomized pattern of GnRH pulse generator activity and high frequency LH pulses but with very low amplitude due to reduced responsiveness of the pituitary. Together, these studies demonstrate that estrogen utilizes ESR1 in ARN kisspeptin neurons to achieve estrogen negative feedback of the GnRH pulse generator in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H James McQuillan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Clarkson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alexia Kauff
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Su Young Han
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Siew Hoong Yip
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Isaiah Cheong
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robert Porteous
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alison K Heather
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. .,Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. .,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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241
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Riedel NC, de Faria FW, Alfert A, Bruder JM, Kerl K. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Systems in Pediatric and Adult Brain Tumor Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235972. [PMID: 36497454 PMCID: PMC9738956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary brain tumors often possess a high intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, which fosters insufficient treatment response for high-grade neoplasms, leading to a dismal prognosis. Recent years have seen the emergence of patient-specific three-dimensional in vitro models, including organoids. They can mimic primary parenteral tumors more closely in their histological, transcriptional, and mutational characteristics, thus approximating their intratumoral heterogeneity better. These models have been established for entities including glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. They have proven themselves to be reliable platforms for studying tumor generation, tumor-TME interactions, and prediction of patient-specific responses to establish treatment regimens and new personalized therapeutics. In this review, we outline current 3D cell culture models for adult and pediatric brain tumors, explore their current limitations, and summarize their applications in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Riedel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Flavia W. de Faria
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Amelie Alfert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan M. Bruder
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, 48148 Münster, Germany
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-83-47742; Fax: +49-251-83-47828
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242
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Xue K, Wu D, Qiu Y. Specific and efficient gene knockout and overexpression in mouse interscapular brown adipocytes in vivo. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101895. [PMID: 36595932 PMCID: PMC9722717 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical Cre-LoxP system is time consuming. Here we detail a protocol that leverages Rosa26-LSL-Cas9;Adiponectin-Cre mice to restrict Cas9 expression in adipocytes. This enables specific deletion of target genes in brown adipocytes within 6 weeks by local injection of AAV-sgRNA into interscapular brown adipose tissue. We also describe an adiponectin-promoter-driven AAV vector to express sgRNA-resistant cDNA-encoded protein for subsequent rescue. This protocol thus provides an efficient means to specifically knockout and overexpress genes in brown adipocytes in vivo. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Xue et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Xue
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,Corresponding author
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yifu Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,Corresponding author
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243
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Abstract
Metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, are a major threat to health in the modern world, but efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop rational treatments are limited by the lack of appropriate human model systems. Notably, advances in stem cell and organoid technology allow the generation of cellular models that replicate the histological, molecular and physiological properties of human organs. Combined with marked improvements in gene editing tools, human stem cells and organoids provide unprecedented systems for studying mechanisms of metabolic diseases. Here, we review progress made over the past decade in the generation and use of stem cell-derived metabolic cell types and organoids in metabolic disease research, especially obesity and liver diseases. In particular, we discuss the limitations of animal models and the advantages of stem cells and organoids, including their application to metabolic diseases. We also discuss mechanisms of drug action, understanding the efficacy and toxicity of existing therapies, screening for new treatments and pursuing personalized therapies. We highlight the potential of combining stem cell-derived organoids with gene editing and functional genomics to revolutionize the approach to finding treatments for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Hu
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong, China.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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244
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Qiu HY, Ji RJ, Zhang Y. Current advances of CRISPR-Cas technology in cell therapy. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100067. [PMID: 37193354 PMCID: PMC10120314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas is a versatile genome editing technology that has been broadly applied in both basic research and translation medicine. Ever since its discovery, the bacterial derived endonucleases have been engineered to a collection of robust genome-editing tools for introducing frameshift mutations or base conversions at site-specific loci. Since the initiation of first-in-human trial in 2016, CRISPR-Cas has been tested in 57 cell therapy trials, 38 of which focusing on engineered CAR-T cells and TCR-T cells for cancer malignancies, 15 trials of engineered hematopoietic stem cells treating hemoglobinopathies, leukemia and AIDS, and 4 trials of engineered iPSCs for diabetes and cancer. Here, we aim to review the recent breakthroughs of CRISPR technology and highlight their applications in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yuan Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui-Jin Ji
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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245
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PIWI-Interacting RNA (piRNA) and Epigenetic Editing in Environmental Health Sciences. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:650-660. [PMID: 35917009 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The epigenome modulates gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. Modifications to the epigenome are potentially reversible, making them a promising therapeutic approach to mitigate environmental exposure effects on human health. This review details currently available genome and epigenome editing technologies and highlights ncRNA, including piRNA, as potential tools for targeted epigenome editing. RECENT FINDINGS: Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated nuclease (CRISPR/Cas) research has significantly advanced genome editing technology, with broad promise in genetic research and targeted therapies. Initial epigenome-directed therapies relied on global modification and suffered from limited specificity. Adapted from current genome editing tools, zinc finger protein (ZFP), TALE, and CRISPR/nuclease-deactivated Cas (dCas) systems now confer locus-specific epigenome editing, with promising applicability in the field of environmental health sciences. However, high incidence of off-target effects and time taken for screening limit their use. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT: ncRNA serve as a versatile biomarker with well-characterized regulatory mechanisms that can easily be adapted to edit the epigenome. For instance, the transposon silencing mechanism of germline PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA) could be engineered to specifically methylate a given gene, overcoming pitfalls of current global modifiers. Future developments in epigenome editing technologies will inform risk assessment through mechanistic investigation and serve as potential modes of intervention to mitigate environmentally induced adverse health outcomes later in life.
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246
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Chen H, Durinck S, Patel H, Foreman O, Mesh K, Eastham J, Caothien R, Newman RJ, Roose-Girma M, Darmanis S, Warming S, Lattanzi A, Liang Y, Haley B. Population-wide gene disruption in the murine lung epithelium via AAV-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 components. MOLECULAR THERAPY - METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2022; 27:431-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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247
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In vivo genome editing using novel AAV-PHP variants rescues motor function deficits and extends survival in a SOD1-ALS mouse model. Gene Ther 2022; 30:443-454. [PMID: 36450833 PMCID: PMC9713118 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-based gene editing technology represents a promising approach to deliver therapies for inherited disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Toxic gain-of-function superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations are responsible for ~20% of familial ALS cases. Thus, current clinical strategies to treat SOD1-ALS are designed to lower SOD1 levels. Here, we utilized AAV-PHP.B variants to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs designed to disrupt the human SOD1 (huSOD1) transgene in SOD1G93A mice. A one-time intracerebroventricular injection of AAV.PHP.B-huSOD1-sgRNA into neonatal H11Cas9 SOD1G93A mice caused robust and sustained mutant huSOD1 protein reduction in the cortex and spinal cord, and restored motor function. Neonatal treatment also reduced spinal motor neuron loss, denervation at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and muscle atrophy, diminished axonal damage and preserved compound muscle action potential throughout the lifespan of treated mice. SOD1G93A treated mice achieved significant disease-free survival, extending lifespan by more than 110 days. Importantly, a one-time intrathecal or intravenous injection of AAV.PHP.eB-huSOD1-sgRNA in adult H11Cas9 SOD1G93A mice, immediately before symptom onset, also extended lifespan by at least 170 days. We observed substantial protection against disease progression, demonstrating the utility of our CRISPR editing preclinical approach for target evaluation. Our approach uncovered key parameters (e.g., AAV capsid, Cas9 expression) that resulted in improved efficacy compared to similar approaches and can also serve to accelerate drug target validation.
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248
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Megagiannis P, Suresh R, Rouleau GA, Zhou Y. Reversibility and therapeutic development for neurodevelopmental disorders, insights from genetic animal models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114562. [PMID: 36183904 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) encompass a broad spectrum of conditions resulting from atypical brain development. Over the past decades, we have had the fortune to witness enormous progress in diagnosis, etiology discovery, modeling, and mechanistic understanding of NDDs from both fundamental and clinical research. Here, we review recent neurobiological advances from experimental models of NDDs. We introduce several examples and highlight breakthroughs in reversal studies of phenotypes using genetically engineered models of NDDs. The in-depth understanding of brain pathophysiology underlying NDDs and evaluations of reversibility in animal models paves the foundation for discovering novel treatment options. We discuss how the expanding property of cutting-edge technologies, such as gene editing and AAV-mediated gene delivery, are leveraged in animal models for the therapeutic development of NDDs. We envision opportunities and challenges toward faithful modeling and fruitful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Platon Megagiannis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Rahul Suresh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
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249
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Tiyaboonchai A, Vonada A, Posey J, Pelz C, Wakefield L, Grompe M. Self-cleaving guide RNAs enable pharmacological selection of precise gene editing events in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7391. [PMID: 36450762 PMCID: PMC9712609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of guide RNAs in the CRISPR/Cas9 system typically requires the use of RNA polymerase III promoters, which are not cell-type specific. Flanking the gRNA with self-cleaving ribozyme motifs to create a self-cleaving gRNA overcomes this limitation. Here, we use self-cleaving gRNAs to create drug-selectable gene editing events in specific hepatocyte loci. A recombinant Adeno Associated Virus vector targeting the Albumin locus with a promoterless self-cleaving gRNA to create drug resistance is linked in cis with the therapeutic transgene. Gene expression of both are dependent on homologous recombination into the target locus. In vivo drug selection for the precisely edited hepatocytes allows >30-fold expansion of gene-edited cells and results in therapeutic levels of a human Factor 9 transgene. Importantly, self-cleaving gRNA expression is also achieved after targeting weak hepatocyte genes. We conclude that self-cleaving gRNAs are a powerful system to enable cell-type specific in vivo drug resistance for therapeutic gene editing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Tiyaboonchai
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Anne Vonada
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey Posey
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Leslie Wakefield
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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250
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Le TA, Chu VT, Lino AC, Schrezenmeier E, Kressler C, Hamo D, Rajewsky K, Dörner T, Dang VD. Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in primary human B cells for identifying plasma cell regulators. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:621-632. [PMID: 36514352 PMCID: PMC9722396 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human B lymphocytes are attractive targets for immunotherapies in autoantibody-mediated diseases. Gene editing technologies could provide a powerful tool to determine gene regulatory networks regulating B cell differentiation into plasma cells, and identify novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Here, we describe a new approach that uses CRISPR-Cas9 technology to target genes in primary human B cells in vitro for identifying plasma cell regulators. We found that sgRNA and Cas9 components can be efficiently delivered into primary human B cells through RD114-pseudotyped retroviral vectors. Using this system, we achieved approximately 80% of gene knockout efficiency. We disrupted expression of a triad of transcription factors, IRF4, PRDM1, and XBP1, and showed that human B cell survival and plasma cell differentiation are severely impaired. Specifically, that IRF4, PRDM1, and XBP1 were expressed at different stages during plasma cell differentiation, IRF4, PRDM1, and XBP1-targeted B cells failed to progress to the pre-plasmablast, plasma cell state, and plasma cell survival, respectively. Our method opens a new avenue to study gene functions in primary human B cells and identify novel plasma cell regulators for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Le
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Van Trung Chu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Immune Regulation and Cancer, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Kressler
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dania Hamo
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Immune Regulation and Cancer, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author Thomas Dörner, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Van Duc Dang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Corresponding author Van Duc Dang, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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