201
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Ridlon JM, Daniel SL, Gaskins HR. The Hylemon-Björkhem pathway of bile acid 7-dehydroxylation: history, biochemistry, and microbiology. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100392. [PMID: 37211250 PMCID: PMC10382948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are detergents derived from cholesterol that function to solubilize dietary lipids, remove cholesterol from the body, and act as nutrient signaling molecules in numerous tissues with functions in the liver and gut being the best understood. Studies in the early 20th century established the structures of bile acids, and by mid-century, the application of gnotobiology to bile acids allowed differentiation of host-derived "primary" bile acids from "secondary" bile acids generated by host-associated microbiota. In 1960, radiolabeling studies in rodent models led to determination of the stereochemistry of the bile acid 7-dehydration reaction. A two-step mechanism was proposed, which we have termed the Samuelsson-Bergström model, to explain the formation of deoxycholic acid. Subsequent studies with humans, rodents, and cell extracts of Clostridium scindens VPI 12708 led to the realization that bile acid 7-dehydroxylation is a result of a multi-step, bifurcating pathway that we have named the Hylemon-Björkhem pathway. Due to the importance of hydrophobic secondary bile acids and the increasing measurement of microbial bai genes encoding the enzymes that produce them in stool metagenome studies, it is important to understand their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Ridlon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Steven L Daniel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
| | - H Rex Gaskins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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202
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Oñate FP, Chamignon C, Burz SD, Lapaque N, Monnoye M, Philippe C, Bredel M, Chêne L, Farin W, Paillarse JM, Boursier J, Ratziu V, Mousset PY, Doré J, Gérard P, Blottière HM. Adlercreutzia equolifaciens Is an Anti-Inflammatory Commensal Bacterium with Decreased Abundance in Gut Microbiota of Patients with Metabolic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12232. [PMID: 37569608 PMCID: PMC10418321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 20-40% of the adult population in high-income countries and is now a leading indication for liver transplantation and can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. The link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and NAFLD is now clearly established. Through analyses of the gut microbiota with shotgun metagenomics, we observe that compared to healthy controls, Adlercreutzia equolifaciens is depleted in patients with liver diseases such as NAFLD. Its abundance also decreases as the disease progresses and eventually disappears in the last stages indicating a strong association with disease severity. Moreover, we show that A. equolifaciens possesses anti-inflammatory properties, both in vitro and in vivo in a humanized mouse model of NAFLD. Therefore, our results demonstrate a link between NAFLD and the severity of liver disease and the presence of A. equolifaciens and its anti-inflammatory actions. Counterbalancing dysbiosis with this bacterium may be a promising live biotherapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Plaza Oñate
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.P.O.); (J.D.)
| | - Célia Chamignon
- NovoBiome, 33360 Latresne, France; (C.C.); (M.B.); (P.-Y.M.)
| | - Sebastian D. Burz
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Nicolas Lapaque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Maxime Bredel
- NovoBiome, 33360 Latresne, France; (C.C.); (M.B.); (P.-Y.M.)
| | - Laurent Chêne
- Enterome, 75011 Paris, France; (L.C.); (W.F.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - William Farin
- Enterome, 75011 Paris, France; (L.C.); (W.F.); (J.-M.P.)
| | | | - Jérome Boursier
- Université d’Angers, SFR ICAT4208, Laboratoire HIFIH & Centre Hospitalier d’Angers, 49100 Angers, France;
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France;
| | | | - Joël Doré
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.P.O.); (J.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Hervé M. Blottière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.P.O.); (J.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
- Nantes-Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, 44000 Nantes, France
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203
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Yin C, Zhong R, Zhang W, Liu L, Chen L, Zhang H. The Potential of Bile Acids as Biomarkers for Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12123. [PMID: 37569498 PMCID: PMC10418921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are well known to facilitate the absorption of dietary fat and fat-soluble molecules. These unique steroids also function by binding to the ubiquitous cell membranes and nuclear receptors. As chemical signals in gut-liver axis, the presence of metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and even tumors have been reported to be closely related to abnormal levels of BAs in the blood and fecal metabolites of patients. Thus, the gut microbiota interacting with BAs and altering BA metabolism are critical in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases. This review intends to summarize the mechanistic links between metabolic disorders and BAs in gut-liver axis, and such stage-specific BA perturbation patterns may provide clues for developing new auxiliary diagnostic means.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.Y.); (R.Z.)
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204
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Guo GJ, Yao F, Lu WP, Xu HM. Gut microbiome and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: Current status and potential applications. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:867-882. [PMID: 37547030 PMCID: PMC10401411 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i7.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. In recent years, the occurrence rate of MAFLD has been on the rise, mainly due to lifestyle changes, high-calorie diets, and imbalanced dietary structures, thereby posing a threat to human health and creating heavy social and economic burdens. With the development of 16S sequencing and integrated multi-omics analysis, the role of the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites in MAFLD has been further recognized. The GM plays a role in digestion, energy metabolism, vitamin synthesis, the prevention of pathogenic bacteria colonisation, and immunoregulation. The gut-liver axis is one of the vital links between the GM and the liver. Toxic substances in the intestine can enter the liver through the portal vascular system when the intestinal barrier is severely damaged. The liver also influences the GM in various ways, such as bile acid circulation. The gut-liver axis is essential in maintaining the body’s normal physiological state and plays a role in the onset and prognosis of many diseases, including MAFLD. This article reviews the status of the GM and MAFLD and summarizes the GM characteristics in MAFLD. The relationship between the GM and MAFLD is discussed in terms of bile acid circulation, energy metabolism, micronutrients, and signalling pathways. Current MAFLD treatments targeting the GM are also listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Jing Guo
- Gastroenterology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Science and Education, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Peng Lu
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
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205
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Masse KE, Lu VB. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and indoles: gut microbial metabolites with effects on enteroendocrine cell function and their potential as therapies for metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1169624. [PMID: 37560311 PMCID: PMC10407565 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1169624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract hosts the largest ecosystem of microorganisms in the body. The metabolism of ingested nutrients by gut bacteria produces novel chemical mediators that can influence chemosensory cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. Specifically, hormone-releasing enteroendocrine cells which express a host of receptors activated by these bacterial metabolites. This review will focus on the activation mechanisms of glucagon-like peptide-1 releasing enteroendocrine cells by the three main bacterial metabolites produced in the gut: short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and indoles. Given the importance of enteroendocrine cells in regulating glucose homeostasis and food intake, we will also discuss therapies based on these bacterial metabolites used in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Elucidating the mechanisms gut bacteria can influence cellular function in the host will advance our understanding of this fundamental symbiotic relationship and unlock the potential of harnessing these pathways to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Van B. Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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206
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Long XQ, Liu MZ, Liu ZH, Xia LZ, Lu SP, Xu XP, Wu MH. Bile acids and their receptors: Potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4252-4270. [PMID: 37545642 PMCID: PMC10401658 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a complex interplay between genetics and intestinal dysbiosis are called inflammatory bowel disease. As a result of the interaction between the liver and the gut microbiota, bile acids are an atypical class of steroids produced in mammals and traditionally known for their function in food absorption. With the development of genomics and metabolomics, more and more data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease are regulated by bile acids and their receptors. Bile acids operate as signalling molecules by activating a variety of bile acid receptors that impact intestinal flora, epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immunology. Inflammatory bowel disease can be treated in new ways by using these potential molecules. This paper mainly discusses the increasing function of bile acids and their receptors in inflammatory bowel disease and their prospective therapeutic applications. In addition, we explore bile acid metabolism and the interaction of bile acids and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Quan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lv-Zhou Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Peng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
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207
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Yang Y, Chi L, Liu CW, Hsiao YC, Lu K. Chronic Arsenic Exposure Perturbs Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Homeostasis in Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1037-1043. [PMID: 37295807 PMCID: PMC10773974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure can perturb gut microbiota and their metabolic functions. We exposed C57BL/6 mice to 1 ppm arsenic in drinking water and investigated whether arsenic exposure affects the homeostasis of bile acids, a group of key microbiome-regulated signaling molecules of microbiome-host interactions. We found that arsenic exposure differentially changed major unconjugated primary bile acids and consistently decreased secondary bile acids in the serum and liver. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was associated with the bile acid level in serum. This study demonstrates that arsenic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a role in arsenic-perturbed bile acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Chih-wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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208
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Sjöland W, Wahlström A, Makki K, Schöler M, Molinaro A, Olsson L, Greiner T, Caesar R, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Bäckhed F, Marschall HU. Absence of gut microbiota reduces neonatal survival and exacerbates liver disease in Cyp2c70-deficient mice with a human-like bile acid composition. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:995-1011. [PMID: 37384590 PMCID: PMC10346113 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Mice with deletion of Cyp2c70 have a human-like bile acid composition, display age- and sex-dependent signs of hepatobiliary disease and can be used as a model to study interactions between bile acids and the gut microbiota in cholestatic liver disease. In the present study, we rederived Cyp2c70-/- mice as germ-free (GF) and colonized them with a human or a mouse microbiota to investigate whether the presence of a microbiota can be protective in cholangiopathic liver disease associated with Cyp2c70-deficiency. GF Cyp2c70-/- mice showed reduced neonatal survival, liver fibrosis, and distinct cholangiocyte proliferation. Colonization of germ-free breeding pairs with a human or a mouse microbiota normalized neonatal survival of the offspring, and particularly colonization with mouse microbiota from a conventionally raised mouse improved the liver phenotype at 6-10 weeks of age. The improved liver phenotype in conventionalized (CD) Cyp2c70-/- mice was associated with increased levels of tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and UDCA, resulting in a more hydrophilic bile acid profile compared with GF and humanized Cyp2c70-/- mice. The hydrophobicity index of biliary bile acids of CD Cyp2c70-/- mice was associated with changes in gut microbiota, liver weight, liver transaminases, and liver fibrosis. Hence, our results indicate that neonatal survival of Cyp2c70-/- mice seems to depend on the establishment of a gut microbiota at birth, and the improved liver phenotype in CD Cyp2c70-/- mice may be mediated by a larger proportion of TUDCA/UDCA in the circulating bile acid pool and/or by the presence of specific bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Sjöland
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Wahlström
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kassem Makki
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Schöler
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Olsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Uwe Greiner
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Caesar
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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209
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Malhotra P, Palanisamy R, Caparros-Martin JA, Falasca M. Bile Acids and Microbiota Interplay in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3573. [PMID: 37509236 PMCID: PMC10377396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests the involvement of the microbiota, including oral, intra-tumoral and gut, in pancreatic cancer progression and response to therapy. The gut microbiota modulates the bile acid pool and is associated with maintaining host physiology. Studies have shown that the bile acid/gut microbiota axis is dysregulated in pancreatic cancer. Bile acid receptor expression and bile acid levels are dysregulated in pancreatic cancer as well. Studies have also shown that bile acids can cause pancreatic cell injury and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. The microbiota and its metabolites, including bile acids, are also altered in other conditions considered risk factors for pancreatic cancer development and can alter responses to chemotherapeutic treatments, thus affecting patient outcomes. Altogether, these findings suggest that the gut microbial and/or bile acid profiles could also serve as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection. This review will discuss the current knowledge on the interaction between gut microbiota interaction and bile acid metabolism in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Malhotra
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ranjith Palanisamy
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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210
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Shao Y, Chen S, Han L, Liu J. Pharmacotherapies of NAFLD: updated opportunities based on metabolic intervention. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:30. [PMID: 37415199 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent, and it ranges from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. However, there is still a lack of pharmacotherapeutic strategies approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which results in a higher risk of death related to carcinoma and cardiovascular complications. Of note, it is well established that the pathogenesis of NAFLD is tightly associated with whole metabolic dysfunction. Thus, targeting interconnected metabolic conditions could present promising benefits to NAFLD, according to a number of clinical studies. Here, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of the development of NAFLD, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and intestinal metabolism, and provide insight into pharmacological targets. In addition, we present updates on the progresses in the development of pharmacotherapeutic strategies based on metabolic intervention globally, which could lead to new opportunities for NAFLD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodi Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Liu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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211
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Bai GH, Tsai MC, Lin SC, Hsu YH, Chen SY. Unraveling the interplay between norovirus infection, gut microbiota, and novel antiviral approaches: a comprehensive review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1212582. [PMID: 37485533 PMCID: PMC10359435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1212582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus infection is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and can also cause harmful chronic infections in individuals with weakened immune systems. The role of the gut microbiota in the interactions between the host and noroviruses has been extensively studied. While most past studies were conducted in vitro or focused on murine noroviruses, recent research has expanded to human noroviruses using in vivo or ex vivo human intestinal enteroids culture studies. The gut microbiota has been observed to have both promoting and inhibiting effects on human noroviruses. Understanding the interaction between noroviruses and the gut microbiota or probiotics is crucial for studying the pathogenesis of norovirus infection and its potential implications, including probiotics and vaccines for infection control. Recently, several clinical trials of probiotics and norovirus vaccines have also been published. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the current understanding and recent updates on the interactions between noroviruses and gut microbiota, including the impact of norovirus on the microbiota profile, pro-viral and antiviral effects of microbiota on norovirus infection, the use of probiotics for treating norovirus infections, and human norovirus vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Hao Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chen Tsai
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shih-Yen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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212
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Miyazaki T, Ueda H, Ikegami T, Honda A. Upregulation of Taurine Biosynthesis and Bile Acid Conjugation with Taurine through FXR in a Mouse Model with Human-like Bile Acid Composition. Metabolites 2023; 13:824. [PMID: 37512531 PMCID: PMC10385265 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, the end product in the sulfur-containing amino acid pathway, is conjugated with bile acids (BAs) in the liver. The rate-limiting enzymes in both taurine synthesis and BA conjugation may be regulated by a nucleus receptor, FXR, that promotes BA homeostasis. However, it is controversial because BAs act as natural FXR agonists or antagonists in humans and mice, respectively, due to the species differences in BA synthesis. The present study evaluated the influences of different BA compositions on both pathways in the liver by comparing Cyp2a12-/-/Cyp2c70-/- mice with a human-like BA composition (DKO) and wild-type (WT) mice. The DKO liver contains abundant natural FXR agonistic BAs, and the taurine-conjugated BA proportion and the taurine concentration were significantly increased, while the total BA concentration was significantly decreased compared to those in the WT liver with natural FXR antagonistic BAs. The mRNA expression levels of the enzymes Bacs and Baat in BA aminations and Cdo and Fmo1 in the taurine synthesis, as well as Fxr and its target gene, Shp, were significantly higher in the DKO liver than in the WT liver. The present study, using a model with a human-like BA composition in the liver, confirmed, for the first time in mice, that both the taurine synthesis and BA amidation pathways are upregulated by FXR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hajime Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikegami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
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213
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Wang C, Yi Z, Jiao Y, Shen Z, Yang F, Zhu S. Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Microenvironment Interactions in Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:821. [PMID: 37512528 PMCID: PMC10383923 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly serious global health problem. Some studies have revealed that the gut microbiota and its metabolites make important contributions to the onset of obesity. The gut microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem composed of diverse microbial communities with key regulatory functions in host metabolism and energy balance. Disruption of the gut microbiota can result in obesity, a chronic metabolic condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Host tissues (e.g., adipose, intestinal epithelial, and muscle tissues) can modulate the gut microbiota via microenvironmental interactions that involve hormone and cytokine secretion, changes in nutrient availability, and modifications of the gut environment. The interactions between host tissues and the gut microbiota are complex and bidirectional, with important effects on host health and obesity. This review provides a comprehensive summary of gut microbiota changes associated with obesity, the functional roles of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and the importance of the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and target tissues in the pathogenesis of obesity. It places particular emphasis on the roles of adipose tissue microenvironment interactions in the onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihan Yi
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye Jiao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Shen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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214
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Lin X, Zhu X, Xin Y, Zhang P, Xiao Y, He T, Guo H. Intermittent Fasting Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Promoting Fecal Bile Acid Excretion in High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200595. [PMID: 37148502 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Intermittent fasting (IF) has a protective role across a wide range of chronic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, but its protection against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still lacking. This study seeks to investigate how IF alleviates NASH by regulating gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) composition. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 16 weeks to establish a NASH model. Mice then continued HFHC feeding and are treated with or without every other day fasting for 10 weeks. Hepatic pathology is assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Gut microbiota of the cecum are profiled using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and the levels of BAs in serum, colon contents, and feces are measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results indicate that IF significantly decreases murine body weight, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. IF reshapes the gut microbiota, reduces the accumulation of serum BAs, and increases total colonic and fecal BAs. Moreover, IF increases the expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1 in liver, but decreases the expressions of both farnesoid-X-receptor and fibroblast growth factor 15 in the ileum. CONCLUSION IF alleviates NASH by regulating bile acid metabolism and promoting fecal bile acid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yunjun Xiao
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Taiping He
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
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215
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Zhao Y, Wei S, Chen L, Zhou X, Ma X. Primary biliary cholangitis: molecular pathogenesis perspectives and therapeutic potential of natural products. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1164202. [PMID: 37457696 PMCID: PMC10349375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic immune liver disease characterized by persistent cholestasis, interlobular bile duct damage, portal inflammation, liver fibrosis, eventual cirrhosis, and death. Existing clinical and animal studies have made a good progress in bile acid metabolism, intestinal flora disorder inflammatory response, bile duct cell damage, and autoimmune response mechanisms. However, the pathogenesis of PBC has not been clearly elucidated. We focus on the pathological mechanism and new drug research and development of PBC in clinical and laboratory in the recent 20 years, to discuss the latest understanding of the pathological mechanism, treatment options, and drug discovery of PBC. Current clinical treatment mode and symptomatic drug support obviously cannot meet the urgent demand of patients with PBC, especially for the patients who do not respond to the current treatment drugs. New treatment methods are urgently needed. Drug candidates targeting reported targets or signals of PBC are emerging, albeit with some success and some failure. Single-target drugs cannot achieve ideal clinical efficacy. Multitarget drugs are the trend of future research and development of PBC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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216
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Zhu F, Zheng S, Zhao M, Shi F, Zheng L, Wang H. The regulatory role of bile acid microbiota in the progression of liver cirrhosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1214685. [PMID: 37416060 PMCID: PMC10320161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1214685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized in liver tissue from cholesterol and are an important endocrine regulator and signaling molecule in the liver and intestine. It maintains BAs homeostasis, and the integrity of intestinal barrier function, and regulates enterohepatic circulation in vivo by modulating farnesoid X receptors (FXR) and membrane receptors. Cirrhosis and its associated complications can lead to changes in the composition of intestinal micro-ecosystem, resulting in dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. These changes may be related to the altered composition of BAs. The BAs transported to the intestinal cavity through the enterohepatic circulation are hydrolyzed and oxidized by intestinal microorganisms, resulting in changes in their physicochemical properties, which can also lead to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, induction of inflammation, and damage to the intestinal barrier, thus aggravating the progression of cirrhosis. In this paper, we review the discussion of BAs synthesis pathway and signal transduction, the bidirectional regulation of bile acids and intestinal microbiota, and further explore the role of reduced total bile acid concentration and dysregulated intestinal microbiota ratio in the development of cirrhosis, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of cirrhosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shudan Zheng
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Shi
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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217
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Lynch JB, Gonzalez EL, Choy K, Faull KF, Jewell T, Arellano A, Liang J, Yu KB, Paramo J, Hsiao EY. Gut microbiota Turicibacter strains differentially modify bile acids and host lipids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3669. [PMID: 37339963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria from the Turicibacter genus are prominent members of the mammalian gut microbiota and correlate with alterations in dietary fat and body weight, but the specific connections between these symbionts and host physiology are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we characterize a diverse set of mouse- and human-derived Turicibacter isolates, and find they group into clades that differ in their transformations of specific bile acids. We identify Turicibacter bile salt hydrolases that confer strain-specific differences in bile deconjugation. Using male and female gnotobiotic mice, we find colonization with individual Turicibacter strains leads to changes in host bile acid profiles, generally aligning with those produced in vitro. Further, colonizing mice with another bacterium exogenously expressing bile-modifying genes from Turicibacter strains decreases serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and adipose tissue mass. This identifies genes that enable Turicibacter strains to modify host bile acids and lipid metabolism, and positions Turicibacter bacteria as modulators of host fat biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Lynch
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Erika L Gonzalez
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kayli Choy
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kym F Faull
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kristie B Yu
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Paramo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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218
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Rusch JA, Layden BT, Dugas LR. Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130689. [PMID: 37404311 PMCID: PMC10316519 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells and has a genetic potential that exceeds that of the human genome, plays a crucial role in this interplay. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a bidirectional signalling pathway that operates through neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. One of the major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress is the HPA axis which produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents. Appropriate concentrations of cortisol are essential for normal neurodevelopment and function, as well as cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and studies have shown that microbes modulate the HPA axis throughout life. Stress can significantly impact the MGB axis via the HPA axis and other pathways. Animal research has advanced our understanding of these mechanisms and pathways, leading to a paradigm shift in conceptual thinking about the influence of the microbiota on human health and disease. Preclinical and human trials are currently underway to determine how these animal models translate to humans. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the gut microbiota, HPA axis, and cognition, and provide an overview of the main findings and conclusions in this broad field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A. Rusch
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- C17 Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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219
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Zhang H, Butoyi C, Yuan G, Jia J. Exploring the role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity and PCOS: Current updates and Future Prospects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110781. [PMID: 37331521 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine gynecological disorder, and the specific pathogenesis of PCOS has not been elucidated. Obesity is a current major public health problem, which is also vital to PCOS. It can exacerbate PCOS symptoms via insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia. The treatment of PCOS patients depends on the prevailing symptoms. Lifestyle interventions and weight loss remain first-line treatments for women with PCOS. The gut microbiota, which is a current research hot spot, has a substantial influence on PCOS and is closely related to obesity. The present study aimed to elucidate the function of the gut microbiota in obesity and PCOS to provide new ideas for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Claudette Butoyi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; School of Medicine , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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220
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Meng Z, Yan S, Sun W, Yan J, Teng M, Jia M, Tian S, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Chlorothalonil induces obesity in mice by regulating host gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism via FXR pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131310. [PMID: 37003002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As the most commonly used organochlorine pesticide nowadays, chlorothalonil (CHI), is ubiquitous in a natural environment and poses many adverse effects to organisms. Unfortunately, the toxicity mechanisms of CHI have not been clarified yet. This study found that the CHI based on ADI level could induce obesity in mice. In addition, CHI could induce an imbalance in the gut microbiota of mice. Furthermore, the results of the antibiotic treatment and gut microbiota transplantation experiments showed that the CHI could induce obesity in mice in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Based on the results of targeted metabolomics and gene expression analysis, CHI could disturb the bile acids (BAs) metabolism of mice, causing the inhibition of the signal response of BAs receptor FXR and leading to glycolipid metabolism disorders in liver and epiWAT of mice. The administration of FXR agonist GW4064 and CDCA could significantly improve the CHI-induced obesity in mice. In conclusion, CHI was found to induce obesity in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and BAs metabolism via the FXR signaling pathway. This study provides evidence linking the gut microbiota and pesticides exposure with the progression of obesity, demonstrating the key role of gut microbiota in the toxic effects of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sen Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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221
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Xing C, Huang X, Wang D, Yu D, Hou S, Cui H, Song L. Roles of bile acids signaling in neuromodulation under physiological and pathological conditions. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:106. [PMID: 37308953 PMCID: PMC10258966 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are important physiological molecules not only mediating nutrients absorption and metabolism in peripheral tissues, but exerting neuromodulation effect in the central nerve system (CNS). The catabolism of cholesterol to BA occurs predominantly in the liver by the classical and alternative pathways, or in the brain initiated by the neuronal-specific enzyme CYP46A1 mediated pathway. Circulating BA could cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reach the CNS through passive diffusion or BA transporters. Brain BA might trigger direct signal through activating membrane and nucleus receptors or affecting activation of neurotransmitter receptors. Peripheral BA may also provide the indirect signal to the CNS via farnesoid X receptor (FXR) dependent fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19) pathway or takeda G protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) dependent glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pathway. Under pathological conditions, alterations in BA metabolites have been discovered as potential pathogenic contributors in multiple neurological disorders. Attractively, hydrophilic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), especially tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) can exert neuroprotective roles by attenuating neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum stress, which provides promising therapeutic effects for treatment of neurological diseases. This review summarizes recent findings highlighting the metabolism, crosstalk between brain and periphery, and neurological functions of BA to elucidate the important role of BA signaling in the brain under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xing
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Dengjun Yu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Shaojun Hou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
- Anhui Medical University, Heifei, 230032, China
| | - Haoran Cui
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lung Song
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Anhui Medical University, Heifei, 230032, China.
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222
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Leung H, Xiong L, Ni Y, Busch A, Bauer M, Press AT, Panagiotou G. Impaired flux of bile acids from the liver to the gut reveals microbiome-immune interactions associated with liver damage. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 37286586 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is evidence that alteration in the gut ecosystem contributes to the development of liver diseases, however, the complex mechanisms involved are still unclear. We induced cholestasis in mice by bile duct ligation (BDL), mirroring the phenotype of a bile duct obstruction, to understand how gut microbiota alterations caused by an impaired flow of bile acid to the gut contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of liver disease. We performed longitudinal stool, heart, and liver sampling using mice receiving BDL and controls receiving sham operation (ShamOP). Shotgun metagenomics profiling using fecal samples taken before and on day 1, day 3, and day 7 after surgery was performed, and the cytokines and clinical chemistry profiles from heart blood, as well as the liver bile acids profile, were measured. The BDL surgery reshaped the microbiome of mice, resulting in highly distinct characteristics compared to the ShamOP. Our analysis of the microbiome pathways and ECs revealed that BDL reduces the production of hepatoprotective compounds in the gut, such as biotin, spermidine, arginine, and ornithine, which were negatively associated with inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-23, MCP-1). The reduction of the functional potential of the gut microbiota in producing those hepatoprotective compounds is associated with the decrease of beneficial bacteria species from Anaerotruncus, Blautia, Eubacterium, and Lachnoclostridium genera, as well as the increase of disease-associated bacteria e.g., Escherichia coli and Entercoccus faecalis. Our findings advances our knowledge of the gut microbiome-bile acids-liver triangle, which may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howell Leung
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ling Xiong
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena, Germany
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Busch
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Theoretical Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena, Germany.
- Friedrich Schiller University, Medical Faculty, Jena, Germany.
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jena, Germany.
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Wei M, Cao WB, Zhao RD, Sun DP, Liang YZ, Huang YD, Cheng ZW, Ouyang J, Yang WS, Yu WB. Fibroblast growth factor 15, induced by elevated bile acids, mediates the improvement of hepatic glucose metabolism after sleeve gastrectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3280-3291. [PMID: 37377582 PMCID: PMC10292143 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i21.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19, which is expressed in and secreted from the distal ileum, can regulate hepatic glucose metabolism in an endocrine manner. The levels of both bile acids (BAs) and FGF15/19 are elevated after bariatric surgery. However, it is unclear whether the increase in FGF15/19 is induced by BAs. Moreover, it remains to be understood whether FGF15/19 elevations contribute to improvements in hepatic glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery.
AIM To investigate the mechanism of improvement of hepatic glucose metabolism by elevated BAs after sleeve gastrectomy (SG).
METHODS By calculating and comparing the changes of body weight after SG with SHAM group, we examined the weight-loss effect of SG. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) test and area under the curve of OGTT curves were used to assess the anti-diabetic effects of SG. By detecting the glycogen content, expression and activity of glycogen synthase as well as the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck), we evaluated the hepatic glycogen content and gluconeogenesis activity. We examined the levels of total BA (TBA) together with the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-agonistic BA subspecies in systemic serum and portal vein at week 12 post-surgery. Then the histological expression of ileal FXR and FGF15 and hepatic FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) with its corresponding signal pathways involved in glucose metabolism were detected.
RESULTS After surgery, food intake and body weight gain of SG group was decreased compare with the SHAM group. The hepatic glycogen content and glycogen synthase activity was significantly stimulated after SG, while the expression of the key enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis: G6Pase and Pepck, were depressed. TBA levels in serum and portal vein were both elevated after SG, the FXR-agonistic BA subspecies: Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA) in serum and CDCA, DCA, LCA in portal vein were all higher in SG group than that in SHAM group. Consequently, the ileal expression of FXR and FGF15 were also advanced in SG group. Moreover, the hepatic expression of FGFR4 was stimulated in SG-operated rats. As a result, the activity of its corresponding pathway for glycogen synthesis: FGFR4-Ras-extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway was stimulated, while the corresponding pathway for hepatic gluconeogenesis: FGFR4- cAMP regulatory element-binding protein- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α pathway was suppressed.
CONCLUSION Elevated BAs after SG induced FGF15 expression in distal ileum by activating their receptor FXR. Furthermore, the promoted FGF15 partly mediated the improving effects on hepatic glucose metabolism of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ru-Dong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan-Ping Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Ze Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Di Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ze-Wei Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Mohammed AD, Ball RAW, Kubinak JL. The interplay between bile acids and mucosal adaptive immunity. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011356. [PMID: 37347728 PMCID: PMC10286976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dawood Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. W. Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Kubinak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
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Carson MD, Warner AJ, Geiser VL, Hathaway-Schrader JD, Alekseyenko AV, Marshall J, Westwater C, Novince CM. Prolonged Antibiotic Exposure during Adolescence Dysregulates Liver Metabolism and Promotes Adiposity in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:796-812. [PMID: 36906264 PMCID: PMC10284030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic administration during early life has been shown to have lasting effects on the gut microbiota, which have been linked to sustained alterations in liver metabolism and adiposity. Recent investigations have discerned that the gut microbiota continues to develop toward an adult-like profile during adolescence. However, the impact of antibiotic exposure during adolescence on metabolism and adiposity is unclear. Herein, a retrospective analysis of Medicaid claims data was performed, which indicated that tetracycline class antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the systemic treatment of adolescent acne. The purpose of this was to discern the impact of a prolonged tetracycline antibiotic exposure during adolescence on the gut microbiota, liver metabolism, and adiposity. Male C57BL/6T specific pathogen-free mice were administered a tetracycline antibiotic during the pubertal/postpubertal adolescent growth phase. Groups were euthanized at different time points to assess immediate and sustained antibiotic treatment effects. Antibiotic exposure during adolescence caused lasting genera-level shifts in the intestinal bacteriome and persistent dysregulation of metabolic pathways in the liver. Dysregulated hepatic metabolism was linked to sustained disruption of the intestinal farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 axis, a gut-liver endocrine axis that supports metabolic homeostasis. Antibiotic exposure during adolescence increased subcutaneous, visceral, and marrow adiposity, which intriguingly manifested following antibiotic therapy. This preclinical work highlights that prolonged antibiotic courses for the clinical treatment of adolescent acne may have unintended deleterious effects on liver metabolism and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy J Warner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vincenza L Geiser
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Biomedical Informatics Center, Program for Human Microbiome Research, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Julie Marshall
- Division of Population Oral Health, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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226
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Fogelson KA, Dorrestein PC, Zarrinpar A, Knight R. The Gut Microbial Bile Acid Modulation and Its Relevance to Digestive Health and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:1069-1085. [PMID: 36841488 PMCID: PMC10205675 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has been linked to numerous digestive disorders, but its metabolic products have been much less well characterized, in part due to the expense of untargeted metabolomics and lack of ability to process the data. In this review, we focused on the rapidly expanding information about the bile acid repertoire produced by the gut microbiome, including the impacts of bile acids on a wide range of host physiological processes and diseases, and discussed the role of short-chain fatty acids and other important gut microbiome-derived metabolites. Of particular note is the action of gut microbiome-derived metabolites throughout the body, which impact processes ranging from obesity to aging to disorders traditionally thought of as diseases of the nervous system, but that are now recognized as being strongly influenced by the gut microbiome and the metabolites it produces. We also highlighted the emerging role for modifying the gut microbiome to improve health or to treat disease, including the "engineered native bacteria'' approach that takes bacterial strains from a patient, modifies them to alter metabolism, and reintroduces them. Taken together, study of the metabolites derived from the gut microbiome provided insights into a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes, and has substantial potential for new approaches to diagnostics and therapeutics of disease of, or involving, the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Fogelson
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Jennifer Moreno Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
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227
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Gao B, Chen L, Xu W, Shan J, Shen W, Gao N. Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites in C57BL/6J Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:707. [PMID: 37367865 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) represents an increasing public health concern due to its persistence in the environment and its toxic effects. The gut microbiota is known to produce various metabolites that assist the host to maintain metabolic homeostasis. However, few studies have explored the effects of PFOA on gut-microbiota-related metabolites. In the present study, male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 1 ppm of PFOA in drinking water for four weeks and integrative analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome was performed to reveal the health effects of PFOA. Our results showed that PFOA disturbed both the gut microbiota composition and the metabolic profiles of the feces, serum, and liver in mice. A correlation was found between Lachnospiraceae UCG004, Turicibacter, Ruminococcaceae, and different fecal metabolites. Significant alterations of gut-microbiota-related metabolites were induced by PFOA exposure, including bile acids and tryptophan metabolites such as 3-indoleacrylic acid and 3-indoleacetic acid. The findings of this study are helpful to improve the understanding of the health effects of PFOA, which might be mediated through the gut microbiota and its related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Weichen Xu
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weishou Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative In-novation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Institute of Soil Health and Climate-Smart Agriculture, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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228
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Sun X, Chen Z, Yu L, Zeng W, Sun B, Fan H, Bai Y. Bacteroides dorei BDX-01 alleviates DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice by regulating intestinal bile salt hydrolase activity and the FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205323. [PMID: 37292154 PMCID: PMC10244678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationships among intestinal dysbiosis, bile acid (BA) metabolism disorders, and ulcerative colitis pathogenesis are now recognized. However, how specific strains regulate BA metabolism to alleviate colitis is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of Bacteroides dorei on the development of acute colitis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The safety of BDX-01 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice, Caco-2, and J774A.1 cells were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of BDX-01. qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of inflammatory pathways. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Enzyme activity analysis and targeted metabolomics were used to analyze fecal bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and BA levels. Antibiotic-induced pseudo-germ-free mice were used to investigate the role of gut microbiota in the alleviation of colitis by BDX-01. Results: We confirmed the safety of novel strain Bacteroides dorei BDX-01 in vitro and in vivo. Oral BDX-01 administration significantly ameliorated the symptoms and pathological damage of DSS-induced acute colitis. Moreoever, 16S rRNA sequencing and enzyme activity analysis showed that BDX-01 treatment increased intestinal BSH activity and the abundance of bacteria harboring this enzyme. Targeted metabolomics revealed that BDX-01 significantly increased intestinal BA excretion and deconjugation. Certain BAs act as FXR agonists. The β-muricholic acid (βMCA): taurine β-muricholic acid (T-βMCA) and cholic acid (CA): taurocholic acid (TCA) ratios and the deoxycholic acid (DCA) level decreased markedly in the colitis models but increased substantially in BDX-01-treated mice. The colonic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) were upregulated in mice treated with BDX-01. BDX-01 downregulated the expression of colonic proinflammatory cytokines pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β. Antibiotic treatment didn't abolish the protective effect of BDX-01 on colitis. In vitro studies showed TβMCA abolished the effects of BDX-01 on FXR activation and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conclusion: BDX-01 improved DSS-induced acute colitis by regulating intestinal BSH activity and the FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that BDX-01 is a promising probiotic to improve the management of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyuan Sun
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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229
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Wei S, He T, Zhao X, Jing M, Li H, Chen L, Zheng R, Zhao Y. Alterations in the gut microbiota and serum metabolomics of spontaneous cholestasis caused by loss of FXR signal in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1197847. [PMID: 37284301 PMCID: PMC10239812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1197847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a key metabolic target of bile acids (BAs) and is also a target for drugs against several liver diseases. However, the contribution of FXR in the pathogenesis of cholestasis is still not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive insight into the metabolic properties of FXR-involved cholestasis in mice. Materials and methods: In this study, an alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis mouse model and FXR-/- mice were established to investigate the effect of FXR on cholestasis. The effect of FXR on liver and ileal pathology was evaluated. Simultaneously, Untargeted metabolomics combined with 16s rRNA gene sequencing analysis was applied to reveal the involvement of FXR in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. Results: The results showed that ANIT (75 mg/kg) induced marked cholestasis in WT and FXR -/- mice. It is noteworthy that FXR-/- mice developed spontaneous cholestasis. Compared with WT mice, significant liver and ileal tissue damage were found. In addition, 16s rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed gut microbiota dysbiosis in FXR-/- mice and ANIT-induced cholestasis mice. Differential biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of cholestasis caused by FXR knockout were screened using untargeted metabolomics. Notably, Lactobacillus_ johnsonii_FI9785 has a high correlation with the differential biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis and progression of cholestasis caused by FXR knockout. Conclusion: Our results implied that the disorder of the intestinal flora caused by FXR knockout can also interfere with the metabolism. This study provides novel insights into the FXR-related mechanisms of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting He
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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230
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Meier KHU, Trouillon J, Li H, Lang M, Fuhrer T, Zamboni N, Sunagawa S, Macpherson AJ, Sauer U. Metabolic landscape of the male mouse gut identifies different niches determined by microbial activities. Nat Metab 2023:10.1038/s42255-023-00802-1. [PMID: 37217759 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Distinct niches of the mammalian gut are populated by diverse microbiota, but the contribution of spatial variation to intestinal metabolism remains unclear. Here we present a map of the longitudinal metabolome along the gut of healthy colonized and germ-free male mice. With this map, we reveal a general shift from amino acids in the small intestine to organic acids, vitamins and nucleotides in the large intestine. We compare the metabolic landscapes in colonized versus germ-free mice to disentangle the origin of many metabolites in different niches, which in some cases allows us to infer the underlying processes or identify the producing species. Beyond the known impact of diet on the small intestinal metabolic niche, distinct spatial patterns suggest specific microbial influence on the metabolome in the small intestine. Thus, we present a map of intestinal metabolism and identify metabolite-microbe associations, which provide a basis to connect the spatial occurrence of bioactive compounds to host or microorganism metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H U Meier
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Trouillon
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hai Li
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Lang
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Fuhrer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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231
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Shi Q, Yuan X, Zeng Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xue C, Li L. Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids in Cholestatic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102411. [PMID: 37242293 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the complex interactions between gut microbiota and bile acids, which are crucial end products of cholesterol metabolism. Cholestatic liver disease is characterized by dysfunction of bile production, secretion, and excretion, as well as excessive accumulation of potentially toxic bile acids. Given the importance of bile acid homeostasis, the complex mechanism of the bile acid-microbial network in cholestatic liver disease requires a thorough understanding. It is urgent to summarize the recent research progress in this field. In this review, we highlight how gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism, how bile acid pool shapes the bacterial community, and how their interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease. These advances might provide a novel perspective for the development of potential therapeutic strategies that target the bile acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Bao Z, Wei R, Zheng X, Zhang T, Bi Y, Shen S, Zou P, Zhang J, Yan H, Li MD, Yang Z, Gao H. Landscapes of gut microbiome and bile acid signatures and their interaction in HBV-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1185993. [PMID: 37275140 PMCID: PMC10233926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1185993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Submassive hepatic necrosis (SMHN, defined as necrosis of 15-90% of the entire liver on explant) is a likely characteristic pathological feature of ACLF in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. We aimed to comprehensively explore microbiome and bile acids patterns across enterhepatic circulation and build well-performing machine learning models to predict SMHN status. Methods Based on the presence or absence of SMHN, 17 patients with HBV-related end-stage liver disease who received liver transplantation were eligible for inclusion. Serum, portal venous blood, and stool samples were collected for comparing differences of BA spectra and gut microbiome and their interactions. We adopted the random forest algorithm with recursive feature elimination (RF-RFE) to predict SMHN status. Results By comparing total BA spectrum between SMHN (-) and SMHN (+) patients, significant changes were detected only in fecal (P = 0.015). Compared with the SMHN (+) group, the SMHN (-) group showed that UDCA, 7-KLCA, 3-DHCA, 7-KDCA, ISOLCA and α-MCA in feces, r-MCA, 7-KLCA and 7-KDCA in serum, γ-MCA and 7-KLCA in portal vein were enriched, and TUDCA in feces was depleted. PCoA analysis showed significantly distinct overall microbial composition in two groups (P = 0.026). Co-abundance analysis showed that bacterial species formed strong and broad relationships with BAs. Among them, Parabacteroides distasonis had the highest node degree. We further identified a combinatorial marker panel with a high AUC of 0.92. Discussion Our study demonstrated the changes and interactions of intestinal microbiome and BAs during enterohepatic circulation in ACLF patients with SMHN. In addition, we identified a combinatorial marker panel as non-invasive biomarkers to distinguish the SMHN status with high AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ShuLan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ShuLan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunjiao Bi
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ShuLan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huadong Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ShuLan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming D. Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hainv Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ShuLan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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233
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Gu M, Yin W, Zhang J, Yin J, Tang X, Ling J, Tang Z, Yin W, Wang X, Ni Q, Zhu Y, Chen T. Role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mucins of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119992. [PMID: 37265504 PMCID: PMC10229905 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden, accounting for approximately 10% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the crosstalk between the host mucins and gut microbiota is associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. Mucins secreted by goblet cells not only protect the intestinal epithelium from microorganisms and invading pathogens but also provide a habitat for commensal bacteria. Conversely, gut dysbiosis results in the dysfunction of mucins, allowing other commensals and their metabolites to pass through the intestinal epithelium, potentially triggering host responses and the subsequent progression of CRC. In this review, we summarize how gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites regulate the function and expression of mucin in CRC and novel treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangjun Wang
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Qing Ni
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Yunxiang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Tuo Chen
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
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234
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Wang LW, Ruan H, Wang BM, Qin Y, Zhong WL. Microbiota regulation in constipation and colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:776-786. [PMID: 37275451 PMCID: PMC10237018 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of constipation to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently a controversial issue. Studies have shown that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, a condition known as ecological imbalance, are correlated with an increasing number of common human diseases, including CRC and constipation. CRC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and constipation has been receiving widespread attention as a risk factor for CRC. Early colonoscopy screening of constipated patients, with regular follow-ups and timely intervention, can help detect early intestinal lesions and reduce the risks of developing colorectal polyps and CRC. As an important regulator of the intestinal microenvironment, the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the onset and progression of CRC. An increasing amount of evidence supports the thought that gut microbial composition and function are key determinants of CRC development and progression, with alterations inducing changes in the expression of host genes, metabolic regulation, and local and systemic immunological responses. Furthermore, constipation greatly affects the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn influences the susceptibility to intestinal diseases such as CRC. However, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota, constipation, and CRC is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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235
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Hasan MN, Chen J, Wang H, Du Y, Clayton YD, Gu L, Li T. Glycine-β-Muricholic Acid Improves Liver Fibrosis and Gut Barrier Function by Reducing Bile Acid Pool Size and Hydrophobicity in Male Cyp2c70 Knockout Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1371. [PMID: 37408204 PMCID: PMC10216635 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyp2c70 knockout mice lack the enzyme that produces muricholic acids and show a "human-like" hydrophobic bile acid pool-induced hepatobiliary injury. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-cholestasis effect of glycine-conjugated β muricholic acid (G-β-MCA) in male Cyp2c70 KO mice based on its hydrophilic physiochemical property and signaling property as an farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist. Our results showed that G-β-MCA treatment for 5 weeks alleviated ductular reaction and liver fibrosis and improved gut barrier function. Analysis of bile acid metabolism suggested that exogenously administered G-β-MCA was poorly absorbed in the small intestine and mostly deconjugated in the large intestine and converted to taurine-conjugated MCA (T-MCA) in the liver, leading to T-MCA enrichment in the bile and small intestine. These changes decreased the biliary and intestine bile acid hydrophobicity index. Furthermore, G-β-MCA treatment decreased intestine bile acid absorption via unknown mechanisms, resulting in increased fecal bile acid excretion and a reduction in total bile acid pool size. In conclusion, G-β-MCA treatment reduces the bile acid pool size and hydrophobicity and improves liver fibrosis and gut barrier function in Cyp2c70 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazmul Hasan
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Huaiwen Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yung Dai Clayton
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijie Gu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Yadegar A, Pakpoor S, Ibrahim FF, Nabavi-Rad A, Cook L, Walter J, Seekatz AM, Wong K, Monaghan TM, Kao D. Beneficial effects of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:695-711. [PMID: 37167952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is highly effective in preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). However, the mechanisms underpinning its clinical efficacy are incompletely understood. Herein, we provide an overview of rCDI pathogenesis followed by a discussion of potential mechanisms of action focusing on the current understanding of trans-kingdom microbial, metabolic, immunological, and epigenetic mechanisms. We then outline the current research gaps and offer methodological recommendations for future studies to elevate the quality of research and advance knowledge translation. By combining interventional trials with multiomics technology and host and environmental factors, analyzing longitudinally collected biospecimens will generate results that can be validated with animal and other models. Collectively, this will confirm causality and improve translation, ultimately to develop targeted therapies to replace FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Pakpoor
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Fathima F Ibrahim
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laura Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jens Walter
- School of Microbiology, Department of Medicine and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna M Seekatz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Karen Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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237
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Yang C, Yang L, Yang Y, Wan M, Xu D, Pan D, Sun G. Effects of flaxseed powder in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver by regulating gut microbiota-bile acids metabolic pathway through FXR/TGR5 mediating. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114864. [PMID: 37167728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is gradually becoming one of the most common and health-endangering diseases. Flaxseed powder (FLA) is rich in α-linolenic acid, dietary fiber, lignans, and other active ingredients, which have lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated whether the FLA improves host metabolism by gut bacteria modulation and further bile acid modulation in mice fed a high-fat diet. At the end of the experiment, we found that FLA can significantly reduce the body weight, body fat content, and serum TG, LDL-C, and TNF-α levels of mice, and improve liver steatosis. FLA intervention has a significant effect on preventing and regulating the gut flora disturbance caused by HFD. FLA intervention affects bile acid metabolism in the intestine and causes significant changes in functional bile acids, which can play a lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory role by activating the intestinal Fxr- Fgfr4-Cyp7a1 and Tgr5-Tlr4-Tnfα pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yafang Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Min Wan
- Rongxiang Community Health Service Center, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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238
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Wu J, Yang K, Fan H, Wei M, Xiong Q. Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1114424. [PMID: 37229456 PMCID: PMC10204722 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The incidence of T2DM is increasing globally, and a growing body of evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development of this disease. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine-N-oxide, tryptophan and indole derivatives, and short-chain fatty acids, have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM, playing a key role in the host-microbe crosstalk. This review aims to summarize the molecular links between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the pathogenesis of T2DM. Additionally, we review the potential therapy and treatments for T2DM using probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and other methods to modulate gut microbiota and its metabolites. Clinical trials investigating the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites have been critically discussed. This review highlights that targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hancheng Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meilin Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, China
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239
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide a concise update on recent advances in understanding of the bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and diseases. RECENT FINDINGS CYP2C70 has been identified as the murine cytochrome p450 enzyme that mediates the synthesis of muricholic acids to account for the major different bile acid composition between human and mice. Several studies have linked nutrient sensing bile acid signaling to the regulation of hepatic autophagy-lysosome activity, an integral pathway of the cellular adaptive response to starvation. Distinct bile acid-mediated signaling mechanisms have been shown to contribute to the complex metabolic changes post bariatric surgery, suggesting that pharmacological manipulation of the enterohepatic bile acid signaling could be a potential nonsurgical alternative to weight loss surgery. SUMMARY Basic and clinical studies have continued to discover novel roles of the enterohepatic bile acid signaling in regulation of key metabolic pathways. Such knowledge forms the molecular basis needed for developing safe and effective bile acid-based therapeutics for treating metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Li
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - John Y L Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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240
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Wang S, Xu C, Liu H, Wei W, Zhou X, Qian H, Zhou L, Zhang H, Wu L, Zhu C, Yang Y, He L, Li K. Connecting the Gut Microbiota and Neurodegenerative Diseases: the Role of Bile Acids. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03340-9. [PMID: 37121952 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With the acceleration of global population aging, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) will become the second leading cause of death in the world, which seriously threatens human life and health. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common and typical NDs. The exact mechanisms of the NDs occurrence and development remain unclear, which may be related to immune, oxidative stress, and abnormal aggregation of pathogenic proteins. Studies have suggested that gut microbiota (GM) influences brain function and plays an important role in regulating emotional and cognitive function. Recently, bile acids (BAs) have become the "star molecule" in the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis research. BAs have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities in NDs. However, the role of BAs in the connection between GM and the central nervous system (CNS) is still unclear. In this review, we will review the possible mechanisms of BAs between GM and NDs and explore the function of BAs to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of NDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixu Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chongchong Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Mental Health Center affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Haipeng Qian
- Department of Nursing, AnHui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Mental Health Center affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Mental Health Center affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li Wu
- The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Mental Health Center affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Physical Education, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Computer Science and Technology of Department of Science and Engineering, Shiyuan College of Nanninng Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Lin He
- The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Mental Health Center affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Kuan Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Minowa K, Rodriguez-Agudo D, Suzuki M, Muto Y, Hirai S, Wang Y, Su L, Zhou H, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Mitamura K, Ikegawa S, Takei H, Nittono H, Fuchs M, Pandak WM, Kakiyama G. Insulin dysregulation drives mitochondrial cholesterol metabolite accumulation: initiating hepatic toxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100363. [PMID: 36966904 PMCID: PMC10182330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP7B1 catalyzes mitochondria-derived cholesterol metabolites such as (25R)26-hydroxycholesterol (26HC) and 3β-hydroxy-5-cholesten-(25R)26-oic acid (3βHCA) and facilitates their conversion to bile acids. Disruption of 26HC/3βHCA metabolism in the absence of CYP7B1 leads to neonatal liver failure. Disrupted 26HC/3βHCA metabolism with reduced hepatic CYP7B1 expression is also found in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The current study aimed to understand the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial cholesterol metabolites and their contribution to onset of NASH. We used Cyp7b1-/- mice fed a normal diet (ND), Western diet (WD), or high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Serum and liver cholesterol metabolites as well as hepatic gene expressions were comprehensively analyzed. Interestingly, 26HC/3βHCA levels were maintained at basal levels in ND-fed Cyp7b1-/- mice livers by the reduced cholesterol transport to mitochondria, and the upregulated glucuronidation and sulfation. However, WD-fed Cyp7b1-/- mice developed insulin resistance (IR) with subsequent 26HC/3βHCA accumulation due to overwhelmed glucuronidation/sulfation with facilitated mitochondrial cholesterol transport. Meanwhile, Cyp7b1-/- mice fed an HCD did not develop IR or subsequent evidence of liver toxicity. HCD-fed mice livers revealed marked cholesterol accumulation but no 26HC/3βHCA accumulation. The results suggest 26HC/3βHCA-induced cytotoxicity occurs when increased cholesterol transport into mitochondria is coupled to decreased 26HC/3βHCA metabolism driven with IR. Supportive evidence for cholesterol metabolite-driven hepatotoxicity is provided in a diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver mouse model and by human specimen analyses. This study uncovers an insulin-mediated regulatory pathway that drives the formation and accumulation of toxic cholesterol metabolites within the hepatocyte mitochondria, mechanistically connecting IR to cholesterol metabolite-induced hepatocyte toxicity which drives nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Minowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Rodriguez-Agudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yamato Muto
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeko Hirai
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lianyong Su
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kuniko Mitamura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ikegawa
- Division of Research and Development, Genmaikoso Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Michael Fuchs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - William M Pandak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Xiang M, Qian X, Han L, Wang H, Wang J, Liu W, Gu Y, Yao S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Zhang Z. Aquaporin-8 ameliorates hepatic steatosis through farnesoid X receptor in obese mice. iScience 2023; 26:106561. [PMID: 37123234 PMCID: PMC10130924 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-8(AQP8), is a transmembrane channel protein that abounds in liver, which mainly promotes water transport, modulating bile acid formation. However, its role in hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we found the expression of AQP8 was reduced in liver specimens of patients with NAFLD, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice and genetically obese db/db mice. Knockdown of AQP8 in hepatocytes exacerbated the intracellular lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acid (FFA) mixtures. In contrast, hepatic AQP8 overexpression activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR), inhibiting gene expression associated with lipogenesis, which further reduced intrahepatic triglyceride overload in obese mice. FXR knockout abrogated the ameliorating effect of AQP8 overexpression on NAFLD in mice. These findings indicate that AQP8 overexpression protects against fatty liver through activating the FXR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Xiang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyu Han
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiren Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen C, Liu L, Zhong Y, Wang M, Ai Y, Hou Y, Chen H, Lin X, Zhang Y, Ding M, Luo T, Li J, Li X, Xiao X. Gut microbiota-bile acids-glucagon like peptide-1 axis contributes the resistance to high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109358. [PMID: 37085058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
In human and rodents, some individuals may remain lean even when they are challenged with high calorie intake. The underlying mechanism for resistance to diet-induced obesity was poorly understood. Here, we used C57BL/6J mice to establish animal models of high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity sensitive (DIO) mice and obesity resistant (DIR) mice. We then investigated the role of gut microbiota, bile acids (BAs) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in the development of DIR. Reduced fat accumulation, increased glucose tolerance and energy expenditure through BAT activation were observed in DIR mice. The plasma BAs of DIR mice especially the unconjugated BAs were significantly decreased, while intestine tauro-conjugated bile acids (T-CA, T-β-MCA, T-ω-MCA and T-UDCA) were significantly increased in DIR mice. The composition of the gut flora also changed drastically, and negative correlation was found between metabolic profiles (plasma TG, TC, LDL and body weight) and the abundance of Ruminiclostridium in DIR mice, while genus Anaerotruncus abundance in DOR mice was found to be positively correlated. After fecal microbiota transplants, HFD fed recipient mice exhibited a trend toward reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance, while showing increased serum tauro-conjugated BAs levels. STC-1 cell experiments confirmed tauro-conjugated BA (T-β-MCA) activated FXR/TGR5 pathway and induced the production of GLP-1, inhibiting genes that regulate the ceramide synthesis. Our results indicated that the DIR mice exhibited higher energy expenditure by activating BAT thermogenesis, which may be related altered gut microbiota-bile acids-glucagon like peptide-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Miaoran Wang
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanbiao Ai
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Hou
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Experimental Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunqi Zhang
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Ding
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xinyu Li
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Yntema T, Koonen DPY, Kuipers F. Emerging Roles of Gut Microbial Modulation of Bile Acid Composition in the Etiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081850. [PMID: 37111068 PMCID: PMC10141989 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in preventive measures and treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death globally. Recent research has challenged the traditional risk factor profile and highlights the potential contribution of non-traditional factors in CVD, such as the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Disturbances in the gut microbiota have been repeatedly associated with CVD, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Mechanistic studies support a causal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in disease development, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and bile acids, with the latter being elaborately discussed in this review. Bile acids represent a class of cholesterol derivatives that is essential for intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, plays an important role in cholesterol turnover and, as more recently discovered, acts as a group of signaling molecules that exerts hormonal functions throughout the body. Studies have shown mediating roles of bile acids in the control of lipid metabolism, immunity, and heart function. Consequently, a picture has emerged of bile acids acting as integrators and modulators of cardiometabolic pathways, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in CVD. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism found in CVD patients, describe the molecular mechanisms through which bile acids may modulate CVD risk, and discuss potential bile-acid-based treatment strategies in relation to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Yntema
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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245
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Pelantová H, Tomášová P, Šedivá B, Neprašová B, Mráziková L, Kuneš J, Železná B, Maletínská L, Kuzma M. Metabolomic Study of Aging in fa/ fa Rats: Multiplatform Urine and Serum Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040552. [PMID: 37110210 PMCID: PMC10142631 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats represent a well-established and widely used model of genetic obesity. Because previous metabolomic studies have only been published for young fa/fa rats up to 20 weeks of age, which can be considered early maturity in male fa/fa rats, the aim of our work was to extend the metabolomic characterization to significantly older animals. Therefore, the urinary profiles of obese fa/fa rats and their lean controls were monitored using untargeted NMR metabolomics between 12 and 40 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment, the rats were also characterized by NMR and LC-MS serum analysis, which was supplemented by a targeted LC-MS analysis of serum bile acids and neurotransmitters. The urine analysis showed that most of the characteristic differences detected in young obese fa/fa rats persisted throughout the experiment, primarily through a decrease in microbial co-metabolite levels, the upregulation of the citrate cycle, and changes in nicotinamide metabolism compared with the age-related controls. The serum of 40-week-old obese rats showed a reduction in several bile acid conjugates and an increase in serotonin. Our study demonstrated that the fa/fa model of genetic obesity is stable up to 40 weeks of age and is therefore suitable for long-term experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Tomášová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Šedivá
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Neprašová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Mráziková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Lubin JB, Green J, Maddux S, Denu L, Duranova T, Lanza M, Wynosky-Dolfi M, Flores JN, Grimes LP, Brodsky IE, Planet PJ, Silverman MA. Arresting microbiome development limits immune system maturation and resistance to infection in mice. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:554-570.e7. [PMID: 36996818 PMCID: PMC10935632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions to the intestinal microbiome during weaning lead to negative effects on host immune function. However, the critical host-microbe interactions during weaning that are required for immune system development remain poorly understood. We find that restricting microbiome maturation during weaning stunts immune system development and increases susceptibility to enteric infection. We developed a gnotobiotic mouse model of the early-life microbiome Pediatric Community (PedsCom). These mice develop fewer peripheral regulatory T cells and less IgA, hallmarks of microbiota-driven immune system development. Furthermore, adult PedsCom mice retain high susceptibility to Salmonella infection, which is characteristic of young mice and children. Altogether, our work illustrates how the post-weaning transition in microbiome composition contributes to normal immune maturation and protection from infection. Accurate modeling of the pre-weaning microbiome provides a window into the microbial requirements for healthy development and suggests an opportunity to design microbial interventions at weaning to improve immune development in human infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bernard Lubin
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jamal Green
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Maddux
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lidiya Denu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tereza Duranova
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Lanza
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Julia N Flores
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Logan P Grimes
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Igor E Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, IFI, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul J Planet
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Michael A Silverman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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247
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Li M, Zhang Z, Yu B, Jia S, Cui B. Lycium barbarum Oligosaccharides Alleviate Hepatic Steatosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081617. [PMID: 37107413 PMCID: PMC10138177 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFD) can promote the development of hepatic steatosis by altering the structure and composition of gut flora. In this study, the potential therapeutic mechanism of Lycium barbarum oligosaccharide (LBO) against hepatic steatosis was investigated by analyzing the changes in the intestinal flora and metabolites in mice. Mice on an HFD were administered LBO by gavage once daily for a continuous period of eight weeks. Compared with the HFD group, the levels of triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum, and hepatic TG were significantly reduced in the LBO group, and liver lipid accumulation was obviously improved. In addition, LBO could regulate the HFD-induced alteration of intestinal flora. The HFD increased the proportion of Barnesiellaceae, Barnesiella, and CHKCI001. LBO increased the proportion of Dubosiella, Eubacterium, and Lactobacillus. LBO also altered the fecal metabolic profile. Significantly different metabolites between LBO and the HFD, such as taurochenodeoxycholate, taurocholate, fluvastatin, and kynurenic acid, were related to the cholesterol metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolic pathways. In light of the above, LBO can alleviate HFD-induced NAFLD by modulating the components of the intestinal flora and fecal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Siqiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
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248
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Liao XX, Hu K, Xie XH, Wen YL, Wang R, Hu ZW, Zhou YL, Li JJ, Wu MK, Yu JX, Chen JW, Ren P, Wu XY, Zhou JJ. Banxia Xiexin decoction alleviates AS co-depression disease by regulating the gut microbiome-lipid metabolic axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116468. [PMID: 37044233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD) is a classic Chinese herbal formulation consisting of 7 herbs including Pinelliae Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, and Jujubae Fructus, which can exert effects on lowering lipids and alleviating depressive mood disorders via affecting gastrointestinal tract. AIM OF THE STUDY The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS) co-depression disease has not been well studied, and the current clinical treatment strategies are not satisfactory. As a result, it is critical to find novel methods of treatment. Based on the hypothesis that the gut microbiome may promote the development of AS co-depression disease by regulating host lipid metabolism, this study sought to evaluate the effectiveness and action mechanism of BXD in regulation of the gut microbiome via an intervention in AS co-depression mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the primary constituents of BXD, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis was carried out. Sixteen C56BL/6 mice were fed normal chow as a control group; 64 ApoE-/- mice were randomized into four groups (model group and three treatment groups) and fed high-fat chow combined with daily bind stimulation for sixteen weeks to develop the AS co-depression mouse model and were administered saline or low, medium or high concentrations of BXD during the experimental modeling period. The antidepressant efficacy of BXD was examined by weighing, a sucrose preference test, an open field test, and a tail suspension experiment. The effectiveness of BXD as an anti-AS treatment was evaluated by means of biochemical indices, the HE staining method, and the Oil red O staining method. The impacts of BXD on the gut microbiome structure and brain (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex tissue) lipids in mice with the AS co-depression model were examined by 16S rDNA sequencing combined with lipidomics analysis. RESULTS The main components of BXD include baicalin, berberine, ginsenoside Rb1, and 18 other substances. BXD could improve depression-like behavioral characteristics and AS-related indices in AS co-depression mice; BXD could regulate the abundance of some flora (phylum level: reduced abundance of Proteobacteria and Deferribacteres; genus level: reduced abundance of Clostridium_IV, Helicobacter, and Pseudoflavonifractor, Acetatifactor, Oscillibacter, which were significantly different). The lipidomics analysis showed that the differential lipids between the model and gavaged high-dose BXD (BXH) groups were enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC(20:3)(rep)(rep)) in the hippocampus and LPC(20:4)(rep) in the prefrontal cortex both showed downregulation in BXH. The correlation analysis illustrated that the screened differential lipids were mainly linked to Deferribacteres and Actinobacteria. CONCLUSION BXD may exert an anti-AS co-depression therapeutic effect by modulating the abundance of some flora and thus intervening in peripheral lipid and brain lipid metabolism (via downregulation of LPC levels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Liao
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - You-Liang Wen
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Zi-Wei Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Ming-Kun Wu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Singh TP, Kadyan S, Devi H, Park G, Nagpal R. Gut microbiome as a therapeutic target for liver diseases. Life Sci 2023; 322:121685. [PMID: 37044173 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of gut in regulating the physiology of different organs in a human body is increasingly acknowledged, to which the bidirectional communication between gut and liver is no exception. Liver health is modulated via different key components of gut-liver axis. The gut-derived products mainly generated from dietary components, microbial metabolites, toxins, or other antigens are sensed and transported to the liver through portal vein to which liver responds by secreting bile acids and antibodies. Therefore, maintaining a healthy gut microbiome can promote homeostasis of this gut-liver axis by regulating the intestinal barrier function and reducing the antigenic molecules. Conversely, liver secretions also regulate the gut microbiome composition. Disturbed homeostasis allows luminal antigens to reach liver leading to impaired liver functioning and instigating liver disorders. The perturbations in gut microbiome, permeability, and bile acid pool have been associated with several liver disorders, although precise mechanisms remain largely unresolved. Herein, we discuss functional fingerprints of a healthy gut-liver axis while contemplating mechanistic understanding of pathophysiology of liver diseases and plausible role of gut dysbiosis in different diseased states of liver. Further, novel therapeutic approaches to prevent the severity of liver disorders are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Pal Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Harisha Devi
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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Bragazzi MC, Venere R, Vignone A, Alvaro D, Cardinale V. Role of the Gut–Liver Axis in the Pathobiology of Cholangiopathies: Basic and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076660. [PMID: 37047635 PMCID: PMC10095354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The “Gut–Liver Axis” refers to the physiological bidirectional interplay between the gut and its microbiota and the liver which, in health, occurs thanks to a condition of immune tolerance. In recent years, several studies have shown that, in case of a change in gut bacterial homeostasis or impairment of intestinal barrier functions, cholangiocytes, which are the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts, activate innate immune responses against gut-derived microorganisms or bacterial products that reach the liver via enterohepatic circulation. Intestinal dysbiosis or impaired intestinal barrier functions cause cholangiocytes to be exposed to an increasing amount of microorganisms that can reactivate inflammatory responses, thus inducing the onset of liver fibrosis. The present review focuses on the role of the gut–liver axis in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Bragazzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Venere
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Anthony Vignone
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Roma, Italy
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