201
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Ali AAH, von Gall C. Adult Neurogenesis under Control of the Circadian System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050764. [PMID: 35269386 PMCID: PMC8909047 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian system is a hierarchically organized system, which controls a 24-h periodicity in a wide variety of body and brain functions and physiological processes. There is increasing evidence that the circadian system modulates the complex multistep process of adult neurogenesis, which is crucial for brain plasticity. This modulatory effect may be exercised via rhythmic systemic factors including neurotransmitters, hormones and neurotrophic factors as well as rhythmic behavior and physiology or via intrinsic factors within the neural progenitor cells such as the redox state and clock genes/molecular clockwork. In this review, we discuss the role of the circadian system for adult neurogenesis at both the systemic and the cellular levels. Better understanding of the role of the circadian system in modulation of adult neurogenesis can help develop new treatment strategies to improve the cognitive deterioration associated with chronodisruption due to detrimental light regimes or neurodegenerative diseases.
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202
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Tacad DKM, Tovar AP, Richardson CE, Horn WF, Keim NL, Krishnan GP, Krishnan S. Satiety Associated with Calorie Restriction and Time-Restricted Feeding: Central Neuroendocrine Integration. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:758-791. [PMID: 35134815 PMCID: PMC9156369 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on summarizing current knowledge on how time-restricted feeding (TRF) and continuous caloric restriction (CR) affect central neuroendocrine systems involved in regulating satiety. Several interconnected regions of the hypothalamus, brainstem, and cortical areas of the brain are involved in the regulation of satiety. Following CR and TRF, the increase in hunger and reduction in satiety signals of the melanocortin system [neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)] appear similar between CR and TRF protocols, as do the dopaminergic responses in the mesocorticolimbic circuit. However, ghrelin and leptin signaling via the melanocortin system appears to improve energy balance signals and reduce hyperphagia following TRF, which has not been reported in CR. In addition to satiety systems, CR and TRF also influence circadian rhythms. CR influences the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or the primary circadian clock as seen by increased clock gene expression. In contrast, TRF appears to affect both the SCN and the peripheral clocks, as seen by phasic changes in the non-SCN (potentially the elusive food entrainable oscillator) and metabolic clocks. The peripheral clocks are influenced by the primary circadian clock but are also entrained by food timing, sleep timing, and other lifestyle parameters, which can supersede the metabolic processes that are regulated by the primary circadian clock. Taken together, TRF influences hunger/satiety, energy balance systems, and circadian rhythms, suggesting a role for adherence to CR in the long run if implemented using the TRF approach. However, these suggestions are based on only a few studies, and future investigations that use standardized protocols for the evaluation of the effect of these diet patterns (time, duration, meal composition, sufficiently powered) are necessary to verify these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra K M Tacad
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA–Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ashley P Tovar
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William F Horn
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA–Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA–Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Giri P Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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203
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Kent BA, Rahman SA, St Hilaire MA, Grant LK, Rüger M, Czeisler CA, Lockley SW. Circadian lipid and hepatic protein rhythms shift with a phase response curve different than melatonin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:681. [PMID: 35115537 PMCID: PMC8814172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While studies suggest that light and feeding patterns can reset circadian rhythms in various metabolites, whether these shifts follow a predictable pattern is unknown. We describe the first phase response curves (PRC) for lipids and hepatic proteins in response to combined light and food stimuli. The timing of plasma rhythms was assessed by constant routine before and after exposure to a combined 6.5-hour blue light exposure and standard meal schedule, which was systematically varied by ~20° between individuals. We find that the rhythms shift according to a PRC, with generally greater shifts for lipids and liver proteins than for melatonin. PRC timing varies relative to the stimulus, with albumin and triglyceride PRCs peaking at a time similar to melatonin whereas the cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein PRCs are offset by ~12 h. These data have important implications for treating circadian misalignment in shiftworkers who consume meals and are exposed to light around the clock. A key property of circadian rhythms is that they can be reset in response to environmental time cues; this response is described by a Phase Response Curve (PRC). Here the authors describe PRCs for resetting circadian rhythms in lipids and hepatic proteins in response to combined light and food exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne A Kent
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa A St Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leilah K Grant
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Rüger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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204
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Kumar V, Sharma A, Tripathi V. Physiological effects of food availability times in higher vertebrates. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274142. [PMID: 35089336 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.239004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Food availability is a crucial ecological determinant of population size and community structure, and controls various life-history traits in most, if not all, species. Food availability is not constant; there are daily and seasonal differences in food abundance. When coupled to appetite (urge to eat), this is expressed as the eating schedule of a species. Food availability times affect daily and seasonal physiology and behaviour of organisms both directly (by affecting metabolic homeostasis) and indirectly (by altering synchronization of endogenous rhythms). Restricted food availability times may, for example, constrain reproductive output by limiting the number or quality of offspring or the number of reproductive attempts, as has been observed for nesting frequency in birds. Consuming food at the wrong time of day reduces the reproductive ability of a seasonal breeder, and can result in quality-quantity trade-offs of offspring. The food availability pattern serves as a conditioning environment, and can shape the activity of the genome by influencing chromatin activation/silencing; however, the functional linkage of food availability times with epigenetic control of physiology is only beginning to emerge. This Review gives insights into how food availability times, affected by changes in eating schedules and/or by alterations in feeding environment or lifestyle, could have hitherto unknown consequences on the physiology and reproductive fitness of seasonally breeding vertebrates and those that reproduce year round.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Aakansha Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vatsala Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110003, India
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205
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Cantoni C, Dorsett Y, Fontana L, Zhou Y, Piccio L. Effects of dietary restriction on gut microbiota and CNS autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108575. [PMID: 32822833 PMCID: PMC7889763 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. It is due to the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Current opinion is that diet could play a pathogenic role in disease onset and development. Dietary restriction (DR) without malnutrition markedly improves health and increases lifespan in multiple model organisms. DR regimens that utilize continuous or intermittent food restriction can induce anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory and neuroendocrine adaptations promoting health. These adaptations exert neuroprotective effects in the main MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This review summarizes the current knowledge on DR-induced changes in gut microbial composition and metabolite production and its impact on underlying functional mechanisms. Studies demonstrating the protective effects of DR regimens on EAE and people with MS are also presented. This is a rapidly developing research field with important clinical implications for personalized dietary interventions in MS prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,Corresponding author: Laura Piccio, MD PhD, 1) Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia, , 2) Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Campus Box 8111; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110; USA, Phone: (314) 747-4591; Fax: (314) 747-1345;
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206
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Gioia SC, Guirette M, Chen A, Tucker C, Gray BE, Vetter C, Garaulet M, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R, Dashti HS. How Accurately Can We Recall the Timing of Food Intake? A Comparison of Food Times from Recall-Based Survey Questions and Daily Food Records. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac002. [PMID: 35198846 PMCID: PMC8856939 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There currently are no standard, low-cost, and validated methods to assess the timing of food intake. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to validate simple, recall-based questions that can characterize food timing in free-living populations. METHODS The concordance between recall-based survey questions and food times estimated from multiple daily food records was assessed in 249 generally healthy, free-living adults from the Shift Work, Heredity, Insulin, and Food Timing (SHIFT) Study. At baseline, participants were asked: "At what time do you first start and stop eating on weekdays/workdays and weekends/non-workdays?" and "At what time do you have your main meal on weekdays/workdays and weekends/non-workdays?" Participants were then asked to complete ≤14 d of food records noting the start time of each eating occasion. The timing of the first, last, and main (largest percentage calories) eating occasions were determined from food records. Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank and Kendall's coefficient of concordance were used to compare differences and determine agreements between the methods for these food timing parameters, as well as for the midpoint between first and last eating occasion. RESULTS Eating occasions on work and free days showed significant agreements between the 2 methods, except for the main eating occasion on free days. Significant agreements were generally modest and ranged from 0.16 (workdays main eating occasion) to 0.45 (workdays first eating occasion). Generally, times based on recall were later than those estimated from food records, and the differences in estimated times were smaller on workdays compared with free days, and smaller for the first compared with the last eating occasion. Main eating occasions from food records often varied between lunch and dinner times, contributing to low concordance with recalled times. CONCLUSIONS Modest agreements were found between food times derived from simple, recall-based survey questions and food times estimated from multiple-day food records. Single administration of these questions can effectively characterize the overall timing of eating occasions within a population for chrononutrition research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siena C Gioia
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mélanie Guirette
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chandler Tucker
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brianna E Gray
- Translational and Clinical Research Centers, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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207
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Bland JS. Clinical Understanding of the Sleep-Immune Connection. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2022; 21:12-14. [PMID: 35431688 PMCID: PMC9005150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The science of sleep is becoming better understood all the time, and here is a fact that has only recently been revealed: sleep and immune system function have a bidirectional relationship. The disturbance of sleep can create an alteration in immune function. The opposite is also true, in that activation of the immune system can create a disturbance in sleep cycling. This dynamic can ultimately create a feed-forward loop of increasing immune dysfunction and sleep disruption. These systems are intimately intertwined. The clinical approach should be to intervene upstream in the regulation of the fundamental systems that control both sleep and immune function. Through the implementation of this approach, the treatment will focus on the cause of the epigenetic modulation of the sleep-immune system imbalance, and not just its effects and symptomatology.
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208
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Yin H, Yuan F, Jiao F, Niu Y, Jiang X, Deng J, Guo Y, Chen S, Zhai Q, Hu C, Li Y, Guo F. Intermittent Leucine Deprivation Produces Long-lasting Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity by Increasing Hepatic Gcn2 Expression. Diabetes 2022; 71:206-218. [PMID: 34740902 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Leucine deprivation improves insulin sensitivity; however, whether and how this effect can be extended are unknown. We hypothesized that intermittent leucine deprivation (ILD) might produce a long-term effect on improved insulin sensitivity via the formation of metabolic memory. Consistently, seven ILD cycles of treatment (1-day leucine-deficient diet, 3-day control diet) in mice produced a long-lasting (after a control diet was resumed for 49 days) effect on improved whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice, indicating the potential formation of metabolic memory. Furthermore, the effects of ILD depended on hepatic general control nondepressible 2 (GCN2) expression, as verified by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Moreover, ILD increased Gcn2 expression by reducing its DNA methylation at two CpG promoter sites controlled by demethylase growth arrest and DNA damage inducible b. Finally, ILD also improved insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant mice. Thus, ILD induces long-lasting improvements in insulin sensitivity by increasing hepatic Gcn2 expression via a reduction in its DNA methylation. These results provide novel insights into understanding of the link between leucine deprivation and insulin sensitivity, as well as potential nutritional intervention strategies for treating insulin resistance and related diseases. We also provide evidence for liver-specific metabolic memory after ILD and novel epigenetic mechanisms for Gcn2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxin Jiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Niu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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209
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Liao E, Ghezzi L, Piccio L. Dietary restriction in multiple sclerosis: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. ADVANCES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE & REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.47795/mcln8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) interventions, which encompass both chronic and intermittent reductions in energy intake, are emerging as potential therapeutic approaches for dampening neuroinflammation and demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). Mechanisms mediating the beneficial effects of DR include the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling molecules and gut microbiome remodelling. This article summarises the preclinical evidence supporting the role of DR in attenuating disease in animal models of MS and the developing clinical evidence indicating the safety and feasibility of such DR interventions in people with MS (pwMS).
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210
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Zhang Y, Higgins CB, Van Tine BA, Bomalaski JS, DeBosch BJ. Pegylated arginine deiminase drives arginine turnover and systemic autophagy to dictate energy metabolism. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100498. [PMID: 35106510 PMCID: PMC8784773 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multi-systemic disorder of energy balance. Despite intense investigation, the determinants of energy homeostasis remain incompletely understood, and efficacious treatments against obesity and its complications are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that conferred arginine iminohydrolysis by the bacterial virulence factor and arginine deiminase, arcA, promotes mammalian energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity and reverses dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in obese mice. Extending this, pharmacological arginine catabolism via pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) recapitulates these metabolic effects in dietary and genetically obese models. These effects require hepatic and whole-body expression of the autophagy complex protein BECN1 and hepatocyte-specific FGF21 secretion. Single-cell ATAC sequencing further reveals BECN1-dependent hepatocyte chromatin accessibility changes in response to ADI-PEG 20. The data thus reveal an unexpected therapeutic utility for arginine catabolism in modulating energy metabolism by activating systemic autophagy, which is now exploitable through readily available pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cassandra B. Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian A. Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | | | - Brian J. DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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211
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Nardon M, Venturelli M, Ruzzante F, Longo VD, Bertucco M. Fasting-Mimicking-Diet does not reduce skeletal muscle function in healthy young adults: a randomized control trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:651-661. [PMID: 35034194 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of the Fasting-Mimicking-Diet (FMD) intervention on neuromuscular parameters of force production in healthy young men. METHODS Twenty-four physically active men completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to Fasting-Mimicking (FMD) or Normal Diet (ND) and asked to follow three cycles of dietary intervention. Neuromuscular parameters of force production during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVCs) with the leg extensors muscles and anthropometrics were measured at baseline (T0), at the end of the first cycle (T1), and 7-10 days after the 3rd cycle of the nutritional intervention (T2). The study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (No. NCT04476615). RESULTS There was a significant decrease in body mass at T1 for FMD (- 2.6 kg, ∆ from baseline, on average; p < 0.05) but not in ND (- 0.1 kg;). Neuromuscular parameters of force production, muscle volume, and MVC torque did not change or differ between groups across visits. Results were similar even when parameters were normalized by muscle volume. CONCLUSION The consumption of FMD in a group of young healthy male subjects showed to be feasible, and it did not affect neuromuscular parameters of force production. The results suggest that FMD could be safely adopted by strength athletes without detrimental effects on force and muscle volume. Further research in clinical population at risk of muscle mass loss, such as elderly and obese subjects with sarcopenia, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nardon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Ruzzante
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy.
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212
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Veldscholte K, Cramer ABG, de Jonge RCJ, Eveleens RD, Joosten KFM, Verbruggen SCAT. Continuous versus Intermittent Nutrition in Pediatric Intensive Care patients (ContInNuPIC): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e36229. [PMID: 35737448 PMCID: PMC9264130 DOI: 10.2196/36229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions Trial Registration International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlien Veldscholte
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arnout B G Cramer
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier C J de Jonge
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renate D Eveleens
- Department of Anesthesiology, Location Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koenraad F M Joosten
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sascha C A T Verbruggen
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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213
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Hofer SJ, Carmona‐Gutierrez D, Mueller MI, Madeo F. The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14418. [PMID: 34779138 PMCID: PMC8749464 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated diseases are rising to pandemic proportions, exposing the need for efficient and low-cost methods to tackle these maladies at symptomatic, behavioral, metabolic, and physiological levels. While nutrition and health are closely intertwined, our limited understanding of how diet precisely influences disease often precludes the medical use of specific dietary interventions. Caloric restriction (CR) has approached clinical application as a powerful, yet simple, dietary modulation that extends both life- and healthspan in model organisms and ameliorates various diseases. However, due to psychological and social-behavioral limitations, CR may be challenging to implement into real life. Thus, CR-mimicking interventions have been developed, including intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating, and macronutrient modulation. Nonetheless, possible side effects of CR and alternatives thereof must be carefully considered. We summarize key concepts and differences in these dietary interventions in humans, discuss their molecular effects, and shed light on advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Melanie I Mueller
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
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214
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Hoffman JM, Hernandez CM, Hernandez AR, Bizon JL, Burke SN, Carter CS, Buford TW. Bridging the Gap: A Geroscience Primer for Neuroscientists With Potential Collaborative Applications. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:e10-e18. [PMID: 34653247 PMCID: PMC8751800 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While neurodegenerative diseases can strike at any age, the majority of afflicted individuals are diagnosed at older ages. Due to the important impact of age in disease diagnosis, the field of neuroscience could greatly benefit from the many of the theories and ideas from the biology of aging-now commonly referred as geroscience. As discussed in our complementary perspective on the topic, there is often a "silo-ing" between geroscientists who work on understanding the mechanisms underlying aging and neuroscientists who are studying neurodegenerative diseases. While there have been some strong collaborations between the biology of aging and neuroscientists, there is still great potential for enhanced collaborative effort between the 2 fields. To this end, here, we review the state of the geroscience field, discuss how neuroscience could benefit from thinking from a geroscience perspective, and close with a brief discussion on some of the "missing links" between geroscience and neuroscience and how to remedy them. Notably, we have a corresponding, concurrent review from the neuroscience perspective. Our overall goal is to "bridge the gap" between geroscience and neuroscience such that more efficient, reproducible research with translational potential can be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Caesar M Hernandez
- Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abbi R Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Nathan Shock Center for Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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215
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Katsi V, Papakonstantinou IP, Soulaidopoulos S, Katsiki N, Tsioufis K. Chrononutrition in Cardiometabolic Health. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020296. [PMID: 35053991 PMCID: PMC8780356 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a healthy balanced diet together with weight reduction has risen to the forefront of minimizing the impact of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that metabolic processes present circadian rhythmicity. Moreover, the timing of food consumption exerts a powerful influence on circadian rhythms. In this context, the subject of chrononutrition, described as the alignment of timing of food intake to the rhythms imposed by the circadian clock, has attracted considerable interest for possible beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Current human studies suggest that chrononutrition-based dietary interventions could reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease by improving weight control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. However, meta-analysis of randomized control trials in this topic present varying and somehow conflicting results. Even the traditional association of breakfast skipping with adverse cardiovascular outcomes is nowadays controversial. Therefore, long-term and fairly consistent studies on the effect of chrononutrition on cardiovascular outcomes are needed. The purpose of this review is to provide concise evidence of the most recent literature involving the effects of chrononutrition and the specific chrononutrition-based dietary interventions, in particular time-restricted eating, on body weight and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Katsi
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (K.T.)
| | | | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-693-2528-561 or +30-210-933-9076
| | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (K.T.)
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216
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Tuning up an aged clock: Circadian clock regulation in metabolism and aging. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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217
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OUP accepted manuscript. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:6580213. [DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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218
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Pan X. Cholesterol Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Physiology, Pathologic Mechanisms, and Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:119-143. [PMID: 35503178 PMCID: PMC11106795 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins are risk factors for atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and diabetes. These four conditions have also been identified as risk factors leading to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although many pathways that generate high plasma levels of these factors have been identified, most clinical and physiologic dysfunction results from aberrant assembly and secretion of lipoproteins. The results of several published studies suggest that elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol are a risk factor for atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery calcification associated with type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD. Cholesterol metabolism has also been identified as an important pathway contributing to the development of CKD; clinical treatments designed to alter various steps of the cholesterol synthesis and metabolism pathway are currently under study. Cholesterol synthesis and catabolism contribute to a multistep process with pathways that are regulated at the cellular level in renal tissue. Cholesterol metabolism may also be regulated by the balance between the influx and efflux of cholesterol molecules that are capable of crossing the membrane of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and podocytes. Cellular accumulation of cholesterol can result in lipotoxicity and ultimately kidney dysfunction and failure. Thus, further research focused on cholesterol metabolism pathways will be necessary to improve our understanding of the impact of cholesterol restriction, which is currently a primary intervention recommended for patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
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219
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Senesi P, Ferrulli A, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Chrono-communication and cardiometabolic health: The intrinsic relationship and therapeutic nutritional promises. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:975509. [PMID: 36176473 PMCID: PMC9513421 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.975509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm, an innate 24-h biological clock, regulates several mammalian physiological activities anticipating daily environmental variations and optimizing available energetic resources. The circadian machinery is a complex neuronal and endocrinological network primarily organized into a central clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and peripheral clocks. Several small molecules generate daily circadian fluctuations ensuring inter-organ communication and coordination between external stimuli, i.e., light, food, and exercise, and body metabolism. As an orchestra, this complex network can be out of tone. Circadian disruption is often associated with obesity development and, above all, with diabetes and cardiovascular disease onset. Moreover, accumulating data highlight a bidirectional relationship between circadian misalignment and cardiometabolic disease severity. Food intake abnormalities, especially timing and composition of meal, are crucial cause of circadian disruption, but evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has shown that food could represent a unique therapeutic approach to promote circadian resynchronization. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure of circadian system and discuss the role playing by different molecules [from leptin to ghrelin, incretins, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)] to guarantee circadian homeostasis. Based on the recent data, we discuss the innovative nutritional interventions aimed at circadian re-synchronization and, consequently, improvement of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ileana Terruzzi,
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220
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Sciarretta S, Forte M, Sadoshima J. Boosting circadian autophagy by means of intermittent time-restricted feeding: a novel anti-ageing strategy? THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2022; 2:5. [PMID: 35083475 PMCID: PMC8785976 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2021.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina 04100, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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221
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Brown MR, Sen SK, Mazzone A, Her TK, Xiong Y, Lee JH, Javeed N, Colwell CS, Rakshit K, LeBrasseur NK, Gaspar-Maia A, Ordog T, Matveyenko AV. Time-restricted feeding prevents deleterious metabolic effects of circadian disruption through epigenetic control of β cell function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6856. [PMID: 34910509 PMCID: PMC8673777 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption (CD) is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While the link between CD and T2DM remains unclear, there is accumulating evidence that disruption of fasting/feeding cycles mediates metabolic dysfunction. Here, we used an approach encompassing analysis of behavioral, physiological, transcriptomic, and epigenomic effects of CD and consequences of restoring fasting/feeding cycles through time-restricted feeding (tRF) in mice. Results show that CD perturbs glucose homeostasis through disruption of pancreatic β cell function and loss of circadian transcriptional and epigenetic identity. In contrast, restoration of fasting/feeding cycle prevented CD-mediated dysfunction by reestablishing circadian regulation of glucose tolerance, β cell function, transcriptional profile, and reestablishment of proline and acidic amino acid–rich basic leucine zipper (PAR bZIP) transcription factor DBP expression/activity. This study provides mechanistic insights into circadian regulation of β cell function and corresponding beneficial effects of tRF in prevention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Satish K. Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amelia Mazzone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tracy K. Her
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yuning Xiong
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher S. Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathan K. LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexandre Gaspar-Maia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aleksey V. Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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222
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Behravesh M, Fernandez-Tajes J, Estampador AC, Varga TV, Gunnarsson ÓS, Strevens H, Timpka S, Franks PW. A prospective study of the relationships between movement and glycemic control during day and night in pregnancy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23911. [PMID: 34903782 PMCID: PMC8668873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Both disturbed sleep and lack of exercise can disrupt metabolism in pregnancy. Accelerometery was used to objectively assess movement during waking (physical activity) and movement during sleeping (sleep disturbance) periods and evaluated relationships with continuous blood glucose variation during pregnancy. Data was analysed prospectively. 15-women without pre-existing diabetes mellitus wore continuous glucose monitors and triaxial accelerometers from February through June 2018 in Sweden. The relationships between physical activity and sleep disturbance with blood glucose rate of change were assessed. An interaction term was fitted to determine difference in the relationship between movement and glucose variation, conditional on waking/sleeping. Total movement was inversely related to glucose rate of change (p < 0.001, 95% CI (− 0.037, − 0.026)). Stratified analyses showed total physical activity was inversely related to glucose rate of change (p < 0.001, 95% CI (− 0.040, − 0.028)), whereas sleep disturbance was not related to glucose rate of change (p = 0.07, 95% CI (< − 0.001, 0.013)). The interaction term was positively related to glucose rate of change (p < 0.001, 95% CI (0.029, 0.047)). This study provides temporal evidence of a relationship between total movement and glycemic control in pregnancy, which is conditional on time of day. Movement is beneficially related with glycemic control while awake, but not during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Behravesh
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Juan Fernandez-Tajes
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Angela C Estampador
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35 214 28, Malmö, Sweden.,Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ómar S Gunnarsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö and Lund, Sweden.,Perinatal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Strevens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö and Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Timpka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö and Lund, Sweden.,Perinatal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35 214 28, Malmö, Sweden. .,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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223
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Time-restricted feeding induces Lactobacillus- and Akkermansia-specific functional changes in the rat fecal microbiota. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:85. [PMID: 34862421 PMCID: PMC8642412 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a key factor influencing gut microbiota (GM) composition and functions, which in turn affect host health. Among dietary regimens, time-restricted (TR) feeding has been associated to numerous health benefits. The impact of TR feeding on the GM composition has been mostly explored by means of metagenomic sequencing. To date, however, little is known about the modulation of GM functions by this dietary regimen. Here, we analyzed the effects of TR feeding on GM functions by evaluating protein expression changes in a rat model through a metaproteomic approach. We observed that TR feeding has a relevant impact on GM functions, specifically leading to an increased abundance of several enzymes involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism and expressed by Lactobacillus spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila. Taken together, these results contribute to deepening our knowledge about the key relationship between diet, GM, and health.
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224
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Ma J, Zhang C, He Y, Chen X, Lin G. Fasting augments pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:639-651. [PMID: 34792613 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are phytotoxins widely present in various natural products and foodstuffs. The present study aims to investigate the effects of fasting on PA-induced hepatotoxicity and the underlying biochemical mechanisms. The results of hepatotoxic study showed that 15-h overnight fasting significantly exacerbated the hepatotoxicity of retrorsine (RTS, a representative toxic PA) in fasted rats compared to fed rats, as indicated by remarkably elevated plasma ALT and bilirubin levels and obvious liver histological changes. Further toxicokinetic studies revealed that fasting significantly enhanced cytochromes P450 enzymes (CYPs)-mediated metabolic activation of RTS leading to increased formation of pyrrole-protein adducts and thus decreased the in vivo exposure and excretion of both parent RTS and its N-oxide metabolite. Metabolic studies demonstrated that fasting induced enzyme activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 that participated in catalyzing RTS to its reactive pyrrolic metabolites. Moreover, fasting also dramatically decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) content, which restricted the detoxification of GSH by neutralizing the reactive pyrrolic metabolite of RTS, further contributing to the enhanced hepatotoxicity. The present findings may have an impact on future PA toxicity tests with different dietary styles and/or risk assessment of metabolite-mediated toxins by considering the profound effects of fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yisheng He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinmeng Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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225
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Lin YJ, Wang YT, Chan LC, Chu NF. Effect of time-restricted feeding on body composition and cardio-metabolic risk in middle-aged women in Taiwan. Nutrition 2021; 93:111504. [PMID: 34763309 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) and a traditional weight-loss method on body composition and cardio-metabolic risk factors in middle-aged women. METHODS In a single-center, randomized, open-label, parallel-group design, women ages 40 to 65 y with body mass index ≥ 24 kg/m2 or waist circumference > 80 cm were recruited. They were guided to a daily low-calorie diet of 1400 kcal and randomly assigned into a TRF group (limit 8 h of eating time and fasting for 16 h) or a non-TRF group (traditional weight-loss method, unrestricted eating time) for 8 wk. Body composition, blood pressure, blood biochemical variables, and insulin resistance status were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS Body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat mass decreased significantly in both groups after 8 wk of intervention (P < 0.05). Body weight decreased more in the TRF group than the non-TRF group (-4.1% ± 2.8% versus -2.4% ± 2.5%; P = 0.012), as did diastolic blood pressure (75.3 ± 11.2 mm Hg versus 70.5 ± 9.4 mm Hg; P = 0.012). There were no statistical differences between the two groups in total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, high- or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting insulin level. However, fasting glucose and insulin resistance status increased significantly for the TRF group after the intervention (respectively, 88.3 ± 7.6 mg/dL versus 92.6 ± 9.6 mg/dL, P = 0.003; 1.7 ± 0.7 versus 2.1 ± 1.0, P = 0.048). CONCLUSION The weight loss and reduction in diastolic blood pressure using the TRF method were better than with the traditional weight-loss method. However, this method may increase fasting glucose levels and adverse insulin resistance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ju Lin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ting Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chien Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nain-Feng Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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226
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Diaz-Ruiz A, Rhinesmith T, Pomatto-Watson LCD, Price NL, Eshaghi F, Ehrlich MR, Moats JM, Carpenter M, Rudderow A, Brandhorst S, Mattison JA, Aon MA, Bernier M, Longo VD, de Cabo R. Diet composition influences the metabolic benefits of short cycles of very low caloric intake. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6463. [PMID: 34753921 PMCID: PMC8578605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet composition, calories, and fasting times contribute to the maintenance of health. However, the impact of very low-calorie intake (VLCI) achieved with either standard laboratory chow (SD) or a plant-based fasting mimicking diet (FMD) is not fully understood. Here, using middle-aged male mice we show that 5 months of short 4:10 VLCI cycles lead to decreases in both fat and lean mass, accompanied by improved physical performance and glucoregulation, and greater metabolic flexibility independent of diet composition. A long-lasting metabolomic reprograming in serum and liver is observed in mice on VLCI cycles with SD, but not FMD. Further, when challenged with an obesogenic diet, cycles of VLCI do not prevent diet-induced obesity nor do they elicit a long-lasting metabolic memory, despite achieving modest metabolic flexibility. Our results highlight the importance of diet composition in mediating the metabolic benefits of short cycles of VLCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, Institute IMDEA Food, Crta. de Canto Blanco n° 8, E - 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tyler Rhinesmith
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura C D Pomatto-Watson
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Farzin Eshaghi
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Margaux R Ehrlich
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Moats
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Melissa Carpenter
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Annamaria Rudderow
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Nonhuman Primate Core, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Dickerson, MD, 20842, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, Institute IMDEA Food, Crta. de Canto Blanco n° 8, E - 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Anton S, Ezzati A, Witt D, McLaren C, Vial P. The effects of intermittent fasting regimens in middle-age and older adults: Current state of evidence. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111617. [PMID: 34728336 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a host of biological changes that contribute to a progressive decline in cognitive and physical function, ultimately leading to a loss of independence and an increased risk of mortality. The unprecedented growth of the aging population has thus created an urgent need for interventions that can preserve older adults' capacity to live independently and to function well. To date, there is no conclusive evidence supporting the efficacy of an intervention to prevent or reverse physical disability in older persons at risk of functional decline. A growing body of evidence indicates that prolonged fasting periods and different types of intermittent fasting regimens can have positive effects on anthropometric and metabolic health parameters in middle-aged adults similar to that of calorie restriction. For this reason, there is increasing scientific interest in further exploring the biological and metabolic effects of intermittent fasting approaches, as well as the feasibility and safety of popular types of intermittent fasting regimens in older adults. Thus, the purpose of the present review is to describe the state of evidence of different types of intermittent fasting regimes, specifically time-restricted eating and 5:2 intermittent fasting, in the growing population of middle-aged and older adults. A small, but growing body of evidence indicates both time restricted eating (TRE) and 5:2 intermittent fasting approaches can produce modest weight loss; however, only the 5:2 approach produced clinically meaningful weight losses. Reductions in blood pressure were observed for both TRE and 5:2 fasting approaches, but the effects were not consistent across studies. The majority of studies to date, in middle-age and older adults, however, have been of short duration in small study samples. Future clinical trials with larger populations and longer intervention durations are required to better understand the risks versus benefits of different types of intermittent fasting regimens in middle-age and older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Armin Ezzati
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Danielle Witt
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christian McLaren
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Patricia Vial
- Nutrition, Health & Wellness Manager, Nestlé Central America, Panama
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228
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Borer KT. Why We Eat Too Much, Have an Easier Time Gaining Than Losing Weight, and Expend Too Little Energy: Suggestions for Counteracting or Mitigating These Problems. Nutrients 2021; 13:3812. [PMID: 34836068 PMCID: PMC8618649 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intent of this review is to survey physiological, psychological, and societal obstacles to the control of eating and body weight maintenance and offer some evidence-based solutions. Physiological obstacles are genetic and therefore not amenable to direct abatement. They include an absence of feedback control against gaining weight; a non-homeostatic relationship between motivations to be physically active and weight gain; dependence of hunger and satiation on the volume of food ingested by mouth and processed by the gastrointestinal tract and not on circulating metabolites and putative hunger or satiation hormones. Further, stomach size increases from overeating and binging, and there is difficulty in maintaining weight reductions due to a decline in resting metabolism, increased hunger, and enhanced efficiency of energy storage. Finally, we bear the evolutionary burden of extraordinary human capacity to store body fat. Of the psychological barriers, human craving for palatable food, tendency to overeat in company of others, and gullibility to overeat when offered large portions, can be overcome consciously. The tendency to eat an unnecessary number of meals during the wakeful period can be mitigated by time-restricted feeding to a 6-10 hour period. Social barriers of replacing individual physical work by labor-saving appliances, designing built environments more suitable for car than active transportation; government food macronutrient advice that increases insulin resistance; overabundance of inexpensive food; and profit-driven efforts by the food industry to market energy-dense and nutritionally compromised food are best overcome by informed individual macronutrient choices and appropriate timing of exercise with respect to meals, both of which can decrease insulin resistance. The best defense against overeating, weight gain, and inactivity is the understanding of factors eliciting them and of strategies that can avoid and mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina T Borer
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
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229
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Gagliano O, Luni C, Li Y, Angiolillo S, Qin W, Panariello F, Cacchiarelli D, Takahashi JS, Elvassore N. Synchronization between peripheral circadian clock and feeding-fasting cycles in microfluidic device sustains oscillatory pattern of transcriptome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6185. [PMID: 34702819 PMCID: PMC8548598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian system cyclically regulates many physiological and behavioral processes within the day. Desynchronization between physiological and behavioral rhythms increases the risk of developing some, including metabolic, disorders. Here we investigate how the oscillatory nature of metabolic signals, resembling feeding-fasting cycles, sustains the cell-autonomous clock in peripheral tissues. By controlling the timing, period and frequency of glucose and insulin signals via microfluidics, we find a strong effect on Per2::Luc fibroblasts entrainment. We show that the circadian Per2 expression is better sustained via a 24 h period and 12 h:12 h frequency-encoded metabolic stimulation applied for 3 daily cycles, aligned to the cell-autonomous clock, entraining the expression of hundreds of genes mostly belonging to circadian rhythms and cell cycle pathways. On the contrary misaligned feeding-fasting cycles synchronize and amplify the expression of extracellular matrix-associated genes, aligned during the light phase. This study underlines the role of the synchronicity between life-style-associated metabolic signals and peripheral clocks on the circadian entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onelia Gagliano
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Camilla Luni
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Silvia Angiolillo
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Panariello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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230
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Lee Y, Kim Y, Lee M, Wu D, Pae M. Time-Restricted Feeding Restores Obesity-Induced Alteration in Adipose Tissue Immune Cell Phenotype. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113780. [PMID: 34836036 PMCID: PMC8623978 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that time-restricted feeding (TRF) may prevent obesity and its commodities. At present, little is known about how TRF impacts immune cells, and whether such an effect is linked to altered metabolic parameters under condition of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. To address these issues, we conducted a study in which we determined whether TRF has therapeutic efficacy against weight gain, adiposity, as well as associated immune cell disturbance found in obese mice. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD ad libitum for six weeks, after which time a subgroup of HFD mice was switched to the 10 h TRF paradigm (HFD-TRF) for additional eight weeks. We found that TRF intervention reduced HFD-induced weight gain. Even with comparable fat mass and mean adipocyte area, the HFD-TRF group had lower mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokine Tnfα and chemokine Ccl8, along with reduced numbers of adipose tissue macrophages (ATM), CD11c+ ATM, and CD8+ T cell compared to the HFD group, while maintaining CD8+ to CD4+ ratio at levels similar to those in the LFD group. Furthermore, TRF intervention was effective in improving glucose tolerance and reducing HOMA-IR. Taken together, our findings suggest that TRF restores the obesity-induced alteration in immune cell composition, and this effect may in part contribute to health benefits (including insulin sensitivity) of practicing TRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngyoon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Yelim Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Minam Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Munkyong Pae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.K.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-261-2745
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231
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Ribas-Aulinas F, Parra-Vargas M, Ramon-Krauel M, Diaz R, Lerin C, Cambras T, Jimenez-Chillaron JC. Time-Restricted Feeding during Puberty Ameliorates Adiposity and Prevents Hepatic Steatosis in a Mouse Model of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:3579. [PMID: 34684586 PMCID: PMC8538558 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time restricted feeding (TRF) refers to dietary interventions in which food access is limited during a specific timeframe of the day. TRFs have proven useful in improving metabolic health in adult subjects with obesity. Their beneficial effects are mediated, in part, through modulating the circadian rhythm. Nevertheless, the translation of these dietary interventions onto obese/overweight children and adolescents remains uncharacterized. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of temporal dietary interventions for improving metabolic health in the context of childhood obesity. METHODS We have previously developed a mouse model of early adiposity (i.e., childhood obesity) through litter size reduction. Mice raised in small litters (SL) became obese as early as by two weeks of age, and as adults, they developed several obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. Here, we explored whether two independent short-term chrono-nutritional interventions might improve metabolic health in 1-month-old pre-pubertal SL mice. Both TRFs comprised 8 h feeding/14 h fasting. In the first one (TRF1) Control and SL mice had access to the diet for 8 h during the dark phase. In the second intervention (TRF2) food was available during the light:dark transitions. RESULTS TRF1 did not alter food intake nor ameliorate adiposity in SL-TRF1. In contrast, SL-TRF2 mice showed unintentional reduction of caloric intake, which was accompanied by reduced total body weight and adiposity. Strikingly, hepatic triglyceride content was completely normalized in SL-TRF1 and SL-TRF2 mice, when compared to the ad lib-fed SL mice. These effects were partially mediated by (i) clock-dependent signals, which might modulate the expression of Pparg or Cpt1a, and (ii) clock-independent signals, such as fasting itself, which could influence Fasn expression. CONCLUSIONS Time-restricted feeding is an effective and feasible nutritional intervention to improve metabolic health, namely hepatic steatosis, in a model of childhood obesity. These data open new avenues for future safe and efficient chrono-nutritional interventions aimed to improve metabolic health in children with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Ribas-Aulinas
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Marcela Parra-Vargas
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Marta Ramon-Krauel
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Diaz
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep C. Jimenez-Chillaron
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
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Abstract
This review aims to summarize the effects of intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic health in humans. All forms of fasting reviewed here-alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE)-produced mild to moderate weight loss (1-8% from baseline) and consistent reductions in energy intake (10-30% from baseline). These regimens may benefit cardiometabolic health by decreasing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels are also lowered, but findings are variable. Other health benefits, such as improved appetite regulation and favorable changes in the diversity of the gut microbiome, have also been demonstrated, but evidence for these effects is limited. Intermittent fasting is generally safe and does not result in energy level disturbances or increased disordered eating behaviors. In summary, intermittent fasting is a safe diet therapy that can produce clinically significant weight loss (>5%) and improve several markers of metabolic health in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA;
| | - Sofia Cienfuegos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA;
| | - Mark Ezpeleta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA;
| | - Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA;
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Qin BW, Zhao L, Lin W. A frequency-amplitude coordinator and its optimal energy consumption for biological oscillators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5894. [PMID: 34625549 PMCID: PMC8501100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biorhythm including neuron firing and protein-mRNA interaction are fundamental activities with diffusive effect. Their well-balanced spatiotemporal dynamics are beneficial for healthy sustainability. Therefore, calibrating both anomalous frequency and amplitude of biorhythm prevents physiological dysfunctions or diseases. However, many works were devoted to modulate frequency exclusively whereas amplitude is usually ignored, although both quantities are equally significant for coordinating biological functions and outputs. Especially, a feasible method coordinating the two quantities concurrently and precisely is still lacking. Here, for the first time, we propose a universal approach to design a frequency-amplitude coordinator rigorously via dynamical systems tools. We consider both spatial and temporal information. With a single well-designed coordinator, they can be calibrated to desired levels simultaneously and precisely. The practical usefulness and efficacy of our method are demonstrated in representative neuronal and gene regulatory models. We further reveal its fundamental mechanism and optimal energy consumption providing inspiration for biorhythm regulation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wei Qin
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, 200438, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Computational Systems Biology of ISTBI, LCNBI, and Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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234
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Jabri A, Kumar A, Verghese E, Alameh A, Kumar A, Khan MS, Khan SU, Michos ED, Kapadia SR, Reed GW, Kalra A. Meta-analysis of effect of vegetarian diet on ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 7:100182. [PMID: 34611632 PMCID: PMC8387295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarize the association between vegetarian versus non-vegetarian diet on mortality due to ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or all-cause mortality. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane databases, and ClinicalTrials.Gov from the inception of the databases to October 2019 with no language restriction. Randomized controlled trials or prospective observational studies comparing the association between vegetarian versus non-vegetarian diets among adults and reporting major adverse cardiovascular outcomes were selected. We used Paule-Mandel estimator for tau2 with Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model to estimate risk ratio [RR] with 95% confidence interval [CI].The primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome was ischemic heart disease mortality. Results Eight observational studies (n = 131,869) were included in the analysis. Over a weighted mean follow-up of 10.68 years, very low certainty of evidence concluded that a vegetarian diet compared with a non-vegetarian diet was associated with similar risk of all-cause (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.65-1.07, I2 : 97%) or cerebrovascular mortality (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.63-1.14, I2 : 90%), but was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease mortality (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55-0.89, I2 : 82%). Conclusion A vegetarian diet, compared with a non-vegetarian diet, was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease mortality, whereas it had no effect on all-cause and cerebrovascular mortality. However, the results are to be considered with caution considering the low certainty of evidence. Despite recent studies supporting no restriction on animal protein intake gaining wide media attention and public traction, consideration for vegetarianism amongst those with risk factors for coronary artery disease should be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jabri
- Heart and Vascular Center, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Department, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, 224 West Exchange St, Suite 225, Akron, OH 44302, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Verghese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Anas Alameh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Anirudh Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Safi U Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samir R Kapadia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Grant W Reed
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ankur Kalra
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Department, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, 224 West Exchange St, Suite 225, Akron, OH 44302, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ulgherait M, Midoun AM, Park SJ, Gatto JA, Tener SJ, Siewert J, Klickstein N, Canman JC, Ja WW, Shirasu-Hiza M. Circadian autophagy drives iTRF-mediated longevity. Nature 2021; 598:353-358. [PMID: 34588695 PMCID: PMC9395244 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has recently gained interest as a potential anti-ageing treatment for organisms from Drosophila to humans1-5. TRF restricts food intake to specific hours of the day. Because TRF controls the timing of feeding, rather than nutrient or caloric content, TRF has been hypothesized to depend on circadian-regulated functions; the underlying molecular mechanisms of its effects remain unclear. Here, to exploit the genetic tools and well-characterized ageing markers of Drosophila, we developed an intermittent TRF (iTRF) dietary regimen that robustly extended fly lifespan and delayed the onset of ageing markers in the muscles and gut. We found that iTRF enhanced circadian-regulated transcription and that iTRF-mediated lifespan extension required both circadian regulation and autophagy, a conserved longevity pathway. Night-specific induction of autophagy was both necessary and sufficient to extend lifespan on an ad libitum diet and also prevented further iTRF-mediated lifespan extension. By contrast, day-specific induction of autophagy did not extend lifespan. Thus, these results identify circadian-regulated autophagy as a critical contributor to iTRF-mediated health benefits in Drosophila. Because both circadian regulation and autophagy are highly conserved processes in human ageing, this work highlights the possibility that behavioural or pharmaceutical interventions that stimulate circadian-regulated autophagy might provide people with similar health benefits, such as delayed ageing and lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Ulgherait
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adil M Midoun
- Department of Biology, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Scarlet J Park
- Skaggs Graduate School, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jared A Gatto
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha J Tener
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Siewert
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naomi Klickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie C Canman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Skaggs Graduate School, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Mimi Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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237
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Choi H, Rao MC, Chang EB. Gut microbiota as a transducer of dietary cues to regulate host circadian rhythms and metabolism. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:679-689. [PMID: 34002082 PMCID: PMC8521648 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Certain members of the gut microbiota exhibit diurnal variations in relative abundance and function to serve as non-canonical drivers of host circadian rhythms and metabolism. Also known as microbial oscillators, these microorganisms entrain upon non-photic cues, primarily dietary, to modulate host metabolism by providing input to both circadian clock-dependent and clock-independent host networks. Microbial oscillators are generally promoted by plant-based, low-fat (lean) diets, and most are abolished by low-fibre, high-sugar, high-fat (Western) diets. The changes in microbial oscillators under different diets then affect host metabolism by altering central and peripheral host circadian clock functions and/or by directly affecting other metabolic targets. Here, we review the unique role of the gut microbiota as a non-photic regulator of host circadian rhythms and metabolism. We describe genetic, environmental, dietary and other host factors such as sex and gut immunity that determine the composition and behaviour of microbial oscillators. The mechanisms by which these oscillators regulate host circadian gene expression and metabolic state are further discussed. Because of the gut microbiota's unique role as a non-photic driver of host metabolism and circadian rhythms, the development and clinical application of novel gut microbiota-related diagnostics and therapeutics hold great promise for achieving and maintaining metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoann Choi
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering and The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mrinalini C. Rao
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, IL, USA.,
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238
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Christensen RAG, Kirkham AA. Time-Restricted Eating: A Novel and Simple Dietary Intervention for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Breast Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:3476. [PMID: 34684476 PMCID: PMC8537890 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial overlap in risk factors for the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer (BC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including obesity, metabolic disturbances, and chronic inflammation. These unifying features remain prevalent after a BC diagnosis and are exacerbated by BC treatment, resulting in elevated CVD risk among survivors. Thus, therapies that target these risk factors or mechanisms are likely to be effective for the prevention or progression of both conditions. In this narrative review, we propose time-restricted eating (TRE) as a simple lifestyle therapy to address many upstream causative factors associated with both BC and CVD. TRE is simple dietary strategy that typically involves the consumption of ad libitum energy intake within 8 h, followed by a 16-h fast. We describe the feasibility and safety of TRE and the available evidence for the impact of TRE on metabolic, cardiovascular, and cancer-specific health benefits. We also highlight potential solutions for overcoming barriers to adoption and adherence and areas requiring future research. In composite, we make the case for the use of TRE as a novel, safe, and feasible intervention for primary and secondary BC prevention, as well as tertiary prevention as it relates to CVD in BC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy A. Kirkham
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2C9, Canada
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239
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Bárcena B, Salamanca A, Pintado C, Mazuecos L, Villar M, Moltó E, Bonzón-Kulichenko E, Vázquez J, Andrés A, Gallardo N. Aging Induces Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Nuclear Proteomic Remodeling in Liver from Wistar Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101535. [PMID: 34679670 PMCID: PMC8533122 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a continuous, universal, and irreversible process that determines progressive loss of adaptability. The liver is a critical organ that supports digestion, metabolism, immunity, detoxification, vitamin storage, and hormone signaling. Nevertheless, the relationship between aging and the development of liver diseases remains elusive. In fact, although prolonged fasting in adult rodents and humans delays the onset of the disease and increases longevity, whether prolonged fasting could exert adverse effects in old organisms remains incompletely understood. In this work, we aimed to characterize the oxidative stress and nuclear proteome in the liver of 3-month- and 24-month-old male Wistar rats upon 36 h of fasting and its adaptation in response to 30 min of refeeding. To this end, we analyzed the hepatic lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS) and the expression levels of genes associated with fat metabolism and oxidative stress during aging. In addition, to gain a better insight into the molecular and cellular processes that characterize the liver of old rats, the hepatic nuclear proteome was also evaluated by isobaric tag quantitation (iTRAQ) mass spectrometry-based proteomics. In old rats, aging combined with prolonged fasting had great impact on lipid peroxidation in the liver that was associated with a marked downregulation of antioxidant genes (Sod2, Fmo3, and Cyp2C11) compared to young rats. Besides, our proteomic study revealed that RNA splicing is the hepatic nuclear biological process markedly affected by aging and this modification persists upon refeeding. Our results suggest that aged-induced changes in the nuclear proteome could affect processes associated with the adaptative response to refeeding after prolonged fasting, such as those involved in the defense against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Bárcena
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.B.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Aurora Salamanca
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.B.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Cristina Pintado
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (C.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.B.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Margarita Villar
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.B.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Eduardo Moltó
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (C.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Bonzón-Kulichenko
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-K.); (J.V.)
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-K.); (J.V.)
| | - Antonio Andrés
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.B.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Nilda Gallardo
- Biochemistry Section, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.B.); (A.S.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (N.G.)
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240
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Xu YX, Liu GY, Jiang Q, Bi HQ, Wang SC, Zhang PP, Gao CB, Chen GH, Cheng WH, Chen GJ, Zhu DF, Zhong MK, Xu Q. Effect of Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Health and Sleep-Wake Rhythms in Aging Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:745227. [PMID: 34557073 PMCID: PMC8453873 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.745227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, an irreversible and unavoidable physiological process in all organisms, is often accompanied by obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, and fatigue. Thus, older adults are more likely to experience metabolic symptoms and sleep disturbances than are younger adults. Restricted feeding (RF) is a dietary regimen aimed at improving metabolic health and extending longevity, as well as reorganizing sleep-wake cycles. However, the potential of RF to improve metabolic health and sleep quality in older adults who are known to show a tendency toward increased weight gain and decreased sleep is unknown. To elucidate this issue, aged mice were assigned to an RF protocol during the active phase for 2 h per day for 2 weeks. Sleep-wake cycles were recorded during the RF regime in RF group and control mice. At the end of this period, body weight and blood biochemistry profiles, including blood glucose, cholesterol, and enzyme activity, in addition to dopamine concentrations in the brain, were measured in the RF group and age-matched controls. RF for 2 weeks improved the metabolic health of aged mice by reducing their body weights and blood glucose and cholesterol levels. At the beginning of the RF regime, sleep decreased in the dark period but not in the light period. After stable food entrainment was achieved (7 days post-RF commencement), the amount of time spent in wakefulness during the light period dramatically increased for 2 h before food availability, thereby increasing the mean duration of awake episodes and decreasing the number of wakefulness episodes. There was no significant difference in the sleep-wake time during the dark period in the RF group, with similar total amounts of wakefulness and sleep in a 24-h period to those of the controls. During the RF regime, dopamine levels in the midbrain increased in the RF group, pointing to its potential as the mechanism mediating metabolic symptoms and sleep-wake regulation during RF. In conclusion, our study suggested that RF during aging might prohibit or delay the onset of age-related diseases by improving metabolic health, without having a severe deleterious effect on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Xu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Han-Qi Bi
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Chan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao-Bing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Sleep Disorders and Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Hui Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guan-Jun Chen
- Center for Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Fa Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Kui Zhong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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241
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Chen JH, Lu LW, Ge Q, Feng D, Yu J, Liu B, Zhang R, Zhang X, Ouyang C, Chen F. Missing puzzle pieces of time-restricted-eating (TRE) as a long-term weight-loss strategy in overweight and obese people? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2331-2347. [PMID: 34553667 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1974335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of using time restricted eating (TRE) for weight management and to mitigate metabolic disorders in overweight and obese people remains debatable. This meta-analysis quantified the impact of TRE on weight loss and metabolic health in overweight and obese people. The pooled results were subjected to a random-effects modeling using Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) method. Additionally, subgroup analysis was conducted based on study types, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) vs. non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs). Pooled results showed that subjects on TRE regimen (> 4 weeks) achieved a significant weight loss in comparison with unrestricted time regimen (weighted mean difference: -2.32%; 95% CI: -3.50, -1.14%; p < 0.01); however, weight loss was mainly attributed to the loss of lean mass rather than fat mass. The magnitude of weight loss was inversely correlated with daily fasting duration in RCTs. TRE significantly decreased the diastolic blood pressure and fasting insulin. An increase of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was observed in the TRE group. Favorable effect of TRE was observed on glucose metabolism but not on lipid profiles independent of weight loss. Hence TRE shall be administered with caution to overweight and obese people who have comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hua Chen
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Louise Weiwei Lu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qian Ge
- Department of Nutrition, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dana Feng
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caiqun Ouyang
- Department of Nutrition, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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242
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Fulgham CV, Dreyer AP, Nasseri A, Miller AN, Love J, Martin MM, Jabr DA, Saurabh S, Cavanaugh DJ. Central and Peripheral Clock Control of Circadian Feeding Rhythms. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:548-566. [PMID: 34547954 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211045835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many behaviors exhibit ~24-h oscillations under control of an endogenous circadian timing system that tracks time of day via a molecular circadian clock. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, most circadian research has focused on the generation of locomotor activity rhythms, but a fundamental question is how the circadian clock orchestrates multiple distinct behavioral outputs. Here, we have investigated the cells and circuits mediating circadian control of feeding behavior. Using an array of genetic tools, we show that, as is the case for locomotor activity rhythms, the presence of feeding rhythms requires molecular clock function in the ventrolateral clock neurons of the central brain. We further demonstrate that the speed of molecular clock oscillations in these neurons dictates the free-running period length of feeding rhythms. In contrast to the effects observed with central clock cell manipulations, we show that genetic abrogation of the molecular clock in the fat body, a peripheral metabolic tissue, is without effect on feeding behavior. Interestingly, we find that molecular clocks in the brain and fat body of control flies gradually grow out of phase with one another under free-running conditions, likely due to a long endogenous period of the fat body clock. Under these conditions, the period of feeding rhythms tracks with molecular oscillations in central brain clock cells, consistent with a primary role of the brain clock in dictating the timing of feeding behavior. Finally, despite a lack of effect of fat body selective manipulations, we find that flies with simultaneous disruption of molecular clocks in multiple peripheral tissues (but with intact central clocks) exhibit decreased feeding rhythm strength and reduced overall food intake. We conclude that both central and peripheral clocks contribute to the regulation of feeding rhythms, with a particularly dominant, pacemaker role for specific populations of central brain clock cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson V Fulgham
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Austin P Dreyer
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anita Nasseri
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Asia N Miller
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob Love
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madison M Martin
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel A Jabr
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sumit Saurabh
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Cavanaugh
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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243
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Salvadori G, Mirisola MG, Longo VD. Intermittent and Periodic Fasting, Hormones, and Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184587. [PMID: 34572814 PMCID: PMC8472354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The restriction of proteins, amino acids or sugars can have profound effects on the levels of hormones and factors including growth hormone, IGF-1 and insulin. In turn, these can regulate intracellular signaling pathways as well as cellular damage and aging, but also multisystem regeneration. Both intermittent (IF) and periodic fasting (PF) have been shown to have both acute and long-term effects on these hormones. Here, we review the effects of nutrients and fasting on hormones and genes established to affect aging and cancer. We describe the link between dietary interventions and genetic pathways affecting the levels of these hormones and focus on the mechanisms responsible for the cancer preventive effects. We propose that IF and PF can reduce tumor incidence both by delaying aging and preventing DNA damage and immunosenescence and also by killing damaged, pre-cancerous and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Salvadori
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Giuseppe Mirisola
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Valter D. Longo
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence:
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244
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Gudden J, Arias Vasquez A, Bloemendaal M. The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Brain and Cognitive Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093166. [PMID: 34579042 PMCID: PMC8470960 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of diet and the gut-brain axis for brain health and cognitive function is increasingly acknowledged. Dietary interventions are tested for their potential to prevent and/or treat brain disorders. Intermittent fasting (IF), the abstinence or strong limitation of calories for 12 to 48 h, alternated with periods of regular food intake, has shown promising results on neurobiological health in animal models. In this review article, we discuss the potential benefits of IF on cognitive function and the possible effects on the prevention and progress of brain-related disorders in animals and humans. We do so by summarizing the effects of IF which through metabolic, cellular, and circadian mechanisms lead to anatomical and functional changes in the brain. Our review shows that there is no clear evidence of a positive short-term effect of IF on cognition in healthy subjects. Clinical studies show benefits of IF for epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis on disease symptoms and progress. Findings from animal studies show mechanisms by which Parkinson’s disease, ischemic stroke, autism spectrum disorder, and mood and anxiety disorders could benefit from IF. Future research should disentangle whether positive effects of IF hold true regardless of age or the presence of obesity. Moreover, variations in fasting patterns, total caloric intake, and intake of specific nutrients may be relevant components of IF success. Longitudinal studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) will provide a window into the long-term effects of IF on the development and progress of brain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jip Gudden
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (A.A.V.)
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (A.A.V.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Bloemendaal
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (A.A.V.)
- Correspondence:
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245
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Loss of Sirt6 in adipocytes impairs the ability of adipose tissue to adapt to intermittent fasting. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1298-1306. [PMID: 34493807 PMCID: PMC8492715 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is gaining popularity for its effectiveness in improving overall health, including its effectiveness in achieving weight loss and euglycemia. The molecular mechanisms of IF, however, are not well understood. This study investigated the relationship between adipocyte sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) and the metabolic benefits of IF. Adipocyte-specific Sirt6-knockout (aS6KO) mice and wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) ad libitum for four weeks and then subjected to 12 weeks on a 2:1 IF regimen consisting of two days of feeding followed by one day of fasting. Compared with wild-type mice, aS6KO mice subjected to HFD + IF exhibited a diminished response, as reflected by their glucose and insulin intolerance, reduced energy expenditure and adipose tissue browning, and increased inflammation of white adipose tissue. Sirt6 deficiency in hepatocytes or in myeloid cells did not impair adaptation to IF. Finally, the results indicated that the impaired adipose tissue browning and reduced expression of UCP1 in aS6KO mice were accompanied by downregulation of p38 MAPK/ATF2 signaling. Our findings indicate that Sirt6 in adipocytes is critical to obtaining the improved glucose metabolism and metabolic profiles conferred by IF and that maintaining high levels of Sirt6 in adipocytes may mimic the health benefits of IF.
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246
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Rando TA, Jones DL. Regeneration, Rejuvenation, and Replacement: Turning Back the Clock on Tissue Aging. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040907. [PMID: 34187808 PMCID: PMC8411956 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While some animals, such as planaria and hydra, appear to be capable of seemingly endless cycles of regeneration, most animals experience a gradual decline in fitness and ultimately die. The progressive loss of cell and tissue function, leading to senescence and death, is generally referred to as aging. Adult ("tissue") stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis and facilitate repair; however, age-related changes in stem cell function over time are major contributors to loss of organ function or disease in older individuals. Therefore, considerable effort is being invested in restoring stem cell function to counter degenerative diseases and age-related tissue dysfunction. Here, we will review strategies that could be used to restore stem cell function, including the use of environmental interventions, such as diet and exercise, heterochronic approaches, and cellular reprogramming. Maintaining optimal stem cell function and tissue homeostasis into late life will likely extend the amount of time older adults are able to be independent and lead healthy lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences
- Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - D Leanne Jones
- Departments of Anatomy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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247
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Veldscholte K, Cramer ABG, Joosten KFM, Verbruggen SCAT. Intermittent fasting in paediatric critical illness: The properties and potential beneficial effects of an overnight fast in the PICU. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5122-5132. [PMID: 34461586 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although evidence for the superiority of continuous feeding over intermittent feeding is lacking, in most paediatric intensive care units (PICU) artificial feeding is administered continuously for 24 h per day. Until now, studies in PICU on intermittent feeding have primarily focused on surrogate endpoints such as nutritional intake and gastro-intestinal complaints and none have studied the effects of an extended fasting period. Intermittent fasting has been proven to have many health benefits in both animal and human studies. The observed beneficial effects are based on multiple metabolic and endocrine changes that are presumed crucial in critical illness as well. One key element is the transition to ketone body metabolism, which, among others, contributes to the stimulation of several cellular pathways involved in stress resistance (neuro)plasticity and mitochondrial biogenesis, and might help preserve brain function. Secondly, the fasting state stimulates the activation of autophagy, a process that is crucial for cellular function and integrity. Of the different intermittent fasting strategies investigated, time-restricted feeding with a daily extended fasting period appears most feasible in the PICU. Moreover, planning the fasting period overnight could help maintain the circadian rhythm. Although not investigated, such an overnight intermittent fasting strategy might improve the metabolic profile, feeding tolerance and perhaps even have beneficial effects on tissue repair, reperfusion injury, muscle weakness, and the immune response. Future studies should investigate practical implications in critically ill children and the optimal duration of the fasting periods, which might be affected by the severity of illness and by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlien Veldscholte
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnout B G Cramer
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen F M Joosten
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sascha C A T Verbruggen
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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248
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Time Restricted Feeding Reduces Inflammation and Cortisol Response to a Firegrounds Test in Professional Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:441-447. [PMID: 33928938 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Firefighters are at a heightened risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if time restricted feeding (TRF) can improve the stress/inflammatory response to a simulated firegrounds test (FGT) in professional firefighters. METHODS Thirteen firefighters participated in an 8-week TRF intervention (14:10 [fasting:feeding]) protocol and completed a FGT before and after the intervention. Blood lactate, heart rate, salivary C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), and cortisol were measured pre and post FGT. RESULTS Following TRF, the salivary cortisol response to the FGT was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. Salivary IL-6 and IL-1β were also significantly lower, and CRP was higher following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate lower inflammation and reduced stress response to FGT following TRF and may suggest implications in terms of cardiometabolic benefits for firefighters.
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249
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Ruppert PM, Deng L, Hooiveld GJ, Hangelbroek RW, Zeigerer A, Kersten S. RNA sequencing reveals niche gene expression effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate in primary myotubes. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/10/e202101037. [PMID: 34407998 PMCID: PMC8380668 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing reveals primary myocyte-specific gene-regulatory niche effects for β-hydroxybutyrate but do not support a general signaling of β-hydroxybutyrate role in other primary cells or during cellular differentiation in vitro. Various forms of fasting and ketogenic diet have shown promise in (pre-)clinical studies to normalize body weight, improve metabolic health, and protect against disease. Recent studies suggest that β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), a fasting-characteristic ketone body, potentially acts as a signaling molecule mediating its beneficial effects via histone deacetylase inhibition. Here, we have investigated whether βOHB, in comparison to the well-established histone deacetylase inhibitor butyrate, influences cellular differentiation and gene expression. In various cell lines and primary cell types, millimolar concentrations of βOHB did not alter differentiation in vitro, as determined by gene expression and histological assessment, whereas equimolar concentrations of butyrate consistently impaired differentiation. RNA sequencing revealed that unlike butyrate, βOHB minimally impacted gene expression in primary adipocytes, macrophages, and hepatocytes. However, in myocytes, βOHB up-regulated genes involved in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, while down-regulating genes belonging to cytokine and chemokine signal transduction. Overall, our data do not support the notion that βOHB serves as a powerful signaling molecule regulating gene expression but suggest that βOHB may act as a niche signaling molecule in myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Mm Ruppert
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Jej Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Wj Hangelbroek
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Euretos BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany and Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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250
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Veronda AC, Kline CE, Irish LA. The impact of circadian timing on energy balance: an extension of the energy balance model. Health Psychol Rev 2021; 16:161-203. [PMID: 34387140 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1968310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of the population is classified as having overweight or obesity. One framework which has attempted to explain biobehavioral mechanisms influencing the development of overweight and obesity is the energy balance model. According to this model, the body continually attempts to balance energy intake with energy expenditure. When energy intake and energy expenditure become imbalanced, there is an increase in homeostatic and allostatic pressure, generally to either increase energy intake or decrease energy expenditure, so as to restore energy homeostasis.Recent research has indicated that circadian aspects of energy intake and energy expenditure may influence energy balance. This paper provides a narrative review of existing evidence of the role of circadian timing on components of energy balance. Research on the timing of food intake, physical activity, and sleep indicates that unhealthy timing is likely to increase risk of weight gain. Public health guidelines focus on how much individuals eat and sleep, what foods are consumed, and the type and frequency of exercise, but the field of circadian science has begun to demonstrate that when these behaviors occur may also influence overweight and obesity prevention and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Veronda
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Christopher E Kline
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leah A Irish
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.,Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, ND, USA
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