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Kang HJ, Bae KY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Kim HR, Shin MG, Hong YJ, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Yoon JS, Kim JM. Methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene associated with depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:42-49. [PMID: 30408722 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the longitudinal effects of NR3C1 1 F exon methylation on the risk of depression following ACS and treatment outcomes. METHODS In total, 969 patients admitted for recent ACS were recruited within 2 weeks of ACS; 711 of these patients were followed up at 1 year. Depressive disorder was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and included prevalent depressive disorder at baseline and incident or persistent depressive disorder at follow-up based on depression status at the two examinations. Of the 378 baseline participants who were diagnosed with depression, 255 participated in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram, while the remaining 123 were managed with the usual medical treatment for ACS.NR3C1 1 F exon methylation was measured using peripheral blood samples, and various demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed as covariates. RESULTS Higher NR3C1 1 F exon methylation levels were independently associated with prevalent depressive disorder at baseline but not with incident or persistent depressive disorder at follow-up based on logistic regression analyses adjusted for covariates. The effects of escitalopram on the remission of depressive symptoms was not influenced by NR3C1 1 F exon methylation status in ACS patients, but a placebo effect on the remission of depressive symptoms was observed, particularly in patients with lower methylation levels. CONCLUSIONS ACS patients with higher NR3C1 1 F exon methylation levels were at higher risk of developing depressive disorder within 2 weeks of ACS. Additionally, adequate antidepressant treatment may be effective for the remission of depressive symptoms regardless of NR3C1 1 F exon methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Yeol Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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202
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Hellmann-Regen J, Spitzer C, Kuehl LK, Schultebraucks K, Otte C, Wingenfeld K. Altered cellular immune reactivity in traumatized women with and without major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:1-6. [PMID: 30391558 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis such as altered glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and increased immune reactivity might contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) precipitates vulnerability to MDD and might be associated with endocrine and immune alterations in the disorder. In order to disentangle the effects of ACE and MDD, we recruited 87 women: n = 23 with MDD and ACE as determined by clinical interview and questionnaires (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Early Trauma Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), n = 24 with MDD without ACE, n = 21 with ACE but no current or lifetime MDD, and n = 26 healthy women without either MDD or ACE. Glucocorticoid signaling and mitogen-stimulated proliferation were analyzed ex vivo in peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells. Additionally, mRNA expression of the glucocorticoid and the mineralocorticoid receptor (GR / MR) was assessed. Peripheral GR sensitivity as well as GR and MR expression levels were not significantly different between groups. Women with ACE showed an increased immune response after mitogen stimulation independent of the presence of MDD. Our results provide evidence for a functionally altered ex-vivo immune response in cell cultures from women with a history of ACE. Thus, ACE might contribute to the pathogenesis of MDD through inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hellmann-Regen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Linn K Kuehl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schultebraucks
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Otte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
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203
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Villas Boas GR, Boerngen de Lacerda R, Paes MM, Gubert P, Almeida WLDC, Rescia VC, de Carvalho PMG, de Carvalho AAV, Oesterreich SA. Molecular aspects of depression: A review from neurobiology to treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 851:99-121. [PMID: 30776369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as unipolar depression, is one of the leading causes of disability and disease worldwide. The signs and symptoms are low self‑esteem, anhedonia, feeling of worthlessness, sense of rejection and guilt, suicidal thoughts, among others. This review focuses on studies with molecular-based approaches involving MDD to obtain an integrated, more detailed and comprehensive view of the brain changes produced by this disorder and its treatment and how the Central Nervous System (CNS) produces neuroplasticity to orchestrate adaptive defensive behaviors. This article integrates affective neuroscience, psychopharmacology, neuroanatomy and molecular biology data. In addition, there are two problems with current MDD treatments, namely: 1) Low rates of responsiveness to antidepressants and too slow onset of therapeutic effect; 2) Increased stress vulnerability and autonomy, which reduces the responses of currently available treatments. In the present review, we encourage the prospection of new bioactive agents for the development of treatments with post-transduction mechanisms, neurogenesis and pharmacogenetics inducers that bring greater benefits, with reduced risks and maximized access to patients, stimulating the field of research on mood disorders in order to use the potential of preclinical studies. For this purpose, improved animal models that incorporate the molecular and anatomical tools currently available can be applied. Besides, we encourage the study of drugs that do not present "classical application" as antidepressants, (e.g., the dissociative anesthetic ketamine and dextromethorphan) and drugs that have dual action mechanisms since they represent potential targets for novel drug development more useful for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Roberto Villas Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Roseli Boerngen de Lacerda
- Department of Pharmacology of the Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Caixa. postal 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marina Meirelles Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Luis da Cruz Almeida
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Cristina Rescia
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Pablinny Moreira Galdino de Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Adryano Augustto Valladao de Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Aparecida Oesterreich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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204
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Aromatic constituents from Ganoderma lucidum and their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:58-64. [PMID: 30763720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Five new aromatic compounds, designed as lucidumins A-D (1-4) and lucidimine E (9), along with seven known aromatic compounds (5-8, 10-12) were isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic method. Bioactive evaluation showed that compounds 2-4 and 6-10 displayed remarkable neuroprotective activities against corticosterone-induced PC12 cell damage, with the cell viability ranging from 69.99% to 126.00%; and compounds 1-4, 9 and 10 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values ranging from 4.68 to 15.49 μM. In particular, compound 10 showed remarkable neuroprotection with EC50 value of 2.49 ± 0.12 μM, and potent anti-inflammation with IC50 value of 4.68 ± 0.09 μM.
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205
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Orio L, Alen F, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, García-Bueno B. Oleoylethanolamide, Neuroinflammation, and Alcohol Abuse. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:490. [PMID: 30687006 PMCID: PMC6333756 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex process involved in the physiopathology of many central nervous system diseases, including addiction. Alcohol abuse is characterized by induction of peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation, which hallmark is the activation of innate immunity toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4). In the last years, lipid transmitters have generated attention as modulators of parts of the addictive process. Specifically, the bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which is an endogenous acylethanolamide, has shown a beneficial profile for alcohol abuse. Preclinical studies have shown that OEA is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound that exerts neuroprotective effects in alcohol abuse. Exogenous administration of OEA blocks the alcohol-induced TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory cascade, reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and ultimately, preventing the neural damage in frontal cortex of rodents. The mechanisms of action of OEA are discussed in this review, including a protective action in the intestinal barrier. Additionally, OEA blocks cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior and reduces the severity of withdrawal symptoms in animals, together with the modulation of alcohol-induced depression-like behavior and other negative motivational states associated with the abstinence, such as the anhedonia. Finally, exposure to alcohol induces OEA release in blood and brain of rodents. Clinical evidences will be highlighted, including the OEA release and the correlation of plasma OEA levels with TLR4-dependent peripheral inflammatory markers in alcohol abusers. In base of these evidences we hypothesize that the endogenous release of OEA could be a homeostatic signal to counteract the toxic action of alcohol and we propose the exploration of OEA-based pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orio
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alen
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, IMAS and IUING, Madrid, Spain
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206
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Fan C, Song Q, Wang P, Li Y, Yang M, Yu SY. Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin on IL-1β-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis and Depression-Like Behaviors Caused by Chronic Stress in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 12:516. [PMID: 30666189 PMCID: PMC6330766 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is suggested to be a neuropsychiatric disease resulting from neuroinflammation within specific brain regions. Curcumin, a potential neuroprotective agent extracted from curcuma loga, exerts antidepressant-like effects in various animal models of depression. However, the underlying mechanisms, in particular whether curcumin may exert neuroprotection through suppression of inflammatory pathway activity in depression remains largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the molecular events of curcumin as related to its capacity for neuroprotection against inflammation-induced neuronal apoptosis and depression-like behaviors in a rat model of depression. Our results show that chronic administration of curcumin (40 mg/kg, i.p., 5 weeks) prior to stress exposure significantly alleviated depression-like behaviors, expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inhibited neuronal apoptosis within neurons of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Within the vmPFC of stressed rats, an intracerebral infusion of an RNAi form of IL-1β in adenovirus associated virus (AAV-IL-1β RNAi) significantly ameliorated depression-like behaviors, neuronal apoptosis and reduced phosphorylated-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) expression levels. More important, within the vmPFC of wild type rats, overexpression of IL-1β via intracerebral infusion of AAV-IL-1β induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis, which could be significantly prevented by chronic treatment of curcumin. Collectively, these findings reveal that curcumin protects against IL-1β-induced neuronal apoptosis, which may be related to the display of depression-like behaviors in stressed rats. Moreover, they provide new insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic potential for curcumin in the treatment of inflammation-related neuronal deterioration in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqin Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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207
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Murray KN, Edye ME, Manca M, Vernon AC, Oladipo JM, Fasolino V, Harte MK, Mason V, Grayson B, McHugh PC, Knuesel I, Prinssen EP, Hager R, Neill JC. Evolution of a maternal immune activation (mIA) model in rats: Early developmental effects. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 75:48-59. [PMID: 30218784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (mIA) in rodents is rapidly emerging as a key model for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. Here, we optimise a mIA model in rats, aiming to address certain limitations of current work in this field. Specifically, the lack of clear evidence for methodology chosen, identification of successful induction of mIA in the dams and investigation of male offspring only. We focus on gestational and early juvenile changes in offspring following mIA, as detailed information on these critical early developmental time points is sparse. Following strain (Wistar, Lister Hooded, Sprague Dawley) comparison and selection, and polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) dose selection (2.5-15 mg/kg single or once daily for 5 days), mIA was induced in pregnant Wistar rats with 10 mg/kg poly I:C i.p. on gestational day (GD) 15. Early morphometric analysis was conducted in male and female offspring at GD21 and postnatal day (PD) 21, eight dams for each treatment at each time point were used, 32 in total. Subsequent microglia analysis was conducted at PD21 in a small group of offspring. Poly I:C at 10 mg/kg i.p. induced a robust, but variable, plasma IL-6 response 3 h post-injection and reduced body weight at 6 h and 24 h post-injection in two separate cohorts of Wistar rats at GD15. Plasma IL-6 was not elevated at PD21 in offspring or dams. Poly I:C-induced mIA did not affect litter numbers, but resulted in PD21 pup, and GD21 placenta growth restriction. Poly I:C significantly increased microglial activation at PD21 in male hippocampi. We have identified 10 mg/kg poly I:C i.p on GD15 as a robust experimental approach for inducing mIA in Wistar rats and used this to identify early neurodevelopmental changes. This work provides a framework to study the developmental trajectory of disease-relevant, sex-specific phenotypic changes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie N Murray
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle E Edye
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Manca
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, United Kingdom; King's College London, MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, New Hunt's House, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M Oladipo
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Fasolino
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael K Harte
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Varsha Mason
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Grayson
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick C McHugh
- Centre for Biomarker Research and Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Knuesel
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, 124 Grenzacherstrasse, Basel, CH 4070, Switzerland
| | - Eric P Prinssen
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, 124 Grenzacherstrasse, Basel, CH 4070, Switzerland
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Joanna C Neill
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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208
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Cordeiro RC, Chaves Filho AJM, Gomes NS, Tomaz VDS, Medeiros CD, Queiroz AIDG, Maes M, Macedo DS, Carvalho AF. Leptin Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors in Mice: Involvement of Dopamine Receptors. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:125. [PMID: 30949073 PMCID: PMC6436077 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a chronic and recurrent disorder, associated with high morbidity and risk of suicide. Leptin was firstly described as an anti-obesity hormone, but several actions of leptin in CNS have been reported. In fact, leptin regulates dopaminergic neurotransmission in mesolimbic areas and has antidepressant-like properties in stress-based models. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, putative antidepressant-like effects of leptin in an animal model of depressive-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the potential involvement of dopamine receptors as mediators of those behavioral effects. Mice were injected leptin (1.5 mg/kg, IP) or imipramine prior to LPS administration. To evaluate the involvement of dopamine receptors, different experimental groups were pretreated with either the dopaminergic antagonist SCH23390, for D1 receptors or raclopride, for D2/D3 receptors, prior to leptin injection. Twenty-four hours post-LPS, mice were submitted to the forced swimming and sucrose preference tests. In addition, IL-1β levels were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and striatum. BDNF levels were measured in the hippocampus. Our results showed that leptin, similarly to imipramine, prevented the core behavioral alterations induced by LPS (despair-like behavior and anhedonia), without altering locomotion. In neurochemical analysis, leptin restored LPS-induced changes in IL-1β levels in the PFC and striatum, and increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus. The blockade of dopamine D1 and D2/D3 receptors inhibited leptin's antidepressant-like effects, whilst only the blockade of D1-like receptors blunted leptin-induced increments in prefrontal IL-1β levels. Our results indicate that leptin has antidepressant-like effects in an inflammatory model of depression with the contribution, at least partial, of dopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Carneiro Cordeiro
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Nayana Soares Gomes
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Sousa Tomaz
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Camila Dantas Medeiros
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza, Brazil.,McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana Isabelle de Góis Queiroz
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada
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209
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Caraci F, Calabrese F, Molteni R, Bartova L, Dold M, Leggio GM, Fabbri C, Mendlewicz J, Racagni G, Kasper S, Riva MA, Drago F. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology CIV: The Neurobiology of Treatment-resistant Depression: From Antidepressant Classifications to Novel Pharmacological Targets. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:475-504. [PMID: 29884653 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening forms of mental illnesses and a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Currently available antidepressants are effective for most patients, although around 30% are considered treatment resistant (TRD), a condition that is associated with a significant impairment of cognitive function and poor quality of life. In this respect, the identification of the molecular mechanisms contributing to TRD represents an essential step for the design of novel and more efficacious drugs able to modify the clinical course of this disorder and increase remission rates in clinical practice. New insights into the neurobiology of TRD have shed light on the role of a number of different mechanisms, including the glutamatergic system, immune/inflammatory systems, neurotrophin function, and epigenetics. Advances in drug discovery processes in TRD have also influenced the classification of antidepressant drugs and novel classifications are available, such as the neuroscience-based nomenclature that can incorporate such advances in drug development for TRD. This review aims to provide an up-to-date description of key mechanisms in TRD and describe current therapeutic strategies for TRD before examining novel approaches that may ultimately address important neurobiological mechanisms not targeted by currently available antidepressants. All in all, we suggest that drug targeting different neurobiological systems should be able to restore normal function but must also promote resilience to reduce the long-term vulnerability to recurrent depressive episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caraci
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - F Calabrese
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - R Molteni
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - L Bartova
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - M Dold
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - G M Leggio
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - C Fabbri
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - J Mendlewicz
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - G Racagni
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - S Kasper
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - M A Riva
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
| | - F Drago
- Departments of Drug Sciences (F.Car.) and Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine (G.M.L., F.D.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi-Research-Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy (F.Car.); Departments of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (F.Cal., G.R., M.A.R.) and Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (R.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (L.B., M.D., S.K.); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (C.F.); and School of Medicine, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (J.M.)
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Song Q, Fan C, Wang P, Li Y, Yang M, Yu SY. Hippocampal CA1 βCaMKII mediates neuroinflammatory responses via COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in depression. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:338. [PMID: 30526621 PMCID: PMC6286788 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation has recently emerged as a critical risk factor in the pathophysiology of depression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic strategies as means to target these inflammatory pathways for use in the treatment of depression remain unresolved. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular events of neuroinflammation as related to its induction of depression-like behaviors. Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce depression-like behaviors in rats. The inflammatory factors and related proteins were verified by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence assay. In vivo intracerebral injection of adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) in rats was used to overexpress or block the function of the β form of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (βCaMKII). In vivo intracerebroventricular injection of SB203580 was used to block p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Finally, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration was verified by using enzyme-linked assay kit. Results The expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, which is responsible for production of the pro-inflammatory factor PGE2 and thus glial activation, was increased in the CA1 hippocampus in a rat model of depression. Further, the βCaMKII in CA1 was significantly upregulated in depressed rats, while antidepressant treatment downregulated this kinase. Overexpression of βCaMKII via infusion of a constructed AAV-βCaMKII into the CA1 region resulted in phosphorylation of the p38 MAPK and the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). These effects were accompanied by an enhanced activity of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway and effectively induced core symptoms of depression. Conversely, knockdown of βCaMKII within the CA1 region reversed these inflammation-related biochemical parameters and significantly rescued depression symptoms. Conclusion These results demonstrate that βCaMKII can act as a critical regulator in depression via activating neuroinflammatory pathways within the CA1 region. Moreover, this study provides new perspectives on molecular targets and drug therapies for future investigation in the treatment of depression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1377-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqin Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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211
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Osborne S, Biaggi A, Chua TE, Du Preez A, Hazelgrove K, Nikkheslat N, Previti G, Zunszain PA, Conroy S, Pariante CM. Antenatal depression programs cortisol stress reactivity in offspring through increased maternal inflammation and cortisol in pregnancy: The Psychiatry Research and Motherhood - Depression (PRAM-D) Study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 98:211-221. [PMID: 30033161 PMCID: PMC6215770 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antenatal depression is associated with a broad range of suboptimal outcomes in offspring, although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. Animal studies propose inflammation and glucocorticoids as mediators of the developmental programming effect of prenatal stress on offspring stress responses, but studies in humans are not yet at this stage. Indeed, to date no single study has examined the effects of a rigorously defined, clinically significant Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in pregnancy on maternal antenatal inflammatory biomarkers and hypothalamic-pituitary (HPA) axis, as well as on offspring HPA axis, behavior and developmental outcomes in the first postnatal year. METHODS A prospective longitudinal design was used in 106 women (49 cases vs. 57 healthy controls) to study the effect of MDD in pregnancy and associated antenatal biology (inflammatory and cortisol biomarkers), on offspring stress response (cortisol response to immunization, at 8 weeks and 12 months), early neurobehavior (Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, NBAS, at day 6), and cognitive, language and motor development (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development at 12 months). RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, women with MDD in pregnancy had raised interleukin (IL) IL-6 (effect size (δ) = 0.53, p = 0.031), IL-10 (δ = 0.53, p = 0.043), tumor necrosis factor alpha (δ = 0.90, p = 0.003) and vascular endothelial growth factor (δ = 0.56, p = 0.008), together with raised diurnal cortisol secretion (δ = 0.89, p = 0.006), raised evening cortisol (δ = 0.64, p = 0.004), and blunted cortisol awakening response (δ = 0.70, p = 0.020), and an 8-day shorter length of gestation (δ = 0.70, p = 0.005). Furthermore, they had neonates with suboptimal neurobehavioral function in four out of five NBAS clusters measured (range of δ = 0.45-1.22 and p = 0.049-<0.001) and increased cortisol response to stress at one year of age (δ = 0.87, p < 0.001). Lastly, maternal inflammatory biomarkers and cortisol levels were correlated with infant stress response, suggesting a mechanistic link. CONCLUSION This study confirms and extends the notion that depression in pregnancy is associated with altered offspring behavior and biological stress response, and demonstrates that changes in maternal antenatal stress-related biology are associated with these infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Osborne
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK.
| | - A Biaggi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Psychosis Studies, London, SE5 9AF, UK
| | - T E Chua
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - A Du Preez
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - K Hazelgrove
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Psychosis Studies, London, SE5 9AF, UK
| | - N Nikkheslat
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - G Previti
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK; Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Via Risorgimento 57 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - P A Zunszain
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - S Conroy
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - C M Pariante
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry & Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
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Wilkinson L, Verhoog NJD, Louw A. Disease- and treatment-associated acquired glucocorticoid resistance. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R328-R349. [PMID: 30352419 PMCID: PMC6280593 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) in therapeutic regimens poses a major threat. Generally, GC resistance is congenital or acquired over time as a result of disease progression, prolonged GC treatment or, in some cases, both. Essentially, disruptions in the function and/or pool of the glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) underlie this resistance. Many studies have detailed how alterations in GRα function lead to diminished GC sensitivity; however, the current review highlights the wealth of data concerning reductions in the GRα pool, mediated by disease-associated and treatment-associated effects, which contribute to a significant decrease in GC sensitivity. Additionally, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in driving reductions in the GRα pool is discussed. After highlighting the importance of maintaining the level of the GRα pool to combat GC resistance, we present current strategies and argue that future strategies to prevent GC resistance should involve biased ligands with a predisposition for reduced GR dimerization, a strategy originally proposed as the SEMOGRAM-SEDIGRAM concept to reduce the side-effect profile of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Legh Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Louw:
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Antidepressant-like effect of salidroside and curcumin on the immunoreactivity of rats subjected to a chronic mild stress model. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:604-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Peters AT, Smith RA, Kassel MT, Hagan M, Maki P, Van Meter A, Briceño EM, Ryan KA, Weldon AL, Weisenbach SL, Starkman MN, Langenecker SA. A pilot investigation of differential neuroendocrine associations with fronto-limbic activation during semantically-cued list learning in mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:180-191. [PMID: 30014958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased volume and disrupted function in neural structures essential for memory formation (e.g. medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex) are common among individuals with depression. Hypothalamic-pituitary-axis function, as reflected by measurement of cortisol levels, is linked to neural activity during memory encoding in healthy people. However, it is not as well understood whether cortisol is associated with alterations in fronto-temporal recruitment during memory encoding in depression. METHODS In this pilot study, we evaluated associations between cortisol and neural activation during memory encoding in 62 adults (18-65 years) with mood disorders (MD; n = 39, 66.7% female), including major depression (n = 28) and bipolar I disorder (n = 11), and healthy controls (HC; n = 23, 43.5% female). Participants provided salivary cortisol samples before and after completing a semantically-cued list-learning task during 3-Tesla fMRI. Links between pre-scan cortisol (and cortisol change) and activation during encoding were evaluated using block and event-related models. RESULTS Overall, pre-scan cortisol level was positively associated with greater engagement of fronto-limbic activation during the encoding block. However, in MD, pre-scan cortisol was associated with attenuated activation during encoding in medial frontal, superior and middle temporal gyri, insula, lingual gyrus, and claustrum relative to HCs. Cortisol-related attenuation of activation in MD was also observed during encoding of words subsequently recalled in the ventral anterior cingulate, hypothalamus, and middle temporal gyrus. By and large, cortisol change (pre/post scan) predicted the same pattern of findings in both block and event-related contrasts. LIMITATIONS Although analyses accounted for variations in scanner time of day, circadian alterations in cortisol may have introduced variability into the results. CONCLUSIONS Pre-scan cortisol may selectively interfere with recruitment of important fronto-temporal memory circuitry in mood disorders. The inverted associations between cortisol and neural function in MD relative to HC also elucidate potentially unique pathophysiological markers of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - R A Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - M T Kassel
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - M Hagan
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - P Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - A Van Meter
- Department of Psychiatry Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, USA
| | - E M Briceño
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - K A Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - A L Weldon
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - S L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, USA; VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, USA
| | - M N Starkman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - S A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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Walther A, Cannistraci CV, Simons K, Durán C, Gerl MJ, Wehrli S, Kirschbaum C. Lipidomics in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:459. [PMID: 30374314 PMCID: PMC6196281 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Omic sciences coupled with novel computational approaches such as machine intelligence offer completely new approaches to major depressive disorder (MDD) research. The complexity of MDD's pathophysiology is being integrated into studies examining MDD's biology within the omic fields. Lipidomics, as a late-comer among other omic fields, is increasingly being recognized in psychiatric research because it has allowed the investigation of global lipid perturbations in patients suffering from MDD and indicated a crucial role of specific patterns of lipid alterations in the development and progression of MDD. Combinatorial lipid-markers with high classification power are being developed in order to assist MDD diagnosis, while rodent models of depression reveal lipidome changes and thereby unveil novel treatment targets for depression. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of current breakthroughs and future trends in the field of lipidomics in MDD research and thereby paving the way for precision medicine in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Department of Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Brain Bio-Inspired Computing (BBC) Lab, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Durán
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Department of Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Jaworska-Andryszewska P, Rybakowski JK. Childhood trauma in mood disorders: Neurobiological mechanisms and implications for treatment. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 71:112-120. [PMID: 30544098 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A contemporary model for the pathogenesis of mood disorders (bipolar and depressive disorders) involves gene-environmental interaction, with genetic predisposition, epigenetic regulation, and environmental effects. Among multiple environmental factors, the experience of childhood trauma can be connected with the pathogenesis, course and the treatment of mood disorders. Patients with mood disorders have the greater frequency of childhood trauma compared with the general population, and adverse childhood experiences can exert a negative impact on their clinical course. In this article, the neurobiological mechanisms of childhood trauma are presented. The influence of negative childhood experiences on the central nervous system can result in many structural and functional changes of the brain, including such structures as hippocampus and amygdala, associated with the development of bipolar and depressive illnesses. Interaction of several genes with childhood trauma to produce pathological, clinical phenomena in adulthood has been demonstrated, the most important in this respect being the serotonin transporter gene and the FKBP5 gene playing an important role in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Neurobiological effects can also involve epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation which can exert an effect on brain function over long-term periods. Somatic effects of childhood trauma include disturbances of stress axis and immune-inflammatory mechanisms as well as metabolic dysregulation. Negative childhood experiences may also bear implications for the treatment of mood disorders. In the article, the impact of such experiences on the treatment of mood disorders will be discussed, especially in the context of treatment -resistance to antidepressants and mood-stabilizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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Gustafsson HC, Sullivan EL, Nousen EK, Sullivan CA, Huang E, Rincon M, Nigg JT, Loftis JM. Maternal prenatal depression predicts infant negative affect via maternal inflammatory cytokine levels. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:470-481. [PMID: 29920327 PMCID: PMC6129422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy are associated with risk for offspring emotional and behavioral problems, but the mechanisms by which this association occurs are not known. Infant elevated negative affect (increased crying, irritability, fearfulness, etc.) is a key risk factor for future psychopathology, so understanding its determinants has prevention and early intervention potential. An understudied yet promising hypothesis is that maternal mood affects infant mood via maternal prenatal inflammatory mechanisms, but this has not been prospectively examined in humans. Using data from a pilot study of women followed from the second trimester of pregnancy through six months postpartum (N = 68) our goal was to initiate a prospective study as to whether maternal inflammatory cytokines mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and infant offspring negative affect. The study sample was designed to examine a broad range of likely self-regulation and mood-regulation problems in offspring; to that end we over-selected women with a family history or their own history of elevated symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Results supported the hypothesis: maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines during the third trimester (indexed using a latent variable that included plasma interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations as indicators) mediated the effect, such that higher maternal depressive symptoms were associated with higher maternal inflammation, and this mediated the effect on maternal report of infant negative affect (controlling for maternal affect during the infant period). This is the first human study to demonstrate that maternal inflammatory cytokines mediate the association between prenatal depression and infant outcomes, and the first to demonstrate a biological mechanism through which depressive symptoms impact infant temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna C Gustafsson
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA; Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, USA; University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K Nousen
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Ceri A Sullivan
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Elaine Huang
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Monica Rincon
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Loftis
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, USA.
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218
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A Dual Noradrenergic Mechanism for the Relief of Neuropathic Allodynia by the Antidepressant Drugs Duloxetine and Amitriptyline. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9934-9954. [PMID: 30249798 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1004-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to treating depression, antidepressant drugs are also a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain, which is pain secondary to lesion or pathology of the nervous system. Despite the widespread use of these drugs, the mechanism underlying their therapeutic action in this pain context remains partly elusive. The present study combined data collected in male and female mice from a model of neuropathic pain and data from the clinical setting to understand how antidepressant drugs act. We show two distinct mechanisms by which the selective inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake duloxetine and the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline relieve neuropathic allodynia. One of these mechanisms is acute, central, and requires descending noradrenergic inhibitory controls and α2A adrenoceptors, as well as the mu and delta opioid receptors. The second mechanism is delayed, peripheral, and requires noradrenaline from peripheral sympathetic endings and β2 adrenoceptors, as well as the delta opioid receptors. We then conducted a transcriptomic analysis in dorsal root ganglia, which suggested that the peripheral component of duloxetine action involves the inhibition of neuroimmune mechanisms accompanying nerve injury, including the downregulation of the TNF-α-NF-κB signaling pathway. Accordingly, immunotherapies against either TNF-α or Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) provided allodynia relief. We also compared duloxetine plasma levels in the animal model and in patients and we observed that patients' drug concentrations were compatible with those measured in animals under chronic treatment involving the peripheral mechanism. Our study highlights a peripheral neuroimmune component of antidepressant drugs that is relevant to their delayed therapeutic action against neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In addition to treating depression, antidepressant drugs are also a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain, which is pain secondary to lesion or pathology of the nervous system. However, the mechanism by which antidepressant drugs can relieve neuropathic pain remained in part elusive. Indeed, preclinical studies led to contradictions concerning the anatomical and molecular substrates of this action. In the present work, we overcame these apparent contradictions by highlighting the existence of two independent mechanisms. One is rapid and centrally mediated by descending controls from the brain to the spinal cord and the other is delayed, peripheral, and relies on the anti-neuroimmune action of chronic antidepressant treatment.
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219
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Brunoni AR, Padberg F, Vieira ELM, Teixeira AL, Carvalho AF, Lotufo PA, Gattaz WF, Benseñor IM. Plasma biomarkers in a placebo-controlled trial comparing tDCS and escitalopram efficacy in major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:211-217. [PMID: 29894705 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) holds promise as a therapeutic intervention for major depressive disorder (MDD). A more precise understanding of its underlying mechanisms may aid in the identification of subsets of patients responsive to tDCS within the context of precision psychiatry. OBJECTIVE In this ancillary investigation of the Escitalopram vs. Electrical Current Therapy for Treating Depression Clinical Study (ELECT-TDCS), we investigated whether plasma levels of several cytokines and neurotrophic factors associated with major depression or antidepressant response predicted tDCS effects. METHODS We examined, in 236 patients at 3 timepoints during a 10-week treatment course, plasma levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived (BDNF), glial-cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), the interleukins (IL) IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-33, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and its soluble receptors sTNFr1 and sTNFr2. General linear models and mixed-models analyses of variance were used to respectively assess whether plasma levels of these molecules (1) predicted tDCS antidepressant improvement and (2) changed over time. RESULTS After correction for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate method), NGF baseline levels predicted early depression improvement for tDCS vs. escitalopram, whilst other biomarkers did not significantly predict treatment improvement. The levels of IL12p70, IL10, IL-1ß, IL-8 and sTNFr1 decreased over time, regardless of allocation group and clinical response. CONCLUSION In general, peripheral biomarkers were not associated with the outcome. The post-hoc finding of baseline NGF levels predicting early depression improvement for tDCS should be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R Brunoni
- University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry (INBioN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany.
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Antônio Lucio Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,; Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | | | - Wagner F Gattaz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry (INBioN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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220
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Penz M, Kirschbaum C, Buske-Kirschbaum A, Wekenborg MK, Miller R. Stressful life events predict one-year change of leukocyte composition in peripheral blood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 94:17-24. [PMID: 29751249 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of cross-sectional studies suggest that psychological stress resulting from experiencing stressful life events (SLE) can result in an altered immune response. Potential maladaptive immune changes may outlast the event and affect the organism long after stress cessation. As a consequence, an increased vulnerability for immune-mediated pathologies (e.g. arthritis, diabetes) may develop over the life span. The objective of the present study was to monitor the longitudinal kinetics of peripheral white blood cells (WBCs; neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) in response to SLE. Here we present blood, hair, and behavioural measures obtained in the Dresden Burnout Study, at first visit (T1; N = 446) and one year later (T2; N = 173). Cumulative impact of SLE was assessed at T1 with the Life Stressor Checklist (LSC-R). Results indicate a significant increase in neutrophils (+2.8% per each 10 LSC-R points) between T1 and T2 in association with reported SLE. The change in neutrophils tended to correlate with the change in hair cortisol (Coheńs f = 0.6). We propose that SLE trigger immunological alterations that persist across time and thereby promote a continuous effect on WBC distribution. Such an effect might advance subclinical inflammatory processes, reduce an individualś immune defence, and promote a link between psychological stress and physical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Penz
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Robert Miller
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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221
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Lasselin J, Lekander M, Axelsson J, Karshikoff B. Sex differences in how inflammation affects behavior: What we can learn from experimental inflammatory models in humans. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 50:91-106. [PMID: 29935190 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human models demonstrate that experimental activation of the innate immune system has profound effects on brain activation and behavior, inducing fatigue, worsened mood and pain sensitivity. It has been proposed that inflammation is a mechanism involved in the etiology and maintenance of depression, chronic pain and long-term fatigue. These diseases show a strong female overrepresentation, suggesting that a better understanding of sex differences in how inflammation drives behavior could help the development of individualized treatment interventions. For this purpose, we here review sex differences in studies using experimental inflammatory models to investigate changes in brain activity and behavior. We suggest a model in which inflammation accentuates sex differences in brain networks and pre-existing vulnerability factors. This effect could render women more vulnerable to the detrimental effects of immune-to-brain communication over time. We call for systematic and large scale investigations of vulnerability factors for women in the behavioral response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lasselin
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mats Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianka Karshikoff
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA.
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Kang HJ, Bae KY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Kim HR, Shin MG, Yoon JS, Kim JM. Longitudinal associations between glucocorticoid receptor methylation and late-life depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:56-62. [PMID: 29432878 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation plays a role in the etiology of depression. HPA axis function is mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), which are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation). The association between the DNA methylation of the GR gene (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1; NR3C1) and late-life depression as well as the role of NR3C1 methylation in the prediction of the incidence of depression have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we examined the independent and longitudinal effects of the methylation of three CpG sites in exon 1F of NR3C1 on late-life depression using peripheral blood. In total, 732 Korean community residents aged ≥65 years were assessed; 521 individuals in this group without depression at baseline were followed 2 years later. The Geriatric Mental State Schedule was used to identify depression, and demographic and clinical covariates were evaluated. The effects of NR3C1 methylation (the individual methylation status of three CpG sites and their average values) on current and follow-up depression were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Higher NR3C1 methylation levels at CpG 2 and 3 and the average methylation value were independently associated with the prevalence of depression at baseline. Additionally, a higher NR3C1 methylation level at CpG 2 was associated with depression incidence 2 years later in this population. These findings suggest an association between the methylation of NR3C1 exon 1F, especially at CpG 2, and depression later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yeol Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Bottaccioli AG, Bottaccioli F, Minelli A. Stress and the psyche-brain-immune network in psychiatric diseases based on psychoneuroendocrineimmunology: a concise review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1437:31-42. [PMID: 29762862 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, psychoneuroendocrineimmunology research has made relevant contributions to the fields of neuroscience, psychobiology, epigenetics, molecular biology, and clinical research by studying the effect of stress on human health and highlighting the close interrelations between psyche, brain, and bodily systems. It is now well recognized that chronic stress can alter the physiological cross-talk between brain and biological systems, leading to long-lasting maladaptive effects (allostatic overload) on the nervous, immune, endocrine, and metabolic systems, which compromises stress resiliency and health. Stressful conditions in early life have been associated with profound alterations in cortical and subcortical brain regions involved in emotion regulation and the salience network, showing relevant overlap with different psychiatric conditions. This paper provides a summary of the available literature concerning the notable effects of stress on the brain and immune system. We highlight the role of epigenetics as a mechanistic pathway mediating the influences of the social and physical environment on brain structure and connectivity, the immune system, and psycho-physical health in psychiatric diseases. We also summarize the evidence regarding the effects of stress management techniques (mainly psychotherapy and meditation practice) on clinical outcomes, brain neurocircuitry, and immune-inflammatory network in major psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giulia Bottaccioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Internal Medicine Unit, ICOT Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Bottaccioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Sanita Pubblica Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Minelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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224
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Halaris A. Neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity contribute to neuroprogression in neurological and psychiatric disorders. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2017-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The immune system and inflammatory processes contribute to brain-related pathologies in most, if not all, neurological and psychiatric disorders. Stress is a key factor in inducing immune system dysregulation in conjunction with genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Activation of the immune response can alter neurotransmission leading, among others, to serotonin deficiency, and increased production of neurotoxic substances contributing to disease progression. The concept of neuroprogression is gaining acceptance among clinicians and researches as it seeks to explain the mechanism(s) responsible for disease chronicity, recurrence and treatment resistance. Therefore, measurement of neuroinflammatory biomarkers along with assessment of neurotoxic metabolites, oxidative stress and neuroplasticity impairment, will ultimately be useful tools to predict and possibly prevent the development and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders as well as to identify the most efficacious treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Halaris
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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225
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Ghazizadeh-Hashemi M, Ghajar A, Shalbafan MR, Ghazizadeh-Hashemi F, Afarideh M, Malekpour F, Ghaleiha A, Ardebili ME, Akhondzadeh S. Palmitoylethanolamide as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:127-133. [PMID: 29486338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies provide evidence for antidepressant effects of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in animal models of depression. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of PEA add-on therapy in treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS In a randomized double-blind, and placebo-controlled study, 58 patients with MDD (DSM-5) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score ≥ 19 were randomized to receive either 600 mg twice daily Palmitoylethanolamide or placebo in addition to citalopram for six weeks. Patients were assessed using the HAM-D scale at baseline and weeks 2, 4, and 6. RESULTS Fifty-four individuals completed the trial. At week 2, patients in the PEA group demonstrated significantly greater reduction in HAM-D scores compared to the placebo group (8.30 ± 2.41 vs. 5.81 ± 3.57, P = .004). The PEA group also demonstrated significantly greater improvement in depressive symptoms [F (3, 156) = 3.35, P = .021] compared to the placebo group throughout the trial period. The patients in the PEA group experienced more response rate (≥ 50% reduction in the HAM-D score) than the placebo group (100% vs. 74% respectively, P = .01) at the end of the trial. Baseline parameters and frequency of side effects were not significantly different between the two groups. LIMITATIONS The population size in this study was small and the follow-up period was relatively short. CONCLUSIONS Palmitoylethanolamide adjunctive therapy to citalopram can effectively improve symptoms of patients (predominantly male gender) with major depressive disorder. PEA showed rapid-onset antidepressant effects which need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Ghajar
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Malekpour
- Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Palma-Gudiel H, Córdova-Palomera A, Tornador C, Falcón C, Bargalló N, Deco G, Fañanás L. Increased methylation at an unexplored glucocorticoid responsive element within exon 1 D of NR3C1 gene is related to anxious-depressive disorders and decreased hippocampal connectivity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:579-588. [PMID: 29650294 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the major psychiatric disorders, anxious-depressive disorders stand out as one of the more prevalent and more frequently associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis abnormalities. Methylation at the exon 1F of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 has been associated with both early stress exposure and risk for developing a psychiatric disorder; however, other NR3C1 promoter regions have been underexplored. Exon 1D emerges as a suggestive new target in stress-related disorders epigenetically sensitive to early adversity. After assessment of 48 monozygotic twin pairs (n=96 subjects) informative for lifetime history of anxious-depressive disorders, they were classified as concordant, discordant or healthy in function of whether both, one or neither twin in each pair had a lifetime diagnosis of anxious-depressive disorders. DNA for epigenetic analysis was extracted from peripheral blood. Exon 1F and exon 1D CpG-specific methylation was analysed by means of pyrosequencing technology. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was available for 54 subjects (n=27 twin pairs). Exon 1D CpG-specific methylation within a glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) was correlated with familial burden of anxious-depressive disorders (r=0.35, z=2.26, p=0.02). Right hippocampal connectivity was significantly associated with CpG-specific GRE methylation (β=-2.33, t=-2.85, p=0.01). Exon 1F was uniformly hypomethylated across all subgroups of the present sample. GRE hypermethylation at exon 1D of the NR3C1 gene in monozygotic twins concordant for anxious-depressive disorders suggests this region plays a role in increasing vulnerability to psychosocial stress, partly mediated by altered hippocampal connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Anthropology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biomedicine Institute (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- Anthropology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biomedicine Institute (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Tornador
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falcón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomedicina y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain; BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Image Core facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Medical Image Core facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Hospital Clínico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Anthropology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biomedicine Institute (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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KV A, Madhana RM, JS IC, Lahkar M, Sinha S, Naidu V. Antidepressant activity of vorinostat is associated with amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation in a corticosterone-induced chronic stress model in mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 344:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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228
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Karakula-Juchnowicz H, Gałęcka M, Rog J, Bartnicka A, Łukaszewicz Z, Krukow P, Morylowska-Topolska J, Skonieczna-Zydecka K, Krajka T, Jonak K, Juchnowicz D. The Food-Specific Serum IgG Reactivity in Major Depressive Disorder Patients, Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients and Healthy Controls. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050548. [PMID: 29710769 PMCID: PMC5986428 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing amount of evidence which links the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with food IgG hyperreactivity. Some authors have suggested that food IgG hyperreactivity could be also involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to compare levels of serum IgG against 39 selected food antigens between three groups of participants: patients with MDD (MDD group), patients with IBS (IBS group) and healthy controls (HC group). The study included 65 participants (22 in the MDD group, 22 in the IBS group and 21 in the HC group). Serum IgG levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Medical records, clinical data and laboratory results were collected for the analysis. IgG food hyperreactivity (interpreted as an average of levels of IgG antibodies above 7.5 µg/mL) was detected in 28 (43%) participants, including 14 (64%) from the MDD group, ten (46%) from the IBS group and four (19%) from the HC group. We found differences between extreme IgG levels in MDD versus HC groups and in IBS versus HC groups. Patients with MDD had significantly higher serum levels of total IgG antibodies and IgG against celery, garlic and gluten compared with healthy controls. The MDD group also had higher serum IgG levels against gluten compared with the IBS group. Our results suggest dissimilarity in immune responses against food proteins between the examined groups, with the highest immunoreactivity in the MDD group. Further studies are needed to repeat and confirm these results in bigger cohorts and also examine clinical utility of IgG-based elimination diet in patients with MDD and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mirosława Gałęcka
- Institute of Microecology, Sielska Street 10, 60-129 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rog
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Bartnicka
- Institute of Microecology, Sielska Street 10, 60-129 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Pawel Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Justyna Morylowska-Topolska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Zydecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego Street 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland, .
| | - Tomasz Krajka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka Street 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kamil Jonak
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka Street 38D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing Medical University of Lublin, Szkolna Street 18, 20-124 Lublin, Poland.
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229
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Hoyles L, Snelling T, Umlai UK, Nicholson JK, Carding SR, Glen RC, McArthur S. Microbiome-host systems interactions: protective effects of propionate upon the blood-brain barrier. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:55. [PMID: 29562936 PMCID: PMC5863458 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota composition and function are symbiotically linked with host health and altered in metabolic, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Three recognised mechanisms exist by which the microbiome influences the gut-brain axis: modification of autonomic/sensorimotor connections, immune activation, and neuroendocrine pathway regulation. We hypothesised interactions between circulating gut-derived microbial metabolites, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) also contribute to the gut-brain axis. Propionate, produced from dietary substrates by colonic bacteria, stimulates intestinal gluconeogenesis and is associated with reduced stress behaviours, but its potential endocrine role has not been addressed. RESULTS After demonstrating expression of the propionate receptor FFAR3 on human brain endothelium, we examined the impact of a physiologically relevant propionate concentration (1 μM) on BBB properties in vitro. Propionate inhibited pathways associated with non-specific microbial infections via a CD14-dependent mechanism, suppressed expression of LRP-1 and protected the BBB from oxidative stress via NRF2 (NFE2L2) signalling. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest gut-derived microbial metabolites interact with the BBB, representing a fourth facet of the gut-brain axis that warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hoyles
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Tom Snelling
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Umm-Kulthum Umlai
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon R Carding
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert C Glen
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Ellul P, Mariotti-Ferrandiz E, Leboyer M, Klatzmann D. Regulatory T Cells As Supporters of Psychoimmune Resilience: Toward Immunotherapy of Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurol 2018; 9:167. [PMID: 29615964 PMCID: PMC5869201 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that inflammation plays a role in major depressive disorder (MDD). As the main role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is to control inflammation, this might denote a Treg insufficiency in MDD. However, neither a qualitative nor a quantitative defect of Tregs has been ascertained and no causality direction between inflammation and depression has been established. Here, after reviewing the evidence supporting a relation between Treg insufficiency and MDD, we conclude that a novel therapeutic approach based on Treg stimulation could be valuable in at least the subset of patients with inflammatory MDD. Low-dose interleukin-2 appears to be a good candidate as it is not only a safe stimulator of Tregs in humans but also an inhibitor of pro-inflammatory Th17 lymphocytes. Here, we discuss that a thorough immune investigation as well as immunotherapy will be heuristic for deciphering the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ellul
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Encarnita Mariotti-Ferrandiz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (i2B), Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Team 15, INSERM U955 Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (i2B), Paris, France
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231
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Science and fashion: inflammation and oxidative stress in psychiatry. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:105-106. [PMID: 29362877 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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232
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Brooks SD, Hileman SM, Chantler PD, Milde SA, Lemaster KA, Frisbee SJ, Shoemaker JK, Jackson DN, Frisbee JC. Protection from vascular dysfunction in female rats with chronic stress and depressive symptoms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1070-H1084. [PMID: 29451821 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00647.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and severity of clinical depression are strongly correlated with vascular disease risk, creating a comorbid condition with poor outcomes but demonstrating a sexual disparity whereby female subjects are at lower risk than male subjects for subsequent cardiovascular events. To determine the potential mechanisms responsible for this protection against stress/depression-induced vasculopathy in female subjects, we exposed male, intact female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female lean Zucker rats to the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model for 8 wk and determined depressive symptom severity, vascular reactivity in ex vivo aortic rings and middle cerebral arteries (MCA), and the profile of major metabolites regulating vascular tone. While all groups exhibited severe depressive behaviors from UCMS, severity was significantly greater in female rats than male or OVX female rats. In all groups, endothelium-dependent dilation was depressed in aortic rings and MCAs, although myogenic activation and vascular (MCA) stiffness were not impacted. Higher-resolution results from pharmacological and biochemical assays suggested that vasoactive metabolite profiles were better maintained in female rats with normal gonadal sex steroids than male or OVX female rats, despite increased depressive symptom severity (i.e., higher nitric oxide and prostacyclin and lower H2O2 and thromboxane A2 levels). These results suggest that female rats exhibit more severe depressive behaviors with UCMS but are partially protected from the vasculopathy that afflicts male rats and female rats lacking normal sex hormone profiles. Determining how female sex hormones afford partial vascular protection from chronic stress and depression is a necessary step for addressing the burden of these conditions on cardiovascular health. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study used a translationally relevant model for chronic stress and elevated depressive symptoms to determine how these factors impact conduit and resistance arteriolar function in otherwise healthy rats. While chronic stress leads to an impaired vascular reactivity associated with elevated oxidant stress, inflammation, and reduced metabolite levels, we demonstrated partial protection from vascular dysfunction in female rats with normal sex hormone profiles compared with male or ovariectomized female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Brooks
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Stanley M Hileman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Samantha A Milde
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kent A Lemaster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Dwayne N Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
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233
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Oudin A, Åström DO, Asplund P, Steingrimsson S, Szabo Z, Carlsen HK. The association between daily concentrations of air pollution and visits to a psychiatric emergency unit: a case-crossover study. Environ Health 2018; 17:4. [PMID: 29321054 PMCID: PMC5763570 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Experimental studies, and a few epidemiological studies, suggest that air pollution may cause acute exacerbation of psychiatric disorders, and even increase the rate of suicide attempts, but epidemiological studies on air pollution in association with psychiatric disorders are still few. Our aim was to investigate associations between daily fluctuations in air pollution concentrations and the daily number of visits to a psychiatric emergency unit. METHODS Data from Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, on the daily number of visits to the Psychiatric emergency unit were combined with daily data on monitored concentrations of respirable particulate matter(PM10), ozone(O3), nitrogen dioxides(NO2) and temperature between 1st July 2012 and 31st December 2016. We used a case-crossover design to analyze data with conditional Poisson regression models allowing for over-dispersion. We stratified data on season. RESULTS Visits increased with increasing PM10 levels during the warmer season (April to September) in both single-pollutant and two-pollutant models. For example, an increase of 3.6% (95% Confidence Interval, CI, 0.4-7.0%) was observed with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 adjusted for NO2. In the three-pollutant models (adjusting for NO2 and O3 simultaneously) the increase was 3.3% (95% CI, -0.2-6.9). There were no clear associations between the outcome and NO2, O3, or PM10 during the colder season (October to March). CONCLUSIONS Ambient air particle concentrations were associated with the number of visits to the Psychiatric emergency unit in the warm season. The results were only borderline statistically significant in the fully adjusted (three-pollutant) models in this small study. The observation could be interpreted as indicative of air pollution as either exacerbating an underlying psychiatric disorder, or increasing mental distress, even in areas with comparatively low levels of air pollution. In combination with the severe impact of psychiatric disorders and mental distress on society and individuals, our results are a strong warrant for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oudin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Byggnad 402A, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Oudin Åström
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Asplund
- Psykiatri Affektiva, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steinn Steingrimsson
- Psykiatri Affektiva, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- CELAM - Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Psykiatri Affektiva, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanne Krage Carlsen
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Psykiatri Affektiva, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Environment and Natural Resources, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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234
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Manoliu A, Bosch OG, Brakowski J, Brühl AB, Seifritz E. The potential impact of biochemical mediators on telomere attrition in major depressive disorder and implications for future study designs: A narrative review. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:630-646. [PMID: 28889049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been proposed to represent a "disease of premature aging", which is associated with certain biomarkers of cellular ageing and numerous other age-related diseases. Over the last decade, telomere length (TL) arose as a surrogate for cellular aging. Recent data suggests that TL might be reduced in patients with MDD, however, results are still inconclusive. This might be explained by the lack of assessment of potential biochemical mediators that are directly associated with telomere shortening and frequently observed in patients with MDD. METHODS A narrative review was performed. The PubMed database was searched for relevant studies. RESULTS We identified four major mediators, which are recurrently reported in patients with MDD and are associated with reduced TL: inflammation/oxidative stress, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, metabolic dysbalance including insulin resistance, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These mediators are also mutually associated and were not systematically assessed in current studies investigating TL and MDD, which might explain inconclusive findings across current literature. Finally, we discuss possible ways to assess those mediators and potential implications of such approaches for future research. LIMITATIONS The majority of identified studies had cross-sectional designs and used heterogeneous methods to assess TL and associated relevant biochemical mediators. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the complex interactions between biochemical mediators, somatic comorbidities and shortened telomeres in patients with MDD might further specify the pathophysiology-based conceptualization and, based on that, personalized treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Manoliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver G Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janis Brakowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette B Brühl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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235
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de Punder K, Entringer S, Heim C, Deuter CE, Otte C, Wingenfeld K, Kuehl LK. Inflammatory Measures in Depressed Patients With and Without a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:610. [PMID: 30538644 PMCID: PMC6277546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric condition with different subtypes and etiologies. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is an important risk factor for the development of MDD later in life. Evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory processes may convey this risk as both MDD and ACE have been related to increased levels of inflammation. In the present study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of MDD and ACE on inflammation levels. Methods: Markers of inflammation (plasma interleukin(IL)-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) count and a composite inflammation score (CIS) combining all three) were assessed in 23 MDD patients with ACE, 23 MDD patients without ACE, 21 healthy participants with ACE, and 21 healthy participants without ACE (mean age: 35 ± 11 (SD) years). None of the patients and participants was taking psychotropic medication. ACE was assessed with the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) and was defined as moderate to severe exposure to sexual or physical abuse. Results: Group differences in the different inflammatory measures were observed. MDD patients with ACE showed significantly higher IL-6 concentrations (p = 0.018), higher WBC counts (p = 0.003) and increased general inflammation levels as indicated by the CIS (p = 0.003) compared to healthy controls. In contrast, MDD patients without ACE displayed similar inflammation levels to the control group (p = 0.93). Conclusion: We observed elevated inflammation in MDD patients with a history of ACE, which could indicate a subtype of "inflammatory depression". Accordingly, MDD patients with ACE might potentially benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Punder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Christian E Deuter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Otte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linn K Kuehl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
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Gaspersz R, Lamers F, Wittenberg G, Beekman ATF, van Hemert AM, Schoevers RA, Penninx BWJH. The role of anxious distress in immune dysregulation in patients with major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1268. [PMID: 29217840 PMCID: PMC5802575 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although depression with anxious distress appears to be a clinically relevant subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD), whether it involves specific pathophysiology remains unclear. Inflammation has been implicated, but not comprehensively studied. We examined within a large MDD sample whether anxious distress and related anxiety features are associated with differential basal inflammation and innate cytokine production capacity. Data are from 1078 MDD patients from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. In addition to the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier, we studied various dimensional anxiety scales (e.g. Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology anxiety arousal subscale [IDS-AA], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI], Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire Anxious Arousal scale [MASQ-AA]). The specifier was constructed using five self-report items from the IDS and BAI. Basal inflammatory markers included C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Innate production capacity was assessed by 13 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory markers. Basal and LPS-stimulated inflammation index scores were created. Basal inflammation was not associated with anxious distress (prevalence = 54.3%) in MDD patients, except for a modest positive association for BAI score. However, anxious distress was associated with higher LPS-stimulated levels (interferon-γ, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, TNF-α, LPS-stimulated index). Other anxiety indicators (anxious distress specifier score, BAI, MASQ-AA) were also associated with increased innate production capacity. Within a large MDD sample, the anxious distress specifier was associated with increased innate cytokine production capacity but not with basal inflammation. Results from dimensional anxiety indicators largely confirm these results. These findings provide new insight into the pathophysiology of anxious depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Gaspersz
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Femke Lamers
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gayle Wittenberg
- grid.417429.dJanssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ USA
| | - Aartjan T. F. Beekman
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert M. van Hemert
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A. Schoevers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ,Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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O'Léime CS, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Nuclear deterrents: Intrinsic regulators of IL-1β-induced effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:394-412. [PMID: 28751020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are born and develop into the host circuitry, begins during embryonic development and persists throughout adulthood. Over the last decade considerable insights have been made into the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive function and the cellular mechanisms behind this process. Additionally, an increasing amount of evidence exists on the impact of environmental factors, such as stress and neuroinflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis and subsequent impairments in cognition. Elevated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus is established as a significant contributor to the neuronal demise evident in many neurological and psychiatric disorders and is now known to negatively regulate hippocampal neurogenesis. In order to prevent the deleterious effects of IL-1β on neurogenesis it is necessary to identify signalling pathways and regulators of neurogenesis within neural progenitor cells that can interact with IL-1β. Nuclear receptors are ligand regulated transcription factors that are involved in modulating a large number of cellular processes including neurogenesis. In this review we focus on the signalling mechanisms of specific nuclear receptors involved in regulating neurogenesis (glucocorticoid receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, estrogen receptors, and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 (NR2E1 or TLX)). We propose that these nuclear receptors could be targeted to inhibit neuroinflammatory signalling pathways associated with IL-1β. We discuss their potential to be therapeutic targets for neuroinflammatory disorders affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and associated cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán S O'Léime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
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238
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Robakis TK, Aasly L, Williams KE, Clark C, Rasgon N. Roles of Inflammation and Depression in the Development of Gestational Diabetes. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2017; 4:369-383. [PMID: 30693175 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-017-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, the body's response to harmful external agents, has long been found to be associated with depressive symptoms. The relationship between inflammation and depression is well established in the general population of people with depression, but is less so among perinatal women. Depression in the perinatal period is a common disorder, however available data do not indicate that there is a specific inflammatory picture associated with perinatal depression. We suggest that perinatal depression may be a heterogeneous construct, and that inflammation may be relevant to it in the context of other inflammatory morbidities of pregnancy. In this review we explore the available support for the hypothesis that inflammation associated with depression can represent a precipitating insult for the development of gestational diabetes, a known inflammatory morbidity of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia K Robakis
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Linn Aasly
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | - Claire Clark
- Palo Alto University, Program in Clinical Psychology
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
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239
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Walther A, Waldvogel P, Noser E, Ruppen J, Ehlert U. Emotions and Steroid Secretion in Aging Men: A Multi-Study Report. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1722. [PMID: 29033885 PMCID: PMC5627388 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aging increases the risk of cognitive and socioemotional deterioration, it has also been shown to be accompanied by an increase in experienced positive emotions and a decrease in negative emotions. Steroid hormones and age-related alterations in secretion patterns have been suggested to play a crucial role in these age-related changes in emotional experience. Importantly, previous studies identified effects of neuroactive hormones on age-related alterations in emotional experience, which vary by sex and depression levels. Therefore, in three independent cross-sectional studies including a total of 776 men, we examined age-related differences in emotional experience and subsequently the moderation effect of steroid hormones. Sample one consisted of 271 self-reporting healthy (SRH) men aged between 40 and 75 years, while sample two comprised 121 men in the identical age range but only including vitally exhausted (VE) men. Sample three included 384 men aged between 25 and 78 years who reported having fathered (FA) at least one child. For the SRH men, age was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms and aggression, while negative trends emerged for depressive symptoms. In VE men, age was negatively associated with depressive symptoms and positively associated with aggression and positive emotions. For FA men, anxiety symptoms and aggression were negatively associated with age. Age trends of steroid hormones and identified moderation effects are reported. However, with adjustment for multiple comparisons, most of the significant associations fade and the reported associations need to be regarded as exploratory starting points for the further investigation of age-related alterations in emotional experience and their relation to steroid secretion. Overall, the results indicate that salivary cortisol might be a moderator of the association between age and symptoms of anxiety for SRH and VE men, while salivary testosterone seems to moderate the association between age and symptoms of anxiety or depression in VE and FA men, respectively. Both hair cortisol and progesterone seem to influence age-related alterations in anger experience. Age-related alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis emerge as promising avenues to further investigate the decrease in experienced negative emotions in aging men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patricia Waldvogel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Central European Network on Fatherhood (CENOF), Headquarters at the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilou Noser
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Ruppen
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Central European Network on Fatherhood (CENOF), Headquarters at the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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240
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Ebada ME. Drug repurposing may generate novel approaches to treating depression. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1428-1436. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The breakthrough advancements in scientific medical research have greatly improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of depression, encouraging drug discoverers to take a shorter path than ever through drug repurposing to generate new antidepressant medications. In addition to reduced noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the brain, other coincidence features such as glutamate neurotoxicity, inflammation and/or cerebrovascular insufficiency are implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder and late-life depression. This short review discusses the progress made in repurposing drugs for antidepressant actions.
Key findings
Drugs being repurposed as antidepressants act on novel drug targets, thereby treating resistant depression and improving remission rate. Drugs such as ketamine, dextromethorphan/quinidine and scopolamine are rapidly acting antidepressants targeting glutamate receptors. Nimodipine and quetiapine are efficient add-on therapy for late-life depression. Anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, insulin sensitizers, minocycline could remarkably contribute to treating refractory depression.
Summary
Drug repurposing represents an alternative approach to cope with major obstacles, including financial insufficiency and unavoidable long lag evaluation time, undermining the classical pathway of developing new hit compounds into clinically approved antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsaed Ebada
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
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241
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Breidenstein J, Przyborowski C, Walther A. Commentary: Sex Differences in the Peripheral Immune System in Patients with Depression. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:145. [PMID: 28848457 PMCID: PMC5553013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Walther
- Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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242
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Walther A, Penz M, Ijacic D, Rice TR. Bipolar Spectrum Disorders in Male Youth: The Interplay between Symptom Severity, Inflammation, Steroid Secretion, and Body Composition. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:207. [PMID: 29093685 PMCID: PMC5651281 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and societal burden of youth bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD) are high. These disorders are multisystemic in that adult populations there are clear interactions with inflammatory processes and steroidal physiological systems. There are much less data concerning these areas of study in youth populations with BSD. This is surprising given the association of youth-onset BSD with puberty and its associated physiological changes. In this mini-review, we overview the theoretical role of inflammatory processes and steroidal physiological systems in youth BSD, describe the greater literature in adult populations, detail the literature in youth populations when available, and overview current proposed molecular mechanistic pathways and interaction effects based on the available data. We also attend to the interplay of this complex system with body composition and weight gain, an especially important consideration in relation to the role of second generation antipsychotics as the first line treatment for youth with BSD in major clinical guidelines. A developmental model of early onset BSD for boys is hypothesized with pubertal hormonal changes increasing risk for first (hypo-)manic/depressive episode. The dramatic androgen rise during puberty might be relevant for first onset of BSD in boys. A shift from general hypercortisolism driven by glucocorticoid resistance to hypocortisolism with further disease progression is assumed, while increased levels of inflammation are functionally associated with endocrine dysregulation. The interacting role of overweight body habitus and obesity in youth with BSD further indicates leptin resistance to be a central moderator of the dynamic neurobiology of BSD in youth. The intent of this mini-review is to advance our knowledge of youth BSD as multisystemic disorders with important contributions from endocrinology and immunology based on a developmental perspective. This knowledge can influence current clinical care and more importantly inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Penz
- Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Ijacic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy R Rice
- Department of Psychiatry - Child and Adolescent Inpatient Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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