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Otero F, Magner E. Biosensors-Recent Advances and Future Challenges in Electrode Materials. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3561. [PMID: 32586032 PMCID: PMC7349852 DOI: 10.3390/s20123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors benefit from the simplicity, sensitivity, and rapid response of electroanalytical devices coupled with the selectivity of biorecognition molecules. The implementation of electrochemical biosensors in a clinical analysis can provide a sensitive and rapid response for the analysis of biomarkers, with the most successful being glucose sensors for diabetes patients. This review summarizes recent work on the use of structured materials such as nanoporous metals, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and ordered mesoporous carbon for biosensing applications. We also describe the use of additive manufacturing (AM) and review recent progress and challenges for the use of AM in biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmond Magner
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
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202
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Drabkin M, Yogev Y, Zeller L, Zarivach R, Zalk R, Halperin D, Wormser O, Gurevich E, Landau D, Kadir R, Perez Y, Birk OS. Hyperuricemia and gout caused by missense mutation in d-lactate dehydrogenase. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:5163-5168. [PMID: 31638601 DOI: 10.1172/jci129057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints when plasma uric acid levels are chronically elevated beyond the saturation threshold, mostly due to renal underexcretion of uric acid. Although molecular pathways of this underexcretion have been elucidated, its etiology remains mostly unknown. We demonstrate that gout can be caused by a mutation in LDHD within the putative catalytic site of the encoded d-lactate dehydrogenase, resulting in augmented blood levels of d-lactate, a stereoisomer of l-lactate, which is normally present in human blood in miniscule amounts. Consequent excessive renal secretion of d-lactate in exchange for uric acid reabsorption culminated in hyperuricemia and gout. We showed that LDHD expression is enriched in tissues with a high metabolic rate and abundant mitochondria and that d-lactate dehydrogenase resides in the mitochondria of cells overexpressing the human LDHD gene. Notably, the p.R370W mutation had no effect on protein localization. In line with the human phenotype, injection of d-lactate into naive mice resulted in hyperuricemia. Thus, hyperuricemia and gout can result from the accumulation of metabolites whose renal excretion is coupled to uric acid reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Drabkin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the Faculty of Health Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuval Yogev
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the Faculty of Health Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lior Zeller
- Division of Internal Medicine, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences and.,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ran Zalk
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Halperin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the Faculty of Health Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad Wormser
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the Faculty of Health Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Evgenia Gurevich
- Rahat Children's Health Center, Clalit Health Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Landau
- Department of Pediatrics B and Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Kadir
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the Faculty of Health Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonatan Perez
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the Faculty of Health Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the Faculty of Health Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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203
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Modulation of Endothelial Glycocalyx and Microcirculation in Healthy Young Men during High-Intensity Sprint Interval Cycling-Exercise by Supplementation with Pomegranate Extract. A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124405. [PMID: 32575441 PMCID: PMC7344862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The natural components of the pomegranate fruit may provide additional benefits for endothelial function and microcirculation. It was hypothesized that supplementation with pomegranate extract might improve glycocalyx properties and microcirculation during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling exercise. Eighteen healthy and recreationally active male volunteers 22-28 years of age were recruited randomly to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was supplemented with pomegranate extract 20 mL (720 mg phenolic compounds) for two weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, the participants completed a high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise protocol. The microcirculation flow and density parameters, glycocalyx markers, systemic hemodynamics, lactate, and glucose concentration were evaluated before and after the initial and repeated (after 2 weeks supplementation) exercise bouts. There were no significant differences in the microcirculation or glycocalyx over the course of the study (p < 0.05). The lactate concentration was significantly higher in both groups after the initial and repeated exercise bouts, and were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group after the repeated bout: 13.2 (11.9-14.8) vs. 10.3 (9.3-12.7) mmol/L, p = 0.017. Two weeks of supplementation with pomegranate extract does not influence changes in the microcirculation and glycocalyx during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise. Although an unexplained rise in blood lactate concentration was observed.
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204
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Valiente-Pallejà A, Torrell H, Alonso Y, Vilella E, Muntané G, Martorell L. Increased blood lactate levels during exercise and mitochondrial DNA alterations converge on mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 220:61-68. [PMID: 32327316 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and an elevation of lactate are observed in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). However, it is unknown whether mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations and comorbid clinical conditions. We aimed to identify systemic mitochondrial abnormalities in blood samples of patients with SZ that may have a high impact on the brain due to its high bioenergetic requirements. METHODS Case/control study between 57 patients with SZ and 33 healthy controls (HCs). We measured lactate levels at baseline, during 15 min of exercise (at 5, 10 and 15 min) and at rest. We also evaluated the presence of clinical conditions associated with mitochondrial disorders (CAMDs), measured the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, a subclinical inflammatory marker), and analyzed mtDNA variation and copy number. RESULTS Linear models adjusting for covariates showed that patients with SZ exhibited higher elevation of lactate than HCs during exercise but not at baseline or at rest. In accordance, patients showed higher number of CAMDs and lower mtDNA copy number. Interestingly, CAMDs correlated with both lactate levels and mtDNA copy number, which in turn correlated with the NLR. Finally, we identified 13 putative pathogenic variants in the mtDNA of 11 participants with SZ not present in HCs, together with a lactate elevation during exercise that was significantly higher in these 11 carriers than in the noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with systemic mitochondrial malfunctioning in SZ and pinpoint lactate metabolism and mtDNA as targets for potential therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Valiente-Pallejà
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helena Torrell
- Center for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures, Reus, Spain, 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Alonso
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Muntané
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Martorell
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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205
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Lopes JSS, de Magalhães Neto AM, de Almeida AC, Alves PRL, Silva EL, de Abreu Verli MV, Andrade CMB. Hematological parameters in champion of Brazilian jiu-jitsu paradesport: Case study. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14435. [PMID: 32558349 PMCID: PMC7298728 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of biochemical and immunological parameters investigated in the field conditions in athletes is important to influence in the management of recovery and disease prevention as well as, to support the training program, as well as to improve the physical conditioning associated with health and performance. However, for amputee athletes, Brazilian jiu-jitsu paradesport practitioners, there are no published data to date. Thus, the objective of this case study was to quantify the magnitude of biochemical, hematological, and urinary alterations after a simulated fight session in elite athlete with world titles. Outcomes were obtained through blood analysis of samples collected at four different moments (M1-fasting; M2-1.5 hr after caloric intake; M3-Immediately after the simulated fight; M4-24 hr after the simulated fight). Responses triggered by the simulated fight between baseline and after 24 hr were found to increase in monocyte (100%), neutrophil (20%), and insulin (57%) concentrations, while reductions were observed in eosinophils (-50%), lymphocytes (-26.6%), platelets (-22%), cortisol (-50%), and creatine phosphokinase (-45.2%). After 24 hr lactate values returned to baseline levels. The different changes in biochemical and hematological parameters observed constitute responses to acute physical exercise and were according to the level of the high performance athlete. From these data it will be possible to evaluate the periodization, training load, and recovery techniques according to the individual response verified. In addition, these data may be used for comparison purposes within this specific sport, whose literature is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline S. S. Lopes
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFTM)Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGSC)CuiabáMTBrazil
| | | | - Aline C. de Almeida
- Departament of Physical TherapyFederal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR)São CarlosSPBrazil
| | - Paulo R. L. Alves
- Fundação de Apoio à Escola TécnicaEscola Técnica Estadual Visconde de MauáRio de Janeiro ‐ RJBrazil
| | - Elcirley L. Silva
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFTM)Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGSC)CuiabáMTBrazil
| | - Márcio V. de Abreu Verli
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFTM)Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGSC)CuiabáMTBrazil
| | - Claudia M. B. Andrade
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFTM)Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGSC)CuiabáMTBrazil
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206
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de Pontes LG, Altei WF, Galan A, Bilić P, Guillemin N, Kuleš J, Horvatić A, Ribeiro LNDM, de Paula E, Pereira VBR, Lucheis SB, Mrljak V, Eckersall PD, Ferreira RS, Dos Santos LD. Extracellular vesicles in infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites in buffaloes. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20190067. [PMID: 32528536 PMCID: PMC7262785 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles of growing interest in vetetinary parasitology. The aim of the present report was to provide the first isolation, quantification and protein characterization of EVs from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sera infected with Theileria spp. Methods Infected animals were identified through optical microscopy and PCR. EVs were isolated from buffalo sera by size-exclusion chromatography and characterized using western blotting analysis, nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the proteins from isolated vesicles were characterized by mass spectrometry. Results EVs from buffalo sera have shown sizes in the 124-140 nm range and 306 proteins were characterized. The protein-protein interaction analysis has evidenced biological processes and molecular function associated with signal transduction, binding, regulation of metabolic processes, transport, catalytic activity and response to acute stress. Five proteins have been shown to be differentially expressed between the control group and that infected with Theileria spp., all acting in the oxidative stress pathway. Conclusions EVs from buffaloes infected with Theileria spp. were successfully isolated and characterized. This is an advance in the knowledge of host-parasite relationship that contributes to the understanding of host immune response and theileriosis evasion mechanisms. These findings may pave the way for searching new EVs candidate-markers for a better production of safe biological products derived from buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Gomes de Pontes
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Fernanda Altei
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Asier Galan
- ERA Chair Team (VetMedZg), Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Bilić
- ERA Chair Team (VetMedZg), Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicolas Guillemin
- ERA Chair Team (VetMedZg), Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Kuleš
- ERA Chair Team (VetMedZg), Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Horvatić
- ERA Chair Team (VetMedZg), Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lígia Nunes de Morais Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vladimir Mrljak
- ERA Chair Team (VetMedZg), Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- ERA Chair Team (VetMedZg), Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, UK
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Clinical Research, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Clinical Research, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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207
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Effect of temperature on 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)-induced metabolome disruption in primary mouse hepatic cells. Toxicology 2020; 441:152503. [PMID: 32470494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is one of the most popular cathinone derivatives worldwide and has recently been associated with several intoxications and deaths, in which, similarly to amphetamines, hyperthermia appears to play a prominent role. However, there remains a huge information gap underlying the mechanisms associated with its hepatotoxicity, namely under hyperthermic conditions. Here, we use a sensitive untargeted metabolomic approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the effect of subtoxic and toxic concentrations of MDPV on the metabolic profile of primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH), under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. For this purpose, hepatocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of MDPV (LC01, LC10 and LC30) for 24 h, at 37 °C or 40.5 °C, and alterations on both intracellular metabolome and extracellular volatilome were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed a clear separation between MDPV exposed cells and control cells in normothermic conditions, even at subtoxic concentrations (LC01 and LC10). In normothermia, there was a significant dysregulation of pathways associated with ascorbate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and pyruvate metabolism. These metabolic changes were significantly increased at 40.5 °C, and several other pathways appear to be affected with the evolution of toxicity caused by MDPV under hyperthermic conditions, namely aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine and tyrosine biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, among others. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of hepatotoxicity triggered by MDPV and highlight the higher risks that may occur under hyperthermic conditions.
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208
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Meegada S, Muppidi V, Siddamreddy S, Challa T, Katta SK. Albuterol-Induced Type B Lactic Acidosis: Not an Uncommon Finding. Cureus 2020; 12:e8269. [PMID: 32494543 PMCID: PMC7263006 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acidosis (LA) is usually a medical emergency diagnosed by laboratory evaluation in emergency rooms (ERs) and hospital settings in critically ill patients. LA is classified into two major types based on pathophysiology; type A results from tissue hypoxia and/or hypoperfusion and type B results from deranged metabolic activity in the cells in the absence of hypoxia/hypoperfusion. Prompt evaluation and treatment are essential to prevent morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with type A LA. Most cases of LA are due to type A (hypoperfusion/hypoxia). However, with increased testing of lactic acid levels in ERs and hospitals, we are encountering a few cases of type B LA as well. Diagnosing the exact type is crucial because of differences in management. We here describe a patient with albuterol-induced type B LA, which resolved after discontinuing the albuterol breathing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Meegada
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center/Christus Good Shepherd Medical Center, Longview, USA
| | | | | | - Tejo Challa
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center/Christus Good Shepherd Medical Center, Longview, USA
| | - Shravan K Katta
- Internal Medicine, Texas Health Arlington Memorial Hospital, Arlington, USA.,Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Arlington, USA
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209
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Kistner S, Rist MJ, Döring M, Dörr C, Neumann R, Härtel S, Bub A. An NMR-Based Approach to Identify Urinary Metabolites Associated with Acute Physical Exercise and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Humans-Results of the KarMeN Study. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050212. [PMID: 32455749 PMCID: PMC7281079 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on metabolites distinguishing the metabolic response to acute physical exercise between fit and less fit individuals could clarify mechanisms and metabolic pathways contributing to the beneficial adaptations to exercise. By analyzing data from the cross-sectional KarMeN (Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition) study, we characterized the acute effects of a standardized exercise tolerance test on urinary metabolites of 255 healthy women and men. In a second step, we aimed to detect a urinary metabolite pattern associated with the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), which was determined by measuring the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) during incremental exercise. Spot urine samples were collected pre- and post-exercise and 47 urinary metabolites were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. While the univariate analysis of pre-to-post-exercise differences revealed significant alterations in 37 urinary metabolites, principal component analysis (PCA) did not show a clear separation of the pre- and post-exercise urine samples. Moreover, both bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression analyses revealed only weak relationships between the VO2peak and single urinary metabolites or urinary metabolic pattern, when adjusting for covariates like age, sex, menopausal status, and lean body mass (LBM). Taken as a whole, our results show that several urinary metabolites (e.g., lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and acetate) reflect acute exercise-induced alterations in the human metabolism. However, as neither pre- and post-exercise levels nor the fold changes of urinary metabolites substantially accounted for the variation of the covariate-adjusted VO2peak, our results furthermore indicate that the urinary metabolites identified in this study do not allow to draw conclusions on the individual's physical fitness status. Studies investigating the relationship between the human metabolome and functional variables like the CRF should adjust for confounders like age, sex, menopausal status, and LBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kistner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (R.N.); (S.H.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-721-608-46981
| | - Manuela J. Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Maik Döring
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Claudia Dörr
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Rainer Neumann
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (R.N.); (S.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Sascha Härtel
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (R.N.); (S.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Achim Bub
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (R.N.); (S.H.); (A.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (M.J.R.); (M.D.); (C.D.)
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210
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Geraets IME, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP, Nabben M. Pivotal role of membrane substrate transporters on the metabolic alterations in the pressure-overloaded heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1000-1012. [PMID: 30938418 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pressure overload (PO), such as caused by aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension, commonly results in cardiac hypertrophy and may lead to the development of heart failure. PO-induced heart failure is among the leading causes of death worldwide, but its pathological origin remains poorly understood. Metabolic alterations are proposed to be an important contributor to PO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure. While the healthy adult heart mainly uses long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and glucose as substrates for energy metabolism and to a lesser extent alternative substrates, i.e. lactate, ketone bodies, and amino acids (AAs), the pressure-overloaded heart is characterized by a shift in energy metabolism towards a greater reliance on glycolysis and alternative substrates. A key-governing kinetic step of both FA and glucose fluxes is at the level of their substrate-specific membrane transporters. The relative presence of these transporters in the sarcolemma determines the cardiac substrate preference. Whether the cardiac utilization of alternative substrates is also governed by membrane transporters is not yet known. In this review, we discuss current insight into the role of membrane substrate transporters in the metabolic alterations occurring in the pressure-overloaded heart. Given the increasing evidence of a role for alternative substrates in these metabolic alterations, there is an urgent need to disclose the key-governing kinetic steps in their utilization as well. Taken together, membrane substrate transporters emerge as novel targets for metabolic interventions to prevent or treat PO-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilvy M E Geraets
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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211
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Bartkiene E, Bartkevics V, Pugajeva I, Borisova A, Zokaityte E, Lele V, Sakiene V, Zavistanaviciute P, Klupsaite D, Zadeike D, Özogul F, Juodeikiene G. Challenges Associated with Byproducts Valorization-Comparison Study of Safety Parameters of Ultrasonicated and Fermented Plant-Based Byproducts. Foods 2020; 9:E614. [PMID: 32403256 PMCID: PMC7278600 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to promote the efficient use of byproducts from the production of plant-based beverages, which still contain a large amount of nutritional and functional compounds, microbiological and chemical safety characteristics should be evaluated and, if needed, improved. Many challenges are associated with byproducts valorization, and the most important ones, which should be taken into account at the further steps of valorization, are biological and chemical safety. For safety improving, several technological treatments (biological, physical etc.) can be used. In this study, the influence of low-frequency ultrasonication (US) and fermentation with Lactobacillus casei LUHS210 strain, as physical and biotechnological treatments, on the safety characteristics of the byproducts (BYs) from the processing of rice, soy, almond, coconut, and oat drinks was compared. Ultrasonication, as well as fermentation, effectively improved the microbiological safety of BYs. Ultrasonication and fermentation reduced the concentration of deoxynivalenol, on average, by 24% only in soy BYs. After fermentation, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol was formed in all samples (<12 µg kg-1), except for soy BYs. The lowest total biogenic amines content was found in fermented rice BYs and ultrasonicated coconut BYs. When comparing untreated and fermented BYs, significant changes in macro- and micro-elements content were found. Ultrasonication at 37 kHz did not significantly influence the concentrations of macro- and micro-elements, while fermentation affected most of the essential micro-elements. Consequently, while ultrasonication and fermentation can enhance the safety of BYs, the specific effects must be taken into account on biogenic amines, mycotoxins, and micro and macro elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.L.); (V.S.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Centre of Food Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (I.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Iveta Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (I.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Anastasija Borisova
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (I.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.L.); (V.S.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Vita Lele
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.L.); (V.S.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Sakiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.L.); (V.S.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Zavistanaviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.L.); (V.S.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.Z.); (V.L.); (V.S.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Daiva Zadeike
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.Z.); (G.J.)
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, The University of Cukurova, Balcali, Saricam, 01330 Adana, Turkey;
| | - Grazina Juodeikiene
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.Z.); (G.J.)
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212
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Yamada Y, Sakamoto S, Rii J, Yamamoto S, Kamada S, Imamura Y, Nakamura K, Komiya A, Nakatsu H, Ichikawa T. Prognostic value of an inflammatory index for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:559-569. [PMID: 32134137 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory process has been reported to be involved in the formation and progression of various types of cancer. Recently, a peripheral inflammatory index, combining the derived neutrophils/(leukocytes minus neutrophils) ratio (dNLR) and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, was proposed as a useful prognostic marker in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. The prognostic value of inflammatory markers in prostate cancer has not been established. We aimed to validate the prognostic significance of this peripheral inflammatory index in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). METHODS Clinical data of 196 mCRPC patients were retrospectively collected from multiple institutions. Clinical factors and inflammatory markers at the development of CRPC, including white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, dNLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP), and LDH levels, were evaluated. The patients were classified into three groups based on the inflammatory index: Good (low dNLR and LDH), Intermediate (high dNLR or LDH), and Poor (high dNLR and LDH). Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival after CRPC were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS The median age and baseline prostate-specific antigen level were 75 years and 397.15 ng/mL, respectively. On multivariate analysis, dNLR (≥1.51; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.624; P = .0173), LDH (≥upper limit of normal; HR = 2.065; P = .0004), alkaline phosphatase (≥310 U/L; HR = 2.546; P < .0001), and positive N stage (HR = 1.621; P = .048) were associated with poor OS after CRPC, whereas other inflammatory markers including the NLR were not. The Good inflammatory index group showed significantly longer OS after CRPC compared to the Intermediate and Poor groups, with median survivals of 46.2, 28.9, and 16.6 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The novel inflammatory index combining dNLR and LDH was a useful prognostic parameter in patients with mCRPC. Our analysis suggested that dNLR emerged as a more valuable prognostic marker than NLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junryo Rii
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Komiya
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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213
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Müller P, Duderstadt Y, Lessmann V, Müller NG. Lactate and BDNF: Key Mediators of Exercise Induced Neuroplasticity? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041136. [PMID: 32326586 PMCID: PMC7230639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies supports the notion that physical exercise can enhance neuroplasticity and thus reduce the risk of several neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., dementia). However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of exercise induced neuroplasticity are still largely unknown. One potential mediator of exercise effects is the neurotrophin BDNF, which enhances neuroplasticity via different pathways (e.g., synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, long-term potentiation). Current research has shown that (i) increased peripheral lactate levels (following high intensity exercise) are associated with increased peripheral BDNF levels, (ii) lactate infusion at rest can increase peripheral and central BDNF levels and (iii) lactate plays a very complex role in the brain’s metabolism. In this review, we summarize the role and relationship of lactate and BDNF in exercise induced neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Duderstadt
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (N.G.M.)
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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214
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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Quesada-Vázquez S, Mariné-Casadó R, Gil Cardoso K, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Escoté X, Baselga-Escudero L. Detection of Early Disease Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A New Era with the NMR Metabolomics Assessment. Nutrients 2020; 12:E806. [PMID: 32197513 PMCID: PMC7146483 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease developed due to accumulation and chronification of several risk factors associated with disrupted metabolism. The early detection of the biomarkers by NMR spectroscopy could be helpful to prevent multifactorial diseases. The exposure of each risk factor can be detected by traditional molecular markers but the current biomarkers have not been enough precise to detect the primary stages of disease. Thus, there is a need to obtain novel molecular markers of pre-disease stages. A promising source of new molecular markers are metabolomics standing out the research of biomarkers in NMR approaches. An increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study design, making nutrimetabolomics one of the most promising avenues for improving personalized nutrition. This review highlight the major five risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and related diseases including carbohydrate dysfunction, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, it is proposed a profile of metabolites of each risk factor obtained from NMR approaches to target them using personalized nutrition, which will improve the quality of life for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ctra. De Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil Cardoso
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ctra. De Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
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215
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Ryan
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Todd K Rosengart
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
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216
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Calcium mishandling in absence of primary mitochondrial dysfunction drives cellular pathology in Wolfram Syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4785. [PMID: 32179840 PMCID: PMC7075867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a recessive multisystem disorder defined by the association of diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, reminiscent of mitochondrial diseases. The role played by mitochondria remains elusive, with contradictory results on the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction. We evaluated 13 recessive WS patients by deep clinical phenotyping, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), serum lactic acid at rest and after standardized exercise, brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and brain and muscle Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Finally, we investigated mitochondrial bioenergetics, network morphology, and calcium handling in patient-derived fibroblasts. Our results do not support a primary mitochondrial dysfunction in WS patients, as suggested by MRS studies, OCT pattern of retinal nerve fiber layer loss, and, in fibroblasts, by mitochondrial bioenergetics and network morphology results. However, we clearly found calcium mishandling between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, which, under specific metabolic conditions of increased energy requirements and in selected tissue or cell types, may turn into a secondary mitochondrial dysfunction. Critically, we showed that Wolframin (WFS1) protein is enriched at mitochondrial-associated ER membranes and that in patient-derived fibroblasts WFS1 protein is completely absent. These findings support a loss-of-function pathogenic mechanism for missense mutations in WFS1, ultimately leading to defective calcium influx within mitochondria.
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217
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Smith FC, Stocker SL, Danta M, Carland JE, Kumar SS, Liu Z, Greenfield JR, Braithwaite HE, Cheng TS, Graham GG, Williams KM, Day RO. The safety and pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with chronic liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 51:565-575. [PMID: 31960986 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FDA approved 'label' for metformin lists hepatic insufficiency as a risk for lactic acidosis. Little evidence supports this warning. AIMS To investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS Chronic liver disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were studied by a cross-sectional survey of patients already prescribed metformin (n = 34), and by a prospective study where metformin (500 mg, immediate release, twice daily) for up to 6 weeks was prescribed (n = 24). Plasma metformin and lactate concentrations were monitored. Individual pharmacokinetics were obtained and compared to previously published values from healthy and T2DM populations without CLD. RESULTS All plasma metformin and lactate concentrations remained below the putative safety thresholds (metformin, 5 mg/L; lactate, 5 mmol/L). Lactate concentrations were unrelated to average steady-state metformin concentrations. In patients with CLD, T2DM was associated with higher plasma lactate concentrations (48% higher than those without T2DM, P < 0.0001). CLD patients with cirrhosis had 23% higher lactate concentrations than those without cirrhosis (P = 0.01). The pharmacokinetics of metformin in CLD patients were similar to patients with T2DM and no liver disease. The ratio of apparent metformin clearance (CLMet /F) to creatinine clearance was marginally lower in CLD patients compared to healthy subjects (median, interquartile range; 12.6, 9.5-15.9 vs 14.9, 13.4-16.4; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetics of metformin are not altered sufficiently in CLD patients to raise concerns regarding unsafe concentrations of metformin. There were no unsafe plasma lactate concentrations observed in CLD patients receiving metformin (ACTRN12619001292167; ACTRN12619001348145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity C Smith
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie L Stocker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane E Carland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun S Kumar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Stats Central, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jerry R Greenfield
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah E Braithwaite
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim S Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Garry G Graham
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth M Williams
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard O Day
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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218
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Wu T, Hsu FC, Wang S, Luong D, Pierce JP. Hemoglobin A1c Levels Modify Associations between Dietary Acid Load and Breast Cancer Recurrence. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020578. [PMID: 32102184 PMCID: PMC7071352 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic acidosis promotes cancer metastasis. No prospective studies have examined the association between dietary acid load and breast cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors, who are susceptible to metabolic acidosis. Hyperglycemia promotes cancer progression and acid formation; however, researchers have not examined whether hyperglycemia can modify the association between dietary acid load and breast cancer recurrence. METHODS We studied 3081 early-stage breast cancer survivors enrolled in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living study who provided dietary information through 24-h recalls at baseline and during follow-up and had measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at baseline. We assessed dietary acid load using two common dietary acid load scores, potential renal acid load (PRAL) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score. RESULTS After an average of 7.3 years of follow-up, dietary acid load was positively associated with recurrence when baseline HbA1c levels were ≥ 5.6% (median level) and ≥5.7% (pre-diabetic cut-point). In the stratum with HbA1c ≥ 5.6%, comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of dietary acid load, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio was 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-3.48) for PRAL and was 2.31 (95% CI 1.42-3.74) for NEAP. No associations were observed in the stratum with HbA1c levels were <5.6%. P-values for interactions were 0.01 for PRAL and 0.05 for NEAP. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated for the first time that even at or above normal to high HbA1c levels, dietary acid load was associated with increased risk of breast cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors. IMPACTS Our study provides strong evidence for developing specific dietary acid load guidelines based on HbA1c levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
- Morres Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +619-594-0969
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Shunran Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - David Luong
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - John P. Pierce
- Morres Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
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219
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Kędziora A, Wierzbicki K, Piątek J, Hymczak H, Górkiewicz-Kot I, Milaniak I, Tomsia P, Sobczyk D, Drwila R, Kapelak B. Postoperative hyperlactatemia and serum lactate level trends among heart transplant recipients. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8334. [PMID: 32071799 PMCID: PMC7007971 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced heart failure (HF), that affects 10% of the HF population, is associated with high mortality rate, meeting 50% at 1-year from diagnosis. For these individuals, heart transplantation (HTX) remains the ultimate and the gold-standard treatment option. Serum lactate level measurements has been proven useful for determining the outcome following other cardiac surgeries and among critically ill patients. Increased serum lactate levels are expected following HTX; however, no detailed analysis has been yet performed in this population. The research aims to estimate the prevalence of hyperlactatemia and describe early postoperative serum lactate level trends among heart transplant recipients. Materials and Methods Forty-six consecutive patients, who underwent HTX between 2010 and 2015, were enrolled into the retrospective analysis. Serum lactate level measurements within first 48 hours post-HTX were obtained every 6 hours from routinely conducted arterial blood gas analyses. The threshold for hyperlactatemia was considered at >1.6 mmol/L, according to upper limit of normal, based on internal laboratory standardization. The highest observed measurement within the observation, regardless of the time point of observation was determined for each patient individually and was appointed as Peak Value. Results Consecutively measured serum lactate levels differed in time (p = 0.000), with the initial increase and subsequent decrease of the values (4.3 vs. 1.9 mmol/l; p = 0.000). The increase from the baseline level to the Peak Value was statistically significant (4.3 vs. 7.0 mmol/l; p = 0.000). Various serum lactate level trends were identified, with one or more hyperlactatemia episodes. Eventually, 50% of the individuals had normal serum lactate levels at the end of the study, and hyperlactatemia was observed in the other half. Conclusions Throughout the observation, all of the patients experienced at least one episode of hyperlactatemia, with the median Peak Value of 7.0 (4.5–8.4) mmol/L. Various serum lactate level trends can be identified in post-HTX patients. Further research is required to determine the clinical usefulness of newly reported serum lactate level trends among heart transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kędziora
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karol Wierzbicki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Piątek
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hubert Hymczak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Górkiewicz-Kot
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Irena Milaniak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza-Modrzewskiego, Kraków, Polska
| | - Paulina Tomsia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Sobczyk
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafal Drwila
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Kapelak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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220
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Dong W, Moon SJ, Kelleher JK, Stephanopoulos G. Dissecting Mammalian Cell Metabolism through 13C- and 2H-Isotope Tracing: Interpretations at the Molecular and Systems Levels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sun Jin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joanne K. Kelleher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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221
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Suljević D, Šiljak A, Fočak M. Different outcomes of methadone maintenance therapy in rehabilitated and relapsed drug addicts: significance of liver and renal biomarkers. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:470-475. [PMID: 32013636 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1722157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methadone eliminates heroin use, reduces death rates and criminality associated with heroin use, and improves patients' health and social productivity. This study included long-term addicts who completed a methadone therapy program as well as relapsed patients. Liver and renal markers important for methadone metabolism were analyzed. Renal markers included urea and creatinine, while hepatic markers included total bilirubin, AST, ALT, γGT, and LDH as nonspecific but significant parameters of liver metabolism. The study included 34 male and 6 female heroin-dependent patients undergoing a rehabilitation program with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). During therapy, average values of all parameters remained within the reference interval but individual parameters in some patients were very high. Significant differences for urea (0.00) and very high individual variations in all parameters, especially γGT and LDH, were found in patients who were in relapse. Age of the patients did not show a correlation with the presence of significant differences in serum biochemical parameters during therapy. Prolonged use of methadone therapy stabilizes high variations of liver and renal markers. MMT achieves a stabilization of serum indicators relevant for methadone metabolism that correlates with the duration of consumption and the type of opioid substance. The most important hepato-renal markers as indicators of therapy success are γGT, LDH, and creatinine. The validity of former enzymatic tests (AST, ALP, and ALT) should be seriously reconsidered in terms of MTT treatment success and monitoring the health of heroin addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Suljević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amra Šiljak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Fočak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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222
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Araújo AM, Enea M, Fernandes E, Carvalho F, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho M, Guedes de Pinho P. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Hepatotoxicity under the Heat Stress Condition: Novel Insights from in Vitro Metabolomic Studies. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1222-1234. [PMID: 31971386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia has been extensively reported as a life-threatening consequence of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) abuse. In this work, we used a sensitive untargeted metabolomic approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to evaluate the impact of hyperthermia on the hepatic metabolic changes caused by MDMA. For this purpose, primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to subtoxic (LC01 and LC10) and toxic (LC30) concentrations of MDMA for 24 h, at 37 or 40.5 °C (simulating body temperature increase after MDMA consumption), and alterations on both intracellular metabolome and extracellular volatilome were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that metabolic patterns clearly discriminate MDMA treated cells from control cells, both in normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. The metabolic signature was found to be largely common to MDMA subtoxic and toxic concentrations, although with evident differences in the magnitude of response, with metabolic changes significantly more pronounced at 40.5 °C. Discriminant metabolites associated with MDMA-induced hepatotoxicity are mostly involved in the amino acid metabolism, aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pyruvate metabolism. Moreover, our metabolomic findings were corroborated by classical toxicity parameters, demonstrating the high sensitivity of this omic approach to assess molecular-level effects. Overall, this study indicates that MDMA triggers significant metabolic alterations on hepatic cells, even at low concentrations, that are clearly exacerbated at high temperatures. These findings provide new metabolic pieces to solve the puzzle of MDMA's hepatotoxicity mechanism and emphasize the increased risks of MDMA abuse due to the thermogenic action of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Araújo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Enea
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, Praça Nove de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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223
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Geng C, Guo Y, Wang C, Liao D, Han W, Zhang J, Jiang P. Systematic impacts of chronic unpredictable mild stress on metabolomics in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:700. [PMID: 31959868 PMCID: PMC6971284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common disabling psychiatric disease, with a high prevalence and mortality. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a well-accepted method used to mimic clinical depression. Recent evidence has consistently suggested that the cumulative effects of CUMS could lead to allostatic overload in the body, thereby inducing systemic disorders; however, there are no previous systematic metabonomics studies on the main stress-targeted tissues associated with depression. A non-targeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) approach was used to identify metabolic biomarkers in the main stress-targeted tissues (serum, heart, liver, brain, and kidney) in a CUMS model of depression. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to the CUMS group (n = 8) or a control group (n = 8). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the metabolites that were differentially expressed between the two groups. There were 10, 10, 9, 4, and 7 differentially expressed metabolites in the serum, heart, liver, brain and kidney tissues, respectively, between the control and CUMS groups. These were linked to nine different pathways related to the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and energy. In summary, we provided a comprehensive understanding of metabolic alterations in the main stress-targeted tissues, helping to understand the potential mechanisms underlying depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Geng
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Clinical Translational Medicine, Jining Life Science Center, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wenxiu Han
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China.
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224
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Venn EC, Barnes AJ, Hansen RJ, Boscan PL, Twedt DC, Sullivan LA. Serum D-lactate concentrations in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:691-699. [PMID: 31919893 PMCID: PMC7096611 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs infected with canine parvovirus (CPV) have compromised intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Production of D-lactate by enteric bacteria may directly reflect disease severity or contribute to metabolic acid-base status in these dogs. HYPOTHESIS Serum D-lactate concentration will be increased in CPV dogs compared to healthy controls and correlate with markers of disease severity and acid-base status. ANIMALS Dogs with CPV undergoing treatment (n = 40) and healthy control dogs (n = 9). METHODS Prospective observational study. Dogs with CPV had a baseline and daily CBC, venous blood gas with serum electrolyte concentrations, composite clinical severity score, and serum D-lactate concentration performed. A single serum D-lactate measurement was obtained from healthy control dogs. RESULTS The CPV dogs had a higher D-lactate concentration (mean ± SD) of 469 ± 173 μM compared to controls, 306 ± 45 μM (P < .001). There was no difference in baseline D-lactate concentrations for CPV survivors (474 ± 28 μM), versus nonsurvivors (424 ± 116 μM; P = .70). D-lactate concentration decreased over the first 4 days of treatment (-9.6 μM/d; P = .46). Dogs hospitalized for <4 days had lower baseline D-lactate concentrations compared to those hospitalized ≥4 days (400 ± 178 μM versus 520 ± 152 μM; P = .03). No sustained correlation over time between serum D-lactate concentration and clinical severity score or recorded acid-base results. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum D-lactate concentrations are higher in dogs with CPV compared to healthy controls but do not appear to be clinically relevant. No relationship identified between serum D-lactate concentrations and markers of CPV disease severity, acid-base status, or outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee C Venn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Alex J Barnes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Ryan J Hansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Pedro L Boscan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - David C Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lauren A Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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225
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Association between admission lactate levels and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. Coron Artery Dis 2019; 30:26-32. [PMID: 30398983 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperlactatemia at admission is associated with poor outcome in critically ill patients. However, data on the prognostic value of blood lactate level in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are limited. The present study assessed the prognostic effect of admission lactate level in a large population of patients with ACS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective observational study including patients with ACS who were admitted to the Coronary Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between 2014 and 2017. Patients were divided into tertiles of lactate level (T1: <1.8; T2: 1.8-2.6; T3: ≥2.7 mmol/l). The clinical outcomes were 30-day and 180-day mortality from hospital admission. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between lactate level and survival. RESULTS A total of 1865 consecutive patients with ACS were enrolled. Significant positive associations were observed between admission lactate level and both 180-day and 30-day mortality, with highest risk for lactate greater than or equal to 2.7 mmol/l. The adjusted hazard ratio for 180-day mortality was 2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-3.71, P=0.011] for T3 and 1.53 (95% CI: 0.86-2.72, P=0.147) for T2 compared with T1 (P for trend=0.006), and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02-1.18, P=0.010) for each unit increase in lactate level. Similar trends were observed for 30-day mortality. The association was highly consistent across all subgroups studied (all P for interaction >0.05). CONCLUSION In patients with ACS, elevated admission lactate level is an independent predictor of 30-day and 180-day all-cause mortality.
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226
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Rizzoto G, Hall C, Tyberg JV, Thundathil JC, Caulkett NA, Kastelic JP. Testicular hyperthermia increases blood flow that maintains aerobic metabolism in rams. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:683-688. [PMID: 30449297 DOI: 10.1071/rd17509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paradigm that testicular hyperthermia fails to increase testicular blood flow and that an ensuing hypoxia impairs spermatogenesis. However, in our previous studies, decreases in normal and motile spermatozoa after testicular warming were neither prevented by concurrent hyperoxia nor replicated by hypoxia. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of increasing testicular temperature on testicular blood flow and O2 delivery and uptake and to detect evidence of anaerobic metabolism. Under general anaesthesia, the testicular temperature of nine crossbred rams was sequentially maintained at ~33°C, 37°C and 40°C (±0.5°C; 45min per temperature). As testicular temperature increased from 33°C to 40°C there were increases in testicular blood flow (13.2±2.7 vs 17.7±3.2mLmin-1 per 100g of testes, mean±s.e.m.; P<0.05), O2 extraction (31.2±5.0 vs 47.3±3.1%; P<0.0001) and O2 consumption (0.35±0.04 vs 0.64±0.06mLmin-1 per 100g of testes; P<0.0001). There was no evidence of anaerobic metabolism, based on a lack of change in lactate, pH, HCO3- and base excess. In conclusion, these data challenge the paradigm regarding scrotal-testicular thermoregulation, as acute testicular hyperthermia increased blood flow and tended to increase O2 delivery and uptake, with no indication of hypoxia or anaerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rizzoto
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - C Hall
- Departments of Cardiac Sciences and Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - J V Tyberg
- Departments of Cardiac Sciences and Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - J C Thundathil
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - N A Caulkett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - J P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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227
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van Baar AC, Beuers U, Wong K, Haidry R, Costamagna G, Hafedi A, Deviere J, Ghosh SS, Lopez-Talavera JC, Rodriguez L, Galvao Neto MP, Sanyal A, Bergman JJ. Endoscopic duodenal mucosal resurfacing improves glycaemic and hepatic indices in type 2 diabetes: 6-month multicentre results. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:429-437. [PMID: 32039394 PMCID: PMC7005649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a core pathophysiological defect underscoring type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Both conditions improve with duodenal exclusion surgery. Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is an endoscopic intervention developed to treat metabolic disease which has been shown to improve glycaemia in patients with poorly controlled T2DM. Herein, we aimed to further analyse the effects of DMR on hepatic and metabolic parameters in this patient cohort. METHODS Eighty-five patients with T2DM who received endoscopic DMR treatment were enrolled from 5 centres and followed up for 6 months. We assessed safety in all patients. Efficacy was evaluated in patients who received at least 9 cm of duodenal ablation (n = 67). Endpoints included HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, weight and aminotransferase levels. Metabolomic analysis was conducted in a subgroup (n = 14). Data were analysed using paired t test or ANOVA for repeated measures with Bonferroni correction and correction for initial weight loss if applicable. RESULTS The DMR procedure was completed with no intraprocedural complications in the entire cohort. HbA1c was lower 6 months after DMR than at baseline (7.9 ± 0.2% vs. 9.0 ± 0.2% [mean ± SE], p ≪0.001). Fasting plasma glucose was also significantly lower 6 months after DMR compared to baseline (161 ± 7 mg/dl vs. 189 ± 6 mg/dl, p = 0.005). Body weight decreased slightly. At 6 months, alanine aminotransferase had decreased from 41 ± 3 IU/L to 29 ± 2 IU/L (p ≪0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase had decreased from 30 ± 2 IU/L to 23 ± 1 IU/L (p ≪0.001). Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that DMR had key lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as increasing antioxidant capacity. Mean FIB-4 was also markedly decreased. CONCLUSION Hydrothermal ablation of the duodenum by DMR elicits a beneficial metabolic response in patients with T2DM. DMR also improves hepatic indices, potentially through an insulin-sensitizing mechanism. These encouraging data deserve further evaluation in randomized controlled trials. LAY SUMMARY Hydrothermal duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is an endoscopic technique designed to treat metabolic disease through ablation of the duodenal mucosa. DMR is a safe procedure which improves glycaemia and hepatic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DMR is an insulin-sensitizing intervention which can be complementary to lifestyle intervention approaches and pharmacological treatments aimed at preserving the pancreas and liver from failure. DMR is a potential therapeutic solution for patients with type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annieke C.G. van Baar
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kari Wong
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Rehan Haidry
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Costamagna
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alia Hafedi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Deviere
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Arun Sanyal
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jacques J.G.H.M. Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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228
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Sun D, Cao F, Tian Y, Li A, Xu W, Chen Q, Shi W, Xu S. Label-Free Detection of Multiplexed Metabolites at Single-Cell Level via a SERS-Microfluidic Droplet Platform. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15484-15490. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Fanghao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and New Energy Materials, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Aisen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qidan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and New Energy Materials, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Lab for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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229
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Bender L, Somme F, Ruhland E, Cicek AE, Bund C, Namer IJ. Metabolomic Profile of Aggressive Meningiomas by Using High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:292-299. [PMID: 31679342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Meningiomas are in most cases benign brain tumors. The WHO 2016 classification defines three grades of meningiomas. This classification had a prognosis value because grade III meningiomas have a worse prognosis value compared to grades I and II meningiomas. However, some benign or atypical meningiomas can have a clinical aggressive behavior. There are currently no reliable markers which allow distinguishing between the meningiomas with a good prognosis and those which may recur. High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) spectrometry is a noninvasive method able to determine the metabolite profile of a tissue sample. We retrospectively analyzed 62 meningioma samples by using HRMAS spectrometry (43 metabolites). We described a metabolic profile defined by a high concentration for acetate, threonine, N-acetyl-lysine, hydroxybutyrate, myoinositol, ascorbate, scylloinositol, and total choline and a low concentration for aspartate, glucose, isoleucine, valine, adenosine, arginine, and alanine. This metabolomic signature was associated with poor prognosis histological markers [Ki-67 ≥ 40%, high histological grade and negative progesterone receptor (PR) expression]. We also described a similar metabolomic spectrum between grade III and grade I meningiomas. Moreover, all grade I meningiomas with a low Ki-67 expression and a positive PR expression did not have the same metabolomic profile. Metabolomic analysis could be used to determine an aggressive meningioma in order to discuss a personalized treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to correlate this metabolic profile with survival data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Ercüment Cicek
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh 15213 , Pennsylvania , United States.,Computer Engineering Department , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Caroline Bund
- ICube, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR 7357 , Strasbourg 67081 , Alsace , France
| | - Izzie Jacques Namer
- ICube, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR 7357 , Strasbourg 67081 , Alsace , France
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230
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Extracorporeal Free Flap Perfusion Using Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Device: An Experimental Model. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 83:702-708. [PMID: 31688101 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal perfusion of organs has a wide range of clinical applications like prolonged vital storage of organs, isolated applications of drugs, bridging time to transplant, and free composite tissue transfer without anastomosis, but there are a limited number of experimental models on this topic.This study aimed to develop and evaluate a human extracorporeal free flap perfusion model using an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device. Five patients undergoing esthetic abdominoplasty participated in this study. Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps were obtained abdominoplasty flaps, which are normally medical waste, used in this model. Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps were extracorporeally perfused with a mean of 6 days. The biochemical and pathological evaluations of the perfusions were discussed in the article.
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231
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Targeting L-Lactate Metabolism to Overcome Resistance to Immune Therapy of Melanoma and Other Tumor Entities. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:2084195. [PMID: 31781212 PMCID: PMC6875281 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2084195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy plays a significant role in tumor therapy, its efficacy is impaired by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. A molecule that contributes to the protumor microenvironment is the metabolic product lactate. Lactate is produced in large amounts by cancer cells in response to either hypoxia or pseudohypoxia, and its presence in excess alters the normal functioning of immune cells. A key enzyme involved in lactate metabolism is lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Elevated baseline LDH serum levels are associated with poor outcomes of current anticancer (immune) therapies, especially in patients with melanoma. Therefore, targeting LDH and other molecules involved in lactate metabolism might improve the efficacy of immune therapies. This review summarizes current knowledge about lactate metabolism and its role in the tumor microenvironment. Based on that information, we develop a rationale for deploying drugs that target lactate metabolism in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors to overcome lactate-mediated immune escape of tumor cells.
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232
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de la Cruz-López KG, Castro-Muñoz LJ, Reyes-Hernández DO, García-Carrancá A, Manzo-Merino J. Lactate in the Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1143. [PMID: 31737570 PMCID: PMC6839026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells must generate sufficient ATP and biosynthetic precursors in order to maintain cell proliferation requirements. Otto Warburg showed that tumor cells uptake high amounts of glucose producing large volumes of lactate even in the presence of oxygen, this process is known as “Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis.” As a consequence of such amounts of lactate there is an acidification of the extracellular pH in tumor microenvironment, ranging between 6.0 and 6.5. This acidosis favors processes such as metastasis, angiogenesis and more importantly, immunosuppression, which has been associated to a worse clinical prognosis. Thus, lactate should be thought as an important oncometabolite in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer. In this review, we summarized the role of lactate in regulating metabolic microenvironment of cancer and discuss its relevance in the up-regulation of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxilate transporters (MCTs) in tumors. The goal of this review is to expose that lactate is not only a secondary product of cellular metabolic waste of tumor cells, but also a key molecule involved in carcinogenesis as well as in tumor immune evasion. Finally, the possible targeting of lactate production in cancer treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G de la Cruz-López
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Josué Castro-Muñoz
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego O Reyes-Hernández
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Maestría en Investigación Clínica Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Biological Cancer Causing Agents Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manzo-Merino
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Biological Cancer Causing Agents Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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233
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Abstract
Both intense physical activity and potent psychosocial stressors increase blood lactate. Raising lactate levels by infusing the chemical can have an anxiogenic effect. Here, we compare the relationship between changes in lactate and anxiety levels resulting from two standardized stressors. We investigated the effects of the Multiple Wingate All-Out Performance Test (WG), a strong physical stressor, and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a well-documented psychosocial stressor, in 32 healthy young men using a crossover design. Before and after each stressor, venous blood was analyzed for lactate levels and the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was given. Both stressors raised both lactate and anxiety significantly above their baseline levels. While the rise in lactate was much higher for the WG than for the TSST, the rises in anxiety were nearly equal. Individual fitness did not influence the results for lactate or anxiety. No significant relation between lactate and anxiety changes were found. Thus, our results as well as the literature suggest that lactate is an important variable for understanding the impact of sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Hermann
- Institute of Preventive Research, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Daniel Lay
- Department of Preventative and Rehabilitative Sports and Performance Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Patrick Wahl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Walton T Roth
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Mainz , Mainz , Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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234
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Tomašić N, Kotarsky H, de Oliveira Figueiredo R, Hansson E, Mörgelin M, Tomašić I, Kallijärvi J, Elmér E, Jauhiainen M, Eklund EA, Fellman V. Fasting reveals largely intact systemic lipid mobilization mechanisms in respiratory chain complex III deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165573. [PMID: 31672551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mice homozygous for the human GRACILE syndrome mutation (Bcs1lc.A232G) display decreased respiratory chain complex III activity, liver dysfunction, hypoglycemia, rapid loss of white adipose tissue and early death. To assess the underlying mechanism of the lipodystrophy in homozygous mice (Bcs1lp.S78G), these and wild-type control mice were subjected to a short 4-hour fast. The homozygotes had low baseline blood glucose values, but a similar decrease in response to fasting as in wild-type mice, resulting in hypoglycemia in the majority. Despite the already depleted glycogen and increased triacylglycerol content in the mutant livers, the mice responded to fasting by further depletion and increase, respectively. Increased plasma free fatty acids (FAs) upon fasting suggested normal capacity for mobilization of lipids from white adipose tissue into circulation. Strikingly, however, serum glycerol concentration was not increased concomitantly with free FAs, suggesting its rapid uptake into the liver and utilization for fuel or gluconeogenesis in the mutants. The mutant hepatocyte mitochondria were capable of responding to fasting by appropriate morphological changes, as analyzed by electron microscopy, and by increasing respiration. Mutants showed increased hepatic gene expression of major metabolic controllers typically associated with fasting response (Ppargc1a, Fgf21, Cd36) already in the fed state, suggesting a chronic starvation-like metabolic condition. Despite this, the mutant mice responded largely normally to fasting by increasing hepatic respiration and switching to FA utilization, indicating that the mechanisms driving these adaptations are not compromised by the CIII dysfunction. SUMMARY STATEMENT: Bcs1l mutant mice with severe CIII deficiency, energy deprivation and post-weaning lipolysis respond to fasting similarly to wild-type mice, suggesting largely normal systemic lipid mobilization and utilization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikica Tomašić
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Heike Kotarsky
- Department of Pathology, Region Skåne, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ivan Tomašić
- Mälardalen University, Division of Intelligent Future Technologies, Västerås, Sweden.
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Mitochondrial Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Erik A Eklund
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki. Finland.
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235
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Kalemba KM, Wang Y, Xu H, Chiles E, McMillin SM, Kwon H, Su X, Wondisford FE. Glycerol induces G6pc in primary mouse hepatocytes and is the preferred substrate for gluconeogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18017-18028. [PMID: 31645433 PMCID: PMC6885632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is de novo production of glucose from endogenous carbon sources. Although it is a commonly studied pathway, particularly in disease, there is a lack of consensus about substrate preference. Moreover, primary hepatocytes are the current gold standard for in vitro liver studies, but no direct comparison of substrate preference at physiological fasting concentrations has been performed. We show that mouse primary hepatocytes prefer glycerol to pyruvate/lactate in glucose production assays and 13C isotope tracing studies at the high concentrations commonly used in the literature, as well as at more relevant fasting, physiological concentrations. In addition, when glycerol, pyruvate/lactate, and glutamine are all present, glycerol is responsible for over 75% of all glucose carbons labeled. We also found that glycerol can induce a rate-limiting enzyme of GNG, glucose-6-phosphatase. Lastly, we suggest that glycerol is a better substrate than pyruvate to test in vivo production of glucose in fasting mice. In conclusion, glycerol is the major carbon source for GNG in vitro and in vivo and should be compared with other substrates when studying GNG in the context of metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Kalemba
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Huiting Xu
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Eric Chiles
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Sara M McMillin
- Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903.
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236
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Zhang Z, Azizi M, Lee M, Davidowsky P, Lawrence P, Abbaspourrad A. A versatile, cost-effective, and flexible wearable biosensor for in situ and ex situ sweat analysis, and personalized nutrition assessment. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3448-3460. [PMID: 31498355 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00734b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics have shown excellent potential in rapid biological analysis and health/disease monitoring. Here, we introduce a versatile, cost-effective, flexible, and wearable POC biomarker patch for effective sweat collection and health monitoring. We design and fabricate channels/patterns on filter paper using wax printing technology, which can direct sweat to collection and biomarker detection zones on the proposed platform. The detection zones are designed to measure the amount of collected sweat, in addition to measuring the sweat pH, and glucose (a potential diabetic biomarker), and lactate concentrations. It is significantly challenging to measure glucose in human sweat by colorimetric methods due to the extremely low glucose levels found in this medium. However, we overcame this issue by effectively engineering our wearable biosensor for optimal intake, storage, and evaporation of sweat. Our design concentrates the colorant (indicator) into a small detection zone and significantly increases the sensitivity for the sweat glucose sensing reactions. The device can thus detect glucose in physiological glucose concentration range of 50-300 μM. This cost-effective and wearable biosensor can provide instant in situ quantitative results for targets of interest, such as glucose, pH, and lactate, when coupled with the imaging and computing functionalities of smartphones. Meanwhile, it is also feasible to extract the air-dried sweat from the storage zone for further ex situ measurements of a broader portfolio of biomarkers, leading to applications of our wearable biosensor in personalized nutrition and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY, USA.
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237
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Jeon SB, Sohn CH, Seo DW, Oh BJ, Lim KS, Kang DW, Kim WY. Acute Brain Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Delayed Neurological Sequelae in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:436-443. [PMID: 29379952 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Importance Preventing delayed neurological sequelae is a major goal of treating acute carbon monoxide poisoning, but to our knowledge there are no reliable tools for assessing the probability of these sequelae. Objectives To determine whether acute brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging are related to subsequent development of delayed neurological sequelae after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Design, Setting, and Participants This registry-based observational study was conducted at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea, between April 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015. Of 700 patients (aged ≥18 years) with acute carbon monoxide poisoning, 433 patients (61.9%) who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging at an emergency department were considered for the study. Patients who developed cardiac arrest before diffusion-weighted imaging (n = 3), had persistent neurological symptoms at discharge (n = 8), committed suicide soon after discharge (n = 1), and were lost to follow-up (n = 34) were excluded. Exposure The presence of unambiguous, high-signal-intensity, acute brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (b = 1000 s/mm2). Main Outcomes and Measures Development of delayed neurological sequelae defined as any neurological symptoms or signs that newly developed within 6 weeks of discharge. Results Of the 387 included patients (143 women [37.0%]; median age, 42.0 years [interquartile range, 32.0-56.0 years]), acute brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging were observed in 104 patients (26.9%). Among these, 77 patients (19.9%) had globus pallidus lesions, 13 (3.4%) had diffuse lesions, and 57 (14.7%) had focal lesions (37 patients [9.6%] had >1 pattern concurrently). Lesions were supratentorial and infratentorial in 101 and 23 patients, respectively. Delayed neurological sequelae occurred in 101 patients (26.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the presence of acute brain lesions was independently associated with development of delayed neurological sequelae (adjusted odds ratio, 13.93; 95% CI, 7.16-27.11; P < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of acute brain lesions to assess the probability of delayed neurological sequelae were 75.2% (95% CI, 66.8%-83.7%) and 90.2% (95% CI, 86.8%-93.7%), respectively. In addition, the positive and negative predictive values were 73.1% (95% CI, 64.6%-81.6%) and 91.2% (95% CI, 87.9%-94.5%), respectively. Conclusions and Relevance The presence of acute brain lesions was significantly associated with the development of delayed neurological sequelae. Diffusion-weighted imaging during the acute phase of carbon monoxide poisoning may therefore help identify patients at risk of developing these debilitating sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Beom Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Sohn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Jin Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wha Kang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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238
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Altinok O, Poggio JL, Stein DE, Bowne WB, Shieh AC, Snyder NW, Orynbayeva Z. Malate-aspartate shuttle promotes l-lactate oxidation in mitochondria. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2569-2581. [PMID: 31490559 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism in cancer cells is rewired to generate sufficient energy equivalents and anabolic precursors to support high proliferative activity. Within the context of these competing drives aerobic glycolysis is inefficient for the cancer cellular energy economy. Therefore, many cancer types, including colon cancer, reprogram mitochondria-dependent processes to fulfill their elevated energy demands. Elevated glycolysis underlying the Warburg effect is an established signature of cancer metabolism. However, there are a growing number of studies that show that mitochondria remain highly oxidative under glycolytic conditions. We hypothesized that activities of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are coordinated to maintain redox compartmentalization. We investigated the role of mitochondria-associated malate-aspartate and lactate shuttles in colon cancer cells as potential regulators that couple aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. We demonstrated that the malate-aspartate shuttle exerts control over NAD+ /NADH homeostasis to maintain activity of mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase and to enable aerobic oxidation of glycolytic l-lactate in mitochondria. The elevated glycolysis in cancer cells is proposed to be one of the mechanisms acquired to accelerate oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Altinok
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Juan L Poggio
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David E Stein
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wilbur B Bowne
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian C Shieh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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239
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Li Q, Luo T, Lu W, Yi X, Zhao Z, Liu J. Proteomic analysis of human periodontal ligament cells under hypoxia. Proteome Sci 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 31496921 PMCID: PMC6717648 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-019-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The periodontal ligament is essential for homeostasis of periodontal tissue. A hypoxic milieu of the periodontal tissue is generated under periodontitis or during orthodontic treatment, which affects the periodontal and bone remodelling process. Here, we provide a comprehensive proteomic characterization of periodontal ligament cells under hypoxic conditions, aiming to reveal previously unappreciated biological changes and to help advance hypoxia-based therapeutic strategies for periodontal diseases. Methods Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were characterized using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FACS). Successful hypoxia treatment of hPDLCs with 1% O2 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Proliferation was evaluated using an MTT assay. The proteomic expression profile under hypoxia was studied with the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) approach followed by protein identification and bioinformatic analysis, and western blot verification was performed. Results The hPDLCs were positive for vimentin, CD73 and CD105 and negative for keratin, CD34 and CD45. After hypoxia treatment, the mRNA expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF1a) was upregulated. The proliferation rate was elevated during the first 6 h but decreased from 6 h to 72 h. A total of 220 differentially expressed proteins were quantified in hPDLCs under hypoxia (1% O2, 24 h), including 153 upregulated and 67 downregulated proteins, five of which were verified by western blot analysis. The Gene Ontology enriched terms included the energy metabolic process, membrane-bound organelle and vesicle, and protein binding terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated several involved pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, the HIF-1 signalling pathway, and focal adhesion. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network demonstrated the dominant role of autophagy over apoptosis under hypoxia. Conclusion The proteomic profile of hPDLCs under hypoxia was mainly related to energy metabolism, autophagy, and responses to stimuli such as adhesion and inflammation. Previously unrecognized proteins including solute carrier family proteins, heat shock proteins, ubiquitination-related enzymes, collagen and S100 family proteins are involved in adaptive response to hypoxia in hPDLCs and are thus of great research interest in future work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-019-0151-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Tao Luo
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,2Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxin Lu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,3Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yi
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,3Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,3Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China.,3Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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240
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Wardi G, Brice J, Correia M, Liu D, Self M, Tainter C. Demystifying Lactate in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2019; 75:287-298. [PMID: 31474479 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of lactic acid and its conjugate base, lactate, has evolved during the past decade in the care of patients in the emergency department (ED). A recent national sepsis quality measure has led to increased use of serum lactate in the ED, but many causes for hyperlactatemia exist outside of sepsis. We provide a review of the biology of lactate production and metabolism, the many causes of hyperlactatemia, and evidence on its use as a marker in prognosis and resuscitation. Additionally, we review the evolving role of lactate in sepsis care. We provide recommendations to aid lactate interpretation in the ED and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Wardi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA.
| | - Jessica Brice
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Matthew Correia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Dennis Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Self
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Christopher Tainter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA; Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
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241
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Smith ZR, Horng M, Rech MA. Medication‐Induced Hyperlactatemia and Lactic Acidosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Pharmacotherapy 2019; 39:946-963. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Smith
- Department of Pharmacy Services Henry Ford Hospital Detroit Michigan
| | - Michelle Horng
- Department of Pharmacy Services The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas
| | - Megan A. Rech
- Department of Pharmacy Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois
- Department of Emergency Medicine Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago Chicago Illinois
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242
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Zheng J, Zheng SJ, Qi CB, Wu DM, Feng YQ. 4-Plex Chemical Labeling Strategy Based on Cinchona Alkaloid-Derived Primary Amines for the Analysis of Chiral Carboxylic Acids by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11440-11446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chu-Bo Qi
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
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243
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de Bari L, Atlante A, Armeni T, Kalapos MP. Synthesis and metabolism of methylglyoxal, S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate in cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Exploring the crossroad of eternal youth and premature aging. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 53:100915. [PMID: 31173890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are emerging as metabolic diseases in which aberrant/dysregulated glucose metabolism and bioenergetics occur, and play a key role in disease progression. Interestingly, an enhancement of glucose uptake, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway occurs in both cancer cells and amyloid-β-resistant neurons in the early phase of AD. However, this metabolic shift has its adverse effects. One of them is the increase in methylglyoxal production, a physiological cytotoxic by-product of glucose catabolism. Methylglyoxal is mainly detoxified via cytosolic glyoxalase route comprising glyoxalase 1 and glyoxalase 2 with the production of S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate as intermediate and end-product, respectively. Due to the existence of mitochondrial carriers and intramitochondrial glyoxalase 2 and D-lactate dehydrogenase, the transport and metabolism of both S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate in mitochondria can contribute to methylglyoxal elimination, cellular antioxidant power and energy production. In this review, it is supposed that the different ability of cancer cells and AD neurons to metabolize methylglyoxal, S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate scores cell fate, therefore being at the very crossroad of the "eternal youth" of cancer and the "premature death" of AD neurons. Understanding of these processes would help to elaborate novel metabolism-based therapies for cancer and AD treatment.
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244
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Kastl AJ, Terry NA, Wu GD, Albenberg LG. The Structure and Function of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota: Current Understanding and Future Directions. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:33-45. [PMID: 31344510 PMCID: PMC6881639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing literature characterizing the fecal microbiome and its association with health and disease, few studies have analyzed the microbiome of the small intestine. Here, we examine what is known about the human small intestinal microbiota in terms of community structure and functional properties. We examine temporal dynamics of select bacterial populations in the small intestine, and the effects of dietary carbohydrates and fats on shaping these populations. We then evaluate dysbiosis in the small intestine in several human disease models, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, short-bowel syndrome, pouchitis, environmental enteric dysfunction, and irritable bowel syndrome. What is clear is that the bacterial biology, and mechanisms of bacteria-induced pathophysiology, are enormously broad and elegant in the small intestine. Studying the small intestinal microbiota is challenged by rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions in these intestinal segments, as well as the complexity of sample collection and bioinformatic analysis. Because the functionality of the digestive tract is determined primarily by the small intestine, efforts must be made to better characterize this unique and important microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. Kastl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Arthur J. Kastl Jr, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, 7NW, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. fax: (215) 590-3606.
| | - Natalie A. Terry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindsey G. Albenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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245
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Discovery of potential genes contributing to the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids and lactate in gut microbiota from systematic investigation in E. coli. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:19. [PMID: 31312512 PMCID: PMC6626047 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota play important roles in the internal environment and health of humans, livestock and wild animals. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate are primary metabolites that can impact the composition and function of human microbiota. According to the well-characterized key synthesis genes, many SCFA- and lactate-producing bacteria have been identified in the gut microbiota. However, unknown genes may also contribute to the formation of SCFAs and lactate. The identification of such genes will provide new engineering targets and new strategies for maintaining a stable structure of beneficial microbiota. In this study, we used Escherichia coli as a model to analyze possible genes related to SCFAs and lactate production besides the well-characterized ones. The functions of nineteen candidate genes were studied by targeted gene deletion and overexpression. Results indicated thioesterase genes such as yciA, tesA, tesB, and menI can contribute to acetate and/or butyrate formation. As for lactate, mgsA and lldD can function in addition to ldh gene. At the same time, the distribution of these functional genes in gut microbiota was investigated. Most bacteria contain the well-studied genes whereas some bacteria contain some of the described unusual ones. The results provide insights and genetic targets for the discovery of new SCFA- and lactate-producing bacteria in gut microbiota.
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246
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Bosshart PD, Kalbermatter D, Bonetti S, Fotiadis D. Mechanistic basis of L-lactate transport in the SLC16 solute carrier family. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2649. [PMID: 31201333 PMCID: PMC6573034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In human and other mammalian cells, transport of L-lactate across plasma membranes is mainly catalyzed by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) of the SLC16 solute carrier family. MCTs play an important role in cancer metabolism and are promising targets for tumor treatment. Here, we report the crystal structures of an SLC16 family homologue with two different bound ligands at 2.54 and 2.69 Å resolution. The structures show the transporter in the pharmacologically relevant outward-open conformation. Structural information together with a detailed structure-based analysis of the transport function provide important insights into the molecular working mechanisms of ligand binding and L-lactate transport. The transport of L-lactate across plasma membranes is catalyzed by proton-driven monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) of the SLC16 solute carrier family. Here, the authors present the crystal structures of a bacterial SLC16 homologue with the bound substrate L-lactate and ligand thiosalicylate both in an outward-open conformation and discuss the L-lactate transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Bosshart
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Kalbermatter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bonetti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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247
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Nazir M, Wani W, Dar SA, Mir IH, Charoo BA, Ahmad QI, Wajid S. Lactate clearance prognosticates outcome in pediatric septic shock during first 24 h of intensive care unit admission. J Intensive Care Soc 2019; 20:290-298. [PMID: 31695733 DOI: 10.1177/1751143719855202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the clinical utility of lactate clearance as an indicator of mortality in pediatric septic shock, and to compare the performance of lactate clearance at 6, 12, and 24 h for predicting in-hospital and 60-day mortality. Pediatric patients with septic shock were prospectively studied. Vital signs, laboratory values, Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score, and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score were obtained at presentation (hour 0), hour 6, hour 24 and over the first 72 h of hospitalization. Lactate clearance was obtained at 6, 12, and 24 h of hospital admission. Therapy received, outcome parameters of mortality, and duration of hospitalization were recorded. The primary outcome variable of 60-day mortality rate was 31.25%. Only lactate clearance at 6 and 24 h was significantly associated with mortality, with odds of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.951-981; p < 0.001) and 0.975 (95% CI, 0.964-0.986; p < 0.001), respectively. Approximately there was a 24% decrease in likelihood of mortality for each 10% increase in lactate clearance at 24 h. At a threshold value of 10% 6-h lactate clearance had a sensitivity of 0.948 and specificity of 0.571, while at a threshold of 20% 24-h lactate clearance had a sensitivity of 0.922 and specificity of 0.629. The comparison of clearance at 6 and 24 h using receiver operating characteristic showed that former was "fair" (area under the curve = 0.753) and later was "good" (area under the curve = 0.81) in predicting mortality in pediatric septic shock. Conclusion We concluded that optimal lactate clearance in pediatric septic shock both during the early presentation and after the initial "golden hours" is associated with lower in-hospital and 60-day mortality. Further, 24-h lactate clearance appears superior to 6 h lactate clearance in predicting mortality in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Nazir
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - Wasim Wani
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - Sheeraz Ahmad Dar
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - Inamul-Haq Mir
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Charoo
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - Qazi Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | - Syed Wajid
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Srinagar, India
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248
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Liu Z, Tu MJ, Zhang C, Jilek JL, Zhang QY, Yu AM. A reliable LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of natural amino acids in mouse plasma: Method validation and application to a study on amino acid dynamics during hepatocellular carcinoma progression. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:72-81. [PMID: 31177050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of 20 proteinogenic l-amino acids (AAs) in a small volume (5 μL) of mouse plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Intrada Amino Acid column within 13 min via gradient elution with an aqueous solution containing 100 mM ammonium formate and an organic mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water and formic acid (v:v:v = 95:5:0.3), at the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Individual AAs and corresponding stable-isotope-labeled AAs internal standards were analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode under optimized conditions. Method validation consisted of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, recovery, matrix effect, and stability, and the results demonstrated this LC-MS/MS method as a specific, accurate, and reliable assay. This LC-MS/MS method was thus utilized to compare the dynamics of individual plasma AAs between healthy and orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft mice housed under identical conditions. Our results revealed that, 5 weeks after HCC tumor progression, plasma l-arginine concentrations were significantly decreased in HCC mice while l-alanine and l-threonine levels were sharply increased. These findings support the utilities of this LC-MS/MS method and the promise of specific AAs as possible biomarkers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Medical Function, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Joseph L Jilek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Qian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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249
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Lactate Dehydrogenases as Metabolic Links between Tumor and Stroma in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060750. [PMID: 31146503 PMCID: PMC6627402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a metabolic disease in which abnormally proliferating cancer cells rewire metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Molecular reprogramming in the TME helps cancer cells to fulfill elevated metabolic demands for bioenergetics and cellular biosynthesis. One of the ways through which cancer cell achieve this is by regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is the primary metabolic enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate and vice versa. LDH also plays a significant role in regulating nutrient exchange between tumor and stroma. Thus, targeting human lactate dehydrogenase for treating advanced carcinomas may be of benefit. LDHA and LDHB, two isoenzymes of LDH, participate in tumor stroma metabolic interaction and exchange of metabolic fuel and thus could serve as potential anticancer drug targets. This article reviews recent research discussing the roles of lactate dehydrogenase in cancer metabolism. As molecular regulation of LDHA and LDHB in different cancer remains obscure, we also review signaling pathways regulating LDHA and LDHB expression. We highlight on the role of small molecule inhibitors in targeting LDH activity and we emphasize the development of safer and more effective LDH inhibitors. We trust that this review will also generate interest in designing combination therapies based on LDH inhibition, with LDHA being targeted in tumors and LDHB in stromal cells for better treatment outcome.
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250
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Terpstra ML, Sinnige MJ, Hugenholtz F, Peters-Sengers H, Remmerswaal EB, Geerlings SE, Bemelman FJ. Butyrate production in patients with end-stage renal disease. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2019; 12:87-101. [PMID: 31123416 PMCID: PMC6510402 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s200297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a decreased intestinal barrier function, causing bacterial translocation over the intestinal wall and triggering a systemic inflammatory response. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by certain bacterial strains, is considered instrumental to keep the intestinal barrier intact. There are indications that a decreased amount of these specific bacterial species is part of the cause of the decreased intestinal barrier function in CKD. The aim of this study is (i) to determine if Dutch patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a decreased amount of butyrate-producing species and butyrate-producing capacity and (ii) whether this correlates with systemic inflammation. Methods: We used qPCR to evaluate the most abundant butyrate-producing species F. prauznitzii, E. rectale and Roseburia spp. and the BCoAT gene, which reflects the butyrogenic capacity of the intestinal microbiota. Fecal samples were collected from healthy kidney donors (n=15), preemptive renal transplant recipients (n=4) and dialysis patients (n=31). Markers of inflammation (CRP and IL-6) and intestinal permeability (D-lactate) were measured in plasma. Results: Patients with ESRD did not have a significantly decreased amount F. prauznitzii, E. rectale and Roseburia spp. or the BCoAT gene. Neither was there a significant correlation with CRP, IL-6 or D-lactate. On the individual level, there were some patients with decreased BCoAT levels and increased levels of CRP, IL-6 and D-lactate. Conclusions: Patients with ESRD do not have a decreased amount of the most abundant butyrate-producing species nor a decreased butyrate-producing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matty L Terpstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan J Sinnige
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hessel Peters-Sengers
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ester Bm Remmerswaal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E Geerlings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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