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Daskalaki MG, Axarlis K, Aspevik T, Orfanakis M, Kolliniati O, Lapi I, Tzardi M, Dermitzaki E, Venihaki M, Kousoulaki K, Tsatsanis C. Fish Sidestream-Derived Protein Hydrolysates Suppress DSS-Induced Colitis by Modulating Intestinal Inflammation in Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:312. [PMID: 34071180 PMCID: PMC8228426 DOI: 10.3390/md19060312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by extensive intestinal inflammation, and therapies against the disease target suppression of the inflammatory cascade. Nutrition has been closely linked to the development and suppression of inflammatory bowel disease, which to a large extent is attributed to the complex immunomodulatory properties of nutrients. Diets containing fish have been suggested to promote health and suppress inflammatory diseases. Even though most of the health-promoting properties of fish-derived nutrients are attributed to fish oil, the potential health-promoting properties of fish protein have not been investigated. Fish sidestreams contain large amounts of proteins, currently unexploited, with potential anti-inflammatory properties, and may possess additional benefits through bioactive peptides and free amino acids. In this project, we utilized fish protein hydrolysates, based on mackerel and salmon heads and backbones, as well as flounder skin collagen. Mice fed with a diet supplemented with different fish sidestream-derived protein hydrolysates (5% w/w) were exposed to the model of DSS-induced colitis. The results show that dietary supplements containing protein hydrolysates from salmon heads suppressed chemically-induced colitis development as determined by colon length and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. To evaluate colitis severity, we measured the expression of different pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and found that the same supplement suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα and the chemokines Cxcl1 and Ccl3. We also assessed the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and Tgfb and found that selected protein hydrolysates induced their expression. Our findings demonstrate that protein hydrolysates derived from fish sidestreams possess anti-inflammatory properties in the model of DSS-induced colitis, providing a novel underexplored source of health-promoting dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Daskalaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.G.D.); (K.A.); (M.O.); (O.K.); (I.L.); (E.D.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 71100 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Axarlis
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.G.D.); (K.A.); (M.O.); (O.K.); (I.L.); (E.D.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 71100 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Tone Aspevik
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Nofima AS, 5141 Bergen, Norway; (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Michail Orfanakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.G.D.); (K.A.); (M.O.); (O.K.); (I.L.); (E.D.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 71100 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ourania Kolliniati
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.G.D.); (K.A.); (M.O.); (O.K.); (I.L.); (E.D.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 71100 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Lapi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.G.D.); (K.A.); (M.O.); (O.K.); (I.L.); (E.D.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 71100 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Eirini Dermitzaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.G.D.); (K.A.); (M.O.); (O.K.); (I.L.); (E.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Maria Venihaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.G.D.); (K.A.); (M.O.); (O.K.); (I.L.); (E.D.); (M.V.)
| | - Katerina Kousoulaki
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Nofima AS, 5141 Bergen, Norway; (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Christos Tsatsanis
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.G.D.); (K.A.); (M.O.); (O.K.); (I.L.); (E.D.); (M.V.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 71100 Heraklion, Greece
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202
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Ahmad S, Palvasha BA, Abbasi BBK, Nazir MS, Akhtar MN, Tahir Z, Abdullah MA. Preparation and Applications of Polysaccharide‐Based Composites. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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203
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Cojocaru E, Ghitman J, Biru EI, Pircalabioru GG, Vasile E, Iovu H. Synthesis and Characterization of Electrospun Composite Scaffolds Based on Chitosan-Carboxylated Graphene Oxide with Potential Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2535. [PMID: 34068207 PMCID: PMC8153126 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This research study reports the development of chitosan/carboxylated graphene oxide (CS/GO-COOH) composite scaffolds with nanofibrous architecture using the electrospinning method. The concept of designed composite fibrous material is based on bringing together the biological properties of CS, mechanical, electrical, and biological characteristics of GO-COOH with the versatility and efficiency of ultra-modern electrospinning techniques. Three different concentrations of GO-COOH were added into a chitosan (CS)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solution (the ratio between CS/PEO was 3/7 (w/w)) and were used in the synthesis process of composite scaffolds. The effect of GO-COOH concentration on the spinnability, morphological and mechanical features, wettability, and biological properties of engineered fibrous scaffolds was thoroughly investigated. FTIR results revealed the non-covalent and covalent interactions that could take place between the system's components. The SEM micrographs highlighted the nanofibrous architecture of scaffolds, and the presence of GO-COOH sheets along the composite CS/GO-COOH nanofibers. The size distribution graphs showed a decreasing trend in the mean diameter of composite nanofibers with the increase in GO-COOH content, from 141.40 nm for CS/PG 0.1% to 119.88 nm for CS/PG 0.5%. The dispersion of GO-COOH led to composite scaffolds with increased elasticity; the Young's modulus of CS/PG 0.5% (84 ± 4.71 MPa) was 7.5-fold lower as compared to CS/PEO (662 ± 15.18 MPa, p < 0.0001). Contact angle measurements showed that both GO-COOH content and crosslinking step influenced the surface wettability of scaffolds, leading to materials with ~1.25-fold higher hydrophobicity. The in vitro cytocompatibility assessment showed that the designed nanofibrous scaffolds showed a reasonable cellular proliferation level after 72 h of contact with the fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cojocaru
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.C.); (J.G.); (E.I.B.)
| | - Jana Ghitman
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.C.); (J.G.); (E.I.B.)
| | - Elena Iuliana Biru
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.C.); (J.G.); (E.I.B.)
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.C.); (J.G.); (E.I.B.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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204
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Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan from Two Commonly Reared Edible Cricket Species, and Its Application as a Hypolipidemic and Antimicrobial Agent. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect-derived chitin and chitosan have gained interest as alternative sources to that derived from crustaceans; however, little information is available on chitin from the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and tropical banded cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus), two cricket species commonly reared in the United States for human consumption. In this study, chitin was successfully isolated and purified from these two cricket species; using FTIR, chitins were found to be in alpha-crystalline form. Cricket chitosan was produced from both species with varying degrees of deacetylation (DDA) by varying alkaline conversion duration. G. sigillatus chitosan was larger (524 kDa) than A. domesticus chitosan (344 kDa). Both cricket chitosans showed similar (p > 0.05) lipid-binding capacity to that of shrimp chitosan. Both chitosans were as effective at inhibiting microbial growth of surrogate foodborne pathogens as the commercial shrimp chitosan. At a concentration of 0.50 mg/mL cricket chitosan, approximately 100% of Listeria innocua growth was inhibited, due to a contribution of both chitosan and the solvent-acetic acid. At the same concentration, growth of Escherichia coli was inhibited 90% by both cricket chitosan samples with ~80% DDA, where a decrease in the DDA led to decreased antimicrobial activity. However, varying the DDA had no effect on chitosan’s lipid-binding capacity. As more edible insects become a normalized protein source in our diet, the use of by-products, such as chitin and chitosan, derived from insect protein processing, show promising applications for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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205
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Różyło K, Biszczak W, Jośko I, Kusiak M, Świeca M. The possibilities of using elicitors in the increase of functional value of winter wheat grain under field conditions. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Różyło
- Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Wojciech Biszczak
- Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Izabela Jośko
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusiak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland
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206
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Sharkawy A, Barreiro MF, Rodrigues AE. New Pickering emulsions stabilized with chitosan/collagen peptides nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and tracking of the nanoparticles after skin application. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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207
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Soares LDS, Tonole B, Milião GL, Teixeira ÁVNDC, Coimbra JSDR, de Oliveira EB. Aqueous solutions of glycolic, propionic, or lactic acid in substitution of acetic acid to prepare chitosan dispersions: a study based on rheological and physicochemical properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:1797-1807. [PMID: 33897016 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CH) is a biopolymer derived from chitin, which is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, after cellulose. Their functional groups -NH2 and -OH can form intermolecular interactions with water and other molecules, enabling a variety of applications for CH. -NH2 groups become protonated in acidic solutions, causing an increase in electrostatic repulsion between CH chains, which facilitates their dispersion in aqueous media. Aqueous solutions of acetic acid and/or acetates buffers have been used to disperse CH, but may not be adequate for technological applications, espeacially because of the strong flavor this acid confers to formulations. In this study, 0.125; 0.250; 0.500; 0.750 and 1.000 g (100 g)-1 CH dispersions were prepared in acidic aqueous media (50 mmol L-1), not only with acetic (AA), but also with glycolic (GA), propionic (PA), or lactic (LA), acid aiming to evaluate the effects of biopolymer concentration and type of organic acid on: electrical conductivity, pH, density and rheological characteristics of dispersions. Moreover, ζ potential values of CH chains dispersed in these acidic aqueous media were assessed. pH, density and consistency index were influenced by the biopolymer concentration, but not by the acid type. At a given biopolymer concentration, ζ potential signs (+) and values suggested that electrostatic interactions between CH chains and counter-anions occurred, regardless of the type of the organic acid. Thus, at least from a physicochemical point of view, GA, PA or LA showed to be suitable to replace AA when preparing dispersions containing from 0.125 to 1.000 g (100 g)-1 CH for technological purposes, such as thickening or stabilizer in formulated food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Souza Soares
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Bruna Tonole
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Gustavo Leite Milião
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | | | - Jane Sélia Dos Reis Coimbra
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Eduardo Basílio de Oliveira
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-000 Brazil
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208
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Jaleh B, Nasrollahzadeh M, Nasri A, Eslamipanah M, Moradi A, Nezafat Z. Biopolymer-derived (nano)catalysts for hydrogen evolution via hydrolysis of hydrides and electrochemical and photocatalytic techniques: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1056-1090. [PMID: 33872617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of a few decades, the concern of environmental damages of fossil fuels, an increase in CO2 emission and a decrease of hydrogen have been growing more and more. Accordingly, hydrogen production is a crucial issue nowadays. Different polymers are applied to attain the purpose. Among all polymers, biodegradables polymers are the best choices to develop the main aim. Polysaccharides and proteins are biodegradable polymers with unique places and advantages with regards to their ecofriendly properties. There are different techniques to apply and achieve the foremost purpose. It is worthwhile to mention that green and facile methods are always attracting attention in different aspects and fields. The three non-polluting and economical techniques, that is, electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), photocatalytic technique, and hydrolysis of hydrides, are reviewed in this paper. This review helps researchers, who are environment supporters, to evaluate and choose the most ecological biopolymers and processes in their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Jaleh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran.
| | | | - Atefeh Nasri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Eslamipanah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Aida Moradi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nezafat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran
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209
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Establishment of successive co-fermentation by Bacillus subtilis and Acetobacter pasteurianus for extracting chitin from shrimp shells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117720. [PMID: 33593582 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To simplify the process of chitin bio-extraction from shrimp shells powder (SSP), successive co-fermentation using Bacillus subtilis and Acetobacter pasteurianus was explored in this work. Among three protease-producer (B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus), only B. subtilis exhibited high compatibility with A. pasteurianus in co-culture. Successive co-fermentation was constructed as follows: deproteinization was performed for 3 d by culturing B. subtilis in the medium containing 50 g·L-1 SSP, 50 g·L-1 glucose, and 1 g·L-1 yeast extracts; After feeding 5 g·L-1 KH2PO4 and 6 % (v/v) ethanol, A. pasteurianus was cultured for another 2 d without replacing and re-sterilizing medium. Through 5 d of fermentation, the final deproteinization, demineralization efficiency, and chitin yield reached 94.5 %, 92.0 %, and 18.0 %, respectively. This purified chitin had lower molecular weight (12.8 kDa) and higher deacetylation degree (19.6 %) compared with commercial chitin (18.5 kDa, 6.7 %), and showed excellent structural characterization of FESEM and FT-IR analysis.
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210
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Nunes YL, de Menezes FL, de Sousa IG, Cavalcante ALG, Cavalcante FTT, da Silva Moreira K, de Oliveira ALB, Mota GF, da Silva Souza JE, de Aguiar Falcão IR, Rocha TG, Valério RBR, Fechine PBA, de Souza MCM, Dos Santos JCS. Chemical and physical Chitosan modification for designing enzymatic industrial biocatalysts: How to choose the best strategy? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1124-1170. [PMID: 33864867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymer worldwide, and due to its inherent characteristics, its use in industrial processes has been extensively explored. Because it is biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, hydrophilic, cheap, and has good physical-chemical stability, it is seen as an excellent alternative for the replacement of synthetic materials in the search for more sustainable production methodologies. Thus being, a possible biotechnological application of Chitosan is as a direct support for enzyme immobilization. However, its applicability is quite specific, and to overcome this issue, alternative pretreatments are required, such as chemical and physical modifications to its structure, enabling its use in a wider array of applications. This review aims to present the topic in detail, by exploring and discussing methods of employment of Chitosan in enzymatic immobilization processes with various enzymes, presenting its advantages and disadvantages, as well as listing possible chemical modifications and combinations with other compounds for formulating an ideal support for this purpose. First, we will present Chitosan emphasizing its characteristics that allow its use as enzyme support. Furthermore, we will discuss possible physicochemical modifications that can be made to Chitosan, mentioning the improvements obtained in each process. These discussions will enable a comprehensive comparison between, and an informed choice of, the best technologies concerning enzyme immobilization and the application conditions of the biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Luck Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lima de Menezes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isamayra Germano de Sousa
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luthierre Gama Cavalcante
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Katerine da Silva Moreira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Barros de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Ferreira Mota
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José Erick da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Italo Rafael de Aguiar Falcão
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Thales Guimaraes Rocha
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bussons Rodrigues Valério
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristiane Martins de Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil.
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Dodero A, Schlatter G, Hébraud A, Vicini S, Castellano M. Polymer-free cyclodextrin and natural polymer-cyclodextrin electrospun nanofibers: A comprehensive review on current applications and future perspectives. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118042. [PMID: 33910745 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present review discusses the use of cyclodextrins and their derivatives to prepare electrospun nanofibers with specific features. Cyclodextrins, owing to their unique capability to form inclusion complexes with hydrophobic and volatile molecules, can indeed facilitate the encapsulation of bioactive compounds in electrospun nanofibers allowing fast-dissolving products for food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical purposes, filtering materials for wastewater and air purification, as well as a variety of other technological applications. Additionally, cyclodextrins can improve the processability of naturally occurring biopolymers helping the fabrication of "green" materials with a strong industrial relevance. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art of different cyclodextrins-based nanofibers including those made of pure cyclodextrins, of polycyclodextrins, and those made of natural biopolymer functionalized with cyclodextrins. To this end, the advantages and disadvantages of such approaches and their possible applications are investigated along with the current limitations in the exploitation of electrospinning at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dodero
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa, 16146, Italy
| | - Guy Schlatter
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), CNRS UMR 7515, ECPM - University of Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France.
| | - Anne Hébraud
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), CNRS UMR 7515, ECPM - University of Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| | - Silvia Vicini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa, 16146, Italy
| | - Maila Castellano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa, 16146, Italy.
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Identification of a novel tailor-made chitinase from white shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111747. [PMID: 33839476 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (commonly named banana shrimp) is one of the most important farmed crustacean worldwide species for the fisheries and aquaculture industry. Besides its nutritional value, it is a good source of chitinase, an enzyme with excellent biological and catalytic properties for many industrial applications. In the present study, a putative chitinase-encoding cDNA was synthesized from mRNA from F. merguiensis hepatopancreas tissue. Subsequently, the corresponding cDNA was cloned, sequenced and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant F. merguiensis chitinase (rFmCHI) was purified by His-tag affinity chromatography. The bioinformatics analysis of aminoacid sequence of rFmCHI displayed a cannonical multidomain architecture in chitinases which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18 chitinase). Biochemical characterization revealed rFmCHI as a monomeric enzyme of molecular weight 52 kDa with maximum activity at 40 °C and pH 6.0 Moreover, the recombinant enzyme is also stable up to 60 °C, and in the pH range 5.0-8.0. Steady-state kinetic studies for colloidal chitin revealed KM, Vmax and kcat values of 78.18 μM, 0.07261 μM. min-1 and 43.37 s-1, respectively. Overall, our results aim to demonstrate the potential of rFmCHI as suitable catalyst for bioconversion of chitin waste.
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213
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.
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214
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Kumar S, Foroozesh J. Chitin nanocrystals based complex fluids: A green nanotechnology. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117619. [PMID: 33541647 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chitin biopolymer has received significant attention recently by many industries as a green technology. Nanotechnology has been used to make chitin nanocrystals (ChiNCs) that are rod-shaped natural nanomaterials with nanoscale size. Owing to the unique features such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, rod-shape, and excellent surface and interfacial, physiochemical, and thermo-mechanical properties; ChiNCs have been green and attractive products with wide applications specifically in medical and pharmaceutical, food and packaging, cosmetic, electrical, and electronic, and also in the oil and gas industry. This review aims to give a comprehensive and applied insight into ChiNCs technology. It starts with reviewing different sources of chitin and their extraction methods followed by the characterization of ChiNCs. Furthermore, a detailed investigation into various complex fluids (dispersions, emulsions, foams, and gels) stabilized by ChiNCs and their characterisation have been thoroughly deliberated. Finally, the current status including ground-breaking applications, untapped investigations, and future prospective have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia
| | - Jalal Foroozesh
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia.
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215
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Preparation methods and applications of chitosan nanoparticles; with an outlook toward reinforcement of biodegradable packaging. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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216
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Degli Esposti M, Morselli D, Fava F, Bertin L, Cavani F, Viaggi D, Fabbri P. The role of biotechnology in the transition from plastics to bioplastics: an opportunity to reconnect global growth with sustainability. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:967-983. [PMID: 33595898 PMCID: PMC8016133 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Building new value chains, through the valorization of biomass components for the development of innovative bio-based products (BBPs) aimed at specific market sectors, will accelerate the transition from traditional production technologies to the concept of biorefineries. Recent studies aimed at mapping the most relevant innovations undergoing in the field of BBPs (Fabbri et al. 2019, Final Report of the Task 3 BIOSPRI Tender Study on Support to R&I Policy in the Area of Bio-based Products and Services, delivered to the European Commission (DG RTD)), clearly showed the dominant position played by the plastics sector, in which new materials and innovative technical solutions based on renewable resources, concretely contribute to the achievement of relevant global sustainability goals. New sustainable solutions for the plastic sector, either bio-based or bio-based and biodegradable, have been intensely investigated in recent years. The global bioplastics and biopolymers market size is expected to grow from USD 10.5 billion in 2020 to USD 27.9 billion by 2025 (Markets and Markets, 2020, Bioplastics & Biopolymers Market by Type (Non-Biodegradable/Bio-Based, Biodegradable), End-Use Industry (Packaging, Consumer Goods, Automotive & Transportation, Textiles, Agriculture & Horticulture), Region - Global Forecast to 2025), and this high growth is driven primarily by the growth of the global packaging end-use industry. Such relevant opportunities are the outcomes of intensive scientific and technological research devoted to the development of new materials with selected technical features, which can represent feasible substitutes for the fossil-based plastic materials currently used in the packaging sectors and other main fields. This article offers a map of the latest developments connected to the plastic sector, achieved through the application of biotechnological routes for the preparation of completely new polymeric structures, or drop-in substitutes derived from renewable resources, and it describes the specific role played by biotechnology in promoting and making this transition faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Degli Esposti
- Department of Civil, ChemicalEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringAlma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaItaly
- Bologna UnitNational Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)FirenzeItaly
| | - Davide Morselli
- Department of Civil, ChemicalEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringAlma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaItaly
- Bologna UnitNational Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)FirenzeItaly
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, ChemicalEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringAlma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Bertin
- Department of Civil, ChemicalEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringAlma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaItaly
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Bologna UnitNational Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)FirenzeItaly
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’Alma Mater StudiorumUniversità di BolognaItaly
| | - Davide Viaggi
- Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaItaly
| | - Paola Fabbri
- Department of Civil, ChemicalEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringAlma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaItaly
- Bologna UnitNational Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)FirenzeItaly
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217
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Šimat V, Čagalj M, Skroza D, Gardini F, Tabanelli G, Montanari C, Hassoun A, Ozogul F. Sustainable sources for antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds used in meat and seafood products. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 97:55-118. [PMID: 34311904 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of food in promotion of health has become of most importance. The challenges that lie before the global food supply chain, such as climate changes, food contamination, and antimicrobial resistance may compromise food safety at international scale. Compounds with strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activity can be extracted from different natural and sustainable sources and may contribute to extend the shelf life of meat and seafood products, enhance food safety and enrich foods with additional biologically active and functional ingredients. This chapter describes the use of bioprotective cultures, essential oils, plant extracts, seaweed extracts and grape pomace compounds in production of value-added meat and seafood products with improved shelf life and safety, following the requests from the market and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Danijela Skroza
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Fausto Gardini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Tabanelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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218
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Cabrera-Barjas G, González C, Nesic A, Marrugo KP, Gómez O, Delattre C, Valdes O, Yin H, Bravo G, Cea J. Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:184. [PMID: 33810536 PMCID: PMC8065767 DOI: 10.3390/md19040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-chitin was isolated from marine waste, giant Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas, and further converted to nanofibers by use of a collider machine under acidic conditions (pH 3). The FTIR, TGA, and NMR analysis confirmed the efficient extraction of β-chitin. The SEM, TEM, and XRD characterization results verified that β-chitin crystalline structure were maintained after mechanical treatment. The mean particle size of β-chitin nanofibers was in the range between 10 and 15 nm, according to the TEM analysis. In addition, the β-chitin nanofibers were converted into films by the simple solvent-casting and drying process at 60 °C. The obtained films had high lightness, which was evidenced by the CIELAB color test. Moreover, the films showed the medium swelling degree (250-290%) in aqueous solutions of different pH and good mechanical resistance in the range between 4 and 17 MPa, depending on film thickness. The results obtained in this work show that marine waste can be efficiently converted to biomaterial by use of mild extractive conditions and simple mechanical treatment, offering great potential for the future development of sustainable multifunctional materials for various industrial applications such as food packaging, agriculture, and/or wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristian González
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4051381, Chile;
| | - Aleksandra Nesic
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
- Department of Chemical Dynamics and Permanent Education, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica-Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kelly P. Marrugo
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070371, Chile;
| | - Oscar Gómez
- Carbon and Catalysis Laboratory (CarboCat), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Clermont Auvergne INP, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Institute Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oscar Valdes
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Gaston Bravo
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Juan Cea
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
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219
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Lobine D, Rengasamy KRR, Mahomoodally MF. Functional foods and bioactive ingredients harnessed from the ocean: current status and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5794-5823. [PMID: 33724095 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1893643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With an increase in life expectancy and decrease of quality-of-life couple with the high prevalence of diseases, diet is expected to play a key function in sustaining human health. Nutritionists, food technologists and medical experts are working in synergy to cater for the increasing demand of food with associated therapeutic benefits, commonly known as functional food, that may improve well-being and reduce the risk of diseases. Interestingly, the marine ecosystem, due to its abundant and phenomenal biodiversity of marine organisms, constitutes a vital source of a panoply of healthy foods supply for the thriving functional food industry. Marine organisms such as seaweeds, sea cucumbers, sponges, and mollusks amongst others are sources of thousands of biologically active metabolites with antioxidant, anti-parasitic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Given the growing number of research and interest to probe into the therapeutic roles of marine products, this review was designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the therapeutic properties of marine organisms (macroalgae, sea cucumbers and fish among others) which are consumed worldwide, in addition to their potentials and as sources of functional ingredients for developing novel food and fostering wellness. The gap between research development and actual commercialization, and future prospects of marine-based products also summarized to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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220
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Chang SH. Gold(III) recovery from aqueous solutions by raw and modified chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117423. [PMID: 33483013 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, a prestigious versatile biopolymer, has recently received considerable attention as a promising biosorbent for recovering gold ions, mainly Au(III), from aqueous solutions, particularly in modified forms. Confirming the assertion, this paper provides an up-to-date overview of Au(III) recovery from aqueous solutions by raw (unmodified) and modified chitosan. A particular emphasis is placed on the raw chitosan and its synthesis from chitin, characteristics of raw chitosan and their effects on metal sorption, modifications of raw chitosan for Au(III) sorption, and characterization of raw chitosan before and after modifications for Au(III) sorption. Comparisons of the sorption (conditions, percentage, capacity, selectivity, isotherms, thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanisms), desorption (agents and percentage), and reusable properties between raw and modified chitosan in Au(III) recovery from aqueous solutions are also outlined and discussed. The major challenges and future prospects towards the large-scale applications of modified chitosan in Au(III) recovery from aqueous solutions are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Hua Chang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Penang, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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221
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Arenas I, Ribeiro M, Filipe-Ribeiro L, Vilamarim R, Costa E, Siopa J, Cosme F, Nunes FM. Effect of Pre-Fermentative Maceration and Fining Agents on Protein Stability, Macromolecular, and Phenolic Composition of Albariño White Wines: Comparative Efficiency of Chitosan, k-Carrageenan and Bentonite as Heat Stabilisers. Foods 2021; 10:608. [PMID: 33809375 PMCID: PMC8001008 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effect of pre-fermentative skin maceration (PFSM) on the chemical composition of the macromolecular fraction, polysaccharides and proteins, phenolic compounds, chromatic characteristics, and protein stability of Albariño monovarietal white wines was studied. PFSM increased the extraction of phenolic compounds and polysaccharides and reduced the extraction of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs). PFSM wine showed significantly higher protein instability. Sodium and calcium bentonites were used for protein stabilisation of wines obtained with PFSM (+PFSM) and without PFSM (-PFSM), and their efficiencies compared to fungal chitosan (FCH) and k-carrageenan. k-Carrageenan reduced the content of PRPs and the protein instability in both wines, and it was more efficient than sodium and calcium bentonites. FCH was unable to heat stabilise both wines, and PRPs levels remained unaltered. On the other hand, FCH decreased the levels of wine polysaccharides by 60%. Sodium and calcium bentonite also decreased the levels of wine polysaccharides although to a lower extent (16% to 59%). k-Carrageenan did not affect the wine polysaccharide levels. Overall, k-carrageenan is suitable for white wine protein stabilisation, having a more desirable impact on the wine macromolecular fraction than the other fining agents, reducing the levels of the wine PRPs without impacting polysaccharide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inma Arenas
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.A.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.); (R.V.); (E.C.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Miguel Ribeiro
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.A.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.); (R.V.); (E.C.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Luís Filipe-Ribeiro
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.A.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.); (R.V.); (E.C.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Rafael Vilamarim
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.A.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.); (R.V.); (E.C.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Elisa Costa
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.A.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.); (R.V.); (E.C.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
| | - João Siopa
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.A.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.); (R.V.); (E.C.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.A.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.); (R.V.); (E.C.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
- Biology and Environment Department, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.A.); (M.R.); (L.F.-R.); (R.V.); (E.C.); (J.S.); (F.C.)
- Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Like Ginting E, Poluan GG, L Wantania L, Mauren Moko E, Warouw V, S Siby M, Wullur S. Screening and Identification of Sponge-Associated Chitinolytic Bacteria by Forming Chitosan from Manado Bay, Indonesia. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:227-234. [PMID: 33683052 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.227.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chitosan can be produced through the enzymatic process catalyzed by chitin deacetylase which can be produced by bacteria. The biotransformation of chitin to chitosan by bacteria is interesting because the process is economical and environmentally friendly. This study described the potential of sponge-associated bacterium capability in degrading chitin and forming chitosan. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bacteria were isolated from sponge Cribrochalina sp. at Manado Bay, Indonesia. In the screening of the chitinase activity of bacteria, chitin media was used. Meanwhile, the transformation of chitin to chitosan was tested by using Chitinase Degrading Activity media. Molecular identification of bacteria was based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. RESULTS The results showed that the SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4 and SS5 bacterial isolates could degrade chitin based on chitinolytic indexes. These five bacteria could also form chitosan exhibited through the presence of chitosan in the form of precipitation in the fermented broth of bacteria. SS1 had the highest chitinase activity based on the chitinolytic index identified as Bacillus subtilis (100% identity), hence it is called B. subtilis strain SS1. The partial rRNA gene sequences data were deposited at GenBank under accession number MN999892. CONCLUSION The bacteria strain isolated from Cribrochalina sp. can be utilized in degrading chitin and form chitosan which could be a promising candidate for an economical and eco-friendly process of chitosan.
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Kun‐asa K, Reubroycharoen P, Yamazaki K, Mimura N, Sato O, Yamaguchi A. Magnesium Oxide-Catalyzed Conversion of Chitin to Lactic Acid. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:308-315. [PMID: 33492785 PMCID: PMC7953471 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chitin, an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polysaccharide, can be converted to valuable products by means of homogeneous catalysis, most of the chitin generated by food processing is treated as industrial waste. Thus, a method for converting this abundant source of biomass to useful chemicals, such as lactic acid, would be beneficial. In this study, we determined the catalytic activities of various metal oxides for chitin conversion at 533 K and found that MgO showed the highest activity for lactic acid production. X-ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis showed that the MgO was transformed to Mg(OH)2 during chitin conversion. The highest yield of lactic acid (10.8 %) was obtained when the reaction was carried out for 6 h with 0.5 g of the MgO catalyst. The catalyst could be recovered as a solid residue after the reaction and reused twice with no decrease in the lactic acid yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodchakon Kun‐asa
- Research Institute for Chemical Process TechnologyNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)4-2-1 Nigatake, MiyaginoSendai983-8551Japan
- Department of Chemical TechnologyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn University PathumwanBangkok10330Thailand
| | - Prasert Reubroycharoen
- Department of Chemical TechnologyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn University PathumwanBangkok10330Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials TechnologyChulalongkorn University Research BuildingBangkok10330Thailand
| | - Kiyoyuki Yamazaki
- Research Institute for Chemical Process TechnologyNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)4-2-1 Nigatake, MiyaginoSendai983-8551Japan
| | - Naoki Mimura
- Research Institute for Chemical Process TechnologyNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)4-2-1 Nigatake, MiyaginoSendai983-8551Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Research Institute for Chemical Process TechnologyNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)4-2-1 Nigatake, MiyaginoSendai983-8551Japan
| | - Aritomo Yamaguchi
- Research Institute for Chemical Process TechnologyNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)4-2-1 Nigatake, MiyaginoSendai983-8551Japan
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Preparation and characterization of antibacterial nano cerium oxide/chitosan/hydroxyethylcellulose/polyethylene glycol composite films. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:351-359. [PMID: 33621576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the rapidly increasing biological applications and antibacterial properties of versatile nano cerium oxide particles, the effects of these particles on chitosan-based films were investigated. Chitosan-based composite films with and without cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a casting method. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) was used for the flexibility of films, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a plasticizer in the blending stage of film preparation. Characterizations of films were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Cerium oxide nanoparticle incorporation enhanced the antibacterial activity of chitosan-based films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This composite film is proposed as packaging or coating material because of its flexibility, antibacterial efficacy, and good mechanical strength.
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Crosino A, Moscato E, Blangetti M, Carotenuto G, Spina F, Bordignon S, Puech-Pagès V, Anfossi L, Volpe V, Prandi C, Gobetto R, Varese GC, Genre A. Extraction of short chain chitooligosaccharides from fungal biomass and their use as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3798. [PMID: 33589668 PMCID: PMC7884697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain chitooligosaccharides (COs) are chitin derivative molecules involved in plant-fungus signaling during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions. In host plants, COs activate a symbiotic signalling pathway that regulates AM-related gene expression. Furthermore, exogenous CO application was shown to promote AM establishment, with a major interest for agricultural applications of AM fungi as biofertilizers. Currently, the main source of commercial COs is from the shrimp processing industry, but purification costs and environmental concerns limit the convenience of this approach. In an attempt to find a low cost and low impact alternative, this work aimed to isolate, characterize and test the bioactivity of COs from selected strains of phylogenetically distant filamentous fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus, Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Trichoderma viride. Our optimized protocol successfully isolated short chain COs from lyophilized fungal biomass. Fungal COs were more acetylated and displayed a higher biological activity compared to shrimp-derived COs, a feature that-alongside low production costs-opens promising perspectives for the large scale use of COs in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Crosino
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Moscato
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Spina
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Bordignon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Virginie Puech-Pagès
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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226
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Rajabi M, McConnell M, Cabral J, Ali MA. Chitosan hydrogels in 3D printing for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117768. [PMID: 33712126 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have entered a new stage of development by the recent progress in biology, material sciences, and particularly an emerging additive manufacturing technique, three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing is an advanced biofabrication technique which can generate patient-specific scaffolds with highly complex geometries while hosting cells and bioactive agents to accelerate tissue regeneration. Chitosan hydrogels themselves have been widely used for various biomedical applications due to its abundant availability, structural features and favorable biological properties; however, the 3D printing of chitosan-based hydrogels is still under early exploration. Therefore, 3D printing technologies represent a new avenue to explore the potential application of chitosan as an ink for 3D printing, or as a coating on other 3D printed scaffolds. The combination of chitosan-based hydrogels and 3D printing holds much promise in the development of next generation biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Rajabi
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jaydee Cabral
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Azam Ali
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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227
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Chitosan and chitooligosaccharides attenuate soyabean meal-induced intestinal inflammation of turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus): possible involvement of NF-кB, activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1651-1662. [PMID: 33550994 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate and confront the putative functions of chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharide (COS) in the growth and homoeostasis of distal intestine in juvenile turbots fed diets containing soyabean meal (SBM). Three isolipidic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated by supplemented basal diet (based on a 400 g/kg SBM) with 7·5 g/kg CTS or with 2·0 g/kg COS. Our results indicated that both CTS and COS supplementation could significantly improve (i) the growth performance and feed efficiency ratio; (ii) antioxidant activity driven by metabolic enzymes (i.e. catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase); (iii) glutathione levels; (iv) acid phosphatase and lysozyme activity and (v) IgM content. As a result, these two particular prebiotics were able to significantly attenuate the histological alterations due to local inflammation as well as to decrease the transcriptional levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) and major pathway effectors (i.e. activator protein-1 (AP-1), NF-кB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular regulated kinase). High-throughput sequencing data indicated that dietary CTS and COS could significantly decrease the diversity of intestinal bacteria but elevate the relative abundances of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas genera. Altogether, these findings suggest that CTS and COS can improve growth of turbot, enhance intestinal immune and anti-oxidant systems and promote the balance of intestinal microbiota. The protective effects, elicited by these two prebiotics, against SBM-induced inflammation could be attributed to their roles in alleviating the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines by possibly down-regulating NF-кB, AP-1 and/or mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways.
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Tampucci S, Castagna A, Monti D, Manera C, Saccomanni G, Chetoni P, Zucchetti E, Barbagallo M, Fazio L, Santin M, Ranieri A. Tyrosol-Enriched Tomatoes by Diffusion across the Fruit Peel from a Chitosan Coating: A Proposal of Functional Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020335. [PMID: 33557256 PMCID: PMC7915486 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is receiving increasing attention from the food industry for being a biodegradable, non-toxic, antimicrobial biopolymer able to extend the shelf life of, and preserve the quality of, fresh food. However, few studies have investigated the ability of chitosan-based coatings to allow the diffusion of bioactive compounds into the food matrix to improve its nutraceutical quality. This research is aimed at testing whether a hydrophilic molecule (tyrosol) could diffuse from the chitosan-tyrosol coating and cross the tomato peel. To this end, in vitro permeation tests using excised tomato peel and an in vivo application of chitosan-tyrosol coating on tomato fruit, followed by tyrosol quantification in intact fruit, peel and flesh during a seven-day storage at room temperature, were performed. Both approaches demonstrated the ability of tyrosol to permeate across the fruit peel. Along with a decreased tyrosol content in the peel, its concentration within the flesh was increased, indicating an active transfer of tyrosol into this tissue. This finding, together with the maintenance of constant tyrosol levels during the seven-day storage period, is very promising for the use of chitosan formulations to produce functional tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.T.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (E.Z.); (M.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-6608
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.T.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (E.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.T.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (E.Z.); (M.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Saccomanni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.T.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (E.Z.); (M.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.T.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (E.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Erica Zucchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.T.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (E.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Mariacristina Barbagallo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.T.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (E.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Fazio
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.S.)
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229
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Go G, Yoo A, Song HW, Min HK, Zheng S, Nguyen KT, Kim S, Kang B, Hong A, Kim CS, Park JO, Choi E. Multifunctional Biodegradable Microrobot with Programmable Morphology for Biomedical Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1059-1076. [PMID: 33290042 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We described a magnetic chitosan microscaffold tailored for applications requiring high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and monitoring by real-time imaging. Such magnetic microscaffolds exhibit adjustable pores and sizes depending on the target application and provide various functions such as magnetic actuation and enhanced cell adhesion using biomaterial-based magnetic particles. Subsequently, we fabricated the magnetic chitosan microscaffolds with optimized shape and pore properties to specific target diseases. As a versatile tool, the capability of the developed microscaffold was demonstrated through in vitro laboratory tasks and in vivo therapeutic applications for liver cancer therapy and knee cartilage regeneration. We anticipate that the optimal design and fabrication of the presented microscaffold will advance the technology of biopolymer-based microscaffolds and micro/nanorobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangjun Go
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Ami Yoo
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Woo Song
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Min
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
| | - Shirong Zheng
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Kim Tien Nguyen
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
| | - Seokjae Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
| | - Byungjeon Kang
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Ayoung Hong
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Chang-Sei Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
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230
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Begum S, Yuhana NY, Md Saleh N, Kamarudin NHN, Sulong AB. Review of chitosan composite as a heavy metal adsorbent: Material preparation and properties. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117613. [PMID: 33673980 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of wastewater is typically discharged into water bodies and has extremely harmful effects to aquatic environments. The removal of heavy metals from water bodies is necessary for the safe consumption of water and human activities. The demand for seafood has considerably increased, and millions of tons of crustacean waste are discarded every year. These waste products are rich in a natural biopolymer known as chitin. The deacetylated form of chitin, chitosan, has attracted attention as an adsorbent. It is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that can be modified and converted to various derivatives. This review paper focuses on relevant literature on strategies for chemically modifying the biopolymer and its use in the removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater. The different aspects of chitosan-based derivatives and their preparation and application are elucidated. A list of chitosan-based composites, along with their adsorptivity and experimental conditions, are compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbah Begum
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Yuliana Yuhana
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noorashikin Md Saleh
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Sulong
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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231
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da Silva Alves DC, Healy B, Pinto LADA, Cadaval TRS, Breslin CB. Recent Developments in Chitosan-Based Adsorbents for the Removal of Pollutants from Aqueous Environments. Molecules 2021; 26:594. [PMID: 33498661 PMCID: PMC7866017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of water is continuously under threat as increasing concentrations of pollutants escape into the aquatic environment. However, these issues can be alleviated by adsorbing pollutants onto adsorbents. Chitosan and its composites are attracting considerable interest as environmentally acceptable adsorbents and have the potential to remove many of these contaminants. In this review the development of chitosan-based adsorbents is described and discussed. Following a short introduction to the extraction of chitin from seafood wastes, followed by its conversion to chitosan, the properties of chitosan are described. Then, the emerging chitosan/carbon-based materials, including magnetic chitosan and chitosan combined with graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, biochar, and activated carbon and also chitosan-silica composites are introduced. The applications of these materials in the removal of various heavy metal ions, including Cr(VI), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and different cationic and anionic dyes, phenol and other organic molecules, such as antibiotics, are reviewed, compared and discussed. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics are then highlighted and followed by details on the mechanisms of adsorption and the role of the chitosan and the carbon or silica supports. Based on the reviewed papers, it is clear, that while some challenges remain, chitosan-based materials are emerging as promising adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele C. da Silva Alves
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (D.C.d.S.A.); (B.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; (L.A.d.A.P.); (T.R.S.C.J.)
| | - Bronach Healy
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (D.C.d.S.A.); (B.H.)
| | - Luiz A. de Almeida Pinto
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; (L.A.d.A.P.); (T.R.S.C.J.)
| | - Tito R. Sant’Anna Cadaval
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; (L.A.d.A.P.); (T.R.S.C.J.)
| | - Carmel B. Breslin
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (D.C.d.S.A.); (B.H.)
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232
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Figueiredo L, Gregório AVL, Rodrigues A, Rosa PAR. Influence of strain rate on the mechanical behavior of dry and hydrated chitosan-based dense materials for bioabsorbable implant applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104337. [PMID: 33516130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan has generated enormous interest in the scientific community because of its distinctive biological and physicochemical properties, which allow new advanced structures and applications. Porous chitosan scaffolds have been extensively studied and explored in bone generation, however it is still a challenge to obtain bioabsorbable orthopedic implants that involves pure 3D dense chitosan geometries due to the inherent difficulties in producing and shaping such structures. In this work, chitosan was blended with 10% glycerol and 10% glycerol + 10% biphasic mixture of calcium phosphate (70% hydroxyapatite with 30% β-tricalcium phosphate) to produce dense chitosan-based blocks, which were then shaped into rods. The introduction of plasticizer aimed to improve the materials ductility while the ceramic particles were used to increase stiffness and strength. The mechanical behavior of the two chitosan-based compositions was evaluated by uniaxial compression tests using a customized split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The specimens were analysed in quasi-static conditions (less than 0.1 s-1) and medium strain rate conditions (200-800 s-1), both in dry state and in different hydrated conditions, in the latter case to approximate the in vivo implant conditions. The results showed promising results for the intended application. The chitosan blends present excellent ductility with an elastic perfect-plastic behavior in quasi-static conditions, with yield stresses around 40 MPa for the dry state, with a decay for 3 MPa after 48h hydration. An empirical model was proposed to describe the flow stress curves, with a good agreement with the experimental data, allowing future modelling of this material behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Figueiredo
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; Bioceramed S.A., Rua José Gomes Ferreira 1, Armazém D. 2660-360, São Julião do Tojal, Portugal.
| | - Afonso V L Gregório
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rodrigues
- CIMOSM, ISEL - Center for Research in Modeling and Optimization of Multifunctional Systems, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro A R Rosa
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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233
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Nishad PA, Bhaskarapillai A, Srinivasan MP, Rangarajan S. New insight into the role of crosslinkers and composition on selectivity and kinetics of antimony uptake by chitosan-titania composite beads. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractRole of composition and the nature of crosslinking on the properties of titania-chitosan beads have been investigated in detail. The investigations were done in order to explore the feasibility of design and synthesis of titania-chitosan beads with bespoke functionality based on the intended application. This would greatly enhance the potential for the industrial application of these biopolymer based beads. Beads of varying compositions (of titania and chitosan) were prepared and crosslinked using epichlorohydrin or glutaraldehyde. The physical characteristics and antimony binding properties of the resultant crosslinked titania-chitosan beads were investigated in detail. Influence of chitosan amount on swelling was seen to be more predominant in the glutaraldehyde crosslinked beads (TA-Cts-Glu). TA-Cts-Glu beads showed more swelling and better antimony (Sb(III) and Sb(V)) uptake as compared to the epichlorohydrin crosslinked beads (TA-CTS-Epi). While TA-Cts-Glu beads showed faster uptake kinetics compared to the TA-CTS-Epi beads, the latter showed selectivity towards Sb(III) against transition metal cations. Further, the beads exhibited differential uptake of Sb(V) and Sb(III). TA-Cts-Glu beads prepared with equal amounts of titania and chitosan showed the maximum Sb(V) uptake while the TA-Cts-Epi beads with higher chitosan to titania ratio showed the least. Sb(V) binding was enhanced by the crosslinked chitosan, while the Sb(III) uptake was aided predominantly by the titania content in the beads.
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234
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Chen W, Cheng H, Jiang Q, Xia W. The characterization and biological activities of synthetic N, O-selenized chitosan derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:504-512. [PMID: 33460653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic selenium polysaccharides with potential bioactivity have drawn great interest due to the SeO bonds existing in the structure. Herein, N, O-selenized N-(2-carboxyethyl) chitosan (sNCCS) was synthesized through carboxyethylation and selenylation. Various characterizations were performed to identify the structure of sNCCS, indicating that SeO bonds were formed both at the C-6 hydroxyl groups and the introduced C-2 carboxyethyl groups. The highest yield and selenium content of all sNCCS reached 84.5% and 1.553 mg/g, respectively. In vitro evaluation exhibited that sNCCS has excellent bile acid binding capacity, which was 1.63, 2.00, and 2.55-fold higher than that of N-(2-carboxyethyl) chitosan (NCCS). Moreover, it was found that higher selenium content could significantly enhance the antioxidant properties of sNCCS. Importantly, no obvious cytotoxic effect had been observed on Caco-2 cells. Taken together, sNCCS with desirable biological activity and non-cytotoxicity might be considered as an effective ingredient in the fields of food or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwen Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Qixing Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wenshui Xia
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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235
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Functional properties of chitosan derivatives obtained through Maillard reaction: A novel promising food preservative. Food Chem 2021; 349:129072. [PMID: 33556729 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an insight about the functional properties of chitosan obtained through Maillard reaction to enhance the shelf life and food quality. Maillard reaction is a promising and safe method to obtain commercial water-soluble chitosan's through Schiff base linkage and Amadori or Heyns rearrangement. Likewise, chitosan derivatives exert an enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant, and emulsifying properties due to the development of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) like reductones and melanoidins. Additionally, the application of chitosan-MRPs effectively inhibited the microbial spoilage, reduced lipid oxidative, and extended the shelf life and the quality of fresh food products. Therefore, understand the potential of chitosan-MRPs derivatives as a functional biomaterial to improve the postharvest quality and extending the shelf life of food products will scale up its application as a food preservative.
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236
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Zhang C, Li Y, Zhang T, Zhao H. Increasing chitosanase production in Bacillus cereus by a novel mutagenesis and screen method. Bioengineered 2021; 12:266-277. [PMID: 33356788 PMCID: PMC8806256 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1869438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan hydrolysis by chitosanase is one of the most effective methods to produce chitosan oligosaccharides. One of the prerequisites of enzyme fermentation production is to select and breed enzyme-producing cells with good performance. So in the process of fermentation production, the low yield of chitosanase cannot meet the current requirement. In this paper, a strain producing chitosanase was screened and identified, and a novel mutagenesis system (Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP)) was selected to increase the yield of chitosanase. Then, the fermentation medium was optimized to further improve the enzyme activity of the strain. A strain of Bacillus cereus capable of producing chitosanase was screened and identified from soil samples. A mutant strain of B.cereus was obtained by Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma mutagenesis and bioscreening method, and chitosanase activity was 2.49 folds that of the original bacterium. After an optimized fermentation medium, the enzyme activity of the mutant strain was 1.47 folds that of the original bacterium. Combined with all the above optimization experiments, the enzyme activity of mutant strain increased by 3.66 times. The results showed that the Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma mutagenesis and bioscreening method could significantly increase the yield of chitosanase in B.cereus, and had little effect on the properties of the enzyme. These findings have potential applications in the mutagenesis of other enzyme-producing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Tianshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, P. R. China
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237
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Zhu X, Chen J, Hu Y, Zhang N, Fu Y, Chen X. Tuning complexation of carboxymethyl cellulose/ cationic chitosan to stabilize Pickering emulsion for curcumin encapsulation. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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238
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Tsurkan MV, Voronkina A, Khrunyk Y, Wysokowski M, Petrenko I, Ehrlich H. Progress in chitin analytics. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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239
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Frenț OD, Vicaș L, Jurca T, Ciocan S, Duteanu N, Pallag A, Muresan M, Marian E, Negrea A, Micle O. A Review: Uses of Chitosan in Pharmaceutical Forms. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 184:121-157. [PMID: 35266054 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide widespread in nature. It has many unique and attractive properties for the pharmaceutical field: it is biodegradable, safe, hypoallergenic, biocompatible with the body, free of toxicity, with proven anticholesterolemic, antibacterial, and antimycotic action. In this review we highlighted the physical, chemical, mechanical, mucoadhesive, etc. properties of chitosan to be taken into account when obtaining various pharmaceutical forms. The methods by which the pharmaceutical forms based on chitosan are obtained are very extensive, and in this study only the most common ones were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Daniela Frenț
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Laura Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Tunde Jurca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Narcis Duteanu
- Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Annamaria Pallag
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Mariana Muresan
- Department of Preclinical Discipline, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Adina Negrea
- Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Micle
- Department of Preclinical Discipline, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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240
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Chean SX, Hoh PY, How YH, Nyam KL, Pui LP. Microencapsulation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with inulin and evaluation of survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and roselle juice. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the survivability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v encapsulated in chitosan-coated calcium alginate beads with inulin as prebiotic in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and roselle juice. The concentration of calcium chloride and inulin for L. plantarum 299v microencapsulation was optimised and the survivability of free and microencapsulated L. plantarum was assessed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Storage stability of the optimised encapsulated L. plantarum 299v-inulin was determined throughout four (4) weeks of storage in roselle juice at 4 °C and 25 °C. The optimized formula for L. plantarum 299v was 2.0% (w/v) of calcium chloride and 3.0% (w/v) of inulin. Optimized calcium alginate-chitosan L. plantarum 299v microbeads with inulin did not affect (p > 0.05) the bead diameter, with a mean diameter of 685.27 μm, and microencapsulation efficiency of 95%. Encapsulated L. plantarum 299v with inulin showed higher survivability (>107 CFU/mL) than free cells and encapsulated L. plantarum 299v without inulin under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and after four (4) weeks of storage in roselle juice at 4 °C. The results indicate that co-extrusion encapsulation and addition of inulin had improved the viability of L. plantarum 299v in roselle juice by protecting probiotic against unfavourable gastrointestinal conditions and prolonged storage.
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241
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Mallakpour S, Sirous F, Hussain CM. Green synthesis of nano-Al 2O 3, recent functionalization, and fabrication of synthetic or natural polymer nanocomposites: various technological applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly fabrication of nano-Al2O3, recent functionalization, and preparation of polymer nanocomposites including natural and man-made polymers with various industrial applications are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fariba Sirous
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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242
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Ozogul F, Elabed N, Ceylan Z, Ocak E, Ozogul Y. Nano-technological approaches for plant and marine-based polysaccharides for nano-encapsulations and their applications in food industry. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 97:187-236. [PMID: 34311900 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel food preservation methods, along with preservatives have been employed to prevent food products from spoilage. There is an increasing demand to substitute synthetic preservatives with natural bioactive compounds since they are safe and environmentally friendly. Bioactive compounds with functional and therapeutic properties are found in foods and have also beneficial physiological and immunological health effects. However, there are some issues associated with bioactive compounds, such as low stability, solubility, and permeability. Encapsulation techniques, especially nano-encapsulation, are a promising technique to overcome these restrictions. A range of the plants' constituents can be converted into bio-nanomaterials. Major plant constituents are polysaccharides which have good biocompatibility properties and therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor. Among plant and marine-based polysaccharides, cellulose, starch, alginates, chitosan, and carrageenans have been used as carrier materials to preserve core material. Moreover, many studies indicated that favorable sources such as plant and marine based polysaccharides are emerging. This chapter will cover plant and marine-based polysaccharides for nano-encapsulation and their application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Nariman Elabed
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zafer Ceylan
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Elvan Ocak
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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243
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Symbiotic chitin degradation by a novel anaerobic thermophilic bacterium Hydrogenispora sp. UUS1-1 and the bacterium Tepidanaerobacter sp. GT38. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 144:109740. [PMID: 33541575 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant organic compound in nature. Although mesophilic bacteria degrade insoluble chitin, there is a paucity of data describing degradation of insoluble chitin by anaerobic thermophilic bacteria. In this report, we screened cow manure compost for new chitin degradation systems, and identified a chitinolytic bacterial community (CBC) that showed high chitin degradation activity under thermophilic conditions, i.e., 1% (w/v) chitin powder degraded completely within 7 days at 60 °C. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the CBC was dominated by two bacterial genera from Hydrogenispora, an uncultured taxonomic group, and Tepidanaerobacter. Hydrogenispora were abundant in the early-to-mid stages of culturing with chitin, whereas the population of Tepidanaerobacter increased during the later stages of culturing. Strains UUS1-1 and GT38, which were isolated as pure cultures using the roll-tube method with colloidal chitin, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and glucose as carbon sources, were found to be closely related to H. ethanolica and T. acetatoxydans, respectively. Strain UUS1-1 readily degraded chitin and is the first anaerobic thermophilic chitinolytic bacterium reported, whereas strain GT38 showed no chitinolytic activity. Based on phylogenetic analysis, UUS1-1 and GT38 should be classified as novel genera and species. Zymogram analysis revealed that UUS1-1 produces at least two chitinases with molecular weights of 150 and 40 kDa. A coculture of UUS1-1 and GT38 degraded crystalline chitin faster with lower accumulation of lactate compared with UUS1-1 alone, indicating that the strains maintained a symbiotic association through assimilation of organic acids in chitin degradation and that strain GT38 consumed end-products to reduce end-product inhibition and enhance the degradation of crystalline chitin.
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244
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Kasirajan L, Maupin-Furlow JA. Halophilic archaea and their potential to generate renewable fuels and chemicals. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1066-1090. [PMID: 33241850 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biofuels and chemicals have great potential to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate air pollution by cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions. Chemical, thermal, and enzymatic processes are used to release the sugars from the lignocellulosic biomass for conversion to biofuels. These processes often operate at extreme pH conditions, high salt concentrations, and/or high temperature. These harsh treatments add to the cost of the biofuels, as most known biocatalysts do not operate under these conditions. To increase the economic feasibility of biofuel production, microorganisms that thrive in extreme conditions are considered as ideal resources to generate biofuels and value-added products. Halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) are isolated from hypersaline ecosystems with high salt concentrations approaching saturation (1.5-5 M salt concentration) including environments with extremes in pH and/or temperature. The unique traits of haloarchaea and their enzymes that enable them to sustain catalytic activity in these environments make them attractive resources for use in bioconversion processes that must occur across a wide range of industrial conditions. Biocatalysts (enzymes) derived from haloarchaea occupy a unique niche in organic solvent, salt-based, and detergent industries. This review focuses on the use of haloarchaea and their enzymes to develop and improve biofuel production. The review also highlights how haloarchaea produce value-added products, such as antibiotics, carotenoids, and bioplastic precursors, and can do so using feedstocks considered "too salty" for most microbial processes including wastes from the olive-mill, shell fish, and biodiesel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kasirajan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Julie A Maupin-Furlow
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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245
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Hao R, Peng X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Wang T, Wang W, Zhao Y, Fan X, Chen C, Xu H. Rapid Hemostasis Resulting from the Synergism of Self-Assembling Short Peptide and O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55574-55583. [PMID: 33284021 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel hemostatic agents with distinct modes of action from traditional ones remains a formidable challenge. Self-assembling peptide hydrogels have emerged as a new hemostatic material, not only because of their inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability but also their designability. Especially, rational molecular design can make peptides and their hydrogelation responsive to biological cues. In this study, we demonstrated that transglutaminase-catalyzed reactions not only occurred among designed short peptide I3QGK molecules but also between the peptide and a natural polysaccharide O-carboxymethyl chitosan. Because Factor XIII in the blood can rapidly convert into activated transglutaminase (Factor XIIIa) upon bleeding, these enzymatic reactions, together with the electrostatic attraction between the two hemostatic agents, induced a strong synergetic effect in promoting hydrogelation, blood coagulation, and platelet adhesion, eventually leading to rapid hemostasis. The study presents a promising strategy for developing alternative hemostatic materials and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoting Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xinglong Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Cuixia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
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246
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Use of Turkey Meat Affected by White Striping Myopathy for the Development of Low-Fat Cooked Sausage Enriched with Chitosan. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121866. [PMID: 33333724 PMCID: PMC7765124 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was the development of a healthy meat product from turkey meat with white striping myopathy. The effect of adding different proportions of chitosan on the qualitative characteristics, sensory acceptance, and stability of cooked sausages during storage was studied. Three treatments were elaborated (control, 1.5% chitosan, and 3% chitosan), stored for 56 days, and characterized in terms of chemical composition, texture profile analysis, drip and pressure loss analysis, and sensory analysis (after processing; day 0). In the different storage periods (0 and 56 days), the pH value, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and volatile compounds were evaluated. The results showed that the moisture content, lipids, proteins, and weight loss decreased (p < 0.05) and the ash content increased (p < 0.05) with the addition of chitosan. Similarly, the values of texture parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness) were higher in the sausages reformulated with chitosan than in control samples. The addition of chitosan increased the pH and yellowness (b*) values and reduced (p < 0.05) redness (a*) and lightness (L*) values. The b* values (only in reformulated sausages) and pH increased during storage, while a* showed a significant reduction after 56 storage days. Lipid oxidation (TBARS) was kept below the limits of quantification in all samples and both after processing and 56 storage days. However, when quantifying the lipid-derived volatiles, a clear antioxidant activity of chitosan was observed, which limits the release of these compounds, mainly aldehydes (hexanal and nonanal). Finally, the sensory analysis indicated that, although chitosan treatments received the lowest scores for all attributes, the reformulated samples did not differ from control sausages. Therefore, sausage containing chitosan may represent an interesting alternative for adding value to turkey meats affected by white striping myopathy and, at the same time, develop into a healthy and functional meat product increasing the proportion of fibers in one’s diet.
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247
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Yu D, Zhao W, Yang F, Jiang Q, Xu Y, Xia W. A strategy of ultrasound-assisted processing to improve the performance of bio-based coating preservation for refrigerated carp fillets (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Food Chem 2020; 345:128862. [PMID: 33338838 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of ultrasound-assisted chitooligosaccharides (COS-UA) coating on the quality attributes and microbial composition of refrigerated grass carp fillets were evaluated. The results showed that COS and COS-UA coatings retarded quality deterioration of fillets during storage. Compared to COS coatings, COS-UA treated samples had lower contents of BAs, simultaneously their levels of total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), K value and total viable counts (TVC) were further decreased by 13.6%, 4.2% and 7.8% on day 12, respectively. High-throughput sequencing showed that Aeromonas and Shewanella increased rapidly in control samples and became the main microbiota at day 12. By contrast, both coatings changed the microbial composition and reduced the proportion of spoilage organisms. Based on multiple evaluations, COS-UA extended shelf life of fillets by another 2 days when compared to COS. Therefore, ultrasonic treatment could be considered as an effective supplementary to improve the preservation effect of COS-based coatings for fresh preprocessed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yanshun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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248
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Meneguin AB, Silvestre ALP, Sposito L, de Souza MPC, Sábio RM, Araújo VHS, Cury BSF, Chorilli M. The role of polysaccharides from natural resources to design oral insulin micro- and nanoparticles intended for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 256:117504. [PMID: 33483027 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of insulin (INS) would represent a revolution in the treatment of diabetes, considering that this route mimics the physiological dynamics of endogenous INS. Nano- and microencapsulation exploiting the advantageous polysaccharides properties has been considered an important technological strategy to protect INS against harsh conditions of gastrointestinal tract, in the same time that improve the permeability via transcellular and/or paracellular pathways, safety and in some cases even selectivity for targeting delivery of INS. In fact, some polysaccharides also give to the systems functional properties such as pH-responsiveness, mucoadhesiveness under specific physiological conditions and increased intestinal permeability. In general, all polysaccharides can be functionalized with specific molecules becoming more selective to the cells to which INS is delivered. The present review highlights the advances in the past 10 years on micro- and nanoencapsulation of INS exploiting the unique natural properties of polysaccharides, including chitosan, starch, alginate, pectin, and dextran, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.
| | | | - Larissa Sposito
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Miguel Sábio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Sousa Araújo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
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Ma Q, Gao X, Tu L, Han Q, Zhang X, Guo Y, Yan W, Shen Y, Wang M. Enhanced Chitin Deacetylase Production Ability of Rhodococcus equi CGMCC14861 by Co-culture Fermentation With Staphylococcus sp. MC7. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:592477. [PMID: 33362742 PMCID: PMC7758288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.592477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin deacetylase (CDA) can hydrolyze the acetamido group of chitin polymers and its deacetylated derivatives to produce chitosan, an industrially important biopolymer. Compared with traditional chemical methods, biocatalysis by CDA is more environment-friendly and easy to control. However, most reported CDA-producing microbial strains show low CDA producing capabilities. Thus, the enhancement of CDA production has always been a challenge. In this study, we report co-culture fermentation to significantly promote the CDA production of Rhodococcus equi CGMCC14861 chitin deacetylase (ReCDA). Due to co-culture fermentation with Staphylococcus sp. MC7, ReCDA yield increased to 21.74 times that of pure culture of R. equi. Additionally, the enhancement was demonstrated to be cell-independent by adding cell-free extracts and the filtrate obtained by 10 kDa ultrafiltration of Staphylococcus sp. MC7. By preliminary characterization, we found extracellular, thermosensitive signal substances produced by Staphylococcus that were less than 10 kDa. We investigated the mechanism of promotion of ReCDA production by transcriptomic analysis. The data showed that 328 genes were upregulated and 1,258 genes were downregulated. The transcription level of the gene encoding ReCDA increased 2.3-fold. These findings provide new insights into the research of co-culture fermentation for the production of CDA and quorum sensing regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xiuzhen Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Linna Tu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Han
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yabo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanbing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Chitin Hydrogels Prepared at Various Lithium Chloride/N,N-Dimethylacetamide Solutions by Water Vapor-Induced Phase Inversion. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6645351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin was chemically extracted from crab shells and then dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent with lithium chloride (LiCl) at 3, 5, 7, and 10%. The concentrated chitin-DMAc/LiCl solutions were used for the preparation of chitin hydrogels by water vapor-induced phase inversion at 20°C. The coagulation process was investigated while altering the concentration of LiCl in the DMAc solution. The shear viscosity of the chitin solution increased with higher LiCl amounts and decreased when the concentration of LiCl was reduced by adding water to the chitin solution, implying high LiCl concentration delayed the coagulation of chitin solution in the presence of water. The viscoelasticity of the chitin solutions indicated the gel formation intensification was dependent on the dose of LiCl and chitin in the DMAc solution. After the chitin solution was coagulated, the resultant hydrogels had water contents of 387–461% and the tensile strength varied from 285 to 400 kPa when the concentration of LiCl in the hydrogel was adjusted to 3% and 7%, respectively. As for viscoelasticity, the complex modulus of the chitin hydrogels indicated that the increment of the LiCl concentration up to 7% formed the tight hydrogels. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) image revealed the formation of the entanglement network and larger domains of the aggregated chitin segments. However, the hydrogel prepared at 10% LiCl in DMAc solution exhibited weak mechanical properties due to the loose hydrogel networking caused by the strong aggregation of the chitin segments.
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