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STRENGTH AND FATIGUE MEASUREMENTS OF THE HIP FLEXOR AND HIP EXTENSOR MUSCLES: TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY AND LIMB DOMINANCE EFFECT. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2020; 15:967-976. [PMID: 33344013 DOI: 10.26603/ijspt20200967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Standardized testing of hip muscle strength and fatigue in the sagittal plane is important for assessing, treating and preventing a number of trunk and lower extremity pathologies. Furthermore, individuals displaying asymmetries of muscle strength between limbs are more likely to sustain an injury. Purpose To evaluate the test-retest reliability of isometric strength and isokinetic fatigue measurements of the hip flexor and hip extensor muscles, and to examine whether there is a significant limb dominance effect on strength, fatigue and flexor-extensor ratios. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods To evaluate reliability, 30 healthy individuals (33.2 + /- 13.1 years) were included. On a separate occasion, 24 healthy individuals (29.0 + /- 10.3 years) participated to assess between-limb differences. Reliability was established using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurements (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Isometric strength (best peak torque of three maximal contractions; Nm/kg), isokinetic fatigue (total work of 20 consecutive maximal concentric flexor-extensor contractions at 120 °/s; Joule/kg), and flexor-extensor ratios, were recorded using a Biodex dynamometer. Results Reliability was good-to-excellent (ICCs>0.83) and measurement errors were acceptable (SEM<13.6% and MDC%<37.8%). No significant between-limb differences in strength, fatigue and flexor-extensor ratios were detected. Conclusions Isometric strength and isokinetic fatigue of the hip flexor and hip extensor muscles can be reliably assessed in healthy individuals using the Biodex dynamometer. Limb dominance did not significantly affect strength, fatigue or flexor-extensor ratios. Level of Evidence 2b.
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202
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Areeudomwong P, Bootsast W, Thapthimthong C, Manop P, Buttagat V. Effects of kinesio taping on neck-shoulder discomfort and EMG responses during smartphone texting in healthy young adults. Work 2020; 67:847-854. [PMID: 33325432 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While kinesio taping (KT) is used in several clinical settings to correct posture and reduce pain, KT effects during smartphone texting are unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects among healthy young adults of KT on neck-shoulder discomfort and electromyographic (EMG) responses of neck and upper trunk muscles during smartphone texting. METHODS Twenty-four participants performed a 30-minute texting task on a smartphone using both hands at two separate times under one of two conditions: KT on the right shoulder and no taping. Neck-shoulder discomfort was assessed, along with the normalized root mean square (NRMS) and normalized median frequency (NMF) of the right cervical erector spinae (CES), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA). RESULTS Compared to baseline, both groups had significantly greater neck-shoulder discomfort, and NRMS and NMF of all muscles (p < 0.001) after performing a 30-minute texting task. Comparing between groups, the KT group experienced significantly less neck-shoulder discomfort, and demonstrated delayed deterioration of NRMS and NMF of right CES and LT muscles (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS During smartphone texting, KT on the shoulder decreased neck-shoulder discomfort and delayed reduction of activation and fatigue of neck and upper trunk muscles among healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattanasin Areeudomwong
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Wasuphol Bootsast
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Chalalai Thapthimthong
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Patchareeporn Manop
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Vitsarut Buttagat
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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203
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Chen YW, Liu HQ, Wu QX, Huang YH, Tung YY, Lin MH, Lin CH, Chen TC, Lin EC, Hwang DW. pH Mapping of Skeletal Muscle by Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) Imaging. Cells 2020; 9:E2610. [PMID: 33291803 PMCID: PMC7762073 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extensively used in clinical and basic biomedical research. However, MRI detection of pH changes still poses a technical challenge. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a possible solution to this problem. Using saturation transfer, alterations in the exchange rates between the solute and water protons because of small pH changes can be detected with greater sensitivity. In this study, we examined a fatigued skeletal muscle model in electrically stimulated mice. The measured CEST signal ratio was between 1.96 ppm and 2.6 ppm in the z-spectrum, and this was associated with pH values based on the ratio between the creatine (Cr) and the phosphocreatine (PCr). The CEST results demonstrated a significant contrast change at the electrical stimulation site. Moreover, the pH value was observed to decrease from 7.23 to 7.15 within 20 h after electrical stimulation. This pH decrease was verified by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and behavioral tests, which showed a consistent variation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-Y.T.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Hong-Qing Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (H.-Q.L.); (Q.-X.W.); (Y.-H.H.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Qi-Xuan Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (H.-Q.L.); (Q.-X.W.); (Y.-H.H.); (T.-C.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (H.-Q.L.); (Q.-X.W.); (Y.-H.H.); (T.-C.C.)
- The Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Tung
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-Y.T.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Ming-Huang Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-Y.T.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chia-Huei Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-Y.T.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Tsai-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (H.-Q.L.); (Q.-X.W.); (Y.-H.H.); (T.-C.C.)
- The Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Eugene C. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan;
| | - Dennis W. Hwang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-Y.T.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (H.-Q.L.); (Q.-X.W.); (Y.-H.H.); (T.-C.C.)
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204
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Aljihmani L, Kerdjidj O, Zhu Y, Mehta RK, Erraguntla M, Sasangohar F, Qaraqe K. Classification of Fatigue Phases in Healthy and Diabetic Adults Using Wearable Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6897. [PMID: 33287112 PMCID: PMC7729463 DOI: 10.3390/s20236897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue is defined as "a loss of force-generating capacity" in a muscle that can intensify tremor. Tremor quantification can facilitate early detection of fatigue onset so that preventative or corrective controls can be taken to minimize work-related injuries and improve the performance of tasks that require high-levels of accuracy. We focused on developing a system that recognizes and classifies voluntary effort and detects phases of fatigue. The experiment was designed to extract and evaluate hand-tremor data during the performance of both rest and effort tasks. The data were collected from the wrist and finger of the participant's dominant hand. To investigate tremor, time, frequency domain features were extracted from the accelerometer signal for segments of 45 and 90 samples/window. Analysis using advanced signal processing and machine-learning techniques such as decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and ensemble classifiers were applied to discover models to classify rest and effort tasks and the phases of fatigue. Evaluation of the classifier's performance was assessed based on various metrics using 5-fold cross-validation. The recognition of rest and effort tasks using an ensemble classifier based on the random subspace and window length of 45 samples was deemed to be the most accurate (96.1%). The highest accuracy (~98%) that distinguished between early and late fatigue phases was achieved using the same classifier and window length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Aljihmani
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A & M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar; (O.K.); (K.Q.)
| | - Oussama Kerdjidj
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A & M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar; (O.K.); (K.Q.)
| | - Yibo Zhu
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Z.); (R.K.M.); (M.E.); (F.S.)
| | - Ranjana K. Mehta
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Z.); (R.K.M.); (M.E.); (F.S.)
| | - Madhav Erraguntla
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Z.); (R.K.M.); (M.E.); (F.S.)
| | - Farzan Sasangohar
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Z.); (R.K.M.); (M.E.); (F.S.)
| | - Khalid Qaraqe
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A & M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar; (O.K.); (K.Q.)
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205
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Adamo P, Temporiti F, Natali F, Trombin S, Cescon C, Barbero M, Gatti R. Dispersion of shoulder helical axes during upper limb movements after muscle fatigue. J Biomech 2020; 113:110075. [PMID: 33142202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Shoulder complex control of motion is influenced by neuromuscular function and can be quantified through the analysis of helical axes (HAs) dispersion. Muscle fatigue is a variable able to influence neuromuscular control, altering muscle activation timing and proprioception. The aim of the study was to describe shoulder complex HAs dispersion after muscle fatigue during upper limb movements of young healthy subjects. Thirty healthy right-handed volunteers (age 23.2 ± 2.6 years) were asked to perform a test made up of 15 humerothoracic flexion and rotation movements using both upper limbs in two different recording sessions. After each session, muscles of the tested movement were fatigued in isometric condition at dominant side. After fatigue, subjects repeated the test. Kinematics was recorded by an optoelectronic system and HAs dispersion was computed using Mean Distance (MD) and Mean Angle (MA) for the entire Range of Motion (RoM) and in portions of RoM. After fatigue of shoulder flexion muscles, greater MD (p = 0.001) and MA (p = 0.019) were found on the dominant side. After fatigue of shoulder rotation muscles, greater MD and MA were found on the dominant (p = 0.002 for MD; p = 0.047 for MA) and non-dominant (p = 0.038 for MD; p = 0.019 for MA) sides. Independently of fatigue, greater MA was found in portions of RoM with higher external resistance torque in flexion and rotation tasks. Muscle fatigue increases shoulder complex HAs dispersion, probably due to alteration in neuromuscular control. This data should be considered when exercise involving upper arms are proposed to subjects undergoing fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Adamo
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS -, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
| | - Federico Temporiti
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS -, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Mi), Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Natali
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS -, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
| | - Sara Trombin
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Cescon
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Marco Barbero
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS -, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Mi), Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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206
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Silvers-Granelli HJ, Cohen M, Espregueira-Mendes J, Mandelbaum B. Hamstring muscle injury in the athlete: state of the art. J ISAKOS 2020; 6:170-181. [PMID: 34006581 DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2017-000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hamstring injuries (HSI) are the source of significant impairment and disability for both professional and recreational athletes. The incidence and prevalence of HSIs has been well documented in the literature, as they are among the most common soft tissue injuries reported. The significant time loss due to injury and the inherent risk of reinjury pose a significant issue to the athlete, their career longevity and the success of their respective team. This review will deal predominantly with describing the prevalence and incidence of HSI in athletes, discuss risk factors and the mechanisms of injury for HSI, how to properly diagnose, image and prognosticate appropriate return to sport (RTS) for individuals who have sustained an HSI, prescribe treatment and prevention strategies and to discuss relevant options to decrease overall risk of primary and secondary recurrence of HSI.Current treatments of acute HSI necessitate a thorough understanding of the mechanism of injury, identifying muscle imbalances and/or weakness, inclusion of eccentric and concentric hamstring (HS) and hip extension (HE) exercises, evaluation of pathokinematic movement patterns and use non-surgical methods to promote healing and RTS. This methodology can be used prospectively to mitigate the overall risk of HSI. Injection therapies for HSI, including ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroids, may impart some short-term benefit, but the existing literature is largely inconclusive with respect to long-term functional outcomes. Future directions should prioritise injury prevention, early diagnosis and targeted interventions that combine both non-surgical and minimally invasive orthobiological approaches and identifying biomechanical risk factors prospectively to mitigate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Silvers-Granelli
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Velocity Physical Therapy, Santa Monica, California, USA .,Medical Assessment Research Committee, Major League Soccer, New York, New York, USA
| | - Moises Cohen
- Orthopedic Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Dom Research Center, Clinica Espregueira Mendes, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bert Mandelbaum
- Medical Assessment Research Committee, Major League Soccer, New York, New York, USA.,Sports Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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207
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Magalhães IEJ, Burgo VC, Neto RB, Mezzarane RA. Changes in the input-output relation of the Hoffmann reflex recruitment curve after submaximal fatiguing contraction of the antagonist muscles. Somatosens Mot Res 2020; 38:54-59. [PMID: 33169647 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2020.1845135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The central nervous system adapts strategies to compensate the decreased motor capacities of a fatigued muscle. However, data on neurophysiological adaptations of muscles other than those under fatigue are scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of submaximal fatiguing contraction (leading to a task failure) induced in ankle dorsiflexors muscles on the excitability of the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) of an ankle plantarflexor (soleus muscle). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three physically active males (75.5 ± 8.3 kg; 1.77 ± 0.08 m; 27.0 ± 8.0 years) were asked to maintain the contraction level of the right ankle dorsiflexors at 60% of the maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC). Task failure was defined when the force level dropped below 40% MIVC for 5 consecutive seconds. The input-output relation of the ascending limb of the recruitment curve of the soleus H-reflex was examined at 0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min after the task failure. RESULTS The amplitude parameter representing the first recruited motoneurons (threshold H-reflex - H@th) was significantly higher at 5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min after task failure as compared to control (Hth) (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the parameter that represents the activation of the relatively higher threshold motoneurons (H@100) was reduced (as compared to control - H100), but only at 20 min after the task failure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest differential reflex modulation of the soleus H-reflex after fatigue of the ankle dorsiflexors, that probably reflects neuronal adaptations underlying motor control around the ankle joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor E J Magalhães
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Burgo
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Roque B Neto
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo A Mezzarane
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil
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208
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Choi E, Oh J, Sung GH. Beneficial Effect of Cordyceps militaris on Exercise Performance via Promoting Cellular Energy Production. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 48:512-517. [PMID: 33312018 PMCID: PMC7717596 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1831135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris has been reported to the diverse pharmaceutical effects including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and bacteria or virus infection. However, the effect of C. militaris on exercise performance has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effect of C. militaris on exercise performance. To evaluate exercise performance, we prepared C. militaris ethyl acetate extract (CMEE) and conducted grip strength tests every week after administration. Additionally, blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for biochemical analysis. The administration of CMEE slightly increased grip strength, and this result was similar to the red ginseng treated group. According to the result of biochemical analysis, CMEE had an effect on the biomarkers related to ATP generation pathway but had little influence on the muscle fatigue related biomarkers. Therefore, C. militaris has the possibility of improving exercise performance, which could be associated with the increase in ATP production rather than the decrease in muscle fatigue during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhyun Choi
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Oh
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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209
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The Development and Evaluation of a Training Monitoring System for Amateur Rugby Union. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A training monitoring system (TMS) should be both attainable and scientifically grounded; however, the optimal method of monitoring training is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an online TMS for amateur rugby union. The experimental approach to the problem consisted of five phases: (1) establishing the current training and training load (TL) monitoring practices of amateur rugby union teams, (2) designing and developing the TMS, (3) recruiting teams and subsequently introducing the TMS, (4) supporting the strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches using the TMS, and (5) evaluating the TMS. The findings of this study support the use of an online TMS as a useful and effective method of facilitating training prescription and design in an effort to reduce injury risk and enhance performance. The main barriers impeding player compliance are the lack of feedback on their data and evidence of its use in training design, coaching, and prescription. The effectiveness of the system is dependent on the extent to which the associated challenges are mitigated to ensure quality and consistent data. However, this study offers a method of monitoring training that can be effective while also establishing pitfalls to avoid for both practitioners and researchers alike.
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210
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The Influence of Ski Waist-Width and Fatigue on Knee-Joint Stability and Skier’s Balance. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alpine skiing is a complex sport that demands a high level of motor control and balance. In general, skiers are prone to deterioration in the state of fatigue due to using inappropriate equipment. As a consequence, the risk of injury might increase. This study aimed to examine the influence of fatigue and ski waist-width on knee-joint stability and skier’s balance. A laboratory skiing simulation in a quasistatic ski-turning position was conducted where the lower-limb kinematics was recorded using an optical system, and the balance-determining parameters were captured using a force plate. It was demonstrated that the knee-joint kinematics and skier’s balance were hampered in the state of fatigue, as well as when using skis with a large waist-width. The results of the study suggest avoiding the fatigue state and the use of skis having a large waist-width while skiing on hard surfaces to decrease the risk of injury.
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211
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Li P, Yang X, Yin G, Guo J. Skeletal Muscle Fatigue State Evaluation with Ultrasound Image Entropy. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2020; 42:235-244. [PMID: 32859140 DOI: 10.1177/0161734620952683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue often occurs over a long period of exercise, and it can increase the risk of muscle injury. Evaluating the state of muscle fatigue can avoid unnecessary overtraining and injury of the muscle. Ultrasound imaging can non-invasively visualize muscle tissue in real-time. Image entropy is commonly used to characterize the texture of an image. In this study, we evaluated changes in the ultrasound image entropy (USIE) during the fatigue process. Twelve volunteers performed static sustained contractions of biceps brachii at four different intensities (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction torque). The ultrasound images and surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were acquired during exercise to fatigue. We found that (1) the root-mean-square of the sEMG signal increased, the USIE decreased significantly with time during the sustained contractions; (2) the maximum endurance time (MET) and the decline percentage of USIE were significantly different (p < .05) among the four contraction intensities; (3) the decline slope of USIE of the same volunteer was basically the same at different contraction intensities. The USIE could be a new method for the evaluation of skeletal muscle fatigue state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuebing Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanjun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianzhong Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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212
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Branched-chain amino acid supplementation improves cycling performance in untrained cyclists. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:412-417. [PMID: 33162329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of acute branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on cycling performance and neuromuscular fatigue during a prolonged, self-paced cycling time-trial. DESIGN Randomised double-blind counterbalanced crossover. METHODS Eighteen recreationally active men (mean±SD; age: 24.7±4.8 years old; body-weight, BW: 67.1±6.1kg; height: 171.7±4.9cm) performed a cycling time-trial on an electromagnetically-braked cycle ergometer. Participants were instructed to complete the individualised total work in the shortest time possible, while ingesting either BCAAs (pre-exercise: 0.084gkg-1 BW; during exercise: 0.056gkg-1h-1) or a non-caloric placebo solution. Rating of perceived exertion, power, cadence and heart rate were recorded throughout, while maximal voluntary contraction, muscle voluntary activation level and electrically evoked torque using single and doublet stimulations were assessed at baseline, immediately post-exercise and 20-min post-exercise. RESULTS Supplementation with BCAA reduced (287.9±549.7s; p=0.04) time-to-completion and ratings of perceived exertion (p≤0.01), while concomitantly increasing heart rate (p=0.02). There were no between-group differences (BCAA vs placebo) in any of the neuromuscular parameters, but significant decreases (All p≤0.01) in maximal voluntary contraction, muscle voluntary activation level and electrically evoked torque (single and doublet stimulations) were recorded immediately following the trial, and these did not recover to pre-exercise values by the 20min recovery time-point. CONCLUSIONS Compared to a non-caloric placebo, acute BCAA supplementation significantly improved performance in cycling time-trial among recreationally active individuals without any notable changes in either central or peripheral factors. This improved performance with acute BCAA supplementation was associated with a reduced rating of perceived exertion.
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213
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Kaur A, Singh N, Bhatti MS, Bhatti R. Optimization of extraction conditions of Angelica archangelica extract and activity evaluation in experimental fibromyalgia. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3700-3710. [PMID: 33047814 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant Angelica archangelica, owing to its magnificent therapeutic effectiveness in folklore medicine system, has been regarded as an "angel plant." The current investigation was aimed to optimize extraction conditions of A. archangelica roots and to investigate in vivo role of optimized extract in fibromyalgia. Plant material (dried roots) was subjected to methanol extraction at variable temperature (40 to 60 °C) and time (12 to 36 hr) conditions as per two-factorial design strategy, and responses in terms of antioxidant activity were determined. The optimized extraction conditions were found to be temperature of 60 °C and time of 36 hr. HPLC fingerprinting indicated the presence of coumarins in extract. To induce fibromyalgia, the mice were administered reserpine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Mice were orally treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg extract, and magnitude of fibromyalgia was quantified. In comparison to reserpine group, the extract treatment attenuated pain as shown by significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold against mechanical stimuli (P < 0.05), improved motor ability indicated by increase in fall-off time in inclined plane test (P < 0.05), improved locomotion indicated by increased square crossings in open field test (P < 0.05), and improved cognition as shown by significant reduction in time to reach platform in Morris water maze test and passive avoidance task test (P < 0.05). Extract treatment significantly halted reserpine-induced rise in serum cytokine level (P < 0.05) and brain oxidative stress (P < 0.05). Angelica archangelica extract exerted its beneficial effects in fibromyalgia possibly through the attenuation of oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory cascade. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Leads from natural products have become an integral part of drug designing processes and have high acceptability due to their better tolerance. The optimization of extraction conditions of plant yields better results and could reduce the processing time, thus increasing its industrial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Manpreet Singh Bhatti
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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214
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Yun I, Jeung J, Chung Y. Quantitative Muscle Fatigue Estimation with High SNR Flexible Skin Electrode. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:4134-4137. [PMID: 33018908 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, surface electromyography (sEMG) has been commonly used to diagnose neuromuscular abnormalities. Since sEMG measures electrical signals from various tangled muscle nerves, a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is required to estimate the condition accurately. Previously, Ag/AgCl electrodes were widely used for sEMG measurements, but noble metals are more advantageous for long-term and continuous measurement. In this study, we improved the SNR of bioelectrical signals by increasing the surface area of a flexible skin-electrode made of noble metal. The electrode surface area was increased by 1.38 times with electroplating, and the SNR of sEMG was improved by 1.63 times. Utilizing the sEMG signals with high SNR, we propose a new muscle fatigue estimation algorithm for monitoring the muscle condition in real-time.
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215
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de Lima Tavares Toscano L, Silva AS, de França ACL, de Sousa BRV, de Almeida Filho EJB, da Silveira Costa M, Marques ATB, da Silva DF, de Farias Sena K, Cerqueira GS, da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves M. A single dose of purple grape juice improves physical performance and antioxidant activity in runners: a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2997-3007. [PMID: 31732851 PMCID: PMC7755635 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a single dose of juice on physical performance, oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle damage in runners. METHODS Fourteen recreational male runners (39 ± 9 years, VO2peak = 55.9 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) performed two running tests to exhaustion at 80% of VO2max after ingesting grape juice or a placebo drink (10 ml/kg/day) randomly. Blood samples were taken before and 2 h after supplementation and immediately after running to analyze total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (A1GPA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). RESULTS The participants ran for an average of 59.2 ± 27.8 min until exhaustion in the placebo group and for 68.4 ± 29.7 min until exhaustion in the grape juice intake group, which was a significantly longer time (p = 0.008). This improvement in physical performance was accompanied by a 43.6% increase in TAC (p = 0.000) at the post-exercise timepoint compared to the level at baseline. MDA, A1GPA, hs-CRP, CK, and LDH did not exhibit changes. In contrast, no significant change in any variable was observed after consuming the placebo drink. CONCLUSION The single-dose intake of purple grape juice demonstrated an ergogenic effect in recreational runners by increasing run time to exhaustion and increasing antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydiane de Lima Tavares Toscano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carla Lima de França
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rafael Virgínio de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Eder Jackson Bezerra de Almeida Filho
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus da Silveira Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Klécia de Farias Sena
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
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216
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Kim S, Jo K, Byun BS, Han SH, Yu KW, Suh HJ, Hong KB. Chemical and biological properties of puffed Dendrobium officinale extracts: Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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217
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Priego-Quesada JI, De la Fuente C, Kunzler MR, Perez-Soriano P, Hervás-Marín D, Carpes FP. Relationship between Skin Temperature, Electrical Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue, and Exercise-Induced Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness for Dynamic Contractions: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6817. [PMID: 32962017 PMCID: PMC7558480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) indicates the presence of muscle damage and impairs force production and control. Monitorization of DOMS is useful to improving recovery intervention plans. The magnitude of DOMS may relate to muscle fatigue, which can be monitored by surface electromyography (EMG). Additionally, growing interest has been expressed in determining whether the skin temperature over a muscle group during exercise to fatigue could be a non-invasive marker for DOMS. Here we determine whether skin temperature and manifestations of muscle fatigue during exercise are correlated and can predict DOMS after concentric-eccentric bicep curl exercises. We tested 10 young adults who performed concentric-eccentric bicep curl exercises to induce muscle damage in the biceps brachialis to investigate the relationship between skin temperature and fatigue during exercise and DOMS after exercise. Muscle activation and skin temperature were recorded during exercise. DOMS was evaluated 24 h after exercise. Data analysis was performed using Bayesian regression models with regularizing priors. We found significant muscle fatigue and an increase in skin temperature during exercise. DOMS was observed 24 h after exercise. The regression models showed no correlation of changes in skin temperature and muscle fatigue during exercise with DOMS 24 h after exercise. In conclusion, our preliminary results do not support a relationship between skin temperature measured during exercise and either muscle fatigue during exercise or the ability to predict DOMS 24 h after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I. Priego-Quesada
- Research Group in Sport Biomechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Biophysics and Medical Physics Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos De la Fuente
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; (C.D.l.F.); (M.R.K.); (F.P.C.)
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile
- Centro de Salud Deportivo, Clínica Santa Maria, Santiago 7520380, Chile
| | - Marcos R. Kunzler
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; (C.D.l.F.); (M.R.K.); (F.P.C.)
| | - Pedro Perez-Soriano
- Research Group in Sport Biomechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - David Hervás-Marín
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Felipe P. Carpes
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; (C.D.l.F.); (M.R.K.); (F.P.C.)
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218
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Acupuncture and Dry Needling in the Reduction of Peripheral Acute Fatigue Induced in the Biceps Braquii: Protocol for a Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2020; 13:163-166. [PMID: 32889135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to propose a protocol to verify the efficacy and acute effects of traditional Chinese acupuncture, dry needling, and the rest in peripheral acute fatigue (PAF) induced by intermittent isometric contractions of the nondominant biceps brachii (BB) of nonphysically active men in a randomized, single-blind clinical trial assessed with surface electromyography, contraction time in seconds, infrared thermal imaging, and visual analog scale applied to the PAF. These instruments will evaluate the median frequency, endurance time, temperature (°C), and perceived fatigue in BB of the volunteers. The measurements will be collected in four moments (Test 0, 01, 02, and 03) divided between the beginning and the end of two sets of exercises (Exercises 01 and 02) of intermittent isometric contractions. TRIAL IDENTIFIER: NCT03448120 in www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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219
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Hsiao CK, Tu YK, Tsai YJ, Yang CY, Lu CW. Forearm muscular strength and performance fatigability in orthopaedic surgeons when performing bone screw fixations. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 87:103135. [PMID: 32501253 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the muscle strength and performance fatigability of the forearms in eight male orthopaedic surgeons when performing bone screw fixations. Each surgeon performed an eight-bone screws operations in a porcine femur model to simulate fractural fixation using plating technique. The pre- and post-fatigue maximum isometric forces and corresponding electromyography responses were measured to assess the forearm muscle strength loss and fatigue due to screwing. Results showed that after eight bone screws were inserted, the maximal grip force, maximal driving torque and maximal push force losses were approximately 29%, 20% and 23%, respectively. While the grip force and/or driving torque acting, both the brachioradialis and extensor carpi ulnaris had a higher percentage change of EMG than the biceps brachii. The driving forces decreased with the number of screw insertions; however, the insertion time increased parabolically with the number of screws and significantly decreased the insertion rate of the screws, indicating that forearm muscle fatigue may occur in surgeons who treat fracture fixation using more than eight bone screws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kun Hsiao
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuh Yang
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wei Lu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan.
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220
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Naderi A, Baloochi R, Rostami KD, Fourchet F, Degens H. Obesity and foot muscle strength are associated with high dynamic plantar pressure during running. Foot (Edinb) 2020; 44:101683. [PMID: 32801069 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2020.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obese people are often encouraged to lose body mass by exercise. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of body mass and ankle muscle strength on the dynamic foot-pressure distribution before and after running. Twenty-five normal weight (72.0±5.3kg), 25 overweight (80.8±5.6kg) and 25 obese (96.8±6.5kg) age- and height-matched male recreational runners joined the study. Before and after 30min running, dynamic foot-pressure distribution during running, and ankle plantarflexor, dorsiflexor, invertor and evertor muscle strength were measured using a foot-scan pressure-plate and isokinetic dynamometer, respectively. Body mass index and percentage fat mass correlated positively to almost all components of foot-pressure distribution; this explantion was extracted from 14% (for toe 1) to 52% (for dynamic arch index) of peak foot pressure and between 21% (for metatarsal 1) to 48% (for midfoot) of the impulse underneath different foot zones. Only plantarflexor muscle strength significantly predicted plantar pressure and impulse underneath the T1, T2-5, midfoot area and the dynamic arch index. After running, plantarflexor and invertor muscle strength predicted from 30% (for metatarsal 2) to 58% (for metatarsal 1) of peak foot-pressure and impulse underneath the different foot zones. Obesity is associated with excessive plantar loading that is aggravated after running by fatigue-related reductions in plantar flexor and invertor muscle strength. To prevent foot pain and injuries related to excessive foot pressures, at the start of the weight control process non-weight bearing rather than weight-bearing exercise is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynollah Naderi
- Department of Health and Corrective Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Ramin Baloochi
- Department of Health and Corrective Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Komeil Dashti Rostami
- Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - François Fourchet
- Motion Analysis Lab, Physiotherapy Department, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Romania
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221
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Schuch KN, Govindarajan LN, Guo Y, Baskoylu SN, Kim S, Kimia B, Serre T, Hart AC. Discriminating between sleep and exercise-induced fatigue using computer vision and behavioral genetics. J Neurogenet 2020; 34:453-465. [PMID: 32811254 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2020.1804565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Following prolonged swimming, Caenorhabditis elegans cycle between active swimming bouts and inactive quiescent bouts. Swimming is exercise for C. elegans and here we suggest that inactive bouts are a recovery state akin to fatigue. It is known that cGMP-dependent kinase (PKG) activity plays a conserved role in sleep, rest, and arousal. Using C. elegans EGL-4 PKG, we first validate a novel learning-based computer vision approach to automatically analyze C. elegans locomotory behavior and an edge detection program that is able to distinguish between activity and inactivity during swimming for long periods of time. We find that C. elegans EGL-4 PKG function impacts timing of exercise-induced quiescent (EIQ) bout onset, fractional quiescence, bout number, and bout duration, suggesting that previously described pathways are engaged during EIQ bouts. However, EIQ bouts are likely not sleep as animals are feeding during the majority of EIQ bouts. We find that genetic perturbation of neurons required for other C. elegans sleep states also does not alter EIQ dynamics. Additionally, we find that EIQ onset is sensitive to age and DAF-16 FOXO function. In summary, we have validated behavioral analysis software that enables a quantitative and detailed assessment of swimming behavior, including EIQ. We found novel EIQ defects in aged animals and animals with mutations in a gene involved in stress tolerance. We anticipate that further use of this software will facilitate the analysis of genes and pathways critical for fatigue and other C. elegans behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey N Schuch
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lakshmi Narasimhan Govindarajan
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yuliang Guo
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Saba N Baskoylu
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah Kim
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benjamin Kimia
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Thomas Serre
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anne C Hart
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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222
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Smith SGVS, Power GA, Bent LR. Foot sole cutaneous stimulation mitigates neuromuscular fatigue during a sustained plantar flexor isometric task. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:325-334. [PMID: 32584665 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00157.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular fatigue impairs motor coordination, movement stability, and proprioception, which further decreases performance. A neuromechanical coupling exists between foot sole cutaneous mechanoreceptors and motoneurons of the lower limb, however, the contribution of skin sensory input on muscle fatigue remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if the presence of cutaneous stimulation could mitigate the effect of fatigue of the plantar flexor muscles during a sustained isometric task at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Participants (N = 16, age 24.1 ± 2.6 yr) underwent a 30% isometric plantar flexor fatiguing task in a seated position with hip, knee, and ankle angle at 80°, 100°, and 90°, respectively, with intermittent MVCs until task failure. Failure was defined as when the participant could no longer maintain 30% MVC for a minimum of two seconds. Throughout the protocol, electrical stimulation was applied to either the right heel, right metatarsals, or no stimulation. A subset of participants (N = 6) underwent an additional condition with electrical stimulation applied to the left arm. MVCs were also conducted intermittently throughout recovery for 30 min. Foot sole cutaneous stimulation mitigated fatigue, as demonstrated by an ~15% increased time to task failure (TTF) compared with the control condition. When normalized to TTF, MVC torque amplitude was not different at each time epoch, which indicated that each %MVC was maintained longer into the fatigue task during the heel and metatarsal stimulation conditions However, there was no significant effect of cutaneous stimulation on recovery. The results indicate that cutaneous stimulation may serve as a feasible means to mitigate fatigue.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cutaneous coupling with lower limb motor neurons has long been known. We set out to establish whether this pathway could serve a purpose other than muscular modulation during standing and walking. We found that during a submaximal contraction of the plantar flexor muscles, the addition of intermittent cutaneous stimulation to the skin of the foot sole resulted in an increase in time to task failure by 15%, which was over a minute longer in duration. We conclude that skin stimulation may serve as a mechanism to mitigate fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone G V S Smith
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah R Bent
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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223
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Layuk S, Martiana T, Bongakaraeng B. School bag weight and the occurrence of back pain among elementary school children. J Public Health Res 2020; 9:1841. [PMID: 32728580 PMCID: PMC7376457 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children in primary schools use school bags to carry study material, although the heavy bags are often associated with musculoskeletal problems, especially back pain. This practice requires strength, which significantly changes the body posture and walking pattern, subsequently leading to the incidence of back pain as a side effect. The aim of this study, therefore, is to analyze the differences in bag loads between elementary school children in urban and suburban area, and also analyze the relationship with the occurrence of back pain. Design and methods: This was a cross sectional study, which used stratified random sampling to choose 2 elementary schools each representing the urban and suburban areas. Furthermore, a total sample of 164 students were selected, whose school bag weight were measured for 5 consecutive days, particularly in the morning on respondents arrival at school. Moreover, the occurrence of back pain was evaluated using a modified Nordic map, and data analysis required the use of independent sample analysis t test and χ2 test. Results: The results showed the presence of highly significant differences in the school bags weight of respondents in the urban and suburban areas, as well as between schools using the 2013 curriculum and otherwise. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a correlation between the weight measured and the occurrence of back pain, hence the 2013 curriculum is recommended to be adopted by all elementary schools. Also, the use of lockers to store items used at school repeatedly by children is also highly encouraged. Significance for public health In carrying school materials children often use school bags, and using school bags is often associated with musculoskeletal problems, especially back pain. External forces such as the weight of the bag will affect the growth and development of the child's posture and pattern of walking which makes the child more vulnerable to develop back pain. In this paper we will discuss the weight of an elementary school student’s bag from a school location and the effects of using a different curriculum on the bag’s weight. The results of this study are expected to influence school policies to prevent back pain in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semuel Layuk
- Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health.,Polytechnic of Health, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Tri Martiana
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
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Gogojewicz A, Śliwicka E, Durkalec-Michalski K. Assessment of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status in CrossFit-Trained Individuals: A Descriptive Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134772. [PMID: 32630749 PMCID: PMC7369802 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CrossFit is a discipline with high training and nutritional requirements. To date, there is only scarce data evaluating nutrition among CrossFit training and they mostly focus on selected nutritional interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive study was the assessment of dietary intake and nutritional status in a selected group of CrossFit-trained participants. The study consisted of 62 CrossFit athletes (31 men and 31 women, aged 31.0 ± 5.2 and 30.0 ± 4.3 years, respectively). Body composition was analyzed by electrical bioimpedance. Dietary intake was assessed using a standardized 3-day food record. Body fat percentage for females and males was 20.3 ± 4.3% and 13.7 ± 3.3% respectively. The energy intake in the diet was lower (~1700 kcal in women and ~2300 kcal in men) than the recommended demand. Moreover, low consumption of carbohydrates was stated, as well as an inadequate intake of folate, vitamin E (in women), and minerals, such as Fe and Ca (in women). The energy, carbohydrate, iron, and calcium intake in the CrossFit participants' diet was too low in comparison to recommendations. It seems justified to educate athletes and coaches about nutritional habits, and individual energy and nutrients requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gogojewicz
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (K.D.-M.)
| | - Ewa Śliwicka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-83-55-180
| | - Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (K.D.-M.)
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
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225
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Hari LM, G V, S R. Analysis of Isometric Muscle Contractions using Analytic Bump Continuous Wavelet Transform. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:732-735. [PMID: 33018091 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an attempt has been made to distinguish between nonfatigue and fatigue conditions in surface Electromyography (sEMG) signal using the time frequency distribution obtained from analytic Bump Continuous Wavelet Transform. For the analysis, sEMG signals from biceps brachii muscle of 22 healthy subjects are acquired during isometric contraction protocol. The signals acquired is preprocessed and partitioned into ten equal segments followed by the decomposition of selected segments using analytic Bump wavelets. Further, Singular Value Decomposition is applied to the time frequency distribution matrix and the maximum singular value and entropy feature for each segment are obtained. The usefulness of both the features is estimated using the Wilcoxon sign rank test that gives higher significance with a p < .00001. It is observed that the proposed method is capable of analyzing the fatigue regions in sEMG signals.
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226
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Nugent NS, Majeski JB, Choe R, Rashedi E. Investigating the effect of fatigue on muscle microvasculature blood flow during intermittent isometric contraction. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:3220-3223. [PMID: 33018690 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Localized muscle fatigue (LMF) decreases muscular strength, while affects the performance and potentially increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). An important mechanism in recovering from muscle fatigue is blood flow (BF). The BF response to muscle contraction and fatigue is highly dynamic and difficult to predict, as it depends on both metabolic demand and intramuscular pressure. The aim of this study was to measure both fatigue and BF during intermittent exertion of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle, in order to better characterize the relationship between BF and LMF during muscle contraction and rest. This study utilized Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) for BF measurement within the microvasculature of the FDI muscle. Exertion levels (EL) for intermittent fatiguing contraction were set to 20%, 30%, and 40% of an individual's maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Our results showed that as an individual fatigued, relative BF rates increased, on average, by ~66% during exertion periods and ~330% during rest periods. Differences between exerting and resting BF increased over time for every EL (p<0.04), increasing by up to 11 times the baseline BF. At the same levels of muscle capacity (%MVC), resting BF was also found to increase with EL consistently. Our findings highlight BF dependence on both EL and history of muscle contraction. These results imply a variable recovery rate based on both the current state of contraction, (i.e., exertion vs. rest), and the muscle contraction history. The outcome of our study may facilitate the estimation of BF, thus, the muscle recovery rate, which can be implemented in the fatigue models to improve the prediction of muscle capacity to generate force/power.
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227
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Ranchal-Sanchez A, Diaz-Bernier VM, De La Florida-Villagran CA, Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Campos-Perez J, Jurado-Castro JM. Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplements on Resistance Training: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1912. [PMID: 32605284 PMCID: PMC7401280 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ingestion of beetroot juice (BJ) has been associated with improvements in physical performance in endurance sports, however the literature on resistance training (RT) is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of BJ compared to a placebo (PLA) on muscular endurance and movement concentric velocity during RT. Twelve healthy men performed an incremental RT test (back squat and bench press) with three sets, at 60%, 70%, and 80% of their repetition maximum (1-RM). Movement velocity variables, total number of repetitions performed until concentric failure, blood lactate, and ratings of perceived effort post-training were measured. A higher number of repetitions were recorded with BJ compared to those with PLA (13.8 ± 14.4; p < 0.01; effect size (ES) = 0.6). Differences were found at 60% 1-RM (9 ± 10; p < 0.05; ES = 0.61) and 70% 1-RM (3.1 ± 4.8; p < 0.05; ES = 0.49), however, no differences were found at 80% 1-RM (1.7 ± 1; p = 0.12; ES = 0.41). A greater number of repetitions was performed in back squat (13.4 ± 13; p < 0.01; ES = 0.77), but no differences were observed in bench press (0.4 ± 5.1; p = 0.785; ES = 0.03). No differences were found for the rest of the variables (p > 0.05). Acute supplementation of BJ improved muscular endurance performance in RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ranchal-Sanchez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (V.M.D.-B.); (C.A.D.L.F.-V.)
| | - Victor Manuel Diaz-Bernier
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (V.M.D.-B.); (C.A.D.L.F.-V.)
| | | | - Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero
- Department of Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Campos-Perez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Rabanales University Campus, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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228
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Izquierdo-Alventosa R, Inglés M, Cortés-Amador S, Gimeno-Mallench L, Sempere-Rubio N, Chirivella J, Serra-Añó P. Comparative study of the effectiveness of a low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen treatment and physical exercise in women with fibromyalgia: randomized clinical trial. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20930493. [PMID: 32636943 PMCID: PMC7315668 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20930493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic pain and fatigue, among other manifestations, thus advising interventions that do not aggravate these symptoms. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on induced fatigue, pain, endurance and functional capacity, physical performance and cortical excitability when compared with a physical exercise program in women with FM. Methods A total of 49 women with FM took part in this randomized controlled trial. They were randomly allocated to three groups: physical exercise group (PEG, n = 16), low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBG, n = 17) and control group (CG, n = 16). Induced fatigue, perceived pain, pressure pain threshold, endurance and functional capacity, physical performance and cortical excitability were assessed. To analyse the effect of the interventions, two assessments, that is, pre and post intervention, were carried out. Analyses of the data were performed using two-way mixed multivariate analysis of variance. Results The perceived pain and induced fatigue significantly improved only in the HBG (p < 0.05) as opposed to PEG and CG. Pressure pain threshold, endurance and functional capacity, and physical performance significantly improved for both interventions (p < 0.05). The cortical excitability (measured with the resting motor threshold) did not improve in any of the treatments (p > 0.05). Conclusions Low-pressure HBOT and physical exercise improve pressure pain threshold, endurance and functional capacity, as well as physical performance. Induced fatigue and perceived pain at rest significantly improved only with low-pressure HBOT. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03801109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Izquierdo-Alventosa
- UBIC research group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Cortés-Amador
- UBIC research group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Núria Sempere-Rubio
- UBIC research group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Serra-Añó
- Department of Physiotherapy, UBIC research group, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Gascó Oliag Street, 5, Valencia, 46010, Spain
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229
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Leermakers PA, Dybdahl KLT, Husted KS, Riisager A, de Paoli FV, Pinós T, Vissing J, Krag TOB, Pedersen TH. Depletion of ATP Limits Membrane Excitability of Skeletal Muscle by Increasing Both ClC1-Open Probability and Membrane Conductance. Front Neurol 2020; 11:541. [PMID: 32655483 PMCID: PMC7325937 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of skeletal muscle contractions require that action potentials can be excited and propagated along the muscle fibers. Recent studies have revealed that muscle fiber excitability is regulated during repeated firing of action potentials by cellular signaling systems that control the function of ion channel that determine the resting membrane conductance (Gm). In fast-twitch muscle, prolonged firing of action potentials triggers a marked increase in Gm, reducing muscle fiber excitability and causing action potential failure. Both ClC-1 and KATP ion channels contribute to this Gm rise, but the exact molecular regulation underlying their activation remains unclear. Studies in expression systems have revealed that ClC-1 is able to bind adenosine nucleotides, and that low adenosine nucleotide levels result in ClC-1 activation. In three series of experiments, this study aimed to explore whether ClC-1 is also regulated by adenosine nucleotides in native skeletal muscle fibers, and whether the adenosine nucleotide sensitivity of ClC-1 could explain the rise in Gm muscle fibers during prolonged action potential firing. First, whole cell patch clamping of mouse muscle fibers demonstrated that ClC-1 activation shifted in the hyperpolarized direction when clamping pipette solution contained 0 mM ATP compared with 5 mM ATP. Second, three-electrode Gm measurement during muscle fiber stimulation showed that glycolysis inhibition, with 2-deoxy-glucose or iodoacetate, resulted in an accelerated and rapid >400% Gm rise during short periods of repeated action potential firing in both fast-twitch and slow-twitch rat, and in human muscle fibers. Moreover, ClC-1 inhibition with 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid resulted in either an absence or blunted Gm rise during action potential firing in human muscle fibers. Third, Gm measurement during repeated action potential firing in muscle fibers from a murine McArdle disease model suggest that the rise in Gm was accelerated in a subset of fibers. Together, these results are compatible with ClC-1 function being regulated by the level of adenosine nucleotides in native tissue, and that the channel operates as a sensor of skeletal muscle metabolic state, limiting muscle excitability when energy status is low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anders Riisager
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Tomàs Pinós
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - John Vissing
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Oliver Brøgger Krag
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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230
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Seidel-Marzi O, Ragert P. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces motor slowing in athletes and non-athletes. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:26. [PMID: 32487077 PMCID: PMC7268396 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Motor fatigability describes a phenomenon that occurs when exhaustive exercise or physically demanding tasks are executed over an extended period of time. Concerning fast repetitive movements, it is noticeable by a reduction in movement speed (motor slowing, MoSlo) and occurs due to both central and peripheral factors. The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of MoSlo during hand- (HTT) and foot-tapping tasks (FTT) comparing trained football (FB) and handball players (HB) and non-athletes (NA). Furthermore, we were interested in how far anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) might be capable of modulating MoSlo as compared to sham. Methods A total number of 46 participants were enrolled in a sham-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study. HTT and FTT were performed before, during, after as well as 30 min after 20 min of tDCS over the leg area of the primary motor cortex (M1). Results We could demonstrate that MoSlo during HTT and FTT is a general phenomenon that is observed independent of the type of sports and/or training status. Furthermore, we were able to show a tDCS-induced reduction in MoSlo specifically during FTT in both trained athletes and NA. No such effects could be observed for HTT, indicating local specificity of tDCS-induced effects on a behavioral level. Conclusion We could demonstrate that tDCS is capable of reducing motor fatigability during fast repetitive movements. These findings are of pivotal interest for many sports where fatigability resistance is a limiting factor in maintaining repetitive movement patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seidel-Marzi
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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231
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Toniolo L, Formoso L, Torelli L, Crea E, Bergamo A, Sava G, Giacomello E. Long-term resveratrol treatment improves the capillarization in the skeletal muscles of ageing C57BL/6J mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:37-44. [PMID: 32449407 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1769569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that the treatment with Resveratrol (RES) contrasts the effects of ageing on the skeletal muscle (SKM), reduces the appearance of tubular aggregates (TAs), and improves the fatigue resistance. Since fatigue resistance depends on the SKM capillary network, and RES has been described to improve vascularisation, we analysed the SKM capillarization in naturally ageing C57BL/6J male mice, fed with 0.04% RES in the diet for 6 months, which showed a better fatigue resistance in a previous work. Our data show an inverse correlation between the number of capillaries per fibre (CAF) and TAs in both control and treated type IIB fibres, and an increase of CAF in ageing SKM upon RES-treatment. The present work suggests that capillarization is one of the determinants of the development of TAs and fatigue resistance, and that RES can be considered a good candidate to counteract capillary rarefaction in the SKM tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Toniolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Formoso
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucio Torelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuela Crea
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberta Bergamo
- Callerio Foundation Onlus, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Sava
- Callerio Foundation Onlus, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emiliana Giacomello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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232
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Degens H, Jones DA. Are Force Enhancement after Stretch and Muscle Fatigue Due to Effects of Elevated Inorganic Phosphate and Low Calcium on Cross Bridge Kinetics? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56050249. [PMID: 32443826 PMCID: PMC7279286 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Muscle fatigue is characterised by (1) loss of force, (2) decreased maximal shortening velocity and (3) a greater resistance to stretch that could be due to reduced intracellular Ca2+ and increased Pi, which alter cross bridge kinetics. Materials and Methods: To investigate this, we used (1) 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), believed to increase the proportion of attached but non-force-generating cross bridges; (2) Pi that increases the proportion of attached cross bridges, but with Pi still attached; and (3) reduced activating Ca2+. We used permeabilised rat soleus fibres, activated with pCa 4.5 at 15 °C. Results: The addition of 1 mM BDM or 15 mM Pi, or the lowering of the Ca2+ to pCa 5.5, all reduced the isometric force by around 50%. Stiffness decreased in proportion to isometric force when the fibres were activated at pCa 5.5, but was well maintained in the presence of Pi and BDM. Force enhancement after a stretch increased with the length of stretch and Pi, suggesting a role for titin. Maximum shortening velocity was reduced by about 50% in the presence of BDM and pCa 5.5, but was slightly increased by Pi. Neither decreasing Ca2+ nor increasing Pi alone mimicked the effects of fatigue on muscle contractile characteristics entirely. Only BDM elicited a decrease of force and slowing with maintained stiffness, similar to the situation in fatigued muscle. Conclusions: This suggests that in fatigue, there is an accumulation of attached but low-force cross bridges that cannot be the result of the combined action of reduced Ca2+ or increased Pi alone, but is probably due to a combination of factors that change during fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Sciences & Sport Medicine, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-161-247-5686
| | - David A. Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Sciences & Sport Medicine, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;
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233
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Korzeniewski B, Rossiter HB. Exceeding a "critical" muscle P i: implications for [Formula: see text] and metabolite slow components, muscle fatigue and the power-duration relationship. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1609-1619. [PMID: 32435984 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The consequences of the assumption that the additional ATP usage, underlying the slow component of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) and metabolite on-kinetics, starts when cytosolic inorganic phosphate (Pi) exceeds a certain "critical" Pi concentration, and muscle work terminates because of fatigue when Pi exceeds a certain, higher, "peak" Pi concentration are investigated. METHODS A previously developed computer model of the myocyte bioenergetic system is used. RESULTS Simulated time courses of muscle [Formula: see text], cytosolic ADP, pH, PCr and Pi at various ATP usage activities agreed well with experimental data. Computer simulations resulted in a hyperbolic power-duration relationship, with critical power (CP) as an asymptote. CP was increased, and phase II [Formula: see text] on-kinetics was accelerated, by progressive increase in oxygen tension (hyperoxia). CONCLUSIONS Pi is a major factor responsible for the slow component of the [Formula: see text] and metabolite on-kinetics, fatigue-related muscle work termination and hyperbolic power-duration relationship. The successful generation of experimental system properties suggests that the additional ATP usage, underlying the slow component, indeed starts when cytosolic Pi exceeds a "critical" Pi concentration, and muscle work terminates when Pi exceeds a "peak" Pi concentration. The contribution of other factors, such as cytosolic acidification, or glycogen depletion and central fatigue should not be excluded. Thus, a detailed quantitative unifying mechanism underlying various phenomena related to skeletal muscle fatigue and exercise tolerance is offered that was absent in the literature. This mechanism is driven by reciprocal stimulation of Pi increase and additional ATP usage when "critical" Pi is exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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234
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Raggi A, Leonardi M, Mellor-Marsá B, Moneta MV, Sanchez-Niubo A, Tyrovolas S, Giné-Vázquez I, Haro JM, Chatterji S, Bobak M, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Arndt H, Hossin MZ, Bickenbach J, Koskinen S, Tobiasz-Adamczyk B, Panagiotakos D, Corso B. Predictors of pain in general ageing populations: results from a multi-country analysis based on ATHLOS harmonized database. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:45. [PMID: 32375641 PMCID: PMC7201730 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a common symptom, often associated with neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, and experienced especially by females and by older people, and with increasing trends in general populations. Different risk factors for pain have been identified, but generally from studies with limited samples and a limited number of candidate predictors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictors of pain from a large set of variables and respondents. METHODS We used part of the harmonized dataset of ATHLOS project, selecting studies and waves with a longitudinal course, and in which pain was absent at baseline and with no missing at follow-up. Predictors were selected based on missing distribution and univariable association with pain, and were selected from the following domains: Socio-demographic and economic characteristics, Lifestyle and health behaviours, Health status and functional limitations, Diseases, Physical measures, Cognition, personality and other psychological measures, and Social environment. Hierarchical logistic regression models were then applied to identify significant predictors. RESULTS A total of 13,545 subjects were included of whom 5348 (39.5%) developed pain between baseline and the average 5.2 years' follow-up. Baseline risk factors for pain were female gender (OR 1.34), engaging in vigorous exercise (OR 2.51), being obese (OR 1.36) and suffering from the loss of a close person (OR 1.88) whereas follow-up risk factors were low energy levels/fatigue (1.93), difficulties with walking (1.69), self-rated health referred as poor (OR 2.20) or average to moderate (OR 1.57) and presence of sleep problems (1.80). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that 39.5% of respondents developed pain over a five-year follow-up period, that there are proximal and distal risk factors for pain, and that part of them are directly modifiable. Actions aimed at improving sleep, reducing weight among obese people and treating fatigue would positively impact on pain onset, and avoiding vigorous exercise should be advised to people aged 60 or over, in particular if female or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Raggi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Blanca Mellor-Marsá
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria V Moneta
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Sanchez-Niubo
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Iago Giné-Vázquez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bobak
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jose L Ayuso-Mateos
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Muhammad Z Hossin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerome Bickenbach
- Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beata Tobiasz-Adamczyk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Barbara Corso
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
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Collins SM, Kearns D. The Effect of Beetroot Supplementation on High-Intensity Functional Training Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2020; 13:667-676. [PMID: 32509115 PMCID: PMC7241616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate supplementation (NO3 -) has been shown to improve athletic performance for short-duration, vigorous activity, as well as long-duration, aerobic activity. The purpose was to explore the effects of beetroot supplementation (BR) on high-intensity functional training (HIFT) performance. Twenty-four HIFT participants (25 ± 6.5 years, 175.17 ± 8.1 cm, 84.94 ± 12.09 kg), who attended HIFT classes at least 3 days per week for the past 3 months, performed a benchmark performance test (5 rounds of a 400-m run followed by 15 overhead squats with a 95-lb (for males)/65-lb (for females) barbell). In a randomized order, 72 hrs apart, participants were tested under a control session and once after consuming 70 mL beetroot nitrate supplement, Beet It®, 2 hours prior to beginning the assigned benchmark test. For both benchmark tests, time to completion, pre- and post-exercise blood lactate levels, RPE, and pre-, during, and post-exercising heart rates were measured. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the control (930 ± 192.6 sec) and supplement (952.8 ± 205.8 sec) on time to complete the performance test. Post-exercise blood lactate (11.14 ± 2.84 mm/dL) was not significantly different (p < 0.05) than the control (12.00 ± 2.53 mm/dL). Additionally, mean RPE for BR supplement (14.78 ± 2.50) was not significantly different (p < 0.05) than the control (14.92 ± 2.12). The short duration and high intensity of the workout, which included both anaerobic and aerobic components, may have mitigated the cardiovascular effect of beetroot nitrates unlike previous research that found significant positive effects between beetroot nitrates and exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Collins
- Exercise Physiology Department, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, USA
| | - Danielle Kearns
- Exercise Physiology Department, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, USA
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236
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Mohamed AA. Can Proprioceptive Training Enhance Fatigability and Decrease Progression Rate of Sarcopenia in Seniors? A Novel Approach. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 17:58-67. [PMID: 32348231 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666200429113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common condition in older adults, which causes the frequent occurrence of muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue commonly develops among seniors. Muscle fatigue is a type of physical fatigue that occurs due to either motor or sensory dysfunctions. Current interventions developed to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue, which include either increasing rest periods or subdividing large tasks into small ones. The effectiveness of these interventions is highly contradicted. Recently, researchers discovered that mechanoreceptors are the main receptors of muscle fatigue, however, no clinical study investigated the effect of performing proprioceptive training to enhance the mechanoreceptors and decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Performing proprioceptive training could improve muscle fatigue by improving its sensory part. The function of mechanoreceptors might consequently enhance fatigue and decrease the progression rate of sarcopenia. Thus, this review was conducted to suggest a novel approach of treatment to enhance fatigue and decrease Sarcopenia in seniors. This might be accomplished through increasing the firing rate of α- motor neurons, increasing the amount of Ca2+ ions in the neuromuscular junction, slowing the progression rate of Sarcopenia, and correcting movement deviations, which commonly occur with muscle fatigue in seniors. In conclusion, proprioceptive training could play an effective role in decreasing the progression rate of sarcopenia and enhancing the fatigability among seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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237
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Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Ho HH, Hsieh SH, Kuo YW, Sung HC, Huang CC. Lactobacillus salivarius Subspecies salicinius SA-03 is a New Probiotic Capable of Enhancing Exercise Performance and Decreasing Fatigue. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040545. [PMID: 32283729 PMCID: PMC7232535 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are increasingly being used as a nutritional supplement by athletes to improve exercise performance and reduce post-exercise fatigue. Lactobacillus salivarius is a natural flora in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Lactobacillus salivarius subspecies salicinius (SA-03) is an isolate from the 2008 Olympic women’s 48 kg weightlifting gold medalist’s gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated its beneficial effects on physical fitness. Male ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and orally administered with SA-03 for 4 weeks at 0, 2.05 × 109, 4.10 × 109, or 1.03 × 1010 CFU/kg/day. Results showed that 4 weeks of SA-03 supplementation significantly improved muscle strength and endurance performance, increased hepatic and muscular glycogen storage, and decreased lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels after exercise. These observations suggest that SA-03 could be used as a nutritional supplement to enhance exercise performance and reduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd., Tainan City 74442, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (S.-H.H.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Shih-Hung Hsieh
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd., Tainan City 74442, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (S.-H.H.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd., Tainan City 74442, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (S.-H.H.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Township, Taoyuan City, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.S.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5977) (H.-C.S.); +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.-C.S.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5977) (H.-C.S.); +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.)
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238
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Feng LR, Regan J, Shrader J, Liwang J, Alshawi S, Joseph J, Ross A, Saligan L. Measuring the Motor Aspect of Cancer-Related Fatigue using a Handheld Dynamometer. J Vis Exp 2020:10.3791/60814. [PMID: 32150169 PMCID: PMC10440732 DOI: 10.3791/60814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is commonly reported by patients both during and after receiving treatment for cancer. Current CRF diagnoses rely on self-report questionnaires which are subject to report and recall biases. Objective measurements using a handheld dynamometer, or handgrip device, have been shown in recent studies to correlate significantly with subjective self-reported fatigue scores. However, variations of both the handgrip fatigue test and fatigue index calculations exist in the literature. The lack of standardized methods limits the utilization of the handgrip fatigue test in the clinical and research settings. In this study, we provide detailed methods for administering the physical fatigue test and calculating the fatigue index. These methods should supplement existing self-reported fatigue questionnaires and help clinicians assess fatigue symptom severity in an objective and quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rebekah Feng
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health;
| | - Jeniece Regan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health
| | - Joseph Shrader
- Clinical Center Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institutes of Health
| | - Josephine Liwang
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health
| | - Sarah Alshawi
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health
| | - Jamell Joseph
- Clinical Center Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institutes of Health
| | - Alexander Ross
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health
| | - Leorey Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health
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239
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Carboxymethylated Sulfated Heteroexopolysaccharide from a Haloarchaeal Strain as Potential Biomolecule for Harmless Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer Treatment. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8907958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the possible use of a microbial carboxymethylated sulfated heteroexopolysaccharide (CS-hEPS) as a potential anticancer agent. The investigation was carried out through antioxidant, antifatigue, and antiproliferative activities. Antioxidant potential including scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl radical activities and reducing power was evaluated. Antifatigue activity was determined by assessing the endurance of mice using the forced swimming test. Following 30 days of CS-hEPS oral treatment at different doses, biochemical parameters related to fatigue such as lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), serum urea nitrogen (SUN), and hepatic glycogen (HG) contents were measured. Antitumor activities were investigated against human cancer liver and myelogenous leukemia cells. Results showed that CS-hEPS possesses notable antioxidant, antifatigue, and antitumor effects. CS-hEPS significantly inhibited the proliferation of leukemia (86.6 ± 0.32%) and cancer liver (58.6 ± 0.43%) cells. CS-hEPS are promising natural antioxidant, antifatigue, and antitumor harmless adjuvant materials that could be applied in human cancer therapy.
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240
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Fidalgo-Herrera A, Miangolarra-Page J, Carratalá-Tejada M. Traces of muscular fatigue in the rectus femoris identified with surface electromyography and wavelets on normal gait. Physiother Theory Pract 2020; 38:211-225. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1725945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fidalgo-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor (LAMBECOM), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Juan Miangolarra-Page
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor (LAMBECOM), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Maria Carratalá-Tejada
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor (LAMBECOM), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
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241
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A single oral dose of beetroot-based gel does not improve muscle oxygenation parameters, but speeds up handgrip isometric strength recovery in recreational combat sports athletes. Biol Sport 2020; 37:93-99. [PMID: 32205915 PMCID: PMC7075222 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.92518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the effect of beetroot supplementation on exercise performance has been widely demonstrated to improve the performance of cyclists, runners, and swimmers, its effect on combat sports remains inconclusive. The present study assessed the effect of beetroot-based gel (BG) supplementation on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), exercise time until fatigue (ETF), muscle O2 saturation (SmO2), and blood volume (tHb) in response to handgrip isotonic exercise (HIE) in recreational combat sport athletes. In a randomized, crossover, double-blind study, 14 combat sports athletes performed three sets of HIE (at 40% MVC) until fatigue after BG or nitrate-depleted gel (PLA) supplementation, in which forearm SmO2 and tHb were continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy. MVC was evaluated at baseline and 20 min after HIE. MVC values were analysed as the change from baseline values (ΔMVC). There was a significant increase accompanied by a large effect size in ΔMVC (p = 0.036, d = 0.94) after HIE in the BG condition compared to PLA. However, there were no changes in SmO2 parameters (p> 0.05), tHb (p> 0.05) or ETF (p = 0.161) throughout the three sets of HIE. Additionally, a trivial to small effect size was observed in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) parameters and ETF (d = ≤ 0.2 to 0.5). Therefore, a single dose of beetroot gel supplementation may be considered as a good nutritional strategy to improve strength recovery in combat sports athletes.
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242
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Iconaru EI, Ciucurel C. Hand grip strength variability during serial testing as an entropic biomarker of aging: a Poincaré plot analysis. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 31931730 PMCID: PMC6958685 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Poincaré plot method can be used for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of self-similarity in usually periodic functions, hence the idea of applying it to the study of homeostasis of living organisms. From the analysis of numerous scientific data, it can be concluded that hand functionality can be correlated with the state of the human body as a biological system exposed to various forms of ontogenetic stress. Methods We used the Poincaré plot method to analyze the variability of hand grip strength (HGS), as an entropic biomarker of aging, during 60 repetitive tests of the dominant and nondominant hand, in young and older healthy subjects. An observational cross-sectional study was performed on 80 young adults (18–22 years old, mean age 20.01 years) and 80 older people (65–69 years old, mean age 67.13 years), with a sex ratio of 1:1 for both groups. For statistical analysis, we applied univariate descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Shapiro–Wilk test, Mann–Whitney U-test for independent large samples, with the determination of the effect size coefficient r, and simple linear regression. We calculated the effect of fatigue and the Poincaré indices SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2 and the area of the fitting ellipse (AFE) for the test values of each subject. Results The analysis of the differences between groups revealed statistically significant results for most HGS-derived indices (p ≤ 0.05), and the magnitude of the differences indicated, in most situations, a large effect size (r > 0.5). Our results demonstrate that the proposed repetitive HGS testing indicates relevant differences between young and older healthy subjects. Through the mathematical modeling of data and the application of the concept of entropy, we provide arguments supporting this new design of HGS testing. Conclusions Our results indicate that the variability of HGS during serial testing, which reflects complex repetitive biomechanical functions, represents an efficient indicator for differentiation between young and older hand function patterns from an entropic perspective. In practical terms, the variability of HGS, evaluated by the new serial testing design, can be considered an attractive and relatively simple biomarker to use for gerontological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ioana Iconaru
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania.
| | - Constantin Ciucurel
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania
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243
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A Review of Functional Electrical Stimulation Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:447-463. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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244
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Ramos G, Vaz JR, Mendonça GV, Pezarat-Correia P, Rodrigues J, Alfaras M, Gamboa H. Fatigue Evaluation through Machine Learning and a Global Fatigue Descriptor. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2020; 2020:6484129. [PMID: 31998469 PMCID: PMC6969995 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6484129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research in physiology and sports science has shown that fatigue, a complex psychophysiological phenomenon, has a relevant impact in performance and in the correct functioning of our motricity system, potentially being a cause of damage to the human organism. Fatigue can be seen as a subjective or objective phenomenon. Subjective fatigue corresponds to a mental and cognitive event, while fatigue referred as objective is a physical phenomenon. Despite the fact that subjective fatigue is often undervalued, only a physically and mentally healthy athlete is able to achieve top performance in a discipline. Therefore, we argue that physical training programs should address the preventive assessment of both subjective and objective fatigue mechanisms in order to minimize the risk of injuries. In this context, our paper presents a machine-learning system capable of extracting individual fatigue descriptors (IFDs) from electromyographic (EMG) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Our novel approach, using two types of biosignals so that a global (mental and physical) fatigue assessment is taken into account, reflects the onset of fatigue by implementing a combination of a dimensionless (0-1) global fatigue descriptor (GFD) and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The system, based on 9 main combined features, achieves fatigue regime classification performances of 0.82 ± 0.24, ensuring a successful preventive assessment when dangerous fatigue levels are reached. Training data were acquired in a constant work rate test (executed by 14 subjects using a cycloergometry device), where the variable under study (fatigue) gradually increased until the volunteer reached an objective exhaustion state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ramos
- PLUX Wireless Biosignals S.A, Avenida 5 Outubro 70, 1050-59 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. R. Vaz
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Universidade Europeia, Laureate International Universities, Lisbon, Portugal
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G. V. Mendonça
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P. Pezarat-Correia
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Rodrigues
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Faculty of Sciences and Technology of NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - M. Alfaras
- PLUX Wireless Biosignals S.A, Avenida 5 Outubro 70, 1050-59 Lisbon, Portugal
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - H. Gamboa
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Faculty of Sciences and Technology of NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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245
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Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Issa AAR, Maes M. Serum agrin and talin are increased in major depression while agrin and creatine phosphokinase are associated with chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia symptoms in depression. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:225-235. [PMID: 31734845 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia symptoms frequently occur in major depressive disorder (MDD). The pathophysiology of these symptoms may in part, be ascribed to activated immune pathways, although it is unclear whether muscular factors play a role in their onset. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of muscle proteins in major depression in association with symptoms of chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia. We measured serum levels of agrin, talin-2, titin, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) as well as the FibroFatigue (FF), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scores in 60 MDD patients and 30 healthy controls. The results show a significant increase in agrin and talin-2 in MDD patients as compared with controls. There were highly significant correlations between agrin and HAM-D, BDI-II and FF scores. Agrin, but not talin or titin, was significantly and positively associated with all 12 items of the FF scale. We found that a large part of the variance in HAM-D (47.4%), BDI-II (43.4%) and FF (43.5%) scores was explained by the regression on agrin, smoking, female sex (positively associated) and education (inversely associated). CPK was significantly and inversely associated with the total FF score and with muscle and gastro-intestinal symptoms, fatigue, a flu-like malaise, headache and memory, autonomic and sleep disturbances. These results suggest that aberrations in neuromuscular (NMJs) and myotendinous junctions play a role in MDD and that the aberrations in NMJs coupled with lowered CPK may play a role in chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia symptoms in MDD. Moreover, the increase of agrin in MDD probably functions as part of the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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246
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Sartorio F, Ferriero G, Corna S, Dal Negro F, DeAngeli M, Cudazzo A, Vercelli S. Relationship between work fatigue and manual dexterity in dental professionals: observational study. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2020; 111:493-502. [PMID: 33311424 PMCID: PMC7809987 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v111i6.10151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuro-muscular fatigue (ANM) in the upper limbs can cause impaired coordination and dexterity. The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether ANM induced by a working day produced a reduction in digital dexterity in a population of dental health workers (OSD). Secondary objective was to investigate whether there were relationships between any reductions in dexterity and independent socio-demographic variables (gender, age and profession). METHODS A cohort of OSD was assessed before and at the end of a working day of at least 7 hours using the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT). The effects of ANM (time), of the tested limb (dominance), and of their interaction on dexterity were investigated using two-way ANOVA. A multiple linear regression model was applied to explore the relationship between dexterity performance and independent variables. RESULTS A total of 50 OSDs were included. The net time of the FDT at the end of the day was always higher than in the morning. The ANOVA showed a significant difference for time (p <0.001) and side (p <0.001), but an effect from the interaction between the two factors was not identified (p = 0.428). The worsening of manual dexterity appears to be weakly correlated with age on both sides, and with the profession in the dominant limb. CONCLUSION The ANM appears to have negatively affected the dexterity of both hands in the sample examined. The results of this study may be useful for planning the OSD's work agenda more carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sartorio
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Gattico-Veruno (NO)
| | - Giorgio Ferriero
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Tradate (VA), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Corna
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Gattico-Veruno (NO)
| | - Francesca Dal Negro
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Gattico-Veruno (NO)
| | - Mario DeAngeli
- Lanzo Hospital, Clinica Ortopedica e Fisiatrica - COF, Reparto di Riabilitazione, Alta Valle Intelvi (CO)
| | | | - Stefano Vercelli
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Gattico-Veruno (NO)
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Gnoni A, Longo S, Gnoni GV, Giudetti AM. Carnitine in Human Muscle Bioenergetics: Can Carnitine Supplementation Improve Physical Exercise? Molecules 2020; 25:E182. [PMID: 31906370 PMCID: PMC6982879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative widely known for its involvement in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, where fatty acid oxidation occurs. Moreover, l-Carnitine protects the cell from acyl-CoA accretion through the generation of acylcarnitines. Circulating carnitine is mainly supplied by animal-based food products and to a lesser extent by endogenous biosynthesis in the liver and kidney. Human muscle contains high amounts of carnitine but it depends on the uptake of this compound from the bloodstream, due to muscle inability to synthesize carnitine. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation represents an important energy source for muscle metabolism particularly during physical exercise. However, especially during high-intensity exercise, this process seems to be limited by the mitochondrial availability of free l-carnitine. Hence, fatty acid oxidation rapidly declines, increasing exercise intensity from moderate to high. Considering the important role of fatty acids in muscle bioenergetics, and the limiting effect of free carnitine in fatty acid oxidation during endurance exercise, l-carnitine supplementation has been hypothesized to improve exercise performance. So far, the question of the role of l-carnitine supplementation on muscle performance has not definitively been clarified. Differences in exercise intensity, training or conditioning of the subjects, amount of l-carnitine administered, route and timing of administration relative to the exercise led to different experimental results. In this review, we will describe the role of l-carnitine in muscle energetics and the main causes that led to conflicting data on the use of l-carnitine as a supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.L.); (G.V.G.)
| | - Gabriele V. Gnoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.L.); (G.V.G.)
| | - Anna M. Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.L.); (G.V.G.)
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248
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Kim TW, Park SS, Kim BK, Sim YJ, Shin MS. Effects of sildenafil citrate on peripheral fatigue and exercise performance after exhaustive swimming exercise in rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:751-756. [PMID: 31938694 PMCID: PMC6944887 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938712.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type-5 used to treat erectile dysfunction. We investigated the effects of sildenafil citrate treatment on peripheral fatigue and exercise performance after exhaustive swimming exercise in rats. The rats in the sildenafil citrate-treated groups received sildenafil citrate orally once a day for 14 consecutive days at respective dosage. On the 14 days after starting experiment, each animal was submitted to swimming test with intensity equivalent to overload. The exhaustion was defined as a state in which coordinated movements did not return to the water surface for breathing within 10 sec. Western blot for monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1, MCT4, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were performed. Exhaustive swimming exercise decreased time of exhaustion and increased lactate concentration, however, sildenafil citrate enhanced time of exhaustion and decreased lactate concentration. Exhaustive swimming exercise increased MCT1 and MCT4 expressions in the gastrocnemius muscles and sildenafil citrate further enhanced MCT1 and MCT4 expressions in the exhaustive swimming exercise rats. Exhaustive swimming exercise decreased nNOS expression in the gastrocnemius muscles and sildenafil citrate enhanced nNOS expression in the exhaustive swimming exercise rats. The most potent effect appeared in the 20-mg/kg sildenafil citrate. Sildenafil citrate might be proposed as a potential ergogenic aid through antiperipheral fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Technology, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Je Sim
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
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249
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Chan RW. Ovine Vocal Fold Tissue Fatigue Response to Accumulated, Large-Amplitude Vibration Exposure at Phonatory Frequencies. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:4291-4299. [PMID: 31770065 PMCID: PMC7201329 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-19-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The contribution of tissue mechanical response to vocal fatigue is poorly understood. This study investigated the fatigue response of vocal fold tissues to large-amplitude vibration exposure at phonatory frequencies, using an ex vivo ovine model. Method Twelve sheep vocal fold mucosal specimens were subjected to sinusoidal, simple-shear deformation for prolonged cycles, under a large but physiological shear strain (46%) in a frequency range of 100-230 Hz. The duration of shear varied from a critical vibration exposure limit of 1,040 s to 4 times the limit (4,160 s). Tissue viscoelastic response was quantified by the elastic shear modulus (G'), viscous shear modulus (G″), and damping ratio (G″/G'). Results Distinct response patterns were observed at different frequencies. G' and G″ generally decreased with vibration exposure at 100 Hz, whereas they generally increased with vibration exposure at 200 and 230 Hz. Statistically significant differences were found for G″ increasing with vibration exposure at 200 Hz and damping ratio decreasing with vibration exposure at 200 Hz. Significant increases with frequency were also found for all viscoelastic functions. Results suggested that the contribution of tissue viscoelastic response to vocal fatigue could be highly frequency dependent. In particular, increases in G″ with vibration exposure could lead to high phonation threshold pressures and difficulty sustaining phonation at higher frequencies following prolonged vocalization. Conclusion These preliminary findings may help us better understand vocal fatigue and recovery and should be corroborated by studies with human vocal fold tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W. Chan
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taiwan
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250
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Magherini F, Fiaschi T, Marzocchini R, Mannelli M, Gamberi T, Modesti PA, Modesti A. Oxidative stress in exercise training: the involvement of inflammation and peripheral signals. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1155-1165. [PMID: 31762356 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1697438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evidence about the health benefits of regular physical activity is well established. Exercise intensity is a significant variable and structured high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been demonstrated to improve both whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolic health in different populations. Conversely, fatigue accumulation, if not resolved, leads to overwork, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), overtraining syndrome up to alterations of endocrine function, immune, systemic inflammation, and organic diseases with health threat. In response to temporary increases in stress during training, some athletes are unable to maintain sufficient caloric intake, thus suffering a negative energy balance that causes further stress. The regulation of the energy balance is controlled by the central nervous system through an elaborate interaction of the signalling that involves different tissues such as leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin whose provide important feedback to the hypothalamus to regulate the energy balance. Although exercise-induced reactive oxygen species are required for normal force production in muscle, high levels of ROS appear to promote contractile dysfunction. However, a high level of oxidative stress in may induce a rise in inflammatory markers and a disregulation in expression of adiponectin, leptin and grelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magherini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marzocchini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Mannelli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Amedeo Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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