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Martinchek M, Beiting KJ, Walker J, Graupner J, Huisingh-Scheetz M, Thompson K, Gleason LJ, Levine S. Weight Loss in COVID-19-Positive Nursing Home Residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:257-258. [PMID: 33352194 PMCID: PMC7699303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Martinchek
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly J Beiting
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jacob Walker
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Graupner
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan Huisingh-Scheetz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren J Gleason
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stacie Levine
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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202
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Lara-Guzmán OJ, Medina S, Álvarez R, Oger C, Durand T, Galano JM, Zuluaga N, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Muñoz-Durango K. Oxylipin regulation by phenolic compounds from coffee beverage: Positive outcomes from a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults and macrophage derived foam cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:604-617. [PMID: 32745768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are considered biomarkers related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). They are generated in vivo via the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids as a result of oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxylipins are involved in vascular functions and are produced during foam cell formation in atherogenesis. Additionally, the consumption coffee is associated with the regulation on a particular oxylipin group, the F2t-isoprostanes (F2t-IsoPs). This function has been attributed to the chlorogenic acids (CGAs) from the coffee beverage. Considering the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CGAs, we evaluated the effects of two types of coffee that provided 787 mg CGAs/day (Coffee A) and 407 mg CGAs/day (Coffee B) by reducing 35 selected oxylipins in healthy subjects. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of CGAs on the cellular proatherogenic response in foam cells by using an oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-macrophage interaction model. After eight weeks of coffee consumption, the contents of 12 urine oxylipins were reduced. However, the effect of Coffee A showed a stronger decrease in IsoPs, dihomo-IsoPs, prostaglandins (PGs) and PG metabolites, probably due to its higher content of CGAs. Neither of the two coffees reduced the levels of oxLDL. Moreover, the in vitro oxylipin induction by oxLDL on foam cells was ameliorated by phenolic acids and CGAs, including the inhibition of IsoPs and PGs by caffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acids, respectively, while the phenolic acids maintained both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings suggest that coffee antioxidants are strong regulators of oxylipins related to CVDs. The clinical trial was registered on the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, WHO primary registry (RPCEC00000168).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Lara-Guzmán
- Vidarium - Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Nutresa Business Group, Calle 8 Sur No. 50-67, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rafael Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Natalia Zuluaga
- Vidarium - Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Nutresa Business Group, Calle 8 Sur No. 50-67, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Katalina Muñoz-Durango
- Vidarium - Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Nutresa Business Group, Calle 8 Sur No. 50-67, Medellín, Colombia.
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203
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Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours: eating habits, activity and sleep behaviour. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1275-1290. [PMID: 33190674 PMCID: PMC7783143 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle-related behaviour related to eating, activity and sleep pattern. DESIGN Indexed study used a mixed method design. Phase I employed qualitative methods for development of questionnaire including literature review, focus group discussion, expert evaluation and pre-testing. Phase II used quantitative methods for establishing construct validity of the questionnaire via parallel factor analysis. PARTICIPANTS Phase 1 involved participation of experts from different fields (Departments of Medicine, Nutrition and Clinical Psychology) and general adult population. For phase II, data were collected from 124 adult respondents (female = 57·26 %); mean age (36 ± 14·8 years) residing in an urban setting. RESULTS The questionnaire consisted of three sections: (A) socio-demographic and anthropometric parameters, (B) twenty-four items each for investigating the changes in eating, activity and sleep behaviour before v. during COVID-19, (C) six items assessing COVID-19 specific reasons for lifestyle change. The Cronbach's α value of the questionnaire is 0·83 suggesting its good internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS This appears to be a valid tool to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours with potential utility for public health researchers to identify these changes at community level and develop strategies to reinforce corrective behaviours.
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204
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Bin Zarah A, Enriquez-Marulanda J, Andrade JM. Relationship between Dietary Habits, Food Attitudes and Food Security Status among Adults Living within the United States Three Months Post-Mandated Quarantine: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3468. [PMID: 33198215 PMCID: PMC7697798 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has disrupted the lives of many and may have influenced dietary habits through factors such as food security status and attitudes. The purpose of this study was to identify dietary habits and their associations with food insecurity and attitudes among adults living in the United States within three months post-mandated quarantine. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2020. Participants (n = 3133) responded to a 71-item questionnaire regarding demographics (n = 7), health information (n = 5), lifestyle habits (n = 8), dietary habits (n = 37), food attitudes (n = 8), and food security status (n = 6). Frequency counts and percentages were tabulated, and multivariate linear regression was conducted to examine associations using STATA v14 at a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed that most participants indicated no change in dietary habits (43.6-87.4%), yet participants reported increased consumption of sweets (43.8%) and salty snacks (37.4%). A significant positive association for food attitude scores (1.59, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.70; p < 0.001) and food security scores (1.19, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.45; p < 0.001) on total dietary habit scores was found. Future extensive population studies are recommended to help public health authorities frame actions to alleviate the impact that mandated quarantine has on dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeanette Mary Andrade
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.B.Z.); (J.E.-M.)
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205
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Tayech A, Mejri MA, Makhlouf I, Mathlouthi A, Behm DG, Chaouachi A. Second Wave of COVID-19 Global Pandemic and Athletes' Confinement: Recommendations to Better Manage and Optimize the Modified Lifestyle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8385. [PMID: 33198389 PMCID: PMC7696701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease that has spread globally, resulting in the ongoing pandemic. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific treatment for COVID-19. Preventive measures to reduce the chances of contagion consist mainly of confinement, avoiding crowded places, social distancing, masks, and applying strict personal hygiene as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). After the first wave of infection in many countries, the potential effects of relaxing containment and physical distancing control measures suggest that as a result of these measures, a second wave of COVID-19 appears probable in these countries. In sport, the period of self-isolation, and quarantine, for COVID-19 affects the physical preparation of athletes as well as their mental health and quality of life to an even greater extent (i.e., nutrition, sleep, healthy lifestyle), and thus, relevant and practical recommendations are needed to help alleviate these physical and mental health concerns. Our review aims to summarize the physiological and psychological effects of detraining associated with athletes' confinement during the proposed second wave of COVID-19. This article also proposes answers to questions that concern the advantages and disadvantages of different types of social media platforms, the importance of nutrition, and the effects of sleep disturbance on the health and modified lifestyle of athletes during this worldwide pandemic. Thus, this review provides some general guidelines to better manage their modified lifestyle and optimally maintain their physical and mental fitness with respect to measures taken during this restrictive proposed second wave of the COVID-19 confinement period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Tayech
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis 1004, Tunisia; (A.T.); (M.A.M.); (I.M.); (A.M.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Arbi Mejri
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis 1004, Tunisia; (A.T.); (M.A.M.); (I.M.); (A.M.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
| | - Issam Makhlouf
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis 1004, Tunisia; (A.T.); (M.A.M.); (I.M.); (A.M.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Mathlouthi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis 1004, Tunisia; (A.T.); (M.A.M.); (I.M.); (A.M.)
- Board Advisor & Debate Trainer, Drabzeen Academy, The International Institute of Debate, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Faculty of Legal, Political and Social Sciences of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis 1054, Tunisia
| | - David G. Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis 1004, Tunisia; (A.T.); (M.A.M.); (I.M.); (A.M.)
- Sports Performance Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
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206
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Mardones FO, Rich KM, Boden LA, Moreno-Switt AI, Caipo ML, Zimin-Veselkoff N, Alateeqi AM, Baltenweck I. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Food Security. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:578508. [PMID: 33240957 PMCID: PMC7683609 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.578508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present scientific perspectives on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and global food security. International organizations and current evidence based on other respiratory viruses suggests COVID-19 is not a food safety issue, i.e., there is no evidence associating food or food packaging with the transmission of the virus causing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), yet an abundance of precaution for this exposure route seems appropriate. The pandemic, however, has had a dramatic impact on the food system, with direct and indirect consequences on lives and livelihoods of people, plants, and animals. Given the complexity of the system at risk, it is likely that some of these consequences are still to emerge over time. To date, the direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic have been substantial including restrictions on agricultural workers, planting, current and future harvests; shifts in agricultural livelihoods and food availability; food safety; plant and animal health and animal welfare; human nutrition and health; along with changes in public policies. All aspects are crucial to food security that would require "One Health" approaches as the concept may be able to manage risks in a cost-effective way with cross-sectoral, coordinated investments in human, environmental, and animal health. Like climate change, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will be most acutely felt by the poorest and most vulnerable countries and communities. Ultimately, to prepare for future outbreaks or threats to food systems, we must take into account the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and a "Planetary Health" perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando O. Mardones
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karl M. Rich
- International Livestock Research Institute, West Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lisa A. Boden
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Initiative on Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marisa L. Caipo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago, Chile
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207
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Abdulah DM, Hassan AB. Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 across the World. J Nutr Health Aging 2020. [PMID: 33155630 PMCID: PMC7597421 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Poor dietary habits are considered to be the second-leading risk factors for mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in the world. Dietary patterns are different based on cultural, environmental, technological, and economic factors. Nutritional deficiencies of energy, protein, and specific micronutrients have been shown to contribute to depressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infections. We aimed to explore the relation of dietary factors with global infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in this study. Design In the current ecological study, the countries that had national dietary data from the Global Dietary Databases of the United Nations and Coronavirus disease statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included. The countries that had Coronavirus disease statistics from the WHO were consecutively checked for the recent data of the dietary factors. Setting World. Participants 158 countries across the world. Measurements infection and mortality rates of COVID-19; dietary factors. Results The median crude infection and mortality rates by COVID-19 were 87.78 (IQR: 468.03) and 0.0015 (IQR: 0.0059), respectively. The two highest percentage of the crude infection rate were between 0 and 500 (75.9%) and 500–1000 (8.9%) per one million persons. The regression analysis showed that the crude infection rate has been increased by raising consuming fruits (Beta: 0.237; P=0.006) and calcium (Beta: 0.286; P=0.007) and was decreased with rising consuming beans and legumes (Beta: −0.145; P=0.038). The analysis showed that the crude mortality rate was increased by raising consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (Beta: 0.340; P<0.001). Whereas, the crude mortality rate by COVID-19 has been decreased by increasing fruits consuming (Beta: −0.226; P=0.047) and beans and legumes (Beta: −0.176; P=0.046). Conclusion The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the higher intake of beans and legumes had a negative effect on both increasing infection and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Abdulah
- Deldar Morad Abdulah, Community Health Unit, College of Nursing, University of Duhok, Iraq, , Phone: +9647507443319, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-5793
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208
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Pereira M, Dantas Damascena A, Galvão Azevedo LM, de Almeida Oliveira T, da Mota Santana J. Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1308-1316. [PMID: 33146028 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is still limited evidence regarding the influence of vitamin D in people with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyze the association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity, via an analysis of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in people with the disease. Five online databases-Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and pre-print Medrevix were searched. The inclusion criteria were observational studies measuring serum vitamin D in adult and elderly subjects with COVID-19. The main outcome was the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in severe cases of COVID-19. We carried out a meta-analysis with random effect measures. We identified 1542 articles and selected 27. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with a higher chance of infection by COVID-19 (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.80-1.88), but we identified that severe cases of COVID-19 present 64% (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.30-2.09) more vitamin D deficiency compared with mild cases. A vitamin D concentration insufficiency increased hospitalization (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.41-2.21) and mortality from COVID-19 (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.06-2.58). We observed a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Pereira
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alialdo Dantas Damascena
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil
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209
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Carretero Gómez J, Mafé Nogueroles MC, Garrachón Vallo F, Escudero Álvarez E, Maciá Botejara E, Miramontes González JP. [Inflammation, malnutrition, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a disastrous combination]. Rev Clin Esp 2020; 220:511-517. [PMID: 38620641 PMCID: PMC7444903 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a high risk of malnutrition, mainly due to increased nutritional requirements and the presence of a severe and universal inflammatory state. Associated symptoms contribute to hyporexia, which perpetuates the negative nutritional balance. Furthermore, dysphagia, especially post-intubation, worsens and makes intake unsafe. This risk is greater in elderly and multimorbid patients. Inflammation to varying degrees is the common link between COVID-19 and the onset of malnutrition, and it is more correct to refer to disease-related malnutrition (DRM). DRM worsens the poor prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the most severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and treat people at risk early, avoiding overexposure and direct contact with the patient. We cannot forget the role that a healthy diet plays in both prevention and recovery after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carretero Gómez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Comarcal de Zafra, Badajoz, España
| | - M C Mafé Nogueroles
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital de Atención a Pacientes Crónicos y de Larga Estancia La Pedrera, Denia, Alicante, España
| | - F Garrachón Vallo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Unidad de Medicina Perioperatoria. Equipo de Soporte Nutricional. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - E Escudero Álvarez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, España
| | - E Maciá Botejara
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, España
| | - J P Miramontes González
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, España
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, España
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210
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Carretero Gómez J, Mafé Nogueroles M, Garrachón Vallo F, Escudero Álvarez E, Maciá Botejara E, Miramontes González J. Inflammation, malnutrition, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A disastrous combination. Rev Clin Esp 2020. [PMID: 32863403 PMCID: PMC7566798 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a high risk of malnutrition, mainly due to increased nutritional requirements and the presence of a severe and universal inflammatory state. Associated symptoms contribute to hyporexia, which perpetuates the negative nutritional balance. Furthermore, dysphagia, especially post-intubation, worsens, and makes intake unsafe. This risk is greater in elderly and multimorbid patients. Inflammation to varying degrees is the common link between COVID-19 and the onset of malnutrition, and it is more correct to refer to disease-related malnutrition (DRM). DRM worsens the poor prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the most severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and treat people at risk early, avoiding overexposure and direct contact with the patient. We cannot forget the role that a healthy diet plays in both prevention and recovery after discharge.
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211
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Di Filippo L, De Lorenzo R, D'Amico M, Sofia V, Roveri L, Mele R, Saibene A, Rovere-Querini P, Conte C. COVID-19 is associated with clinically significant weight loss and risk of malnutrition, independent of hospitalisation: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2420-2426. [PMID: 33160700 PMCID: PMC7598735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may associate with clinical manifestations, ranging from alterations in smell and taste to severe respiratory distress requiring intensive care, that might associate with weight loss and malnutrition. We aimed to assess the incidence of unintentional weight loss and malnutrition in COVID-19 survivors. METHODS In this post-hoc analysis of a prospective observational cohort study, we enrolled all adult (age ≥18 years) patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who had been discharged home from either a medical ward or the Emergency Department of San Raffaele University Hospital, and were re-evaluated after remission at the Outpatient COVID-19 Follow-Up Clinic of the same Institution from April 7, 2020, to May 11, 2020. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters upon admission were prospectively collected. At follow-up, anthropometrics, the mini nutritional assessment screening and a visual analogue scale for appetite were assessed. RESULTS A total of 213 patients were included in the analysis (33% females, median age 59.0 [49.5-67.9] years, 70% overweight/obese upon initial assessment, 73% hospitalised). Sixty-one patients (29% of the total, and 31% of hospitalised patients vs. 21% of patients managed at home, p = 0.14) had lost >5% of initial body weight (median weight loss 6.5 [5.0-9.0] kg, or 8.1 [6.1-10.9]%). Patients who lost weight had greater systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein 62.9 [29.0-129.5] vs.48.7 [16.1-96.3] mg/dL; p = 0.02), impaired renal function (23.7% vs. 8.7% of patients; p = 0.003) and longer disease duration (32 [27-41] vs. 24 [21-30] days; p = 0.047) as compared with those who did not lose weight. At multivariate logistic regression analysis, only disease duration independently predicted weight loss (OR 1.05 [1.01-1.10] p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 might negatively impact body weight and nutritional status. In COVID-19 patients, nutritional evaluation, counselling and treatment should be implemented at initial assessment, throughout the course of disease, and after clinical remission. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV REGISTRATION NCT04318366.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Filippo
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marta D'Amico
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Sofia
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Roveri
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Mele
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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212
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Zhou Y, Sinnathamby V, Yu Y, Sikora L, Johnson CY, Mossey P, Little J. Folate intake, markers of folate status and oral clefts: An updated set of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1699-1719. [PMID: 33118705 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a longstanding debate about the role of folate in the etiology of orofacial clefts (OFCs). Studies of different measures of nutritional intake or folate status have been done to investigate the possible role of folate in the prevention of OFC. Only one knowledge synthesis has attempted to bring together different types of evidence. The aim of the present work was to update it. METHODS Evidence for associations between OFC and dietary folate, supplement use, folic acid fortification, biomarkers of folate status, and variants of MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) were included. Potentially eligible articles were systematically identified from PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science (2007-2020) and combined using random-effects meta-analysis when appropriate. Quality assessments were conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Cochrane's risk of bias tool. RESULTS Sixty-four studies published since the previous knowledge synthesis were identified, with eight of these identified through a supplementary search from October, 2018 to August, 2020. There was an inverse association between folic acid-containing supplement use before or during pregnancy and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.51-0.69), with considerable between-study heterogeneity. The prevalence of CL/P showed a small decline post-folic acid fortification in seven studies (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.86-1.02). No association was found between OFC and genetic markers of folate status. The coronavirus-19 pandemic has threatened food availability globally and therefore there is a need to maintain and even enhance surveillance concerning maternal intake of folate and related vitamins. CONCLUSIONS The risk of non-syndromic OFC was reduced among pregnant women with folic acid-containing supplements during the etiologically relevant period. However, high heterogeneity between included studies, incomplete reporting of population characteristics and variation in timing of exposure and supplement types mean that conclusions should be drawn with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulai Zhou
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yamei Yu
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsey Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Candice Y Johnson
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Mossey
- School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Craniofacial Anomalies, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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213
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Abstract
Objective: It is known that social isolation process has an impact on individuals’ eating behaviours. Continuing nutritional behaviour resulting from emotional eating, uncontrolled eating and cognitive restriction may turn into eating disorders in the future. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and social isolation process on individuals’ nutritional behaviours and body weight changes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Nutritional behaviours of the participants before the COVID-19 pandemic and in the social isolation process were evaluated with the Three Factor Nutrition Questionnaire. The changes in individuals’ body weight during this period were also evaluated. Participants: A total of 1036 volunteer individuals (827 women, 209 men) aged 18 years and over participated in the study. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation process, there was an increase in emotional eating and uncontrolled eating behaviours of individuals, but no significant change in cognitive restriction behaviour occurred (P = <0·00; P = <0·00 and P = 0·53, respectively). It was reported that the body weight of 35 % of the individuals who participated in the study increased during this period. Conclusion: Social isolation process practiced as a result of COVID-19 pandemic may lead to changes in some nutritional behaviours. Some precautions should be taken to prevent this situation that occurs in nutritional behaviours from causing negative health problems in the future.
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214
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Kriaucioniene V, Bagdonaviciene L, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Petkeviciene J. Associations between Changes in Health Behaviours and Body Weight during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Lithuania: The Lithuanian COVIDiet Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3119. [PMID: 33065991 PMCID: PMC7599784 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 quarantine has caused significant changes in everyday life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the quarantine on dietary, physical activity and alcohol consumption habits of Lithuanians and the association between health behaviours and weight changes. An online cross-sectional survey was carried out among individuals older than 18 years in April 2020. The self-administered questionnaire included health behaviour and weight change data. Altogether 2447 subjects participated in the survey. Almost half of the respondents (49.4%) ate more than usual, 45.1% increased snacking, and 62.1% cooked at home more often. Intake of carbonated or sugary drinks, fast food and commercial pastries decreased, while consumption of homemade pastries and fried food increased. A decrease in physical activity was reported by 60.6% of respondents. Every third (31.5%) respondent, more often those already with overweight, gained weight. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher odds of weight gain were associated with females, older age, increased consumption of sugary drinks, homemade pastries and fried food, eating more than usual, increased snacking, decreased physical activity and increased alcohol consumption. Our data highlighted the need for dietary and physical activity guidelines to prevent weight gain during the period of self-isolation, especially targeting those with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Kriaucioniene
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Lina Bagdonaviciene
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52001 Melilla, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Janina Petkeviciene
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.B.); (J.P.)
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215
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Mayasari NR, Ho DKN, Lundy DJ, Skalny AV, Tinkov AA, Teng IC, Wu MC, Faradina A, Mohammed AZM, Park JM, Ngu YJ, Aliné S, Shofia NM, Chang JS. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Diet-Related Lifestyle Behaviors: An Analytical Study of Google Trends-Based Query Volumes. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3103. [PMID: 33053656 PMCID: PMC7601866 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 disease (COVID)-19 is having profound effects on the global economy and food trade. Limited data are available on how this pandemic is affecting our dietary and lifestyle-related behaviors at the global level. Google Trends was used to obtain worldwide relative search volumes (RSVs) covering a timeframe from before the COVID-19 pandemic 1 June 2019 to 27 April 2020. Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients were used to measure relationships between daily confirmed cases and aforementioned RSVs between 31 December 2019 and 15 April 2020. RSV curves showed increased interest in multiple keywords related to dietary and lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 lockdown period in March and April 2020. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the strongest variables in each keyword category were (1) food security (food shortage: r = 0.749, food bank: r = 0.660, and free food: r = 0.555; all p < 0.001), (2) dietary behaviors (delivery: r = 0.780, restaurant: r = -0.731, take-away: r = 0.731, and food-delivery: r = 0.693; all p < 0.001), (3) outdoor-related behaviors (resort: r = -0.922, hotel: r = -0.913, cinema: r = -0.844, park: r = -0.827, fitness: r = -0.817, gym: r = -0.811; plant: r = 0.749, sunbathing: r = 0.668, and online: r = 0.670; all p < 0.001), and (4) immune-related nutrients/herbs/foods (vitamin C: r = 0.802, vitamin A: r = 0.780, zinc: r = 0.781, immune: r = 0.739, vitamin E: r = 0.707, garlic: r = 0.667, omega-3 fatty acid: r = -0.633, vitamin D: r = 0.549, and turmeric: r = 0.545; all p < 0.001). Restricted movement has affected peoples' dietary and lifestyle behaviors as people tend to search for immune-boosting nutrients/herbs and have replaced outdoor activities with sedentary indoor behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Rohmah Mayasari
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Dang Khanh Ngan Ho
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
| | - David J. Lundy
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (A.A.T.)
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - I-Chun Teng
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Meng-Chieh Wu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Amelia Faradina
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Afrah Zaki Mahdi Mohammed
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Ji Min Park
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Yi Jing Ngu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Sabrina Aliné
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Naila Maya Shofia
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, 20136 Milano, Italy;
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.R.M.); (D.K.N.H.); (I.-C.T.); (M.-C.W.); (A.F.); (A.Z.M.M.); (J.M.P.); (Y.J.N.); (S.A.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity (CTSSO), Taipei 110, Taiwan
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216
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COVID-19 Drives Consumer Behaviour and Agro-Food Markets towards Healthier and More Sustainable Patterns. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the extant state of research into our understanding of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic in its early stages on food-purchasing behaviour. As such, it includes a summary and categorisation of the findings, extending to consumption preferences worldwide. After the indiscriminate stockpiling of food, which was witnessed in many countries following the implementation of the lockdown, the impact of COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-2019) on consumer habits has inversely varied in function of personal attitudes, individual and household experiences, and characteristics. Specific contexts, and the financial, economic, and logistic nature of these contexts, have also been found to be of relevance in examining the research relating to the coronavirus pandemic and food-purchasing behaviour. Concurrent with the pandemic, some worldwide trends have emerged—home cooking has been rediscovered, leading to an increase in the demand for staple foodstuffs, and purchases from small, local retailers and online food shopping have been accorded preferential treatment. Despite price volatility and concern about future household incomes, a significant proportion of consumers have shifted to buying healthier, more sustainable food. Moreover, food wastage has seen a notable decrease in volume. Such an occasion should be strategically exploited by manufacturers and retailers in satisfying this consumer demand. Finally, the COVID-19 crisis would seem to offer an unparalleled opportunity to re-engineer the agro-food market by driving the transition toward more sustainable supply and production patterns. Thus, stronger and more equitable partnerships between farmers, manufacturers, retailers, and citizens may be in the process of being forged.
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217
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Leone LA, Fleischhacker S, Anderson-Steeves B, Harper K, Winkler M, Racine E, Baquero B, Gittelsohn J. Healthy Food Retail during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Future Directions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7397. [PMID: 33050600 PMCID: PMC7601243 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in dietary behaviors have been directly linked to the food environment, including access to retail food outlets. The Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to major changes in the distribution, sale, purchase, preparation, and consumption of food in the United States (US). This paper reflects on those changes and provides recommendations for research to understand the impact of the pandemic on the retail food environment (RFE) and consumer behavior. Using the Retail Food Environment and Customer Interaction Model, we describe the impact of COVID-19 in four key areas: (1) community, state, tribal, and federal policy; (2) retail actors, business models, and sources; (3) customer experiences; and (4) dietary intake. We discuss how previously existing vulnerabilities and inequalities based on race, ethnicity, class, and geographic location were worsened by the pandemic. We recommend approaches for building a more just and equitable RFE, including understanding the impacts of changing shopping behaviors and adaptations to federal nutrition assistance as well as how small food business can be made more sustainable. By better understanding the RFE adaptations that have characterized the COVID-19 pandemic, we hope to gain greater insight into how our food system can become more resilient in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia A. Leone
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14213, USA
| | | | | | - Kaitlyn Harper
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Megan Winkler
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Racine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Barbara Baquero
- Department of Health Services School of Public Health, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.H.); (J.G.)
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218
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Błaszczyk-Bębenek E, Jagielski P, Bolesławska I, Jagielska A, Nitsch-Osuch A, Kawalec P. Nutrition Behaviors in Polish Adults before and during COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3084. [PMID: 33050404 PMCID: PMC7601522 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Unexpected isolation, which has not yet been seen on a global scale, has created the conditions for evaluating nutrition in a situation of reduced spatial activity. The study aimed to assess the influence of lockdown on selected eating habits of Polish adults. An anonymous questionnaire was conducted, including questions about eating habits and self-reported anthropometric measurements, referring to "before" and "during" lockdown. We reported the findings of 312 adults (aged 41.12 ± 13.05 years). Overall, 64.1% of the participants were women, 77.7% urban inhabitants and 78.6% employed. The average length of social isolation was 50.79 ± 10.53 days. The majority (51.6%) of the respondents did not eat outside the house during lockdown (p < 0.0001). The number of meals eaten during the day during lockdown increased significantly, 11.2% of the respondents ate 5 and more meals (p < 0.0001). The percentage of people snacking between meals increased by 5.1% during lockdown (p = 0.0001). Eggs, potatoes, sweets, canned meat and alcohol were consumed considerably more commonly during lockdown, while fast-food products, instant soups and energy drinks were eaten or drunk significantly less frequently. A marked decrease in the number of daily servings of the following products was observed: bakery products, red meat, fast food, instant soups, sweet beverages and energy drinks. Conversely, the number of daily servings of sweets and canned meat significantly increased. Two thirds of the respondents reported body weight changes, with 45.86% of the participants being overweight during lockdown. Significant changes in the diet of Polish adults were found during lockdown due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Błaszczyk-Bębenek
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 20 Grzegórzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (P.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 20 Grzegórzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (P.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Str., 60-354 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Jagielska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Str., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.N.-O.)
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Str., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.N.-O.)
| | - Paweł Kawalec
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 20 Grzegórzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (P.J.); (P.K.)
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219
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Lim S, Lim H, Després J. Collateral Damage of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nutritional Quality and Physical Activity: Perspective from South Korea. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1788-1790. [PMID: 32543113 PMCID: PMC7323138 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical NutritionResearch Institute of Medical NutritionGraduate School of East‐West Medical ScienceKyung Hee UniversityYonginSouth Korea
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220
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McGuirt JT, Cooke NK, Burgermaster M, Enahora B, Huebner G, Meng Y, Tripicchio G, Dyson O, Stage VC, Wong SS. Extended Reality Technologies in Nutrition Education and Behavior: Comprehensive Scoping Review and Future Directions. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092899. [PMID: 32971972 PMCID: PMC7551414 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of Extended Reality (XR) (i.e. Virtual and Augmented Reality) for nutrition education and behavior change has not been comprehensively reviewed. This paper presents findings from a scoping review of current published research. Articles (n = 92) were extracted from PubMed and Scopus using a structured search strategy and selection approach. Pertinent study information was extracted using a standardized data collection form. Each article was independently reviewed and coded by two members of the research team, who then met to resolve any coding discrepancies. There is an increasing trend in publication in this area, mostly regarding Virtual Reality. Most studies used developmental testing in a lab setting, employed descriptive or observational methods, and focused on momentary behavior change like food selection rather than education. The growth and diversity of XR studies suggest the potential of this approach. There is a need and opportunity for more XR technology focused on children and other foundational theoretical determinants of behavior change to be addressed within nutrition education. Our findings suggest that XR technology is a burgeoning approach in the field of nutrition, but important gaps remain, including inadequate methodological rigor, community application, and assessment of the impact on dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T. McGuirt
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (B.E.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 336-256-0322
| | - Natalie K. Cooke
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Marissa Burgermaster
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Basheerah Enahora
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (B.E.); (G.H.)
| | - Grace Huebner
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (B.E.); (G.H.)
| | - Yu Meng
- Imperial County Cooperative Extension, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Holtville, CA 92250, USA;
| | - Gina Tripicchio
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Omari Dyson
- Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
| | - Virginia C. Stage
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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221
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Oni T, Micklesfield LK, Wadende P, Obonyo CO, Woodcock J, Mogo ERI, Odunitan-Wayas FA, Assah F, Tatah L, Foley L, Mapa-Tassou C, Bhagtani D, Weimann A, Mba C, Unwin N, Brugulat-Panés A, Hofman KJ, Smith J, Tulloch-Reid M, Erzse A, Shung-King M, Lambert EV, Wareham NJ. Implications of COVID-19 control measures for diet and physical activity, and lessons for addressing other pandemics facing rapidly urbanising countries. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1810415. [PMID: 32867606 PMCID: PMC7480567 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1810415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
At the time of writing, it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic will play out in rapidly urbanising regions of the world. In these regions, the realities of large overcrowded informal settlements, a high burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, as well as malnutrition and precarity of livelihoods, have raised added concerns about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in these contexts. COVID-19 infection control measures have been shown to have some effects in slowing down the progress of the pandemic, effectively buying time to prepare the healthcare system. However, there has been less of a focus on the indirect impacts of these measures on health behaviours and the consequent health risks, particularly in the most vulnerable. In this current debate piece, focusing on two of the four risk factors that contribute to >80% of the NCD burden, we consider the possible ways that the restrictions put in place to control the pandemic, have the potential to impact on dietary and physical activity behaviours and their determinants. By considering mitigation responses implemented by governments in several LMIC cities, we identify key lessons that highlight the potential of economic, political, food and built environment sectors, mobilised during the pandemic, to retain health as a priority beyond the context of pandemic response. Such whole-of society approaches are feasible and necessary to support equitable healthy eating and active living required to address other epidemics and to lower the baseline need for healthcare in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolu Oni
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK.,Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- South African MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pamela Wadende
- School of Education and Human Resource Development, Kisii University , Kisii, Kenya
| | - Charles O Obonyo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute , Kisusmu, Kenya
| | - James Woodcock
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - Ebele R I Mogo
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - Feyisayo A Odunitan-Wayas
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Felix Assah
- Health of Populations in Transition (HoPiT, University of Yaoundé , Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Lambed Tatah
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK.,Health of Populations in Transition (HoPiT, University of Yaoundé , Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Louise Foley
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - Clarisse Mapa-Tassou
- Health of Populations in Transition (HoPiT, University of Yaoundé , Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Divya Bhagtani
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Weimann
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Camille Mba
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK.,Health of Populations in Transition (HoPiT, University of Yaoundé , Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nigel Unwin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Karen J Hofman
- South African MRC Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science (PRICELESS SA), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joanne Smith
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of West Indies , Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Marshall Tulloch-Reid
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of West Indies , Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Agnes Erzse
- South African MRC Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science (PRICELESS SA), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maylene Shung-King
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
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222
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Stakeholder Perceptions of Policy Tools in Support of Sustainable Food Consumption in Europe: Policy Implications. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transitioning agri-food systems towards increased sustainability and resilience requires that attention be paid to sustainable food consumption policies. Policy-making processes often require the engagement and acceptance of key stakeholders. This study analyses stakeholders’ solutions for creating sustainable agri-food systems, through interviews with a broad range of stakeholders including food value chain actors, non-governmental organizations, governmental institutions, research institutions and academic experts. The study draws on 38 in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted in four European countries: France, Iceland, Italy and the UK, as well as three interviews with high-level EU experts. The interviewees’ solutions were analysed according to a five-category typology of policy tools, encompassing direct activity regulations, and market-based, knowledge-based, governance and strategic policy tools. Most of the identified solutions were located in the strategic tools category, reflecting shared recognition of the need to integrate food policy to achieve long-term goals. Emerging solutions—those which were most commonly identified among the different national contexts—were then used to derive empirically-grounded and more universally applicable recommendations for the advancement of sustainable food consumption policies.
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223
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Rychter AM, Zawada A, Ratajczak AE, Dobrowolska A, Krela‐Kaźmierczak I. Should patients with obesity be more afraid of COVID-19? Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13083. [PMID: 32583537 PMCID: PMC7362042 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 crisis has lasted since the late 2019 to the present day. The severity of the disease is positively correlated with several factors, such as age and coexisting diseases. Furthermore, obesity is increasingly considered as a yet another risk factor, particularly, because it has been observed that people suffering from excessive body weight may experience a more severe course of COVID-19 infection. On the basis of current research, in our nonsystematic review, we have investigated the extent to which obesity can affect the SARS-CoV-2 course and identify the potential mechanisms of the disease. We have also described the role of proper nutrition, physical activity and other aspects relevant to the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal DiseasesUniversity of Medical Sciences PoznanPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal DiseasesUniversity of Medical Sciences PoznanPoznanPoland
| | - Alicja Ewa Ratajczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal DiseasesUniversity of Medical Sciences PoznanPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal DiseasesUniversity of Medical Sciences PoznanPoznanPoland
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224
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Sirisena D, Zhang M, Li JZY, Chew K. Impact of COVID-19: Perspectives from Sport and Exercise Medicine. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2020. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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225
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Ritchie J, Tyler L, Wenzel T, Guo AA, Fowler L. Addressing Community Health Needs through the Development of a Student-Led Community Health Fair. MEDEDPUBLISH 2020; 9:175. [PMID: 38073783 PMCID: PMC10702671 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2020.000175.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. PROBLEM Based on a specific community benefit analysis of Greenville, South Carolina, we identified the Dunean community with its increased prevalence of health inequities with respect to access to health care, poverty burden, and disease mortality on a county, state, and national level. The Dunean community's data reflect poorer health outcomes in terms of disease and unhealthy lifestyle as well as inadequate access to medical resources compared to other communities in South Carolina. APPROACH Students, residents, attendings, faculty, and staff from the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville (UofSC SOMG) formed a task force to engage the community and combat the root causes of diseases. This task force built partnerships with community leaders to create Root Cause, a monthly health event designed to bring community members to a unified space, share a free community dinner, and provide a wide range of health and wellness resources to educate and inspire them to make healthy lifestyle choices. Outcomes: This report describes the formation of the community engagement task force and execution of Root Cause. In five Root Cause events, we partnered with 36 community agencies and our academic health center partners who shared their resources, served 207 Dunean neighborhood members, and facilitated 1,237 total interactions between community members and partners. CONCLUSION Under the Root Cause model, medical students and neighborhood partners have initiated a trusted, bidirectional dialogue to determine their specific needs with the desire to positively transform the health and wellness of the Dunean community. Our data suggests that based on our efforts, the neighborhood of Dunean, SC increased community cohesiveness and improved perceptions of access to health care. Additionally, participating medical students advanced their understanding of social health and economic challenges which helped to facilitate their development along the active citizen continuum, as well as increase empathy for their future patients in the local community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ritchie
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville
| | - Lauren Tyler
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville
| | - T.J. Wenzel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville
| | - Alyssa A. Guo
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville
| | - Lauren Fowler
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville
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226
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Fernández-Quintela A, Milton-Laskibar I, Trepiana J, Gómez-Zorita S, Kajarabille N, Léniz A, González M, Portillo MP. Key Aspects in Nutritional Management of COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2589. [PMID: 32785121 PMCID: PMC7463687 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review deals with the relationship among nutrition, the immune system, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The influence of nutrients and bioactive molecules present in foodstuffs on immune system activity, the influence of COVID-19 on the nutritional status of the patients, and the dietary recommendations for hospitalized patients are addressed. Deficient nutritional status is probably due to anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia, hypermetabolism, and excessive nitrogen loss. There is limited knowledge regarding the nutritional support during hospital stay of COVID-19 patients. However, nutritional therapy appears as first-line treatment and should be implemented into standard practice. Optimal intake of all nutrients, mainly those playing crucial roles in immune system, should be assured through a diverse and well-balanced diet. Nevertheless, in order to reduce the risk and consequences of infections, the intakes for some micronutrients may exceed the recommended dietary allowances since infections and other stressors can reduce micronutrient status. In the case of critically ill patients, recently published guidelines are available for their nutritional management. Further, several natural bioactive compounds interact with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the gateway for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Natural bioactive compounds can also reduce the inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2. These compounds are potential beneficial tools in the nutritional management of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (A.F.-Q.); (I.M.-L.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (A.F.-Q.); (I.M.-L.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (A.F.-Q.); (I.M.-L.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (A.F.-Q.); (I.M.-L.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Naroa Kajarabille
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (A.F.-Q.); (I.M.-L.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Asier Léniz
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (A.F.-Q.); (I.M.-L.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.P.P.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
- Basque Health Service (Osakidetza), Integrated Health Care Organization Araba, 01009 Álava, Spain
| | - Marcela González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina;
| | - María P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (A.F.-Q.); (I.M.-L.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
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227
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COVID-19 Lockdown and Changes of the Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity Habits in a Cohort of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082327. [PMID: 32759636 PMCID: PMC7468739 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown clearly affected the lifestyle of the population and entailed changes in their daily habits, which involved potential health consequences, especially on patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to examine the impact of the lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic on both nutrition and exercise habits, as well as the psychological effects in patients with T2DM, compared to their usual diet and physical activity level previous to the complete home confinement. We also intended to analyse any potential variables that may have influenced these lifestyle modifications. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Food Craving Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S) and Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T) were used. Our results showed an increase in vegetable, sugary food and snack consumption. An association between levels of foods cravings and snack consumption was also found. Data also showed a high percentage of physical inactivity before the COVID-19 lockdown, which was exacerbated during the home confinement. These findings emphasise the great importance to do further research with larger study samples to analyse and explore dietary habits and to develop public health policies to promote a healthy lifestyle in terms of diet and physical activity in these patients, especially after this strict period of lockdown.
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228
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Górnicka M, Drywień ME, Zielinska MA, Hamułka J. Dietary and Lifestyle Changes During COVID-19 and the Subsequent Lockdowns among Polish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2324. [PMID: 32756458 PMCID: PMC7468840 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify patterns of dietary changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associations with sociodemographics, body mass index (BMI) before pandemic, and lifestyle changes in Polish adults and to examine the effects of lockdowns on dietary-lifestyle changes. This study used a cross-sectional online survey to collect data. The k-means algorithm was used to determine of patterns of dietary changes, and logistic regression analyses were performed. During the study period, 43% of respondents decreased physical activity (PA), 49%-increased screen time, and 34%-increased food consumption. Among the three dietary changes patterns, two opposite patterns were found: Prohealthy (28% participants) and Unhealthy (19% participants).The adherence to the Prohealthy pattern was negatively associated with age, but positively with being overweight (aOR 1.31) or obese before pandemic (aOR 1.64). Residing in a macroeconomic region with GDP > 100% decreased adherence to the Prohealthy (aOR 0.73) but increased adherence to the Unhealthy pattern (aOR 1.47). Adults over 40 years old, those living with children, unemployed, those living in a region with a higher GDP, and those not consuming homemade meals could be more exposed to unhealthy behaviors. From a public health perspective, enhancing the message "to be active" during the compulsory isolation period should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jadwiga Hamułka
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (M.E.D.); (M.A.Z.)
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229
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Alhusseini N, Alqahtani A. COVID-19 pandemic's impact on eating habits in Saudi Arabia. J Public Health Res 2020; 9:1868. [PMID: 33024727 PMCID: PMC7512943 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 virus has been reported as a pandemic in March 2020 by the WHO. Having a balanced and healthy diet routine can help boost the immune system, which is essential in fighting viruses. Public Health officials enforced lockdown for residents resulting in dietary habits change to combat sudden changes. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the eating habits, quality and quantity of food intake among adults in Saudi Arabia. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data. Comparison between general dietary habits before and during COVID-19 for ordinal variables was performed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, while McNemar test was performed for nominal variables. The paired samples t-test was used to compare the total scores for food quality and quantity before and during COVID-19 periods. Results: 2706 adults residing in Riyadh completed the survey. The majority (85.6%) of the respondents reported eating homecooked meals on a daily basis during COVID-19 as compared to 35.6% before (p<0.001). The mean score for the quality of food intake was slightly higher (p=0.002) before the COVID-19 period (16.46±2.84) as compared to the during period (16.39±2.79). The quantity of food mean score was higher (p<0.001) during the COVID-19 period (15.70±2.66) as compared to the before period (14.62±2.71). Conclusion: Dietary habits have changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic among Riyadh residents. Although some good habits increased, the quality and the quantity of the food was compromised. Public Health officials must focus on increased awareness on healthy eating during pandemics to avoid negative consequences. Future research is recommended to better understand the change in dietary habits during pandemics using a detailed food frequency questionnaire.
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230
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Ahmed S, Downs SM, Yang C, Chunlin L, Ten Broek N, Ghosh-Jerath S. Rapid tool based on a food environment typology framework for evaluating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on food system resilience. Food Secur 2020; 12:773-778. [PMID: 32837654 PMCID: PMC7363685 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated mitigation measures are highlighting resiliency and vulnerability of food systems with consequences for diets, food security, and health outcomes. Frameworks and tools are called for to evaluate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as identify entry points for implementing preparedness efforts. We support it is critical to adopt a food environment typology framework based on the different types of food environments that people have access to in order to examine how their relationship with food environments shift with disruptions such as COVID-19 and, ultimately impact diets and food security. Here, we provide an overview of applying a food environment typology framework for developing and implementing a rapid tool to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on interactions people have with their food environments. This tool was developed on the basis of a preliminary case study with smallholder farmers in China that generated a set of key hypotheses. We modified the tool in order to be applicable to diverse contexts in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Other researchers can implement the rapid tool presented here during times of COVID-19 as well as other disruptions towards identifying barriers and opportunities for enhancing food system resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ahmed
- Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Shauna M Downs
- Department of Urban-Global Public Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan China
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231
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Huizar MI, Arena R, Laddu DR. The global food syndemic: The impact of food insecurity, Malnutrition and obesity on the healthspan amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:105-107. [PMID: 32653438 PMCID: PMC7347484 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha I Huizar
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepika R Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
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232
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Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R, Scumaci E, Goitre I, Benso A, Belcastro S, Crespi C, De Michieli F, Ghigo E, Broglio F, Bo S. Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the "Lockdown" Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2016. [PMID: 32645970 PMCID: PMC7400808 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim is evaluating the changes in weight and dietary habits in a sample of outpatients with obesity after 1 month of enforced lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Italy. In this observational retrospective study, the patients of our Obesity Unit were invited to answer to a 12-question multiple-choice questionnaire relative to weight changes, working activity, exercise, dietary habits, and conditions potentially impacting on nutritional choices. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations among weight/BMI changes and the analyzed variables. A total of 150 subjects (91.5%) completed the questionnaire. Mean self-reported weight gain was ≈1.5 kg (p < 0.001). Lower exercise, self-reported boredom/solitude, anxiety/depression, enhanced eating, consumption of snacks, unhealthy foods, cereals, and sweets were correlated with a significantly higher weight gain. Multiple regression analyses showed that increased education (inversely, β = -1.15; 95%CI -2.13, -0.17, p = 0.022), self-reported anxiety/depression (β = 1.61; 0.53, 2.69, p = 0.004), and not consuming healthy foods (β = 1.48; 0.19, 2.77, p = 0.026) were significantly associated with increased weight gain. The estimated direct effect of self-reported anxiety/depression on weight was 2.07 kg (1.07, 3.07, p < 0.001). Individuals with obesity significantly gained weight 1 month after the beginning of the quarantine. The adverse mental burden linked to the COVID-19 pandemic was greatly associated with increased weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Rosalba Rosato
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Elena Scumaci
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Ilaria Goitre
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrea Benso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Sara Belcastro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Chiara Crespi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Franco De Michieli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Broglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (I.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (C.C.); (F.D.M.); (E.G.); (F.B.)
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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233
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Lim S, Shin SM, Nam GE, Jung CH, Koo BK. Proper Management of People with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:84-98. [PMID: 32544885 PMCID: PMC7338495 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, countries around the world have been struggling with a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Case series have reported that people with obesity experience more severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have tended to gain weight because of environmental factors imposed by quarantine policies, such as decreased physical activity and increased consumption of unhealthy food. Mechanisms have been postulated to explain the association between COVID-19 and obesity. COVID-19 aggravates inflammation and hypoxia in people with obesity, which can lead to severe illness and the need for intensive care. The immune system is compromised in people with obesity and COVID-19 affects the immune system, which can lead to complications. Interleukin-6 and other cytokines play an important role in the progression of COVID-19. The inflammatory response, critical illness, and underlying risk factors may all predispose to complications of obesity such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The common medications used to treat people with obesity, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, statins, and antiplatelets agents, should be continued because these agents have anti-inflammatory properties and play protective roles against cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. It is also recommended that renin–angiotensin system blockers are not stopped during the COVID-19 pandemic because no definitive data about the harm or benefits of these agents have been reported. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social activities have been discouraged and exercise facilities have been closed. Under these restrictions, tailored lifestyle modifications such as home exercise training and cooking of healthy food are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Myoung Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Covid-19 Confinement and Changes of Adolescent's Dietary Trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061807. [PMID: 32560550 PMCID: PMC7353171 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic can influence dietary profiles, especially those of adolescents, who are highly susceptible to acquiring bad eating habits. Adolescents' poor dietary habits increase their subsequent risk of degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular pathologies, etc. Our aim was to study nutritional modifications during COVID-19 confinement in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, compare them with their usual diet and dietary guidelines, and identify variables that may have influenced changes. Data were collected by an anonymous online questionnaire on food intake among 820 adolescents from Spain, Italy, Brazil, Colombia, and Chile. The results show that COVID-19 confinement did influence their dietary habits. In particular, we recorded modified consumption of fried food, sweet food, legumes, vegetables, and fruits. Moreover, gender, family members at home, watching TV during mealtime, country of residence, and maternal education were diversely correlated with adequate nutrition during COVID-19 confinement. Understanding the adolescents' nutrition behavior during COVID-19 lockdown will help public health authorities reshape future policies on their nutritional recommendations, in preparation for future pandemics.
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235
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SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 and its Transmission, Prevention, Treatment and Control - An Update. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.spl1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), pandemic has caused huge panic, havoc and global threats worldwide. The origin of this virus has been linked to animals, intermediate host is still to be identified, and studies are being carried out that how it got transmitted to humans and acquired rapid human-to-human transmission. Within a short time period of only 05 months, SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 213 countries, and till 28th May, 2020, nearly 5.8 million confirmed cases have been reported while taking lives of 0.36 million persons. Seeing the current situation of rapid increase in COVID-19 cases daily in many countries, this seems to be the deadliest pandemic after the 1918 Spanish Flu. There is currently no specific effective treatment for COVID-19 and also in absence of vaccine the radical cure of the disease is far away. Researchers are pacing high to design and develop effective vaccines, drugs and therapeutics to counter COVID-19, however such efforts, clinical trials, necessary approvals and then to reach the level of bulk production of many millions of doses may still take much time. Prevention and control of COVID-19 outbreaks requires an evidence-based, multi-factorial and effective mitigation strategy to be adopted. The current review discusses on the research advancements, challenges and opportunities in COVID 19 management with a focus on its transmission, prevention, treatment and control.
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Bold J, Harris M, Fellows L, Chouchane M. Nutrition, the digestive system and immunity in COVID-19 infection. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2020; 13:331-340. [PMID: 33244375 PMCID: PMC7682975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The current review aimed to synthesize the literature on the complex relationship between food consumption and nutritional status as well as the digestive system in order to examine the relationship between immunity and potential responses to COVID-19 infection. The goal is to help inform the many healthcare professionals working with COVID-19 patients. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. Hand searches were also undertaken using Google and reference lists to identify recent evidence. Studies were critically appraised, and the findings were analyzed by narrative synthesis. Nutritional status can impact immunity in several ways, including affecting susceptibility to infection, severity of disease, and recovery time, and is therefore a significant consideration in the management of COVID-19. COVID-19 can also impact digestive function, which can further impact nutritional status. The role of Vitamin D deficiency in vulnerability to severe respiratory infections, including COVID-19, has been recognized, and it may have a role in treatment where deficiency is indicated. Healthcare professionals should be aware that obesity may be accompanied by micronutrient malnutrition including vitamin D deficiency and alterations in the microbiome and inflammatory responses, which can further impact immunity and disease severity. Multidisciplinary team-work is recommended in the management of patients with COVID-19, and approaches should include a consideration of nutritional status (both macronutrients and micronutrients), body weight, and gastrointestinal signs and symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bold
- School of Allied Health & Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
- Centre for Medical Education, Medical School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Miranda Harris
- School of Allied Health & Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Lindsey Fellows
- School of Allied Health & Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Manal Chouchane
- School of Allied Health & Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
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Abdulah DM, Hassan AB. Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 across the World. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:1011-1018. [PMID: 33155630 PMCID: PMC7597421 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor dietary habits are considered to be the second-leading risk factors for mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in the world. Dietary patterns are different based on cultural, environmental, technological, and economic factors. Nutritional deficiencies of energy, protein, and specific micronutrients have been shown to contribute to depressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infections. We aimed to explore the relation of dietary factors with global infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in this study. DESIGN In the current ecological study, the countries that had national dietary data from the Global Dietary Databases of the United Nations and coronavirus disease statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included. The countries that had coronavirus disease statistics from the WHO were consecutively checked for the recent data of the dietary factors. SETTING World. PARTICIPANTS 158 countries across the world. MEASUREMENTS infection and mortality rates of COVID-19; dietary factors. RESULTS The median crude infection and mortality rates by COVID-19 were 87.78 (IQR: 468.03) and 0.0015 (IQR: 0.0059), respectively. The two highest percentage of the crude infection rate were between 0 and 500 (75.9%) and 500-1000 (8.9%) per one million persons. The regression analysis showed that the crude infection rate has been increased by raising consuming fruits (Beta: 0.237; P=0.006) and calcium (Beta: 0.286; P=0.007) and was decreased with rising consuming beans and legumes (Beta: -0.145; P=0.038). The analysis showed that the crude mortality rate was increased by raising consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (Beta: 0.340; P<0.001). Whereas, the crude mortality rate by COVID-19 has been decreased by increasing fruits consuming (Beta: -0.226; P=0.047) and beans and legumes (Beta: -0.176; P=0.046). CONCLUSION The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the higher intake of beans and legumes had a negative effect on both increasing infection and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Abdulah
- Deldar Morad Abdulah, Community Health Unit, College of Nursing, University of Duhok, Iraq, , Phone: +9647507443319, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-5793
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