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Kawazoe M, Kihara M, Nanki T. Antirheumatic Drugs against COVID-19 from the Perspective of Rheumatologists. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121256. [PMID: 34959657 PMCID: PMC8705607 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global threat to humanity. Its pathogenesis and different phases of disease progression are being elucidated under the pandemic. Active viral replication activates various immune cells and produces large amounts of inflammatory cytokines, which leads to the cytokine storm, a major cause of patient death. Therefore, viral inhibition is expected to be the most effective early in the course of the disease, while immunosuppressive treatment may be useful in the later stages to prevent disease progression. Based on the pathophysiology of rheumatic diseases, various immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drugs are used for the diseases. Due to their mechanism of action, the antirheumatic drugs, including hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, colchicine, calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine A and tacrolimus), glucocorticoids, cytokines inhibitors, such as anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (e.g., infliximab), anti-interleukin (IL)-6 (e.g., tocilizumab, sarilumab, and siltuximab), anti-IL-1 (e.g., anakinra and canakinumab) and Janus kinase inhibitors (e.g., baricitinib and tofacitinib), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade agents (e.g., abatacept), and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (e.g., apremilast), have been tried as a treatment for COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action and clinical impact of these agents in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kawazoe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan;
| | - Mari Kihara
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3762-4151 (ext. 2762)
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202
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Renn M, Bartok E, Zillinger T, Hartmann G, Behrendt R. Animal models of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107931. [PMID: 34171328 PMCID: PMC8219947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infections of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 continue to spread around the globe, causing Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. Infected people are at risk of developing acute interstitial pneumonia, which can result in lethal complications, particularly in patients with pre-existing co-morbidities. Novel prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are urgently needed to limit the infection-associated health risk for the population and to contain the pandemic. Animal models are indispensable to assessing the efficacy and safety of potential new antivirals, vaccines, and other innovative therapies, such as nucleic acid agonists of innate immune sensing receptors. In this review, we provide an overview of the commonly used animal models to study SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including a summary of their susceptibility to infection, the spectrum of symptoms elicited, and the potential for drug development in each model. We hope that this review will help researchers to decide on the right model organism to quickly address their specific scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Renn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Unit of Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute for Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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203
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Thongon N, Ma F, Santoni A, Marchesini M, Fiorini E, Rose A, Adema V, Ganan-Gomez I, Groarke EM, Gutierrez-Rodrigues F, Chen S, Lockyer P, Schneider S, Bueso-Ramos C, Montalban-Bravo G, Class CA, Soltysiak KA, Pellegrini M, Sahin E, Bertuch AA, DiNardo CD, Garcia-Manero G, Young NS, Dwyer K, Colla S. Hematopoiesis under telomere attrition at the single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6850. [PMID: 34824242 PMCID: PMC8617077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that drive hematopoietic stem cell functional decline under conditions of telomere shortening are not completely understood. In light of recent advances in single-cell technologies, we sought to redefine the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape of mouse and human hematopoietic stem cells under telomere attrition, as induced by pathogenic germline variants in telomerase complex genes. Here, we show that telomere attrition maintains hematopoietic stem cells under persistent metabolic activation and differentiation towards the megakaryocytic lineage through the cell-intrinsic upregulation of the innate immune signaling response, which directly compromises hematopoietic stem cells' self-renewal capabilities and eventually leads to their exhaustion. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that targeting members of the Ifi20x/IFI16 family of cytosolic DNA sensors using the oligodeoxynucleotide A151, which comprises four repeats of the TTAGGG motif of the telomeric DNA, overcomes interferon signaling activation in telomere-dysfunctional hematopoietic stem cells and these cells' skewed differentiation towards the megakaryocytic lineage. This study challenges the historical hypothesis that telomere attrition limits the proliferative potential of hematopoietic stem cells by inducing apoptosis, autophagy, or senescence, and suggests that targeting IFI16 signaling axis might prevent hematopoietic stem cell functional decline in conditions affecting telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthakan Thongon
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Santoni
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matteo Marchesini
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Elena Fiorini
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Rose
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vera Adema
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irene Ganan-Gomez
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emma M Groarke
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Shuaitong Chen
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pamela Lockyer
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Schneider
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Caleb A Class
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelly A Soltysiak
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ergun Sahin
- Huffington Center On Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison A Bertuch
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simona Colla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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204
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Wang J, Du L, Tang H. Suppression of Interferon-α Treatment Response by Host Negative Factors in Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:784172. [PMID: 34901094 PMCID: PMC8651562 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.784172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection remains a major global public health issue for which there is still lacking effective curative treatment. Interferon-α (IFN-α) and its pegylated form have been approved as an anti-HBV drug with the advantage of antiviral activity and host immunity against HBV infection enhancement, however, IFN-α treatment failure in CHB patients is a challenging obstacle with 70% of CHB patients respond poorly to exogenous IFN-α treatment. The IFN-α treatment response is negatively regulated by both viral and host factors, and the role of viral factors has been extensively illustrated, while much less attention has been paid to host negative factors. Here, we summarized evidence of host negative regulators and parameters involved in IFN-α therapy failure, review the mechanisms responsible for these effects, and discuss the possible improvement of IFN-based therapy and the rationale of combining the inhibitors of negative regulators in achieving an HBV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyao Du
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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205
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Si L, Bai H, Oh CY, Zhang T, Hong F, Jiang A, Ye Y, Jordan TX, Logue J, McGrath M, Belgur C, Nurani A, Cao W, Prantil-Baun R, Gygi SP, Powers RK, Frieman M, tenOever BR, Ingber DE. Self-assembling short immunostimulatory duplex RNAs with broad spectrum antiviral activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.11.19.469183. [PMID: 34845453 PMCID: PMC8629196 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.19.469183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. Here we describe a new class of self-assembling immunostimulatory short duplex RNAs that potently induce production of type I and type III interferon (IFN-I and IFN-III), in a wide range of human cell types. These RNAs require a minimum of 20 base pairs, lack any sequence or structural characteristics of known immunostimulatory RNAs, and instead require a unique conserved sequence motif (sense strand: 5'-C, antisense strand: 3'-GGG) that mediates end-to-end dimer self-assembly of these RNAs by Hoogsteen G-G base-pairing. The presence of terminal hydroxyl or monophosphate groups, blunt or overhanging ends, or terminal RNA or DNA bases did not affect their ability to induce IFN. Unlike previously described immunostimulatory siRNAs, their activity is independent of TLR7/8, but requires the RIG-I/IRF3 pathway that induces a more restricted antiviral response with a lower proinflammatory signature compared with poly(I:C). Immune stimulation mediated by these duplex RNAs results in broad spectrum inhibition of infections by many respiratory viruses with pandemic potential, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and influenza A, as well as the common cold virus HCoV-NL63 in both cell lines and human Lung Chips that mimic organ-level lung pathophysiology. These short dsRNAs can be manufactured easily, and thus potentially could be harnessed to produce broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Si
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haiqing Bai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Crystal Yuri Oh
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fan Hong
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yongxin Ye
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Tristan X. Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marisa McGrath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chaitra Belgur
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Atiq Nurani
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wuji Cao
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rani K. Powers
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Benjamin R. tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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206
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Del Rayo Camacho-Corona M, Camacho-Morales A, Góngora-Rivera F, Escamilla-García E, Morales-Landa JL, Andrade-Medina M, Herrera-Rodulfo AF, García-Juárez M, García-Espinosa P, Stefani T, González-Barranco P, Carrillo-Tripp M. Immunomodulatory effects of Allium Sativum L. and its constituents against viral infections and metabolic diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:109-131. [PMID: 34809549 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211122163156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allium sativum L., or garlic, is one of the most studied plants worldwide within the field of traditional medicine. Current interests lie in the potential use of garlic as a preventive measure and adjuvant treatment for viral infections, e.g., SARS-CoV-2. Even though it cannot be presented as a single treatment, its beneficial effects are beyond doubt. The World Health Organization has deemed it an essential part of any balanced diet with immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effects of garlic compounds and preparations on immunomodulation and viral infection management, with emphasis on SARS-CoV-2. METHOD Exhaustive literature search has been carried out on electronic databases. CONCLUSION Garlic is a fundamental part of a well-balanced diet which helps maintain general good health. The reported information regarding garlic's ability to beneficially modulate inflammation and the immune system is encouraging. Nonetheless, more efforts must be made to understand the actual medicinal properties and mechanisms of action of the compounds found in this plant to inhibit or diminish viral infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2. Based on our findings, we propose a series of innovative strategies to achieve such a challenge in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Góngora-Rivera
- Stroke Unit and Neurology Department, University Hospital Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Erandi Escamilla-García
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Juan Luis Morales-Landa
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Subsede Noreste, Apodaca, N.L. Mexico
| | - Mariana Andrade-Medina
- Biomolecular Diversity Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, N.L. Mexico
| | - Aldo Fernando Herrera-Rodulfo
- Biomolecular Diversity Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, N.L. Mexico
| | - Martín García-Juárez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | | | - Tommaso Stefani
- Laboratory for Biology of Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Acad Sci, Prague. Czech Republic
| | - Patricia González-Barranco
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. Mexico
| | - Mauricio Carrillo-Tripp
- Biomolecular Diversity Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, N.L. Mexico
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207
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Human Papillomaviruses-Associated Cancers: An Update of Current Knowledge. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112234. [PMID: 34835040 PMCID: PMC8623401 DOI: 10.3390/v13112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which are small, double-stranded, circular DNA viruses infecting human epithelial cells, are associated with various benign and malignant lesions of mucosa and skin. Intensive research on the oncogenic potential of HPVs started in the 1970s and spread across Europe, including Croatia, and worldwide. Nowadays, the causative role of a subset of oncogenic or high-risk (HR) HPV types, led by HPV-16 and HPV-18, of different anogenital and head and neck cancers is well accepted. Two major viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, are directly involved in the development of HPV-related malignancies by targeting synergistically various cellular pathways involved in the regulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis, and cell polarity control networks as well as host immune response. This review is aimed at describing the key elements in HPV-related carcinogenesis and the advances in cancer prevention with reference to past and on-going research in Croatia.
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208
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Khwatenge CN, Pate M, Miller LC, Sang Y. Immunometabolic Dysregulation at the Intersection of Obesity and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732913. [PMID: 34737743 PMCID: PMC8560738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevails worldwide to an increasing effect. For example, up to 42% of American adults are considered obese. Obese individuals are prone to a variety of complications of metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Recent meta-analyses of clinical studies in patient cohorts in the ongoing coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic indicate that the presence of obesity and relevant disorders is linked to a more severe prognosis of COVID-19. Given the significance of obesity in COVID-19 progression, we provide a review of host metabolic and immune responses in the immunometabolic dysregulation exaggerated by obesity and the viral infection that develops into a severe course of COVID-19. Moreover, sequela studies of individuals 6 months after having COVID-19 show a higher risk of metabolic comorbidities including obesity, diabetes, and kidney disease. These collectively implicate an inter-systemic dimension to understanding the association between obesity and COVID-19 and suggest an interdisciplinary intervention for relief of obesity-COVID-19 complications beyond the phase of acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins N Khwatenge
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Marquette Pate
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Laura C Miller
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yongming Sang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
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209
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Alarcon PC, Damen MSMA, Madan R, Deepe GS, Spearman P, Way SS, Divanovic S. Adipocyte inflammation and pathogenesis of viral pneumonias: an overlooked contribution. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1224-1234. [PMID: 33958704 PMCID: PMC8100369 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence establishes obesity as an independent risk factor for increased susceptibility and severity to viral respiratory pneumonias associated with H1N1 influenza and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. Given the global obesity prevalence, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind obese susceptibility to infection is imperative. Altered immune cell metabolism and function are often perceived as a key causative factor of dysregulated inflammation. However, the contribution of adipocytes, the dominantly altered cell type in obesity with broad inflammatory properties, to infectious disease pathogenesis remains largely ignored. Thus, skewing of adipocyte-intrinsic cellular metabolism may lead to the development of pathogenic inflammatory adipocytes, which shape the overall immune responses by contributing to either premature immunosenescence, delayed hyperinflammation, or cytokine storm in infections. In this review, we discuss the underappreciated contribution of adipocyte cellular metabolism and adipocyte-produced mediators on immune system modulation and how such interplay may modify disease susceptibility and pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo C Alarcon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rajat Madan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George S Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul Spearman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Divisions of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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210
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Delphin M, Desmares M, Schuehle S, Heikenwalder M, Durantel D, Faure-Dupuy S. How to get away with liver innate immunity? A viruses' tale. Liver Int 2021; 41:2547-2559. [PMID: 34520597 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In their never-ending quest towards persistence within their host, hepatitis viruses have developed numerous ways to counteract the liver innate immunity. This review highlights the different and common mechanisms employed by these viruses to (i) establish in the liver (passive entry or active evasion from immune recognition) and (ii) actively inhibit the innate immune response (ie modulation of pattern recognition receptor expression and/or signalling pathways, modulation of interferon response and modulation of immune cells count or phenotype).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Delphin
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Manon Desmares
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Svenja Schuehle
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Durantel
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France.,DEVweCAN Laboratory of Excellence, Lyon, France
| | - Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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211
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Wallace JW, Constant DA, Nice TJ. Interferon Lambda in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767505. [PMID: 34712246 PMCID: PMC8547615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon λ (IFN-λ) is critical for host viral defense at mucosal surfaces and stimulates immunomodulatory signals, acting on epithelial cells and few other cell types due to restricted IFN-λ receptor expression. Epithelial cells of the intestine play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and the related type II interferons (IFN-γ) have been extensively studied in the context of IBD. However, a role for IFN-λ in IBD onset and progression remains unclear. Recent investigations of IFN-λ in IBD are beginning to uncover complex and sometimes opposing actions, including pro-healing roles in colonic epithelial tissues and potentiation of epithelial cell death in the small intestine. Additionally, IFN-λ has been shown to act through non-epithelial cell types, such as neutrophils, to protect against excessive inflammation. In most cases IFN-λ demonstrates an ability to coordinate the host antiviral response without inducing collateral hyperinflammation, suggesting that IFN-λ signaling pathways could be a therapeutic target in IBD. This mini review discusses existing data on the role of IFN-λ in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, current gaps in the research, and therapeutic potential of modulating the IFN-λ-stimulated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Wallace
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David A Constant
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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212
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Kirby D, Parmar B, Fathi S, Marwah S, Nayak CR, Cherepanov V, MacParland S, Feld JJ, Altan-Bonnet G, Zilman A. Determinants of Ligand Specificity and Functional Plasticity in Type I Interferon Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748423. [PMID: 34691060 PMCID: PMC8529159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Type I Interferon family of cytokines all act through the same cell surface receptor and induce phosphorylation of the same subset of response regulators of the STAT family. Despite their shared receptor, different Type I Interferons have different functions during immune response to infection. In particular, they differ in the potency of their induced anti-viral and anti-proliferative responses in target cells. It remains not fully understood how these functional differences can arise in a ligand-specific manner both at the level of STAT phosphorylation and the downstream function. We use a minimal computational model of Type I Interferon signaling, focusing on Interferon-α and Interferon-β. We validate the model with quantitative experimental data to identify the key determinants of specificity and functional plasticity in Type I Interferon signaling. We investigate different mechanisms of signal discrimination, and how multiple system components such as binding affinity, receptor expression levels and their variability, receptor internalization, short-term negative feedback by SOCS1 protein, and differential receptor expression play together to ensure ligand specificity on the level of STAT phosphorylation. Based on these results, we propose phenomenological functional mappings from STAT activation to downstream anti-viral and anti-proliferative activity to investigate differential signal processing steps downstream of STAT phosphorylation. We find that the negative feedback by the protein USP18, which enhances differences in signaling between Interferons via ligand-dependent refractoriness, can give rise to functional plasticity in Interferon-α and Interferon-β signaling, and explore other factors that control functional plasticity. Beyond Type I Interferon signaling, our results have a broad applicability to questions of signaling specificity and functional plasticity in signaling systems with multiple ligands acting through a bottleneck of a small number of shared receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Kirby
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Baljyot Parmar
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sepehr Fathi
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sagar Marwah
- Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra R Nayak
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physics, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Vera Cherepanov
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonya MacParland
- Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- Immunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anton Zilman
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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213
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Blahove MR, Carter JR. Flavivirus Persistence in Wildlife Populations. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102099. [PMID: 34696529 PMCID: PMC8541186 DOI: 10.3390/v13102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of humans are at risk for infection by vector-borne flaviviruses, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. These viruses also infect wildlife at a considerable rate, persistently cycling between ticks/mosquitoes and small mammals and reptiles and non-human primates and humans. Substantially increasing evidence of viral persistence in wildlife continues to be reported. In addition to in humans, viral persistence has been shown to establish in mammalian, reptile, arachnid, and mosquito systems, as well as insect cell lines. Although a considerable amount of research has centered on the potential roles of defective virus particles, autophagy and/or apoptosis-induced evasion of the immune response, and the precise mechanism of these features in flavivirus persistence have yet to be elucidated. In this review, we present findings that aid in understanding how vector-borne flavivirus persistence is established in wildlife. Research studies to be discussed include determining the critical roles universal flavivirus non-structural proteins played in flaviviral persistence, the advancement of animal models of viral persistence, and studying host factors that allow vector-borne flavivirus replication without destructive effects on infected cells. These findings underscore the viral–host relationships in wildlife animals and could be used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the establishment of viral persistence in these animals.
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214
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Downing SM, Schreiner PA, Kwak YD, Li Y, Shaw TI, Russell HR, McKinnon PJ. Genome instability independent of type I interferon signaling drives neuropathology caused by impaired ribonucleotide excision repair. Neuron 2021; 109:3962-3979.e6. [PMID: 34655526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a monogenic type I interferonopathy characterized by neurodevelopmental defects and upregulation of type I interferon signaling and neuroinflammation. Mutations in genes that function in nucleic acid metabolism, including RNASEH2, are linked to AGS. Ribonuclease H2 (RNASEH2) is a genome surveillance factor critical for DNA integrity by removing ribonucleotides incorporated into replicating DNA. Here we show that RNASEH2 is necessary for neurogenesis and to avoid activation of interferon-responsive genes and neuroinflammation. Cerebellar defects after RNASEH2B inactivation are rescued by p53 but not cGAS deletion, suggesting that DNA damage signaling, not neuroinflammation, accounts for neuropathology. Coincident inactivation of Atm and Rnaseh2 further affected cerebellar development causing ataxia, which was dependent upon aberrant activation of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). The loss of ATM also markedly exacerbates cGAS-dependent type I interferon signaling. Thus, DNA damage-dependent signaling rather than type I interferon signaling underlies neurodegeneration in this class of neurodevelopmental/neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna M Downing
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patrick A Schreiner
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Young Don Kwak
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Helen R Russell
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter J McKinnon
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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215
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TNF-Mediated Inhibition of Classical Swine Fever Virus Replication Is IRF1-, NF-κB- and JAK/STAT Signaling-Dependent. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102017. [PMID: 34696447 PMCID: PMC8540133 DOI: 10.3390/v13102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sera from pigs infected with virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV) contain substantial amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a prototype proinflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic activities. TNF limits the replication of CSFV in cell culture. In order to investigate the signaling involved in the antiviral activity of TNF, we employed small-molecule inhibitors to interfere specifically with JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways in near-to-primary endothelial PEDSV.15 cells. In addition, we knocked out selected factors of the interferon (IFN) induction and signaling pathways using CRISPR/Cas9. We found that the anti-CSFV effect of TNF was sensitive to JAK/STAT inhibitors, suggesting that TNF induces IFN signaling. Accordingly, we observed that the antiviral effect of TNF was dependent on intact type I IFN signaling as PEDSV.15 cells with the disrupted type I IFN receptor lost their capacity to limit the replication of CSFV after TNF treatment. Consequently, we examined whether TNF activates the type I IFN induction pathway. With genetically modified PEDSV.15 cells deficient in functional interferon regulatory factor 1 or 3 (IRF1 or IRF3), we observed that the anti-CSFV activity exhibited by TNF was dependent on IRF1, whereas IRF3 was dispensable. This was distinct from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven antiviral effect that relied on both IRF1 and IRF3. In agreement with the requirement of IRF1 to induce TNF- and LPS-mediated antiviral effects, intact IRF1 was also essential for TNF- and LPS-mediated induction of IFN-β mRNA, while the activation of NF-κB was not dependent on IRF1. Nevertheless, NF-κB activation was essential for the TNF-mediated antiviral effect. Finally, we observed that CSFV failed to counteract the TNF-mediated induction of the IFN-β mRNA in PEDSV.15 cells, suggesting that CSFV does not interfere with IRF1-dependent signaling. In summary, we report that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF limits the replication of CSFV in PEDSV.15 cells by specific induction of an IRF1-dependent antiviral type I IFN response.
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216
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Ostaszewski M, Niarakis A, Mazein A, Kuperstein I, Phair R, Orta‐Resendiz A, Singh V, Aghamiri SS, Acencio ML, Glaab E, Ruepp A, Fobo G, Montrone C, Brauner B, Frishman G, Monraz Gómez LC, Somers J, Hoch M, Kumar Gupta S, Scheel J, Borlinghaus H, Czauderna T, Schreiber F, Montagud A, Ponce de Leon M, Funahashi A, Hiki Y, Hiroi N, Yamada TG, Dräger A, Renz A, Naveez M, Bocskei Z, Messina F, Börnigen D, Fergusson L, Conti M, Rameil M, Nakonecnij V, Vanhoefer J, Schmiester L, Wang M, Ackerman EE, Shoemaker JE, Zucker J, Oxford K, Teuton J, Kocakaya E, Summak GY, Hanspers K, Kutmon M, Coort S, Eijssen L, Ehrhart F, Rex DAB, Slenter D, Martens M, Pham N, Haw R, Jassal B, Matthews L, Orlic‐Milacic M, Senff Ribeiro A, Rothfels K, Shamovsky V, Stephan R, Sevilla C, Varusai T, Ravel J, Fraser R, Ortseifen V, Marchesi S, Gawron P, Smula E, Heirendt L, Satagopam V, Wu G, Riutta A, Golebiewski M, Owen S, Goble C, Hu X, Overall RW, Maier D, Bauch A, Gyori BM, Bachman JA, Vega C, Grouès V, Vazquez M, Porras P, Licata L, Iannuccelli M, Sacco F, Nesterova A, Yuryev A, de Waard A, Turei D, Luna A, Babur O, Soliman S, Valdeolivas A, Esteban‐Medina M, Peña‐Chilet M, Rian K, Helikar T, Puniya BL, Modos D, Treveil A, Olbei M, De Meulder B, Ballereau S, Dugourd A, Naldi A, Noël V, Calzone L, Sander C, Demir E, Korcsmaros T, Freeman TC, Augé F, Beckmann JS, Hasenauer J, Wolkenhauer O, Wilighagen EL, Pico AR, Evelo CT, Gillespie ME, Stein LD, Hermjakob H, D'Eustachio P, Saez‐Rodriguez J, Dopazo J, Valencia A, Kitano H, Barillot E, Auffray C, Balling R, Schneider R. COVID19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus-host interaction mechanisms. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10387. [PMID: 34664389 PMCID: PMC8524328 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We need to effectively combine the knowledge from surging literature with complex datasets to propose mechanistic models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, improving data interpretation and predicting key targets of intervention. Here, we describe a large-scale community effort to build an open access, interoperable and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms. The COVID-19 Disease Map (C19DMap) is a graphical, interactive representation of disease-relevant molecular mechanisms linking many knowledge sources. Notably, it is a computational resource for graph-based analyses and disease modelling. To this end, we established a framework of tools, platforms and guidelines necessary for a multifaceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians and computational biologists. The diagrams of the C19DMap, curated from the literature, are integrated with relevant interaction and text mining databases. We demonstrate the application of network analysis and modelling approaches by concrete examples to highlight new testable hypotheses. This framework helps to find signatures of SARS-CoV-2 predisposition, treatment response or prioritisation of drug candidates. Such an approach may help deal with new waves of COVID-19 or similar pandemics in the long-term perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Anna Niarakis
- Université Paris‐SaclayLaboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite rhumatoïde ‐ GenhotelUniv EvryEvryFrance
- Lifeware GroupInria Saclay‐Ile de FrancePalaiseauFrance
| | - Alexander Mazein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Inna Kuperstein
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Robert Phair
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Inc.Mountain ViewCAUSA
| | - Aurelio Orta‐Resendiz
- Institut PasteurUniversité de Paris, Unité HIVInflammation et PersistanceParisFrance
- Bio Sorbonne Paris CitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Vidisha Singh
- Université Paris‐SaclayLaboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite rhumatoïde ‐ GenhotelUniv EvryEvryFrance
| | - Sara Sadat Aghamiri
- Inserm‐ Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicaleParisFrance
| | - Marcio Luis Acencio
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Andreas Ruepp
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Gisela Fobo
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Corinna Montrone
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Barbara Brauner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Goar Frishman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Luis Cristóbal Monraz Gómez
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Julia Somers
- Department of Molecular and Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Matti Hoch
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | | | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Hanna Borlinghaus
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Tobias Czauderna
- Faculty of Information TechnologyDepartment of Human‐Centred ComputingMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Faculty of Information TechnologyDepartment of Human‐Centred ComputingMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | | | | | - Akira Funahashi
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Yusuke Hiki
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Noriko Hiroi
- Graduate School of Media and GovernanceResearch Institute at SFCKeio UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Takahiro G Yamada
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Andreas Dräger
- Computational Systems Biology of Infections and Antimicrobial‐Resistant PathogensInstitute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI)University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner siteTübingenGermany
| | - Alina Renz
- Computational Systems Biology of Infections and Antimicrobial‐Resistant PathogensInstitute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI)University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Muhammad Naveez
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
- Institute of Applied Computer SystemsRiga Technical UniversityRigaLatvia
| | - Zsolt Bocskei
- Sanofi R&DTranslational SciencesChilly‐MazarinFrance
| | - Francesco Messina
- Dipartimento di Epidemiologia Ricerca Pre‐Clinica e Diagnostica AvanzataNational Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' I.R.C.C.S.RomeItaly
- COVID‐19 INMI Network Medicine for IDs Study GroupNational Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' I.R.C.C.SRomeItaly
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- Bioinformatics Core FacilityUniversitätsklinikum Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Liam Fergusson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary MedicineThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Marta Conti
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Marius Rameil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Vanessa Nakonecnij
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Jakob Vanhoefer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Leonard Schmiester
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
- Center for MathematicsChair of Mathematical Modeling of Biological SystemsTechnische Universität MünchenGarchingGermany
| | - Muying Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Emily E Ackerman
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Jason E Shoemaker
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Hanspers
- Institute of Data Science and BiotechnologyGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Susan Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Lars Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Friederike Ehrhart
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Denise Slenter
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marvin Martens
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Nhung Pham
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Robin Haw
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | - Bijay Jassal
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Andrea Senff Ribeiro
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
- Universidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrasil
| | - Karen Rothfels
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | | | - Ralf Stephan
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | - Cristoffer Sevilla
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHinxton, CambridgeshireUK
| | - Thawfeek Varusai
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHinxton, CambridgeshireUK
| | - Jean‐Marie Ravel
- INSERM UMR_S 1256Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE)Faculty of Medicine of NancyUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
- Laboratoire de génétique médicaleCHRU NancyNancyFrance
| | - Rupsha Fraser
- Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Vera Ortseifen
- Senior Research Group in Genome Research of Industrial MicroorganismsCenter for BiotechnologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Silvia Marchesi
- Department of Surgical ScienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Piotr Gawron
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Institute of Computing SciencePoznan University of TechnologyPoznanPoland
| | - Ewa Smula
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Laurent Heirendt
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Venkata Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Guanming Wu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical EpidemiologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Anders Riutta
- Institute of Data Science and BiotechnologyGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Stuart Owen
- Department of Computer ScienceThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Carole Goble
- Department of Computer ScienceThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Rupert W Overall
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) DresdenDresdenGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Institute for BiologyHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Benjamin M Gyori
- Harvard Medical SchoolLaboratory of Systems PharmacologyBostonMAUSA
| | - John A Bachman
- Harvard Medical SchoolLaboratory of Systems PharmacologyBostonMAUSA
| | - Carlos Vega
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Valentin Grouès
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | | | - Pablo Porras
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHinxton, CambridgeshireUK
| | - Luana Licata
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | - Francesca Sacco
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Denes Turei
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Augustin Luna
- cBio Center, Divisions of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyDepartment of Data SciencesDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ozgun Babur
- Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Alberto Valdeolivas
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marina Esteban‐Medina
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Computational Systems Medicine GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
| | - Maria Peña‐Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Computational Systems Medicine GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
| | - Kinza Rian
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Computational Systems Medicine GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | - Dezso Modos
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- Earlham InstituteNorwichUK
| | - Agatha Treveil
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- Earlham InstituteNorwichUK
| | - Marton Olbei
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- Earlham InstituteNorwichUK
| | | | - Stephane Ballereau
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Aurélien Dugourd
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems BiologyFaculty of Medicine, RWTHAachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | | | - Vincent Noël
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Laurence Calzone
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Chris Sander
- cBio Center, Divisions of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyDepartment of Data SciencesDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Emek Demir
- Department of Molecular and Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | | | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Franck Augé
- Sanofi R&DTranslational SciencesChilly‐MazarinFrance
| | | | - Jan Hasenauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthInstitute of Computational BiologyNeuherbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit Mathematics and Life SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Egon L Wilighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Alexander R Pico
- Institute of Data Science and BiotechnologyGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc E Gillespie
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
- St. John’s University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesQueensNYUSA
| | - Lincoln D Stein
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Henning Hermjakob
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHinxton, CambridgeshireUK
| | | | | | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Computational Systems Medicine GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
- FPS/ELIXIR‐esHospital Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC)BarcelonaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- Systems Biology InstituteTokyoJapan
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate SchoolOkinawaJapan
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Charles Auffray
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
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217
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Virus-Induced Tumorigenesis and IFN System. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100994. [PMID: 34681093 PMCID: PMC8533565 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses favor the development of tumors in mammals by persistent infection and specific cellular pathways modifications by deregulating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. They counteract the cellular antiviral defense through viral proteins as well as specific cellular effectors involved in virus-induced tumorigenesis. Type I interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines critical not only for viral interference but also for their broad range of properties that go beyond the antiviral action. In fact, they can inhibit cell proliferation and modulate differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. However, their principal role is to regulate the development and activity of most effector cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Various are the mechanisms by which IFNs exert their effects on immune cells. They can act directly, through IFN receptor triggering, or indirectly by the induction of chemokines, the secretion of further cytokines, or by the stimulation of cells useful for the activation of particular immune cells. All the properties of IFNs are crucial in the host defense against viruses and bacteria, as well as in the immune surveillance against tumors. IFNs may be affected by and, in turn, affect signaling pathways to mediate anti-proliferative and antiviral responses in virus-induced tumorigenic context. New data on cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs) machinery, as well as cellular communication and microenvironment modification via classical secretion mechanisms and extracellular vesicles-mediated delivery are reported. Recent research is reviewed on the tumorigenesis induced by specific viruses with RNA or DNA genome, belonging to different families (i.e., HPV, HTLV-1, MCPyV, JCPyV, Herpesviruses, HBV, HCV) and the IFN system involvement.
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218
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Sell SL, Prough DS, Weisz HA, Widen SG, Hellmich HL. Leveraging publicly available coronavirus data to identify new therapeutic targets for COVID-19. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257965. [PMID: 34587192 PMCID: PMC8480897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many important questions remain regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the viral pathogen responsible for COVID-19. These questions include the mechanisms explaining the high percentage of asymptomatic but highly infectious individuals, the wide variability in disease susceptibility, and the mechanisms of long-lasting debilitating effects. Bioinformatic analysis of four coronavirus datasets representing previous outbreaks (SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV), as well as SARS-CoV-2, revealed evidence of diverse host factors that appear to be coopted to facilitate virus-induced suppression of interferon-induced innate immunity, promotion of viral replication and subversion and/or evasion of antiviral immune surveillance. These host factors merit further study given their postulated roles in COVID-19-induced loss of smell and brain, heart, vascular, lung, liver, and gut dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L. Sell
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donald S. Prough
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harris A. Weisz
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steve G. Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helen L. Hellmich
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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219
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Cantwell AM, Singh H, Platt M, Yu Y, Lin YH, Ikeno Y, Hubbard G, Xiang Y, Gonzalez-Juarbe N, Dube PH. Kinetic Multi-omic Analysis of Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Model of Severe COVID-19. J Virol 2021; 95:e0101021. [PMID: 34319784 PMCID: PMC8475517 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01010-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is poorly understood due to a lack of an animal model that recapitulates severe human disease. Here, we report a Syrian hamster model that develops progressive lethal pulmonary disease that closely mimics severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We evaluated host responses using a multi-omic, multiorgan approach to define proteome, phosphoproteome, and transcriptome changes. These data revealed both type I and type II interferon-stimulated gene and protein expression along with a progressive increase in chemokines, monocytes, and neutrophil-associated molecules throughout the course of infection that peaked in the later time points correlating with a rapidly developing diffuse alveolar destruction and pneumonia that persisted in the absence of active viral infection. Extrapulmonary proteome and phosphoproteome remodeling was detected in the heart and kidneys following viral infection. Together, our results provide a kinetic overview of multiorgan host responses to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. IMPORTANCE The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has created an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of this infection. These efforts have been impaired by the lack of animal models that recapitulate severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we report a hamster model that develops severe COVID-19-like disease following infection with human isolates of SARS-CoV-2. To better understand pathogenesis, we evaluated changes in gene transcription and protein expression over the course of infection to provide an integrated multiorgan kinetic analysis of the host response to infection. These data reveal a dynamic innate immune response to infection and corresponding immune pathologies consistent with severe human disease. Altogether, this model will be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and for testing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelene M. Cantwell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UT-Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Select Agent Research Core, UT-Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Infectious Disease and Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryann Platt
- Infectious Disease and Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Infectious Disease and Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi-Han Lin
- Infectious Disease and Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT-Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, UT-Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Gene Hubbard
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT-Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UT-Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Select Agent Research Core, UT-Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe
- Infectious Disease and Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter H. Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UT-Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Select Agent Research Core, UT-Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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220
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Cheroni C, Manganaro L, Donnici L, Bevilacqua V, Bonnal RJP, Rossi RL, De Francesco R. Novel interferon-sensitive genes unveiled by correlation-driven gene selection and systems biology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18043. [PMID: 34508139 PMCID: PMC8433181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines involved in alerting the immune system to viral infection. After IFN stimulation, cellular transcriptional profile critically changes, leading to the expression of several IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) that exert a wide variety of antiviral activities. Despite many ISGs have been already identified, a comprehensive network of coding and non-coding genes with a central role in IFN-response still needs to be elucidated. We performed a global RNA-Seq transcriptome profile of the HCV permissive human hepatoma cell line Huh7.5 and its parental cell line Huh7, upon IFN treatment, to define a network of genes whose coordinated modulation plays a central role in IFN-response. Our study adds molecular actors, coding and non-coding genes, to the complex molecular network underlying IFN-response and shows how systems biology approaches, such as correlation networks, network's topology and gene ontology analyses can be leveraged to this aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cheroni
- grid.428717.f0000 0004 1802 9805Virology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy ,grid.15667.330000 0004 1757 0843Present Address: High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Present Address: Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Manganaro
- grid.428717.f0000 0004 1802 9805Virology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Donnici
- grid.428717.f0000 0004 1802 9805Virology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bevilacqua
- grid.428717.f0000 0004 1802 9805Virology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Raoul J. P. Bonnal
- grid.428717.f0000 0004 1802 9805Integrative Biology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy ,grid.7678.e0000 0004 1757 7797Present Address: FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo L. Rossi
- grid.428717.f0000 0004 1802 9805Bioinformatics, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- grid.428717.f0000 0004 1802 9805Virology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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221
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Innate Immune Evasion of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus through Degradation of F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 protein via Ubiquitin-proteasome Pathway. J Virol 2021; 96:e0088921. [PMID: 34495699 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00889-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes a porcine disease associated with swine epidemic diarrhea. Different antagonistic strategies have been identified, and the mechanism by which PEDV infection impairs the production of interferon (IFN) and delays the activation of the IFN response to escape host innate immunity has been determined, but the pathogenic mechanisms of PEDV infection remain enigmatic. Our preliminary results revealed that endogenous F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7), the substrate recognition component of the SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, is downregulated in PEDV-infected Vero E6 cells, according to the results from an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analysis. Overexpression of FBXW7 in target cells makes them more resistant to PEDV infection, whereas ablation of FBXW7 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly promotes PEDV infection. In addition, FBXW7 was verified as an innate antiviral factor capable of enhancing the expression of RIG-I and TBK1, and it was found to induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which led to an elevated antiviral state of the host cells. Moreover, we revealed that PEDV nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) interacts with FBXW7 and targets FBXW7 for degradation through the K48-linked ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Consistent with the results proven in vitro, FBXW7 reduction was also confirmed in different intestinal tissues from PEDV-infected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. Taken together, the data indicated that PEDV has evolved with a distinct antagonistic strategy to circumvent the host antiviral response by targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of FBXW7. Our findings provide novel insights into PEDV infection and pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE To counteract the host antiviral defenses, most viruses, including coronaviruses, have evolved with diverse strategies to dampen host IFN-mediated antiviral response, wither by interfering with or evading specific host regulators at multiple steps of this response. In this study, a novel antagonistic strategy was revealed showing that PEDV infection could circumvent the host innate response by targeted degradation of endogenous FBXW7 in target cells, a process that was verified to be a positive modulator for the host innate immune system. Degradation of FBXW7 hampers host innate antiviral activation and facilitates PEDV replication. Our findings reveal a new mechanism exploited by PEDV to suppress the host antiviral response.
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222
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Tong ZWM, Grant E, Gras S, Wu M, Smith C, Barrett HL, Gallo LA, Short KR. The role of T-cell immunity in COVID-19 severity amongst people living with type II diabetes. FEBS J 2021; 288:5042-5054. [PMID: 34216102 PMCID: PMC8420365 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) to respiratory viral infections. Despite the short history of COVID-19, various studies have shown that patients with DM are more likely to have increased hospitalisation and mortality rates as compared to patients without. At present, the mechanisms underlying this susceptibility are unclear. However, prior studies show that the course of COVID-19 disease is linked to the efficacy of the host's T-cell responses. Healthy individuals who can elicit a robust T-cell response are more likely to limit the severity of COVID-19. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that an impaired T-cell response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) drives the severity of COVID-19 in this patient population. While there is currently a limited amount of information that specifically addresses T-cell responses in COVID-19 patients with T2DM, there is a wealth of evidence from other infectious diseases that T-cell immunity is impaired in patients with T2DM. The reasons for this are likely multifactorial, including the presence of hyperglycaemia, glycaemic variability and metformin use. This review emphasises the need for further research into T-cell responses of COVID-19 patients with T2DM in order to better inform our response to COVID-19 and future disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei Marcus Tong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Emma Grant
- La Trobe University ‐ La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS)MelbourneAustralia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- La Trobe University ‐ La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS)MelbourneAustralia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Melanie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Corey Smith
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ‐ QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development BrisbaneAustralia
| | - Helen L. Barrett
- Department of EndocrinologyMater HealthBrisbaneAustralia
- Mater Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Linda A. Gallo
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia
| | - Kirsty R. Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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223
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Antony F, Pundkar C, Sandey M, Jaiswal AK, Mishra A, Kumar A, Channappanavar R, Suryawanshi A. IFN-λ Regulates Neutrophil Biology to Suppress Inflammation in Herpes Simplex Virus-1-Induced Corneal Immunopathology. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1866-1877. [PMID: 33811102 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HSV-1 infection of the cornea causes a severe immunoinflammatory and vision-impairing condition called herpetic stromal keratitis (SK). The virus replication in corneal epithelium followed by neutrophil- and CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammation plays a dominant role in SK. Although previous studies demonstrate critical functions of type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) in HSV-1 infection, the role of recently discovered IFN-λ (type III IFN), specifically at the corneal mucosa, is poorly defined. Our study using a mouse model of SK pathogenesis shows that HSV-1 infection induces a robust IFN-λ response compared with type I IFN production at the corneal mucosal surface. However, the normal progression of SK indicates that the endogenous IFN responses are insufficient to suppress HSV-1-induced corneal pathology. Therefore, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of exogenous rIFN-λ during SK progression. Our results show that rIFN-λ therapy suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration in the cornea and significantly reduced the SK pathologic condition. Early rIFN-λ treatment significantly reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, and IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL-1 production in the cornea. Notably, the virucidal capacity of neutrophils and macrophages measured by reactive oxygen species generation was not affected. Similarly, ex vivo rIFN-λ treatment of HSV-1-stimulated bone marrow-derived neutrophils significantly promoted IFN-stimulated genes without affecting reactive oxygen species production. Collectively, our data demonstrate that exogenous topical rIFN-λ treatment during the development and progression of SK could represent a novel therapeutic approach to control HSV-1-induced inflammation and associated vision impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrin Antony
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Chetan Pundkar
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Anil K Jaiswal
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | | | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849;
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224
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Listeria exploits IFITM3 to suppress antibacterial activity in phagocytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4999. [PMID: 34404769 PMCID: PMC8371165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway has important functions in resistance to viral infection, with the downstream induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISG) protecting the host from virus entry, replication and spread. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a facultative intracellular foodborne pathogen, can exploit the type I IFN response as part of their pathogenic strategy, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here we show that type I IFN suppresses the antibacterial activity of phagocytes to promote systemic Lm infection. Mechanistically, type I IFN suppresses phagosome maturation and proteolysis of Lm virulence factors ActA and LLO, thereby promoting phagosome escape and cell-to-cell spread; the antiviral protein, IFN-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), is required for this type I IFN-mediated alteration. Ifitm3-/- mice are resistant to systemic infection by Lm, displaying decreased bacterial spread in tissues, and increased immune cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling. Together, our findings show how an antiviral mechanism in phagocytes can be exploited by bacterial pathogens, and implicate IFITM3 as a potential antimicrobial therapeutic target.
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225
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Börold J, Eletto D, Busnadiego I, Mair NK, Moritz E, Schiefer S, Schmidt N, Petric PP, Wong WWL, Schwemmle M, Hale BG. BRD9 is a druggable component of interferon-stimulated gene expression and antiviral activity. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52823. [PMID: 34397140 PMCID: PMC8490982 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) creates a formidable protective antiviral state. However, loss of appropriate control mechanisms can result in constitutive pathogenic ISG upregulation. Here, we used genome-scale loss-of-function screening to establish genes critical for IFN-induced transcription, identifying all expected members of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and a previously unappreciated epigenetic reader, bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9), the defining subunit of non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) chromatin-remodeling complexes. Genetic knockout or small-molecule-mediated degradation of BRD9 limits IFN-induced expression of a subset of ISGs in multiple cell types and prevents IFN from exerting full antiviral activity against several RNA and DNA viruses, including influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1), and herpes simplex virus (HSV1). Mechanistically, BRD9 acts at the level of transcription, and its IFN-triggered proximal association with the ISG transcriptional activator, STAT2, suggests a functional localization at selected ISG promoters. Furthermore, BRD9 relies on its intact acetyl-binding bromodomain and unique ncBAF scaffolding interaction with GLTSCR1/1L to promote IFN action. Given its druggability, BRD9 is an attractive target for dampening ISG expression under certain autoinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Börold
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Eletto
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Idoia Busnadiego
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina K Mair
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Moritz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samira Schiefer
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp P Petric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W Wei-Lynn Wong
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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226
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Shu J, Ma X, Zhang Y, Zou J, Yuan Z, Yi Z. NS5-independent Ablation of STAT2 by Zika virus to antagonize interferon signalling. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1609-1625. [PMID: 34340648 PMCID: PMC8366623 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1964384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus genus includes numerous arthropod-borne human pathogens that are clinically important. Flaviviruses are notorious for their ability to antagonize host interferon (IFN) induced anti-viral signalling. It has been documented that NS5s of flaviviruses mediate proteasome degradation of STAT2 to evade IFN signalling. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of the IFN antagonism by the viruses and reversing this antagonism may dictate anti-viral responses and provide novel antiviral approaches. In this report, by using Zika virus (ZIKV) as a model, we first demonstrated that ZIKV antagonized interferon signalling in an infectious dose-dependent manner; in other words, the virus antagonized interferon signalling at a high multiple of infection (MOI) and was sensitive to interferon signalling at a low MOI. Mechanistically, we found that ZIKV infection triggered degradation of ubiquitinated STAT2 and host short-lived proteins while didn't affect the proteasome activity per se. ZIKV infection resulted in suppression of host de novo protein synthesis. Overexpression of NS5 alone only marginally reduced STAT2 and had no effect on the host de novo protein synthesis. Ectopically expressed murine STAT2 that was resistant to NS5- and ZIKV-induced ablation exaggerated the IFN-induced anti-viral signalling. These data favour a new model of the innate immune evasion of ZIKV in which the viral infection triggers suppression of host de novo protein synthesis to accelerate the degradation of short-lived, ubiquitinated STAT2. As flaviviruses share a very conserved replication strategy, the mechanisms of IFN antagonism elucidated here might also be employed by other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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227
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Quantifying dose-, strain-, and tissue-specific kinetics of parainfluenza virus infection. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009299. [PMID: 34383757 PMCID: PMC8384156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are a leading cause of acute respiratory infection hospitalization in children, yet little is known about how dose, strain, tissue tropism, and individual heterogeneity affects the processes driving growth and clearance kinetics. Longitudinal measurements are possible by using reporter Sendai viruses, the murine counterpart of HPIV 1, that express luciferase, where the insertion location yields a wild-type (rSeV-luc(M-F*)) or attenuated (rSeV-luc(P-M)) phenotype. Bioluminescence from individual animals suggests that there is a rapid increase in expression followed by a peak, biphasic clearance, and resolution. However, these kinetics vary between individuals and with dose, strain, and whether the infection was initiated in the upper and/or lower respiratory tract. To quantify the differences, we translated the bioluminescence measurements from the nasopharynx, trachea, and lung into viral loads and used a mathematical model together a nonlinear mixed effects approach to define the mechanisms distinguishing each scenario. The results confirmed a higher rate of virus production with the rSeV-luc(M-F*) virus compared to its attenuated counterpart, and suggested that low doses result in disproportionately fewer infected cells. The analyses indicated faster infectivity and infected cell clearance rates in the lung and that higher viral doses, and concomitantly higher infected cell numbers, resulted in more rapid clearance. This parameter was also highly variable amongst individuals, which was particularly evident during infection in the lung. These critical differences provide important insight into distinct HPIV dynamics, and show how bioluminescence data can be combined with quantitative analyses to dissect host-, virus-, and dose-dependent effects. Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) cause acute respiratory infections and can lead to the hospitalization of children. HPIV infection severity may vary due to dose, strain, patient, and whether the infection initiates within the upper or lower respiratory tract. There is a need to determine how the rates of virus spread and clearance change in different infection scenarios in order to better understand varying clinical manifestations. The significance of our research is in identifying the dominant mechanisms driving strain-, dose-, and tissue-specific HPIV infection kinetics, and in pairing bioluminescence data with quantitative analyses to determine how the same virus can yield patient-specific outcomes. This work enhances our understanding of HPIV infection and broadens our knowledge viral dynamics in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
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228
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Van Eyndhoven LC, Singh A, Tel J. Decoding the dynamics of multilayered stochastic antiviral IFN-I responses. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:824-839. [PMID: 34364820 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I Interferon (IFN-I) responses were first recognized for their role in antiviral immunity, but it is now widely appreciated that IFN-Is have many immunomodulatory functions, influencing antitumor responses, autoimmune manifestations, and antimicrobial defenses. Given these pivotal roles, it may be surprising that multilayered stochastic events create highly heterogeneous, but tightly regulated, all-or-nothing cellular decisions. Recently, mathematical models have provided crucial insights into the stochastic nature of antiviral IFN-I responses, which we critically evaluate in this review. In this context, we emphasize the need for innovative single-cell technologies combined with mathematical models to further reveal, understand, and predict the complexity of the IFN-I system in physiological and pathological conditions that may be relevant to a plethora of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Van Eyndhoven
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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229
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Identification of potential biomarkers in dengue via integrated bioinformatic analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009633. [PMID: 34347790 PMCID: PMC8336846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever virus (DENV) is a global health threat that is becoming increasingly critical. However, the pathogenesis of dengue has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we employed bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers related to dengue fever and clarify their underlying mechanisms. The results showed that there were 668, 1901, and 8283 differentially expressed genes between the dengue-infected samples and normal samples in the GSE28405, GSE38246, and GSE51808 datasets, respectively. Through overlapping, a total of 69 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 51 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated. We identified twelve hub genes, including MX1, IFI44L, IFI44, IFI27, ISG15, STAT1, IFI35, OAS3, OAS2, OAS1, IFI6, and USP18. Except for IFI44 and STAT1, the others were statistically significant after validation. We predicted the related microRNAs (miRNAs) of these 12 target genes through the database miRTarBase, and finally obtained one important miRNA: has-mir-146a-5p. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were carried out, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to gain insight into the actions of DEGs. In conclusion, our study displayed the effectiveness of bioinformatics analysis methods in screening potential pathogenic genes in dengue fever and their underlying mechanisms. Further, we successfully predicted IFI44L and IFI6, as potential biomarkers with DENV infection, providing promising targets for the treatment of dengue fever to a certain extent. Dengue fever is a mosquito borne viral disease caused by a single stranded RNA virus with four serotypes. DENV infection can cause various diseases, such as breakbone fever, haemorrhagic fever, and shock syndrome. As one of the most viral diseases leading to incidence rate and mortality in animal arthropods, Dengue fever has become an increasingly serious global health threat. However, the pathogenesis of dengue fever has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers associated with dengue fever and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Finally, we predicted that IFI44L and IFI6 might be potential biomarkers of DENV infection. This finding provides a promising target for the treatment of dengue fever to a certain extent. In addition, the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were implemented to analyze the key differentially expressed genes after DENV infection, and the related mechanisms were illuminated by this study.
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230
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Hu D, Wang Y, Li A, Li Q, Wu C, Shereen MA, Huang S, Wu K, Zhu Y, Wang W, Wu J. LAMR1 restricts Zika virus infection by attenuating the envelope protein ubiquitination. Virulence 2021; 12:1795-1807. [PMID: 34282707 PMCID: PMC8293954 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1948261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can cause severe neurological disorders, including Guillain–Barre syndrome and meningoencephalitis in adults and microcephaly in fetuses. Here, we reveal that laminin receptor 1 (LAMR1) is a novel host resistance factor against ZIKV infection. Mechanistically, we found that LAMR1 binds to ZIKV envelope (E) protein via its intracellular region and attenuates E protein ubiquitination through recruiting the deubiquitinase eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit 5 (EIF3S5). We further found that the conserved G282 residue of E protein is essential for its interaction with LAMR1. Moreover, a G282A substitution abolished the binding of E protein to LAMR1 and inhibited LAMR1-mediated E protein deubiquitination. Together, our results indicated that LAMR1 represses ZIKV infection through binding to E protein and attenuating its ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Yingchong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Aixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Caifeng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Shanyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou China.,Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan China
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231
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Froggatt HM, Harding AT, Chaparian RR, Heaton NS. ETV7 limits antiviral gene expression and control of influenza viruses. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/691/eabe1194. [PMID: 34257104 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) response is an important component of the innate immune response to viral infection. Precise control of IFN responses is critical because insufficient expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) can lead to a failure to restrict viral spread, whereas excessive ISG activation can result in IFN-related pathologies. Although both positive and negative regulatory factors control the magnitude and duration of IFN signaling, it is also appreciated that several ISGs regulate aspects of the IFN response themselves. In this study, we performed a CRISPR activation screen to identify previously unknown regulators of the type I IFN response. We identified the strongly induced ISG encoding ETS variant transcription factor 7 (ETV7) as a negative regulator of the type I IFN response. However, ETV7 did not uniformly suppress ISG transcription. Instead, ETV7 preferentially targeted a subset of antiviral ISGs that were particularly important for IFN-mediated control of influenza viruses. Together, our data assign a function for ETV7 as an IFN response regulator and also identify ETV7 as a potential therapeutic target to increase innate antiviral responses and enhance IFN-based antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Froggatt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alfred T Harding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ryan R Chaparian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicholas S Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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232
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Antimicrobial immunotherapeutics: past, present and future. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:609-628. [PMID: 34196722 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this age of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobials. One area of recent interest is in developing antimicrobial effector molecules, and even cell-based therapies, based on those of the immune system. In this review, some of the more interesting approaches will be discussed, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, Interferons (IFNs), Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, Antibodies, Vaccines and the potential role of trained immunity in protection from and/or treatment of infection.
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233
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Ricci D, Etna MP, Rizzo F, Sandini S, Severa M, Coccia EM. Innate Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From Cells to Soluble Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7017. [PMID: 34209845 PMCID: PMC8268312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vulnerability of humankind to SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of a pre-existing immunity, the unpredictability of the infection outcome, and the high transmissibility, broad tissue tropism, and ability to exploit and subvert the immune response pose a major challenge and are likely perpetuating the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, this peculiar infectious scenario provides researchers with a unique opportunity for studying, with the latest immunological techniques and understandings, the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 naïve versus recovered subjects as well as in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinees. Interestingly, the current understanding of COVID-19 indicates that the combined action of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines fine-tunes the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related immunopathogenesis. Indeed, the emerging picture clearly shows that the excessive inflammatory response against this virus is among the main causes of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. In this review, the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is described not only in light of its capacity to influence the adaptive immune response towards a protective phenotype but also with the intent to point out the multiple strategies exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to antagonize host antiviral response and, finally, to outline inborn errors predisposing individuals to COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliana Marina Coccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (M.P.E.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (M.S.)
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234
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Choi YM, Jeong H, Park U, Cho NH, Kim BJ. A Hepatitis B Virus-Derived Peptide Can Inhibit Infection of Human Lung Cells with SARS-CoV-2 in a Type-1 Interferon-Dependent Manner. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071227. [PMID: 34202029 PMCID: PMC8310041 DOI: 10.3390/v13071227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) hexamer peptide, Poly6, which is capable of eliciting an antiviral effect against human immunodeficiency virus -1 (HIV-1), as a novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, and a strong anticancer immune response in an IFN-I-dependent manner, as a novel potential adjuvant in anticancer immunotherapy. Here, we report that Poly6 exerts an anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect, with an estimated 50% inhibitory concentration of 2.617 µM, in the human bronchial epithelial cell line, Calu-3 but not in Vero-E6 cells, which are deficient in type 1 interferon (IFN-I) signaling. We proved via assays based on mRNA profiles, inhibitors, or blocking antibodies that Poly6 can exert an anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect in an IFN-I-dependent manner. We also found that Poly6 inhibits IL-6 production enhanced by SARS-CoV-2 in infected Calu-3 cells at both the transcription and the translation levels, mediated via IL-10 induction in an IFN-I-dependent manner. These results indicate the feasibility of Poly6 as an IFN-I-inducing COVID-19 drug with potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyein Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.J.); (U.P.); (N.-H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Liver Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8315; Fax: +82-2-743-0881
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235
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Zhai H, Shi J, Sun R, Tan Z, Swaiba UE, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang L, Guo Y, Huang J. The superposition anti-viral activity of porcine tri-subtype interferon expressed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vet Microbiol 2021; 259:109150. [PMID: 34144506 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are central to host defense against viral infection. Porcine viral infection has emerged as a serious hazard for the pig industry. The construction of an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that efficiently produces porcine IFN has demonstrated several advantages. It can be easily fed to pigs, which helps in reducing antibiotic residues in pork and improve meat quality. In this study, the stable expression of several porcine IFN molecules (pIFN-α1, pIFN-β, pIFN-λ1, pIFN-λ1-β, pIFN-λ1-β-α1) were determined using an engineered S. cerevisiae system. With the YeastFab assembly method, the complete transcriptional units containing promoter (GPD), secretory peptide (α-mating factor), target gene (IFN) and terminator (ADH1) were successfully constructed using the characteristics of type II restriction endonuclease, and then integrated into the chromosomes Ⅳ and XVI of ST1814 yeast host strain, respectively. The expression kinetics of recombinant pIFNs were further analyzed. Synergism in the expression level of IFN receptor, antiviral protein, and viral loading was observed in viral-cell infection model treated with different porcine IFN subtypes. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viral load and antibody titer in serum decreased significantly after oral administration of IFN expression yeast fermentation broth. These findings indicate the potential efficacy of multi-valent pIFNs expressing S. cerevisiae as a potent feed material to prevent viral infections of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingxuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Umm E Swaiba
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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236
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SARS-CoV-2 Nonstructural Protein 1 Inhibits the Interferon Response by Causing Depletion of Key Host Signaling Factors. J Virol 2021; 95:e0026621. [PMID: 34110264 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00266-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While previous studies have shown that several SARS-CoV-2 proteins can antagonize the interferon (IFN) response, some of the mechanisms by which they do so are not well understood. In this study, we describe two novel mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 blocks the IFN pathway. Type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were poorly induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and once infection was established, cells were highly resistant to ectopic induction of IFNs and ISGs. Levels of two key IFN signaling pathway components, Tyk2 and STAT2, were significantly lower in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Expression of nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) or nucleocapsid in the absence of other viral proteins was sufficient to block IFN induction, but only NSP1 was able to inhibit IFN signaling. Mapping studies suggest that NSP1 prevents IFN induction in part by blocking IRF3 phosphorylation. In addition, NSP1-induced depletion of Tyk2 and STAT2 dampened ISG induction. Together, our data provide new insights into how SARS-CoV-2 successfully evades the IFN system to establish infection. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, a serious disease that can have a myriad of symptoms from loss of taste and smell to pneumonia and hypercoagulation. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed in part to asymptomatic transmission, where infected individuals shed large amounts of virus before the onset of disease. This is likely due to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to effectively suppress the innate immune system, including the IFN response. Indeed, we show that the IFN response is efficiently blocked during SARS-CoV-2 infection, a process that is mediated in large part by nonstructural protein 1 and nucleocapsid. Our study provides new insights on how SARS-CoV-2 evades the IFN response to successfully establish infection. These findings should be considered for the development and administration of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
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237
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Dyavar SR, Singh R, Emani R, Pawar GP, Chaudhari VD, Podany AT, Avedissian SN, Fletcher CV, Salunke DB. Role of toll-like receptor 7/8 pathways in regulation of interferon response and inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV2 infection and potential therapeutic options. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111794. [PMID: 34153851 PMCID: PMC8189763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the causative agent of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Lower production of type I and III interferons and higher levels of inflammatory mediators upon SARS-CoV2 infection contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Optimal interferon production and controlled inflammation are essential to limit COVID-19 pathogenesis. However, the aggravated inflammatory response observed in COVID-19 patients causes severe damage to the host and frequently advances to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) signaling pathways play a central role in regulating induction of interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory mediators in dendritic cells. Controlled inflammation is possible through regulation of TLR mediated response without influencing interferon production to reduce COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review focuses on inflammatory mediators that contribute to pathogenic effects and the role of TLR pathways in the induction of interferon and inflammatory mediators and their contribution to COVID-19 pathogenesis. We conclude that potential TLR7/8 agonists inducing antiviral interferon response and controlling inflammation are important therapeutic options to effectively eliminate SARS-CoV2 induced pathogenesis. Ongoing and future studies may provide additional evidence on their safety and efficacy to treat COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shetty Ravi Dyavar
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rohini Emani
- Buck Institute for Research on Ageing, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Ganesh P Pawar
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbiology Technology Chandigarh, Sector-39A, Chandigarh,160036, India
| | - Vinod D Chaudhari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbiology Technology Chandigarh, Sector-39A, Chandigarh,160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anthony T Podany
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sean N Avedissian
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Courtney V Fletcher
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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238
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Sui Y, Li J, Venzon DJ, Berzofsky JA. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Suppresses ACE2 and Type I Interferon Expression in Primary Cells From Macaque Lung Bronchoalveolar Lavage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658428. [PMID: 34149696 PMCID: PMC8213020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus causes upper and lower respiratory diseases including pneumonia, and in some cases, leads to lethal pulmonary failure. Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), the receptor for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been shown to protect against severe acute lung failure. Here, we provide evidence that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 reduced the mRNA expression of ACE2 and type I interferons in primary cells of lung bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from naïve rhesus macaques. The expression levels of ACE2 and type I interferons were also found to be correlated with each other, consistent with the recent finding that ACE2 is an interferon-inducible gene. Furthermore, induction of ACE2 and type I interferons by poly I:C, an interferon inducer, was suppressed by S1 protein in primary cells of BAL. These observations suggest that the downregulation of ACE2 and type I interferons induced by S1 protein may directly contribute to SARS-CoV-2-associated lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jianping Li
- Vaccine Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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239
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Xu-Chen X, Weinstock J, Rastogi D, Koumbourlis A, Nino G. The airway epithelium during infancy and childhood: A complex multicellular immune barrier. Basic review for clinicians. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 38:9-15. [PMID: 34030977 PMCID: PMC8859843 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a complex multicellular layer that extends from the nasopharynx to the small airways. It functions as an immune respiratory barrier during early life that develops, matures, and regenerates to adapt to the changes in the environment. While airway epithelial abnormalities have been identified in several clinical disorders, there is increasing interest in understanding its basic regulation and structure in humans. Indeed, recent advances in technology (e.g. single-cell analysis and new human airway epithelial cell models) have allowed us to identify additional cellular subtypes and functions that overall have greatly improved our understanding of the airway epithelium during health and disease. In this review we summarize key features of the airway epithelium including: 1) multilayer structure and cell heterogeneity; 2) adaptability to different environmental and developmental stimuli; 3) innate recognition; and 4) orchestration of immune responses. We discuss these features with a translational and clinical prospective focusing on the development of human respiratory immunity, particularly during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA.
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240
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Abstract
Human responses to infection include transcriptional changes shared across diverse pathogens. To capture these common patterns, we establish the concept of, and the method for, the identification of “transfer signatures”: sets of genes defining human immunophenotypes. We demonstrate the usefulness of transfer signatures in two use cases: the progression of latent to active tuberculosis and the severity of viral respiratory infections. The modulation of the transcriptome is among the earliest responses to infection. However, defining the transcriptomic signatures of disease is challenging because logistic, technical, and cost factors limit the size and representativeness of samples in clinical studies. These limitations lead to a poor performance of signatures when applied to new datasets. Although the study focuses on infection, the central hypothesis of the work is the generalization of sets of signatures across diseases. We use a machine learning approach to identify common elements in datasets and then test empirically whether they are informative about a second dataset from a disease or process distinct from the original dataset. We identify sets of genes, which we name transfer signatures, that are predictive across diverse datasets and/or species (e.g., rhesus to humans). We demonstrate the usefulness of transfer signatures in two use cases: the progression of latent to active tuberculosis and the severity of COVID-19 and influenza A H1N1 infection. This indicates that transfer signatures can be deployed in settings that lack disease-specific biomarkers. The broad significance of our work lies in the concept that a small set of archetypal human immunophenotypes, captured by transfer signatures, can explain a larger set of responses to diverse diseases.
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241
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Tanaka Y, Higashihara K, Nakazawa MA, Yamashita F, Tamada Y, Okuno Y. Dynamic changes in gene-to-gene regulatory networks in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11241. [PMID: 34045524 PMCID: PMC8160150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has caused extensive damage to society. The characterization of SARS-CoV-2 profiles has been addressed by researchers globally with the aim of resolving this disruptive crisis. This investigation process is indispensable to understand how SARS-CoV-2 behaves in human host cells. However, little is known about the systematic molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human host cells. Here, we present gene-to-gene regulatory networks in response to SARS-CoV-2 using a Bayesian network. We examined the dynamic changes in the SARS-CoV-2-purturbated networks established by our proposed framework for gene network analysis, thus revealing that interferon signaling gradually switched to the subsequent inflammatory cytokine signaling cascades. Furthermore, we succeeded in capturing a COVID-19 patient-specific network in which transduction of these signals was concurrently induced. This enabled us to explore the local regulatory systems influenced by SARS-CoV-2 in host cells more precisely at an individual level. Our panel of network analyses has provided new insights into SARS-CoV-2 research from the perspective of cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Biomedical Computational Intelligence Unit, HPC- and AI-driven Drug Development Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kako Higashihara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tamada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Biomedical Computational Intelligence Unit, HPC- and AI-driven Drug Development Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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242
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Li M, Ferretti M, Ying B, Descamps H, Lee E, Dittmar M, Lee JS, Whig K, Kamalia B, Dohnalová L, Uhr G, Zarkoob H, Chen YC, Ramage H, Ferrer M, Lynch K, Schultz DC, Thaiss CA, Diamond MS, Cherry S. Pharmacological activation of STING blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabi9007. [PMID: 34010142 PMCID: PMC10021026 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi9007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic, resulting millions of infections and deaths with few effective interventions available. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 evades interferon (IFN) activation in respiratory epithelial cells, resulting in a delayed response in bystander cells. Since pretreatment with IFNs can block viral infection, we reasoned that pharmacological activation of innate immune pathways could control SARS-CoV-2 infection. To identify potent antiviral innate immune agonists, we screened a panel of 75 microbial ligands that activate diverse signaling pathways and identified cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), canonical STING agonists, as antiviral. Since CDNs have poor bioavailability, we tested the small molecule STING agonist diABZI, and found that it potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of diverse strains including variants of concern (B.1.351) by transiently stimulating IFN signaling. Importantly, diABZI restricts viral replication in primary human bronchial epithelial cells and in mice in vivo. Our study provides evidence that activation of STING may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to control SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Max Ferretti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hélène Descamps
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Emily Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Mark Dittmar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Kanupriya Whig
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
- High Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Brinda Kamalia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
- High Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Lenka Dohnalová
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Giulia Uhr
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Hoda Zarkoob
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Holly Ramage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Kristen Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - David C. Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
- High Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | | | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
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243
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Strange DP, Jiyarom B, Sadri-Ardekani H, Cazares LH, Kenny TA, Ward MD, Verma S. Paracrine IFN Response Limits ZIKV Infection in Human Sertoli Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667146. [PMID: 34079533 PMCID: PMC8165286 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is unique among mosquito-borne flaviviruses in its ability to be sexually transmitted. The testes have been implicated as sites of long-term ZIKV replication, and our previous studies have identified Sertoli cells (SC), the nurse cells of the seminiferous epithelium that govern spermatogenesis, as major targets of ZIKV infection. To improve our understanding of the interaction of ZIKV with human SC, we analyzed ZIKV-induced proteome changes in these cells using high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Our data demonstrated that interferon (IFN) signaling was the most significantly enriched pathway and the antiviral proteins MX1 and IFIT1 were among the top upregulated proteins in SC following ZIKV infection. The dynamic between IFN response and ZIKV infection kinetics in SC remains unclear, therefore we further determined whether MX1 and IFIT1 serve as antiviral effectors against ZIKV. We found that increased levels of MX1 at the later time points of infection coincided with diminished ZIKV infection while the silencing of MX1 and IFIT1 enhanced peak ZIKV propagation in SC. Furthermore, although IFN-I exposure was found to significantly hinder ZIKV replication in SC, IFN response was attenuated in these cells as compared to other cell types. The data in this study highlight IFN-I as a driver of the antiviral state that limits ZIKV infection in SC and suggests that MX1 and IFIT1 function as antiviral effectors against ZIKV in SC. Collectively, this study provides important biological insights into the response of SC to ZIKV infection and the ability of the virus to persist in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Strange
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mãnoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Boonyanudh Jiyarom
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mãnoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Hooman Sadri-Ardekani
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lisa H. Cazares
- Systems and Structural Biology Division, Protein Sciences Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tara A. Kenny
- Systems and Structural Biology Division, Protein Sciences Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Systems and Structural Biology Division, Protein Sciences Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Saguna Verma
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mãnoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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244
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Chen Y, Hu J, Liu S, Chen B, Xiao M, Li Y, Liao Y, Rai KR, Zhao Z, Ouyang J, Pan Q, Zhang L, Huang S, Chen JL. RDUR, a lncRNA, Promotes Innate Antiviral Responses and Provides Feedback Control of NF-κB Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672165. [PMID: 34054851 PMCID: PMC8160526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV), a highly infectious respiratory pathogen, remains a major threat to global public health. Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be implicated in various cellular processes. Here, we identified a new lncRNA termed RIG-I-dependent IAV-upregulated noncoding RNA (RDUR), which was induced by infections with IAV and several other viruses. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that robust expression of host RDUR induced by IAV was dependent on the RIG-I/NF-κB pathway. Overexpression of RDUR suppressed IAV replication and downregulation of RDUR promoted the virus replication. Deficiency of mouse RDUR increased virus production in lungs, body weight loss, acute organ damage and consequently reduced survival rates of mice, in response to IAV infection. RDUR impaired the viral replication by upregulating the expression of several vital antiviral molecules including interferons (IFNs) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Further study showed that RDUR interacted with ILF2 and ILF3 that were required for the efficient expression of some ISGs such as IFITM3 and MX1. On the other hand, we found that while NF-κB positively regulated the expression of RDUR, increased expression of RDUR, in turn, inactivated NF-κB through a negative feedback mechanism to suppress excessive inflammatory response to viral infection. Together, the results demonstrate that RDUR is an important lncRNA acting as a critical regulator of innate immunity against the viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Biao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kul Raj Rai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qidong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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245
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Declerck K, Novo CP, Grielens L, Van Camp G, Suter A, Vanden Berghe W. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench treatment of monocytes promotes tonic interferon signaling, increased innate immunity gene expression and DNA repeat hypermethylated silencing of endogenous retroviral sequences. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:141. [PMID: 33980308 PMCID: PMC8114977 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Herbal remedies of Echinacea purpurea tinctures are widely used today to reduce common cold respiratory tract infections. Methods Transcriptome, epigenome and kinome profiling allowed a systems biology level characterisation of genomewide immunomodulatory effects of a standardized Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench extract in THP1 monocytes. Results Gene expression and DNA methylation analysis revealed that Echinaforce® treatment triggers antiviral innate immunity pathways, involving tonic IFN signaling, activation of pattern recognition receptors, chemotaxis and immunometabolism. Furthermore, phosphopeptide based kinome activity profiling and pharmacological inhibitor experiments with filgotinib confirm a key role for Janus Kinase (JAK)-1 dependent gene expression changes in innate immune signaling. Finally, Echinaforce® treatment induces DNA hypermethylation at intergenic CpG, long/short interspersed nuclear DNA repeat elements (LINE, SINE) or long termininal DNA repeats (LTR). This changes transcription of flanking endogenous retroviral sequences (HERVs), involved in an evolutionary conserved (epi) genomic protective response against viral infections. Conclusions Altogether, our results suggest that Echinaforce® phytochemicals strengthen antiviral innate immunity through tonic IFN regulation of pattern recognition and chemokine gene expression and DNA repeat hypermethylated silencing of HERVs in monocytes. These results suggest that immunomodulation by Echinaforce® treatment holds promise to reduce symptoms and duration of infection episodes of common cold corona viruses (CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV, and new occurring strains such as SARS-CoV-2, with strongly impaired interferon (IFN) response and weak innate antiviral defense. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03310-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Declerck
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claudina Perez Novo
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisa Grielens
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA) and University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium.
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246
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Choi H, Shin EC. Roles of Type I and III Interferons in COVID-19. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:381-390. [PMID: 33908208 PMCID: PMC8084697 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.5.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Type I and III interferon (IFN) responses act as the first line of defense against viral infection and are activated by the recognition of viruses by infected cells and innate immune cells. Dysregulation of host IFN responses has been known to be associated with severe disease progression in COVID-19 patients. However, the reported results are controversial and the roles of IFN responses in COVID-19 need to be investigated further. In the absence of a highly efficacious antiviral drug, clinical studies have evaluated recombinant type I and III IFNs, as they have been successfully used for the treatment of infections caused by two other epidemic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. In this review, we describe the strategies by which SARS-CoV-2 evades IFN responses and the dysregulation of host IFN responses in COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of type I and III IFNs in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eui Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, Daejeon, Korea.
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247
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Banerjee A, El-Sayes N, Budylowski P, Jacob RA, Richard D, Maan H, Aguiar JA, Demian WL, Baid K, D'Agostino MR, Ang JC, Murdza T, Tremblay BJM, Afkhami S, Karimzadeh M, Irving AT, Yip L, Ostrowski M, Hirota JA, Kozak R, Capellini TD, Miller MS, Wang B, Mubareka S, McGeer AJ, McArthur AG, Doxey AC, Mossman K. Experimental and natural evidence of SARS-CoV-2-infection-induced activation of type I interferon responses. iScience 2021; 24:102477. [PMID: 33937724 PMCID: PMC8074517 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are our first line of defense against virus infection. Recent studies have suggested the ability of SARS-CoV-2 proteins to inhibit IFN responses. Emerging data also suggest that timing and extent of IFN production is associated with manifestation of COVID-19 severity. In spite of progress in understanding how SARS-CoV-2 activates antiviral responses, mechanistic studies into wild-type SARS-CoV-2-mediated induction and inhibition of human type I IFN responses are scarce. Here we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a type I IFN response in vitro and in moderate cases of COVID-19. In vitro stimulation of type I IFN expression and signaling in human airway epithelial cells is associated with activation of canonical transcriptions factors, and SARS-CoV-2 is unable to inhibit exogenous induction of these responses. Furthermore, we show that physiological levels of IFNα detected in patients with moderate COVID-19 is sufficient to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinjay Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Corresponding author
| | - Nader El-Sayes
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Patrick Budylowski
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rajesh Abraham Jacob
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Daniel Richard
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hassaan Maan
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Aguiar
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wael L. Demian
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kaushal Baid
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Michael R. D'Agostino
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jann Catherine Ang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tetyana Murdza
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Sam Afkhami
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mehran Karimzadeh
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Aaron T. Irving
- Zhejiang University – University of Edinburgh Institute, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lily Yip
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mario Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, UnityHealth, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Robert Kozak
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Terence D. Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Matthew S. Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Allison J. McGeer
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Andrew G. McArthur
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Andrew C. Doxey
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Corresponding author
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Judd EN, Gilchrist AR, Meyerson NR, Sawyer SL. Positive natural selection in primate genes of the type I interferon response. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:65. [PMID: 33902453 PMCID: PMC8074226 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Type I interferon response is an important first-line defense against viruses. In turn, viruses antagonize (i.e., degrade, mis-localize, etc.) many proteins in interferon pathways. Thus, hosts and viruses are locked in an evolutionary arms race for dominance of the Type I interferon pathway. As a result, many genes in interferon pathways have experienced positive natural selection in favor of new allelic forms that can better recognize viruses or escape viral antagonists. Here, we performed a holistic analysis of selective pressures acting on genes in the Type I interferon family. We initially hypothesized that the genes responsible for inducing the production of interferon would be antagonized more heavily by viruses than genes that are turned on as a result of interferon. Our logic was that viruses would have greater effect if they worked upstream of the production of interferon molecules because, once interferon is produced, hundreds of interferon-stimulated proteins would activate and the virus would need to counteract them one-by-one.
Results We curated multiple sequence alignments of primate orthologs for 131 genes active in interferon production and signaling (herein, “induction” genes), 100 interferon-stimulated genes, and 100 randomly chosen genes. We analyzed each multiple sequence alignment for the signatures of recurrent positive selection. Counter to our hypothesis, we found the interferon-stimulated genes, and not interferon induction genes, are evolving significantly more rapidly than a random set of genes. Interferon induction genes evolve in a way that is indistinguishable from a matched set of random genes (22% and 18% of genes bear signatures of positive selection, respectively). In contrast, interferon-stimulated genes evolve differently, with 33% of genes evolving under positive selection and containing a significantly higher fraction of codons that have experienced selection for recurrent replacement of the encoded amino acid. Conclusion Viruses may antagonize individual products of the interferon response more often than trying to neutralize the system altogether.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01783-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Judd
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Alison R Gilchrist
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Nicholas R Meyerson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Sara L Sawyer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.
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Padariya M, Sznarkowska A, Kote S, Gómez-Herranz M, Mikac S, Pilch M, Alfaro J, Fahraeus R, Hupp T, Kalathiya U. Functional Interfaces, Biological Pathways, and Regulations of Interferon-Related DNA Damage Resistance Signature (IRDS) Genes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:622. [PMID: 33922087 PMCID: PMC8143464 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-related DNA damage resistant signature (IRDS) genes are a subgroup of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) found upregulated in different cancer types, which promotes resistance to DNA damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Along with briefly discussing IFNs and signalling in this review, we highlighted how different IRDS genes are affected by viruses. On the contrary, different strategies adopted to suppress a set of IRDS genes (STAT1, IRF7, OAS family, and BST2) to induce (chemo- and radiotherapy) sensitivity were deliberated. Significant biological pathways that comprise these genes were classified, along with their frequently associated genes (IFIT1/3, IFITM1, IRF7, ISG15, MX1/2 and OAS1/3/L). Major upstream regulators from the IRDS genes were identified, and different IFN types regulating these genes were outlined. Functional interfaces of IRDS proteins with DNA/RNA/ATP/GTP/NADP biomolecules featured a well-defined pharmacophore model for STAT1/IRF7-dsDNA and OAS1/OAS3/IFIH1-dsRNA complexes, as well as for the genes binding to GDP or NADP+. The Lys amino acid was found commonly interacting with the ATP phosphate group from OAS1/EIF2AK2/IFIH1 genes. Considering the premise that targeting IRDS genes mediated resistance offers an efficient strategy to resensitize tumour cells and enhances the outcome of anti-cancer treatment, this review can add some novel insights to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monikaben Padariya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Alicja Sznarkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Sachin Kote
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Maria Gómez-Herranz
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Sara Mikac
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Magdalena Pilch
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Javier Alfaro
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Robin Fahraeus
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, F-75010 Paris, France
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Building 6M, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zlutykopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ted Hupp
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Umesh Kalathiya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.K.); (M.G.-H.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (J.A.); (R.F.); (T.H.)
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Pan Y, Gao J, Xu Y, Li X, Tian Z, Chen H, Wang Y. Downregulation of miR-218 by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus facilitates viral replication via inhibition of type I interferon responses. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100683. [PMID: 33887325 PMCID: PMC8131720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a devastating pathogen in the swine industry worldwide. miRNAs are reported to be involved in virus-host interaction. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing and miRNA inhibitors to screen possible miRNAs that can inhibit PRRSV infection on its target cell, porcine alveolar macrophages. We observed that miR-218 was downregulated upon virus infection, and knockdown of miR-218 significantly enhanced PRRSV replication. Overexpression of miR-218 resulted in a decrease in PRRSV replication, and this overexpression did not alter viral genomic RNA levels, but rather increased antiviral interferon signaling. Further analysis revealed that miR-218 regulated PRRSV replication by directly targeting porcine suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a JAK2 kinase inhibitor. Knockdown of the endogenous SOCS3 expression led to augmentation of type I interferon genes and resulted in decreased PRRSV replication, and vice versa. During PRRSV infection in vivo and in vitro, cellular miR-218 expression was downregulated and SOCS3 expression was upregulated, further supporting the inverse correlation between miR-218 and SOCS3 expression. The data on SOCS3 depletion in combination with miR-218 inhibition suggested that the antiviral activity of miR-218 required the SOCS3-mediated signaling pathway. Similarly, miR-218 negatively regulated PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells, as well as the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus in Vero and ST cells respectively. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PRRSV-induced miR-218 downregulation serves to inhibit the type I interferon response and may provide a novel therapeutic target for treatment of PRRSV and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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