201
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Xiao C, Zhang T, Zheng Y, Cosgrove DJ, Anderson CT. Xyloglucan Deficiency Disrupts Microtubule Stability and Cellulose Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Altering Cell Growth and Morphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:234-49. [PMID: 26527657 PMCID: PMC4704587 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan constitutes most of the hemicellulose in eudicot primary cell walls and functions in cell wall structure and mechanics. Although Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) xxt1 xxt2 mutants lacking detectable xyloglucan are viable, they display growth defects that are suggestive of alterations in wall integrity. To probe the mechanisms underlying these defects, we analyzed cellulose arrangement, microtubule patterning and dynamics, microtubule- and wall-integrity-related gene expression, and cellulose biosynthesis in xxt1 xxt2 plants. We found that cellulose is highly aligned in xxt1 xxt2 cell walls, that its three-dimensional distribution is altered, and that microtubule patterning and stability are aberrant in etiolated xxt1 xxt2 hypocotyls. We also found that the expression levels of microtubule-associated genes, such as MAP70-5 and CLASP, and receptor genes, such as HERK1 and WAK1, were changed in xxt1 xxt2 plants and that cellulose synthase motility is reduced in xxt1 xxt2 cells, corresponding with a reduction in cellulose content. Our results indicate that loss of xyloglucan affects both the stability of the microtubule cytoskeleton and the production and patterning of cellulose in primary cell walls. These findings establish, to our knowledge, new links between wall integrity, cytoskeletal dynamics, and wall synthesis in the regulation of plant morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Xiao
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Tian Zhang
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Yunzhen Zheng
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (C.X., T.Z., Y.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.) and Department of Biology (C.X., T.Z., D.J.C., C.T.A.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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202
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Jones DM, Murray CM, Ketelaar KJ, Thomas JJ, Villalobos JA, Wallace IS. The Emerging Role of Protein Phosphorylation as a Critical Regulatory Mechanism Controlling Cellulose Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:684. [PMID: 27252710 PMCID: PMC4877384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are extracellular matrices that surround plant cells and critically influence basic cellular processes, such as cell division and expansion. Cellulose is a major constituent of plant cell walls, and this paracrystalline polysaccharide is synthesized at the plasma membrane by a large protein complex known as the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). Recent efforts have identified numerous protein components of the CSC, but relatively little is known about regulation of cellulose biosynthesis. Numerous phosphoproteomic surveys have identified phosphorylation events in CSC associated proteins, suggesting that protein phosphorylation may represent an important regulatory control of CSC activity. In this review, we discuss the composition and dynamics of the CSC in vivo, the catalog of CSC phosphorylation sites that have been identified, the function of experimentally examined phosphorylation events, and potential kinases responsible for these phosphorylation events. Additionally, we discuss future directions in cellulose synthase kinase identification and functional analyses of CSC phosphorylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - Christian M. Murray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - KassaDee J. Ketelaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - Joseph J. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - Jose A. Villalobos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
| | - Ian S. Wallace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, RenoNV, USA
- *Correspondence: Ian S. Wallace,
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203
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Kumar M, Campbell L, Turner S. Secondary cell walls: biosynthesis and manipulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:515-31. [PMID: 26663392 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary cell walls (SCWs) are produced by specialized plant cell types, and are particularly important in those cells providing mechanical support or involved in water transport. As the main constituent of plant biomass, secondary cell walls are central to attempts to generate second-generation biofuels. Partly as a consequence of this renewed economic importance, excellent progress has been made in understanding how cell wall components are synthesized. SCWs are largely composed of three main polymers: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In this review, we will attempt to highlight the most recent progress in understanding the biosynthetic pathways for secondary cell wall components, how these pathways are regulated, and how this knowledge may be exploited to improve cell wall properties that facilitate breakdown without compromising plant growth and productivity. While knowledge of individual components in the pathway has improved dramatically, how they function together to make the final polymers and how these individual polymers are incorporated into the wall remain less well understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- University of Manchester, The Micheal Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Liam Campbell
- University of Manchester, The Micheal Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Turner
- University of Manchester, The Micheal Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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204
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Amore A, Ciesielski PN, Lin CY, Salvachúa D, Sànchez i Nogué V. Development of Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Technologies: Recent Advances and Current Challenges. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments of the biorefinery concept are described within this review, which focuses on the efforts required to make the lignocellulosic biorefinery a sustainable and economically viable reality. Despite the major research and development endeavours directed towards this goal over the past several decades, the integrated production of biofuel and other bio-based products still needs to be optimized from both technical and economical perspectives. This review will highlight recent progress towards the optimization of the major biorefinery processes, including biomass pretreatment and fractionation, saccharification of sugars, and conversion of sugars and lignin into fuels and chemical precursors. In addition, advances in genetic modification of biomass structure and composition for the purpose of enhancing the efficacy of conversion processes, which is emerging as a powerful tool for tailoring biomass fated for the biorefinery, will be overviewed. The continual improvement of these processes and their integration in the format of a modern biorefinery is paving the way for a sustainable bio-economy which will displace large portions of petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals with renewable substitutes.
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205
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Tang F, Wei H, Zhao S, Wang L, Zheng H, Lu M. Identification of microRNAs Involved in Regeneration of the Secondary Vascular System in Populus tomentosa Carr. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:724. [PMID: 27303419 PMCID: PMC4885845 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wood formation is a complex developmental process primarily controlled by a regulatory transcription network. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate the expression of target genes involved in plant growth and development by inducing mRNA degradation and translational repression. In this study, we used a model of secondary vascular system regeneration established in Populus tomentosa to harvest differentiating xylem tissues over time for high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs. Analysis of the sequencing data identified 209 known and 187 novel miRNAs during this regeneration process. Degradome sequencing analysis was then performed, revealing 157 and 75 genes targeted by 21 known and 30 novel miRNA families, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment of these target genes revealed that the targets of 15 miRNAs were enriched in the auxin signaling pathway, cell differentiation, meristem development, and pattern specification process. The major biological events during regeneration of the secondary vascular system included the sequential stages of vascular cambium initiation, formation, and differentiation stages in sequence. This study provides the basis for further analysis of these miRNAs to gain greater insight into their regulatory roles in wood development in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan of State Forestry Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and RattanBeijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- School of Forestry Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological UniversityHoughton, MI, USA
| | - Shutang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Mengzhu Lu
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206
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Tateno M, Brabham C, DeBolt S. Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors - a multifunctional toolbox. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:533-42. [PMID: 26590309 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the current review, we examine the growing number of existing Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors (CBIs) and based on those that have been studied with live cell imaging we group their mechanism of action. Attention is paid to the use of CBIs as tools to ask fundamental questions about cellulose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seth DeBolt
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, 309 Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA
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207
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Endler A, Schneider R, Kesten C, Lampugnani ER, Persson S. The cellulose synthase companion proteins act non-redundantly with CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTING1/POM2 and CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 6. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1135281. [PMID: 26829351 PMCID: PMC4883956 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1135281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a cell wall constituent that is essential for plant growth and development, and an important raw material for a range of industrial applications. Cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane by massive cellulose synthase (CesA) complexes that track along cortical microtubules in elongating cells of Arabidopsis through the activity of the protein CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTING1 (CSI1). In a recent study we identified another family of proteins that also are associated with the CesA complex and microtubules, and that we named COMPANIONS OF CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CC). The CC proteins protect the cellulose synthesising capacity of Arabidopsis seedlings during exposure to adverse environmental conditions by enhancing microtubule dynamics. In this paper we provide cell biology and genetic evidence that the CSI1 and the CC proteins fulfil distinct functions during cellulose synthesis. We also show that the CC proteins are necessary to aid cellulose synthesis when components of the CesA complex are impaired. These data indicate that the CC proteins have a broad role in aiding cellulose synthesis during environmental changes and when core complex components are non-functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Endler
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam, Germany
- Targenomix, Am Muehlenberg 11, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rene Schneider
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Kesten
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edwin R. Lampugnani
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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208
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Li S, Lei L, Yingling YG, Gu Y. Microtubules and cellulose biosynthesis: the emergence of new players. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 28:76-82. [PMID: 26476686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules determine the orientation of newly formed cellulose microfibrils in expanding cells. There are many hypotheses regarding how the information is transduced across the plasma membrane from microtubules to cellulose microfibrils. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the co-alignment between microtubules and cellulose microfibrils were not revealed until the recent discovery of cellulose synthase interacting (CSI) proteins. Characterization of CSIs and additional cellulose synthase-associated proteins will greatly advance the knowledge of how cellulose microfibrils are organized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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209
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Liu G, Zhang K, Ai J, Deng X, Hong Y, Wang X. Patatin-related phospholipase A, pPLAIIIα, modulates the longitudinal growth of vegetative tissues and seeds in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6945-55. [PMID: 26290597 PMCID: PMC4623698 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-related phospholipase A (pPLA) hydrolyses glycerolipids to produce fatty acids and lysoglycerolipids. The Oryza sativa genome has 21 putative pPLAs that are grouped into five subfamilies. Overexpression of OspPLAIIIα resulted in a dwarf phenotype with decreased length of rice stems, roots, leaves, seeds, panicles, and seeds, whereas OspPLAIIIα-knockout plants had longer panicles and seeds. OspPLAIIIα-overexpressing plants were less sensitive than wild-type and knockout plants to gibberellin-promoted seedling elongation. OspPLAIIIα overexpression and knockout had an opposite effect on the expression of the growth repressor SLENDER1 in the gibberellin signalling process. OspPLAIIIα-overexpressing plants had decreased mechanical strength and cellulose content, but exhibited increases in the expression of several cellulose synthase genes. These results indicate that OspPLAIIIα plays a role in rice vegetative and reproductive growth and that the constitutive, high activity of OspPLAIIIα suppresses cell elongation. The decreased gibberellin response in overexpressing plants is probably a result of the decreased ability to make cellulose for anisotropic cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Ai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianjun Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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210
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Biotechnological aspects of cytoskeletal regulation in plants. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1043-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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211
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Watanabe Y, Meents MJ, McDonnell LM, Barkwill S, Sampathkumar A, Cartwright HN, Demura T, Ehrhardt DW, Samuels AL, Mansfield SD. Visualization of cellulose synthases in Arabidopsis secondary cell walls. Science 2015; 350:198-203. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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212
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OCTOPUS Negatively Regulates BIN2 to Control Phloem Differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2584-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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213
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A Mechanism for Sustained Cellulose Synthesis during Salt Stress. Cell 2015; 162:1353-64. [PMID: 26343580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress, such as salinity, drought, and cold, causes detrimental yield losses for all major plant crop species. Understanding mechanisms that improve plants' ability to produce biomass, which largely is constituted by the plant cell wall, is therefore of upmost importance for agricultural activities. Cellulose is a principal component of the cell wall and is synthesized by microtubule-guided cellulose synthase enzymes at the plasma membrane. Here, we identified two components of the cellulose synthase complex, which we call companion of cellulose synthase (CC) proteins. The cytoplasmic tails of these membrane proteins bind to microtubules and promote microtubule dynamics. This activity supports microtubule organization, cellulose synthase localization at the plasma membrane, and renders seedlings less sensitive to stress. Our findings offer a mechanistic model for how two molecular components, the CC proteins, sustain microtubule organization and cellulose synthase localization and thus aid plant biomass production during salt stress. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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214
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Pysh LD. Two alleles of the AtCesA3 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana display intragenic complementation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:1434-41. [PMID: 26391708 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Cellulose is the most abundant biomolecule on the planet, yet the mechanism by which it is synthesized by higher plants remains largely unknown. In Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, synthesis of cellulose in the primary cell wall requires three different cellulose synthase genes (AtCesA1, AtCesA3, and AtCesA6-related genes [AtCesA2, AtCesA5, and AtCesA6]). The multiple response expansion1 (mre1) mutant contains a hypomorphic AtCesA3 allele that results in significantly shorter, expanded roots. Crosses between mre1 and another allele of AtCesA3 (constitutive expression of VSP1, cev1) yielded an F1 with roots considerably longer and thinner than either parent, suggesting intragenic complementation. The F2 generation resulting from self-crossing these F1 showed three different root phenotypes: roots like mre1, roots like cev1, and roots like the F1. METHODS The segregation patterns of the three root phenotypes in multiple F2 and F3 generations were determined. Multiple characteristics of the roots and shoots were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively at different developmental stages, both on plates and on soil. KEY RESULTS The trans-heterozygous plants differed significantly from the parental mre1 and cev1 lines. CONCLUSIONS The two alleles display intragenic complementation. A classic genetic interpretation of these results would suggest that cellulose synthesis requires homo-multimerization of cellulose synthase monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard D Pysh
- Roanoke College, Department of Biology, 221 College Lane, Salem, Virginia 24153 USA
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215
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Petti C, Hirano K, Stork J, DeBolt S. Mapping of a Cellulose-Deficient Mutant Named dwarf1-1 in Sorghum bicolor to the Green Revolution Gene gibberellin20-oxidase Reveals a Positive Regulatory Association between Gibberellin and Cellulose Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169. [PMID: 26198258 PMCID: PMC4577427 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we show a mechanism for expansion regulation through mutations in the green revolution gene gibberellin20 (GA20)-oxidase and show that GAs control biosynthesis of the plants main structural polymer cellulose. Within a 12,000 mutagenized Sorghum bicolor plant population, we identified a single cellulose-deficient and male gametophyte-dysfunctional mutant named dwarf1-1 (dwf1-1). Through the Sorghum propinquum male/dwf1-1 female F2 population, we mapped dwf1-1 to a frameshift in GA20-oxidase. Assessment of GAs in dwf1-1 revealed ablation of GA. GA ablation was antagonistic to the expression of three specific cellulose synthase genes resulting in cellulose deficiency and growth dwarfism, which were complemented by exogenous bioactive gibberellic acid application. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that GA was positively regulating the expression of a subset of specific cellulose synthase genes. To cross reference data from our mapped Sorghum sp. allele with another monocotyledonous plant, a series of rice (Oryza sativa) mutants involved in GA biosynthesis and signaling were isolated, and these too displayed cellulose deficit. Taken together, data support a model whereby suppressed expansion in green revolution GA genes involves regulation of cellulose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carloalberto Petti
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (C.P., J.S., S.D.); andBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Ko Hirano
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (C.P., J.S., S.D.); andBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Jozsef Stork
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (C.P., J.S., S.D.); andBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Seth DeBolt
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (C.P., J.S., S.D.); andBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (K.H.)
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216
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Luo Y, Scholl S, Doering A, Zhang Y, Irani NG, Rubbo SD, Neumetzler L, Krishnamoorthy P, Van Houtte I, Mylle E, Bischoff V, Vernhettes S, Winne J, Friml J, Stierhof YD, Schumacher K, Persson S, Russinova E. V-ATPase activity in the TGN/EE is required for exocytosis and recycling in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15094. [PMID: 27250258 PMCID: PMC4905525 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity acidifies both the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) and the vacuole. This dual V-ATPase function has impeded our understanding of how the pH homeostasis within the plant TGN/EE controls exo- and endocytosis. Here, we show that the weak V-ATPase mutant deetiolated3 (det3) displayed a pH increase in the TGN/EE, but not in the vacuole, strongly impairing secretion and recycling of the brassinosteroid receptor and the cellulose synthase complexes to the plasma membrane, in contrast to mutants lacking tonoplast-localized V-ATPase activity only. The brassinosteroid insensitivity and the cellulose deficiency defects in det3 were tightly correlated with reduced Golgi and TGN/EE motility. Thus, our results provide strong evidence that acidification of the TGN/EE, but not of the vacuole, is indispensable for functional secretion and recycling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Scholl
- Developmental Biology of Plants, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anett Doering
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yi Zhang
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Niloufer G. Irani
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Simone Di Rubbo
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lutz Neumetzler
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Van Houtte
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Volker Bischoff
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78000 Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech,Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78000 Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech,Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Johan Winne
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - York-Dieter Stierhof
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Developmental Biology of Plants, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- , , and
| | - Staffan Persson
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- , , and
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- , , and
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217
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Drakakaki G. Polysaccharide deposition during cytokinesis: Challenges and future perspectives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:177-84. [PMID: 26025531 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
De novo formation of a new cell wall partitions the cytoplasm of the dividing cell during plant cytokinesis. The development of the cell plate, a transient sheet-like structure, requires the accumulation of vesicles directed by the phragmoplast to the cell plate assembly matrix. Fusion and fission of the accumulated vesicles are accompanied by the deposition of polysaccharides and cell wall structural proteins; together, they are leading to the stabilization of the formed structure which after insertion into the parental wall lead to the maturation of the nascent cross wall. Callose is the most abundant polysaccharide during cell plate formation and during maturation is gradually replaced by cellulose. Matrix polysaccharides such as hemicellulose, and pectins presumably are present throughout all developmental stages, being delivered to the cell plate by secretory vesicles. The availability of novel chemical probes such as endosidin 7, which inhibits callose formation at the cell plate, has proved useful for dissecting the temporal accumulation of vesicles at the cell plate and establishing the critical role of callose during cytokinesis. The use of emerging approaches such as chemical genomics combined with live cell imaging; novel techniques of polysaccharide detection including tagged polysaccharide substrates, newly characterized polysaccharide antibodies and vesicle proteomics can be used to develop a comprehensive model of cell plate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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218
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In vitro synthesis of cellulose microfibrils by a membrane protein from protoplasts of the non-vascular plant Physcomitrella patens. Biochem J 2015; 470:195-205. [PMID: 26348908 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant cellulose synthases (CesAs) form a family of membrane proteins that are associated with hexagonal structures in the plasma membrane called CesA complexes (CSCs). It has been difficult to purify plant CesA proteins for biochemical and structural studies. We describe CesA activity in a membrane protein preparation isolated from protoplasts of Physcomitrella patens overexpressing haemagglutinin (HA)-tagged PpCesA5. Incubating the membrane preparation with UDP-glucose predominantly produced cellulose. Negative-stain EM revealed microfibrils. Cellulase bound to and degraded these microfibrils. Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopic analysis detected the presence of crystalline cellulose in the microfibrils. Putative CesA proteins were frequently observed attached to the microfibril ends. Combined cross-linking and gradient centrifugation showed bundles of cellulose microfibrils with larger particle aggregates, possibly CSCs. These results suggest that P. patens is a useful model system for biochemical and structural characterization of plant CSCs and their components.
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219
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Farrán A, Cai C, Sandoval M, Xu Y, Liu J, Hernáiz MJ, Linhardt RJ. Green solvents in carbohydrate chemistry: from raw materials to fine chemicals. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6811-53. [PMID: 26121409 DOI: 10.1021/cr500719h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Farrán
- †Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Paseo Senda del Rey 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chao Cai
- ‡Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Manuel Sandoval
- §Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional of Costa Rica, Post Office Box 86, 3000 Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Yongmei Xu
- ∥Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- ∥Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - María J Hernáiz
- ▽Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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220
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Griffiths JS, Šola K, Kushwaha R, Lam P, Tateno M, Young R, Voiniciuc C, Dean G, Mansfield SD, DeBolt S, Haughn GW. Unidirectional movement of cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells deposit cellulose involved in mucilage extrusion, adherence, and ray formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:502-20. [PMID: 25926481 PMCID: PMC4453796 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose synthase5 (CESA5) synthesizes cellulose necessary for seed mucilage adherence to seed coat epidermal cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The involvement of additional CESA proteins in this process and details concerning the manner in which cellulose is deposited in the mucilage pocket are unknown. Here, we show that both CESA3 and CESA10 are highly expressed in this cell type at the time of mucilage synthesis and localize to the plasma membrane adjacent to the mucilage pocket. The isoxaben resistant1-1 and isoxaben resistant1-2 mutants affecting CESA3 show defects consistent with altered mucilage cellulose biosynthesis. CESA3 can interact with CESA5 in vitro, and green fluorescent protein-tagged CESA5, CESA3, and CESA10 proteins move in a linear, unidirectional fashion around the cytoplasmic column of the cell, parallel with the surface of the seed, in a pattern similar to that of cortical microtubules. Consistent with this movement, cytological evidence suggests that the mucilage is coiled around the columella and unwinds during mucilage extrusion to form a linear ray. Mutations in CESA5 and CESA3 affect the speed of mucilage extrusion and mucilage adherence. These findings imply that cellulose fibrils are synthesized in an ordered helical array around the columella, providing a distinct structure to the mucilage that is important for both mucilage extrusion and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Griffiths
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Krešimir Šola
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Rekha Kushwaha
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Patricia Lam
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Mizuki Tateno
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Robin Young
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Gillian Dean
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Seth DeBolt
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
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221
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Bensussan M, Lefebvre V, Ducamp A, Trouverie J, Gineau E, Fortabat MN, Guillebaux A, Baldy A, Naquin D, Herbette S, Lapierre C, Mouille G, Horlow C, Durand-Tardif M. Suppression of Dwarf and irregular xylem Phenotypes Generates Low-Acetylated Biomass Lines in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:452-63. [PMID: 25888614 PMCID: PMC4453781 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
eskimo1-5 (esk1-5) is a dwarf Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant that has a constitutive drought syndrome and collapsed xylem vessels, along with low acetylation levels in xylan and mannan. ESK1 has xylan O-acetyltransferase activity in vitro. We used a suppressor strategy on esk1-5 to screen for variants with wild-type growth and low acetylation levels, a favorable combination for ethanol production. We found a recessive mutation in the KAKTUS (KAK) gene that suppressed dwarfism and the collapsed xylem character, the cause of decreased hydraulic conductivity in the esk1-5 mutant. Backcrosses between esk1-5 and two independent knockout kak mutants confirmed suppression of the esk1-5 effect. kak single mutants showed larger stem diameters than the wild type. The KAK promoter fused with a reporter gene showed activity in the vascular cambium, phloem, and primary xylem in the stem and hypocotyl. However, suppression of the collapsed xylem phenotype in esk1 kak double mutants was not associated with the recovery of cell wall O-acetylation or any major cell wall modifications. Therefore, our results indicate that, in addition to its described activity as a repressor of endoreduplication, KAK may play a role in vascular development. Furthermore, orthologous esk1 kak double mutants may hold promise for ethanol production in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Bensussan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Aloïse Ducamp
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Jacques Trouverie
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Emilie Gineau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Marie-Noëlle Fortabat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Alexia Guillebaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Aurélie Baldy
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Delphine Naquin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Stéphane Herbette
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Gregory Mouille
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Christine Horlow
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
| | - Mylène Durand-Tardif
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France (M.B., V.L., A.D., J.T., E.G., M.-N.F., A.G., A.B., C.L., G.M., C.H., M.D.-T.);Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 3404, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3115, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (D.N.); andClermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.H.)
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Kumar M, Turner S. Plant cellulose synthesis: CESA proteins crossing kingdoms. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:91-9. [PMID: 25104231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a biopolymer of considerable economic importance. It is synthesised by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) in species ranging from bacteria to higher plants. Enormous progress in our understanding of bacterial cellulose synthesis has come with the recent publication of both the crystal structure and biochemical characterisation of a purified complex able to synthesis cellulose in vitro. A model structure of a plant CESA protein suggests considerable similarity between the bacterial and plant cellulose synthesis. In this review article we will cover current knowledge of how plant CESA proteins synthesise cellulose. In particular the focus will be on the lessons learned from the recent work on the catalytic mechanism and the implications that new data on cellulose structure has for the assembly of CESA proteins into the large complex that synthesis plant cellulose microfibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Science, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Turner
- University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Science, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Hoedemaekers K, Derksen J, Hoogstrate SW, Wolters-Arts M, Oh SA, Twell D, Mariani C, Rieu I. BURSTING POLLEN is required to organize the pollen germination plaque and pollen tube tip in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:255-267. [PMID: 25442716 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pollen germination may occur via the so-called germination pores or directly through the pollen wall at the site of contact with the stigma. In this study, we addressed what processes take place during pollen hydration (i.e. before tube emergence), in a species with extra-poral pollen germination, Arabidopsis thaliana. A T-DNA mutant population was screened by segregation distortion analysis. Histological and electron microscopy techniques were applied to examine the wild-type and mutant phenotypes. Within 1 h of the start of pollen hydration, an intine-like structure consisting of cellulose, callose and at least partly de-esterified pectin was formed at the pollen wall. Subsequently, this 'germination plaque' gradually extended and opened up to provide passage for the cytoplasm into the emerging pollen tube. BURSTING POLLEN (BUP) was identified as a gene essential for the correct organization of this plaque and the tip of the pollen tube. BUP encodes a novel Golgi-located glycosyltransferase related to the glycosyltransferase 4 (GT4) subfamily which is conserved throughout the plant kingdom. Extra-poral pollen germination involves the development of a germination plaque and BUP defines the correct plastic-elastic properties of this plaque and the pollen tube tip by affecting pectin synthesis or delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoedemaekers
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Derksen
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne W Hoogstrate
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke Wolters-Arts
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sung-Aeong Oh
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - David Twell
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Celestina Mariani
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo Rieu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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224
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Grison MS, Brocard L, Fouillen L, Nicolas W, Wewer V, Dörmann P, Nacir H, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Claverol S, Germain V, Boutté Y, Mongrand S, Bayer EM. Specific membrane lipid composition is important for plasmodesmata function in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1228-50. [PMID: 25818623 PMCID: PMC4558693 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.135731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) are nano-sized membrane-lined channels controlling intercellular communication in plants. Although progress has been made in identifying PD proteins, the role played by major membrane constituents, such as the lipids, in defining specialized membrane domains in PD remains unknown. Through a rigorous isolation of "native" PD membrane fractions and comparative mass spectrometry-based analysis, we demonstrate that lipids are laterally segregated along the plasma membrane (PM) at the PD cell-to-cell junction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Remarkably, our results show that PD membranes display enrichment in sterols and sphingolipids with very long chain saturated fatty acids when compared with the bulk of the PM. Intriguingly, this lipid profile is reminiscent of detergent-insoluble membrane microdomains, although our approach is valuably detergent-free. Modulation of the overall sterol composition of young dividing cells reversibly impaired the PD localization of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins Plasmodesmata Callose Binding 1 and the β-1,3-glucanase PdBG2 and altered callose-mediated PD permeability. Altogether, this study not only provides a comprehensive analysis of the lipid constituents of PD but also identifies a role for sterols in modulating cell-to-cell connectivity, possibly by establishing and maintaining the positional specificity of callose-modifying glycosylphosphatidylinositol proteins at PD. Our work emphasizes the importance of lipids in defining PD membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali S Grison
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Plant Imaging Platform, Bordeaux Imaging Centre, INRA, 33883 Villenave-d'Ornon Cedex, France University of Bordeaux/CNRS/UMS3420 and University of Bordeaux/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/US004, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France Functional Genomic Centre, Métabolome/Lipidome Platform, INRA-CNRS-University of Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave-d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - William Nicolas
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vera Wewer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Houda Nacir
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Functional Genomic Centre, Métabolome/Lipidome Platform, INRA-CNRS-University of Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave-d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuelle M Bayer
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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Ben-Tov D, Abraham Y, Stav S, Thompson K, Loraine A, Elbaum R, de Souza A, Pauly M, Kieber JJ, Harpaz-Saad S. COBRA-LIKE2, a member of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored COBRA-LIKE family, plays a role in cellulose deposition in arabidopsis seed coat mucilage secretory cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:711-24. [PMID: 25583925 PMCID: PMC4347734 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.240671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of the maternally derived seed coat epidermal cells into mucilage secretory cells is a common adaptation in angiosperms. Recent studies identified cellulose as an important component of seed mucilage in various species. Cellulose is deposited as a set of rays that radiate from the seed upon mucilage extrusion, serving to anchor the pectic component of seed mucilage to the seed surface. Using transcriptome data encompassing the course of seed development, we identified COBRA-LIKE2 (COBL2), a member of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored COBRA-LIKE gene family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as coexpressed with other genes involved in cellulose deposition in mucilage secretory cells. Disruption of the COBL2 gene results in substantial reduction in the rays of cellulose present in seed mucilage, along with an increased solubility of the pectic component of the mucilage. Light birefringence demonstrates a substantial decrease in crystalline cellulose deposition into the cellulosic rays of the cobl2 mutants. Moreover, crystalline cellulose deposition into the radial cell walls and the columella appears substantially compromised, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and in situ quantification of light birefringence. Overall, the cobl2 mutants display about 40% reduction in whole-seed crystalline cellulose content compared with the wild type. These data establish that COBL2 plays a role in the deposition of crystalline cellulose into various secondary cell wall structures during seed coat epidermal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ben-Tov
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Yael Abraham
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Shira Stav
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Kevin Thompson
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Ann Loraine
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Rivka Elbaum
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Amancio de Souza
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Markus Pauly
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Smadar Harpaz-Saad
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
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226
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Tan HT, Shirley NJ, Singh RR, Henderson M, Dhugga KS, Mayo GM, Fincher GB, Burton RA. Powerful regulatory systems and post-transcriptional gene silencing resist increases in cellulose content in cell walls of barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:62. [PMID: 25850007 PMCID: PMC4349714 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to increase cellulose content and improve the stem strength of cereals could have beneficial applications in stem lodging and producing crops with higher cellulose content for biofuel feedstocks. Here, such potential is explored in the commercially important crop barley through the manipulation of cellulose synthase genes (CesA). RESULTS Barley plants transformed with primary cell wall (PCW) and secondary cell wall (SCW) barley cellulose synthase (HvCesA) cDNAs driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, were analysed for growth and morphology, transcript levels, cellulose content, stem strength, tissue morphology and crystalline cellulose distribution. Transcript levels of the PCW HvCesA transgenes were much lower than expected and silencing of both the endogenous CesA genes and introduced transgenes was often observed. These plants showed no aberrant phenotypes. Although attempts to over-express the SCW HvCesA genes also resulted in silencing of the transgenes and endogenous SCW HvCesA genes, aberrant phenotypes were sometimes observed. These included brittle nodes and, with the 35S:HvCesA4 construct, a more severe dwarfing phenotype, where xylem cells were irregular in shape and partially collapsed. Reductions in cellulose content were also observed in the dwarf plants and transmission electron microscopy showed a significant decrease in cell wall thickness. However, there were no increases in overall crystalline cellulose content or stem strength in the CesA over-expression transgenic plants, despite the use of a powerful constitutive promoter. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the cellulose biosynthetic pathway is tightly regulated, that individual CesA proteins may play different roles in the synthase complex, and that the sensitivity to CesA gene manipulation observed here suggests that in planta engineering of cellulose levels is likely to require more sophisticated strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Ting Tan
- />ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Neil J Shirley
- />ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Rohan R Singh
- />ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Marilyn Henderson
- />ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Kanwarpal S Dhugga
- />DuPont Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA 50131-1004 USA
| | - Gwenda M Mayo
- />Adelaide Microscopy Waite Facility, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Geoffrey B Fincher
- />ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- />ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
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227
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Worden N, Wilkop TE, Esteve VE, Jeannotte R, Lathe R, Vernhettes S, Weimer B, Hicks G, Alonso J, Labavitch J, Persson S, Ehrhardt D, Drakakaki G. CESA TRAFFICKING INHIBITOR inhibits cellulose deposition and interferes with the trafficking of cellulose synthase complexes and their associated proteins KORRIGAN1 and POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE PROTEIN1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:381-93. [PMID: 25535279 PMCID: PMC4326758 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.249003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) at the plasma membrane (PM) are aligned with cortical microtubules (MTs) and direct the biosynthesis of cellulose. The mechanism of the interaction between CSCs and MTs, and the cellular determinants that control the delivery of CSCs at the PM, are not yet well understood. We identified a unique small molecule, CESA TRAFFICKING INHIBITOR (CESTRIN), which reduces cellulose content and alters the anisotropic growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls. We monitored the distribution and mobility of fluorescently labeled cellulose synthases (CESAs) in live Arabidopsis cells under chemical exposure to characterize their subcellular effects. CESTRIN reduces the velocity of PM CSCs and causes their accumulation in the cell cortex. The CSC-associated proteins KORRIGAN1 (KOR1) and POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE PROTEIN1 (CSI1) were differentially affected by CESTRIN treatment, indicating different forms of association with the PM CSCs. KOR1 accumulated in bodies similar to CESA; however, POM2/CSI1 dissociated into the cytoplasm. In addition, MT stability was altered without direct inhibition of MT polymerization, suggesting a feedback mechanism caused by cellulose interference. The selectivity of CESTRIN was assessed using a variety of subcellular markers for which no morphological effect was observed. The association of CESAs with vesicles decorated by the trans-Golgi network-localized protein SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS61 (SYP61) was increased under CESTRIN treatment, implicating SYP61 compartments in CESA trafficking. The properties of CESTRIN compared with known CESA inhibitors afford unique avenues to study and understand the mechanism under which PM-associated CSCs are maintained and interact with MTs and to dissect their trafficking routes in etiolated hypocotyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Worden
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Thomas E Wilkop
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Victor Esteva Esteve
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Richard Jeannotte
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Rahul Lathe
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Bart Weimer
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Glenn Hicks
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Jose Alonso
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - John Labavitch
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Staffan Persson
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - David Ehrhardt
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Departments of Plant Sciences (N.W., T.E.W., V.E.E., J.L., G.D.) and Veterinary Medicine (R.J., B.W.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Campus, 14476 Golm, Germany (R.L., S.P.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France (S.V.);Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (G.H.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.A.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia (S.P.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (D.E.)
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Fujimoto M, Suda Y, Vernhettes S, Nakano A, Ueda T. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and 4-kinase have distinct roles in intracellular trafficking of cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:287-98. [PMID: 25516570 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall plays a crucial role in various plant functions such as cell growth, organ formation and defense responses. Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) embedded in the plasma membrane (PM), which comprise the cellulose synthases (CESAs). The abundance and localization of CSCs at the PM should be strictly controlled for precise regulation of cellulose deposition, which strongly depends on the membrane trafficking system. However, the mechanism of the intracellular transport of CSCs is still poorly understood. In this study, we explored requirements for phosphoinositides (PIs) in CESA trafficking by analyzing the effects of inhibitors of PI synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged CESA3 (GFP-CESA3). We found that a shift to a sucrose-free condition accelerated re-localization of PM-localized GFP-CESA3 into the periphery of the Golgi apparatus via the clathrin-enriched trans-Golgi network (TGN). Treatment with wortmannin (Wm), an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3- (PI3K) and 4- (PI4K) kinases, and phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a more specific inhibitor for PI4K, inhibited internalization of GFP-CESA3 from the PM. In contrast, treatment with LY294002, which impairs the PI3K activity, did not exert such an inhibitory effect on the sequestration of GFP-CESA3, but caused a predominant accumulation of GFP-CESA3 at the ring-shaped periphery of the Golgi apparatus, resulting in the removal of GFP-CESA3 from the PM. These results indicate that PIs are essential elements for localization and intracellular transport of CESA3 and that PI4K and PI3K are required for distinct steps in secretory and/or endocytic trafficking of CESA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Present address: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suda
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, Extreme Photonics Research Group, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan Present address: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, Extreme Photonics Research Group, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
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229
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Sampathkumar A, Wightman R. Live cell imaging of the cytoskeleton and cell wall enzymes in plant cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1242:133-141. [PMID: 25408450 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1902-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of live imaging techniques to visualize the dynamic changes and interactions within plant cells has given us detailed information on the function and organization of the cytoskeleton and cell wall associated proteins. This information has grown with the constant improvement in imaging hardware and molecular tools. In this chapter, we describe the procedure for the preparation and live visualization of fluorescent protein fusions associated with the cytoskeleton and the cell wall in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sampathkumar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA,
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Cao X, Wu Z, Jiang F, Zhou R, Yang Z. Identification of chilling stress-responsive tomato microRNAs and their target genes by high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1130. [PMID: 25519760 PMCID: PMC4377850 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding small RNAs (sRNAs) that are 20-24 nucleotides (nt) in length. Extensive studies have indicated that miRNAs play versatile roles in plants, functioning in processes such as growth, development and stress responses. Chilling is a common abiotic stress that seriously affects plants growth and development. Recently, chilling-responsive miRNAs have been detected in several plant species. However, little is known about the miRNAs in the model plant tomato. 'LA1777' (Solanum habrochaites) has been shown to survive chilling stress due to its various characteristics. RESULTS Here, two small RNA libraries and two degradome libraries were produced from chilling-treated (CT) and non-chilling-treated (NT) leaves of S. habrochaites seedlings. Following high-throughput sequencing and filtering, 161 conserved and 236 novel miRNAs were identified in the two libraries. Of these miRNAs, 192 increased in the response to chilling stress while 205 decreased. Furthermore, the target genes of the miRNAs were predicted using a degradome sequencing approach. It was found that 62 target genes were cleaved by 42 conserved miRNAs, while nine target genes were cleaved by nine novel miRNAs. Additionally, nine miRNAs and six target genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Target gene functional analysis showed that most target genes played positive roles in the chilling response, primarily by regulating the expression of anti-stress proteins, antioxidant enzyme and genes involved in cell wall formation. CONCLUSIONS Tomato is an important model plant for basic biological research. In this study, numerous conserved and novel miRNAs involved in the chilling response were identified using high-throughput sequencing, and the target genes were analyzed by degradome sequencing. The work helps identify chilling-responsive miRNAs in tomato and increases the number of identified miRNAs involved in chilling stress. Furthermore, the work provides a foundation for further study of the regulation of miRNAs in the plant response to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 P.R. China
| | - Fangling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 P.R. China
| | - Zeen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 P.R. China
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232
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Xu B, Tian J, Du Q, Gong C, Pan W, Zhang D. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in a cellulose synthase gene (PtoCesA3) are associated with growth and wood properties in Populus tomentosa. PLANTA 2014; 240:1269-86. [PMID: 25143249 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the composition and organization of the cell wall determine cell shape, enable cell expansion, and affect the properties of woody tissues. Cellulose synthase (CesA) genes encode the enzymes involved in the synthesis of cellulose which is the major component of plant primary and secondary cell walls. Here, we isolated a full-length PtoCesA3 cDNA from the stem cambium tissue of Populus tomentosa. Tissue-specific expression profiling showed that PtoCesA3 is highly expressed during primary cell wall formation. Estimation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity and linkage disequilibrium (LD) revealed that PtoCesA3 harbors high SNP diversity (π(T) = 0.00995 and θ(w) = 0.0102) and low LD (r(2) ≥ 0.1, within 1,280 bp). Association analysis in a P. tomentosa association population (460 individuals) showed that seven SNPs (false discovery rate Q < 0.10) and five haplotypes (Q < 0.10) were significantly associated with growth and wood properties, explaining 4.09-7.02% of the phenotypic variance. All significant marker-trait associations were validated in at least one of the three smaller subsets (climatic regions) while five associations were repeated in the linkage population. Variation in RNA transcript abundance among genotypic classes of significant loci was also confirmed in the association or linkage populations. Identification of PtoCesA3 and examining its allelic polymorphisms using association studies open an avenue to understand the mechanism of cellulose synthesis in the primary cell wall and its effects on the properties of woody tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Gonneau M, Desprez T, Guillot A, Vernhettes S, Höfte H. Catalytic subunit stoichiometry within the cellulose synthase complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1709-12. [PMID: 25352273 PMCID: PMC4256875 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose synthesis is driven by large plasma membrane-inserted protein complexes, which in plants have 6-fold symmetry. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), functional cellulose synthesis complexes (CSCs) are composed of at least three different cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CESAs), but the actual ratio of the CESA isoforms within the CSCs remains unresolved. In this work, the stoichiometry of the CESAs in the primary cell wall CSC was determined, after elimination of CESA redundancy in a mutant background, by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry using label-free quantitative methods. Based on spectral counting, we show that CESA1, CESA3, and CESA6 are present in a 1:1:1 molecular ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Gonneau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
| | - Thierry Desprez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
| | - Alain Guillot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
| | - Herman Höfte
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
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234
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Hill JL, Hammudi MB, Tien M. The Arabidopsis cellulose synthase complex: a proposed hexamer of CESA trimers in an equimolar stoichiometry. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4834-42. [PMID: 25490917 PMCID: PMC4311198 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.131193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant renewable polymer on Earth and a major component of the plant cell wall. In vascular plants, cellulose synthesis is catalyzed by a large, plasma membrane-localized cellulose synthase complex (CSC), visualized as a hexameric rosette structure. Three unique cellulose synthase (CESA) isoforms are required for CSC assembly and function. However, elucidation of either the number or stoichiometry of CESAs within the CSC has remained elusive. In this study, we show a 1:1:1 stoichiometry between the three Arabidopsis thaliana secondary cell wall isozymes: CESA4, CESA7, and CESA8. This ratio was determined utilizing a simple but elegant method of quantitative immunoblotting using isoform-specific antibodies and (35)S-labeled protein standards for each CESA. Additionally, the observed equimolar stoichiometry was found to be fixed along the axis of the stem, which represents a developmental gradient. Our results complement recent spectroscopic analyses pointing toward an 18-chain cellulose microfibril. Taken together, we propose that the CSC is composed of a hexamer of catalytically active CESA trimers, with each CESA in equimolar amounts. This finding is a crucial advance in understanding how CESAs integrate to form higher order complexes, which is a key determinate of cellulose microfibril and cell wall properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Mustafa B Hammudi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Ming Tien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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235
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Slabaugh E, Sethaphong L, Xiao C, Amick J, Anderson CT, Haigler CH, Yingling YG. Computational and genetic evidence that different structural conformations of a non-catalytic region affect the function of plant cellulose synthase. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6645-53. [PMID: 25262226 PMCID: PMC4246192 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The β-1,4-glucan chains comprising cellulose are synthesized by cellulose synthases in the plasma membranes of diverse organisms including bacteria and plants. Understanding structure-function relationships in the plant enzymes involved in cellulose synthesis (CESAs) is important because cellulose is the most abundant component in the plant cell wall, a key renewable biomaterial. Here, we explored the structure and function of the region encompassing transmembrane helices (TMHs) 5 and 6 in CESA using computational and genetic tools. Ab initio computational structure prediction revealed novel bi-modal structural conformations of the region between TMH5 and 6 that may affect CESA function. Here we present our computational findings on this region in three CESAs of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCESA1, 3, and 6), the Atcesa3(ixr1-2) mutant, and a novel missense mutation in AtCESA1. A newly engineered point mutation in AtCESA1 (Atcesa1(F954L) ) that altered the structural conformation in silico resulted in a protein that was not fully functional in the temperature-sensitive Atcesa1(rsw1-1) mutant at the restrictive temperature. The combination of computational and genetic results provides evidence that the ability of the TMH5-6 region to adopt specific structural conformations is important for CESA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Slabaugh
- Department of Crop Science and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Latsavongsakda Sethaphong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Department of Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Joshua Amick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Candace H Haigler
- Department of Crop Science and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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KORRIGAN1 interacts specifically with integral components of the cellulose synthase machinery. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112387. [PMID: 25383767 PMCID: PMC4226561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is synthesized by the so called rosette protein complex and the catalytic subunits of this complex are the cellulose synthases (CESAs). It is thought that the rosette complexes in the primary and secondary cell walls each contains at least three different non-redundant cellulose synthases. In addition to the CESA proteins, cellulose biosynthesis almost certainly requires the action of other proteins, although few have been identified and little is known about the biochemical role of those that have been identified. One of these proteins is KORRIGAN (KOR1). Mutant analysis of this protein in Arabidopsis thaliana showed altered cellulose content in both the primary and secondary cell wall. KOR1 is thought to be required for cellulose synthesis acting as a cellulase at the plasma membrane–cell wall interface. KOR1 has recently been shown to interact with the primary cellulose synthase rosette complex however direct interaction with that of the secondary cell wall has never been demonstrated. Using various methods, both in vitro and in planta, it was shown that KOR1 interacts specifically with only two of the secondary CESA proteins. The KOR1 protein domain(s) involved in the interaction with the CESA proteins were also identified by analyzing the interaction of truncated forms of KOR1 with CESA proteins. The KOR1 transmembrane domain has shown to be required for the interaction between KOR1 and the different CESAs, as well as for higher oligomer formation of KOR1.
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237
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Park SJ, Jiang K, Tal L, Yichie Y, Gar O, Zamir D, Eshed Y, Lippman ZB. Optimization of crop productivity in tomato using induced mutations in the florigen pathway. Nat Genet 2014; 46:1337-42. [PMID: 25362485 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring genetic variation in the universal florigen flowering pathway has produced major advancements in crop domestication. However, variants that can maximize crop yields may not exist in natural populations. Here we show that tomato productivity can be fine-tuned and optimized by exploiting combinations of selected mutations in multiple florigen pathway components. By screening for chemically induced mutations that suppress the bushy, determinate growth habit of field tomatoes, we isolated a new weak allele of the florigen gene SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) and two mutations affecting a bZIP transcription factor component of the 'florigen activation complex' (ref. 11). By combining heterozygous mutations, we pinpointed an optimal balance of flowering signals, resulting in a new partially determinate architecture that translated to maximum yields. We propose that harnessing mutations in the florigen pathway to customize plant architecture and flower production offers a broad toolkit to boost crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ju Park
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Ke Jiang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Lior Tal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Yichie
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oron Gar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dani Zamir
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuval Eshed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Brabham C, Lei L, Gu Y, Stork J, Barrett M, DeBolt S. Indaziflam herbicidal action: a potent cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1177-85. [PMID: 25077797 PMCID: PMC4226351 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose biosynthesis is a common feature of land plants. Therefore, cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) have a potentially broad-acting herbicidal mode of action and are also useful tools in decoding fundamental aspects of cellulose biosynthesis. Here, we characterize the herbicide indaziflam as a CBI and provide insight into its inhibitory mechanism. Indaziflam-treated seedlings exhibited the CBI-like symptomologies of radial swelling and ectopic lignification. Furthermore, indaziflam inhibited the production of cellulose within <1 h of treatment and in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike the CBI isoxaben, indaziflam had strong CBI activity in both a monocotylonous plant (Poa annua) and a dicotyledonous plant (Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana]). Arabidopsis mutants resistant to known CBIs isoxaben or quinoxyphen were not cross resistant to indaziflam, suggesting a different molecular target for indaziflam. To explore this further, we monitored the distribution and mobility of fluorescently labeled CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins in living cells of Arabidopsis during indaziflam exposure. Indaziflam caused a reduction in the velocity of YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN:CESA6 particles at the plasma membrane focal plane compared with controls. Microtubule morphology and motility were not altered after indaziflam treatment. In the hypocotyl expansion zone, indaziflam caused an atypical increase in the density of plasma membrane-localized CESA particles. Interestingly, this was accompanied by a cellulose synthase interacting1-independent reduction in the normal coincidence rate between microtubules and CESA particles. As a CBI, for which there is little evidence of evolved weed resistance, indaziflam represents an important addition to the action mechanisms available for weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Brabham
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Lei Lei
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Ying Gu
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Jozsef Stork
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Michael Barrett
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Seth DeBolt
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
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239
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Chen J, Pei Z, Dai L, Wang B, Liu L, An X, Peng D. Transcriptome profiling using pyrosequencing shows genes associated with bast fiber development in ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.). BMC Genomics 2014; 15:919. [PMID: 25339420 PMCID: PMC4326285 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.), popularly known as “China grass”, is one of the oldest crops in China and the second most important fiber crop in terms of area sown. Ramie fiber, extracted from the plant bast, is important in the textile industry. However, the molecular mechanism of ramie fiber development remains unknown. Results A whole sequencing run was performed on the 454 GS FLX + platform using four separately pooled parts of ramie bast. This generated 1,030,057 reads with an average length of 457 bp. Among the 58,369 unigenes (13,386 contigs and 44,983 isotigs) that were generated through de novo assembly, 780 were differentially expressed. As a result, 13 genes that belong to the cellulose synthase gene family (four), the expansin gene family (three) and the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene family (six) were up-regulated in the top part of the bast, which was in contrast to the other three parts. The identification of these 13 concurrently up-regulated unigenes indicated that the early stage (represented by the top part of the bast) might be important for the molecular regulation of ramie fiber development. Further analysis indicated that four of the 13 unigenes from the expansin (two) and XTH (two) families shared a coincident expression pattern during the whole growth season, which implied they were more relevant to ramie fiber development (fiber quality, etc.) during the different seasons than the other genes. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize ramie fiber development at different developmental stages. The identified transcripts will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in ramie fiber development. Moreover, the identified differentially expressed genes will accelerate molecular research on ramie fiber growth and the breeding of ramie with better fiber yields and quality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-919) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Bashline L, Li S, Gu Y. The trafficking of the cellulose synthase complex in higher plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1059-67. [PMID: 24651373 PMCID: PMC4195546 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulose is an important constituent of plant cell walls in a biological context, and is also a material commonly utilized by mankind in the pulp and paper, timber, textile and biofuel industries. The biosynthesis of cellulose in higher plants is a function of the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). The CSC, a large transmembrane complex containing multiple cellulose synthase proteins, is believed to be assembled in the Golgi apparatus, but is thought only to synthesize cellulose when it is localized at the plasma membrane, where CSCs synthesize and extrude cellulose directly into the plant cell wall. Therefore, the delivery and endocytosis of CSCs to and from the plasma membrane are important aspects for the regulation of cellulose biosynthesis. SCOPE Recent progress in the visualization of CSC dynamics in living plant cells has begun to reveal some of the routes and factors involved in CSC trafficking. This review highlights the most recent major findings related to CSC trafficking, provides novel perspectives on how CSC trafficking can influence the cell wall, and proposes potential avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Bashline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shundai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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241
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Nikolovski N, Shliaha PV, Gatto L, Dupree P, Lilley KS. Label-free protein quantification for plant Golgi protein localization and abundance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1033-43. [PMID: 25122472 PMCID: PMC4213074 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.245589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The proteomic composition of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Golgi apparatus is currently reasonably well documented; however, little is known about the relative abundances between different proteins within this compartment. Accurate quantitative information of Golgi resident proteins is of great importance: it facilitates a better understanding of the biochemical processes that take place within this organelle, especially those of different polysaccharide synthesis pathways. Golgi resident proteins are challenging to quantify because the abundance of this organelle is relatively low within the cell. In this study, an organelle fractionation approach targeting the Golgi apparatus was combined with a label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (data-independent acquisition method using ion mobility separation known as LC-IMS-MS(E) [or HDMS(E)]) to simultaneously localize proteins to the Golgi apparatus and assess their relative quantity. In total, 102 Golgi-localized proteins were quantified. These data show that organelle fractionation in conjunction with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry is a powerful and relatively simple tool to access protein organelle localization and their relative abundances. The findings presented open a unique view on the organization of the plant Golgi apparatus, leading toward unique hypotheses centered on the biochemical processes of this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Nikolovski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (N.N., P.V.S., L.G., P.D., K.S.L.); Computational Proteomics Unit (L.G.), and Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (N.N., P.S., L.G., K.L.), Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel V Shliaha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (N.N., P.V.S., L.G., P.D., K.S.L.); Computational Proteomics Unit (L.G.), and Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (N.N., P.S., L.G., K.L.), Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Gatto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (N.N., P.V.S., L.G., P.D., K.S.L.); Computational Proteomics Unit (L.G.), and Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (N.N., P.S., L.G., K.L.), Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (N.N., P.V.S., L.G., P.D., K.S.L.); Computational Proteomics Unit (L.G.), and Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (N.N., P.S., L.G., K.L.), Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (N.N., P.V.S., L.G., P.D., K.S.L.); Computational Proteomics Unit (L.G.), and Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (N.N., P.S., L.G., K.L.), Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
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242
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Ochs J, LaRue T, Tinaz B, Yongue C, Domozych DS. The cortical cytoskeletal network and cell-wall dynamics in the unicellular charophycean green alga Penium margaritaceum. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1237-49. [PMID: 24603606 PMCID: PMC4195542 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Penium margaritaceum is a unicellular charophycean green alga with a unique bi-directional polar expansion mechanism that occurs at the central isthmus zone prior to cell division. This entails the focused deposition of cell-wall polymers coordinated by the activities of components of the endomembrane system and cytoskeletal networks. The goal of this study was to elucidate the structural organization of the cortical cytoskeletal network during the cell cycle and identify its specific functional roles during key cell-wall developmental events: pre-division expansion and cell division. METHODS Microtubules and actin filaments were labelled during various cell cycle phases with an anti-tubulin antibody and rhodamine phalloidin, respectively. Chemically induced disruption of the cytoskeleton was used to elucidate specific functional roles of microtubules and actin during cell expansion and division. Correlation of cytoskeletal dynamics with cell-wall development included live cell labelling with wall polymer-specific antibodies and electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS The cortical cytoplasm of Penium is highlighted by a band of microtubules found at the cell isthmus, i.e. the site of pre-division wall expansion. This band, along with an associated, transient band of actin filaments, probably acts to direct the deposition of new wall material and to mark the plane of the future cell division. Two additional bands of microtubules, which we identify as satellite bands, arise from the isthmus microtubular band at the onset of expansion and displace toward the poles during expansion, ultimately marking the isthmus of future daughter cells. Treatment with microtubule and actin perturbation agents reversibly stops cell division. CONCLUSIONS The cortical cytoplasm of Penium contains distinct bands of microtubules and actin filaments that persist through the cell cycle. One of these bands, termed the isthmus microtubule band, or IMB, marks the site of both pre-division wall expansion and the zone where a cross wall will form during cytokinesis. This suggests that prior to the evolution of land plants, a dynamic, cortical cytoskeletal array similar to a pre-prophase band had evolved in the charophytes. However, an interesting variation on the cortical band theme is present in Penium, where two satellite microtubule bands are produced at the onset of cell expansion, each of which is destined to become an IMB in the two daughter cells after cytokinesis. These unique cytoskeletal components demonstrate the close temporal control and highly coordinated cytoskeletal dynamics of cellular development in Penium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ochs
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Therese LaRue
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Berke Tinaz
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Camille Yongue
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - David S Domozych
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
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243
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Chen Y, Deffenbaugh NC, Anderson CT, Hancock WO. Molecular counting by photobleaching in protein complexes with many subunits: best practices and application to the cellulose synthesis complex. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3630-42. [PMID: 25232006 PMCID: PMC4230622 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The constituents of large, multisubunit protein complexes dictate their functions in cells, but determining their precise molecular makeup in vivo is challenging. One example of such a complex is the cellulose synthesis complex (CSC), which in plants synthesizes cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on Earth. In growing plant cells, CSCs exist in the plasma membrane as six-lobed rosettes that contain at least three different cellulose synthase (CESA) isoforms, but the number and stoichiometry of CESAs in each CSC are unknown. To begin to address this question, we performed quantitative photobleaching of GFP-tagged AtCESA3-containing particles in living Arabidopsis thaliana cells using variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy and developed a set of information-based step detection procedures to estimate the number of GFP molecules in each particle. The step detection algorithms account for changes in signal variance due to changing numbers of fluorophores, and the subsequent analysis avoids common problems associated with fitting multiple Gaussian functions to binned histogram data. The analysis indicates that at least 10 GFP-AtCESA3 molecules can exist in each particle. These procedures can be applied to photobleaching data for any protein complex with large numbers of fluorescently tagged subunits, providing a new analytical tool with which to probe complex composition and stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA 16802 Interdisciplinary Graduate Degree Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Nathan C Deffenbaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Degree Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA 16802 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - William O Hancock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA 16802 Interdisciplinary Graduate Degree Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA 16802
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244
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Ueda T. Cellulase in Cellulose Synthase: A Cat among the Pigeons? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1397-1398. [PMID: 25085884 PMCID: PMC4119025 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.245753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ueda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Vain T, Crowell EF, Timpano H, Biot E, Desprez T, Mansoori N, Trindade LM, Pagant S, Robert S, Höfte H, Gonneau M, Vernhettes S. The Cellulase KORRIGAN Is Part of the Cellulose Synthase Complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1521-1532. [PMID: 24948829 PMCID: PMC4119035 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and organ formation depend on the oriented deposition of load-bearing cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall. Cellulose is synthesized by a large relative molecular weight cellulose synthase complex (CSC), which comprises at least three distinct cellulose synthases. Cellulose synthesis in plants or bacteria also requires the activity of an endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase, the exact function of which in the synthesis process is not known. Here, we show, to our knowledge for the first time, that a leaky mutation in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) membrane-bound endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase KORRIGAN1 (KOR1) not only caused reduced CSC movement in the plasma membrane but also a reduced cellulose synthesis inhibitor-induced accumulation of CSCs in intracellular compartments. This suggests a role for KOR1 both in the synthesis of cellulose microfibrils and in the intracellular trafficking of CSCs. Next, we used a multidisciplinary approach, including live cell imaging, gel filtration chromatography analysis, split ubiquitin assays in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NMY51), and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, to show that, in contrast to previous observations, KOR1 is an integral part of the primary cell wall CSC in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vain
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Elizabeth Faris Crowell
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Hélène Timpano
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Eric Biot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Thierry Desprez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Nasim Mansoori
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Silvère Pagant
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Herman Höfte
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Martine Gonneau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., S.P., S.R., H.H., M.G., S.V.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (T.V., E.F.C., H.T., E.B., T.D., H.H., M.G., S.V.); andWageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.M., L.M.T.)
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Park E, Díaz-Moreno SM, Davis DJ, Wilkop TE, Bulone V, Drakakaki G. Endosidin 7 Specifically Arrests Late Cytokinesis and Inhibits Callose Biosynthesis, Revealing Distinct Trafficking Events during Cell Plate Maturation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1019-1034. [PMID: 24858949 PMCID: PMC4081319 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although cytokinesis is vital for plant growth and development, our mechanistic understanding of the highly regulated membrane and cargo transport mechanisms in relation to polysaccharide deposition during this process is limited. Here, we present an in-depth characterization of the small molecule endosidin 7 (ES7) inhibiting callose synthase activity and arresting late cytokinesis both in vitro and in vivo in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ES7 is a specific inhibitor for plant callose deposition during cytokinesis that does not affect endomembrane trafficking during interphase or cytoskeletal organization. The specificity of ES7 was demonstrated (1) by comparing its action with that of known inhibitors such as caffeine, flufenacet, and concanamycin A and (2) across kingdoms with a comparison in yeast. The interplay between cell plate-specific post-Golgi vesicle traffic and callose accumulation was analyzed using ES7, and it revealed unique and temporal contributions of secretory and endosomal vesicles in cell plate maturation. While RABA2A-labeled vesicles, which accumulate at the early stage of cell plate formation, were not affected by ES7, KNOLLE was differentially altered by the small molecule. In addition, the presence of clathrin-coated vesicles in cells containing elevated levels of callose and their reduction under ES7 treatment further support the role of endocytic membrane remodeling in the maturing cell plate while the plate is stabilized by callose. Taken together, these data show the essential role of callose during the late stages of cell plate maturation and establish the temporal relationship between vesicles and regulatory proteins at the cell plate assembly matrix during polysaccharide deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook Park
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (E.P., D.J.D., T.E.W., G.D.); andDivision of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden (S.M.D.-M., V.B.)
| | - Sara M Díaz-Moreno
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (E.P., D.J.D., T.E.W., G.D.); andDivision of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden (S.M.D.-M., V.B.)
| | - Destiny J Davis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (E.P., D.J.D., T.E.W., G.D.); andDivision of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden (S.M.D.-M., V.B.)
| | - Thomas E Wilkop
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (E.P., D.J.D., T.E.W., G.D.); andDivision of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden (S.M.D.-M., V.B.)
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (E.P., D.J.D., T.E.W., G.D.); andDivision of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden (S.M.D.-M., V.B.)
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (E.P., D.J.D., T.E.W., G.D.); andDivision of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden (S.M.D.-M., V.B.)
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247
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Olek AT, Rayon C, Makowski L, Kim HR, Ciesielski P, Badger J, Paul LN, Ghosh S, Kihara D, Crowley M, Himmel ME, Bolin JT, Carpita NC. The structure of the catalytic domain of a plant cellulose synthase and its assembly into dimers. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2996-3009. [PMID: 25012190 PMCID: PMC4145127 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.126862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose microfibrils are para-crystalline arrays of several dozen linear (1→4)-β-d-glucan chains synthesized at the surface of the cell membrane by large, multimeric complexes of synthase proteins. Recombinant catalytic domains of rice (Oryza sativa) CesA8 cellulose synthase form dimers reversibly as the fundamental scaffold units of architecture in the synthase complex. Specificity of binding to UDP and UDP-Glc indicates a properly folded protein, and binding kinetics indicate that each monomer independently synthesizes single glucan chains of cellulose, i.e., two chains per dimer pair. In contrast to structure modeling predictions, solution x-ray scattering studies demonstrate that the monomer is a two-domain, elongated structure, with the smaller domain coupling two monomers into a dimer. The catalytic core of the monomer is accommodated only near its center, with the plant-specific sequences occupying the small domain and an extension distal to the catalytic domain. This configuration is in stark contrast to the domain organization obtained in predicted structures of plant CesA. The arrangement of the catalytic domain within the CesA monomer and dimer provides a foundation for constructing structural models of the synthase complex and defining the relationship between the rosette structure and the cellulose microfibrils they synthesize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna T Olek
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054
| | - Catherine Rayon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054
| | - Lee Makowski
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Hyung Rae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1971
| | - Peter Ciesielski
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biomolecular Science Group, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305
| | - John Badger
- DeltaG Technologies, San Diego, California 92122
| | - Lake N Paul
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2057
| | - Subhangi Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1971
| | - Daisuke Kihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1971 Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2107
| | - Michael Crowley
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biomolecular Science Group, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305
| | - Michael E Himmel
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biomolecular Science Group, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305
| | - Jeffrey T Bolin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1971
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054 Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1971 Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2057
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248
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Mokshina N, Gorshkova T, Deyholos MK. Chitinase-like (CTL) and cellulose synthase (CESA) gene expression in gelatinous-type cellulosic walls of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) bast fibers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97949. [PMID: 24918577 PMCID: PMC4053336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) and chitinase-like (CTL) proteins have diverse functions including cell wall biosynthesis and disease resistance. We analyzed the expression of 34 chitinase and chitinase-like genes of flax (collectively referred to as LusCTLs), belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 19 (GH19). Analysis of the transcript expression patterns of LusCTLs in the stem and other tissues identified three transcripts (LusCTL19, LusCTL20, LusCTL21) that were highly enriched in developing bast fibers, which form cellulose-rich gelatinous-type cell walls. The same three genes had low relative expression in tissues with primary cell walls and in xylem, which forms a xylan type of secondary cell wall. Phylogenetic analysis of the LusCTLs identified a flax-specific sub-group that was not represented in any of other genomes queried. To provide further context for the gene expression analysis, we also conducted phylogenetic and expression analysis of the cellulose synthase (CESA) family genes of flax, and found that expression of secondary wall-type LusCESAs (LusCESA4, LusCESA7 and LusCESA8) was correlated with the expression of two LusCTLs (LusCTL1, LusCTL2) that were the most highly enriched in xylem. The expression of LusCTL19, LusCTL20, and LusCTL21 was not correlated with that of any CESA subgroup. These results defined a distinct type of CTLs that may have novel functions specific to the development of the gelatinous (G-type) cellulosic walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mokshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Michael K. Deyholos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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249
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Yang C, Li D, Liu X, Ji C, Hao L, Zhao X, Li X, Chen C, Cheng Z, Zhu L. OsMYB103L, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, influences leaf rolling and mechanical strength in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:158. [PMID: 24906444 PMCID: PMC4062502 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shape of grass leaves possesses great value in both agronomy and developmental biology research. Leaf rolling is one of the important traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding. MYB transcription factors are one of the largest gene families and have important roles in plant development, metabolism and stress responses. However, little is known about their functions in rice. RESULTS In this study, we report the functional characterization of a rice gene, OsMYB103L, which encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor. OsMYB103L was localized in the nucleus with transactivation activity. Overexpression of OsMYB103L in rice resulted in a rolled leaf phenotype. Further analyses showed that expression levels of several cellulose synthase genes (CESAs) were significantly increased, as was the cellulose content in OsMYB103L overexpressing lines. Knockdown of OsMYB103L by RNA interference led to a decreased level of cellulose content and reduced mechanical strength in leaves. Meanwhile, the expression levels of several CESA genes were decreased in these knockdown lines. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that OsMYB103L may target CESA genes for regulation of cellulose synthesis and could potentially be engineered for desirable leaf shape and mechanical strength in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Department of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lili Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Caiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lihuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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250
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Lei L, Zhang T, Strasser R, Lee CM, Gonneau M, Mach L, Vernhettes S, Kim SH, J Cosgrove D, Li S, Gu Y. The jiaoyao1 Mutant Is an Allele of korrigan1 That Abolishes Endoglucanase Activity and Affects the Organization of Both Cellulose Microfibrils and Microtubules in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2601-2616. [PMID: 24963054 PMCID: PMC4114954 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.126193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, cellulose is synthesized by plasma membrane-localized cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs). Arabidopsis thaliana GH9A1/KORRIGAN1 is a membrane-bound, family 9 glycosyl hydrolase that is important for cellulose synthesis in both primary and secondary cell walls. Most previously identified korrigan1 mutants show severe phenotypes such as embryo lethality; therefore, the role of GH9A1 in cellulose synthesis remains unclear. Here, we report a novel A577V missense mutation, designated jiaoyao1 (jia1), in the second of the glycosyl hydrolase family 9 active site signature motifs in GH9A1. jia1 is defective in cell expansion in dark-grown hypocotyls, roots, and adult plants. Consistent with its defect in cell expansion, this mutation in GH9A1 resulted in reduced cellulose content and reduced CSC velocity at the plasma membrane. Green fluorescent protein-GH9A1 is associated with CSCs at multiple locations, including the plasma membrane, Golgi, trans-Golgi network, and small CESA-containing compartments or microtubule-associated cellulose synthase compartments, indicating a tight association between GH9A1 and CSCs. GH9A1A577V abolishes the endoglucanase activity of GH9A1 in vitro but does not affect its interaction with CESAs in vitro, suggesting that endoglucanase activity is important for cellulose synthesis. Interestingly, jia1 results in both cellulose microfibril and microtubule disorganization. Our study establishes the important role of endoglucanase in cellulose synthesis and cellulose microfibril organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher M Lee
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Martine Gonneau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seong H Kim
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Shundai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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