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Kasten D, Mithöfer A, Georgii E, Lang H, Durner J, Gaupels F. Nitrite is the driver, phytohormones are modulators while NO and H2O2 act as promoters of NO2-induced cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6337-6349. [PMID: 27811003 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-induced toxicity and cell death in plants. Exposure of Arabidopsis to high concentrations of NO2 induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. No leaf symptoms were visible after fumigation for 1 h with 10 parts per million (ppm) NO2 However, 20 ppm NO2 caused necrotic lesion formation and 30 ppm NO2 complete leaf collapse, which had already started during the 1 h fumigation period. NO2 fumigation resulted in a massive accumulation of nitrite and in protein modifications by S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Nitric oxide (NO) at 30 ppm did not trigger leaf damage or any of the effects observed after NO2 fumigation. The onset of NO2-induced cell death correlated with NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling and a decrease in antioxidants. NO- and H2O2-accumulating mutants were more sensitive to NO2 than wild-type plants. Accordingly, experiments with specific scavengers confirmed that NO and H2O2 are essential promoters of NO2-induced cell death. Leaf injection of 100 mM nitrite caused an increase in S-nitrosylation, NO, H2O2, and cell death suggesting that nitrite functioned as a mediator of NO2-induced effects. A targeted screening of phytohormone mutants revealed a protective role of salicylic acid (SA) signaling in response to NO2 It was also shown that phytohormones were modulators rather than inducers of NO2-induced cell death. The established experimental set-up is a suitable system to investigate NO2 and cell death signaling in large-scale mutant screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Kasten
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Georgii
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Lang
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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202
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Nitric oxide-polyamines cross-talk during dormancy release and germination of apple embryos. Nitric Oxide 2016; 68:38-50. [PMID: 27890695 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines (PAs) belong to plant growth and development regulators. These compounds play a key role in numerous physiological processes e.g. seed germination. Based on the suggestion of overlapping of NO and PAs biosynthetic pathways, we demonstrated a cross-talk of NO and PAs in regulation of embryonic dormancy release. The aim of the work was to investigate an impact of PAs (Put, Spd and Spm) or NO short-term fumigation on nitrite, urea, Arg and ornithine (Orn) content, NO synthase-like (NOS-like) and arginase activity in axes of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) embryos during dormancy alleviation and at the stage of termination of germination sensu stricto. NO, Put/Spd induced dormancy breakage and germination of apple embryos corresponded to stimulation of urea cycle and high free Arg pool in seedlings roots. After two days of the culture Put and Spd stimulated Arg dependent NO formation, inhibition of which was observed after Spm application. Put or Spd application as well as NO short-term pretreatment of apple embryos influenced level of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Higher abundance of such modified proteins correlated well to the declined content of nitrated proteins, suggesting their important role in regulation of embryo germination. NO led to stimulation of embryos germination by increasing level of free PAs (mostly Put). While transcriptomic approach showed down regulation of Spm synthesis and up-regulation of Spm degradation by NO, confirming negative role of Spm over-accumulation in embryo dormancy removal. Our data clearly indicate positive relationship of NO-Put/Spd acting as dormancy removing factors.
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203
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Regulation of Anticancer Styrylpyrone Biosynthesis in the Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus Requires Thioredoxin Mediated Transnitrosylation of S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37601. [PMID: 27869186 PMCID: PMC5116637 DOI: 10.1038/srep37601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal macrofungus Inonotus obliquus widely utilized as folk medicine in Russia and Baltic countries is a source of phenylpropanoid-derived styrylpyrone polyphenols that can inhibit tumor proliferation. Insights into the regulatory machinery that controls I. obliquus styrylpyrone polyphenol biosynthesis will enable strategies to increase the production of these molecules. Here we show that Thioredoxin (Trx) mediated transnitrosylation of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) underpins the regulation of styrylpyrone production, driven by nitric oxide (NO) synthesis triggered by P. morii coculture. NO accumulation results in the S-nitrosylation of PAL and 4CL required for the synthesis of precursor phenylpropanoids and styrylpyrone synthase (SPS), integral to the production of styrylpyrone, inhibiting their activities. These enzymes are targeted for denitrosylation by Trx proteins, which restore their activity. Further, this Trx S-nitrosothiol (SNO) reductase activity was potentiated following S-nitrosylation of Trx proteins at a non-catalytic cysteine (Cys) residue. Intriguingly, this process was counterbalanced by Trx denitrosylation, mediated by Trx-dependent transnitrosylation of GSNOR. Thus, unprecedented interplay between Trx and GSNOR oxidoreductases regulates the biosynthesis of styrylpyrone polyphenols in I. obliquus.
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204
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Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Izbiańska K. The combined nitrate reductase and nitrite-dependent route of NO synthesis in potato immunity to Phytophthora infestans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:468-477. [PMID: 27588710 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the in-depth knowledge concerning nitric oxide (NO) function, our understanding of NO synthesis in plants is still very limited. In view of the above, this paper provides a step by step presentation of the reductive pathway for endogenous NO generation involving nitrate reductase (NR) activity and nitrite implication in potato defense to Phytophthora infestans. A biphasic character of NO emission, peaking mainly at 3 and then at 24 hpi, was detected during the hypersensitive response (HR). In avr P. infestans potato leaves enhanced NR gene and protein expression was tuned with the depletion of nitrate contents and the increase in nitrite supply at 3 hpi. In the same time period a temporary down-regulation of nitrite reductase (NiR) and activity was found. The study for the link between NO signaling and HR revealed an up-regulation of used markers of effective defense, i.e. Nonexpressor of PR genes (NPR1), thioredoxins (Thx) and PR1, at early time-points (1-3 hpi) upon inoculation. In contrast to the resistant response, in the susceptible one a late overexpression (24-48 hpi) of NPR1 and PR1 mRNA levels was observed. Presented data confirmed the importance of nitrite processed by NR in NO generation in inoculated potato leaves. However, based on the pharmacological approach the potential formation of NO from nitrite bypassing the NR activity during HR response to P. infestans has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karolina Izbiańska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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205
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meta-Tyrosine induces modification of reactive nitrogen species level, protein nitration and nitrosoglutathione reductase in tomato roots. Nitric Oxide 2016; 68:56-67. [PMID: 27810375 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A non-protein amino acid (NPAA) - meta-Tyrosine (m-Tyr), is a harmful compound produced by fescue roots. Young (3-4 days old) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were supplemented for 24-72 h with m-Tyr (50 or 250 μM) inhibiting root growth by 50 or 100%, without lethal effect. Fluorescence of DAF-FM and APF derivatives was determined to show reactive nitrogen species (RNS) localization and level in roots of tomato plants. m-Tyr-induced restriction of root elongation growth was related to formation of nitrated proteins described as content of 3-nitrotyrosine. Supplementation with m-Tyr enhanced superoxide radicals generation in extracts of tomato roots and stimulated protein nitration. It correlated well to increase of fluorescence of DAF-FM derivatives, and transiently stimulated fluorescence of APF derivatives corresponding respectively to NO and ONOO- formation. Alterations in RNS formation induced by m-Tyr were linked to metabolism of nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Activity of nitrosoglutatione reductase (GSNOR), catalyzing degradation of GSNO was enhanced by long term plant supplementation with m-Tyr, similarly as protein abundance, while transcripts level were only slightly altered by tested NPAA. We conclude, that although in animal cells m-Tyr is considered as a marker of oxidative stress, its secondary mode of action in tomato plants involves perturbation in RNS formation, alteration in GSNO metabolism and modification of protein nitration level.
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206
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Marcolongo JP, Morzan UN, Zeida A, Scherlis DA, Olabe JA. Nitrosodisulfide [S 2NO] - (perthionitrite) is a true intermediate during the "cross-talk" of nitrosyl and sulfide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30047-30052. [PMID: 27774554 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosodisulfide S2NO- is a controversial intermediate in the reactions of S-nitrosothiols with HS- that produce NO and HNO. QM-MM molecular dynamics simulations combined with TD-DFT analysis contribute to a clear identification of S2NO- in water, acetone and acetonitrile, accounting for the UV-Vis signatures and broadening the mechanistic picture of N/S signaling in biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Marcolongo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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207
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Yin YL, Zhou Y, Zhou YH, Shi K, Zhou J, Yu Y, Yu JQ, Xia XJ. Interplay between mitogen-activated protein kinase and nitric oxide in brassinosteroid-induced pesticide metabolism in Solanum lycopersicum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:221-31. [PMID: 27236431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) play important roles in brassinosteroid (BR)-induced stress tolerance, however, their functions in BR-induced pesticides metabolism remain unclear. Here, we showed that MPK activity and transcripts of SlMPK1 and SlMPK2 were induced by chlorothalonil (CHT), a widely used fungicide, in tomato leaves. However, cosilencing of SlMPK1/2 compromised the 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-induced upregulation of detoxification genes and CHT metabolism in tomato leaves. In addition, cosilencing of SlMPK1/2 inhibited the accumulation of S-nitrosothiol (SNO), the reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) in plants, whereas tungstate, the inhibitor of nitrate reductase (NR), blocked EBR-induced SNO accumulation and MPK activity. Inhibiting the accumulation of NO by cPTIO, the specific scavenger and tungstate abolished the EBR-induced upregulation of detoxification genes, glutathione accumulation and CHT metabolism. The results showed that MPK and NR-dependent NO were involved in BR-induced CHT metabolism. Notably, there was a positive crosstalk between the MPK and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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208
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Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. Contrasting Regulation of NO and ROS in Potato Defense-Associated Metabolism in Response to Pathogens of Different Lifestyles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163546. [PMID: 27695047 PMCID: PMC5047594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research provides new insights into how the low and steady-state levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in potato leaves are altered after the challenge with the hemibiotroph Phytophthora infestans or the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea, with the subsequent rapid and invader-dependent modification of defense responses with opposite effects. Mainly in the avirulent (avr) P. infestans–potato system, NO well balanced with the superoxide level was tuned with a battery of SA-dependent defense genes, leading to the establishment of the hypersensitive response (HR) successfully arresting the pathogen. Relatively high levels of S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitrosothiols concentrated in the main vein of potato leaves indicated the mobile function of these compounds as a reservoir of NO bioactivity. In contrast, low-level production of NO and ROS during virulent (vr) P. infestans-potato interactions might be crucial in the delayed up-regulation of PR-1 and PR-3 genes and compromised resistance to the hemibiotrophic pathogen. In turn, B. cinerea triggered huge NO overproduction and governed inhibition of superoxide production by blunting NADPH oxidase. Nevertheless, a relatively high level of H2O2 was found owing to the germin-like activity in cooperation with NO-mediated HR-like cell death in potato genotypes favorable to the necrotrophic pathogen. Moreover, B. cinerea not only provoked cell death, but also modulated the host redox milieu by boosting protein nitration, which attenuated SA production but not SA-dependent defense gene expression. Finally, based on obtained data the organismal cost of having machinery for HR in plant resistance to biotrophs is also discussed, while emphasizing new efforts to identify other components of the NO/ROS cell death pathway and improve plant protection against pathogens of different lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznan, Poland
- * E-mail:
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209
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Truong HN, Meyer C. A new NO ledge in Chlamydomonas: when the old nitrate reductase meets amidoxime reducing component to produce nitric oxide. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2095-2096. [PMID: 27435600 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: A dual system formed by the ARC and NR molybdoenzymes mediates nitrite-dependent NO production in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai-Nam Truong
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026, Versailles, France
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210
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Zhu D, Mei Y, Shi Y, Hu D, Ren Y, Gu Q, Shen W, Chen X, Xu L, Huang L. Involvement of glutathione in β-cyclodextrin-hemin complex-induced lateral root formation in tomato seedlings. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 204:92-100. [PMID: 27543888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
β-cyclodextrin-hemin complex (β-CDH) was shown to induce lateral root (LR) formation in tomato. However, the molecular mechanism is still elusive. In this report, the role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the induction of lateral root triggered by β-CDH was investigated. Similar to the responses of β-CDH, exogenously applied with 0.1 mΜ GSH not only increased endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and the monochlorobimane (MCB)-dependent fluorescent analysis, but also induced, thereafter, LR formation. Meanwhile, both β-CDH- and GSH-induced lateral root primordia (LRP) exhibited a similar accelerated anatomic structure. Above inducible responses were blocked significantly when the L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a potent and specific inhibitor of the enzyme catalyzing the first step of GSH biosynthesis, was separately applied. Upon β-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Exogenously applied with β-CDH could rescue N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA; IAA depletion)-triggered inhibition of LR formation. Further molecular evidence revealed that both β-CDH and GSH modulated gene expression of cell cycle regulatory genes (CYCA2;1, CYCA3;1, CYCD3;1, and CDKA1) and auxin signaling genes (ARF7 and RSI-1), six marker genes responsible for LR formation. By contrast, above changes were sensitive to the co-treatment with BSO. All together, these results suggest a role for GSH in the regulation of tomato LR development triggered by β-CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yudong Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujian Shi
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dekun Hu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Medicinal and Applications, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Quan Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lingxi Xu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liqin Huang
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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211
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Zhou S, Jia L, Chu H, Wu D, Peng X, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Chen K, Zhao L. Arabidopsis CaM1 and CaM4 Promote Nitric Oxide Production and Salt Resistance by Inhibiting S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase via Direct Binding. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006255. [PMID: 27684709 PMCID: PMC5042403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt is a major threat to plant growth and crop productivity. Calmodulin (CaM), the most important multifunctional Ca2+ sensor protein in plants, mediates reactions against environmental stresses through target proteins; however, direct proof of the participation of CaM in salt tolerance and its corresponding signaling pathway in vivo is lacking. In this study, we found that AtCaM1 and AtCaM4 produced salt-responsive CaM isoforms according to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses; this result was verified based on a phenotypic analysis of salt-treated loss-of-function mutant and transgenic plants. We also found that the level of nitric oxide (NO), an important salt-responsive signaling molecule, varied in response to salt treatment depending on AtCaM1 and AtCaM4 expression. GSNOR is considered as an important and widely utilized regulatory component of NO homeostasis in plant resistance protein signaling networks. In vivo and in vitro protein-protein interaction assays revealed direct binding between AtCaM4 and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), leading to reduced GSNOR activity and an increased NO level. Overexpression of GSNOR intensified the salt sensitivity of cam4 mutant plants accompanied by a reduced internal NO level, whereas a gsnor deficiency increased the salt tolerance of cam4 plants accompanied by an increased internal NO level. Physiological experiments showed that CaM4-GSNOR, acting through NO, reestablished the ion balance to increase plant resistance to salt stress. Together, these data suggest that AtCaM1 and AtCaM4 serve as signals in plant salt resistance by promoting NO accumulation through the binding and inhibition of GSNOR. This could be a conserved defensive signaling pathway in plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lixiu Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongye Chu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kunming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail:
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212
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Nitric oxide synthase in plants: Where do we stand? Nitric Oxide 2016; 63:30-38. [PMID: 27658319 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important player in various plant physiological processes. Although many advances in the understanding of NO functions have been made, the question of how NO is produced in plants is still challenging. It is now generally accepted that the endogenous production of NO is mainly accomplished through the reduction of nitrite via both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms which remain to be fully characterized. Furthermore, experimental arguments in favour of the existence of plant nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzymes have been reported. However, recent investigations revealed that land plants do not possess animal NOS-like enzymes while few algal species do. Phylogenetic and structural analyses reveals interesting features specific to algal NOS-like proteins.
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213
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Tichá T, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Functions and Metabolism of S-Nitrosothiols and S-Nitrosylation of Proteins in Plants: The Role of GSNOR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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214
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Chen X, Tian D, Kong X, Chen Q, E F AA, Hu X, Jia A. The role of nitric oxide signalling in response to salt stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANTA 2016; 244:651-69. [PMID: 27116428 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide signal and GSNOR activity play an essential role for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii response to salt stress. The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one of the most important model organisms phylogenetically situated between higher plants and animals. In the present study, we used comparative proteomics and physiological approaches to study the mechanisms underlying the response to salt stress in C. reinhardtii. We identified 74 proteins that accumulated differentially after salt stress, including oxidative enzymes and enzymes associated with nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, cell damage, and cell autophagy processes. A set of antioxidant enzymes, as well as S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity, were induced to balance the cellular redox status during short-term salt stress. Enzymes involved in DNA repair and cell autophagy also contribute to adaptation to short-term salt stress. However, under long-term salt stress, antioxidant enzymes and GSNOR were gradually inactivated through protein S-nitrosylation, leading to oxidative damage and a reduction in cell viability. Modulating the protein S-nitrosylation levels by suppressing GSNOR activity or adding thioredoxin affected the plant's adaptation to salt stress, through altering the redox status and DNA damage and autophagy levels. Based on these data, we propose that unicellular algae use multiple strategies to adapt to salt stress, and that, during this process, GSNOR activity and protein S-nitrosylation levels play important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Dagang Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangxiang Kong
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qian Chen
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Abd Allah E F
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aiqun Jia
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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215
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Araniti F, Graña E, Krasuska U, Bogatek R, Reigosa MJ, Abenavoli MR, Sánchez-Moreiras AM. Loss of Gravitropism in Farnesene-Treated Arabidopsis Is Due to Microtubule Malformations Related to Hormonal and ROS Unbalance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160202. [PMID: 27490179 PMCID: PMC4974009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mode of action of farnesene, a volatile sesquiterpene commonly found in the essential oils of several plants, was deeply studied on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. The effects of farnesene on the Arabidopsis root morphology were evaluated by different microscopic techniques. As well, microtubules immunolabeling, phytohormone measurements and ROS staining helped us to elucidate the single or multi-modes of action of this sesquiterpene on plant metabolism. Farnesene-treated roots showed a strong growth inhibition and marked modifications on morphology, important tissue alterations, cellular damages and anisotropic growth. Left-handed growth of farnesene-treated roots, reverted by taxol (a known microtubule stabilizer), was related to microtubule condensation and disorganization. As well, the inhibition of primary root growth, lateral root number, lateral root length, and both root hairs length and density could be explained by the strong increment in ethylene production and auxin content detected in farnesene-treated seedlings. Microtubule alteration and hormonal unbalance appear as important components in the mode of action of farnesene and confirm the strong phytotoxic potential of this sesquiterpene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Facoltà di Agraria – Salita Melissari, Lotto-D, I-89124, Reggio Calabria RC, Italy
- * E-mail: (FA); (AMSM)
| | - Elisa Graña
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Urszula Krasuska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Bogatek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Manuel J. Reigosa
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Facoltà di Agraria – Salita Melissari, Lotto-D, I-89124, Reggio Calabria RC, Italy
| | - Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
- * E-mail: (FA); (AMSM)
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216
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Silveira NM, Frungillo L, Marcos FCC, Pelegrino MT, Miranda MT, Seabra AB, Salgado I, Machado EC, Ribeiro RV. Exogenous nitric oxide improves sugarcane growth and photosynthesis under water deficit. PLANTA 2016; 244:181-90. [PMID: 27002974 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated redox signaling plays a role in alleviating the negative impact of water stress in sugarcane plants by improving root growth and photosynthesis. Drought is an environmental limitation affecting sugarcane growth and yield. The redox-active molecule nitric oxide (NO) is known to modulate plant responses to stressful conditions. NO may react with glutathione (GSH) to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), which is considered the main reservoir of NO in cells. Here, we investigate the role of NO in alleviating the effects of water deficit on growth and photosynthesis of sugarcane plants. Well-hydrated plants were compared to plants under drought and sprayed with mock (water) or GSNO at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 μM. Leaf GSNO sprayed plants showed significant improvement of relative water content and leaf and root dry matter under drought compared to mock-sprayed plants. Additionally, plants sprayed with GSNO (≥ 100 μM) showed higher leaf gas exchange and photochemical activity as compared to mock-sprayed plants under water deficit and after rehydration. Surprisingly, a raise in the total S-nitrosothiols content was observed in leaves sprayed with GSH or GSNO, suggesting a long-term role of NO-mediated responses to water deficit. Experiments with leaf discs fumigated with NO gas also suggested a role of NO in drought tolerance of sugarcane plants. Overall, our data indicate that the NO-mediated redox signaling plays a role in alleviating the negative effects of water stress in sugarcane plants by protecting the photosynthetic apparatus and improving shoot and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neidiquele M Silveira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", Center R&D in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Frungillo
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fernanda C C Marcos
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena T Pelegrino
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela T Miranda
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amedea B Seabra
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Ione Salgado
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Machado
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", Center R&D in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael V Ribeiro
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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217
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Yun BW, Skelly MJ, Yin M, Yu M, Mun BG, Lee SU, Hussain A, Spoel SH, Loake GJ. Nitric oxide and S-nitrosoglutathione function additively during plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:516-26. [PMID: 26916092 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as a key regulator of diverse plant cellular processes. A major route for the transfer of NO bioactivity is S-nitrosylation, the addition of an NO moiety to a protein cysteine thiol forming an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). Total cellular levels of protein S-nitrosylation are controlled predominantly by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) which turns over the natural NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). In the absence of GSNOR1 function, GSNO accumulates, leading to dysregulation of total cellular S-nitrosylation. Here we show that endogenous NO accumulation in Arabidopsis, resulting from loss-of-function mutations in NO Overexpression 1 (NOX1), led to disabled Resistance (R) gene-mediated protection, basal resistance and defence against nonadapted pathogens. In nox1 plants both salicylic acid (SA) synthesis and signalling were suppressed, reducing SA-dependent defence gene expression. Significantly, expression of a GSNOR1 transgene complemented the SNO-dependent phenotypes of paraquat resistant 2-1 (par2-1) plants but not the NO-related characters of the nox1-1 line. Furthermore, atgsnor1-3 nox1-1 double mutants supported greater bacterial titres than either of the corresponding single mutants. Our findings imply that GSNO and NO, two pivotal redox signalling molecules, exhibit additive functions and, by extension, may have distinct or overlapping molecular targets during both immunity and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Wook Yun
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, KyungPook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 7201-701, Korea
| | - Michael J Skelly
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Minghui Yin
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Manda Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, KyungPook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 7201-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, KyungPook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 7201-701, Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, KyungPook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 7201-701, Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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218
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Krasuska U, Andrzejczak O, Staszek P, Borucki W, Gniazdowska A. Toxicity of canavanine in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) roots is due to alterations in RNS, ROS and auxin levels. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 103:84-95. [PMID: 26986929 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Canavanine (CAN) is non-proteinogenic aminoacid and a structural analog of arginine (Arg). Naturally, CAN occurs in legumes e.g. jack bean and is considered as a strong allelochemical. As a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase in mammalians, it could act as a modifier of nitric oxide (NO) concentration in plants. Modifications in the content of endogenous reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence root structure and architecture, being also under hormonal control. The aim of the work was to investigate regulation of root growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Malinowy Ożarowski) seedling by application of CAN at concentration (10 and 50 μM) leading to 50% or 100% restriction of root elongation. CAN at higher concentration led to slight DNA fragmentation, increased total RNA and protein level. Decline in total respiration rate after CAN supplementation was not associated with enhanced membrane permeability. Malformations in root morphology (shorter and thicker roots, limited number of lateral roots) were accompanied by modification in NO and ONOO(-) localization; determined mainly in peridermal cells and some border cells. Although, CAN resulted in low RNS production, addition of exogenous NO by usage of NO donors did not reverse its negative effect, nor recovery effect was detected after roots imbibition in Arg. To build up a comprehensive view on mode of action of CAN as root growth inhibitor, it was shown an elevated level of auxin. To summarize, we demonstrated several secondary mode of action of CAN, indicating its toxicity in plants linked to restriction in RNS formation accompanied by simultaneous overaccumulation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wojciech Borucki
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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219
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Residues in the Distal Heme Pocket of Arabidopsis Non-Symbiotic Hemoglobins: Implication for Nitrite Reductase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050640. [PMID: 27136534 PMCID: PMC4881466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that plant hemoglobins (Hbs) are involved in nitric oxide (NO) metabolism via NO dioxygenase and/or nitrite reductase activity. The ferrous-deoxy Arabidopsis Hb1 and Hb2 (AHb1 and AHb2) have been shown to reduce nitrite to NO under hypoxia. Here, to test the hypothesis that a six- to five-coordinate heme iron transition might mediate the control of the nitrite reduction rate, we examined distal pocket mutants of AHb1 and AHb2 for nitrite reductase activity, NO production and spectroscopic features. Absorption spectra of AHbs distal histidine mutants showed that AHb1 mutant (H69L) is a stable pentacoordinate high-spin species in both ferrous and ferric states, whereas heme iron in AHb2 mutant (H66L) is hexacoordinated low-spin with Lys69 as the sixth ligand. The bimolecular rate constants for nitrite reduction to NO were 13.3 ± 0.40, 7.3 ± 0.5, 10.6 ± 0.8 and 171.90 ± 9.00 M−1·s−1 for AHb1, AHb2, AHb1 H69L and AHb2 H66L, respectively, at pH 7.4 and 25 °C. Consistent with the reductase activity, the amount of NO detected by chemiluminescence was significantly higher in the AHb2 H66L mutant. Our data indicate that nitrite reductase activity is determined not only by heme coordination, but also by a unique distal heme pocket in each AHb.
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220
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Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is considered a key enzyme in the regulation of intracellular levels of S-nitrosoglutathione and protein S-nitrosylation. As a part of nitric oxide catabolism, GSNOR catalyzes the irreversible decomposition of GSNO to oxidized glutathione. GSNOR is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, mediated by NO-dependent signaling mechanisms, and is known to play important roles in plant responses to various abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Here we present optimized protocols to determine GSNOR enzyme activities in plant samples by spectrophotometric measurements and by activity staining after the native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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221
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Farnese FS, Menezes-Silva PE, Gusman GS, Oliveira JA. When Bad Guys Become Good Ones: The Key Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in the Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:471. [PMID: 27148300 PMCID: PMC4828662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The natural environment of plants is composed of a complex set of abiotic stresses and their ability to respond to these stresses is highly flexible and finely balanced through the interaction between signaling molecules. In this review, we highlight the integrated action between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), particularly nitric oxide (NO), involved in the acclimation to different abiotic stresses. Under stressful conditions, the biosynthesis transport and the metabolism of ROS and NO influence plant response mechanisms. The enzymes involved in ROS and NO synthesis and scavenging can be found in different cells compartments and their temporal and spatial locations are determinant for signaling mechanisms. Both ROS and NO are involved in long distances signaling (ROS wave and GSNO transport), promoting an acquired systemic acclimation to abiotic stresses. The mechanisms of abiotic stresses response triggered by ROS and NO involve some general steps, as the enhancement of antioxidant systems, but also stress-specific mechanisms, according to the stress type (drought, hypoxia, heavy metals, etc.), and demand the interaction with other signaling molecules, such as MAPK, plant hormones, and calcium. The transduction of ROS and NO bioactivity involves post-translational modifications of proteins, particularly S-glutathionylation for ROS, and S-nitrosylation for NO. These changes may alter the activity, stability, and interaction with other molecules or subcellular location of proteins, changing the entire cell dynamics and contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis. However, despite the recent advances about the roles of ROS and NO in signaling cascades, many challenges remain, and future studies focusing on the signaling of these molecules in planta are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S. Farnese
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo E. Menezes-Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiás, Brazil
| | - Grasielle S. Gusman
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry, Univiçosa – Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeViçosa, Brazil
| | - Juraci A. Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa, Brazil
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222
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Kolbert Z. Implication of nitric oxide (NO) in excess element-induced morphogenic responses of the root system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:149-161. [PMID: 26895428 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extremes of metal and non-metal elements in the soils create a stressful environment and plants exposed to sub-lethal abiotic stress conditions show a broad range of morphogenic responses designated as stress-induced morphogenic response (SIMR). Being the first plant organ directly contacting with elevated doses of elements, the root system shows remarkable symptoms and deserves special attention. In the signalling of root SIMR, the involvement of phytohormones (especially auxin) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been earlier suggested. Emerging evidence supports that nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules (reactive nitrogen species, RNS) are integral signals of root system development, and they are active components of heavy metal-induced stress responses as well. Based on these, the main scope of this review is to demonstrate the contribution of NO/RNS to the emergence of excess element-induced root morphogenic responses. The SIMR-like root system of lead-treated Arabidopsis thaliana contained elevated NO levels compared to the root not showing SIMR. In NO-deficient nia1nia2 plants, the degree of selenium-induced root SIMR was, in some characteristics altered compared to the wild-type. Moreover, among the molecular elements of SIMR several potential candidates of NO-dependent S-nitrosylation or tyrosine nitration have been found using computational prediction. The demonstrated literature data together with own experimental results strongly outline that NO/RNS are regulating signals in the development of root SIMR in case of excess metal and non-metal elements. This also reveals a new role of NO in acclimation emphasizing its importance in defence mechanisms against abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary.
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223
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Reversible S-nitrosylation limits over synthesis of fungal styrylpyrone upon nitric oxide burst. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4123-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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224
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Kumar N, Nakagawa P, Janic B, Romero CA, Worou ME, Monu SR, Peterson EL, Shaw J, Valeriote F, Ongeri EM, Niyitegeka JMV, Rhaleb NE, Carretero OA. The anti-inflammatory peptide Ac-SDKP is released from thymosin-β4 by renal meprin-α and prolyl oligopeptidase. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1026-34. [PMID: 26962108 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00562.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is a natural tetrapeptide with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. Previously, we have shown that prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is involved in the Ac-SDKP release from thymosin-β4 (Tβ4). However, POP can only hydrolyze peptides shorter than 30 amino acids, and Tβ4 is 43 amino acids long. This indicates that before POP hydrolysis takes place, Tβ4 is hydrolyzed by another peptidase that releases NH2-terminal intermediate peptide(s) with fewer than 30 amino acids. Our peptidase database search pointed out meprin-α metalloprotease as a potential candidate. Therefore, we hypothesized that, prior to POP hydrolysis, Tβ4 is hydrolyzed by meprin-α. In vitro, we found that the incubation of Tβ4 with both meprin-α and POP released Ac-SDKP, whereas no Ac-SDKP was released when Tβ4 was incubated with either meprin-α or POP alone. Incubation of Tβ4 with rat kidney homogenates significantly released Ac-SDKP, which was blocked by the meprin-α inhibitor actinonin. In addition, kidneys from meprin-α knockout (KO) mice showed significantly lower basal Ac-SDKP amount, compared with wild-type mice. Kidney homogenates from meprin-α KO mice failed to release Ac-SDKP from Tβ4. In vivo, we observed that rats treated with the ACE inhibitor captopril increased plasma concentrations of Ac-SDKP, which was inhibited by the coadministration of actinonin (vehicle, 3.1 ± 0.2 nmol/l; captopril, 15.1 ± 0.7 nmol/l; captopril + actinonin, 6.1 ± 0.3 nmol/l; P < 0.005). Similar results were obtained with urinary Ac-SDKP after actinonin treatment. We conclude that release of Ac-SDKP from Tβ4 is mediated by successive hydrolysis involving meprin-α and POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Branislava Janic
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Cesar A Romero
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Morel E Worou
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sumit R Monu
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Edward L Peterson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jiajiu Shaw
- 21st Century Therapeutics, Inc., Detroit, Michigan
| | - Frederick Valeriote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Elimelda M Ongeri
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | | | - Nour-Eddine Rhaleb
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Oscar A Carretero
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan;
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225
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Jeandroz S, Wipf D, Stuehr DJ, Lamattina L, Melkonian M, Tian Z, Zhu Y, Carpenter EJ, Wong GKS, Wendehenne D. Occurrence, structure, and evolution of nitric oxide synthase–like proteins in the plant kingdom. Sci Signal 2016; 9:re2. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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226
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Gaupels F, Furch ACU, Zimmermann MR, Chen F, Kaever V, Buhtz A, Kehr J, Sarioglu H, Kogel KH, Durner J. Systemic Induction of NO-, Redox-, and cGMP Signaling in the Pumpkin Extrafascicular Phloem upon Local Leaf Wounding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:154. [PMID: 26904092 PMCID: PMC4751408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbits developed the unique extrafascicular phloem (EFP) as a defensive structure against herbivorous animals. Mechanical leaf injury was previously shown to induce a systemic wound response in the EFP of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Here, we demonstrate that the phloem antioxidant system and protein modifications by NO are strongly regulated during this process. Activities of the central antioxidant enzymes dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate reductase were rapidly down-regulated at 30 min with a second minimum at 24 h after wounding. As a consequence levels of total ascorbate and glutathione also decreased with similar bi-phasic kinetics. These results hint toward a wound-induced shift in the redox status of the EFP. Nitric oxide (NO) is another important player in stress-induced redox signaling in plants. Therefore, we analyzed NO-dependent protein modifications in the EFP. Six to forty eight hours after leaf damage total S-nitrosothiol content and protein S-nitrosylation were clearly reduced, which was contrasted by a pronounced increase in protein tyrosine nitration. Collectively, these findings suggest that NO-dependent S-nitrosylation turned into peroxynitrite-mediated protein nitration upon a stress-induced redox shift probably involving the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the EFP. Using the biotin switch assay and anti-nitrotyrosine antibodies we identified 9 candidate S-nitrosylated and 6 candidate tyrosine-nitrated phloem proteins. The wound-responsive Phloem Protein 16-1 (PP16-1) and Cyclophilin 18 (CYP18) as well as the 26.5 kD isoform of Phloem Protein 2 (PP2) were amenable to both NO modifications and could represent important redox-sensors within the cucurbit EFP. We also found that leaf injury triggered the systemic accumulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the EFP and discuss the possible function of this second messenger in systemic NO and redox signaling within the EFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra C. U. Furch
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena, Germany
| | - Matthias R. Zimmermann
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena, Germany
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | - Anja Buhtz
- Department Lothar Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Kehr
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University HamburgHamburg, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- Department of Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Kogel
- Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
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227
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Zaffagnini M, De Mia M, Morisse S, Di Giacinto N, Marchand CH, Maes A, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms: A comprehensive overview with future perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:952-66. [PMID: 26861774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and derivative reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play essential roles in cellular redox regulation mainly through protein S-nitrosylation, a redox post-translational modification in which specific cysteines are converted to nitrosothiols. SCOPE OF VIEW This review aims to discuss the current state of knowledge, as well as future perspectives, regarding protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS NO, synthesized by plants from different sources (nitrite, arginine), provides directly or indirectly the nitroso moiety of nitrosothiols. Biosynthesis, reactivity and scavenging systems of NO/RNS, determine the NO-based signaling including the rate of protein nitrosylation. Denitrosylation reactions compete with nitrosylation in setting the levels of nitrosylated proteins in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on a combination of proteomic, biochemical and genetic approaches, protein nitrosylation is emerging as a pervasive player in cell signaling networks. Specificity of protein nitrosylation and integration among different post-translational modifications are among the major challenges for future experimental studies in the redox biology field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaffagnini
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M De Mia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Morisse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N Di Giacinto
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C H Marchand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Maes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S D Lemaire
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - P Trost
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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228
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Bjornson M, Dandekar A, Dehesh K. Determinants of timing and amplitude in the plant general stress response. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:119-26. [PMID: 26108530 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved intricate signaling cascades to rapidly and effectively respond to biotic and abiotic challenges. The precise timing of these responses enables optimal resource reallocation to maintain the balance between stress adaptation and growth. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the immediate and long-term mechanisms regulating resource allocation is critical in deciphering how plants withstand environmental challenges. To date however, understanding of this tradeoff has focused on the amplitude of long-term responses, rather than the timing of rapid stress responses. This review presents current knowledge on kinetics of secondary messengers involved in regulation of rapid and general stress responses, followed by rapid stress responsive transduction machinery, and finally the transcriptional response of a functional general stress responsive cis-element. Within this context we discuss the role of timing of initial peak activation and later oscillating peak responses, and explore hormonal and stress signaling crosstalk confounding greater understanding of these cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bjornson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Abhaya Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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229
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Begara-Morales JC. Nitric oxide signalling in a CO2-enriched environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:560-561. [PMID: 26839220 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Begara-Morales
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
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230
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Manoli A, Trevisan S, Voigt B, Yokawa K, Baluška F, Quaggiotti S. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Maize Root Apex Responses to Nitrate are Regulated by Auxin and Strigolactones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1269. [PMID: 26834770 PMCID: PMC4722128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 (-)) is a key element for crop production but its levels in agricultural soils are limited. Plants have developed mechanisms to cope with these NO3 (-) fluctuations based on sensing nitrate at the root apex. Particularly, the transition zone (TZ) of root apex has been suggested as a signaling-response zone. This study dissects cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NO3 (-) resupply effects on primary root (PR) growth in maize, confirming nitric oxide (NO) as a putative modulator. Nitrate restoration induced PR elongation within the first 2 h, corresponding to a stimulation of cell elongation at the basal border of the TZ. Xyloglucans (XGs) immunolocalization together with Brefeldin A applications demonstrated that nitrate resupply induces XG accumulation. This effect was blocked by cPTIO (NO scavenger). Transcriptional analysis of ZmXET1 confirmed the stimulatory effect of nitrate on XGs accumulation in cells of the TZ. Immunolocalization analyses revealed a positive effect of nitrate resupply on auxin and PIN1 accumulation, but a transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis/transport/signaling genes was excluded. Short-term nitrate treatment repressed the transcription of genes involved in strigolactones (SLs) biosynthesis and transport, mainly in the TZ. Enhancement of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) transcription in presence of cPTIO indicated endogenous NO as a negative modulator of CCDs activity. Finally, treatment with the SLs-biosynthesis inhibitor (TIS108) restored the root growth in the nitrate-starved seedlings. Present report suggests that the NO-mediated root apex responses to nitrate are accomplished in cells of the TZ via integrative actions of auxin, NO and SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Manoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Boris Voigt
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Ken Yokawa
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
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231
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Kovacs I, Holzmeister C, Wirtz M, Geerlof A, Fröhlich T, Römling G, Kuruthukulangarakoola GT, Linster E, Hell R, Arnold GJ, Durner J, Lindermayr C. ROS-Mediated Inhibition of S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase Contributes to the Activation of Anti-oxidative Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1669. [PMID: 27891135 PMCID: PMC5102900 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a signaling molecule in plants being involved in diverse physiological processes like germination, root growth, stomata closing and response to biotic and abiotic stress. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) as a biological NO donor has a very important function in NO signaling since it can transfer its NO moiety to other proteins (trans-nitrosylation). Such trans-nitrosylation reactions are equilibrium reactions and depend on GSNO level. The breakdown of GSNO and thus the level of S-nitrosylated proteins are regulated by GSNO-reductase (GSNOR). In this way, this enzyme controls S-nitrosothiol levels and regulates NO signaling. Here we report that Arabidopsis thaliana GSNOR activity is reversibly inhibited by H2O2in vitro and by paraquat-induced oxidative stress in vivo. Light scattering analyses of reduced and oxidized recombinant GSNOR demonstrated that GSNOR proteins form dimers under both reducing and oxidizing conditions. Moreover, mass spectrometric analyses revealed that H2O2-treatment increased the amount of oxidative modifications on Zn2+-coordinating Cys47 and Cys177. Inhibition of GSNOR results in enhanced levels of S-nitrosothiols followed by accumulation of glutathione. Moreover, transcript levels of redox-regulated genes and activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes are increased in gsnor-ko plants, which may contribute to the enhanced resistance against oxidative stress. In sum, our results demonstrate that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent inhibition of GSNOR is playing an important role in activation of anti-oxidative mechanisms to damping oxidative damage and imply a direct crosstalk between ROS- and NO-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Kovacs
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Holzmeister
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Gaby Römling
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Gitto T. Kuruthukulangarakoola
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Eric Linster
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg J. Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Lindermayr,
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232
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Krasuska U, Andrzejczak O, Staszek P, Bogatek R, Gniazdowska A. Canavanine Alters ROS/RNS Level and Leads to Post-translational Modification of Proteins in Roots of Tomato Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:840. [PMID: 27379131 PMCID: PMC4905978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Canavanine (CAN), a structural analog of arginine (Arg), is used as a selective inhibitor of inducible NOS in mammals. CAN is incorporated into proteins' structure in the place of Arg, leading to the formation of aberrant compounds. This non-protein amino acid is found in legumes, e.g., Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. or Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. and acts as a strong toxin against herbivores or plants. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were treated for 24-72 h with CAN (10 or 50 μM) inhibiting root growth by 50 or 100%, without lethal effect. We determined ROS level/production in root extracts, fluorescence of DAF-FM and APF derivatives corresponding to RNS level in roots of tomato seedlings and linked CAN-induced restriction of root growth to the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins: carbonylation and nitration. Both PTMs are stable markers of nitro-oxidative stress, regarded as the plant's secondary response to phytotoxins. CAN enhanced H2O2 content and superoxide radicals generation in extracts of tomato roots and stimulated formation of protein carbonyl groups. An elevated level of carbonylated proteins was characteristic for the plants after 72 h of the culture, mainly for the roots exposed to 10 μM CAN. The proteolytic activity was stimulated by tested non-protein amino acid. CAN treatment led to decline of fluorescence of DAF-FM derivatives, and transiently stimulated fluorescence of APF derivatives. Short-term exposure of tomato seedlings to CAN lowered the protein nitration level. Activity of peroxidase, polyamine oxidase and NADPH oxidase, enzymes acting as modulators of H2O2 concentration and governing root architecture and growth were determined. Activities of all enzymes were stimulated by CAN, but no strict CAN concentration dependence was observed. We conclude, that although CAN treatment led to a decline in the nitric oxide level, PTMs observed in roots of plants exposed to CAN are linked rather to the formation of carbonyl groups than to nitration, and are detected particularly after 24 h. Thus, oxidative stress and oxidative modifications of proteins seems to be of significant importance in the rapid response of plants to CAN.
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233
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Mata-Pérez C, Begara-Morales JC, Chaki M, Sánchez-Calvo B, Valderrama R, Padilla MN, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Protein Tyrosine Nitration during Development and Abiotic Stress Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1699. [PMID: 27895655 PMCID: PMC5108813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of nitric oxide (NO) in plant systems has attracted the attention of many researchers. A growing number of investigations have shown the significance of NO as a signal molecule or as a molecule involved in the response against (a)biotic processes. NO can be responsible of the post-translational modifications (NO-PTM) of target proteins by mechanisms such as the nitration of tyrosine residues. The study of protein tyrosine nitration during development and under biotic and adverse environmental conditions has increased in the last decade; nevertheless, there is also an endogenous nitration which seems to have regulatory functions. Moreover, the advance in proteome techniques has enabled the identification of new nitrated proteins, showing the high variability among plant organs, development stage and species. Finally, it may be important to discern between a widespread protein nitration because of greater RNS content, and the specific nitration of key targets which could affect cell-signaling processes. In view of the above point, we present a mini-review that offers an update about the endogenous protein tyrosine nitration, during plant development and under several abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Juan C. Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Mounira Chaki
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - María N. Padilla
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, and Agro-Food, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Juan B. Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan B. Barroso,
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234
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Hichri I, Boscari A, Meilhoc E, Catalá M, Barreno E, Bruand C, Lanfranco L, Brouquisse R. Nitric Oxide: A Multitask Player in Plant–Microorganism Symbioses. GASOTRANSMITTERS IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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235
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B. Seabra A, C. Oliveira H. How nitric oxide donors can protect plants in a changing environment: what we know so far and perspectives. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.4.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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236
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237
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238
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Scuffi D, Lamattina L, García-Mata C. Decoding the Interaction Between Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide in Stomatal Movement. GASOTRANSMITTERS IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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239
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Blanquet P, Silva L, Catrice O, Bruand C, Carvalho H, Meilhoc E. Sinorhizobium meliloti Controls Nitric Oxide-Mediated Post-Translational Modification of a Medicago truncatula Nodule Protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:1353-63. [PMID: 26422404 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-15-0118-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in various plant-microbe interactions. In the symbiosis between soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti and model legume Medicago truncatula, NO is required for an optimal establishment of the interaction but is also a signal for nodule senescence. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for NO effects in the legume-rhizobium interaction. Here, we investigate the contribution of the bacterial NO response to the modulation of a plant protein post-translational modification in nitrogen-fixing nodules. We made use of different bacterial mutants to finely modulate NO levels inside M. truncatula root nodules and to examine the consequence on tyrosine nitration of the plant glutamine synthetase, a protein responsible for assimilation of the ammonia released by nitrogen fixation. Our results reveal that S. meliloti possesses several proteins that limit inactivation of plant enzyme activity via NO-mediated post-translational modifications. This is the first demonstration that rhizobia can impact the course of nitrogen fixation by modulating the activity of a plant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Blanquet
- 1 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- 2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, France; and
| | - Liliana Silva
- 3 Laboratório de Biologia Molecular da Assimilação do Azoto, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Olivier Catrice
- 1 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- 2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, France; and
| | - Claude Bruand
- 1 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- 2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, France; and
| | - Helena Carvalho
- 3 Laboratório de Biologia Molecular da Assimilação do Azoto, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eliane Meilhoc
- 1 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- 2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, France; and
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Cheng T, Chen J, Ef AA, Wang P, Wang G, Hu X, Shi J. Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and nitric oxide signaling enhance poplar defense against chilling stress. PLANTA 2015; 242:1361-90. [PMID: 26232921 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
NO acts as the essential signal to enhance poplar tolerance to chilling stress via antioxidant enzyme activities and protein S -nitrosylation modification, NO signal is also strictly controlled by S -nitrosoglutathione reductase and nitrate reductase to avoid the over-accumulation of reactive nitrogen species. Poplar (Populus trichocarpa) are fast growing woody plants with both ecological and economic value; however, the mechanisms by which poplar adapts to environmental stress are poorly understood. In this study, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification proteomic approach to characterize the response of poplar exposed to cold stress. We identified 114 proteins that were differentially expressed in plants exposed to cold stress. In particular, some of the proteins are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) metabolism. Further physiological analysis showed that nitric oxide (NO) signaling activated a series of downstream defense responses. We further demonstrated that NO activated antioxidant enzyme activities and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activities, which would reduce ROS and RNS toxicity and thereby enhance poplar tolerance to cold stress. Suppressing NO accumulation or GSNOR activity aggravated cold damage to poplar leaves. Moreover, our results showed that RNS can suppress the activities of GSNOR and NO nitrate reductase (NR) by S-nitrosylation to fine-tune the NO signal and modulate ROS levels by modulating the S-nitrosylation of ascorbate peroxidase protein. Hence, our data demonstrate that NO signaling activates multiple pathways that enhance poplar tolerances to cold stress, and that NO signaling is strictly controlled through protein post-translational modification by S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Abd Allah Ef
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Guangping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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241
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Simontacchi M, Galatro A, Ramos-Artuso F, Santa-María GE. Plant Survival in a Changing Environment: The Role of Nitric Oxide in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:977. [PMID: 26617619 PMCID: PMC4637419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide in plants may originate endogenously or come from surrounding atmosphere and soil. Interestingly, this gaseous free radical is far from having a constant level and varies greatly among tissues depending on a given plant's ontogeny and environmental fluctuations. Proper plant growth, vegetative development, and reproduction require the integration of plant hormonal activity with the antioxidant network, as well as the maintenance of concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within a narrow range. Plants are frequently faced with abiotic stress conditions such as low nutrient availability, salinity, drought, high ultraviolet (UV) radiation and extreme temperatures, which can influence developmental processes and lead to growth restriction making adaptive responses the plant's priority. The ability of plants to respond and survive under environmental-stress conditions involves sensing and signaling events where nitric oxide becomes a critical component mediating hormonal actions, interacting with reactive oxygen species, and modulating gene expression and protein activity. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the role of nitric oxide in adaptive plant responses to some specific abiotic stress conditions, particularly low mineral nutrient supply, drought, salinity and high UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Galatro
- Physical Chemistry – Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Ramos-Artuso
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo E. Santa-María
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Universidad Nacional de San MartínChascomús, Argentina
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242
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Wimalasekera R, Schaarschmidt F, Angelini R, Cona A, Tavladoraki P, Scherer GFE. POLYAMINE OXIDASE2 of Arabidopsis contributes to ABA mediated plant developmental processes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:231-40. [PMID: 26310141 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PA) are catabolised by two groups of amine oxidases, the copper-binding amine oxidases (CuAOs) and the FAD-binding polyamine oxidases (PAOs). Previously, we have shown that CuAO1 is involved in ABA associated growth responses and ABA- and PA-mediated rapid nitric oxide (NO) production. Here we report the differential regulation of expression of POLYAMINE OXIDASE2 of Arabidopsis (AtPAO2) in interaction with ABA, nitrate and ammonium. Without ABA treatment germination, cotyledon growth and fresh weight of pao2 knockdown mutants as well as PAO2OX over-expressor plants were comparable to those of the wild type (WT) plants irrespective of the N source. In the presence of ABA, in pao2 mutants cotyledon growth and fresh weights were more sensitive to inhibition by ABA while PAO2OX over-expressor plants showed a rather similar response to WT. When NO3(-) was the only N source primary root lengths and lateral root numbers were lower in pao2 mutants both without and with exogenous ABA. PAO2OX showed enhanced primary and lateral root growth in media with NO3(-) or NH4(+). Vigorous root growth of PAO2OX and the hypersensitivity of pao2 mutants to ABA suggest a positive function of AtPAO2 in root growth. ABA-induced NO production in pao2 mutants was lower indicating a potential contributory function of AtPAO2 in NO-mediated effects on root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinukshi Wimalasekera
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section of Molecular Developmental Physiology, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Schaarschmidt
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Biostatistics, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Riccardo Angelini
- Department of Science, University 'Roma Tre', Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cona
- Department of Science, University 'Roma Tre', Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Parasklevi Tavladoraki
- Department of Science, University 'Roma Tre', Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Günther F E Scherer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section of Molecular Developmental Physiology, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
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243
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Krasuska U, Dębska K, Otulak K, Bogatek R, Gniazdowska A. Switch from heterotrophy to autotrophy of apple cotyledons depends on NO signal. PLANTA 2015; 242:1221-36. [PMID: 26186967 PMCID: PMC4568022 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
NO accelerates transition of germinated embryos from heterotrophy to autotrophy by stimulation of chloroplasts maturation. NO-mediated autotrophy of apple seedlings correlates to increased content of RuBisCO small subunit and improvement of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as signaling molecule involved in regulation of various physiological processes in plants, although its involvement in cotyledons greening is poorly recognized. To identify the importance of NO signal for plant growth and development we investigated the effects of short-term application of NO at various developmental stages of seedlings of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on cotyledons' chlorophyll a to b ratio, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic activity, carbohydrates and RuBisCO both subunits content. NO-dependent biochemical alterations were linked to cytological observation of developing plastids in cotyledons of apple plants. Abnormal plantlets developing from dormant apple embryos are characterized by anatomical malformations of cotyledons. Short-term pre-treatment with NO of isolated embryos or seedlings with developmental anomalies resulted in formation of plants with cotyledons of equal size and chlorophyll content; these responses were blocked by NO scavenger. NO independently of time point of application accelerated embryos transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy by stimulation of photosynthetic activity, improvement of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence (F v/F m, F v/F 0) and increased content of RuBisCO small subunit. Further analysis showed that NO application modified glucose and hydrogen peroxide concentration in cotyledons. Beneficial effect of NO on development of seedlings without any abnormalities was manifested at ultrastructural level by decline in amount of proplastids and induction of formation and maturation of chloroplasts. Our data suggest that progress of autotrophy of young seedlings is governed by NO acting as stimulator of chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Krasuska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Dębska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Otulak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Renata Bogatek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gniazdowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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244
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Kashyap P, Sehrawat A, Deswal R. Nitric oxide modulates Lycopersicon esculentum C-repeat binding factor 1 (LeCBF1) transcriptionally as well as post-translationally by nitrosylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:115-123. [PMID: 26255539 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production increases in the cold stress. This cold enhanced NO manifests its effect either by regulating the gene expression or by modulating proteins by NO based post-translational modifications (PTMs) including S-nitrosylation. CBF (C-repeat binding factor) dependent cold stress signaling is most studied cold stress-signaling pathway in plants. SNP (sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor) treatment to tomato seedlings showed four fold induction of LeCBF1 (a cold inducible CBF) transcript in cold stress. S-nitrosylation as PTM of CBF has not been analyzed till date. In silico analysis using GPS-SNO 1.0 software predicted Cys 68 as the probable site for nitrosylation in LeCBF1. The 3D structure and motif prediction showed it to be present in the beta hairpin loop and hence available for S-nitrosylation. LeCBF1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. LeCBF1 accumulated in the inclusion bodies, which were solubilized under denaturing conditions and purified after on column refolding by Ni-NTA His tag affinity chromatography. Purified LeCBF1 resolved as a 34 kDa spot with a slightly basic pI (8.3) on a 2-D gel. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified it as LeCBF1 and western blotting using anti-LeCBF1 antibodies confirmed its purification. Biotin switch assay and neutravidin affinity chromatography showed LeCBF1 to be S-nitrosylated in presence of GSNO (NO donor) as well as endogenously (without donor) in cold stress treated tomato seedlings. Dual regulation of LeCBF1 by NO at both transcriptional as well as post-translational level (by S-nitrosylation) is shown for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti Kashyap
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ankita Sehrawat
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Renu Deswal
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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245
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Royo B, Moran JF, Ratcliffe RG, Gupta KJ. Nitric oxide induces the alternative oxidase pathway in Arabidopsis seedlings deprived of inorganic phosphate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6273-80. [PMID: 26163703 PMCID: PMC4588884 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation compromises electron flow through the cytochrome pathway of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and plants commonly respond to phosphate deprivation by increasing flow through the alternative oxidase (AOX). To test whether this response is linked to the increase in nitric oxide (NO) production that also increases under phosphate starvation, Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were grown for 15 d on media containing either 0 or 1mM inorganic phosphate. The effects of the phosphate supply on growth, the production of NO, respiration, the AOX level and the production of superoxide were compared for wild-type (WT) seedlings and the nitrate reductase double mutant nia. Phosphate deprivation increased NO production in WT roots, and the AOX level and the capacity of the alternative pathway to consume electrons in WT seedlings; whereas the same treatment failed to stimulate NO production and AOX expression in the nia mutant, and the plants had an altered growth phenotype. The NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione rescued the growth phenotype of the nia mutants under phosphate deprivation to some extent, and it also increased the respiratory capacity of AOX. It is concluded that NO is required for the induction of the AOX pathway when seedlings are grown under phosphate-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Royo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK Institute of Agrobiotechnology, IdAB-CSIC-Public University of Navarre-Government of Navarre, Avda. Pamplona 123, E-31192, Mutilva, Navarre, Spain
| | - Jose F Moran
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, IdAB-CSIC-Public University of Navarre-Government of Navarre, Avda. Pamplona 123, E-31192, Mutilva, Navarre, Spain
| | - R George Ratcliffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Kapuganti J Gupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
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246
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Santisree P, Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Sharma KK. NO to drought-multifunctional role of nitric oxide in plant drought: Do we have all the answers? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:44-55. [PMID: 26398790 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile gaseous signaling molecule with increasing significance in plant research due to its association with various stress responses. Although, improved drought tolerance by NO is associated greatly with its ability to reduce stomatal opening and oxidative stress, it can immensely influence other physiological processes such as photosynthesis, proline accumulation and seed germination under water deficit. NO as a free radical can directly alter proteins, enzyme activities, gene transcription, and post-translational modifications that benefit functional recovery from drought. The present drought-mitigating strategies have focused on exogenous application of NO donors for exploring the associated physiological and molecular events, transgenic and mutant studies, but are inadequate. Considering the biphasic effects of NO, a cautious deployment is necessary along with a systematic approach for deciphering positively regulated responses to avoid any cytotoxic effects. Identification of NO target molecules and in-depth analysis of its effects under realistic field drought conditions should be an upmost priority. This detailed synthesis on the role of NO offers new insights on its functions, signaling, regulation, interactions and co-existence with different drought-related events providing future directions for exploiting this molecule towards improving drought tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parankusam Santisree
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, Telangana, India.
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Kiran K Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, Telangana, India
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247
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Kaur G, Singh HP, Batish DR, Mahajan P, Kohli RK, Rishi V. Exogenous Nitric Oxide (NO) Interferes with Lead (Pb)-Induced Toxicity by Detoxifying Reactive Oxygen Species in Hydroponically Grown Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Roots. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138713. [PMID: 26402793 PMCID: PMC4581626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a bioactive signaling molecule that mediates a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the role of NO (as SNP [sodium nitroprusside]) in ameliorating lead (Pb)-toxicity in Triticum aestivum (wheat) roots. Pb (50 and 250 μM) alone and in combination with SNP (100 μM) was given to hydroponically grown wheat roots for a period of 0-8 h. NO supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, hydroxyl ions and superoxide anion) and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat roots particularly up to 6 h, thereby suggesting its role as an antioxidant. NO ameliorated Pb-induced membrane damage in wheat roots as evidenced by decreased ion-leakage and in situ histochemical localization. Pb-exposure significantly decreased in vivo NO level. The study concludes that exogenous NO partially ameliorates Pb-toxicity, but could not restore the plant growth on prolonged Pb-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Daizy R. Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Priyanka Mahajan
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | | | - Valbha Rishi
- Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh-160019, India
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248
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Chaki M, Álvarez de Morales P, Ruiz C, Begara-Morales JC, Barroso JB, Corpas FJ, Palma JM. Ripening of pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit is characterized by an enhancement of protein tyrosine nitration. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:637-47. [PMID: 25814060 PMCID: PMC4577987 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pepper (Capsicum annuum, Solanaceae) fruits are consumed worldwide and are of great economic importance. In most species ripening is characterized by important visual and metabolic changes, the latter including emission of volatile organic compounds associated with respiration, destruction of chlorophylls, synthesis of new pigments (red/yellow carotenoids plus xanthophylls and anthocyanins), formation of pectins and protein synthesis. The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in fruit ripening has been established, but more work is needed to detail the metabolic networks involving NO and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the process. It has been reported that RNS can mediate post-translational modifications of proteins, which can modulate physiological processes through mechanisms of cellular signalling. This study therefore examined the potential role of NO in nitration of tyrosine during the ripening of California sweet pepper. METHODS The NO content of green and red pepper fruit was determined spectrofluorometrically. Fruits at the breaking point between green and red coloration were incubated in the presence of NO for 1 h and then left to ripen for 3 d. Profiles of nitrated proteins were determined using an antibody against nitro-tyrosine (NO2-Tyr), and profiles of nitrosothiols were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Nitrated proteins were identified by 2-D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. KEY RESULTS Treatment with NO delayed the ripening of fruit. An enhancement of nitrosothiols and nitroproteins was observed in fruit during ripening, and this was reversed by the addition of exogenous NO gas. Six nitrated proteins were identified and were characterized as being involved in redox, protein, carbohydrate and oxidative metabolism, and in glutamate biosynthesis. Catalase was the most abundant nitrated protein found in both green and red fruit. CONCLUSIONS The RNS profile reported here indicates that ripening of pepper fruit is characterized by an enhancement of S-nitrosothiols and protein tyrosine nitration. The nitrated proteins identified have important functions in photosynthesis, generation of NADPH, proteolysis, amino acid biosynthesis and oxidative metabolism. The decrease of catalase in red fruit implies a lower capacity to scavenge H2O2, which would promote lipid peroxidation, as has already been reported in ripe pepper fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Chaki
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, 18008 Granada, Spain and
| | - Paz Álvarez de Morales
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, 18008 Granada, Spain and
| | - Carmelo Ruiz
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, 18008 Granada, Spain and
| | - Juan C Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, 18008 Granada, Spain and
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, 18008 Granada, Spain and
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249
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Trevisan S, Manoli A, Ravazzolo L, Botton A, Pivato M, Masi A, Quaggiotti S. Nitrate sensing by the maize root apex transition zone: a merged transcriptomic and proteomic survey. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3699-715. [PMID: 25911739 PMCID: PMC4473975 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an essential nutrient for plants, and crops depend on its availability for growth and development, but its presence in agricultural soils is far from stable. In order to overcome nitrate fluctuations in soil, plants have developed adaptive mechanisms allowing them to grow despite changes in external nitrate availability. Nitrate can act as both nutrient and signal, regulating global gene expression in plants, and the root tip has been proposed as the sensory organ. A set of genome-wide studies has demonstrated several nitrate-regulated genes in the roots of many plants, although only a few studies have been carried out on distinct root zones. To unravel new details of the transcriptomic and proteomic responses to nitrate availability in a major food crop, a double untargeted approach was conducted on a transition zone-enriched root portion of maize seedlings subjected to differing nitrate supplies. The results highlighted a complex transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming that occurs in response to nitrate, emphasizing the role of this root zone in sensing and transducing nitrate signal. Our findings indicated a relationship of nitrate with biosynthesis and signalling of several phytohormones, such as auxin, strigolactones, and brassinosteroids. Moreover, the already hypothesized involvement of nitric oxide in the early response to nitrate was confirmed with the use of nitric oxide inhibitors. Our results also suggested that cytoskeleton activation and cell wall modification occurred in response to nitrate provision in the transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alessandro Manoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Laura Ravazzolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alessandro Botton
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Micaela Pivato
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy Proteomics Centre of Padova University, VIMM and Padova University Hospital, Via Giuseppe Orus, 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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250
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Perotti JC, da Silva Rodrigues-Corrêa KC, Fett-Neto AG. Control of resin production in Araucaria angustifolia, an ancient South American conifer. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:852-9. [PMID: 25545585 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Araucaria angustifolia is an ancient slow-growing conifer that characterises parts of the Southern Atlantic Forest biome, currently listed as a critically endangered species. The species also produces bark resin, although the factors controlling its resinosis are largely unknown. To better understand this defence-related process, we examined the resin exudation response of A. angustifolia upon treatment with well-known chemical stimulators used in fast-growing conifers producing both bark and wood resin, such as Pinus elliottii. The initial hypothesis was that A. angustifolia would display significant differences in the regulation of resinosis. The effect of Ethrel(®) (ET - ethylene precursor), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), sulphuric acid (SuA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP - nitric oxide donor) on resin yield and composition in young plants of A. angustifolia was examined. In at least one of the concentrations tested, and frequently in more than one, an aqueous glycerol solution applied on fresh wound sites of the stem with one or more of the adjuvants examined promoted an increase in resin yield, as well as monoterpene concentration (α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene and limonene). Higher yields and longer exudation periods were observed with JA and ET, another feature shared with Pinus resinosis. The results suggest that resinosis control is similar in Araucaria and Pinus. In addition, A. angustifolia resin may be a relevant source of valuable terpene chemicals, whose production may be increased by using stimulating pastes containing the identified adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Perotti
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - K C da Silva Rodrigues-Corrêa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A G Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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