201
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Naoun AA, Raphael I, Forsthuber TG. Immunoregulation via Cell Density and Quorum Sensing-like Mechanisms: An Underexplored Emerging Field with Potential Translational Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152442. [PMID: 35954285 PMCID: PMC9368058 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) was historically described as a mechanism by which bacteria detect and optimize their population density via gene regulation based on dynamic environmental cues. Recently, it was proposed that QS or similar mechanisms may have broader applications across different species and cell types. Indeed, emerging evidence shows that the mammalian immune system can also elicit coordinated responses on a population level to regulate cell density and function, thus suggesting that QS-like mechanisms may also be a beneficial trait of the immune system. In this review, we explore and discuss potential QS-like mechanisms deployed by the immune system to coordinate cellular-level responses, such as T cell responses mediated via the common gamma chain (γc) receptor cytokines and the aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). We present evidence regarding a novel role of QS as a multifunctional mechanism coordinating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell behavior during steady state and in response to infection, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Successful clinical therapies such as adoptive cell transfer for cancer treatment may be re-evaluated to harness the effects of the QS mechanism(s) and enhance treatment responsiveness. Moreover, we discuss how signaling threshold perturbations through QS-like mediators may result in disturbances of the complex crosstalk between immune cell populations, undesired T cell responses, and induction of autoimmune pathology. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of modulating immune-system-related QS as a promising avenue to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Naoun
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
| | - Thomas G. Forsthuber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
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202
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Shenoy MK, Koch MA. Twice the tolerance. Science 2022; 377:575-576. [PMID: 35926048 DOI: 10.1126/science.add7145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A gut microbiota-derived antigen elicits distinct subsets of regulatory T cells to suppress inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera K Shenoy
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meghan A Koch
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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203
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Bousbaine D, Fisch LI, London M, Bhagchandani P, Rezende de Castro TB, Mimee M, Olesen S, Reis BS, VanInsberghe D, Bortolatto J, Poyet M, Cheloha RW, Sidney J, Ling J, Gupta A, Lu TK, Sette A, Alm EJ, Moon JJ, Victora GD, Mucida D, Ploegh HL, Bilate AM. A conserved Bacteroidetes antigen induces anti-inflammatory intestinal T lymphocytes. Science 2022; 377:660-666. [PMID: 35926021 PMCID: PMC9766740 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome contributes to the development and maturation of the immune system. In response to commensal bacteria, intestinal CD4+ T lymphocytes differentiate into functional subtypes with regulatory or effector functions. The development of small intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes that coexpress CD4 and CD8αα homodimers (CD4IELs) depends on the microbiota. However, the identity of the microbial antigens recognized by CD4+ T cells that can differentiate into CD4IELs remains unknown. We identified β-hexosaminidase, a conserved enzyme across commensals of the Bacteroidetes phylum, as a driver of CD4IEL differentiation. In a mouse model of colitis, β-hexosaminidase-specific lymphocytes protected against intestinal inflammation. Thus, T cells of a single specificity can recognize a variety of abundant commensals and elicit a regulatory immune response at the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djenet Bousbaine
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura I Fisch
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariya London
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Preksha Bhagchandani
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tiago B Rezende de Castro
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Mimee
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Olesen
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bernardo S Reis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David VanInsberghe
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juliana Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathilde Poyet
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ross W Cheloha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Ling
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Gupta
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Alm
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angelina M Bilate
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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204
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Zhao X, Jiang L, Fang X, Guo Z, Wang X, Shi B, Meng Q. Host-microbiota interaction-mediated resistance to inflammatory bowel disease in pigs. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:115. [PMID: 35907917 PMCID: PMC9338544 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease resistance phenotypes are associated with immune regulatory functions and immune tolerance and have implications for both the livestock industry and human health. Microbiota plays an essential role in regulating immunity and autoimmunity in the host organism, but the influence of host-microbiota interactions on disease resistance phenotypes remains unclear. Here, multiomics analysis was performed to identify potential regulatory mechanisms of disease resistance at both the microbiome and host levels in two pig breeds. RESULTS Acute colitis models were established in Min pigs and Yorkshire pigs, and control and diseased individuals were compared. Compared with Yorkshire pigs under the same nutritional and management conditions, Min pigs exhibited strong disease resistance, as indicated by a low disease activity index (DAI) and a low histological activity index (HAI). Microbiota sequencing analysis showed that potentially harmful microbes Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides and Streptococcus were enriched in diseased individuals of the two breeds. Notably, potentially beneficial microbes, such as Lactobacillus, Clostridia and Eubacterium, and several genera belonging to Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae were enriched in diseased Min pigs and were found to be positively associated with the microbial metabolites related to intestinal barrier function. Specifically, the concentrations of indole derivatives and short-chain fatty acids were increased in diseased Min pigs, suggesting beneficial action in protecting intestinal barrier. In addition, lower concentrations of bile acid metabolites and short-chain fatty acids were observed in diseased Yorkshire pigs, which were associated with increased potentially harmful microbes, such as Bilophila and Alistipes. Concerning enrichment of the immune response, the increase in CD4+ T cells in the lamina propria improved supervision of the host immunity response in diseased Min pigs, contributing to the maintenance of Th2-type immune superiority and immune tolerance patterns and control of excessive inflammation with the help of potentially beneficial microbes. In diseased Yorkshire pigs, more terms belonging to biological processes of immunity were enriched, including Toll-like receptors signalling, NF-κB signalling and Th1 and Th17-type immune responses, along with the increases of potentially harmful microbes and damaged intestinal barrier. CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively, the results for the two pig breeds highlight that host-microbiota crosstalk promotes a disease resistance phenotype in three ways: by maintaining partial PRR nonactivation, maintaining Th2-type immune superiority and immunological tolerance patterns and recovering gut barrier function to protect against colonic diseases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyu Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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205
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Huang Y, Liu L, Hao Z, Chen L, Yang Q, Xiong X, Deng Y. Potential roles of gut microbial tryptophan metabolites in the complex pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:942027. [PMID: 35966699 PMCID: PMC9363916 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.942027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which the influence of gut microbiota has been implicated but without clarification of mechanisms. Gut microbiota may exert such an influence via metabolites, particularly those of tryptophan. End metabolites of tryptophan activate receptors, including aryl hydrocarbon, G protein-coupled, and pregnane X receptors to stabilize the immune microenvironment and intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Any impact on the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris remains unclear. The current review collates recent advances concerning potential roles of tryptophan metabolism in mediating skin inflammation, follicular sebaceous gland function and intestinal permeability, all of which influence the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. The aim was to improve understanding of the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and to expose therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Huang
- Department of Dermatology and STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Dermatology and STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Hao
- Department of Dermatology and STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lingna Chen
- Department of Dermatology and STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Yang,
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology and STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Xia Xiong,
| | - Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology and STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Yongqiong Deng,
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206
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Zhao H, Wang D, Zhang Z, Xian J, Bai X. Effect of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Enemy or Friend? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154799. [PMID: 35956752 PMCID: PMC9369921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by hundreds of billions of commensal microbiota that collectively produce thousands of small molecules and metabolites with local and systemic effects on the physiology of the host. Much evidence from preclinical to clinical studies has gradually confirmed that the gut microbiota can regulate anti-tumor immunity and affect the efficacy of cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. In particular, one of the main modes of gut microbiota regulating anti-tumor immunity is through metabolites, which are small molecules that can be transported in the body and act on local and systemic anti-tumor immune responses to promote ICIs immunotherapy efficacy. We discuss the functions of microbial metabolites in humans, focusing on the effects and mechanisms of microbial metabolites on immunotherapy, and analyze their potential applications as immune adjuvants and therapeutic targets to regulate immunity and enhance ICIs. In summary, this review provides the basis for the rational design of microbiota and microbial metabolite-based strategies of enhancing ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Zhao
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, China;
| | - Zhifu Zhang
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaosu Bai
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-755-29407559
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207
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Su X, Gao Y, Yang R. Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152296. [PMID: 35892593 PMCID: PMC9330295 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid from dietary proteins. It can be metabolized into different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. Tryptophan metabolites such as indole-3-lactate (ILA), indole-3-acrylate (IAC), indole-3-propionate (IPA), indole-3-aldehyde (IAID), indoleacetic acid (IAA), indole-3-acetaldehyde and Kyn can be produced by intestinal microorganisms through direct Trp transformation and also, partly, the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. These metabolites play a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of the gut and systematic immunity and also potentially affect the occurrence and development of diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, tumors, obesity and metabolic syndrome, diseases in the nervous system, infectious diseases, vascular inflammation and cardiovascular diseases and hepatic fibrosis. They can not only promote the differentiation and function of anti-inflammatory macrophages, Treg cells, CD4+CD8αα+ regulatory cells, IL-10+ and/or IL-35+B regulatory cells but also IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells 3 (ILC3), which are involved in maintaining the gut mucosal homeostasis. These findings have important consequences in the immunotherapy against tumor and other immune-associated diseases. We will summarize here the recent advances in understanding the generation and regulation of tryptophan metabolites in the gut microbiota, the role of gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites in different immune cells, the occurrence and development of diseases and immunotherapy against immune-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.S.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.S.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.S.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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208
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Zhu JJ, Stenfeldt C, Bishop EA, Canter JA, Eschbaumer M, Rodriguez LL, Arzt J. Inferred Causal Mechanisms of Persistent FMDV Infection in Cattle from Differential Gene Expression in the Nasopharyngeal Mucosa. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080822. [PMID: 35894045 PMCID: PMC9329776 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can persistently infect pharyngeal epithelia in ruminants but not in pigs. Our previous studies demonstrated that persistent FMDV infection in cattle was associated with under-expression of several chemokines that recruit immune cells. This report focuses on the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified during the transitional phase of infection, defined as the period when animals diverge between becoming carriers or terminators. During this phase, Th17-stimulating cytokines (IL6 and IL23A) and Th17-recruiting chemokines (CCL14 and CCL20) were upregulated in animals that were still infected (transitional carriers) compared to those that had recently cleared infection (terminators), whereas chemokines recruiting neutrophils and CD8+ T effector cells (CCL3 and ELR+CXCLs) were downregulated. Upregulated Th17-specific receptor, CCR6, and Th17-associated genes, CD146, MIR155, and ThPOK, suggested increased Th17 cell activity in transitional carriers. However, a complex interplay of the Th17 regulatory axis was indicated by non-significant upregulation of IL17A and downregulation of IL17F, two hallmarks of TH17 activity. Other DEG suggested that transitional carriers had upregulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), non-canonical NFκB signaling, and downregulated canonical NFκB signaling. The results described herein provide novel insights into the mechanisms of establishment of FMDV persistence. Additionally, the fact that ruminants, unlike pigs, produce a large amount of AHR ligands suggests a plausible explanation of why FMDV persists in ruminants, but not in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Zhu
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.Z.); (J.A.); Tel.: +1-631-323-3340 (J.J.Z.); +1-631-323-4421 (J.A.); Fax: +1-631-323-3006 (J.A.)
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Bishop
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
| | - Jessica A. Canter
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Michael Eschbaumer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.Z.); (J.A.); Tel.: +1-631-323-3340 (J.J.Z.); +1-631-323-4421 (J.A.); Fax: +1-631-323-3006 (J.A.)
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209
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Wu S, Liu M, Chen H, Song Q, Wu Z, Dai Z. Tryptophan regulates bile and nitrogen metabolism in two pig gut lactobacilli species in vitro based on metabolomics study. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1421-1435. [PMID: 35838843 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that tryptophan (Trp) regulated the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. However, the detailed mode of action of Trp on the metabolism of intestinal commensal lactobacilli has not been well characterized. This study aimed to compare the effects of Trp concentration (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mmol/L) in the media on the metabolism of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Limosilactobacillus mucosae isolated from the small intestine of piglets in vitro by high-performance liquid chromatography and metabolomics study. Results showed that increased Trp concentration increased (P < 0.05) net utilization of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, asparagine/aspartate, glutamine/glutamate, however, increased net production of glycine and taurine in Lac. amylovorus. In contrast, increased Trp concentration decreased (P < 0.05) net utilization of leucine, phenylalanine, and serine and increased (P < 0.05) net utilization of arginine and net production of ornithine and glycine in Lim. mucosae. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that increased Trp concentration promoted (P < 0.05) the production of indole-3-lactic acid and 3-indoleacetic acid in the two lactobacilli strains. Increased concentration of Trp increased (P < 0.01) glycochenodeoxycholic acid metabolism in Lim. mucosae and glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid metabolism in Lac. amylovorus. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that metabolic pathways related to phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were regulated by Trp in Lim. mucosae. These findings will help develop new biomarkers and dietary strategies to maintain the functionality of the gut microbiota aiming at improving the nutrition and health of both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Moyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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210
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Pandey SP, Bender MJ, McPherson AC, Phelps CM, Sanchez LM, Rana M, Hedden L, Sangani KA, Chen L, Shapira JH, Siller M, Goel C, Verdú EF, Jabri B, Chang A, Chandran UR, Mullett SJ, Wendell SG, Singhi AD, Tilstra JS, Pierre JF, Arteel GE, Hinterleitner R, Meisel M. Tet2 deficiency drives liver microbiome dysbiosis triggering Tc1 cell autoimmune hepatitis. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1003-1019.e10. [PMID: 35658976 PMCID: PMC9841318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The triggers that drive interferon-γ (IFNγ)-producing CD8 T cell (Tc1 cell)-mediated autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain obscure. Here, we show that lack of hematopoietic Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2), an epigenetic regulator associated with autoimmunity, results in the development of microbiota-dependent AIH-like pathology, accompanied by hepatic enrichment of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand-producing pathobionts and rampant Tc1 cell immunity. We report that AIH-like disease development is dependent on both IFNγ and AhR signaling, as blocking either reverts ongoing AIH-like pathology. Illustrating the critical role of AhR-ligand-producing pathobionts in this condition, hepatic translocation of the AhR ligand indole-3-aldehyde (I3A)-releasing Lactobacillus reuteri is sufficient to trigger AIH-like pathology. Finally, we demonstrate that I3A is required for L. reuteri-induced Tc1 cell differentiation in vitro and AIH-like pathology in vivo, both of which are restrained by Tet2 within CD8 T cells. This AIH-disease model may contribute to the development of therapeutics to alleviate AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Pandey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Bender
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex C McPherson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelps
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mohit Rana
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee Hedden
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kishan A Sangani
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jake H Shapira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magdalena Siller
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chhavi Goel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena F Verdú
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy S Tilstra
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reinhard Hinterleitner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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211
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Fang Z, Pan T, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W, Lu W. Limosilactobacillus reuteri Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis via Changes in Gut Bacteria and Indole Derivatives from Tryptophan Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147735. [PMID: 35887083 PMCID: PMC9320942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria are closely associated with the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) due to their immunoregulatory function. Indole derivatives, produced by gut bacteria metabolizing tryptophan, are ligands to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which plays a critical role in attenuating AD symptoms. Limosilactobacillus reuteri, a producer of indole derivatives, regulates mucosal immunity via activating the AHR signaling pathway. However, the effective substance and mechanism of L. reuteri in the amelioration of AD remain to be elucidated. In this research, we found that L. reuteri DYNDL22M62 significantly improved AD-like symptoms in mice by suppressing IgE levels and the expressions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-4, and IL-5. L. reuteri DYNDL22M62 induced an increase in the production of indole lactic acid (ILA) and indole propionic acid (IPA) via targeted tryptophan metabolic analysis and the expression of AHR in mice. Furthermore, L. reuteri DYNDL22M62 increased the proportions of Romboutsia and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, which were positively related to ILA, but decreased Dubosiella, which was negatively related to IPA. Collectively, L. reuteri DYNDL22M62 with the role of modulating gut bacteria and the production of indole derivatives may attenuate AD via activating AHR in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.F.); (T.P.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.F.); (T.P.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.F.); (T.P.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.F.); (T.P.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.F.); (T.P.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.F.); (T.P.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.F.); (T.P.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.F.); (T.P.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- Correspondence:
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212
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Andreatta M, Tjitropranoto A, Sherman Z, Kelly MC, Ciucci T, Carmona SJ. A CD4 + T cell reference map delineates subtype-specific adaptation during acute and chronic viral infections. eLife 2022; 11:e76339. [PMID: 35829695 PMCID: PMC9323004 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are critical orchestrators of immune responses against a large variety of pathogens, including viruses. While multiple CD4+ T cell subtypes and their key transcriptional regulators have been identified, there is a lack of consistent definition for CD4+ T cell transcriptional states. In addition, the progressive changes affecting CD4+ T cell subtypes during and after immune responses remain poorly defined. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we characterized the diversity of CD4+ T cells responding to self-resolving and chronic viral infections in mice. We built a comprehensive map of virus-specific CD4+ T cells and their evolution over time, and identified six major cell states consistently observed in acute and chronic infections. During the course of acute infections, T cell composition progressively changed from effector to memory states, with subtype-specific gene modules and kinetics. Conversely, in persistent infections T cells acquired distinct, chronicity-associated programs. By single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) analysis, we characterized the clonal structure of virus-specific CD4+ T cells across individuals. Virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses were essentially private across individuals and most T cells differentiated into both Tfh and Th1 subtypes irrespective of their TCR. Finally, we showed that our CD4+ T cell map can be used as a reference to accurately interpret cell states in external single-cell datasets across tissues and disease models. Overall, this study describes a previously unappreciated level of adaptation of the transcriptional states of CD4+ T cells responding to viruses and provides a new computational resource for CD4+ T cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Andreatta
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Agora Cancer Research CenterLausanneSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ariel Tjitropranoto
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of RochesterRochesterUnited States
| | - Zachary Sherman
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of RochesterRochesterUnited States
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederickUnited States
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of RochesterRochesterUnited States
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Santiago J Carmona
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Agora Cancer Research CenterLausanneSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
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213
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Jia L, Wu J, Lei Y, Kong F, Zhang R, Sun J, Wang L, Li Z, Shi J, Wang Y, Wei Y, Zhang K, Lei Z. Oregano Essential Oils Mediated Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites and Improved Growth Performance and Intestinal Barrier Function in Sheep. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908015. [PMID: 35903106 PMCID: PMC9314563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased demand for safe and sustainable alternatives to growth promoting antibiotics in the livestock industry, oregano essential oils (OEO) and Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) have been examined as alternatives to antibiotics for growth promotion and to improve animal health and performance. However, the mechanism underlying the OEO and LR mediation of sheep growth remains unknown. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were used to determine the role of the gut microbiota in the growth improvements observed. The potential modulating roles of intestinal microbial metabolites of OEO and LR to intestinal health were systematically explored as well. It was observed that both OEO and LR had greater average daily gain (ADG) and lower F/G ratio. Furthermore, OEO also appeared to have produced a greater amylase enzyme activity and mucin gene expression in the jejunal mucosa. It was also observed that OEO reduced serum IL-2 and TNF-β as well as mRNA levels of NF-κB p65, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and IL-6 in the jejunal mucosa. Moreover, dietary OEO supplementation increased the abundances of Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus, while the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum, Marvinbryantia and Streptococcus were enriched in LR group. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus and Enterococcus were positively correlated with the mRNA expression of mucins. Moreover, the relative abundance of Enterococcus was positively correlated with amylase activity. Metabolomics analysis indicated that OEO and LR increased the levels of indole acetaldehyde and indole-3-acetic acid through the tryptophan metabolism pathway. It was observed that LR also decreased the inflammatory metabolites including tryptamine and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. Collectively, these results suggested that OEO exerted a beneficial effect on growth performance and the mucosal barrier, affected tryptophan metabolism and improved the intestinal microbiota of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zemin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yubing Wei
- The Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in Pingshan Lake Mongolian Township of Ganzhou District, Zhangye, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaomin Lei,
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214
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Zhao Y, Wu X, Wu C, Meng R, Gu Y, Xiao X. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of fermented barley with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy-1. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2022.2092871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ranhui Meng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoguang Gu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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215
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Christovich A, Luo XM. Gut Microbiota, Leaky Gut, and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946248. [PMID: 35833129 PMCID: PMC9271567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of autoimmune diseases, the role of the environment, specifically the gut microbiota, in disease development has grown to be a major area of study. Recent advances show a relationship and possible cause and effect between the gut microbiota and the initiation or exacerbation of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, microbial dysbiosis and leaky gut are frequent phenomena in both human autoimmune diseases and the murine autoimmunity models. This review will focus on literature in recent years concerning the gut microbiota and leaky gut in relation to the autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christovich
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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216
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Xu HM, Xu J, Yang MF, Liang YJ, Peng QZ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Nie YQ, Wang LS, Yao J, Li DF. Epigenetic DNA methylation of Zbtb7b regulates the population of double-positive CD4 +CD8 + T cells in ulcerative colitis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:289. [PMID: 35761286 PMCID: PMC9235105 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a heterogeneous disorder with complex pathogenesis. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to assess genome-wide DNA methylation changes associated explicitly with the pathogenesis of UC. METHODS DNA methylation changes were identified by comparing UC tissues with healthy controls (HCs) from the GEO databases. The candidate genes were obtained and verified in clinical samples. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanism related to Zbtb7b in the pathogenesis of UC was explored using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis from GEO databases confirmed that Zbtb7b, known as Th-inducing POZ-Kruppel factor (ThPOK), was demethylated in UC tissues. Then, we demonstrated that Zbtb7b was in a hypo-methylation pattern through the DSS-induced colitis model (P = 0.0357), whereas the expression of Zbtb7b at the mRNA and protein levels was significantly up-regulated in the inflamed colonic tissues of UC patients (qRT-PCR, WB, IHC: P < 0.0001, P = 0.0079, P < 0.0001) and DSS-induced colitis model (qRT-PCR, WB, IHC: P < 0.0001, P = 0.0045, P = 0.0004). Moreover, the expression of Zbtb7b was positively associated with the degree of UC activity. Mechanically, over-expression of Zbtb7b might activate the maturation of CD4+T cells (FCM, IF: P = 0.0240, P = 0.0003) and repress the differentiation of double-positive CD4+CD8+T (DP CD4+CD8+T) cells (FCM, IF: P = 0.0247, P = 0.0118), contributing to the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α (P = 0.0005, P = 0.0005), IL-17 (P = 0.0014, P = 0.0381), and IFN-γ (P = 0.0016, P = 0.0042), in the serum and colonic tissue of DSS-induced colitis model. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic DNA hypo-methylation of Zbtb7b activated the maturation of CD4+T cells and repressed the differentiation of DP CD4+CD8+ T cells, resulting in the production of inflammatory cytokines and colonic inflammation in UC. Therefore, Zbtb7b might be a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for UC, and hypo-methylation might affect the biological function of Zbtb7b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Yuexiu District, No. 1, Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Yuexiu District, No. 1, Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan-Zhou Peng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Yuexiu District, No. 1, Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Luohu District, No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Luohu District, No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Luohu District, No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
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217
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Ye X, Li H, Anjum K, Zhong X, Miao S, Zheng G, Liu W, Li L. Dual Role of Indoles Derived From Intestinal Microbiota on Human Health. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903526. [PMID: 35784338 PMCID: PMC9248744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous indole and its derivatives (indoles), considered as promising N-substituted heterocyclic compounds, are tryptophan metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota and exhibit a range of biological activities. Recent studies indicate that indoles contribute to maintaining the biological barrier of the human intestine, which exert the anti-inflammatory activities mainly through activating AhR and PXR receptors to affect the immune system’s function, significantly improving intestinal health (inflammatory bowel disease, hemorrhagic colitis, colorectal cancer) and further promote human health (diabetes mellitus, central system inflammation, and vascular regulation). However, the revealed toxic influences cannot be ignored. Indoxyl sulfate, an indole derivative, performs nephrotoxicity and cardiovascular toxicity. We addressed the interaction between indoles and intestinal microbiota and the indoles’ effects on human health as double-edged swords. This review provides scientific bases for the correlation of indoles with diseases moreover highlights several directions for subsequent indoles-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyi Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Komal Anjum
- Department of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinye Zhong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuping Miao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guowan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lanjuan Li, ; Wei Liu,
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lanjuan Li, ; Wei Liu,
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218
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Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:43. [PMID: 35715821 PMCID: PMC9204954 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A consequence of our progressively ageing global population is the increasing prevalence of worldwide age-related cognitive decline and dementia. In the absence of effective therapeutic interventions, identifying risk factors associated with cognitive decline becomes increasingly vital. Novel perspectives suggest that a dynamic bidirectional communication system between the gut, its microbiome, and the central nervous system, commonly referred to as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, may be a contributing factor for cognitive health and disease. However, the exact mechanisms remain undefined. Microbial-derived metabolites produced in the gut can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier, enter systemic circulation and trigger physiological responses both directly and indirectly affecting the central nervous system and its functions. Dysregulation of this system (i.e., dysbiosis) can modulate cytotoxic metabolite production, promote neuroinflammation and negatively impact cognition. In this review, we explore critical connections between microbial-derived metabolites (secondary bile acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), tryptophan derivatives and others) and their influence upon cognitive function and neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular interest in their less-explored role as risk factors of cognitive decline.
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219
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Wang W, Fan Y, Wang X. Lactobacillus: Friend or Foe for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Front Immunol 2022; 13:883747. [PMID: 35677055 PMCID: PMC9168270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) remains largely unknown, despite the fact that it is well understood that a complex interaction between genes and environment is required for disease development. Microbiota serve as activators and are essential to immune homeostasis. Lactobacillus is thought to be an environmental agent affecting the development of SLE. However, beneficial therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus on SLE were also explored. The discovery of Lactobacillus involvement in SLE will shed light on how SLE develops, as well as finding microbiota-targeted biomarkers and novel therapies. In this review, we attempt to describe the two sides of Lactobacillus in the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of SLE. We also discuss the effect of different strains Lactobacillus on immune cells, murine lupus, and patients. Finally, we try to illustrate the potential immunological mechanisms of Lactobacillus on SLE and provide evidence for further microbiota-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang WL, Kasamatsu J, Joshita S, Gilfillan S, Di Luccia B, Panda SK, Kim DH, Desai P, Bando JK, Huang SCC, Yomogida K, Hoshino H, Fukushima M, Jacobsen EA, Van Dyken SJ, Ruedl C, Cella M, Colonna M. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor instructs the immunomodulatory profile of a subset of Clec4a4 + eosinophils unique to the small intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204557119. [PMID: 35653568 PMCID: PMC9191779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204557119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin domain family 4, member a4 (Clec4a4) is a C-type lectin inhibitory receptor specific for glycans thought to be exclusively expressed on murine CD8α− conventional dendritic cells. Using newly generated Clec4a4-mCherry knock-in mice, we identify a subset of Clec4a4-expressing eosinophils uniquely localized in the small intestine lamina propria. Clec4a4+ eosinophils evinced an immunomodulatory signature, whereas Clec4a4− eosinophils manifested a proinflammatory profile. Clec4a4+ eosinophils expressed high levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), which drove the expression of Clec4a4 as well as other immunomodulatory features, such as PD-L1. The abundance of Clec4a4+ eosinophils was dependent on dietary AHR ligands, increased with aging, and declined in inflammatory conditions. Mice lacking AHR in eosinophils expanded innate lymphoid cells of type 2 and cleared Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection more effectively than did wild-type mice. These results highlight the heterogeneity of eosinophils in response to tissue cues and identify a unique AHR-dependent subset of eosinophils in the small intestine with an immunomodulatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Le Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jun Kasamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Joshita
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 390-8621 Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Santosh K. Panda
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jennifer K. Bando
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Kentaro Yomogida
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hitomi Hoshino
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 910-1193 Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Mana Fukushima
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 910-1193 Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Elizabeth A. Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Steven J. Van Dyken
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Christiane Ruedl
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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221
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Augustine T, Kumar M, Al Khodor S, van Panhuys N. Microbial Dysbiosis Tunes the Immune Response Towards Allergic Disease Outcomes. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022:10.1007/s12016-022-08939-9. [PMID: 35648372 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hygiene hypothesis has been popularized as an explanation for the rapid increase in allergic disease observed over the past 50 years. Subsequent epidemiological studies have described the protective effects that in utero and early life exposures to an environment high in microbial diversity have in conferring protective benefits against the development of allergic diseases. The rapid advancement in next generation sequencing technology has allowed for analysis of the diverse nature of microbial communities present in the barrier organs and a determination of their role in the induction of allergic disease. Here, we discuss the recent literature describing how colonization of barrier organs during early life by the microbiota influences the development of the adaptive immune system. In parallel, mechanistic studies have delivered insight into the pathogenesis of disease, by demonstrating the comparative effects of protective T regulatory (Treg) cells, with inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) cells in the development of immune tolerance or induction of an allergic response. More recently, a significant advancement in our understanding into how interactions between the adaptive immune system and microbially derived factors play a central role in the development of allergic disease has emerged. Providing a deeper understanding of the symbiotic relationship between our microbiome and immune system, which explains key observations made by the hygiene hypothesis. By studying how perturbations that drive dysbiosis of the microbiome can cause allergic disease, we stand to benefit by delineating the protective versus pathogenic aspects of human interactions with our microbial companions, allowing us to better harness the use of microbial agents in the design of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Augustine
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Microbiome and Host-Microbes Interactions Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Microbiome and Host-Microbes Interactions Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Li X, Ma H, Sun Y, Li T, Wang C, Zheng H, Chen G, Du G, Ji G, Yang H, Xiao W, Qiu Y. Effects of fecal stream deprivation on human intestinal barrier after loop ileostomy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1119-1130. [PMID: 35437816 PMCID: PMC9323512 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intestinal homeostasis is closely associated with the normal intestinal luminal physiological environment. Temporary loop ileostomy changes the intestinal structure and diverts the fecal stream, thereby disturbing the intestinal environment. This study aimed to clarify the changing situation of the human intestinal mucosa barrier in the absence of a fecal stream after loop ileostomy. METHODS We obtained paired samples from the fed (fecal stream maintained) and unfed (no fecal stream) portions of the loop ileostomy and subjected these samples to RNA sequencing. We also determined transepithelial electrical resistance. The mucus layer thickness and content of MUC2, tight junction proteins, and common antimicrobial peptides in ileum mucosa were studied. RESULTS Transcriptome data revealed that genes associated with enhancing the intestinal barrier function of the unfed ileum were significantly decreased and genes associated with immune defense response were significantly increased. The transepithelial electrical resistance was lower and the mucus layer thickness was thinner in the unfed ileal mucosa than in the fed ileum. The MUC2, Occludin, and zonula occludens 1 content was lower in the unfed ileum than in the fed ileum. α-Defensin 5, α-defensin 6, and lysozyme content was higher in the unfed ileum than in the enterally fed ileum. CONCLUSION Intestinal barrier function is weakened after long-term fecal diversion, but antimicrobiota defense function is strengthened. Thus, the intestinal mucosa barrier adopts an alternative stable state during fecal diversion, which may explain the clinical paucity of cases of enterogenic infection caused by loop ileostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yiming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Teming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Preventive MedicineArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guangyan Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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223
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Role of dietary amino acids and microbial metabolites in the regulation of pig intestinal health. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:1-6. [PMID: 35949980 PMCID: PMC9344294 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of sequencing technology, research on pigs has focused on intestinal microbes. Accumulating evidence suggests that the metabolites of intestinal microbes are the key medium for interactions between microbes and the host. Amino acid metabolism is involved in the growth and immune processes of pigs. The gut microbes of pigs are heavily involved in the metabolism of amino acids in their hosts. Here, we review the latest relevant literature. Research findings show that microbial metabolites, such as indoles, short-chain fatty acids, and ammonia, play a key role in gut health. Moreover, we summarize the effects of amino acids on the structure of the gut microbial community and the metabolism of amino acids by pig gut microbes. Evidence shows that microbial amino acid metabolites act as signal molecules in the intestine and play an important role in the intestinal health of pigs.
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224
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Hu W, Yan G, Ding Q, Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Lei H, Zhu YZ. Update of Indoles: Promising molecules for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112957. [PMID: 35462330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders have gradually become public health-threatening problems. The metabolic disorder is a cluster of complex metabolic abnormalities which are featured by dysfunction in glucose and lipid metabolism, and results from the increasing prevalence of visceral obesity. With the core driving factor of insulin resistance, metabolic disorder mainly includes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), micro and macro-vascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Strategies and therapeutic attention are demanded to decrease the high risk of metabolic diseases, from lifestyle changes to drug treatment, especially herbal medicines. Indole is a parent substance of numerous bioactive compounds, and itself can be produced by tryptophan catabolism to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and inhibit the development of obesity. In addition, in heterocycles drug discovery, the indole scaffold is primarily found in natural compounds with versatile biological activity and plays a prominent role in drug molecules synthesis. In recent decades, plenty of natural or synthesized indole deriviatives have been investigated and elucidated to exert effects on regulating glucose hemeostasis and lipd metabolism. The aim of this review is to trace and emphasize the compounds containing indole scaffold that possess immense potency on preventing metabolic disorders, particularly T2DM, obesity and NAFLD, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms, therefore facilitate a better comprehension of their druggability and application in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Guanyu Yan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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225
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Sasaki I, Kato T, Hemmi H, Fukuda-Ohta Y, Wakaki-Nishiyama N, Yamamoto A, Kaisho T. Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells in Intestinal Immune Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857954. [PMID: 35693801 PMCID: PMC9184449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play critical roles in linking innate and adaptive immunity. DC are heterogenous and there are subsets with various distinct functions. One DC subset, conventional type 1 DC (cDC1), can be defined by expression of CD8α/CD103 in mice and CD141 in humans, or by expression of a chemokine receptor, XCR1, which is a conserved marker in both mice and human. cDC1 are characterized by high ability to ingest dying cells and to cross-present antigens for generating cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses. Through these activities, cDC1 play crucial roles in immune responses against infectious pathogens or tumors. Meanwhile, cDC1 involvement in homeostatic situations is not fully understood. Analyses by using mutant mice, in which cDC1 are ablated in vivo, revealed that cDC1 are critical for maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. Here, we review the homeostatic roles of cDC1, focusing upon intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Izumi Sasaki, ; Tsuneyasu Kaisho,
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hemmi
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuri Fukuda-Ohta
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naoko Wakaki-Nishiyama
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Asumi Yamamoto
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Izumi Sasaki, ; Tsuneyasu Kaisho,
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226
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Lu Q, Stappenbeck TS. Local barriers configure systemic communications between the host and microbiota. Science 2022; 376:950-955. [PMID: 35617395 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Associations between the dynamic community of microbes (the microbiota) and the host they colonize appear to be vital for ensuring host health. Microbe-host communication is actively maintained across physiological barriers of various body sites and is mediated by a range of bidirectional secreted proteins and small molecules. So far, a range of "omics" methods have succeeded in revealing the multiplicity of associations between members of a microbiota and a wide range of host processes and diseases. Although these advances point to possibilities for treating disease, there has not been much translational success thus far. We know little about which organisms are key contributors to host health, the importance of strain differences, and the activities of much of the chemical "soup" that is produced by the microbiota. Adding to this complexity are emerging hints of the role of interkingdom interactions between bacteria, phages, protozoa, and/or fungi in regulating the microbiota-host interactions. Functional approaches, although experimentally challenging, could be the next step to unlocking the power of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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227
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Selma-Royo M, Calvo-Lerma J, Bäuerl C, Esteban-Torres M, Cabrera-Rubio R, Collado MC. Human milk microbiota: what did we learn in the last 20 years? MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:19. [PMID: 38046359 PMCID: PMC10688795 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is the gold standard for infant nutrition during the first months of life. Beyond its nutritional components, its complex bioactive composition includes microorganisms, their metabolites, and oligosaccharides, which also contribute to gut colonization and immune system maturation. There is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of bacteria present in HM. However, current research presents limited data on the presence and functions of other organisms. The potential biological impacts on maternal and infant health outcomes, the factors contributing to milk microbes' variations, and the potential functions in the infant's gut remain unclear. This review provides a global overview of milk microbiota, what the actual knowledge is, and what the gaps and challenges are for the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia 46980, Spain
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228
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Hue SSS, Ng SB, Wang S, Tan SY. Cellular Origins and Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal NK- and T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2483. [PMID: 35626087 PMCID: PMC9139583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system, which must ensure appropriate immune responses to both pathogens and commensal microflora, comprises innate lymphoid cells and various T-cell subsets, including intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs). An example of innate lymphoid cells is natural killer cells, which may be classified into tissue-resident, CD56bright NK-cells that serve a regulatory function and more mature, circulating CD56dim NK-cells with effector cytolytic properties. CD56bright NK-cells in the gastrointestinal tract give rise to indolent NK-cell enteropathy and lymphomatoid gastropathy, as well as the aggressive extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, the latter following activation by EBV infection and neoplastic transformation. Conventional CD4+ TCRαβ+ and CD8αβ+ TCRαβ+ T-cells are located in the lamina propria and the intraepithelial compartment of intestinal mucosa as type 'a' IELs. They are the putative cells of origin for CD4+ and CD8+ indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal T-cell lymphoma, NOS. In addition to such conventional T-cells, there are non-conventional T-cells in the intra-epithelial compartment that express CD8αα and innate lymphoid cells that lack TCRs. The central feature of type 'b' IELs is the expression of CD8αα homodimers, seen in monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), which primarily arises from both CD8αα+ TCRαβ+ and CD8αα+ TCRγδ+ IELs. EATL is the other epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in the GI tract, a subset of which arises from the expansion and reprograming of intracytoplasmic CD3+ innate lymphoid cells, driven by IL15 and mutations of the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Swee-Shan Hue
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (S.S.-S.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (S.S.-S.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Soo-Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
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Fang Z, Pan T, Li L, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W, Lu W. Bifidobacterium longum mediated tryptophan metabolism to improve atopic dermatitis via the gut-skin axis. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2044723. [PMID: 35239463 PMCID: PMC8903757 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2044723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial disturbance affects allergic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) via the aberrant immune response. Some Bifidobacterial species and strains have been reported to improve AD via modulating immune-microbe interactions in patients. However, the effective metabolites and mechanism of alleviating AD in bifidobacteria remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the microbial metabolite and mechanism of Bifidobacterium longum to improve AD. Based on shotgun metagenomic sequencing and UHPLC Q-Exactive-MS targeted metabolic experiments in vitro and in vivo, we focused on tryptophan metabolism and indole derivatives, which are endogenous ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3C), a tryptophan metabolite of B. longum CCFM1029 activated AHR-mediated immune signaling pathway to improve AD symptoms in animal and clinical experiments. B. longum CCFM1029 upregulated tryptophan metabolism and increased I3C to suppress aberrant T helper 2 type immune responses, but these benefits were eliminated by AHR antagonist CH223191. Furthermore, B. longum CCFM1029 reshaped gut microbial composition in AD patients, increased fecal and serum I3C, and maintained the abundance of Lachnospiraceae related to tryptophan metabolism of gut microbiota. The results suggested that based on the interactions of the gut-skin axis, B. longum CCFM1029 upregulated tryptophan metabolism and produced I3C to activate AHR-mediated immune response, alleviating AD symptoms. Indole derivates, microbial metabolites of tryptophan, may be the potential metabolites of bifidobacteria to alleviate AD via the AHR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,CONTACT Wenwei Lu State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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230
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors: Evidence of Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051087. [PMID: 35625824 PMCID: PMC9139118 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, is important for xenobiotic metabolism and binds to various endogenous and exogenous ligands present in the skin. AhR is known to be associated with diseases in various organs; however, its functions in chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PS), have recently been elucidated. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of AhR related to chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as AD and PS, and the mechanisms of action of AhR on the skin immune system. The importance of AhR molecular biological pathways, clinical features in animal models, and AhR ligands in skin diseases need to be investigated. In conclusion, the therapeutic effects of AhR ligands are demonstrated based on the relationship between AhR and skin diseases. Nevertheless, further studies are required to elucidate the detailed roles of AhR in chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
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231
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Gupta B, Rai R, Oertel M, Raeman R. Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Fatty Liver Disease: Roles of Microbiota, Mucosal Immune System, and Bile Acids. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:122-137. [PMID: 35738255 PMCID: PMC9307091 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of progressive liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Globally, NAFLD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease, and NAFLD patients are at a higher risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While there is a consensus that inflammation plays a key role in promoting NAFLD progression, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Recent clinical and experimental evidence suggest that increased hepatic translocation of gut microbial antigens, secondary to diet-induced impairment of the intestinal barrier may be important in driving hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. Here, we briefly review various endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the intestinal barrier and present recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Gupta
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi Rai
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Oertel
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Reben Raeman
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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232
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Tan YQ, Wang YN, Feng HY, Guo ZY, Li X, Nie XL, Zhao YY. Host/microbiota interactions-derived tryptophan metabolites modulate oxidative stress and inflammation via aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 184:30-41. [PMID: 35367341 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that induces the expression of a broad range of downstream genes such as cytochromes P450 enzymes and cyclooxygenase-2. Recent research focuses are shifting from AhR activation induced by xenobiotics to its response patterns to physiological ligands that expand our understanding of how endogenous metabolites as ligands to modulate AhR signaling pathway under homeostasis and pathological conditions. With increasing interest in AhR and its endogenous ligands, it would seem advisable to summarize a variety of endogenous ligands especially host/gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. Mounting evidence has indicated that AhR play a critical role in the regulation of redox homeostasis and immune responses. In this review, we outline the canonical and non-canonical AhR signalling pathway that is mediated by host/gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. Through several typical endogenous AhR ligands, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of AhR-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathological milieu, including diabetes, diabetic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Finally, we summarize and emphasize the limitations and breakthrough of endogenous AhR ligands from host/microbial tryptophan catabolites. This review might provide novel diagnostic and prognostic approach for refractory human diseases and establish new therapeutic strategies for AhR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qi Tan
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Hao-Yu Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Guo
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xia Li
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China; Department of General Practice, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, No. 777 Xitai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710100, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.13, Shi Liu Gang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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233
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Parsa R, London M, Rezende de Castro TB, Reis B, Buissant des Amorie J, Smith JG, Mucida D. Newly recruited intraepithelial Ly6A+CCR9+CD4+ T cells protect against enteric viral infection. Immunity 2022; 55:1234-1249.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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234
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Li C, Kim HK, Prakhar P, Luo S, Crossman A, Ligons DL, Luckey MA, Awasthi P, Gress RE, Park JH. Chemokine receptor CCR9 suppresses the differentiation of CD4 +CD8αα + intraepithelial T cells in the gut. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:882-895. [PMID: 35778600 PMCID: PMC9391308 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR9 equips T cells with the ability to respond to CCL25, a chemokine that is highly expressed in the thymus and the small intestine (SI). Notably, CCR9 is mostly expressed on CD8 but not on CD4 lineage T cells, thus imposing distinct tissue tropism on CD4 and CD8 T cells. The molecular basis and the consequences for such a dichotomy, however, have not been fully examined and explained. Here, we demonstrate that the forced expression of CCR9 interferes with the tissue trafficking and differentiation of CD4 T cells in SI intraepithelial tissues. While CCR9 overexpression did not alter CD4 T cell generation in the thymus, the forced expression of CCR9 was detrimental for the proper tissue distribution of CD4 T cells in the periphery, and strikingly also for their terminal differentiation in the gut epithelium. Specifically, the differentiation of SI epithelial CD4 T cells into immunoregulatory CD4+CD8αα+ T cells was impaired by overexpression of CCR9 and conversely increased by the genetic deletion of CCR9. Collectively, our results reveal a previously unappreciated role for CCR9 in the tissue homeostasis and effector function of CD4 T cells in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shunqun Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Assiatu Crossman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Davinna L Ligons
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan A Luckey
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Parirokh Awasthi
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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235
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Khan MZ, Li F, Huang X, Nouman M, Bibi R, Fan X, Zhou H, Shan Z, Wang L, Jiang Y, Cui W, Qiao X, Li Y, Wang X, Tang L. Oral Immunization of Chickens with Probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus Constitutively Expressing the α-β2-ε-β1 Toxoids to Induce Protective Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050698. [PMID: 35632454 PMCID: PMC9147743 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is a bacterium that commonly causes zoonotic disease. The pathogenicity of C. perfringens is a result of the combined action of α, β, and ε exotoxins. In this study, Lactobacillus crispatus (pPG-T7g10/L. crispatus) expressing the main toxoids of C. perfringens, α, ε, β1, and β2, with EGFP-labeling, was constructed, and the protective effect was estimated in chickens. The α-β2-ε-β1 toxoid was constitutively expressed for confirmation by laser confocal microscopy and western blotting, and its immunogenicity was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemical assays. After booster immunization, the probiotic vaccine group showed significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) of specific secretory IgA (sIgA) and IgY antibodies in the serum and intestinal mucus. Furthermore, the levels of cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (lL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-17, and the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes in chickens orally immunized with pPG-E-α-β2-ε-β1/L. crispatus increased significantly. Histopathological observations showed that the intestinal pathological changes in chickens immunized with pPG-E-α-β2ε-β1/L. crispatus were significantly alleviated. These data reveal that the probiotic vaccine could stimulate mucosal, cellular, and humoral immunity and provide an active defense against the toxins of C. perfringens, suggesting a promising candidate for oral vaccines against C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zeb Khan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fengsai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | | | - Roshna Bibi
- Department of Boyany, University of Swat, Mingora 19200, Pakistan;
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhifu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.T.); Tel.: +86-451-55190824 (L.T.); Fax: +86-451-55190363 (L.T.)
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Z.K.); (F.L.); (X.H.); (X.F.); (H.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.W.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (X.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.T.); Tel.: +86-451-55190824 (L.T.); Fax: +86-451-55190363 (L.T.)
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236
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Abstract
The immune system employs recognition tools to communicate with its microbial evolutionary partner. Among all the methods of microbial perception, T cells enable the widest spectrum of microbial recognition resolution, ranging from the crudest detection of whole groups of microbes to the finest detection of specific antigens. The application of this recognition capability to the crucial task of combatting infections has been the focus of classical immunology. We now appreciate that the coevolution of the immune system and the microbiota has led to development of a lush immunological decision tree downstream of microbial recognition, of which an inflammatory response is but one branch. In this review we discuss known T cell-microbe interactions in the gut and place them in the context of an algorithmic framework of recognition, context-dependent interpretation, and response circuits across multiple levels of microbial recognition resolution. The malleability of T cells in response to the microbiota presents an opportunity to edit immune response cellularity, identity, and functionality by utilizing microbiota-controlled pathways to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivaylo I Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Timur Tuganbaev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ashwin N Skelly
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan;
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237
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Zhang Z, Mu X, Cao Q, Shi Y, Hu X, Zheng H. Honeybee gut Lactobacillus modulates host learning and memory behaviors via regulating tryptophan metabolism. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2037. [PMID: 35440638 PMCID: PMC9018956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are highly social insects with a rich behavioral repertoire and are a versatile model for neurobiological research. Their gut microbiota comprises a limited number of host-restricted bacterial phylotypes that are important for honeybee health. However, it remains unclear how specific gut members affect honeybee behaviors. Here, we find that antibiotic exposure disturbs the gut community and influences honeybee phenotypes under field conditions. Using laboratory-generated gnotobiotic bees, we show that a normal gut microbiota is required for olfactory learning and memory abilities. Brain transcriptomic profiling reveals distinct brain gene expression patterns between microbiota-free and conventional bees. Subsequent metabolomic analyses of both hemolymph and gut samples show that the microbiota mainly regulates tryptophan metabolism. Our results indicate that host-specific Lactobacillus strains promote memory behavior by transforming tryptophan to indole derivatives that activate the host aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Our findings highlight the contributions of specific gut members to honeybee neurological processes, thus providing a promising model to understand host-microbe interactions. Eusocial honeybee is a versatile model for neurobiological research. Here, the authors established a link between honeybee gut Lactobacillus in bee learning and memory ability via indole derivatives that activate host’s aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Qina Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Shi
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China.
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238
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Takeshita H, Yamamoto K. Tryptophan Metabolism and COVID-19-Induced Skeletal Muscle Damage: Is ACE2 a Key Regulator? Front Nutr 2022; 9:868845. [PMID: 35463998 PMCID: PMC9028463 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by systemic damage to organs, including skeletal muscle, due to excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Clinical studies have suggested that the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism is selectively enhanced in patients with severe COVID-19. In addition to acting as a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative virus of COVID-19, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) contributes to tryptophan absorption and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. In this article, we review previous studies to assess the potential for a link between tryptophan metabolism, ACE2, and skeletal muscle damage in patients with COVID-19.
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239
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Li L, Fang Z, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Peng H, Zhang Y, Lu W, Chen W. Efficacy and Safety of Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM1040 in Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862934. [PMID: 35464005 PMCID: PMC9022948 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma reinforces the concept of “one airway, one disease,” which has prompted the exploration for a single intervention to treat both diseases. Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM1040 (CCFM1040) was found to be an inhibitor of the common pathogenesis of AR and asthma in our previous studies. This study presented a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the clinical effects of CCFM1040 on both diseases. The total symptom score (TSS), the quality of life (QoL), and the modulation in the gut microbiota of patients with AR, the Asthma Control and Test (ACT) of patients with asthma, and the safety of both AR and asthma were measured. In patients with AR, CCFM1040 numerically decreased TSS, Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), 3 nasal scores in TSS (nasal congestion, watery eyes, and rhinorrhea), and sleep and significantly improved (P = 0.014) non-nose/eye symptoms. The ACT score was numerically increased in patients with asthma (from partially controlled to well-controlled). Significant microbial (from class level to genus level) and metabolic differences (P < 0.05) were found in patients with AR. No adverse reactions were observed. No effect on the blood and urine routine indexes. CCFM1040 has a potential benefit on both diseases. Further studies based on these findings will help to optimize the management of AR and asthma.
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240
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Diny NL, Schonfeldova B, Shapiro M, Winder ML, Varsani-Brown S, Stockinger B. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor contributes to tissue adaptation of intestinal eosinophils in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20210970. [PMID: 35238865 PMCID: PMC8899390 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are potent sources of inflammatory and toxic mediators, yet they reside in large numbers in the healthy intestine without causing tissue damage. We show here that intestinal eosinophils were specifically adapted to their environment and underwent substantial transcriptomic changes. Intestinal eosinophils upregulated genes relating to the immune response, cell-cell communication, extracellular matrix remodeling, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor with broad functions in intestinal homeostasis. Eosinophils from AHR-deficient mice failed to fully express the intestinal gene expression program, including extracellular matrix organization and cell junction pathways. AHR-deficient eosinophils were functionally impaired in the adhesion to and degradation of extracellular matrix, were more prone to degranulation, and had an extended life span. Lack of AHR in eosinophils had wider effects on the intestinal immune system, affecting the T cell compartment in nave and helminth-infected mice. Our study demonstrates that the response to environmental triggers via AHR partially shapes tissue adaptation of eosinophils in the small intestine.
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241
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Li M, Yang L, Mu C, Sun Y, Gu Y, Chen D, Liu T, Cao H. Gut microbial metabolome in inflammatory bowel disease: From association to therapeutic perspectives. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2402-2414. [PMID: 35664229 PMCID: PMC9125655 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a set of clinically chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal inflammatory disease and lacks of an absolute cure. Although the precise etiology is unknown, developments in high-throughput microbial genomic sequencing significantly illuminate the changes in the intestinal microbial structure and functions in patients with IBD. The application of microbial metabolomics suggests that the microbiota can influence IBD pathogenesis by producing metabolites, which are implicated as crucial mediators of host-microbial crosstalk. This review aims to elaborate the current knowledge of perturbations of the microbiome-metabolome interface in IBD with description of altered composition and metabolite profiles of gut microbiota. We emphasized and elaborated recent findings of several potentially protective metabolite classes in IBD, including fatty acids, amino acids and derivatives and bile acids. This article will facilitate a deeper understanding of the new therapeutic approach for IBD by applying metabolome-based adjunctive treatment.
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Key Words
- AMPs, Antimicrobial peptides
- BAs, Bile acids
- BC, Bray Curtis
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection
- DC, Diversion colitis
- DCA, Deoxycholic acid
- DSS, Dextran sulfate sodium
- FAs, Fatty acid
- FMT, Fecal microbiota transplantation
- FODMAP, Fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol
- GC–MS, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- Gut microbiota
- HDAC, Histone deacetylase
- IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease
- Inflammatory bowel diseases
- LC-MS, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LCA, Lithocholic acid
- LCFAs, Long-chain fatty acids
- MCFAs, Medium-chain fatty acids
- MD, Mediterranean diet
- MS, Mass spectrometry
- Metabolite
- Metabolomics
- Metagenomics
- Microbial therapeutics
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance
- PBAs, Primary bile acids
- SBAs, Secondary bile acids
- SCD, Special carbohydrate diet
- SCFAs, Short-chain fatty acids
- TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid
- UC, Ulcerative colitis
- UDCA, Ursodeoxycholic acid
- UPLC-MS, ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
- UU, Unweighted UniFrac
- WMS, Whole-metagenome shotgun
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
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242
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Cancer immunotherapy resistance: The impact of microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids and other emerging metabolites. Life Sci 2022; 300:120573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Harada Y, Sujino T, Miyamoto K, Nomura E, Yoshimatsu Y, Tanemoto S, Umeda S, Ono K, Mikami Y, Nakamoto N, Takabayashi K, Hosoe N, Ogata H, Ikenoue T, Hirao A, Kubota Y, Kanai T. Intracellular metabolic adaptation of intraepithelial CD4+CD8αα+ T lymphocytes. iScience 2022; 25:104021. [PMID: 35313689 PMCID: PMC8933710 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University Hospital, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | - Ena Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshimatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shun Tanemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoko Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takabayashi
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University Hospital, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosoe
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University Hospital, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University Hospital, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Corresponding author
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244
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Xie Y, Zou X, Han J, Zhang Z, Feng Z, Ouyang Q, Hua S, Liu Z, Li C, Cai Y, Zou Y, Tang Y, Jiang X. Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates ischemic brain injury in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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245
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Jia L, Wu G, Alonso S, Zhao C, Lemenze A, Lam YY, Zhao L, Edelblum KL. A transmissible γδ intraepithelial lymphocyte hyperproliferative phenotype is associated with the intestinal microbiota and confers protection against acute infection. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:772-782. [PMID: 35589986 PMCID: PMC9262869 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing the γδ T cell receptor (γδ IELs) serve as a first line of defense against luminal microbes. Although the presence of an intact microbiota is dispensable for γδ IEL development, several microbial factors contribute to the maintenance of this sentinel population. However, whether specific commensals influence population of the γδ IEL compartment under homeostatic conditions has yet to be determined. We identified a novel γδ IEL hyperproliferative phenotype that arises early in life and is characterized by expansion of multiple Vγ subsets. Horizontal transfer of this hyperproliferative phenotype to mice harboring a phenotypically normal γδ IEL compartment was prevented following antibiotic treatment, thus demonstrating that the microbiota is both necessary and sufficient for the observed increase in γδ IELs. Further, we identified two guilds of small intestinal or fecal bacteria represented by 12 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) that are strongly associated with γδ IEL expansion. Using intravital microscopy, we find that hyperproliferative γδ IELs also exhibit increased migratory behavior leading to enhanced protection against bacterial infection. These findings reveal that transfer of a specific group of commensals can regulate γδ IEL homeostasis and immune surveillance, which may provide a novel means to reinforce the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Jia
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Guojun Wu
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Sara Alonso
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Cuiping Zhao
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Yan Y. Lam
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,Gut Microbiota and Metabolism Group, Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Liping Zhao
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Karen L. Edelblum
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,Correspondence: Karen Edelblum, 205 South Orange Ave, Cancer Center G1228, Newark, NJ 07103, tel: 973-972-3071,
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246
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Nie J, Carpenter AC, Chopp LB, Chen T, Balmaceno-Criss M, Ciucci T, Xiao Q, Kelly MC, McGavern DB, Belkaid Y, Bosselut R. The transcription factor LRF promotes integrin β7 expression by and gut homing of CD8αα + intraepithelial lymphocyte precursors. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:594-604. [PMID: 35354951 PMCID: PMC9290758 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While T cell receptor (TCR) αβ+CD8α+CD8β- intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD8αα+ IELs) differentiate from thymic IEL precursors (IELps) and contribute to gut homeostasis, the transcriptional control of their development remains poorly understood. In the present study we showed that mouse thymocytes deficient for the transcription factor leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) failed to generate TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs and their CD8β-expressing counterparts, despite giving rise to thymus and spleen CD8αβ+ T cells. LRF-deficient IELps failed to migrate to the intestine and to protect against T cell-induced colitis, and had impaired expression of the gut-homing integrin α4β7. Single-cell RNA-sequencing found that LRF was necessary for the expression of genes characteristic of the most mature IELps, including Itgb7, encoding the β7 subunit of α4β7. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene-regulatory network analyses both defined Itgb7 as an LRF target. Our study identifies LRF as an essential transcriptional regulator of IELp maturation in the thymus and subsequent migration to the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Nie
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea C Carpenter
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura B Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mariah Balmaceno-Criss
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Qi Xiao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- CCR Single Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Microbiome core, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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247
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Elolimy A, Rosa F, Tripp P, Zeineldin M, Bowlin AK, Randolph C, Robeson MS, Yeruva L. Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:801854. [PMID: 35401465 PMCID: PMC8989072 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.801854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to newborns during the first 6 months of life, whereas dairy-based infant formula is an alternative nutrition source offered to infants. Several studies demonstrated that breastfed infants have a different gut bacterial composition relative to formula-fed infants. In addition, animal models have shown that human milk (HM)–fed piglets had a distinct intestinal bacterial composition compared with milk formula (MF)–fed piglets. However, the gut fungal composition and the interactions with the bacterial community in breastfed compared with formula-fed infants remain to be investigated. In an attempt to evaluate such differences, we used an animal model to perform a shotgun metagenomics analysis on the cecal and distal colon contents of neonatal piglets fed with pasteurized HM or a dairy-based infant formula (MF) during the first 21 days of life. At postnatal day 21 (PND 21), a subset of piglets from each diet group (n = 11 per group) was euthanized. The remaining piglets in each group were weaned to a solid diet and euthanized at PND 51 (n = 13 per group). Large intestine contents (i.e., cecum and distal colon) were subjected to shotgun metagenomics analysis. The differential taxonomic composition of bacteria and fungi and the predicted functional gene profiling were evaluated. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria are the most abundant bacterial phyla observed in piglets at PND 21 and PND 51. In the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51, Proteobacteria phylum was significantly higher in MF-fed group, and species Burkholderiales bacterium of phyla was significantly higher in MF group relative to HM group. In addition, in HM group, several Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp. were higher relative to MF group in the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51. Fungal genus Aspergillus was higher in MF, whereas Malassezia was lower relative to HM group. Persistent effects of the neonatal diets were observed at PND 51, where alpha- and beta-diversity differences were detected for bacterial and fungal species in the large intestine. Overall, our findings indicate that neonatal diet affects the large intestinal microbial community during the exclusive milk-feeding period, as well as after the introduction of the complementary food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elolimy
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Fernanda Rosa
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Patricia Tripp
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Mohamed Zeineldin
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Anne K. Bowlin
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christopher Randolph
- Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Michael S. Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Laxmi Yeruva,
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248
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Xu J, Ye Y, Ji J, Sun J, Wang JS, Sun X. Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Changes in Gut Microbiota and Mechanisms of Its Regulation of Allergy in OVA-Sensitive BALB/c Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3344-3356. [PMID: 35232013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of food allergy. However, the interactions between the gut flora and immune system are not well studied. Here, we obtained ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitive BALB/c mice, combined with serum untargeted metabolomics to investigate the mechanisms of the interactions. The serum metabolomics results showed that 17 serum metabolites were downregulated, enriched in the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway, whereas indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) was increased. Six operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the family level were altered and correlated with immune endpoints. Combined metabolomic and microbiomic analyses revealed that IPA levels were correlated with differential bacterial OTUs and a positive correlation with Treg in splenic lymphocytes. These results suggest that the regulatory effects of intestinal flora on allergic responses may be achieved by metabolizing tryptophan to produce indole derivatives and the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway. The formation of OVA tolerance in mice may be related to the enrichment of Peptostreptococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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249
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Lu M, Sun J, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Li X, Zhou J, Dang H, Zhang J, Huang W, Qi C, Li D. Prevention of High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia by Lactobacillus reuteri Fn041 Through Promoting Cholesterol and Bile Salt Excretion and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functions. Front Nutr 2022; 9:851541. [PMID: 35369106 PMCID: PMC8967143 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.851541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lactobacillus reuteri Fn041 (Fn041) is a probiotic isolated from immunoglobulin A coated microbiota in the human breast milk of Gannan in China with a low incidence of hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of Fn041 in preventing hypercholesterolemia caused by a high-fat diet in mice. Methods C57BL/6N mice were fed a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet and gavage with Fn041 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) for 8 weeks. Results Both Fn041 and LGG prevented the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia, liver and testicular fat accumulation. In addition, a high-fat diet causes intestinal dysbiosis and mucosal barrier damage, which is associated with hypercholesterolemia. Fn041 prevented the high-fat diet-induced reduction in alpha diversity of intestinal microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Fn041 treatment significantly increased fecal total cholesterol and total bile acids. Conclusions Fn041 prevented hypercholesterolemia by enhancing cholesterol excretion and mucosal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Lu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuning Zhao
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingbo Zhou
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyang Dang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ce Qi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ce Qi
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Duo Li
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250
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Puccetti M, Pariano M, Costantini C, Giovagnoli S, Ricci M. Pharmaceutically Active Microbial AhR Agonists as Innovative Biodrugs in Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030336. [PMID: 35337134 PMCID: PMC8949935 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the microbiome occur in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, a finding consistent with the role of the microbiome in the maintenance of the immune system homeostasis. In this regard, L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, of both host and microbial origin, act as important regulators of host–microbial symbiosis by acting as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. The intestinal and respiratory barriers are very sensitive to AhR activity, suggesting that AhR modulation could be a therapeutic option to maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier, which has substantial implications for health even beyond the mucosal site. A number of studies have highlighted the capacity of AhR to respond to indoles and indolyl metabolites, thus positioning AhR as a candidate indole receptor. However, the context-and ligand-dependent activity of AhR requires one to resort to suitable biopharmaceutical formulations to enable site-specific drug delivery in order to achieve therapeutic effectiveness, decrease unwanted toxicities and prevent off-target effects. In this review, we highlight the dual activity of the microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde at the host–microbe interface and its ability to orchestrate host pathophysiology and microbial symbiosis and discuss how its proper clinical development may turn into a valuable therapeutic strategy in local and distant inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.G.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-5162
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.G.); (M.R.)
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