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Delplace F, Huard-Chauveau C, Berthomé R, Roby D. Network organization of the plant immune system: from pathogen perception to robust defense induction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:447-470. [PMID: 34399442 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system has been explored essentially through the study of qualitative resistance, a simple form of immunity, and from a reductionist point of view. The recent identification of genes conferring quantitative disease resistance revealed a large array of functions, suggesting more complex mechanisms. In addition, thanks to the advent of high-throughput analyses and system approaches, our view of the immune system has become more integrative, revealing that plant immunity should rather be seen as a distributed and highly connected molecular network including diverse functions to optimize expression of plant defenses to pathogens. Here, we review the recent progress made to understand the network complexity of regulatory pathways leading to plant immunity, from pathogen perception, through signaling pathways and finally to immune responses. We also analyze the topological organization of these networks and their emergent properties, crucial to predict novel immune functions and test them experimentally. Finally, we report how these networks might be regulated by environmental clues. Although system approaches remain extremely scarce in this area of research, a growing body of evidence indicates that the plant response to combined biotic and abiotic stresses cannot be inferred from responses to individual stresses. A view of possible research avenues in this nascent biology domain is finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Delplace
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Carine Huard-Chauveau
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Richard Berthomé
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Dominique Roby
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
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Appels R, Wang P, Islam S. Integrating Wheat Nucleolus Structure and Function: Variation in the Wheat Ribosomal RNA and Protein Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:686586. [PMID: 35003148 PMCID: PMC8739226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.686586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We review the coordinated production and integration of the RNA (ribosomal RNA, rRNA) and protein (ribosomal protein, RP) components of wheat cytoplasmic ribosomes in response to changes in genetic constitution, biotic and abiotic stresses. The components examined are highly conserved and identified with reference to model systems such as human, Arabidopsis, and rice, but have sufficient levels of differences in their DNA and amino acid sequences to form fingerprints or gene haplotypes that provide new markers to associate with phenotype variation. Specifically, it is argued that populations of ribosomes within a cell can comprise distinct complements of rRNA and RPs to form units with unique functionalities. The unique functionalities of ribosome populations within a cell can become central in situations of stress where they may preferentially translate mRNAs coding for proteins better suited to contributing to survival of the cell. In model systems where this concept has been developed, the engagement of initiation factors and elongation factors to account for variation in the translation machinery of the cell in response to stresses provided the precedents. The polyploid nature of wheat adds extra variation at each step of the synthesis and assembly of the rRNAs and RPs which can, as a result, potentially enhance its response to changing environments and disease threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Penghao Wang
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Centre for Crop Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Ding Y, Gardiner DM, Kazan K. Transcriptome analysis reveals infection strategies employed by Fusarium graminearum as a root pathogen. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126951. [PMID: 34972022 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Fg) infects both heads and roots of cereal crops causing several economically important diseases such as head blight, seedling blight, crown rot and root rot. Trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), a well-known virulence factor, produced by Fg during disease development is also an important health concern. Although how Fg infects above-ground tissues is relatively well studied, very little is known about molecular processes employed by the pathogen during below-ground infection. Also unknown is the role of DON during root infection. In the present study, we analyzed the transcriptome of Fg during root infection of the model cereal Brachypodium distachyon (Bd). We also compared our Fg transcriptome data obtained during Bd root infection with those reported during wheat head infection. These analyses suggested that both shared and unique infection strategies were employed by the pathogen during colonization of different host tissues. Several metabolite biosynthesis genes induced in Fg during root infection could be linked to phytohormone production, implying that the pathogen likely interferes with root specific defenses. In addition, to understand the role of DON in Fg root infection, we analyzed the transcriptome of the DON deficient Tri5 mutant. These analyses showed that the absence of DON had a significant effect on fungal transcriptional responses. Although DON was produced in infected roots, this mycotoxin did not act as a Fg virulence factor during root infection. Our results reveal new mechanistic insights into the below-ground strategies employed by Fg that may benefit the development of new genetic tools to combat this important cereal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- The Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, 2570, New South Wales, Australia; Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia; Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia; Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia.
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204
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Zheng Y, He S, Cai W, Shen L, Huang X, Yang S, Huang Y, Lu Q, Wang H, Guan D, He S. CaAIL1 Acts Positively in Pepper Immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum by Repressing Negative Regulators. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1702-1717. [PMID: 34463342 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
APETALA2 (AP2) subfamily transcription factors participate in plant growth and development, but their roles in plant immunity remain unclear. Here, we discovered that the AP2 transcription factor CaAIL1 functions in immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) in pepper (Capsicum annuum). CaAIL1 expression was upregulated by RSI, and loss- and gain-of-function assays using virus-induced gene silencing and transient overexpression, respectively, revealed that CaAIL1 plays a positive role in immunity to RSI in pepper. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) uncovered a subset of transcription-factor-encoding genes, including CaRAP2-7, CaGATA17, CaGtf3a and CaTCF25, that were directly targeted by CaAIL1 via their cis-elements, such as GT or AGGCA motifs. ChIP-qPCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed these findings. These genes, encoding transcription factors with negative roles in immunity, were repressed by CaAIL1 during pepper response to RSI, whereas genes encoding positive immune regulators such as CaEAS were derepressed by CaAIL1. Importantly, we showed that the atypical EAR motif (LXXLXXLXX) in CaAIL1 is indispensable for its function in immunity. These findings indicate that CaAIL1 enhances the immunity of pepper against RSI by repressing a subset of negative immune regulators during the RSI response through its binding to several cis-elements in their promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shicong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qiaoling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shang xia dian Road, Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Ma A, Zhang D, Wang G, Wang K, Li Z, Gao Y, Li H, Bian C, Cheng J, Han Y, Yang S, Gong Z, Qi J. Verticillium dahliae effector VDAL protects MYB6 from degradation by interacting with PUB25 and PUB26 E3 ligases to enhance Verticillium wilt resistance. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3675-3699. [PMID: 34469582 PMCID: PMC8643689 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a severe plant disease that causes massive losses in multiple crops. Increasing the plant resistance to Verticillium wilt is a critical challenge worldwide. Here, we report that the hemibiotrophic Verticillium dahliae-secreted Asp f2-like protein VDAL causes leaf wilting when applied to cotton leaves in vitro but enhances the resistance to V. dahliae when overexpressed in Arabidopsis or cotton without affecting the plant growth and development. VDAL protein interacts with Arabidopsis E3 ligases plant U-box 25 (PUB25) and PUB26 and is ubiquitinated by PUBs in vitro. However, VDAL is not degraded by PUB25 or PUB26 in planta. Besides, the pub25 pub26 double mutant shows higher resistance to V. dahliae than the wild-type. PUBs interact with the transcription factor MYB6 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. MYB6 promotes plant resistance to Verticillium wilt while PUBs ubiquitinate MYB6 and mediate its degradation. VDAL competes with MYB6 for binding to PUBs, and the role of VDAL in increasing Verticillium wilt resistance depends on MYB6. Taken together, these results suggest that plants evolute a strategy to utilize the invaded effector protein VDAL to resist the V. dahliae infection without causing a hypersensitive response (HR); alternatively, hemibiotrophic pathogens may use some effectors to keep plant cells alive during its infection in order to take nutrients from host cells. This study provides the molecular mechanism for plants increasing disease resistance when overexpressing some effector proteins without inducing HR, and may promote searching for more genes from pathogenic fungi or bacteria to engineer plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dingpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
| | - Guangxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hengchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jinkui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Junsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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206
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Genome-wide identification, characteristics and expression of the prolamin genes in Thinopyrum elongatum. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:864. [PMID: 34852761 PMCID: PMC8638145 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolamins, unique to Gramineae (grasses), play a key role in the human diet. Thinopyrum elongatum (syn. Agropyron elongatum or Lophopyrum elongatum), a grass of the Triticeae family with a diploid E genome (2n = 2x = 14), is genetically well-characterized, but little is known about its prolamin genes and the relationships with homologous loci in the Triticeae species. Results In this study, a total of 19 α-gliadin, 9 γ-gliadin, 19 ω-gliadin, 2 high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS), and 5 low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes were identified in the Th. elongatum genome. Micro-synteny and phylogenetic analysis revealed dynamic changes of prolamin gene regions and genetic affinities among Th. elongatum, Triticum aestivum, T. urartu and Aegilops tauschii. The Th. elongatum genome, like the B subgenome of T. aestivum, only contained celiac disease epitope DQ8-glia-α1/DQ8.5-glia-α1, which provided a theoretical basis for the low gluten toxicity wheat breeding. The transcriptome data of Th. elongatum exhibited differential expression in quantity and pattern in the same subfamily or different subfamilies. Dough rheological properties of T. aestivum-Th. elongatum disomic substitution (DS) line 1E(1D) showed higher peak height values than that of their parents, and DS6E(6D) exhibited fewer α-gliadins, which indicates the potential usage for wheat quality breeding. Conclusions Overall, this study provided a comprehensive overview of the prolamin gene family in Th. elongatum, and suggested a promising use of this species in the generation of improved wheat breeds intended for the human diet. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08088-x.
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207
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Feng Z, Song L, Song W, Qi Z, Yuan J, Li R, Han H, Wang H, Chen Z, Guo W, Xin M, Liu J, Hu Z, Peng H, Yao Y, Sun Q, Ni Z, Xing J. The decreased expression of GW2 homologous genes contributed to the increased grain width and thousand‑grain weight in wheat-Dasypyrum villosum 6VS·6DL translocation lines. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3873-3894. [PMID: 34374829 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that the aberrant transcription of DvGW2 contributed to the increased grain width and thousand-grain weight in wheat-Dasypyrum villosum T6VS·6DL translocation lines. Due to the high immunity to powdery mildew, Dasypyrum villosum 6VS has been one of the most successful applications of the wild relatives in modern wheat breeding. Along with the desired traits, side-effects could be brought when large alien chromosome fragments are introduced into wheat, but little is known about effects of 6VS on agronomic traits. Here, we found that T6VS·6DL translocation had significantly positive effects on grain weight, plant heightand spike length, and small negative effects on total spikelet number and spikelet compactness using recipient and wheat-D. villosum T6VS·6DL allohexaploid wheats, Wan7107 and Pm97033. Further analysis showed that the 6VS segment might exert direct genetic effect on grain width, then driving the increase of thousand-grain weight. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis identified 2549 and 1282 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 2220 and 1496 specifically expressed genes (SEGs) at 6 days after pollination (DAP) grains and 15 DAP endosperms, respectively. Enrichment analysis indicated that the process of cell proliferation category was over-represented in the DEGs. Notably, two homologous genes, TaGW2-D1 and DvGW2, were identified as putative candidate genes associated with grain weight and yield. The expression analysis showed that DvGW2 had an aberrant expression in Pm97033, resulting in significantly lower total expression level of GW2 than Wan7107, which drives the increase of grain weight and width in Pm97033. Collectively, our data indicated that the compromised expression of DvGW2 is critical for increased grain width and weight in T6VS·6DL translocation lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Long Song
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wanjun Song
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongqi Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Run Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haiming Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jiewen Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yang G, Zheng Q, Hu P, Li H, Luo Q, Li B, Li Z. Cytogenetic identification and molecular marker development for the novel stripe rust-resistant wheat- Thinopyrum intermedium translocation line WTT11. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:343-356. [PMID: 36304423 PMCID: PMC9590478 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Xiaoyan 78829, a partial amphidiploid developed by crossing common wheat with Thinopyrum intermedium, is immune to wheat stripe rust. To transfer the resistance gene of this excellent germplasm resource to wheat, the translocation line WTT11 was produced by pollen irradiation and assessed for immunity to stripe rust races CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34. A novel stripe rust-resistance locus derived from Th. intermedium was confirmed by linkage and diagnostic marker analyses. Molecular cytogenetic analyses revealed that WTT11 carries a TTh·2DL translocation. The breakpoint of 1B was located at 95.5 MB, and the alien segments were found to be homoeologous to wheat-group chromosomes 6 and 7 according to a wheat660K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis. Ten previously developed PCR-based markers were confirmed to rapidly trace the alien segments of WTT11, and 20 kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed to enable genotyping of Th. intermedium and common wheat. Evaluation of agronomic traits in two consecutive crop seasons uncovered some favorable agronomic traits in WTT11, such as lower plant height and longer main panicles, that may be applicable to wheat improvement. As a novel genetic resource, the new resistance locus may be useful for wheat disease-resistance breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-021-00060-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Pan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Qiaoling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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209
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Zhao X, Fu X, Yin C, Lu F. Wheat speciation and adaptation: perspectives from reticulate evolution. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:386-402. [PMID: 36311810 PMCID: PMC9590565 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reticulate evolution through the interchanging of genetic components across organisms can impact significantly on the fitness and adaptation of species. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum) is one of the most important crops in the world. Allopolyploid speciation, frequent hybridization, extensive introgression, and occasional horizontal gene transfer (HGT) have been shaping a typical paradigm of reticulate evolution in bread wheat and its wild relatives, which is likely to have a substantial influence on phenotypic traits and environmental adaptability of bread wheat. In this review, we outlined the evolutionary history of bread wheat and its wild relatives with a highlight on the interspecific hybridization events, demonstrating the reticulate relationship between species/subspecies in the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Furthermore, we discussed the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance underlying the introgression of bread wheat and its wild relatives. An in-depth understanding of the evolutionary process of Triticum species should be beneficial to future genetic study and breeding of bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changbin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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210
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Zhao P, Gu S, Han C, Lu Y, Ma C, Tian J, Bi J, Deng Z, Wang Q, Xu Q. Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Wheat Reveals Amino Acids Increase Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:762605. [PMID: 34868158 PMCID: PMC8639535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.762605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), a notorious plant disease caused by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), is severely harmful to wheat production, resulting in a decline in grain quality and yield. In order to develop novel control strategies, metabolomics has been increasingly used to characterize more comprehensive profiles of the mechanisms of underlying plant-pathogen interactions. In this research, untargeted and targeted metabolomics were used to analyze the metabolite differences between two wheat varieties, the resistant genotype Sumai 3 and the susceptible genotype Shannong 20, after F. graminearum inoculation. The untargeted metabolomics results showed that differential amino acid metabolic pathways existed in Sumai 3 and Shannong 20 after F. graminearum infection. Additionally, some of the amino acid contents changed greatly in different cultivars when infected with F. graminearum. Exogenous application of amino acids and F. graminearum inoculation assay showed that proline (Pro) and alanine (Ala) increased wheat resistance to FHB, while cysteine (Cys) aggravated the susceptibility. This study provides an initial insight into the metabolite differences of two wheat cultivars under the stress of F. graminearum. Moreover, the method of optimization metabolite extraction presents an effective and feasible strategy to explore the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shubo Gu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao Han
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yaru Lu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jichun Tian
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianjie Bi
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhiying Deng
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qunqing Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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211
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Arabidopsis P4 ATPase-mediated cell detoxification confers resistance to Fusarium graminearum and Verticillium dahliae. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6426. [PMID: 34741039 PMCID: PMC8571369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many toxic secondary metabolites produced by phytopathogens can subvert host immunity, and some of them are recognized as pathogenicity factors. Fusarium head blight and Verticillium wilt are destructive plant diseases worldwide. Using toxins produced by the causal fungi Fusarium graminearum and Verticillium dahliae as screening agents, here we show that the Arabidopsis P4 ATPases AtALA1 and AtALA7 are responsible for cellular detoxification of mycotoxins. Through AtALA1-/AtALA7-mediated vesicle transport, toxins are sequestered in vacuoles for degradation. Overexpression of AtALA1 and AtALA7 significantly increases the resistance of transgenic plants to F. graminearum and V. dahliae, respectively. Notably, the concentration of deoxynivalenol, a mycotoxin harmful to the health of humans and animals, was decreased in transgenic Arabidopsis siliques and maize seeds. This vesicle-mediated cell detoxification process provides a strategy to increase plant resistance against different toxin-associated diseases and to reduce the mycotoxin contamination in food and feed.
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212
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Evaluation of Scopoletin from Penicillium janthinellum Snef1650 for the Control of Heterodera glycines in Soybean. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111143. [PMID: 34833019 PMCID: PMC8625814 DOI: 10.3390/life11111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is responsible for causing a major soybean disease globally. The fungal strain Penicillium janthinellum Snef1650 was evaluated against H. glycines. However, the effective determinants of the P. janthinellum strain are unknown. By performing pot experiments, a functioning compound was isolated from P. janthinellum Snef1650 through organic solvent extraction, semi-preparative HPLC, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and silica gel column chromatography, and the isolated compound was identified to be scopoletin through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HPLC–MS. The pot experiments indicated that the treatment of soybean seeds with scopoletin drastically reduced the SCN population. The field experiments performed in 2017 and 2018 revealed that scopoletin decreased over 43.7% juveniles in the roots and over 61.55% cysts in the soil. Scopoletin treatment also promoted soybean growth and improved its yield, with an increase in plot yield by >5.33%. Scopoletin obtained from P. janthinellum Snef1650 could be used as an anti-H. glycines biocontrol agent.
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213
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TaWAK2A-800, a Wall-Associated Kinase, Participates Positively in Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Sharp Eyespot in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111493. [PMID: 34768923 PMCID: PMC8583783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and sharp eyespot are important diseases of the cereal plants, including bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley. Both diseases are predominately caused by the pathogenic fungi, Fusarium graminearum and Rhizoctonia cerealis. The roles of the wheat-wall-associated kinases (WAKs) in defense against both F. graminearum and R. cerealis have remained largely unknown. This research reports the identification of TaWAK2A-800, a wheat WAK-coding gene located on chromosome 2A, and its functional roles in wheat resistance responses to FHB and sharp eyespot. TaWAK2A-800 transcript abundance was elevated by the early infection of R. cerealis and F. graminearum, or treatment with exogenous chitin. The gene transcript seemed to correspond to the resistance of wheat. Further functional analyses showed that silencing TaWAK2A-800 compromised the resistance of wheat to both FHB (F. graminearum) and sharp eyespot (R. cerealis). Moreover, the silencing reduced the expression levels of six defense-related genes, including the chitin-triggering immune pathway-marker genes, TaCERK1, TaRLCK1B, and TaMPK3. Summarily, TaWAK2A-800 participates positively in the resistance responses to both F. graminearum and R. cerealis, possibly through a chitin-induced pathway in wheat. TaWAK2A-800 will be useful for breeding wheat varieties with resistance to both FHB and sharp eyespot.
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214
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Chen L, Wang H, Yang J, Yang X, Zhang M, Zhao Z, Fan Y, Wang C, Wang J. Bioinformatics and Transcriptome Analysis of CFEM Proteins in Fusarium graminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100871. [PMID: 34682292 PMCID: PMC8540330 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium blight of wheat is usually caused by Fusarium graminearum, and the pathogenic fungi will secrete effectors into the host plant tissue to affect its normal physiological process, so as to make it pathogenic. The CFEM (Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane) protein domain is unique to fungi, but it is not found in all fungi. The CFEM protein contained in F. graminearum may be closely related to pathogenicity. In this study, 23 FgCFEM proteins were identified from the F. graminearum genome. Then, features of these proteins, such as signal peptide, subcellular localization, and transmembrane domains, etc., were analyzed and candidate effectors were screened out. Sequence alignment results revealed that each FgCFEM protein contains one CFEM domain. The amino acids of the CFEM domain are highly conserved and contain eight spaced cysteines, with the exception that FgCFEM8, 9, and 15 lack two cysteines and three cysteines were missed in FgCFEM18 and FgCFEM22. A recently identified CFEM_DR motif was detected in 11 FgCFEMs, and importantly we identified two new conserved motifs containing about 29 and 18 amino acids (CFEM_WR and CFEM_KF), respectively, in some of FgCFEM proteins. Transcriptome analysis of the genes encoding CFEM proteins indicated that all the CFEM-containing genes were expressed during wheat infection, with seven and six genes significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, compared with in planta and in vitro. Based on the above analysis, FgCFEM11 and FgCFEM23 were predicted to be F. graminearum effectors. This study provides the basis for future functional analyses of CFEM proteins in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Chen
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.C.); (H.W.); (M.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.C.); (H.W.); (M.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Junhua Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xianli Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.C.); (H.W.); (M.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yingying Fan
- Institute of Quanlity Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quanlity Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.C.); (H.W.); (M.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-2167131637
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215
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Gao M, He Y, Yin X, Zhong X, Yan B, Wu Y, Chen J, Li X, Zhai K, Huang Y, Gong X, Chang H, Xie S, Liu J, Yue J, Xu J, Zhang G, Deng Y, Wang E, Tharreau D, Wang GL, Yang W, He Z. Ca 2+ sensor-mediated ROS scavenging suppresses rice immunity and is exploited by a fungal effector. Cell 2021; 184:5391-5404.e17. [PMID: 34597584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant immunity is activated upon pathogen perception and often affects growth and yield when it is constitutively active. How plants fine-tune immune homeostasis in their natural habitats remains elusive. Here, we discover a conserved immune suppression network in cereals that orchestrates immune homeostasis, centering on a Ca2+-sensor, RESISTANCE OF RICE TO DISEASES1 (ROD1). ROD1 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by stimulating catalase activity, and its protein stability is regulated by ubiquitination. ROD1 disruption confers resistance to multiple pathogens, whereas a natural ROD1 allele prevalent in indica rice with agroecology-specific distribution enhances resistance without yield penalty. The fungal effector AvrPiz-t structurally mimics ROD1 and activates the same ROS-scavenging cascade to suppress host immunity and promote virulence. We thus reveal a molecular framework adopted by both host and pathogen that integrates Ca2+ sensing and ROS homeostasis to suppress plant immunity, suggesting a principle for breeding disease-resistant, high-yield crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangbin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bingxiao Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Keran Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifeng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangyu Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huizhong Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shenghan Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaxing Yue
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Insititute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guiquan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Didier Tharreau
- PHIM, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, MUSE, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Weibing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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216
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Wang Y, Liang F, Guan F, Yao F, Long L, Zhao X, Duan L, Wu Y, Li H, Li W, Jiang Q, Wei Y, Ma J, Qi P, Deng M, Zheng Y, Kang H, Jiang Y, Chen G. Molecular Mapping and Analysis of an Excellent Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Chinese Wheat Landrace Gaoxianguangtoumai. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:756557. [PMID: 34858460 PMCID: PMC8631748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.756557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese wheat landrace "Gaoxianguangtoumai" (GX) has exhibited a high level of adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust in the field for more than a decade. To reveal the genetic background for APR to stripe rust in GX, a set of 249 F6:8 (F6, F7, and F8) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between GX and the susceptible cultivar "Taichung 29." The parents and RILs were evaluated for disease severity at the adult-plant stage in the field by artificial inoculation with the currently predominant Chinese Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races during three cropping seasons and genotyped using the Wheat 55K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to construct a genetic map with 1,871 SNP markers finally. Two stable APR quantitative trait loci (QTL), QYr.GX-2AS and QYr.GX-7DS in GX, were detected on chromosomes 2AS and 7DS, which explained 15.5-27.0% and 11.5-13.5% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Compared with published Yr genes and QTL, QYr.GX-7DS and Yr18 may be the same, whereas QYr.GX-2AS is likely to be novel. Haplotype analysis revealed that QYr.GX-2AS is likely to be rare which presents in 5.3% of the 325 surveyed Chinese wheat landraces. By analyzing a heterogeneous inbred family (HIF) population from a residual heterozygous plant in an F8 generation of RIL, QYr.GX-2AS was further flanked by KP2A_36.85 and KP2A_38.22 with a physical distance of about 1.37Mb and co-segregated with the KP2A_37.09. Furthermore, three tightly linked Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were highly polymorphic among 109 Chinese wheat cultivars. The results of this study can be used in wheat breeding for improving resistance to stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengying Liang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangnian Guan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangjie Yao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Long
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luyao Duan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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217
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Ji J, Yu J, Yang Y, Yuan X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Sun J, Sun X. Exploration on the Enhancement of Detoxification Ability of Zearalenone and Its Degradation Products of Aspergillus niger FS10 under Directional Stress of Zearalenone. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100720. [PMID: 34679013 PMCID: PMC8537726 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants in food. For food safety, an efficient and environmental-friendly approach to ZEN degradation is significant. In this study, an Aspergillus niger strain, FS10, was stimulated with 1.0 μg/mL ZEN for 24 h, repeating 5 times to obtain a stressed strain, Zearalenone-Stressed-FS10 (ZEN-S-FS10), with high degradation efficiency. The results show that the degradation rate of ZEN-S-FS10 to ZEN can be stabilized above 95%. Through metabolomics analysis of the metabolome difference of FS10 before and after ZEN stimulation, it was found that the change of metabolic profile may be the main reason for the increase in the degradation rate of ZEN. The optimization results of degradation conditions of ZEN-S-FS10 show that the degradation efficiency is the highest with a concentration of 104 CFU/mL and a period of 28 h. Finally, we analyzed the degradation products by UPLC-q-TOF, which shows that ZEN was degraded into two low-toxicity products: C18H22O8S (Zearalenone 4-sulfate) and C18H22O5 ((E)-Zearalenone). This provides a wide range of possibilities for the industrial application of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Guangzhou GRG Metrology and Test Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China;
| | - Jia Yang
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-85329015; Fax: +86-510-85328726
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218
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Wu D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Bai L, Yu F. Emerging roles of pathogen-secreted host mimics in plant disease development. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:1082-1095. [PMID: 34627670 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogens and parasites use multiple virulence factors to successfully infect plants. While most plant-pathogen interaction studies focus on pathogen effectors and their functions in suppressing plant immunity or interfering with normal cellular processes, other virulence factors likely also contribute. Here we highlight another important strategy used by pathogens to promote virulence: secretion of mimics of host molecules, including peptides, phytohormones, and small RNAs, which play diverse roles in plant development and stress responses. Pathogen-secreted mimics hijack the host endogenous signaling pathways, thereby modulating host cellular functions to the benefit of the pathogen and promoting infection. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogen-secreted host mimics will expand our knowledge of host-pathogen coevolution and interactions, while providing new targets for plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dousheng Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Feng Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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219
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Qi K, Han H, Zhang J, Zhou S, Li X, Yang X, Liu W, Lu Y, Li L. Development and characterization of novel Triticum aestivum- Agropyron cristatum 6P Robertsonian translocation lines. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:59. [PMID: 37309319 PMCID: PMC10236080 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP), one of the most important wild relatives of wheat, harbors many desirable genes for wheat genetic improvement. Development of wheat-A. cristatum translocation lines with superior agronomic traits facilitates wheat genetic improvement. In this study, 5106-DS was identified to be a wheat-A. cristatum 6P (6D) disomic substitution line using cytogenetic identification and molecular markers analysis, which displayed higher thousand-grain weight than its wheat parent Triticum aestivum cv. Fukuhokomugi (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD). Analysis of its backcross populations indicated that there might be genes conferring increased grain weight and width on the chromosome 6P of 5106-DS. In the backcross population, we found three plants as Robertsonian translocation lines, created by chromosome centric breakage-fusion. Among them, there are one T6DS·6PL and two T6PS·6DL Robertsonian translocation lines. Additionally, the centromeres of these three translocation lines were determined to be fused centromeres of 6D and 6P using the probes pAcCR1 and pCCS1. The development of Robertsonian translocation lines would promote the utilization of A. cristatum chromosome 6P in wheat improvement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01251-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Haiming Han
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiuquan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xinming Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Weihua Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lihui Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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220
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Zhang X, Wang W, Liu C, Zhu S, Gao H, Xu H, Zhang L, Song J, Song W, Liu K, He H, Ma P. Diagnostic Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR Markers of Wheat Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes Pm21, PmV, and Pm12 Developed for High-Throughput Marker-Assisted Selection. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2844-2850. [PMID: 33881917 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0308-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew is a devastating disease that seriously threatens yield worldwide. Utilization of host resistance is considered an effective strategy to minimize powdery mildew damage. Pm21, PmV, and Pm12 confer broad-spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew in China, of which Pm21 and PmV are allelic genes derived from the 6VS chromosome of Dasypyrum villosum, and Pm12 is derived from the 6SS chromosome of Aegilops speltoides and most likely orthologous to the former two genes. To accurately and efficiently transfer and pyramid these genes using marker-assisted selection (MAS), distinctive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among the exon sequences of Pm21, PmV, and Pm12 and their homologous sequences in the common wheat genome were identified and then used for developing diagnostic Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers. The markers were validated in different genotypes including transgenic vectors, transgenic lines, translocation lines, resistance stocks with documented Pm genes, and in multiple susceptible cultivars without Pm genes. As a result, we initially developed a KASP marker that can simultaneously diagnose Pm21, Pm12, and PmV. Subsequently, we obtained a highly diagnostic KASP marker for each of the three genes that could distinguish among the three genes and also accurately distinguish them from other resistant stocks with documented Pm genes and from multiple susceptible genotypes. Compared with previously reported markers, the highly diagnostic KASP markers developed in this study have the advantages of low cost, easy assay, accuracy, and potentially high throughput for MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Shanying Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Huiming Gao
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Lipei Zhang
- Yantai Jien Biological Science & Technology Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 265100, China
| | - Jiancheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
- Yantai Jien Biological Science & Technology Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 265100, China
| | - Wenyue Song
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Kaichang Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Huagang He
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
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221
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Evolution of Fusarium Head Blight Management in Wheat: Scientific Perspectives on Biological Control Agents and Crop Genotypes Protocooperation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past century, the economically devastating Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease has persistently ravished small grain cereal crops worldwide. Annually, losses globally are in the billions of United States dollars (USD), with common bread wheat and durum wheat accounting for a major portion of these losses. Since the unforgettable FHB epidemics of the 1990s and early 2000s in North America, different management strategies have been employed to treat this disease. However, even with some of the best practices including chemical fungicides and innovative breeding technological advances that have given rise to a spectrum of moderately resistant cultivars, FHB still remains an obstinate problem in cereal farms globally. This is in part due to several constraints such as the Fusarium complex of species and the struggle to develop and employ methods that can effectively combat more than one pathogenic line or species simultaneously. This review highlights the last 100 years of major FHB epidemics in the US and Canada, as well as the evolution of different management strategies, and recent progress in resistance and cultivar development. It also takes a look at protocooperation between specific biocontrol agents and cereal genotypes as a promising tool for combatting FHB.
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222
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Antagonism to Plant Pathogens by Epichloë Fungal Endophytes-A Review. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101997. [PMID: 34685806 PMCID: PMC8539511 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epichloë is a genus of filamentous fungal endophytes that has co-evolved with cool-season grasses with which they form long-term, symbiotic associations. The most agriculturally important associations for pasture persistence for grazing livestock are those between asexual vertically transmitted Epichloë strains and the pasture species, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue. The fungus confers additional traits to their host grasses including invertebrate pest deterrence and drought tolerance. Selected strains of these mutualistic endophytes have been developed into highly efficacious biocontrol products and are widely utilized within the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand for pasture persistence. Less publicized is the antagonism Epichloë endophytes display towards multiple species of saprophytic and pathogenic microbes. This opinion piece will review the current literature on antimicrobial properties exhibited by this genus of endophyte and discuss the reasons why this trait has historically remained a research curiosity rather than a trait of commercial significance.
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223
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Watanabe Y, Spangenberg GC, Shinozuka H. Fungus-originated glucanase and monooxygenase genes in creeping bent grass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257173. [PMID: 34506557 PMCID: PMC8432771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed presence of fungus-originated genes in genomes of cool-season grasses, suggesting occurrence of multiple ancestral gene transfer events between the two distant lineages. The current article describes identification of glucanase-like and monooxygenase-like genes from creeping bent grass, as lateral gene transfer candidates. An in silico analysis suggested presence of the glucanase-like gene in Agrostis, Deyeuxia, and Polypogon genera, but not in other species belonging to the clade 1 of the Poeae tribe. Similarly, the monooxygenase-like gene was confined to Agrostis and Deyeuxia genera. A consistent result was obtained from PCR-based screening. The glucanase-like gene was revealed to be ubiquitously expressed in young seedlings of creeping bent grass. Although expression of the monooxygenase-like gene was suggested in plant tissues, the levels were considerably lower than those of the glucanase-like gene. A phylogenetic analysis revealed close relationships of the two genes between the corresponding genes in fungal endophyte species of the Epichloë genus, suggesting that the genes originated from the Epichloë lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Watanabe
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - German C. Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Shinozuka
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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224
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Simultaneous quantitation of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes of DON-producing Fusarium species in Chinese wheat based on duplex droplet digital PCR assay. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 190:106319. [PMID: 34480973 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens within Fusarium species are the primary agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, which bring about yield reduction and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination and are of great concern worldwide. DON-producing Fusarium species can be classified into 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotypes according to the trichothecene metabolites they produce. The detection of these two chemotypes of pathogens is paramount to the successful implementation of disease management strategies and pathogen-related DON forecasting models. In this study, a duplex droplet digital PCR (duplex ddPCR) assay was developed that allowed for the simultaneous quantitation of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes of DON-producing Fusarium species. The assay specificity was tested against 30 isolates of target Fusarium species and several non-target Fusarium species that are frequently isolated from wheat in China. Analyzing 90 wheat samples collected from the North China plain and Yangtze River plain demonstrated that the duplex ddPCR assay coupled with magnetic bead-based DNA extraction was competent for investigating composition of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes in Chinese wheat. This assay will be useful for monitoring the epidemic and geographic distribution of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes of FHB pathogens, which will help with the disease control and DON management.
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225
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Yan H, Li G, Shi J, Tian S, Zhang X, Cheng R, Wang X, Yuan Y, Cao S, Zhou J, Kong Z, Jia H, Ma Z. Genetic control of Fusarium head blight resistance in two Yangmai 158-derived recombinant inbred line populations. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3037-3049. [PMID: 34110431 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stably expressed type I and type II resistance QTL were identified using two Yangmai 158-derived RIL populations, and plant-height and flowering-time QTL intervals detected did not contribute to the FHB resistance variations. Yangmai 158 (Y158) is an elite wheat cultivar widely grown in China with stable Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance. To enrich the genetic basis underlying FHB resistance, QTL mapping was conducted using two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from crosses of Y158 with susceptible lines Annong 8455 and Veery. Survey with makers linked to Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4 and Fhb5 in resistance cultivar Wangshuibai indicated that both Y158 and the susceptible lines do not contain these QTL. The RIL populations were surveyed with 65 PCR markers and 55 K chip, which generated 23,159 valid marker data, to produce genetic maps for whole genome scanning of quantitative trait loci (QTL). A total of six QTL, all with the Y158 alleles for better resistance and including one stably expressed QTL for type I resistance (Qfhi.nau-2D) and one stably expressed QTL for type II resistance (Qfhs.nau-2A), were identified. Moreover, taking advantage of the great genetic variations in plant height and flowering time, QTL conditioning these two traits were determined. Of six plant-height QTL and three flowering-time QTL intervals detected, none were associated with FHB resistance. The FHB resistance QTL in Y158 were shown to be useful alternatives in FHB resistance breeding programs. The SNP markers flanking Qfhs.nau-2A and Qfhi.nau-2D have been converted to breeder-friendly PCR-based markers to facilitate their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Yan
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinxing Shi
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - ShunShun Tian
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhang
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouyang Cao
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiyang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhongxin Kong
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhengqiang Ma
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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226
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Bigotti MG, Brancaccio A. High degree of conservation of the enzymes synthesizing the laminin-binding glycoepitope of α-dystroglycan. Open Biol 2021; 11:210104. [PMID: 34582712 PMCID: PMC8478517 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dystroglycan (DG) complex plays a pivotal role for the stabilization of muscles in Metazoa. It is formed by two subunits, extracellular α-DG and transmembrane β-DG, originating from a unique precursor via a complex post-translational maturation process. The α-DG subunit is extensively glycosylated in sequential steps by several specific enzymes and employs such glycan scaffold to tightly bind basement membrane molecules. Mutations of several of these enzymes cause an alteration of the carbohydrate structure of α-DG, resulting in severe neuromuscular disorders collectively named dystroglycanopathies. Given the fundamental role played by DG in muscle stability, it is biochemically and clinically relevant to investigate these post-translational modifying enzymes from an evolutionary perspective. A first phylogenetic history of the thirteen enzymes involved in the fabrication of the so-called 'M3 core' laminin-binding epitope has been traced by an overall sequence comparison approach, and interesting details on the primordial enzyme set have emerged, as well as substantial conservation in Metazoa. The optimization along with the evolution of a well-conserved enzymatic set responsible for the glycosylation of α-DG indicate the importance of the glycosylation shell in modulating the connection between sarcolemma and surrounding basement membranes to increase skeletal muscle stability, and eventually support movement and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bigotti
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK,School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC) - CNR, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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227
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Aubin E, El Baidouri M, Panaud O. Horizontal Gene Transfers in Plants. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080857. [PMID: 34440601 PMCID: PMC8401529 DOI: 10.3390/life11080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, as in all eukaryotes, the vertical transmission of genetic information through reproduction ensures the maintenance of the integrity of species. However, many reports over the past few years have clearly shown that horizontal gene transfers, referred to as HGTs (the interspecific transmission of genetic information across reproductive barriers) are very common in nature and concern all living organisms including plants. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) has opened new perspectives for the study of HGTs through comparative genomic approaches. In this review, we provide an up-to-date view of our current knowledge of HGTs in plants.
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228
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Dynamic Diversity of NLR Genes in Triticum and Mining of Promising NLR Alleles for Disease Resistance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:965-977. [PMID: 34449534 PMCID: PMC8929112 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bread wheat is an essential crop with the second-highest global production after maize. Currently, wheat diseases are a serious threat to wheat production. Therefore, efficient breeding for disease resistance is extremely urgent in modern wheat. Here, we identified 2012 NLR genes from hexaploid wheat, and Ks values of paired syntenic NLRs showed a significant peak at 3.1–6.3 MYA, which exactly coincided with the first hybridization event between A and B genome lineages at ~5.5 MYA. We provided a landscape of dynamic diversity of NLRs from Triticum and Aegilops and found that NLR genes have higher diversity in wild progenitors and relatives. Further, most NLRs had opposite diversity patterns between genic and 2 Kb-promoter regions, which might respectively link sub/neofunctionalization and loss of duplicated NLR genes. Additionally, we identified an alien introgression of chromosome 4A in tetraploid emmer wheat, which was similar to that in hexaploid wheat. Transcriptome data from four experiments of wheat disease resistance helped to profile the expression pattern of NLR genes and identified promising NLRs involved in broad-spectrum disease resistance. Our study provided insights into the diversity evolution of NLR genes and identified beneficial NLRs to deploy into modern wheat in future wheat disease-resistance breeding.
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INTERMEDIUM-M encodes an HvAP2L-H5 ortholog and is required for inflorescence indeterminacy and spikelet determinacy in barley. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2011779118. [PMID: 33593903 PMCID: PMC7923579 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011779118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meristem determinacy/indeterminacy influences flower number and seed production in crops. Two closely related cool-season cereals, barley and wheat, produce variable and defined numbers of spikelets in their inflorescences, respectively. In this study, we identify a series of allelic barley mutants named intermedium-m and double seed1 that develop wheat-like determinate inflorescences producing a terminal spikelet and a reduced number of spikelets. INT-M/DUB1 is an APETALA2-like transcription factor that promotes an active inflorescence meristem via suppression of spikelet initiation and the maintenance of meristem identity. Our work has identified key regulators that may prolong meristem activities and could be genetically engineered in barley, wheat, and other cereals to improve grain yield. Inflorescence architecture dictates the number of flowers and, ultimately, seeds. The architectural discrepancies between two related cereals, barley and wheat, are controlled by differences in determinacy of inflorescence and spikelet meristems. Here, we characterize two allelic series of mutations named intermedium-m (int-m) and double seed1 (dub1) that convert barley indeterminate inflorescences into wheat-like determinate inflorescences bearing a multifloreted terminal spikelet and spikelets with additional florets. INT-M/DUB1 encodes an APETALA2-like transcription factor (HvAP2L-H5) that suppresses ectopic and precocious spikelet initiation signals and maintains meristem activity. HvAP2L-H5 inhibits the identity shift of an inflorescence meristem (IM) to a terminal spikelet meristem (TSM) in barley. Null mutations in AP2L-5 lead to fewer spikelets per inflorescence but extra florets per spikelet. In wheat, prolonged and elevated AP2L-A5 activity in rAP2L-A5 mutants delays but does not suppress the IM−TSM transition. We hypothesize that the regulation of AP2L-5 orthologs and downstream genes contributes to the different inflorescence determinacy in barley and wheat. We show that AP2L-5 proteins are evolutionarily conserved in grasses, promote IM activity, and restrict floret number per spikelet. This study provides insights into the regulation of spikelet and floret number, and hence grain yield in barley and wheat.
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230
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Pastuszak J, Szczerba A, Dziurka M, Hornyák M, Kopeć P, Szklarczyk M, Płażek A. Physiological and Biochemical Response to Fusarium culmorum Infection in Three Durum Wheat Genotypes at Seedling and Full Anthesis Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147433. [PMID: 34299055 PMCID: PMC8303160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium culmorum is a worldwide, soil-borne plant pathogen. It causes diseases of cereals, reduces their yield, and fills the grain with toxins. The main direction of modern breeding is to select wheat genotypes the most resistant to Fusarium diseases. This study uses seedlings and plants at the anthesis stage to analyze total soluble carbohydrates, total and cell-wall bound phenolics, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, hydrogen peroxide content, mycotoxin accumulation, visual symptoms of the disease, and Fusarium head blight index (FHBi). These results determine the resistance of three durum wheat accessions. We identify physiological or biochemical markers of durum wheat resistance to F. culmorum. Our results confirm correlations between FHBi and mycotoxin accumulation in the grain, which results in grain yield decrease. The degree of spike infection (FHBi) may indicate accumulation mainly of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the grain. High catalase activity in the infected leaves could be considered a biochemical marker of durum sensitivity to this fungus. These findings allowed us to formulate a strategy for rapid evaluation of the disease severity and the selection of plants with higher level, or resistance to F. culmorum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Pastuszak
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.H.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Szczerba
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Marta Hornyák
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.H.); (A.P.)
- Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Marek Szklarczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.H.); (A.P.)
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231
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Chhabra B, Tiwari V, Gill BS, Dong Y, Rawat N. Discovery of a susceptibility factor for Fusarium head blight on chromosome 7A of wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2273-2289. [PMID: 33834252 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Discovery and mapping of a susceptibility factor located on the short arm of wheat chromosome 7A whose deletion makes plants resistant to Fusarium head blight. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease of wheat caused by Fusarium spp. deteriorates both quantity and quality of the crop. Manipulation of susceptibility factors, the plant genes facilitating disease development, offers a novel and alternative strategy for enhancing FHB resistance in plants. In this study, a major effect susceptibility gene for FHB was identified on the short arm of chromosome 7A (7AS). Nullisomic-tetrasomic lines for homoeologous group-7 of wheat revealed dosage effect of the gene, with tetrasomic 7A being more susceptible than control Chinese Spring wheat, qualifying it as a genuine susceptibility factor. Five chromosome 7A inter-varietal substitution lines and a tetraploid Triticum dicoccoides 7A substitution line showed similar susceptibility as that of Chinese Spring, indicating toward the commonality of the susceptibility factor among these diverse genotypes. The susceptibility factor was named as Sf-Fhb-7AS and mapped on chromosome 7AS to a 48.5-50.5 Mb peri-centromeric region between del7AS-3 and del7AS-8. Our results showed that deletion of Sf-Fhb-7AS imparts 50-60% type 2 FHB resistance and its manipulation can be used to enhance resistance against FHB in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavit Chhabra
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Vijay Tiwari
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bikram S Gill
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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232
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Wang J, Li L, Li C, Yang X, Xue Y, Zhu Z, Mao X, Jing R. A transposon in the vacuolar sorting receptor gene TaVSR1-B promoter region is associated with wheat root depth at booting stage. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1456-1467. [PMID: 33555662 PMCID: PMC8313126 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Root depth, as an important component of root architecture, plays a significant role in growth, grain yield determination and abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants, but its genetic basis remains poorly elucidated. In this study, a panel composed of 323 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions was assessed for variation in root depth and genotyped with the Wheat 660K SNP Array. GWAS (genome-wide association study) detected significant association between a 125 bp miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) in the promoter of the TaVSR1-B gene with root depth at the booting stage. We showed that the MITE repressed TaVSR1-B expression by DNA methylation and H3K27 tri-methylation. The roles of TaVSR1-B in root growth were verified by altered expression of the gene in transgenic wheat, rice and a tavsr1 TILLING mutant. Increased TaVSR1-B expression made the root elongation zone shorter and the differentiation zone longer, leading to deeper root. This work provides novel insight into the genetic basis of variation in root depth and a promising target for genetic improvement of root architecture in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xi Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yinghong Xue
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhi Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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233
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Buerstmayr M, Wagner C, Nosenko T, Omony J, Steiner B, Nussbaumer T, Mayer KFX, Buerstmayr H. Fusarium head blight resistance in European winter wheat: insights from genome-wide transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:470. [PMID: 34167474 PMCID: PMC8228913 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Resistance to FHB is quantitatively controlled by the combined effects of many small to medium effect QTL. Flowering traits, especially the extent of extruded anthers, are strongly associated with FHB resistance. Results To characterize the genetic basis of FHB resistance, we generated and analyzed phenotypic and gene expression data on the response to Fusarium graminearum (Fg) infection in 96 European winter wheat genotypes, including several lines containing introgressions from the highly resistant Asian cultivar Sumai3. The 96 lines represented a broad range in FHB resistance and were assigned to sub-groups based on their phenotypic FHB severity score. Comparative analyses were conducted to connect sub-group-specific expression profiles in response to Fg infection with FHB resistance level. Collectively, over 12,300 wheat genes were Fusarium responsive. The core set of genes induced in response to Fg was common across different resistance groups, indicating that the activation of basal defense response mechanisms was largely independent of the resistance level of the wheat line. Fg-induced genes tended to have higher expression levels in more susceptible genotypes. Compared to the more susceptible non-Sumai3 lines, the Sumai3-derivatives demonstrated higher constitutive expression of genes associated with cell wall and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis and higher constitutive and Fg-induced expression of genes involved in terpene metabolism. Gene expression analysis of the FHB QTL Qfhs.ifa-5A identified a constitutively expressed gene encoding a stress response NST1-like protein (TraesCS5A01G211300LC) as a candidate gene for FHB resistance. NST1 genes are key regulators of secondary cell wall biosynthesis in anther endothecium cells. Whether the stress response NST1-like gene affects anther extrusion, thereby affecting FHB resistance, needs further investigation. Conclusion Induced and preexisting cell wall components and terpene metabolites contribute to resistance and limit fungal colonization early on. In contrast, excessive gene expression directs plant defense response towards programmed cell death which favors necrotrophic growth of the Fg pathogen and could thus lead to increased fungal colonization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07800-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buerstmayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Christian Wagner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
| | - Tetyana Nosenko
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS) at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jimmy Omony
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institut für Asthma- und Allergieprävention (IAP), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institute of Network Biology (INET), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA-T, Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
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234
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Su J, Zhao J, Zhao S, Li M, Pang S, Kang Z, Zhen W, Chen S, Chen F, Wang X. Genetics of Resistance to Common Root Rot (Spot Blotch), Fusarium Crown Rot, and Sharp Eyespot in Wheat. Front Genet 2021; 12:699342. [PMID: 34249110 PMCID: PMC8260946 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.699342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to soil changes, high density planting, and the use of straw-returning methods, wheat common root rot (spot blotch), Fusarium crown rot (FCR), and sharp eyespot (sheath blight) have become severe threats to global wheat production. Only a few wheat genotypes show moderate resistance to these root and crown rot fungal diseases, and the genetic determinants of wheat resistance to these devastating diseases are poorly understood. This review summarizes recent results of genetic studies of wheat resistance to common root rot, Fusarium crown rot, and sharp eyespot. Wheat germplasm with relatively higher resistance are highlighted and genetic loci controlling the resistance to each disease are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiaojie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuyong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenchao Zhen
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shisheng Chen
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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235
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Qiao L, Liu S, Li J, Li S, Yu Z, Liu C, Li X, Liu J, Ren Y, Zhang P, Zhang X, Yang Z, Chang Z. Development of Sequence-Tagged Site Marker Set for Identification of J, J S, and St Sub-genomes of Thinopyrum intermedium in Wheat Background. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:685216. [PMID: 34249056 PMCID: PMC8261300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.685216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, JJJSJSStSt) is one of the important resources for the wheat improvement. So far, a few Th. intermedium (Thi)-specific molecular markers have been reported, but the number is far from enough to meet the need of identifying alien fragments in wheat-Th. intermedium hybrids. In this study, 5,877,409 contigs were assembled using the Th. intermedium genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. We obtained 5,452 non-redundant contigs containing mapped Thi-GBS markers with less than 20% similarity to the wheat genome and developed 2,019 sequence-tagged site (STS) molecular markers. Among the markers designed, 745 Thi-specific markers with amplification products in Th. intermedium but not in eight wheat landraces were further selected. The distribution of these markers in different homologous groups of Th. intermedium varied from 47 (7/12/28 on 6J/6St/6JS) to 183 (54/62/67 on 7J/7St/7JS). Furthermore, the effectiveness of these Thi-specific markers was verified using wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphidiploids, addition lines, substitution lines, and translocation lines. Markers developed in this study provide a convenient, rapid, reliable, and economical method for identifying Th. intermedium chromosomes in wheat. In addition, this set of Thi-specific markers can also be used to estimate genetic and physical locations of Th. intermedium chromatin in the introgression lines, thus providing valuable information for follow-up studies such as alien gene mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Qiao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Shijiao Li
- Department of Botany, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhihui Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Botany, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongkang Ren
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zujun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijian Chang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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236
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Liang Y, Liu HJ, Yan J, Tian F. Natural Variation in Crops: Realized Understanding, Continuing Promise. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:357-385. [PMID: 33481630 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-090632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Crops feed the world's population and shape human civilization. The improvement of crop productivity has been ongoing for almost 10,000 years and has evolved from an experience-based to a knowledge-driven practice over the past three decades. Natural alleles and their reshuffling are long-standing genetic changes that affect how crops respond to various environmental conditions and agricultural practices. Decoding the genetic basis of natural variation is central to understanding crop evolution and, in turn, improving crop breeding. Here, we review current advances in the approaches used to map the causal alleles of natural variation, provide refined insights into the genetics and evolution of natural variation, and outline how this knowledge promises to drive the development of sustainable agriculture under the dome of emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; ,
| | - Hai-Jun Liu
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; ,
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237
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Hawkes CV, Kjøller R, Raaijmakers JM, Riber L, Christensen S, Rasmussen S, Christensen JH, Dahl AB, Westergaard JC, Nielsen M, Brown-Guedira G, Hestbjerg Hansen L. Extension of Plant Phenotypes by the Foliar Microbiome. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:823-846. [PMID: 34143648 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-114342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The foliar microbiome can extend the host plant phenotype by expanding its genomic and metabolic capabilities. Despite increasing recognition of the importance of the foliar microbiome for plant fitness, stress physiology, and yield, the diversity, function, and contribution of foliar microbiomes to plant phenotypic traits remain largely elusive. The recent adoption of high-throughput technologies is helping to unravel the diversityand spatiotemporal dynamics of foliar microbiomes, but we have yet to resolve their functional importance for plant growth, development, and ecology. Here, we focus on the processes that govern the assembly of the foliar microbiome and the potential mechanisms involved in extended plant phenotypes. We highlight knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for new research directions that can propel the field forward. These efforts will be instrumental in maximizing the functional potential of the foliar microbiome for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA;
| | - Rasmus Kjøller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Leise Riber
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
| | - Svend Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
| | - Anders Bjorholm Dahl
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
| | - Mads Nielsen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA;
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; , , , ,
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238
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Zhang J, Hewitt TC, Boshoff WHP, Dundas I, Upadhyaya N, Li J, Patpour M, Chandramohan S, Pretorius ZA, Hovmøller M, Schnippenkoetter W, Park RF, Mago R, Periyannan S, Bhatt D, Hoxha S, Chakraborty S, Luo M, Dodds P, Steuernagel B, Wulff BBH, Ayliffe M, McIntosh RA, Zhang P, Lagudah ES. A recombined Sr26 and Sr61 disease resistance gene stack in wheat encodes unrelated NLR genes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3378. [PMID: 34099713 PMCID: PMC8184838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The re-emergence of stem rust on wheat in Europe and Africa is reinforcing the ongoing need for durable resistance gene deployment. Here, we isolate from wheat, Sr26 and Sr61, with both genes independently introduced as alien chromosome introgressions from tall wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum). Mutational genomics and targeted exome capture identify Sr26 and Sr61 as separate single genes that encode unrelated (34.8%) nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat proteins. Sr26 and Sr61 are each validated by transgenic complementation using endogenous and/or heterologous promoter sequences. Sr61 orthologs are absent from current Thinopyrum elongatum and wheat pan genome sequences, contrasting with Sr26 where homologues are present. Using gene-specific markers, we validate the presence of both genes on a single recombinant alien segment developed in wheat. The co-location of these genes on a small non-recombinogenic segment simplifies their deployment as a gene stack and potentially enhances their resistance durability. The tall wheat grass-derived stem rust resistance genes Sr26 and Sr61 are among a few ones that are effective to all current dominant races of stem rust, including Ug99. Here, the authors show that the two genes are present in a small non-recombinogenic segment but encode two unrelated NLR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Timothy C Hewitt
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Willem H P Boshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ian Dundas
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | | | - Jianbo Li
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehran Patpour
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Zacharias A Pretorius
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | | | - Robert F Park
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohit Mago
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Dhara Bhatt
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sami Hoxha
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ming Luo
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter Dodds
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Robert A McIntosh
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia.
| | - Evans S Lagudah
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia. .,CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Zhou Y, Bai S, Li H, Sun G, Zhang D, Ma F, Zhao X, Nie F, Li J, Chen L, Lv L, Zhu L, Fan R, Ge Y, Shaheen A, Guo G, Zhang Z, Ma J, Liang H, Qiu X, Hu J, Sun T, Hou J, Xu H, Xue S, Jiang W, Huang J, Li S, Zou C, Song CP. Introgressing the Aegilops tauschii genome into wheat as a basis for cereal improvement. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:774-786. [PMID: 34045708 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop production is necessary to feed the world's expanding population, and crop breeders often utilize genetic variations to improve crop yield and quality. However, the narrow diversity of the wheat D genome seriously restricts its selective breeding. A practical solution is to exploit the genomic variations of Aegilops tauschii via introgression. Here, we established a rapid introgression platform for transferring the overall genetic variations of A. tauschii to elite wheats, thereby enriching the wheat germplasm pool. To accelerate the process, we assembled four new reference genomes, resequenced 278 accessions of A. tauschii and constructed the variation landscape of this wheat progenitor species. Genome comparisons highlighted diverse functional genes or novel haplotypes with potential applications in wheat improvement. We constructed the core germplasm of A. tauschii, including 85 accessions covering more than 99% of the species' overall genetic variations. This was crossed with elite wheat cultivars to generate an A. tauschii-wheat synthetic octoploid wheat (A-WSOW) pool. Laboratory and field analysis with two examples of the introgression lines confirmed its great potential for wheat breeding. Our high-quality reference genomes, genomic variation landscape of A. tauschii and the A-WSOW pool provide valuable resources to facilitate gene discovery and breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shenglong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guiling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dale Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fang Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liyang Chen
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lele Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruixiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yifan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Aaqib Shaheen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guanghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaolong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiamin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jingyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shulin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Suoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Changsong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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A Heterozygous Genotype-Dependent Branched-Spike Wheat and the Potential Genetic Mechanism Revealed by Transcriptome Sequencing. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050437. [PMID: 34068944 PMCID: PMC8157103 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper reported a novel type of branched spike wheat from a natural mutation event. The branched spike was controlled by a heterozygous genotype. The genetic patterns showed that gametophytic male sterility probably contributed to the heterozygous genotype responsible for the branched spike trait. Expressional levels and Wheat FRIZZY PANICLE (WFZP) sequencing between the mutant with the branched spike and the wild-type with the normal spike showed that WFZP was not the causal gene for the branched spike. Data from transcriptome sequencing indicated that carbohydrate metabolism might be involved in the formation of the branched spike trait. Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike architecture is an important trait associated with spike development and grain yield. Here, we report a naturally occurring wheat mutant with branched spikelets (BSL) from its wild-type YD-16, which has a normal spike trait and confers a moderate level of resistance to wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB). The lateral meristems positioned at the basal parts of the rachis node of the BSL mutant develop into ramified spikelets characterized as multiple spikelets. The BSL mutant shows three to four-day longer growth period but less 1000-grain weight than the wild type, and it becomes highly susceptible to FHB infection, indicating that the locus controlling the BSL trait may have undergone an intensively artificial and/or natural selection in modern breeding process. The self-pollinated descendants of the lines with the BSL trait consistently segregated with an equal ratio of branched and normal spikelets (NSL) wheat, and homozygotes with the BSL trait could not be achieved even after nine cycles of self-pollination. Distinct segregation patterns both from the self-pollinated progenies of the BSL plants and from the reciprocal crosses between the BSL plants with their sister NSL plants suggested that gametophytic male sterility was probably associated with the heterozygosity for the BSL trait. Transcriptome sequencing of the RNA bulks contrasting in the two types of spike trait at the heading stage indicated that the genes on chromosome 2DS may be critical for the BSL trait formation since 329 out of 2540 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were located on that chromosome, and most of them were down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that carbohydrate metabolism may be involved in the BSL trait expression. This work provides valuable clues into understanding development and domestication of wheat spike as well as the association of the BSL trait with FHB susceptibility.
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242
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Chen X, Liu P, Mei L, He X, Chen L, Liu H, Shen S, Ji Z, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Zeng D, Qian Q, Ma B. Xa7, a new executor R gene that confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight disease in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100143. [PMID: 34027390 PMCID: PMC8132130 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) is a globally devastating rice disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The use of disease resistance (R) genes in rice breeding is an effective and economical strategy for the control of this disease. Nevertheless, a majority of R genes lack durable resistance for long-term use under global warming conditions. Here, we report the isolation of a novel executor R gene, Xa7, that confers extremely durable, broad-spectrum, and heat-tolerant resistance to Xoo. The expression of Xa7 was induced by incompatible Xoo strains that secreted the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) AvrXa7 or PthXo3, which recognized effector binding elements (EBEs) in the Xa7 promoter. Furthermore, Xa7 induction was faster and stronger under high temperatures. Overexpression of Xa7 or co-transformation of Xa7 with avrXa7 triggered a hypersensitive response in plants. Constitutive expression of Xa7 activated a defense response in the absence of Xoo but inhibited the growth of transgenic rice plants. In addition, analysis of over 3000 rice varieties showed that the Xa7 locus was found primarily in the indica and aus subgroups. A variation consisting of an 11-bp insertion and a base substitution (G to T) was found in EBEAvrXa7 in the tested varieties, resulting in a loss of Xa7 BB resistance. Through a decade of effort, we have identified an important BB resistance gene and characterized its distinctive interaction with Xoo strains; these findings will greatly facilitate research on the molecular mechanism of Xa7-mediated resistance and promote the use of this valuable gene in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Le Mei
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiaoling He
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shurong Shen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhandong Ji
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xixi Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qian Qian
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bojun Ma
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Corresponding author
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243
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Yang G, Boshoff WHP, Li H, Pretorius ZA, Luo Q, Li B, Li Z, Zheng Q. Chromosomal composition analysis and molecular marker development for the novel Ug99-resistant wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum translocation line WTT34. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1587-1599. [PMID: 33677639 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel Ug99-resistant wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum translocation line was produced, its chromosomal composition was analyzed and specific markers were developed. Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn (Pgt) has seriously threatened global wheat production since Ug99 race TTKSK was first detected in Uganda in 1998. Thinopyrum ponticum is near immune to Ug99 races and may be useful for enhancing wheat disease resistance. Therefore, developing new wheat-Th. ponticum translocation lines that are resistant to Ug99 is crucial. In this study, a novel wheat-Th. ponticum translocation line, WTT34, was produced. Seedling and field evaluation revealed that WTT34 is resistant to Ug99 race PTKST. The resistance was derived from the alien parent Th. ponticum. Screening WTT34 with markers linked to Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr43, and SrB resulted in the amplification of different DNA fragments from Th. ponticum, implying WTT34 carries at least one novel stem rust resistance gene. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH), and multi-color GISH (mc-GISH) analyses indicated that WTT34 carries a T5DS·5DL-Th translocation, which was consistent with wheat660K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array results. The SNP array also uncovered a deletion event in the terminal region of chromosome 1D. Additionally, the homeology between alien segments and the wheat chromosomes 2A and 5D was confirmed. Furthermore, 51 PCR-based markers derived from the alien segments of WTT34 were developed based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). These markers may enable wheat breeders to rapidly trace Th. ponticum chromosomal segments carrying Ug99 resistance gene(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Willem H P Boshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zacharias A Pretorius
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Qiaoling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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244
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Mishra D, Suri GS, Kaur G, Tiwari M. Comprehensive analysis of structural, functional, and evolutionary dynamics of Leucine Rich Repeats-RLKs in Thinopyrum elongatum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:513-527. [PMID: 33933540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leucine Rich Repeats-receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs) regulate several critical biological processes ranging from growth and development to stress response. Thinopyrum elongatum harbours many desirable traits such as biotic and abiotic stress resistance and therefore commonly used by wheat breeders. In the present investigation, in-silico analysis of LRR-RLKs yielded 589 genes of which 431 were membrane surface RLKs and 158 were receptor like cytoplasmic kinases. An insight into the gene and protein structure revealed quite a conserved nature of these proteins within subgroups. A large expansion in LRR-RLKs was due to tandem and segmental duplication event. Maximum number of tandem and segmentally duplicated pairs was observed in LRR-VI and LRR-XII subfamily, respectively. Furthermore, syntenic analyses revealed that chromosome 6 harboured more (48) tandem duplicated genes while chromosome 7 possessed more (47) segmentally duplicated genes. A detailed analysis about the gene duplication events coupled with expression profiles during Fusarium graminearum infection and water deficiency unravelled the expansion of the gene family with sub functionalization and neofunctionalization. Interaction network analysis showed that LRR-RLKs can heterodimerize upon ligand binding to perform various plant functional attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mishra
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | | | - Gurleen Kaur
- California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, United States
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, United States.
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Detoxification and Excretion of Trichothecenes in Transgenic Arabidopsisthaliana Expressing Fusarium graminearum Trichothecene 3- O-acetyltransferase. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050320. [PMID: 33946742 PMCID: PMC8145220 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), produces trichothecenes including deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and 3,7,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (NX-3). These toxins contaminate grains and cause profound health problems in humans and animals. To explore exploiting a fungal self-protection mechanism in plants, we examined the ability of F. graminearum trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (FgTri101) to detoxify several key trichothecenes produced by F. graminearum: DON, 15-ADON, NX-3, and NIV. FgTri101 was cloned from F. graminearum and expressed in Arabidopsis plants. We compared the phytotoxic effects of purified DON, NIV, and NX-3 on the root growth of transgenic Arabidopsis expressing FgTri101. Compared to wild type and GUS controls, FgTri101 transgenic Arabidopsis plants displayed significantly longer root length on media containing DON and NX-3. Furthermore, we confirmed that the FgTri101 transgenic plants acetylated DON to 3-ADON, 15-ADON to 3,15-diADON, and NX-3 to NX-2, but did not acetylate NIV. Approximately 90% of the converted toxins were excreted into the media. Our study indicates that transgenic Arabidopsis expressing FgTri101 can provide plant protection by detoxifying trichothecenes and excreting the acetylated toxins out of plant cells. Characterization of plant transporters involved in trichothecene efflux will provide novel targets to reduce FHB and mycotoxin contamination in economically important plant crops.
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246
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Haldar A, Tekieh F, Balcerzak M, Wolfe D, Lim D, Joustra K, Konkin D, Han F, Fedak G, Ouellet T. Introgression of Thinopyrum elongatum DNA fragments carrying resistance to fusarium head blight into Triticum aestivum cultivar Chinese Spring is associated with alteration of gene expression. Genome 2021; 64:1009-1020. [PMID: 33901415 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tall wheatgrass species Thinopyrum elongatum carries on the long arm of chromosome 7E, a locus that contributes strongly to resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating fungal disease affecting wheat crops in all temperate areas of the world. Introgression of Th. elongatum 7E chromatin into chromosome 7D of wheat was induced by the ph1b mutant of CS. Recombinants between chromosome 7E and wheat chromosome 7D, induced by the ph1b mutation, were monitored by a combination of molecular markers and phenotyping for FHB resistance. Progeny of up to five subsequent generations derived from two lineages, 64-8 and 32-5, were phenotyped for FHB symptoms and genotyped using published and novel 7D- and 7E-specific markers. Fragments from the distal end of 7EL, still carrying FHB resistance and estimated to be less than 114 and 66 Mbp, were identified as introgressed into wheat chromosome arm 7DL of progeny derived from 64-8 and 32-5, respectively. Gene expression analysis revealed variation in the expression levels of genes from the distal ends of 7EL and 7DL in the introgressed progeny. The 7EL introgressed material will facilitate the use of the 7EL FHB resistance locus in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Haldar
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Farideh Tekieh
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Margaret Balcerzak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Danielle Wolfe
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - DaEun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kelsey Joustra
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David Konkin
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Fangpu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No.1, Beijing, China
| | - George Fedak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Thérèse Ouellet
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
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247
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Fedak G, Chi D, Wolfe D, Ouellet T, Cao W, Han F, Xue A. Transfer of fusarium head blight resistance from Thinopyrum elongatum to bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring. Genome 2021; 64:997-1008. [PMID: 33901404 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The diploid form of tall wheatgrass, Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D.R. Dewey (2n = 2x = 14, EE genome), has a high level of resistance to fusarium head blight. The symptoms did not spread beyond the inoculated florets following point inoculation. Using a series of E-genome chromosome additions in a bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) background, the resistance was found to be localized to the long arm of chromosome 7E. The CS mutant ph1b was used to induce recombination between chromosome 7E, present in the 7E(7D) substitution and homoeologous wheat chromosomes. Multivalent chromosome associations were detected in the BC1 hybrids, confirming the effectiveness of the ph1b mutant. Genetic markers specific for chromosome 7E were used to estimate the size of the 7E introgression in the wheat genome. Using single sequence repeat (SSR) markers specific for homoeologous wheat chromosome 7, introgressions were detected on wheat chromosomes 7A, 7B, and 7D. Some of the introgression lines were resistant to fusarium head blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fedak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Dawn Chi
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Danielle Wolfe
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Thérèse Ouellet
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Wenguang Cao
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Fangpu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No.1, Beijing, China
| | - Allen Xue
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
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248
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Filip E, Skuza L. Horizontal Gene Transfer Involving Chloroplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094484. [PMID: 33923118 PMCID: PMC8123421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT)- is defined as the acquisition of genetic material from another organism. However, recent findings indicate a possible role of HGT in the acquisition of traits with adaptive significance, suggesting that HGT is an important driving force in the evolution of eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. It has been noted that, in eukaryotes, HGT is more prevalent than originally thought. Mitochondria and chloroplasts lost a large number of genes after their respective endosymbiotic events occurred. Even after this major content loss, organelle genomes still continue to lose their own genes. Many of these are subsequently acquired by intracellular gene transfer from the original plastid. The aim of our review was to elucidate the role of chloroplasts in the transfer of genes. This review also explores gene transfer involving mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, though recent studies indicate that chloroplast genomes are far more active in HGT as compared to these other two DNA-containing cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Filip
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland;
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland;
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
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249
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Wang S, Huang J. Fungal genes in the innovation and evolution of land plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1879534. [PMID: 33522394 PMCID: PMC7971291 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1879534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although fungal association has been instrumental to the evolution of land plants, how genes of fungal origin might have contributed to major plant innovations remains unclear. In a recent study, we showed that a macro2 domain-containing gene likely acquired from mycorrhiza-like fungi is important in gametophore development of mosses, suggesting a role of fungi-derived genes in the three-dimensional growth of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Perochon A, Benbow HR, Ślęczka-Brady K, Malla KB, Doohan FM. Analysis of the chromosomal clustering of Fusarium-responsive wheat genes uncovers new players in the defence against head blight disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7446. [PMID: 33811222 PMCID: PMC8018971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that some functionally related, co-expressed genes cluster within eukaryotic genomes. We present a novel pipeline that delineates such eukaryotic gene clusters. Using this tool for bread wheat, we uncovered 44 clusters of genes that are responsive to the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. As expected, these Fusarium-responsive gene clusters (FRGCs) included metabolic gene clusters, many of which are associated with disease resistance, but hitherto not described for wheat. However, the majority of the FRGCs are non-metabolic, many of which contain clusters of paralogues, including those implicated in plant disease responses, such as glutathione transferases, MAP kinases, and germin-like proteins. 20 of the FRGCs encode nonhomologous, non-metabolic genes (including defence-related genes). One of these clusters includes the characterised Fusarium resistance orphan gene, TaFROG. Eight of the FRGCs map within 6 FHB resistance loci. One small QTL on chromosome 7D (4.7 Mb) encodes eight Fusarium-responsive genes, five of which are within a FRGC. This study provides a new tool to identify genomic regions enriched in genes responsive to specific traits of interest and applied herein it highlighted gene families, genetic loci and biological pathways of importance in the response of wheat to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Perochon
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Harriet R Benbow
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Ślęczka-Brady
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Keshav B Malla
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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