201
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Zabel BE, Gerdes S, Evans KC, Nedveck D, Singles SK, Volk B, Budinoff C. Strain-specific strategies of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, and difucosyllactose assimilation by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 and ATCC 15697. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15919. [PMID: 32985563 PMCID: PMC7522266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk provides essential nutrients for infant nutrition. A large proportion of human milk is composed of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are resistant to digestion by the infant. Instead, HMOs act as a bioactive and prebiotic enriching HMO-utilizing bacteria and cause systematic changes in the host. Several species of Bifidobacterium have been shown to utilize HMOs by conserved, as well as species-specific pathways, but less work has been done to study variation within species or sub-species. B. longum subsp. infantis is a prevalent species in the breast-fed infant gut and the molecular mechanisms of HMO utilization for the type strain B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 (type strain) have been well characterized. We used growth, transcriptomic, and metabolite analysis to characterize key differences in the utilization of 2'FL, 3FL and DFL (FLs) between B. longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 (Bi-26) and the type strain. Bi-26 grows faster, produces unique metabolites, and has a distinct global gene transcription response to FLs compared to the type strain. Taken together the findings demonstrate major strain specific adaptations in Bi-26 to efficient utilization of FLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Zabel
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Svetlana Gerdes
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kara C Evans
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Derek Nedveck
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Barbara Volk
- Advanced Analytical, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Charles Budinoff
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA
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202
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Brisket Disease Is Associated with Lower Volatile Fatty Acid Production and Altered Rumen Microbiome in Holstein Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091712. [PMID: 32971776 PMCID: PMC7552702 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Development of the dairy industry in the high-altitude plateau environment through incorporation of Holstein cows is complicated by the risk of brisket disease. While the physiological effects of brisket disease are well-studied, its effects on rumen function and microbial community composition are not. There are clear shifts in volatile fatty acids production and rumen microbial community composition in Holstein heifers suffering from brisket disease. Observed shifts reveal key genera associated with healthy and disease states and suggest that bovine brisket disease is associated with impaired rumen functioning. This work supports further understanding of the roles of key rumen taxa in bovine brisket disease, with particular focus on candidate rumen biomarkers in healthy animals that may be able to reduce economic losses for farmers. Abstract Brisket disease is heritable but is also associated with non-genetic risk factors and effects of the disease on the rumen microbiome are unknown. Ten Holstein heifers were exposed to the plateau environment for three months and divided into two groups according to the index of brisket disease, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP): brisket disease group (BD, n = 5, mPAP > 63 mmHg) and healthy heifer group (HH, n = 5, mPAP < 41 mmHg). Rumen fluid was collected for analysis of the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Extracted DNA from rumen contents was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA sequencing technology. The concentration of total VFA and alpha-diversity metrics were significantly lower in BD group (p < 0.05). Ruminococcus and Treponema were significantly decreased in BD heifers (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that 10 genera were related to the mPAP (p < 0.05). Genera of Anaerofustis, Campylobacter, and Catonella were negatively correlated with total VFA and acetic acid (R < −0.7, p < 0.05), while genera of Blautia, YRC22, Ruminococcus, and Treponema were positively related to total VFA and acetic acid (R > 0.7; p < 0.05). Our findings may be a useful biomarker in future brisket disease work.
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203
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Park JC, Im SH. Of men in mice: the development and application of a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model for microbiome therapeutics. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1383-1396. [PMID: 32908211 PMCID: PMC8080820 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence points to the critical role of the gut microbiota in physiology and disease. The administration of live microbes as a therapeutic modality is increasingly being considered. However, key questions such as how to identify candidate microorganisms and which preclinical models are relevant to recapitulate human microbiota remain largely unanswered. The establishment of a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model through the fecal microbiota transplantation of human feces into germ-free mice provides an innovative and powerful tool to mimic the human microbial system. However, numerous considerations are required in designing such a model, as various elements, ranging from the factors pertaining to human donors to the mouse genetic background, affect how microbes colonize the gut. Thus, it is critical to match the murine context to that of human donors to provide a continuous and faithful progression of human flora in mice. This is of even greater importance when the need for accuracy and reproducibility across global research groups are taken into account. Here, we review the key factors that affect the formulation of a humanized mouse model representative of the human gut flora and propose several approaches as to how researchers can effectively design such models for clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chulhoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- ImmunoBiome Inc. POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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204
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Draft Genome Sequences of 15 Bacterial Species Constituting the Stable Defined Intestinal Microbiota of the GM15 Gnotobiotic Mouse Model. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/35/e00686-20. [PMID: 32855247 PMCID: PMC7453283 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00686-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The GM15 community is a bacterial consortium used to generate a novel standardized mouse model with a simplified controlled intestinal microbiota recapitulating the specific opportunistic pathogen-free (SOPF) mouse phenotype and the potential to ensure an increased reproducibility and robustness of preclinical studies by limiting the confounding effect of microbiota composition fluctuation. The GM15 community is a bacterial consortium used to generate a novel standardized mouse model with a simplified controlled intestinal microbiota recapitulating the specific opportunistic pathogen-free (SOPF) mouse phenotype and the potential to ensure an increased reproducibility and robustness of preclinical studies by limiting the confounding effect of microbiota composition fluctuation.
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205
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Ren X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Chen G, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Liu Y. Bacterial Alterations in Post-Cholecystectomy Patients Are Associated With Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1418. [PMID: 32903396 PMCID: PMC7434860 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although increasing evidences showed a correlation between cholecystectomy and the prevalence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC), and shed light on gut microbiota in colorectal pathogenesis, only a few studies focused on microbial alterations after cholecystectomy, and its sequent role in carcinogenesis and progression of CRC has not been reported. Thus, we aimed to investigate the bacterial alterations and tried to clarify their clinical significance. Methods: 104 subjects were enrolled and divided into post-cholecystectomy patients (PC, n = 52) and healthy controls (HC, n = 52). To investigate the bacterial role in carcinogenesis, PC patients were further separated into preCA_CRC (patients with precancerous lesions and/or CRC, n = 9) and non-CA (patients without precancerous lesions and CRC, n = 43) based on the histopathology. Qualified stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the bacterial profile. Results: Our data showed noteworthy compositional and abundant alterations of bacterial microbiota in PC patients, characterized as Bacteroides ovatus, Prevotella copri, and Fusobacterium varium remarkably increased; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia faecis, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis significantly decreased. Additionally, the duration after cholecystectomy was the critical factor that affected bacterial composition. Machine learning-based analysis showed a pivotal role of Megamonas funiformis in discriminating PC from HC subjects and involving in the progression of CRC. Conclusions: The bacterial dysbiosis may associate with CRC in PC patients, and the duration after cholecystectomy was highlighted as an important factor. Altered bacterial microbiota was likely to play a pivotal role in related-disease in the long-term follow-up of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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206
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Friedersdorff JCA, Kingston-Smith AH, Pachebat JA, Cookson AR, Rooke D, Creevey CJ. The Isolation and Genome Sequencing of Five Novel Bacteriophages From the Rumen Active Against Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1588. [PMID: 32760371 PMCID: PMC7372960 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the prokaryotic communities of the rumen microbiome are being uncovered through genome sequencing, little is known about the resident viral populations. Whilst temperate phages can be predicted as integrated prophages when analyzing bacterial and archaeal genomes, the genetics underpinning lytic phages remain poorly characterized. To the five genomes of bacteriophages isolated from rumen-associated samples sequenced and analyzed previously, this study adds a further five novel genomes and predictions gleaned from them to further the understanding of the rumen phage population. Lytic bacteriophages isolated from fresh ovine and bovine fecal and rumen fluid samples were active against the predominant fibrolytic ruminal bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. The double stranded DNA genomes were sequenced and reconstructed into single circular complete contigs. Based on sequence similarity and genome distances, the five phages represent four species from three separate genera, consisting of: (1) Butyrivibrio phages Arian and Bo-Finn; (2) Butyrivibrio phages Idris and Arawn; and (3) Butyrivibrio phage Ceridwen. They were predicted to all belong to the Siphoviridae family, based on evidence in the genomes such as size, the presence of the tail morphogenesis module, genes that share similarity to those in other siphovirus isolates and phylogenetic analysis using phage proteomes. Yet, phylogenomic analysis and sequence similarity of the entire phage genomes revealed that these five phages are unique and novel. These phages have only been observed undergoing the lytic lifecycle, but there is evidence in the genomes of phages Arawn and Idris for the potential to be temperate. However, there is no evidence in the genome of the bacterial host Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens of prophage genes or genes that share similarity with the phage genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C A Friedersdorff
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom.,Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alison H Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Justin A Pachebat
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Cookson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - David Rooke
- Dynamic Extractions Ltd., Tredegar, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Creevey
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
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207
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Gui Q, Li H, Wang A, Zhao X, Tan Z, Chen L, Xu K, Xiao C. The association between gut butyrate-producing bacteria and non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23318. [PMID: 32227387 PMCID: PMC7439349 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been found that the gut microbiota may affect the development of lung cancer through the "gut-lung axis." To investigate this relationship, we performed this study to determine whether the gut microbiota in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is different from that in healthy adults. METHODS Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of eight gut butyrate-producing bacteria in healthy adults and NSCLC patients. We enrolled 30 patients with NSCLC and 30 subjects from 100 healthy adults after matching for age and sex. RESULTS Compared to healthy adults, most of the gut butyrate-producing bacteria in NSCLC patients were significantly decreased; these included Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium leptum, Clostridial cluster I, Ruminococcus spp., Clostridial Cluster XIVa, and Roseburia spp. Among the gut butyrate-producing bacteria, we analyzed Clostridial cluster IV and Eubacterium rectale were not decreased in NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that NSCLC patients had gut butyrate-producing bacteria dysbiosis. Further studies should be performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of how these specific bacteria affect lung cancer progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Gui
- Department of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ange Wang
- Department of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xinxiu Zhao
- Department of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhongju Tan
- Department of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lufang Chen
- Department of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Keying Xu
- Department of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chi Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
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208
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Sangkuanun T, Wichienchot S, Kato Y, Watanabe H, Peerakietkhajorn S. Oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit modulate gut microbiota, reduce oxidative stress and stimulate toll-pathway related gene expression in freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:126-134. [PMID: 32335314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dragon fruit oligosaccharide (DFO) is an indigestible prebiotic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DFO on gut microbiota, oxidative stress and immune-related gene expression in Daphnia magna. The 10-day-old D. magna were treated with 0, 9, and 27 mg l-1 DFO for 85 h. The gut bacterial communities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation and the expressions of genes in Toll signaling pathway were observed. The results showed that D. magna treated with 9 and 27 mg l-1 DFO altered gut microbiota composition by increasing Limnohabitans and Lactobacillus, and significantly increased SOD activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the expressions of Toll2, Toll3, Toll5, Toll7 and Pelle genes were significantly increased in D. magna treated with 9 and 27 mg l-1 DFO. Our results suggested that DFO changed the composition of the gut microbiota of D. magna by increasing the beneficial bacteria. DFO also had the ability to stimulate innate immunity in D. magna by increasing SOD activity, reducing lipid peroxidation, and increasing the expression of immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanwarat Sangkuanun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saranya Peerakietkhajorn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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209
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Liu RT, Rowan-Nash AD, Sheehan AE, Walsh RFL, Sanzari CM, Korry BJ, Belenky P. Reductions in anti-inflammatory gut bacteria are associated with depression in a sample of young adults. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:308-324. [PMID: 32229219 PMCID: PMC7415740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the gut microbiota of 90 American young adults, comparing 43 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 47 healthy controls, and found that the MDD subjects had significantly different gut microbiota compared to the healthy controls at multiple taxonomic levels. At the phylum level, participants with MDD had lower levels of Firmicutes and higher levels of Bacteroidetes, with similar trends in the at the class (Clostridia and Bacteroidia) and order (Clostridiales and Bacteroidales) levels. At the genus level, the MDD group had lower levels of Faecalibacterium and other related members of the family Ruminococcaceae, which was also reduced relative to healthy controls. Additionally, the class Gammaproteobacteria and genus Flavonifractor were enriched in participants with MDD. Accordingly, predicted functional differences between the two groups include a reduced abundance of short-chain fatty acid production pathways in the MDD group. We also demonstrated that the magnitude of taxonomic changes was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in many cases, and that most changes were present regardless of whether depressed participants were taking psychotropic medications. Overall, our results support a link between MDD and lower levels of anti-inflammatory, butyrate-producing bacteria, and may support a connection between the gut microbiota and the chronic, low-grade inflammation often observed in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Aislinn D Rowan-Nash
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ana E Sheehan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rachel F L Walsh
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina M Sanzari
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Korry
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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210
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Stadlbauer V, Engertsberger L, Komarova I, Feldbacher N, Leber B, Pichler G, Fink N, Scarpatetti M, Schippinger W, Schmidt R, Horvath A. Dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction and inflammation in dementia: a pilot study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:248. [PMID: 32690030 PMCID: PMC7372911 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is an increasing public health threat worldwide. The pathogenesis of dementia has not been fully elucidated yet. Inflammatory processes are hypothesized to play an important role as a driver for cognitive decline but the origin of inflammation is not clear. We hypothesize that disturbances in gut microbiome composition, gut barrier dysfunction, bacterial translocation and resulting inflammation are associated with cognitive dysfunction in dementia. METHODS To test this hypothesis, a cohort of 23 patients with dementia and 18 age and sex matched controls without cognitive impairments were studied. Gut microbiome composition, gut barrier dysfunction, bacterial translocation and inflammation were assessed from stool and serum samples. Malnutrition was assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), detailed information on drug use was collected. Microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing, QIIME 2 and Calypso 7.14 tools. RESULTS Dementia was associated with dysbiosis characterized by differences in beta diversity and changes in taxonomic composition. Gut permeability was increased as evidenced by increased serum diamine oxidase (DAO) levels and systemic inflammation was confirmed by increased soluble cluster of differentiation 14 levels (sCD14). BMI and statin use had the strongest impact on microbiome composition. CONCLUSION Dementia is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition and increased biomarkers of gut permeability and inflammation. Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group as potential butyrate producer was reduced in dementia. Malnutrition and drug intake were factors, that impact on microbiome composition. Increasing butyrate producing bacteria and targeting malnutrition may be promising therapeutic targets in dementia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03167983 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria. .,Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria.
| | - Lara Engertsberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Irina Komarova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Feldbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.,Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Leber
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Pichler
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Health Centers Graz, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Fink
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Health Centers Graz, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Scarpatetti
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Health Centers Graz, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Schippinger
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Health Centers Graz, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.,Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
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211
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Guan X, Ma F, Sun X, Li C, Li L, Liang F, Li S, Yi Z, Liu B, Xu B. Gut Microbiota Profiling in Patients With HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Metronomic Chemotherapy of Capecitabine Compared to Those Under Conventional Dosage. Front Oncol 2020; 10:902. [PMID: 32733788 PMCID: PMC7358584 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy can achieve disease control with reduced toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy in maximum tolerated dose. Characterizing the gut microbiota of cancer patients under different dosage regimens may describe a new role of gut microbiota associated with drug efficacy. Therefore, we evaluated the composition and the function of gut microbiome associated with metronomic capecitabine compared to conventional dosage. Methods: The fecal samples of HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients treated with capecitabine as maintenance chemotherapy were collected and analyzed by 16S ribosome RNA gene sequencing. Results: A total of 15 patients treated with metronomic capecitabine were compared to 16 patients under a conventional dose. The unweighted-unifrac index of the metronomic group was statistically significantly lower than that of the routine group (P = 0.025). Besides that, the Bray-Curtis distance-based redundancy analysis illustrated that the microbial genera between the two groups can be separated partly. Nine Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) modules were enriched in the metronomic group, while no KEGG modules were significantly enriched in the routine group. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that the median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly shorter in patients with the gut microbial composition of Slackia (9.2 vs. 32.7 months, P = 0.004), while the patients with Blautia obeum had a significantly prolonged PFS than those without (32.7 vs. 12.9 months, P = 0.013). Conclusions: The proof-of-principle study suggested that the gut microbiota of patients receiving metronomic chemotherapy was different in terms of diversity, composition, and function from those under conventional chemotherapy, and the presence of specific bacterial species may act as microbial markers associated with drug resistance monitoring and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Human Microbiome, Promegene Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaochuan Li
- Department of Human Microbiome, Promegene Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zongbi Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binliang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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212
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Hillman ET, Kozik AJ, Hooker CA, Burnett JL, Heo Y, Kiesel VA, Nevins CJ, Oshiro JM, Robins MM, Thakkar RD, Wu ST, Lindemann SR. Comparative genomics of the genus Roseburia reveals divergent biosynthetic pathways that may influence colonic competition among species. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000399. [PMID: 32589566 PMCID: PMC7478625 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Roseburia species are important denizens of the human gut microbiome that ferment complex polysaccharides to butyrate as a terminal fermentation product, which influences human physiology and serves as an energy source for colonocytes. Previous comparative genomics analyses of the genus Roseburia have examined polysaccharide degradation genes. Here, we characterize the core and pangenomes of the genus Roseburia with respect to central carbon and energy metabolism, as well as biosynthesis of amino acids and B vitamins using orthology-based methods, uncovering significant differences among species in their biosynthetic capacities. Variation in gene content among Roseburia species and strains was most significant for cofactor biosynthesis. Unlike all other species of Roseburia that we analysed, Roseburia inulinivorans strains lacked biosynthetic genes for riboflavin or pantothenate but possessed folate biosynthesis genes. Differences in gene content for B vitamin synthesis were matched with differences in putative salvage and synthesis strategies among species. For example, we observed extended biotin salvage capabilities in R. intestinalis strains, which further suggest that B vitamin acquisition strategies may impact fitness in the gut ecosystem. As differences in the functional potential to synthesize components of biomass (e.g. amino acids, vitamins) can drive interspecies interactions, variation in auxotrophies of the Roseburia spp. genomes may influence in vivo gut ecology. This study serves to advance our understanding of the potential metabolic interactions that influence the ecology of Roseburia spp. and, ultimately, may provide a basis for rational strategies to manipulate the abundances of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan T. Hillman
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ariangela J. Kozik
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Present address: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Casey A. Hooker
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - John L. Burnett
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yoojung Heo
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Violet A. Kiesel
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Clayton J. Nevins
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Present address: Department of Soil and Water Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Jordan M.K.I. Oshiro
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Melissa M. Robins
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Riya D. Thakkar
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sophie Tongyu Wu
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephen R. Lindemann
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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213
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Hayes CL, Peters BJ, Foster JA. Microbes and mental health: Can the microbiome help explain clinical heterogeneity in psychiatry? Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 58:100849. [PMID: 32497560 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Trillions of microbes cover the surfaces of our bodies and inhabit our gastrointestinal tract. In the past decade, research efforts examining the role of the microbiome in mental health have moved to the forefront of neuroscience and psychiatry. Based on a foundation of animal studies demonstrating the vital role for microbiota-brain communication in brain development, behavior, and brain function over the life span, clinical studies have started to consider the microbiome in psychiatric disorders. The composition, diversity and function of commensal microbes is influenced by genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. This review provides an overview of the factors contributing to individual differences in the microbiome, reviews recent work in psychiatric disorders, and considers what is needed to advance a better understanding of how the microbiome impacts mental health which may help us understand the heterogeneity observed in clinical psychiatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brett J Peters
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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214
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Leylabadlo HE, Ghotaslou R, Feizabadi MM, Farajnia S, Moaddab SY, Ganbarov K, Khodadadi E, Tanomand A, Sheykhsaran E, Yousefi B, Kafil HS. The critical role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in human health: An overview. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104344. [PMID: 32534182 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is one of the most abundant bacterial species in the colon of healthy human adults and representing more than 5% of the total bacterial population. Recently, it has been known as a major actor in human intestinal health and a biosensor. Changes in this species population richness and quantity have been observed in many illnesses and several investigations have reported that abundance of F. prausnitzii is reduced in different intestinal disorders. In the current review, we aim to consider literature from various library databases and electronic searches (Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar) which were randomly collected and serve as an overview of different features of F. prausnitzii including metabolites, anti-inflammatory action, and correlation of dysbiosis of this bacterium with various complications in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Ghotaslou
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Asghar Tanomand
- Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Elham Sheykhsaran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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215
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Shi J, Zhao D, Song S, Zhang M, Zamaratskaia G, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. High-Meat-Protein High-Fat Diet Induced Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolism in Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6333-6346. [PMID: 32432868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Meat-diet-induced changes in gut microbiota are often accompanied with the development of various metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The exact biochemical mechanism underlying these effects is not well elucidated. This study aims to evaluate how meat proteins in high-fat diets affect tryptophan metabolism in rats. The high-chicken-protein (HFHCH) or high-pork-protein (HFHP) diets increased levels of skatole and indole in cecal and colonic contents, feces, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The HFHCH and HFHP diets also increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, the Family XIII AD3011 group, and Desulfovibrio in the cecum and colon, which may be involved in the production of skatole and indole. Additionally, high-meat-protein diets induced lower activity of skatole- and indole-metabolizing enzyme CYP2E1 in liver compared with low-meat-protein diets. This work highlights the negative impact of high meat proteins on physiological responses by inducing dysbiosis of gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shangxin Song
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 211171 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
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216
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Karcher N, Pasolli E, Asnicar F, Huang KD, Tett A, Manara S, Armanini F, Bain D, Duncan SH, Louis P, Zolfo M, Manghi P, Valles-Colomer M, Raffaetà R, Rota-Stabelli O, Collado MC, Zeller G, Falush D, Maixner F, Walker AW, Huttenhower C, Segata N. Analysis of 1321 Eubacterium rectale genomes from metagenomes uncovers complex phylogeographic population structure and subspecies functional adaptations. Genome Biol 2020; 21:138. [PMID: 32513234 PMCID: PMC7278147 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eubacterium rectale is one of the most prevalent human gut bacteria, but its diversity and population genetics are not well understood because large-scale whole-genome investigations of this microbe have not been carried out. RESULTS Here, we leverage metagenomic assembly followed by a reference-based binning strategy to screen over 6500 gut metagenomes spanning geography and lifestyle and reconstruct over 1300 E. rectale high-quality genomes from metagenomes. We extend previous results of biogeographic stratification, identifying a new subspecies predominantly found in African individuals and showing that closely related non-human primates do not harbor E. rectale. Comparison of pairwise genetic and geographic distances between subspecies suggests that isolation by distance and co-dispersal with human populations might have contributed to shaping the contemporary population structure of E. rectale. We confirm that a relatively recently diverged E. rectale subspecies specific to Europe consistently lacks motility operons and that it is immotile in vitro, probably due to ancestral genetic loss. The same subspecies exhibits expansion of its carbohydrate metabolism gene repertoire including the acquisition of a genomic island strongly enriched in glycosyltransferase genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the population structure and ecology of E. rectale and shows that shotgun metagenomes can enable population genomics studies of microbiota members at a resolution and scale previously attainable only by extensive isolate sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Kun D Huang
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Adrian Tett
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Serena Manara
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Debbie Bain
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Petra Louis
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Moreno Zolfo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Manghi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alan W Walker
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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217
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Wang L, Cen S, Wang G, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Acetic acid and butyric acid released in large intestine play different roles in the alleviation of constipation. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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218
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Lin TY, Wu PH, Lin YT, Hung SC. Characterization of Gut Microbiota Composition in Hemodialysis Patients With Normal Weight Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5820731. [PMID: 32296838 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal weight obesity (NWO), defined by a normal body mass index (BMI) but increased body fat percentage (BF%), is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. NWO is characterized by inflammation and muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of host metabolism and may play important roles in the development of NWO in CKD. METHODS In this case-control study, we examined the gut microbial diversity and taxonomy in 96 hemodialysis patients with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BF% ≤ 25% for men or ≤ 35% for women; n = 32), NWO (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BF% > 25% for men or > 35% for women; n = 32), and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; n = 32), matched for age, gender, and diabetes. BF% was measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy device. Gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS We found that α-diversity was significantly different among the 3 adiposity phenotypes, with NWO being the least diverse. α-diversity was positively correlated with BMI, subjective global assessment score, and physical activity, but negatively correlated with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Patients with or without NWO were distinguished with respect to principal coordinate analysis of β-diversity. Notably, the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Coprococcus, was markedly reduced in patients with NWO. CONCLUSION Our findings support associations between gut dysbiosis and a proinflammatory and catabolic state in hemodialysis patients with NWO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yun Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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219
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Dagbasi A, Lett AM, Murphy K, Frost G. Understanding the interplay between food structure, intestinal bacterial fermentation and appetite control. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-17. [PMID: 32383415 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical evidence highlight the benefit of dietary fibre consumption on body weight. This benefit is partly attributed to the interaction of dietary fibre with the gut microbiota. Dietary fibre possesses a complex food structure which resists digestion in the upper gut and therefore reaches the distal gut where it becomes available for bacterial fermentation. This process yields SCFA which stimulate the release of appetite-suppressing hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY. Food structures can further enhance the delivery of fermentable substrates to the distal gut by protecting the intracellular nutrients during upper gastrointestinal digestion. Domestic and industrial processing can disturb these food structures that act like barriers towards digestive enzymes. This leads to more digestible products that are better absorbed in the upper gut. As a result, less resistant material (fibre) and intracellular nutrients may reach the distal gut, thus reducing substrates for bacterial fermentation and its subsequent benefits on the host metabolism including appetite suppression. Understanding this link is essential for the design of diets and food products that can promote appetite suppression and act as a successful strategy towards obesity management. This article reviews the current evidence in the interplay between food structure, bacterial fermentation and appetite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dagbasi
- Department of Medicine, Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - A M Lett
- Department of Medicine, Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Frost
- Department of Medicine, Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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220
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Abstract
AbstractDietary fibre fermentation in humans and monogastric animals is considered to occur in the hindgut, but it may also occur in the lower small intestine. This study aimed to compare ileal and hindgut fermentation in the growing pig fed a human-type diet using a combined in vivo/in vitro methodology. Five pigs (23 (sd 1·6) kg body weight) were fed a human-type diet. On day 15, pigs were euthanised. Digesta from terminal jejunum and terminal ileum were collected as substrates for fermentation. Ileal and caecal digesta were collected for preparing microbial inocula. Terminal jejunal digesta were fermented in vitro with a pooled ileal digesta inoculum for 2 h, whereas terminal ileal digesta were fermented in vitro with a pooled caecal digesta inoculum for 24 h. The ileal organic matter fermentability (28 %) was not different from hindgut fermentation (35 %). However, the organic matter fermented was 66 % greater for ileal fermentation than hindgut fermentation (P = 0·04). Total numbers of bacteria in ileal and caecal digesta did not differ (P = 0·09). Differences (P < 0·05) were observed in the taxonomic composition. For instance, ileal digesta contained 32-fold greater number of the genus Enterococcus, whereas caecal digesta had a 227-fold greater number of the genus Ruminococcus. Acetate synthesis and iso-valerate synthesis were greater (P < 0·05) for ileal fermentation than hindgut fermentation, but propionate, butyrate and valerate synthesis was lower. SCFA were absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract location where they were synthesised. In conclusion, a quantitatively important degree of fermentation occurs in the ileum of the growing pig fed a human-type diet.
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221
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Zhang M, Zhou L, Wang Y, Dorfman RG, Tang D, Xu L, Pan Y, Zhou Q, Li Y, Yin Y, Zhao S, Wu J, Yu C. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii produces butyrate to decrease c-Myc-related metabolism and Th17 differentiation by inhibiting histone deacetylase 3. Int Immunol 2020; 31:499-514. [PMID: 30809639 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii), whose supernatant plays an anti-inflammatory effect, are frequently found in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. However, the anti-inflammatory products in F. prausnitzii supernatant and the mechanism have not been fully investigated. Here we found that F. prausnitzii and F. prausnitzii-derived butyrate were decreased in the intestines of IBD patients. Supplementation with F. prausnitzii supernatant and butyrate could ameliorate colitis in an animal model. Butyrate, but not other substances produced by F. prausnitzii, exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. The mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of the butyrate produced by F. prausnitzii involved the enhancement of the acetylation-promoted degradation of c-Myc through histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibition. In conclusion, F. prausnitzii produced butyrate to decrease Th17 differentiation and attenuate colitis through inhibiting HDAC3 and c-Myc-related metabolism in T cells. The use of F. prausnitzii may be an effective new approach to decrease the level of Th17 cells in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Dehua Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yida Pan
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyao Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC (SIPPR, IRD), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Chenggong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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222
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Sheridan PO, Martin JC, Scott KP. Conjugation Protocol Optimised for Roseburia inulinivorans and Eubacterium rectale. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3575. [PMID: 33659545 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Roseburia and Eubacterium species of the human gut microbiota play an important role in the maintaince of human health, partly by producing butyrate, the main energy source of our colonic epithelial cells. However, our knowledge of the biochemistry and physiology of these bacteria has been limited by a lack of genetic manipulation techniques. Conjugative transposons previously introduced into Roseburia species could not be easily modified, greatly limiting their applicability as genetic modification platforms. Modular plasmid shuttle vectors have previously been developed for Clostridium species, which share a taxonomic order with Roseburia and Eubacterium, raising the possibility that these vectors could be used in these organisms. Here, we describe an optimized conjugation protocol enabling the transfer of autonomously replicating plasmids from an E. coli donor strain into Roseburia inulinivorans and Eubacterium rectale. The modular nature of the plasmids and their ability to be maintained in the recipient bacterium by autonomous replication makes them ideal for investigating heterologous gene expression, and as a platform for other genetic tools including antisense RNA silencing or mobile group II interon gene disruption strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O Sheridan
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jennifer C Martin
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Karen P Scott
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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Inter-relationship between diet, lifestyle habits, gut microflora, and the equol-producer phenotype: baseline findings from a placebo-controlled intervention trial. Menopause 2020; 26:273-285. [PMID: 30188331 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Equol is an active metabolite of isoflavones produced by gut microbiota. It is beneficial to health; however, equol-producing ability varies greatly among individuals. These variations depend on the host's gut microbiota and lifestyle habits including diet. We investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota, lifestyle habits including diet, and equol-producing ability in postmenopausal Japanese women. METHODS We studied 58 postmenopausal Japanese women aged 48 to 69 years who visited the Sendai Medical Center in January, 2018. Self-administered questionnaires assessed their recent and remote food intake histories and lifestyle habits. Fecal microbiome analysis was performed using a next-generation sequencer. Urinary equol was measured using an immunochromatographic strip test. Women with urinary equol concentration >1.0 μM were defined as equol producers. RESULTS Equol-producing bacteria were identified in 97% (56) of women; however, only 13 (22%) were equol producers. Equol producers showed significantly higher microflora diversity (P = 0.002), and significantly different recent and remote food intake patterns compared with equol nonproducers. Higher consumption of foods such as meat, fish, soy, vegetables, and Japanese snacks positively affected microbial diversity and equol production, whereas a high intake of Ramen and smoking showed negative effects. CONCLUSION Equol production might not depend on the quantity, but on the quality of equol-producing bacteria. High microbial diversity might enhance equol production. Increasing microbial diversity through healthy lifestyle habits and habitual consumption of a wide variety of foods might be useful to maintain a healthy gut environment for equol production.
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224
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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Heart Shunt Part I: The French Paradox, Heart Disease and the Microbiota. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040490. [PMID: 32235574 PMCID: PMC7232195 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that a vegetarian and polyphenol-rich diet, including fruits, vegetables, teas, juices, wine, indigestible fiber and whole grains, provide health-promoting phytochemicals and phytonutrients that are beneficial for the heart and brain. What is not well-characterized is the affect these foods have when co-metabolized within our dynamic gut and its colonizing flora. The concept of a heart shunt within the microbiota-gut-brain axis underscores the close association between brain and heart health and the so-called “French paradox” offers clues for understanding neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, oxidation-redox reactions and redox properties of so-called brain and heart-protective foods are underappreciated as to their enhanced or deleterious mechanisms of action. Focusing on prodromal stages, and common mechanisms underlying heart, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, we may unmask and understanding the means to better treat these related diseases.
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225
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Iida A, Saito H, Amao A, Fujita T, Kato A, Ueda F. The effects of a nutritional supplement containing salacinol in neonatal Thoroughbred foals. J Equine Sci 2020; 31:11-15. [PMID: 32206034 PMCID: PMC7078488 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A nutritional supplement containing salacinol (NSS) was administered to Thoroughbred foals daily beginning 21 days after birth, and clinical signs and intestinal microbiota were analyzed. The average number of days for which foals exhibited a fever between 21 and 110 days after birth was determined. The number of days was significantly reduced, by approximately 1/3, in the NSS group compared with the control group. Furthermore, improved weight gain was observed in the NSS group compared with the control group. By analyzing the intestinal microbiota, it was determined that the ratio of Clostridium cluster XIVa increased after 3 weeks of NSS administration. These results demonstrate that the daily administration of NSS might improve the intestinal environment of neonatal foals and be useful for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iida
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Hitomi Saito
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Akihito Amao
- Highly Functional Materials Business Development Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | | | | | - Fumitaka Ueda
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
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226
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Alessi AM, Gray V, Farquharson FM, Flores-López A, Shaw S, Stead D, Wegmann U, Shearman C, Gasson M, Collie-Duguid ESR, Flint HJ, Louis P. β-Glucan is a major growth substrate for human gut bacteria related to Coprococcus eutactus. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2150-2164. [PMID: 32141148 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A clone encoding carboxymethyl cellulase activity was isolated during functional screening of a human gut metagenomic library using Lactococcus lactis MG1363 as heterologous host. The insert carried a glycoside hydrolase family 9 (GH9) catalytic domain with sequence similarity to a gene from Coprococcus eutactus ART55/1. Genome surveys indicated a limited distribution of GH9 domains among dominant human colonic anaerobes. Genomes of C. eutactus-related strains harboured two GH9-encoding and four GH5-encoding genes, but the strains did not appear to degrade cellulose. Instead, they grew well on β-glucans and one of the strains also grew on galactomannan, galactan, glucomannan and starch. Coprococcus comes and Coprococcus catus strains did not harbour GH9 genes and were not able to grow on β-glucans. Gene expression and proteomic analysis of C. eutactus ART55/1 grown on cellobiose, β-glucan and lichenan revealed similar changes in expression in comparison to glucose. On β-glucan and lichenan only, one of the four GH5 genes was strongly upregulated. Growth on glucomannan led to a transcriptional response of many genes, in particular a strong upregulation of glycoside hydrolases involved in mannan degradation. Thus, β-glucans are a major growth substrate for species related to C. eutactus, with glucomannan and galactans alternative substrates for some strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Alessi
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK.,Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK
| | - Victoria Gray
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK.,University of Aberdeen, Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Sophie Shaw
- University of Aberdeen, Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Stead
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Udo Wegmann
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Harry J Flint
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Petra Louis
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK
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227
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The potential role of the gut microbiota in modulating renal function in experimental diabetic nephropathy murine models established in same environment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165764. [PMID: 32169506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that laboratory murine autoimmunity models under the same environment display different outcomes. We established diabetic nephropathy model mice under the same environment using the classic streptozotocin method. Renal dysfunction was different among the mice. Proteinuria was more significant in the severe proteinuria group (SP) than in the mild proteinuria group (MP). We hypothesized a role for the gut microbiota in the outcome and reproducibility of induced DN models. 16S rDNA gene sequencing technology was used to analyze the differences in the gut microbiota between the two groups. Here, through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we verified the role of the gut microbiota and its short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) generation in DN mouse renal dysfunction. In the SP group, there was a reduced abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.0001), and the dominant genus Allobaculum [linear discriminant analysis (LDA) >3, P < 0.05] was positively correlated with body weight (Rho = 0.767, P < 0.01) and blood glucose content (Rho = 0.648, P < 0.05), while the dominant genus Anaerosporobacter (LDA > 3, P < 0.05) was positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein content (Rho = 0.773, P < 0.01). In the MP group, the dominant genus Blautia (LDA > 3, P < 0.05) was negatively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein content (Rho = -0.829, P < 0.05). The results indicated that Allobaculum and Anaerosporobacter may worsen renal function, while Blautia may be a protective factor in DN. These findings suggested that the gut microbiota may contribute to the heterogeneity of the induced response since we observed potential disease-associated microbial taxonomies and correlations with DN.
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228
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Pan S, Hullar MAJ, Lai LA, Peng H, May DH, Noble WS, Raftery D, Navarro SL, Neuhouser ML, Lampe PD, Lampe JW, Chen R. Gut Microbial Protein Expression in Response to Dietary Patterns in a Controlled Feeding Study: A Metaproteomic Approach. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E379. [PMID: 32156071 PMCID: PMC7143255 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the gut microbiome has been associated with dietary patterns linked to health, microbial metabolism is not well characterized. This ancillary study was a proof of principle analysis for a novel application of metaproteomics to study microbial protein expression in a controlled dietary intervention. We measured the response of the microbiome to diet in a randomized crossover dietary intervention of a whole-grain, low glycemic load diet (WG) and a refined-grain, high glycemic load diet (RG). Total proteins in stools from 9 participants at the end of each diet period (n = 18) were analyzed by LC MS/MS and proteins were identified using the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) human gut microbiome database and UniProt human protein databases. T-tests, controlling for false discovery rate (FDR) <10%, were used to compare the Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes and bacterial enzymes between the two interventions. Using shotgun proteomics, more than 53,000 unique peptides were identified including microbial (89%) and human peptides (11%). Forty-eight bacterial enzymes were statistically different between the diets, including those implicated in SCFA production and degradation of fatty acids. Enzymes associated with degradation of human mucin were significantly enriched in the RG diet. These results illustrate that the metaproteomic approach is a valuable tool to study the microbial metabolism of diets that may influence host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Pan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.P.); (H.P.)
| | - Meredith A. J. Hullar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (D.R.); (S.L.N.); (M.L.N.); (P.D.L.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Lisa A. Lai
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
| | - Hong Peng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.P.); (H.P.)
| | - Damon H. May
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; (D.H.M.)
| | - William S. Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; (D.H.M.)
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (D.R.); (S.L.N.); (M.L.N.); (P.D.L.); (J.W.L.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Sandi L. Navarro
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (D.R.); (S.L.N.); (M.L.N.); (P.D.L.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (D.R.); (S.L.N.); (M.L.N.); (P.D.L.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Paul D. Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (D.R.); (S.L.N.); (M.L.N.); (P.D.L.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (D.R.); (S.L.N.); (M.L.N.); (P.D.L.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Ru Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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229
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Abstract
Diet is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and several dietary constituents implicated in CRC are modified by gut microbial metabolism. Microbial fermentation of dietary fiber produces short-chain fatty acids, e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Dietary fiber has been shown to reduce colon tumors in animal models, and, in vitro, butyrate influences cellular pathways important to cancer risk. Furthermore, work from our group suggests that the combined effects of butyrate and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may enhance the chemopreventive potential of these dietary constituents. We postulate that the relatively low intakes of n-3 PUFA and fiber in Western populations and the failure to address interactions between these dietary components may explain why chemoprotective effects of n-3 PUFA and fermentable fibers have not been detected consistently in prospective cohort studies. In this review, we summarize the evidence outlining the effects of n-3 long-chain PUFA and highly fermentable fiber with respect to alterations in critical pathways important to CRC prevention, particularly intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated programmed cell death resulting from the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ferroptosis), and epigenetic programming related to lipid catabolism and beta-oxidation-associated genes.
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230
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Bendiks ZA, Knudsen KEB, Keenan MJ, Marco ML. Conserved and variable responses of the gut microbiome to resistant starch type 2. Nutr Res 2020; 77:12-28. [PMID: 32251948 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resistant starch type 2 (RS2), a dietary fiber comprised solely of glucose, has been extensively studied in clinical trials and animal models for its capacity to improve metabolic and systemic health. Because the health modulatory effects of RS2 and other dietary fibers are thought to occur through modification of the gut microbiome, those studies frequently include assessments of RS2-mediated changes to intestinal microbial composition and function. In this review, we identify the conserved responses of the gut microbiome among 13 human and 35 animal RS2 intervention studies. Consistent outcomes of RS2 interventions include reductions in bacterial α-diversity; increased production of lumenal short-chain fatty acids; and enrichment of Ruminococcus bromii, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and other gut taxa. Different taxa are usually responsive in animal models, and many RS2-mediated changes to the gut microbiome vary within and between studies. The root causes for this variation are examined with regard to methodological and analytical differences, host genetics and age, species differences (eg, human, animal), health status, intervention dose and duration, and baseline microbial composition. The significant variation found for this single dietary compound highlights the challenges in targeting the gut microbiome to improve health with dietary interventions. This knowledge on RS2 also provides opportunities to improve the design of nutrition studies targeting the gut microbiome and to ultimately identify the precise mechanisms via which dietary fiber benefits human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Bendiks
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.
| | - Knud E B Knudsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Michael J Keenan
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA.
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.
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231
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Gut Microbiota Alterations from Three-Strain Yogurt Formulation Treatments in Slow-Transit Constipation. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 2020:4583973. [PMID: 32148595 PMCID: PMC7049856 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4583973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a three-strain yogurt formulation in slow-transit constipation (STC) patients. Each individual in both treatment groups consumed 250 mL of the formulated yogurt daily for a week (7 days), and fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analyses. A significant increase in the defection frequency (p < 0.001) and bacterial diversity (p=0.027) at the 100% sequence homology level and a decrease in the concentrations of acetic acid (p=0.014), propionic acid (p=0.019), and butanoic acid (p=0.005) were observed after the STC patients consumed three-strain yogurt formulation. In addition, the consumption of the three-strain yogurt formulation significantly altered the composition of the intestinal bacteria in the STC patients. The relative abundances of 23 genera in the top dominating genera were altered significantly after the STC patients consumed the yogurt. In summary, the consumption of 250 mL day− the three-strain yogurt formulation described in this study can play a role in improving the symptoms of STC.
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232
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Chi L, Khan I, Lin Z, Zhang J, Lee MYS, Leong W, Hsiao WLW, Zheng Y. Fructo-oligosaccharides from Morinda officinalis remodeled gut microbiota and alleviated depression features in a stress rat model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 67:153157. [PMID: 31896054 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inulin-type fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs) purified from Morinda officinalis How., an effective oral antidepressant for mild to moderate depression, have a largely unknown efficacy and poor bioavailability. PURPOSE Therefore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis was used to investigate the antidepressive properties of FOSs at the interface of the gut microbiota (GM). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS FOSs was introduced via intragastric gavage to rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and the antidepressive effects were investigated through behavioral tests, intestinal morphology and corticosterone levels. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from feces, and the GM was profiled for using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. RESULTS It was observed that FOSs alleviated depression-like behaviors and repaired intestinal epithelia damages. FOSs treatment lowered corticosterone levels in the plasma and urine of the model rats. Moreover, the GM compositions of normal and model rats were distantly clustered and were mainly related to the disappearance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Acinetobacter, Barnesiella, Coprococcus, Dialister, Lactobacillus, and Paenibacillus) and appearance of depression-associated bacteria (e.g., Anaerostipes, Oscillibacter, Proteobacteria, and Streptococcus) in depressive rats. Interestingly, the dysbiosis in depressive rats' gut was reinstated with FOSs treatments. Notably, FOSs promoted the abundance of the bacterial phylum Cyanobacteria, a group of bacteria known for the secretion of pharmacologically important metabolites, such as H2S, that exhibit antidepressant-like properties. Apparently, FOSs-induced modulation of GM was more antidepressive compared to a component of FOSs, degrees of polymerization (DP) 5, and fluoxetine, the standard antidepressant drug. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study implied that antidepressant efficacy of FOSs was inseparable from and strongly associated with the modulation of the host' s GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandi Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Zibei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, China
| | - M Y Simon Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Waikit Leong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Cheng S, Mao H, Ruan Y, Wu C, Xu Z, Hu G, Guo X, Zhang C, Cao H, Liu P. Copper Changes Intestinal Microbiota of the Cecum and Rectum in Female Mice by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:445-455. [PMID: 31147976 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high concentrations of copper (Cu) on the cecum and rectum of intestinal microbiota in female mice. Twenty-four Kunming mice were weighed and randomly divided into two groups (n = 12 per group) including the control group and Cu group. Cu group was given drinking water with 5 mg/kg-bw copper chloride (CuCl2), while the control group was treated with drinking water without CuCl2. At the 90th day, results showed that compared with the control group, mice in the treatment group had a lower body weight, and the feces turned yellow and had a lower pH value. Histopathological lesions showed that the intestinal tissue from the treatment group had increased thickness of outer muscularis and smoothed muscle fiber, widened submucosa, decreased goblet cells, and showed blunting of intestinal villi and severe atrophy of central lacteal. In addition, at the genus level, 16S rRNA gene sequencing from the Cu group showed that Corynebacterium were significantly increased whereas Staphylococcaceae, Odoribacter, Rikenella, and Jeotgalicoccus were significantly decreased in the cecum. Dehalobacterium, Coprococcus, and Spirochaetales increased significantly whereas Salinicoccus, Bacillales, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillales decreased sharply in the rectum. This study demonstrated that high concentrations of Cu could induce tissue injury and interrupt the homeostasis of microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Mao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yezhao Ruan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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234
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Strain CR, Collins KC, Naughton V, McSorley EM, Stanton C, Smyth TJ, Soler-Vila A, Rea MC, Ross PR, Cherry P, Allsopp PJ. Effects of a polysaccharide-rich extract derived from Irish-sourced Laminaria digitata on the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota using an in vitro colonic model. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:309-325. [PMID: 30805695 PMCID: PMC7000515 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown seaweeds are known to be a rich source of fiber with the presence of several non-digestible polysaccharides including laminarin, fucoidan and alginate. These individual polysaccharides have previously been shown to favorably alter the gut microbiota composition and activity albeit the effect of the collective brown seaweed fiber component on the microbiota remains to be determined. METHODS This study investigated the effect of a crude polysaccharide-rich extract obtained from Laminaria digitata (CE) and a depolymerized CE extract (DE) on the gut microbiota composition and metabolism using an in vitro fecal batch culture model though metagenomic compositional analysis using 16S rRNA FLX amplicon pyrosequencing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis using GC-FID. RESULTS Selective culture analysis showed no significant changes in cultured lactobacilli or bifidobacteria between the CE or DE and the cellulose-negative control at any time point measured (0, 5, 10, 24, 36, 48 h). Following metagenomic analysis, the CE and DE significantly altered the relative abundance of several families including Lachnospiraceae and genera including Streptococcus, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides of human fecal bacterial populations in comparison to cellulose after 24 h. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total SCFA were significantly higher for both the CE and DE compared to cellulose after 10, 24, 36 and 48 h fermentation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the acetate:propionate ratio was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) for both CD and DE following 24, 36 and 48 h fermentation. CONCLUSION The microbiota-associated metabolic and compositional changes noted provide initial indication of putative beneficial health benefits of L. digitata in vitro; however, research is needed to clarify if L. digitata-derived fiber can favorably alter the gut microbiota and confer health benefits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall R Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Violetta Naughton
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Smyth
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Anna Soler-Vila
- Irish Seaweed Research Group, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Paul R Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
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235
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Deehan EC, Yang C, Perez-Muñoz ME, Nguyen NK, Cheng CC, Triador L, Zhang Z, Bakal JA, Walter J. Precision Microbiome Modulation with Discrete Dietary Fiber Structures Directs Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:389-404.e6. [PMID: 32004499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DFs) impact the gut microbiome in ways often considered beneficial. However, it is unknown if precise and predictable manipulations of the gut microbiota, and especially its metabolic activity, can be achieved through DFs with discrete chemical structures. Using a dose-response trial with three type-IV resistant starches (RS4s) in healthy humans, we found that crystalline and phosphate cross-linked starch structures induce divergent and highly specific effects on microbiome composition that are linked to directed shifts in the output of either propionate or butyrate. The dominant RS4-induced effects were remarkably consistent within treatment groups, dose-dependent plateauing at 35 g/day, and can be explained by substrate-specific binding and utilization of the RS4s by bacterial taxa with different pathways for starch metabolism. Overall, these findings support the potential of using discrete DF structures to achieve targeted manipulations of the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions relevant to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Nguyen K Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Christopher C Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lucila Triador
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Bakal
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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236
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Guan N, He X, Wang S, Liu F, Huang Q, Fu X, Chen T, Zhang B. Cell Wall Integrity of Pulse Modulates the in Vitro Fecal Fermentation Rate and Microbiota Composition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1091-1100. [PMID: 31896257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The physical structure of type 1 resistant starch (RS 1) could influence the metabolite production and stimulate the growth of specific bacteria in the human colon. In the present study, we isolated intact cotyledon cells from pinto bean seeds as whole pulse food and RS 1 model and obtained a series of cell wall integrities through controlled enzymolysis. In vitro human fecal fermentation performance and microbiota responses were tested, and we reported that the cell wall integrity controls the in vitro fecal fermentation rate of heat-treated pinto bean cells. The concentration of butyrate produced by pinto bean cell fermentation enhanced with weakened cell wall integrity, and certain beneficial bacterial groups such as Blautia and Roseburia genera were remarkably promoted by pinto bean cells with damaged cell wall integrity. However, the intact cell sample had a shape more similar to microbiota composition with the purified cell wall polysaccharides, rather than the damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Guan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiaowei He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Sino-Singapore International Research Institute , Guangzhou 510555 , China
| | - Feitong Liu
- H&H Group Global Research and Technology Center , Guangzhou 510700 , China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Sino-Singapore International Research Institute , Guangzhou 510555 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , China
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901-8525 , United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Sino-Singapore International Research Institute , Guangzhou 510555 , China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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237
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Kang S, You HJ, Lee YG, Jeong Y, Johnston TV, Baek NI, Ku S, Ji GE. Production, Structural Characterization, and In Vitro Assessment of the Prebiotic Potential of Butyl-Fructooligosaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020445. [PMID: 31936703 PMCID: PMC7013684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, produced in mammalian intestinal tracts via fermentation of dietary fiber, are known biofunctional compounds in humans. However, the variability of fermentable fiber consumed on a daily basis and the diversity of gut microbiota within individuals often limits the production of short-chain fatty acids in the human gut. In this study, we attempted to enhance the butyrate levels in human fecal samples by utilizing butyl-fructooligosaccharides (B-FOS) as a novel prebiotic substance. Two major types of B-FOS (GF3-1B and GF3-2B), composed of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) bound to one or two butyric groups by ester bonds, were synthesized. Qualitative analysis of these B-FOS using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and low-resolution fast-atom bombardment mass spectra (LR-FAB-MS), showed that the chemical structure of GF3-1B and GF3-2B were [O-(1-buty-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-β-D-fru-O-α-D-glu] and [O-(1-buty)-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-(4-buty)-β-D-fru-O-α-D-glu], respectively. The ratio of these two compounds was approximately 5:3. To verify their biofunctionality as prebiotic oligosaccharides, proliferation and survival patterns of human fecal microbiota were examined in vitro via 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis compared to a positive FOS control and a negative control without a carbon source. B-FOS treatment showed different enrichment patterns on the fecal microbiota community during fermentation, and especially stimulated the growth of major butyrate producing bacterial consortia and modulated specific butyrate producing pathways with significantly enhanced butyrate levels. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium and ammonia production with related metabolic genes were greatly reduced with B-FOS and FOS treatment compared to the control group. These findings indicate that B-FOS differentially promotes butyrate production through the enhancement of butyrate-producing bacteria and their metabolic genes, and can be applied as a novel prebiotic compound in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (N.-I.B.)
| | - Yunju Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tony V. Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (N.-I.B.)
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (G.E.J.); Tel.: +1-615-904-8290 (S.K.); +82-2-880-6282 (G.E.J.)
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.J.)
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon 25117, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (G.E.J.); Tel.: +1-615-904-8290 (S.K.); +82-2-880-6282 (G.E.J.)
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238
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Liu J, He Z, Ma N, Chen ZY. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Linking with Modulation of Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:33-47. [PMID: 31829012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is caused by an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure. It is characterized by a higher accumulation of body fat with a chronic low-grade inflammation. Many reports have shown that gut microbiota in the host plays a pivotal role in mediating the interaction between consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) and onset of obesity. Accumulative evidence has suggested that the changes in the composition of gut microbiota may affect the host's energy homeostasis, systemic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. As one of the major components in human diet, polyphenols have demonstrated to be capable of modulating the composition of gut microbiota and reducing the HFD-induced obesity. The present review summarizes the findings of recent studies on dietary polyphenols regarding their metabolism and interaction with bacteria in the intestine as well as the underlying mechanisms by which they modulate the gut microbiota and alleviate the HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance & Economics , Nanjing , China
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zouyan He
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance & Economics , Nanjing , China
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin NT , Hong Kong , China
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239
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Wilson KM, Rodrigues DR, Briggs WN, Duff AF, Chasser KM, Bielke LR. Evaluation of the impact of in ovo administered bacteria on microbiome of chicks through 10 days of age. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5949-5960. [PMID: 31298298 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial inoculation and colonization of the chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by microbiota have been suggested to have a major influence on the growth performance and health of birds. Commercial practices in chicken production may alter or delay microbial colonization by pioneer colonizing bacteria that can have an impact on the development and maturation of the GIT and intestinal microflora. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of apathogenic Gram-negative isolates or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as pioneer colonizers on the microbiome at the day of hatch (DOH) and evaluate the influence through 10 D of age on ceca. At 18 embryonic days (E), the amnion of embryos was inoculated with either saline (S), approximately 102 CFU of LAB (L), Citrobacter freundii (C), or Citrobacter species (C2). Once DNA was isolated from mucosal and digesta contents, samples underwent 2 × 300 paired-end Illumina MiSeq library preparation for microbiome analysis. An increased abundance of Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus was observed in the L group at DOH (P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of Enterococcaceae and Enterococcus was numerically decreased. While Lactobacillus salivarius was one of the pioneer colonizers in the L group at 18E, the population decreased by 10 D (39.59 to 0.09%) and replaced with a population of undefined Lactobacillus (10.36%) and Lactobacillus reuteri (3.63%). Results suggest that L treatment may have accelerated a mature microbiota. Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant family (57.44%) in C group at DOH (P < 0.05). The C2 group only showed some abundance of the C2 species (7.92%) at DOH but had the highest overall abundance of undefined Lactobacillus in the ceca by 10 D (25.28%). Taken together, different isolates provided in ovo can have an impact on the initial microbiome of the GIT, and some of these differences in ceca remain notable at 10 D.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Wilson
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691
| | - D R Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691
| | - W N Briggs
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691
| | - A F Duff
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691
| | - K M Chasser
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691
| | - L R Bielke
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691
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240
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Oluwagbemigun K, Foerster J, Watkins C, Fouhy F, Stanton C, Bergmann MM, Boeing H, Nöthlings U. Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Serum Metabolite Patterns and Their Association Is Influenced by Gut Bacteria among Older German Adults. J Nutr 2020; 150:149-158. [PMID: 31504715 PMCID: PMC6946898 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dietary intakes and dietary intake patterns (DPs) have been associated with single metabolites, it is unclear whether DPs are also reflected in specific metabolite patterns (MPs). Moreover, the influence of groups of gut bacteria on the relationship between DPs and MPs is underexplored. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association of DPs and serum MPs and also the modifying effect of the gut bacteria compositional patterns (BCPs). METHODS This is a cross-sectional investigation among 225 individuals (median age: 63 y; 53% women) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Dietary intakes were assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls, gut bacteria composition was quantified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the serum metabolome was profiled by an untargeted approach. We identified DPs and BCPs by the treelet transform analysis. We modeled associations between DPs and 8 previously published MPs and the modifying effect of BCPs by fitting generalized linear models using DataSHIELD R. RESULTS We identified 5 DPs and 7 BCPs. The "bread, margarine, and processed meat" and "fruiting vegetables and vegetable oils" DPs were positively associated with the "amino acids" (β = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.69; P = 0.03) and "fatty acids" MPs (β = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.74; P = 0.01), respectively. The "tea and miscellaneous" was inversely associated with the "amino acids" (β = -0.28; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.05; P = 0.02) and "amino acid derivatives" MPs (β = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.02; P = 0.03). One BCP negatively modified the association between the "bread, margarine, and processed meat" DP and the "amino acids" MP (P-interaction = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In older German adults, DPs are reflected in MPs, and the gut bacteria attenuate 1 DP-MP association. These MPs should be explored as biomarkers of these jointly consumed foods while taking into account a potentially modifying role of the gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Foerster
- Center for Population and Health eV, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Claire Watkins
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc/University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Fiona Fouhy
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc/University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam–Rehbrüke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam–Rehbrüke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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241
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O'Donovan SM, Crowley EK, Brown JRM, O'Sullivan O, O'Leary OF, Timmons S, Nolan YM, Clarke DJ, Hyland NP, Joyce SA, Sullivan AM, O'Neill C. Nigral overexpression of α-synuclein in a rat Parkinson's disease model indicates alterations in the enteric nervous system and the gut microbiome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13726. [PMID: 31576631 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the build-up of α-synuclein protein aggregates throughout the brain; however α-synuclein is also expressed in enteric neurons. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and pathology are frequently reported in PD, including constipation, increased intestinal permeability, glial pathology, and alterations to gut microbiota composition. α-synuclein can propagate through neuronal systems but the site of origin of α-synuclein pathology, whether it be the gut or the brain, is still unknown. Physical exercise is associated with alleviating symptoms of PD and with altering the composition of the gut microbiota. METHODS This study investigated the effects of bilateral nigral injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-α-synuclein on enteric neurons, glia and neurochemistry, the gut microbiome, and bile acid metabolism in rats, some of whom were exposed to voluntary exercise. KEY RESULTS Nigral overexpression of α-synuclein resulted in significant neuronal loss in the ileal submucosal plexus with no change in enteric glia. In contrast, the myenteric plexus showed a significant increase in glial expression, while neuronal numbers were maintained. Concomitant alterations were observed in the gut microbiome and related bile acid metabolism. Voluntary running protected against neuronal loss, increased enteric glial expression, and modified gut microbiome composition in the brain-injected AAV-α-synuclein PD model. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES These results show that developing nigral α-synuclein pathology in this PD model exerts significant alterations on the enteric nervous system (ENS) and gut microbiome that are receptive to modification by exercise. This highlights brain to gut communication as an important mechanism in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M O'Donovan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Erin K Crowley
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Orla O'Sullivan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F O'Leary
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Timmons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Centre of Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cora O'Neill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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242
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Deloule V, Boisset C, Hannani D, Suau A, Le Gouellec A, Chroboczek J, Botté C, Yamaryo-Botté Y, Chirat C, Toussaint B. Prebiotic role of softwood hemicellulose in healthy mice model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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243
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Chiesa G. The Gut Microbiota Affects Host Pathophysiology as an Endocrine Organ: A Focus on Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2019; 12:E79. [PMID: 31892152 PMCID: PMC7019666 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that the microorganisms inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract-the gut microbiota-deeply affect the pathophysiology of the host. Gut microbiota composition is mostly modulated by diet, and gut microorganisms communicate with the different organs and tissues of the human host by synthesizing hormones and regulating their release. Herein, we will provide an updated review on the most important classes of gut microbiota-derived hormones and their sensing by host receptors, critically discussing their impact on host physiology. Additionally, the debated interplay between microbial hormones and the development of cardiovascular disease will be thoroughly analysed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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244
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Harris S, Monteagudo-Mera A, Kosik O, Charalampopoulos D, Shewry P, Lovegrove A. Comparative prebiotic activity of mixtures of cereal grain polysaccharides. AMB Express 2019; 9:203. [PMID: 31865461 PMCID: PMC6925609 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main components of the non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) fraction of wheat flour are arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan. These are also present in other cereal grains, but their proportions vary with AX being the major component in wheat and rye and β-glucan in barley and oats. Therefore, it was hypothesised that these NSPs could act synergistically when fermented in vitro at the ratios present in the major foods consumed, resulting in increased prebiotic activity. AX and β-glucan were therefore tested in in vitro fermentation studies to assess their prebiotic activity when used individually and/or in different ratios. Short-chain fatty-acids (SCFAs) produced from in vitro fermentation were measured using HPLC and bacterial populations were measured using flow cytometry with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (Flow-FISH). Fermentation of AX alone resulted in a significant bifidogenic activity and increased concentrations of SCFAs, mainly acetate, after 8-24 h of fermentation, however β-glucan alone did not show prebiotic activity. The greatest prebiotic activity, based on concentration of total SCFAs and increases in total bacteria as well as beneficial Bifidobacterium and Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium groups, was observed when AX and β-glucan were combined at a 3:1 ratio, which corresponds to their ratios in wheat flour which is major source of cereal fibre in the diet. This indicates that the population of bacteria in the human GI tract may be modulated by the composition of the fibre in the diet, to maximise the prebiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Harris
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Ondrej Kosik
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Peter Shewry
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Alison Lovegrove
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
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245
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Experimental Determination of the Threshold Dose for Bifidogenic Activity of Dietary 1-Kestose in Rats. Foods 2019; 9:foods9010004. [PMID: 31861709 PMCID: PMC7022987 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Kestose is a non-digestible oligosaccharide consisting of glucose linked to two fructose units. While 1-kestose is not digested in the small intestine of mammals, it is fermented in the ceca and colon, where the growth of bifidobacteria is promoted. In the present study, we assessed the threshold dose of dietary 1-kestose that increased cecal bifidobacterial levels in rats. Rats were fed experimental diets containing 0% to 0.3% 1-kestose for four weeks. The levels of the genus Bifidobacterium and total gut bacteria were significantly increased in cecal samples of rats fed the 0.3% 1-kestose diet. Further, a significant correlation between the dose of 1-kestose and the levels of cecal Bifidobacterium and total gut bacteria was observed. The minimum dose of dietary 1-kestose to induce significant bifidogenic activity in rats was 0.3% by weight in the diet.
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246
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New therapeutic approaches to target gut-brain axis dysfunction during anorexia nervosa. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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247
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Chen YH, Bai J, Wu D, Yu SF, Qiang XL, Bai H, Wang HN, Peng ZW. Association between fecal microbiota and generalized anxiety disorder: Severity and early treatment response. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:56-66. [PMID: 31437702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between abnormal gut microbiome compositions and anxiety-like behaviors are well established. However, it is unknown whether the gut microbiome composition is associated with the severity of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and relief from clinical symptoms in patients. METHODS Stool samples from 36 patients with active GAD (A-GAD group) and 24 matched healthy control subjects (HC group) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Anxiety was assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and global assessments of functioning were performed at baseline and 1 month after drug treatment. RESULTS Gut microbiome compositions were altered in A-GAD patients, with fewer operational taxonomic units and lower fecal bacterial α-diversity. Specifically, Firmicutes and Tenericutes abundances were lower in A-GAD patients, and several genera were differentially represented in the A-GAD and HC groups. The abundances of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Prevotella_9 correlated negatively with the anxiety severity and positively with anxiety reduction, whereas the abundances of Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella were positively associated with anxiety severity. Sex, smoking, and alcohol intake influenced the gut microbiome composition. LIMITATIONS The sample sizes were small and the stool samples were collected only at baseline; therefore, a causal association between changes in intestinal flora and disease remission was not established. Moreover, the effects of different drugs on gut microbiome composition were not investigated. CONCLUSIONS Altered gut microbiome composition may contribute to GAD pathogenesis and remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15# Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15# Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15# Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shou-Fen Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15# Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Qiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15# Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15# Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15# Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15# Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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248
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Xiao S, Liu C, Chen M, Zou J, Zhang Z, Cui X, Jiang S, Shang E, Qian D, Duan J. Scutellariae radix and coptidis rhizoma ameliorate glycolipid metabolism of type 2 diabetic rats by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:303-317. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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249
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Chen L, Li D, Shao Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Identifying Microbiota Signature and Functional Rules Associated With Bacterial Subtypes in Human Intestine. Front Genet 2019; 10:1146. [PMID: 31803234 PMCID: PMC6872643 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiomes are integral microflora located in the human intestine with particular symbiosis. Among all microorganisms in the human intestine, bacteria are the most significant subgroup that contains many unique and functional species. The distribution patterns of bacteria in the human intestine not only reflect the different microenvironments in different sections of the intestine but also indicate that bacteria may have unique biological functions corresponding to their proper regions of the intestine. However, describing the functional differences between the bacterial subgroups and their distributions in different individuals is difficult using traditional computational approaches. Here, we first attempted to introduce four effective sets of bacterial features from independent databases. We then presented a novel computational approach to identify potential distinctive features among bacterial subgroups based on a systematic dataset on the gut microbiome from approximately 1,500 human gut bacterial strains. We also established a group of quantitative rules for explaining such distinctions. Results may reveal the microstructural characteristics of the intestinal flora and deepen our understanding on the regulatory role of bacterial subgroups in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Daojie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Shao
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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250
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The Constipation-Relieving Property of d-Tagatose by Modulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225721. [PMID: 31739640 PMCID: PMC6887738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
d-tagatose, a monosaccharide as well as a dietary supplement, has been reported as having a wide range of applicability in the food industry, however, the prebiotic activity, anticonstipation effects, and related mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, using the loperamide-induced constipation Kunming mice as the animal model, the effects of d-tagatose for the prevention of constipation were evaluated by gastrointestinal transit experiment and defecation experiment. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was clarified by evaluating the change of the biochemical indicators and analyzing 16S rRNA amplicon of gut microbiota among the different mice groups. The results showed that the gastrointestinal transit rate, fecal number, and weight in six hours were significantly enhanced after the administration of d-tagatose. In addition, d-tagatose significantly increased the serum levels of acetylcholine (Ach) and substance P (SP), whereas the serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) were significantly decreased. Moreover, the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the changes in the gut microbiota caused by constipation were restored by d-tagatose treatment. In conclusion, this study indicated that the administration of d-tagatose as a dietary supplement can effectively prevent and relieve constipation in Kunming mice, and it is a promising prebiotic candidate with constipation-relieving properties.
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