201
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Munenaga S, Ouhara K, Hamamoto Y, Kajiya M, Takeda K, Yamasaki S, Kawai T, Mizuno N, Fujita T, Sugiyama E, Kurihara H. The involvement of C5a in the progression of experimental arthritis with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in SKG mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:247. [PMID: 30390695 PMCID: PMC6235227 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence to suggest that periodontal disease (PD) is involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasing. The complement system plays a critical role in immune responses. C5a has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including PD and RA. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major causative bacteria of PD and can produce C5a. Therefore, it is hypothesized that P. gingivalis infection is involved in the progression of RA by elevating C5a levels. In the present study, P. gingivalis–infected RA model mice were established to investigate the involvement of C5a. Methods SKG mice orally infected with P. gingivalis were immunized with intraperitoneal injection of laminarin (LA) to induce arthritis. Arthritis development was assessed by arthritis score (AS), bone destruction on the talus, histology, and serum markers of RA. In order to investigate the effects of serum C5a on bone destruction, osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cells was examined by using serum samples from each group of mice. The relationship between C5a levels and antibody titers to periodontal pathogens in patients with RA was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results P. gingivalis oral infection increased AS, infiltration of inflammatory cells, bone destruction on the talus, and serum markers of RA in mice immunized with LA. The addition of serum from LA-injected mice with the P. gingivalis oral infection promoted osteoclast differentiation, and the addition of a neutralization antibody against C5a suppressed osteoclast differentiation. C5a levels of serum in RA patients with positive P. gingivalis antibody were elevated compared with those in RA patients with negative P. gingivalis antibody. Conclusions These results suggest that P. gingivalis infection enhances the progression of RA via C5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuichi Munenaga
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Yuta Hamamoto
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Kurume University Medical Center, 155-1 Kokubu-machi, Kurume, 839-0863, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Periodontology, Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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202
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Cordero OJ, Varela-Calviño R. Oral hygiene might prevent cancer. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00879. [PMID: 30417145 PMCID: PMC6218413 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many evidences support that species from the Human Oral Microbiome Database such as Fusobacterium nucleatum or Bacteroides, linked previously to periodontitis and appendicitis, play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC), including metastasis. These typically oral species are invasive anaerobes that form biofilms in their virulent state. Aspirin (a NSAID) has been recently included into routine CRC prevention rationale. NSAIDs can prevent the growth of neoplastic lesions by inhibiting COX enzymes and another set of recently identified COX-independent targets, which include the WNT, AMPK and MTOR signaling pathways, the crosstalk between nucleoli and NF-κB transcriptional activity in apoptosis, and the biochemistry of platelets. These are signaling pathways related to tumor-promoting inflammation. In this process, pathogens or simple deregulation of the microbiota play an important role in CRC. Aspirin and other NSAIDs are efficient inhibitors of biofilm formation and able to control periodontitis development preventing inflammation related to the microbiota of the gingival tissue, so its seems plausible to include this pathway in the mechanisms that aspirin uses to prevent CRC. We propose arguments suggesting that current oral hygiene methods and other future developments against periodontitis might prevent CRC and probably other cancers, alone or in combination with other options; and that the multidisciplinary studies needed to prove this hypothesis might be relevant for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J. Cordero
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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203
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Nobuhara H, Yanamoto S, Funahara M, Matsugu Y, Hayashida S, Soutome S, Kawakita A, Ikeda S, Itamoto T, Umeda M. Effect of perioperative oral management on the prevention of surgical site infection after colorectal cancer surgery: A multicenter retrospective analysis of 698 patients via analysis of covariance using propensity score. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12545. [PMID: 30290611 PMCID: PMC6200490 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical site infection (SSI) is 1 of the frequent postoperative complications after colorectal cancer surgery. Oral health care has been reported to reduce the risk of SSI or postoperative pneumonia in oral, esophageal, and lung cancer surgeries. The purpose of the study was to investigate the preventive effect of perioperative oral management on the development of SSI after a major colorectal cancer surgery.The medical records of 698 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery at 2 hospitals in Japan were reviewed. Among these patients, 563 patients received perioperative oral management (oral management group) and 135 did not (control group). Various demographic, cancer-related, and treatment-related variables including perioperative oral management intervention and the occurrence of SSI were investigated. The relationship between each variable and the occurrence of SSI was examined via univariate and multivariate analyses using Fisher exact test, 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression. The occurrence of SSI in the 2 groups was evaluated via logistic regression using propensity score as a covariate. The difference in mean postoperative hospital stay between the oral management and control groups was analyzed using Student's t test.SSI occurred in 68 (9.7%) of the 698 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that operation time, blood loss, and perioperative oral management were significantly correlated with the development of SSI. However, after the propensity score analysis, not receiving perioperative oral management also became a significant risk factor for SSI. The odds ratio of the oral management group was 0.484 (P = .014; 95% confidence interval: 0.272-0.862). Mean postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the oral management group than in the control group.Perioperative oral management reduces the risk of SSI after colorectal cancer surgery and shortens postoperative hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nobuhara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki
| | - Madoka Funahara
- Kyushu Dental University School of Oral Health Sciences, Fukuoka
| | - Yasuhiro Matsugu
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima
| | - Saki Hayashida
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki
| | - Sakiko Soutome
- Perioperative Oral Management Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawakita
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima
| | - Toshiyuki Itamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima
| | - Masahiro Umeda
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki
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204
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Abstract
Although periodontal disease and gastrointestinal tract health are closely associated, few studies have investigated whether periodontitis is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between periodontitis and the risk of colorectal adenoma in asymptomatic healthy people.From January 2013 to October 2015, we retrospectively enrolled 42,871 patients who underwent health screening at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital in South Korea. Demographic and clinical data were collected before colonoscopy. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for adenoma in these patients.The median age was 39.3 ± 8.7 years and 70.4% of the patients were men; 32.5% had a body mass index (BMI) 25.0 kg/m. The frequency of adenoma was 12% (n = 5136). A higher risk of adenoma was associated with the following factors: BMI 25.0 kg/m (OR 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-1.61), current smoker (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.42-1.61), former smoker (OR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.19-1.37), periodontitis (OR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.82-2.0), moderate alcohol intake (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.69-1.93), and heavy alcohol intake (OR 2.67, 95% CI: 2.24-3.18).Being male or a former or current smoker, alcohol intake above the moderate level, and periodontitis increase the risk of colorectal adenoma. These findings suggest that controlling oral disease is important to the prevention and management of colorectal adenoma. The findings of this study could be applied to risk stratification and colorectal cancer prevention programs, including screening guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyoun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju Self-governing Province
| | - Kyung Uk Jung
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ook Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hungdai Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Kyung Chun
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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205
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Ramenzoni LL, Zuellig RA, Hussain A, Lehmann R, Heumann C, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Bacterial supernatants elevate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in rat pancreatic INS-1 line and islet β-cells via PI3K/AKT signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 452:17-27. [PMID: 30039349 PMCID: PMC6373304 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and periodontitis are considered associated chronic diseases, and hyperinsulinemia in prediabetes has been shown to be present in normoglycemic animals with periodontitis. As periodontal bacterial species are significant sources of endotoxemia and may directly stimulate insulin secretion, we hypothesized that increased bacterial virulence may exert an adverse effect on rat pancreatic β-cell function via PI3K/AKT signaling. INS-1 cells and isolated pancreatic islets were cultured separately with the following supernatants: Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), and Treponema denticola (T.d). Supernatants were purified from single bacterial cultures and prepared at different dilutions (100 pg/ml, 50 ng/ml, 200 ng/ml, and 500 ng/ml) to challenge INS-1 and islets. Gene expression (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, TLR2, TLR4, Ins1, and Ins2) and insulin secretion were measured. The results showed upregulation of gene expression up to 5.5-fold, not only as a result of the different dilutions used, but also due to bacterial virulence (p < 0.05). P.g and T.d supernatants demonstrated an increase in insulin secretion to fivefold at hypo- and hyperglycemia, yet stimulation from hypo- to hyperglycemia stays in the same ratio. Activation of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling by supernatants in INS-1 cells resulted in increased IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 gene expression levels, and AKT phosphorylation, which were abolished by TLR4 and PI3K/AKT signaling inhibitor. We demonstrated that bacterial supernatants derived from gram-negative species increasingly stimulate insulin secretion in β-cells and TLR4 may promote inflammation by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to induce pro-inflammatory molecules. Bacterial species, depending on their virulence, appear to play a role in the relationship between periodontitis and prediabetes by promoting insulin resistance and β-cell compensatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza L Ramenzoni
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Zuellig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Abbas Hussain
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Lehmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Heumann
- Department for Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Theresienstrasse 39/I, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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206
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Oral Health and the Oral Microbiome in Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview of Epidemiological Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 23:310-314. [PMID: 29189325 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to provide a cohesive overview of epidemiological studies of periodontal disease, oral microbiome profiles, and pancreatic cancer risk. DESIGN A PubMed search of articles published in English through July 2017 with additional review of bibliographies of identified articles. RESULTS Risk estimates for periodontal disease associated with pancreatic cancer consistently ranged from 1.5 to 2, aligning with a meta-analysis summary relative risk of 1.74. Analyses of antibodies to pathogenic and/or commensal oral bacteria in prediagnostic blood provided evidence that some oral bacteria and oral microbial diversity may be related to pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data present a plausible but complex relationship among pancreatic cancer, the oral microbiome, periodontal disease, and other risk factors that might be explained by systemic effects on immune and inflammatory processes. Larger comprehensive studies that examine serially collected epidemiological/clinical data and blood, tissue, and various microbial samples are needed to definitively determine how and whether oral health-related factors contribute to pancreatic cancer risk.
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207
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Lourenςo TGB, Spencer SJ, Alm EJ, Colombo APV. Defining the gut microbiota in individuals with periodontal diseases: an exploratory study. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1487741. [PMID: 29988721 PMCID: PMC6032013 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1487741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This exploratory study aimed to characterize the gut microbiome of individuals with different periodontal conditions, and correlate it with periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction. Methods: Stool samples were obtained from individuals presenting periodontal health (PH = 7), gingivitis (G = 14) and chronic periodontitis (CP = 23). The intestinal microbiome composition was determined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results: A lower alpha-diversity in the gut microbiome of individuals with CP was observed, although no significant difference among groups was found (p > 0.01). Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Euryarchaeota were increased, whereas Bacteroidetes were decreased in abundance in patients with periodontitis compared to PH. Prevotella (genus), Comamonadaceae (family) and Lactobacillales (order) were detected in higher numbers in G, while Bacteroidales (order) was predominant in PH (p < 0.01). Significant correlations (rho = 0.337-0.468, p < 0.01) were found between OTUs representative of periodontal pathogens and attachment loss. Mogibacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Prevotella were able to discriminate individuals with periodontal diseases from PH (overall accuracy = 84%). Oral taxa were detected in high numbers in all stool samples. Conclusions: Individuals with periodontal diseases present a less diverse gut microbiome consistent with other systemic inflammatory diseases. High numbers of oral taxa related to periodontal destruction and inflammation were detected in the gut microbiome of individuals regardless of periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Gomes Baeta Lourenςo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric John Alm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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208
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Zhu B, Macleod LC, Kitten T, Xu P. Streptococcus sanguinis biofilm formation & interaction with oral pathogens. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:915-932. [PMID: 29882414 PMCID: PMC6060398 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caries and periodontitis are the two most common human dental diseases and are caused by dysbiosis of oral flora. Although commensal microorganisms have been demonstrated to protect against pathogens and promote oral health, most previous studies have addressed pathogenesis rather than commensalism. Streptococcus sanguinis is a commensal bacterium that is abundant in the oral biofilm and whose presence is correlated with health. Here, we focus on the mechanism of biofilm formation in S. sanguinis and the interaction of S. sanguinis with caries- and periodontitis-associated pathogens. In addition, since S. sanguinis is well known as a cause of infective endocarditis, we discuss the relationship between S. sanguinis biofilm formation and its pathogenicity in endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Lorna C Macleod
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Todd Kitten
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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209
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Li BL, Cheng L, Zhou XD, Peng X. [Research progress on the relationship between oral microbes and digestive system diseases]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:331-335. [PMID: 29984938 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome project promoted further understanding on human oral microbes. Besides oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer, oral microbes are closely associated with systematic diseases. They have a close connection with digestive system diseases and even contribute to the origination and progression of colorectal cancer. By reviewing recent studies involving oral microbe-related digestive systemic diseases, we aim to propose the considerable role of oral microbes in relation to digestive systemic diseases and the way of oral microbes to multiple organs of digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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210
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Porter CM, Shrestha E, Peiffer LB, Sfanos KS. The microbiome in prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 21:345-354. [PMID: 29795140 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer initiation and/or progression through both direct and indirect interactions. To date, the majority of studies have focused on direct interactions including the influence of prostate infections on prostate cancer risk and, more recently, on the composition of the urinary microbiome in relation to prostate cancer. Less well understood are indirect interactions of the microbiome with prostate cancer, such as the influence of the gastrointestinal or oral microbiota on pro- or anti-carcinogenic xenobiotic metabolism, and treatment response. METHODS We review the literature to date on direct and indirect interactions of the microbiome with prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. RESULTS Emerging studies indicate that the microbiome can influence prostate inflammation in relation to benign prostate conditions such as prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia, as well as in prostate cancer. We provide evidence that the human microbiome present at multiple anatomic sites (urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, etc.) may play an important role in prostate health and disease. CONCLUSIONS In health, the microbiome encourages homeostasis and helps educate the immune system. In dysbiosis, a systemic inflammatory state may be induced, predisposing remote anatomical sites to disease, including cancer. The microbiome's ability to affect systemic hormone levels may also be important, particularly in a disease such as prostate cancer that is dually affected by estrogen and androgen levels. Due to the complexity of the potential interconnectedness between prostate cancer and the microbiome, it is vital to further explore and understand the relationships that are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Porter
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eva Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren B Peiffer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Comparative and Molecular Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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211
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A Comparative Study of Oral Health Status between International and Japanese University Student Patients in Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6020052. [PMID: 29786654 PMCID: PMC6023454 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The number of international students enrolled in universities in Japan is increasing. To provide better oral care services for international students, we have to understand their oral environment and dental health behaviors. However, few studies have investigated the oral health status of international university students. The object of the present study was to clarify the current oral status of international university students. Methods: The subjects were students who visited the dental department at the University of Tokyo’s Health Services Center between April 2012 and March 2013. Our medical records were reviewed with regard to the following items: attributes (nationality, gender, and age); chief complaint (reason for visit); history of dental treatment; mean number of decayed (D), missing (M) or filled (F) teeth as a single (DMFT) index; degree of calculus deposition; gingival condition; and oral hygiene status. Results: The records of 554 university students (138 international and 416 non-international students) were analyzed; 88.4% of the 138 international students were from Asian countries (n = 122), of which 47.1% were from China and 10.9% from Korea, followed by North America (5.8%), Europe (4.3%), and Africa (1.5%). Although no significant differences were found regarding the history of dental treatment between international and non-international students (49.3% and 48.8%, respectively), international students had a significantly higher dental caries morbidity rate (60.1%) than non-international students (49.0%). The international students showed a significantly higher DMFT value compared with the non-international students: 5.0 and 4.0 per individual, respectively. Severe calculus deposition was observed in international students compared with non-international students (51.9% and 31.7%, respectively). Conclusions: The international university students had poorer oral health status than the non-international students, even though the result might include many uncertainties and possible biases.
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212
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Albuquerque YE, Danelon M, Salvador MJ, Koga-Ito CY, Botazzo Delbem AC, Ramirez-Rueda RY, Lacerda Gontijo AV, Brighenti FL. Mouthwash containing Croton doctoris essential oil: in vitro study using a validated model of caries induction. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:631-643. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To validate an in vitro caries model and to evaluate an experimental mouthwash containing Croton doctoris essential oil. Materials & methods: To validate the experimental model, we used McBain medium and polymicrobial biofilms. The EOM (essential oil mouthwash) was tested using the validated model. Microbial composition (colony-forming unit/ml), acidogenicity, enamel demineralization (percentage of surface enamel hardness loss), cytotoxicity and essential oil composition were evaluated. Results: The model was validated with 0.5% sucrose, duration of 4 days and treatments twice per day. There were statistically significant differences between the EOM, the negative control and chlorhexidine mouthwash in colony-forming unit/ml and percentage of surface enamel hardness loss. Cytotoxicity was similar to that of chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total of 66.11% of the essential oil consists of sesquiterpenes. Conclusion: The experimental mouthwash showed antimicrobial activity against polymicrobial biofilms and reduced enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Etienne Albuquerque
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Araraquara. R Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara – SP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Araçatuba. R José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba – SP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Department of Plant Biology, PPG BTPB and PPG BV, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Postal box 6109, Campinas – SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de São José dos Campos Av Eng Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos – SP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Araçatuba. R José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba – SP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Román Yesid Ramirez-Rueda
- Department of Plant Biology, PPG BTPB and PPG BV, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Postal box 6109, Campinas – SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Vidal Lacerda Gontijo
- Department of Plant Biology, PPG BTPB and PPG BV, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Postal box 6109, Campinas – SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Araraquara. R Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara – SP 14801-903, Brazil
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213
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Shah MS, DeSantis TZ, Weinmaier T, McMurdie PJ, Cope JL, Altrichter A, Yamal JM, Hollister EB. Leveraging sequence-based faecal microbial community survey data to identify a composite biomarker for colorectal cancer. Gut 2018; 67:882-891. [PMID: 28341746 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the USA. The faecal microbiome may provide non-invasive biomarkers of CRC and indicate transition in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Re-analysing raw sequence and metadata from several studies uniformly, we sought to identify a composite and generalisable microbial marker for CRC. DESIGN Raw 16S rRNA gene sequence data sets from nine studies were processed with two pipelines, (1) QIIME closed reference (QIIME-CR) or (2) a strain-specific method herein termed SS-UP (Strain Select, UPARSE bioinformatics pipeline). A total of 509 samples (79 colorectal adenoma, 195 CRC and 235 controls) were analysed. Differential abundance, meta-analysis random effects regression and machine learning analyses were carried out to determine the consistency and diagnostic capabilities of potential microbial biomarkers. RESULTS Definitive taxa, including Parvimonas micra ATCC 33270, Streptococcus anginosus and yet-to-be-cultured members of Proteobacteria, were frequently and significantly increased in stools from patients with CRC compared with controls across studies and had high discriminatory capacity in diagnostic classification. Microbiome-based CRC versus control classification produced an area under receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve of 76.6% in QIIME-CR and 80.3% in SS-UP. Combining clinical and microbiome markers gave a diagnostic AUROC of 83.3% for QIIME-CR and 91.3% for SS-UP. CONCLUSIONS Despite technological differences across studies and methods, key microbial markers emerged as important in classifying CRC cases and such could be used in a universal diagnostic for the disease. The choice of bioinformatics pipeline influenced accuracy of classification. Strain-resolved microbial markers might prove crucial in providing a microbial diagnostic for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi S Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA.,Bioinformatics, Second Genome Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTexas, USA
| | - Todd Z DeSantis
- Bioinformatics, Second Genome Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas Weinmaier
- Bioinformatics, Second Genome Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul J McMurdie
- Bioinformatics, Second Genome Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.,Bioinformatics, Whole Biome Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julia L Cope
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTexas, USA.,Diversigen, Inc, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adam Altrichter
- Bioinformatics, Second Genome Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jose-Miguel Yamal
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily B Hollister
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTexas, USA
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214
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Gao L, Xu T, Huang G, Jiang S, Gu Y, Chen F. Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body. Protein Cell 2018; 9:488-500. [PMID: 29736705 PMCID: PMC5960472 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes appear in every corner of human life, and microbes affect every aspect of human life. The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats. Synergy and interaction of variable oral microorganisms help human body against invasion of undesirable stimulation outside. However, imbalance of microbial flora contributes to oral diseases and systemic diseases. Oral microbiomes play an important role in the human microbial community and human health. The use of recently developed molecular methods has greatly expanded our knowledge of the composition and function of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Studies in oral microbiomes and their interactions with microbiomes in variable body sites and variable health condition are critical in our cognition of our body and how to make effect on human health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Song Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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215
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Sex-specific differences in the occurrence of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies and Fusobacterium periodonticum in the oral cavity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20631-20639. [PMID: 29755677 PMCID: PMC5945502 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontitis-associated species Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) has been implicated in several extra-oral diseases, including preterm birth and colorectal cancer. Due to its genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, FN is classified in four subspecies which may differ in their disease potential. Here we compared the prevalence of FN subspecies and the close relative F. periodonticum (FP) via 16S rRNA gene analysis in saliva from 100 healthy individuals (60 females, and 40 males) from eleven countries spanning five continents. By focusing on the most abundant sequence types (i.e. analysis of approximately ten clone sequences each) the average number of FN/FP subspecies per individual differed significantly between females and males, i.e. 2.93 versus 2.5, respectively (P = 0.043). FN subsp. fusiforme/vincentii was significantly more prevalent in females vs males, with 2.85 vs. 1.68 sequence reads per individual, respectively (P = 0.012). A significant age-related difference was observed in females but not in males, i.e. 2.6 subspecies on average in females ≤ 30 years vs. 3.2 in females > 30 (P = 0.0076). Given the link between FN and systemic disorders our findings highlight the need for microbial studies at the subspecies level to further characterize the role of periodontal pathogens in diseases that affect females and males differently, e.g. colorectal cancer.
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216
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Nakamura S, Shioya K, Hiraoka BY, Suzuki N, Hoshino T, Fujiwara T, Yoshinari N, Ansai T, Yoshida A. Porphyromonas gingivalis hydrogen sulfide enhances methyl mercaptan-induced pathogenicity in mouse abscess formation. Microbiology (Reading) 2018; 164:529-539. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Oral Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koki Shioya
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | | | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hoshino
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taku Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yoshinari
- Department of Periodontology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ansai
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Oral Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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217
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218
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Burczynska A, Dziewit L, Decewicz P, Struzycka I, Wroblewska M. Application of Metagenomic Analyses in Dentistry as a Novel Strategy Enabling Complex Insight into Microbial Diversity of the Oral Cavity. Pol J Microbiol 2018; 66:9-15. [PMID: 29359689 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1234988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the oral microbiome in healthy individuals is complex and dynamic, and depends on many factors, such as anatomical location in the oral cavity, diet, oral hygiene habits or host immune responses. It is estimated at present that worldwide about 2 billion people suffer from diseases of the oral cavity, mainly periodontal disease and dental caries. Importantly, the oral microflora involved in local infections may spread and cause systemic, even life-threatening infections. In search for etiological agents of infections in dentistry, traditional approaches are not sufficient, as about 50% of oral bacteria are not cultivable. Instead, metagenomic analyses are particularly useful for studies of the complex oral microbiome - both in healthy individuals, and in patients with oral and dental diseases. In this paper we review the current and future applications of metagenomic studies in evaluation of both the composition of the oral microbiome as well as its potential pathogenic role in infections in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Decewicz
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland; Research and Development for Life Sciences Ltd., Poland
| | - Izabela Struzycka
- Department of Comprehensive Dental Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Wroblewska
- Department of Dental Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Central Clinical Hospital in Warsaw, Poland
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219
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Harjunmaa U, Doyle R, Järnstedt J, Kamiza S, Jorgensen JM, Stewart CP, Shaw L, Hallamaa L, Ashorn U, Klein N, Dewey KG, Maleta K, Ashorn P. Periapical infection may affect birth outcomes via systemic inflammation. Oral Dis 2018; 24:847-855. [PMID: 29230915 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal dental periapical infections are associated with preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. This study investigates whether the association is mediated through bacterial spread from periapical lesions to placenta (direct pathway) or systemic inflammatory reaction (indirect pathway). MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared birth outcomes in Malawian mothers with and without periapical infection. As markers of a direct pathway, we identified placental bacteria using a 16S rDNA approach and assessed histological evidence of inflammation in the placenta and amniotic membranes. We measured C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and salivary cortisol as markers of an indirect pathway. We used regression models to associate the predictor variables with duration of pregnancy and newborn size. RESULTS Of 1,024 women, 23.5% had periapical infection. There was no association of periapical infection with either bacterial DNA or histological inflammation in placenta or membranes. Periapical infection was associated with C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and cortisol concentrations in a dose-dependent manner at 36 weeks. Addition of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein or cortisol concentration into regression models attenuated the association between periapical infection and pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION There was no evidence of direct spread of periapical bacteria to the placenta. Periapical infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes are in part mediated through systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Harjunmaa
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Doyle
- Microbiology, Virology & Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Järnstedt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Kamiza
- Department of Pathology, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - J M Jorgensen
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C P Stewart
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L Shaw
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Hallamaa
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - U Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - N Klein
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - K G Dewey
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Maleta
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - P Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
For millions of years, our resident microbes have coevolved and coexisted with us in a mostly harmonious symbiotic relationship. We are not distinct entities from our microbiome, but together we form a 'superorganism' or holobiont, with the microbiome playing a significant role in our physiology and health. The mouth houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, harbouring over 700 species of bacteria that colonise the hard surfaces of teeth and the soft tissues of the oral mucosa. Through recent advances in technology, we have started to unravel the complexities of the oral microbiome and gained new insights into its role during both health and disease. Perturbations of the oral microbiome through modern-day lifestyles can have detrimental consequences for our general and oral health. In dysbiosis, the finely-tuned equilibrium of the oral ecosystem is disrupted, allowing disease-promoting bacteria to manifest and cause conditions such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. For practitioners and patients alike, promoting a balanced microbiome is therefore important to effectively maintain or restore oral health. This article aims to give an update on our current knowledge of the oral microbiome in health and disease and to discuss implications for modern-day oral healthcare.
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221
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Xiao E, Mattos M, Vieira GHA, Chen S, Corrêa JD, Wu Y, Albiero ML, Bittinger K, Graves DT. Diabetes Enhances IL-17 Expression and Alters the Oral Microbiome to Increase Its Pathogenicity. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:120-128.e4. [PMID: 28704648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor for periodontitis, an inflammatory bone disorder and the greatest cause of tooth loss in adults. Diabetes has a significant impact on the gut microbiota; however, studies in the oral cavity have been inconclusive. By 16S rRNA sequencing, we show here that diabetes causes a shift in oral bacterial composition and, by transfer to germ-free mice, that the oral microbiota of diabetic mice is more pathogenic. Furthermore, treatment with IL-17 antibody decreases the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota in diabetic mice; when transferred to recipient germ-free mice, oral microbiota from IL-17-treated donors induced reduced neutrophil recruitment, reduced IL-6 and RANKL, and less bone resorption. Thus, diabetes-enhanced IL-17 alters the oral microbiota and renders it more pathogenic. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis to better understand how diabetes can increase the risk and severity of tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcelo Mattos
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jôice Dias Corrêa
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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222
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Balejo RDP, Cortelli JR, Costa FO, Cyrino RM, Aquino DR, Cogo-Müller K, Miranda TB, Moura SP, Cortelli SC. Effects of chlorhexidine preprocedural rinse on bacteremia in periodontal patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 25:586-595. [PMID: 29211279 PMCID: PMC5701528 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single dose of systemic antibiotics and short-term use of mouthwashes reduce bacteremia. However, the effects of a single dose of preprocedural rinse are still controversial. This study evaluated, in periodontally diseased patients, the effects of a pre-procedural mouth rinse on induced bacteremia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Systemically healthy individuals with gingivitis (n=27) or periodontitis (n = 27) were randomly allocated through a sealed envelope system to: 0.12% chlorhexidine pre-procedural rinse (13 gingivitis and 13 periodontitis patients) or no rinse before dental scaling (14 gingivitis and 15 periodontitis patients). Periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque, and gingival indices were measured and subgingival samples were collected. Blood samples were collected before dental scaling, 2 and 6 minutes after scaling. Total bacterial load and levels of P. gingivalis were determined in oral and blood samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction, while aerobic and anaerobic counts were determined by culture in blood samples. The primary outcome was the antimicrobial effect of the pre-procedural rinse. Data was compared by Mann-Whitney and Signal tests (p<0.05). RESULTS In all sampling times, polymerase chain reaction revealed higher blood bacterial levels than culture (p<0.0001), while gingivitis patients presented lower bacterial levels in blood than periodontitis patients (p<0.0001). Individuals who experienced bacteremia showed worse mean clinical attachment level (3.4 mm vs. 1.1 mm) and more subgingival bacteria (p<0.005). The pre-procedural rinse did not reduce induced bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS Bacteremia was influenced by periodontal parameters. In periodontally diseased patients, pre-procedural rinsing showed a discrete effect on bacteremia control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Roberto Cortelli
- Universidade de Taubaté, Departamento de Odontologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Davi Romeiro Aquino
- Universidade de Taubaté, Departamento de Odontologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
| | - Karina Cogo-Müller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Sara Porto Moura
- Universidade de Taubaté, Departamento de Odontologia, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
| | - Sheila Cavalca Cortelli
- Universidade de Taubaté, Departamento de Odontologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa Periodontal, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
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223
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Tomás-Cortázar J, Plaza-Vinuesa L, de Las Rivas B, Lavín JL, Barriales D, Abecia L, Mancheño JM, Aransay AM, Muñoz R, Anguita J, Rodríguez H. Identification of a highly active tannase enzyme from the oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:33. [PMID: 29482557 PMCID: PMC5828091 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tannases are tannin-degrading enzymes that have been described in fungi and bacteria as an adaptative mechanism to overcome the stress conditions associated with the presence of these phenolic compounds. RESULTS We have identified and expressed in E. coli a tannase from the oral microbiota member Fusobacterium nucleatum subs. polymorphum (TanBFnp). TanBFnp is the first tannase identified in an oral pathogen. Sequence analyses revealed that it is closely related to other bacterial tannases. The enzyme exhibits biochemical properties that make it an interesting target for industrial use. TanBFnp has one of the highest specific activities of all bacterial tannases described to date and shows optimal biochemical properties such as a high thermal stability: the enzyme keeps 100% of its activity after prolonged incubations at different temperatures up to 45 °C. TanBFnp also shows a wide temperature range of activity, maintaining above 80% of its maximum activity between 22 and 55 °C. The use of a panel of 27 esters of phenolic acids demonstrated activity of TanBFnp only against esters of gallic and protocatechuic acid, including tannic acid, gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. Overall, TanBFnp possesses biochemical properties that make the enzyme potentially useful in biotechnological applications. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and characterized a metabolic enzyme from the oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum. The biochemical properties of TanBFnp suggest that it has a major role in the breakdown of complex food tannins during oral processing. Our results also provide some clues regarding its possible participation on bacterial survival in the oral cavity. Furthermore, the characteristics of this enzyme make it of potential interest for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Lavín
- Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Diego Barriales
- Macrophage and Tick Vaccine Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leticia Abecia
- Macrophage and Tick Vaccine Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Mancheño
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano" (IQFR-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Aransay
- Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Anguita
- Macrophage and Tick Vaccine Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Héctor Rodríguez
- Macrophage and Tick Vaccine Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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224
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Macrophage Polarization Alters Postphagocytosis Survivability of the Commensal Streptococcus gordonii. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00858-17. [PMID: 29229734 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00858-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral streptococci are generally considered commensal organisms; however, they are becoming recognized as important associate pathogens during the development of periodontal disease as well as being associated with several systemic diseases, including as a causative agent of infective endocarditis. An important virulence determinant of these bacteria is an ability to evade destruction by phagocytic cells, yet how this subversion occurs is mostly unknown. Using Streptococcus gordonii as a model commensal oral streptococcus that is also associated with disease, we find that resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an active ability to damage phagosomes allows the bacterium to avoid destruction within macrophages. This ability to survive relies not only on the ROS resistance capabilities of the bacterium but also on ROS production by macrophages, with both being required for maximal survival of internalized bacteria. Importantly, we also show that this dependence on ROS production by macrophages for resistance has functional significance: S. gordonii intracellular survival increases when macrophages are polarized toward an activated (M1) profile, which is known to result in prolonged phagosomal ROS production compared to that of alternatively (M2) polarized macrophages. We additionally find evidence of the bacterium being capable of both delaying the maturation of and damaging phagosomes. Taken together, these results provide essential insights regarding the mechanisms through which normally commensal oral bacteria can contribute to both local and systemic inflammatory disease.
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225
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Host defense against oral microbiota by bone-damaging T cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:701. [PMID: 29453398 PMCID: PMC5816021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system evolved to efficiently eradicate invading bacteria and terminate inflammation through balancing inflammatory and regulatory T-cell responses. In autoimmune arthritis, pathogenic TH17 cells induce bone destruction and autoimmune inflammation. However, whether a beneficial function of T-cell-induced bone damage exists is unclear. Here, we show that bone-damaging T cells have a critical function in the eradication of bacteria in a mouse model of periodontitis, which is the most common infectious disease. Bacterial invasion leads to the generation of specialized TH17 cells that protect against bacteria by evoking mucosal immune responses as well as inducing bone damage, the latter of which also inhibits infection by removing the tooth. Thus, bone-damaging T cells, which may have developed to stop local infection by inducing tooth loss, function as a double-edged sword by protecting against pathogens while also inducing skeletal tissue degradation.
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226
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Vander Haar EL, So J, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence. Anaerobe 2018; 50:55-59. [PMID: 29409815 PMCID: PMC6750227 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic oral commensal associated with periodontal disease. F. nucleatum has been implicated in a wide spectrum of systemic diseases, including oral, gastro-intestinal, rheumatologic, and vascular pathologies. As pregnancy risk has been linked to periodontal disease, there has also been significant research into the effects of periodontal disease on adverse pregnancy outcomes. This article reviews the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence of the role of F. nucleatum in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie L Vander Haar
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeewon So
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiping W Han
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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227
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Beck JD, Moss KL, Morelli T, Offenbacher S. Periodontal profile class is associated with prevalent diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and systemic markers of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. J Periodontol 2018; 89:157-165. [PMID: 29520823 PMCID: PMC6150775 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper focuses on the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) System that may be more informative and representative of periodontitis phenotypes than current case definitions of periodontitis. This study illustrates the unique aspects of the PPC compared with other periodontal indices for studying associations between periodontal disease and prevalent systemic conditions. METHODS We computed odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to compare associations between periodontal disease and prevalent systemic conditions using our new PPC and two traditional indices. We used the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to determine the fit of the model and the magnitude of the contribution attributable to periodontal disease beyond traditional risk factors. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (1996-1998) results were compared with results from the combined National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014 datasets. RESULTS In the ARIC Study, high gingival inflammation, tooth loss, severe tooth loss, and severe disease PPC components were significantly associated with diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin (IL)-6, while only severe disease was associated with stroke. Severe disease was associated with CHD using the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology index, and the European Periodontal index was associated with CHD and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS The addition of the PPC to traditional variables associated with prevalent diabetes, stroke, CHD, and systemic measures of inflammation resulted in very strong improvement of the overall models, while the traditional indices were less likely to be associated and, if present, the associations were weaker. The PPC system provides specific insight into the individuals and periodontal characteristics of the phenotype that are associated with systemic conditions that may be useful in designing treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Beck
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kevin L. Moss
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Thiago Morelli
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Steven Offenbacher
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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228
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Abstract
PURPOSE The oral microbiome has been related to numerous extra oral diseases. Recent studies detected a high abundance of oral bacteria in inflamed appendices in pediatric patients. To elucidate the role of oral bacteria in acute pediatric appendicitis, we studied the oral and appendiceal microbiome of affected children compared to healthy controls. METHODS Between January and June 2015, 21 children undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis and 28 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled in the study. All individuals underwent thorough dental examination and laboratory for inflammatory parameters. Samples of inflamed appendices and the gingival sulcus were taken for 16S rDNA sequencing. RT-qPCR of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, and Eikenella corrodens was performed and their viability was tested under acidic conditions to mimic gastric transfer. RESULTS In phlegmonous appendices, Bacteroidetes and Porphyromonas were discovered as dominant phylum and genus. In sulcus samples, Firmicutes and Streptococcus were detected predominantly. P. stomatis, E. corrodens, and F. nucleatum were identified in each group. Viable amounts of P. stomatis were increased in sulci of children with acute appendicitis compared to sulci of healthy controls. In inflamed appendices, viable amounts of E. corrodens and F. nucleatum were decreased compared to sulci of children with appendicitis. Postprandial viability could be demonstrated for all tested bacteria. CONCLUSION In children with acute appendicitis, we identified several oral bacterial pathogens. Based on postprandial viability of selected species, a viable migration from the oral cavity through the stomach to the appendix seems possible. Thus, the oral cavity could be a relevant reservoir for acute appendicitis.
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229
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Feres M, Teles F, Teles R, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M. The subgingival periodontal microbiota of the aging mouth. Periodontol 2000 2018; 72:30-53. [PMID: 27501490 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Different mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the increase in prevalence and severity of periodontitis in older adults, including shifts in the periodontal microbiota. However, the actual impact of aging on the composition of subgingival biofilms remains unclear. In the present article, we provide an overview of the composition of the subgingival biofilm in older adults and the potential effects of age on the oral microbiome. In particular, this review covers the following topics: (i) the oral microbiota of an aging mouth; (ii) the effects of age and time on the human oral microbiome; (iii) the potential impact of inflammaging and immunosenescence in the host-oral microbiota interactions; and (iv) the relationship of the aging oral microbiota and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we present analyses of data compiled from large clinical studies that evaluated the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from a wide age spectrum (20-83 years of age).
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230
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Bullon P, Pavillard LE, de la Torre-Torres R. Inflammasome and Oral Diseases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 108:153-176. [PMID: 30536171 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89390-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the main steps in the development of the life in the earth is multicellularity. It enables cell differentiation and the development of morphological structures within an organism and is an essential factor in how to recognize friendly cells that are part of the multicellular organism and which foreign organisms can be harmful. Recognition includes devices such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs are a group of proteins expressed by cells of the innate immune system that identify two classes of products: pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), related to microbial pathogens, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), associated with cell components that are released during cell damage or death. All these activate the inflammasome, which is a multiprotein oligomer that includes caspase 1, PYCARD, NALP, and caspase 5 (also known as caspase 11 or ICH-3). It is responsible for activation of inflammatory processes and has been shown to induce cell pyroptosis, a programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis, and promotes the maturation of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). We review whether inflammasome is related to diseases that can occur in the oral cavity. The mouth is always a possible environment for the development of pathological conditions because of the wide variety of microorganisms. Small variations in the equilibrium of the oral flora can cause disorders that could affect the organism in a systemic form. We provide data on periodontal disease, candidiasis, herpes virus, oral cancer, caries, and other oral diseases. There are very few papers that study this issue; therefore, we need more investigation and publications about inflammatory molecular processes, and more specifically, related to the inflammasome complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bullon
- Departament Periodontology, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Luis E Pavillard
- Departament Periodontology, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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231
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biofilm formation represents a protected mode of growth that renders bacterial cells less susceptible to antimicrobials and to killing by host immune effector mechanisms and so enables the pathogens to survive in hostile environments and also to disperse and colonize new niches. Biofilm disease includes device-related infections, chronic infections in the absence of a foreign body, and even malfunction of medical devices. Areas covered: This review puts forward a new medical entity that represents a major public health issue, which we have named 'biofilm-related disease'. We highlight the characteristics of biofilm disease including its pathogenesis, microbiological features, clinical presentation, and treatment challenges. Expert commentary: The diversity of biofilm-associated infections is increasing over time and its impact may be underestimated. This peculiar form of development endows associated bacteria with a high tolerance to conventional antimicrobial agents. A small percentage of persister cells developing within the biofilm is known to be highly tolerant to antibiotics and has typically been involved in causing relapse of infections. Knowledge of the pivotal role played by biofilm-growing microorganisms in related infections will provide new treatment dynamics for this biofilm-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Del Pozo
- a Infectious Diseases Division , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,b Department of Clinical Microbiology , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,c Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms , Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
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232
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Lauritano D, Sbordone L, Nardone M, Iapichino A, Scapoli L, Carinci F. Focus on periodontal disease and colorectal carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:229-233. [PMID: 29285324 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of focal disease, the theory that the human oral microbial (HOM) could affect the onset and development of systemic diseases, was very popular in the past, but the lack of scientific evidence has led to the abandonment of this idea. Interestingly, increasing evidence over the past 3 or so decades suggests that HOM can indeed serve as a reservoir for systemic dissemination of pathogenic bacteria and their toxins in distant body sites, favouring the developments of malignant tumours. Malignant tumours are complex communities of oncogenically transformed cells with aberrant genomes, associated non-neoplastic cells including immune and stromal cells, and sometimes HOM, including bacteria and viruses. Recent data suggest that HOM and periodontal disease play an active role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, in fact HOM has been found within the colorectal cancer microenvironment, and the composition of the HOM was different from that of adjacent non-neoplastic tissue. An association of fusobacterium nucleatum with the colonic mucosa of colorectal cancer has been proven. Several questions thus arise. Is periodontal disease a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma? Given the connectivity of the digestive tract, could fusubacterium nucleatum or other HOM be involved in additional gastrointestinal disorders? Furthermore, based on the "mobility" of Fusubacterium nucleatum and the omnipresence of cadherins, could this organism be involved in cancers beyond the gastrointestinal tract? Answers to these questions will shed new lights on the role of the HOM in onset of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - L Sbordone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - M Nardone
- Ministry of Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - A Iapichino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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233
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Mukherjee PK, Wang H, Retuerto M, Zhang H, Burkey B, Ghannoum MA, Eng C. Bacteriome and mycobiome associations in oral tongue cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97273-97289. [PMID: 29228609 PMCID: PMC5722561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral (mobile) tongue (OMTC), a non-human papilloma virus-associated oral cancer, is rapidly increasing without clear etiology. Poor oral hygiene has been associated with oral cancers, suggesting that oral bacteriome (bacterial community) and mycobiome (fungal community) could play a role. While the bacteriome is increasingly recognized as an active participant in health, the role of the mycobiome has not been studied in OMTC. Tissue DNA was extracted from 39 paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues from patients with OMTC. Microbiome profiling, principal coordinate, and dissimilarity index analyses showed bacterial diversity and richness, and fungal richness, were significantly reduced in tumor tissue (TT) compared to their matched non-tumor tissues (NTT, P<0.006). Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum, which was significantly increased in TT compared to NTT (48% vs. 40%, respectively; P=0.004). Abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were significantly decreased in TT compared to matched NTT (P≤0.003 for both). Abundance of 22 bacterial and 7 fungal genera was significantly different between the TT and NTT, including Streptococcus, which was the most abundant and significantly increased in the tumor group (34% vs. 22%, P<0.001). Abundance of fungal genus Aspergillus in TT correlated negatively with bacteria (Actinomyces, Prevotella, Streptococcus), but positively with Aggregatibacter. Patients with high T-stage disease had lower mean differences between TT and NTT compared with patients with low T-stage disease (0.07 vs. 0.21, P=0.04). Our results demonstrate differences in bacteriome and mycobiome between OMTC and their matched normal oral epithelium, and their association with T-stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab K. Mukherjee
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hannah Wang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mauricio Retuerto
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian Burkey
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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234
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Kantarci A, Hasturk H. Microbes and host response: A relationship between health and disease. Oral Dis 2017; 24:1385-1387. [PMID: 28799244 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H Hasturk
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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235
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Hutcherson JA, Sinclair KM, Belvin BR, Gui Q, Hoffman PS, Lewis JP. Amixicile, a novel strategy for targeting oral anaerobic pathogens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10474. [PMID: 28874750 PMCID: PMC5585216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microflora is composed of both health-promoting as well as disease-initiating bacteria. Many of the disease-initiating bacteria are anaerobic and include organisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia. Here we investigated a novel therapeutic, amixicile, that targets pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), a major metabolic enzyme involved in energy generation through oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. PFOR is present in these anaerobic pathogenic bacteria and thus we hypothesized that amixicile would effectively inhibit their growth. In general, PFOR is present in all obligate anaerobic bacteria, while oral commensal aerobes, including aerotolerant ones, such as Streptococcus gordonii, use pyruvate dehydrogenase to decarboxylate pyruvate. Accordingly, we observed that growth of the PFOR-containing anaerobic periodontal pathogens, grown in both monospecies as well as multispecies broth cultures was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner while that of S. gordonii was unaffected. Furthermore, we also show that amixicile is effective against these pathogens grown as monospecies and multispecies biofilms. Finally, amixicile is the first selective therapeutic agent active against bacteria internalized by host cells. Together, the results show that amixicile is an effective inhibitor of oral anaerobic bacteria and as such, is a good candidate for treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Hutcherson
- Philips Institute of Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kathryn M Sinclair
- Philips Institute of Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Benjamin R Belvin
- Philips Institute of Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Qin Gui
- Philips Institute of Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul S Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Janina P Lewis
- Philips Institute of Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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236
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Abstract
For over a century, non-virus microorganisms, notably bacteria have been implicated as causal agents of cancers, a relatively small number of researchers have provided evidence to support the so-called “cancer germ” hypothesis. With the exception of the link between Helicobacter pylori and stomach cancer, other supposed links have been ignored. A wide range of bacteria and other non-virus microbes, including fungi, have been implicated over the years in oncogenesis, as well as the ability to induce inflammation, which may cause cancer. It seems that there is no single “cancer germ,” as most bacteria can apparently induce cancer. Here, the role of bacteria and other non-virus microorganisms and oral cancers will be discussed. By ignoring bacteria as a causal agent of cancer, we set back our understanding of this crucially important disease and, as a result, have hindered the development of potential cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Faden
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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237
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Cobb CM, Kelly PJ, Williams KB, Babbar S, Angolkar M, Derman RJ. The oral microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Int J Womens Health 2017; 9:551-559. [PMID: 28848365 PMCID: PMC5557618 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s142730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant evidence supports an association between periodontal pathogenic bacteria and preterm birth and preeclampsia. The virulence properties assigned to specific oral pathogenic bacteria, for example, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Filifactor alocis, Campylobacter rectus, and others, render them as potential collaborators in adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Several pathways have been suggested for this association: 1) hematogenous spread (bacteremia) of periodontal pathogens; 2) hematogenous spread of multiple mediators of inflammation that are generated by the host and/or fetal immune response to pathogenic bacteria; and 3) the possibility of oral microbial pathogen transmission, with subsequent colonization, in the vaginal microbiome resulting from sexual practices. As periodontal disease is, for the most part, preventable, the medical and dental public health communities can address intervention strategies to control oral inflammatory disease, lessen the systemic inflammatory burden, and ultimately reduce the potential for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This article reviews the oral, vaginal, and placental microbiomes, considers their potential impact on preterm labor, and the future research needed to confirm or refute this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia J Kelly
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Studies
| | - Karen B Williams
- Department of Biomedical & Health Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Shilpa Babbar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Division of Maternal & Fetal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mubashir Angolkar
- Department of Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), KLE University, Karnataka, India
| | - Richard J Derman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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238
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Kornman KS, Giannobile WV, Duff GW. Quo vadis: what is the future of periodontics? How will we get there? Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:353-371. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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239
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Liljestrand JM, Paju S, Buhlin K, Persson GR, Sarna S, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Mäntylä P, Pussinen PJ. Lipopolysaccharide, a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and coronary artery disease. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:784-792. [PMID: 28556187 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to study how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in saliva and serum associates with each other, periodontal microbial burden, periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The used Parogene cohort comprised N = 505 Finnish adults. Coronary diagnosis was acquired by coronary angiography, and the main outcomes were as follows: no significant CAD (n = 123), stable CAD (n = 184) and acute coronary syndrome (n = 169). Periodontitis was defined according to clinical and radiographic examinations. Levels for 75 strains of subgingival bacteria were determined by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Saliva and serum LPS activity was analysed by Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. RESULTS The level of 11 bacterial strains, which were mainly oral and respiratory Gram-negative species, associated with salivary LPS levels in an age- and gender-adjusted linear regression. A total of 4.9% of the serum LPS, that is endotoxemia, variation was explainable by saliva LPS among patients with periodontitis (n = 247, R2 = .049, Pearson's r = .222, p < .001). Endotoxemia associated with stable CAD in a confounder adjusted multinomial logistic regression model (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.04-3.81, p = .039, 3rd tertile). CONCLUSIONS In particular in periodontitis patients, subgingival microbial burden contributes to endotoxemia. LPS is a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Liljestrand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - G Rutger Persson
- Departments of Oral Medicine and Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seppo Sarna
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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240
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Chimenos-Küstner E, Giovannoni ML, Schemel-Suárez M. Dysbiosis as a determinant factor of systemic and oral pathology: importance of microbiome. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 149:305-309. [PMID: 28669517 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genetic and epigenetic studies modified some concepts of health and disease that had been kept intact for decades. In this respect, in the last few years, microorganisms that have evolved with superior life forms for millions of years have taken an increased prominence. The genes of organisms and their microbiota constitute a microbiome that intervenes in health maintenance. The oral cavity is inhabited by a variety of microorganisms, their control aids in stabilising oral and systemic disease. The objective of this article is to update some concepts related to oral microbiome and its correlation with general and oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Chimenos-Küstner
- Estomatología, Docencia Titular de Medicina Bucal, Departamento de Odontoestomatología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - María Laura Giovannoni
- Odontología, Dociencia Asociada de Ergonomía, Departamento de Odontoestomatología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Mayra Schemel-Suárez
- Odontología, Máster en Medicina Bucal, Departamento de Odontoestomatología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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241
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Martiny D, Dauby N, Konopnicki D, Kampouridis S, Jissendi Tchofo P, Horoi M, Vlaes L, Retore P, Hallin M, Vandenberg O. MALDI-TOF MS contribution to the diagnosis of Campylobacter rectus multiple skull base and brain abscesses. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 19:83-86. [PMID: 28736616 PMCID: PMC5508623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter rectus is rarely associated with invasive infection. Both the isolation and the identification requirements of C. rectus are fastidious, probably contributing to an underestimation of its burden. We report the case of a 66-year-old man who developed several skull base and intracerebral abscesses after dental intervention. Campylobacter rectus was isolated from the brain biopsy. Within 45 minutes of reading the bacterial plate, the strain was accurately identified by MALDI-TOF MS. This rapid identification avoided the extra costs and delays present with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and allowed for a rapid confirmation of the adequacy of the empirical antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martiny
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - N Dauby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Konopnicki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Kampouridis
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Jissendi Tchofo
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Horoi
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Vlaes
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Retore
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Hallin
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Molecular Biology, LHUB - ULB, Pôle Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - O Vandenberg
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Research Centre on Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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242
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Kamińska D, Gajecka M. Is the role of human female reproductive tract microbiota underestimated? Benef Microbes 2017; 8:327-343. [PMID: 28504576 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An issue that is currently undergoing extensive study is the influence of human vaginal microbiota (VMB) on the health status of women and their neonates. Healthy women are mainly colonised with lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus iners; however, other bacteria may be elements of the VMB, particularly in women with bacterial vaginosis. The implementation of culture-independent molecular methods in VMB characterisation, especially next-generation sequencing, have provided new information regarding bacterial diversity in the vagina, revealing a large number of novel, fastidious, and/or uncultivated bacterial species. These molecular studies have contributed new insights regarding the role of bacterial community composition. In this study, we discuss recent findings regarding the reproductive tract microbiome. Not only bacteria but also viruses and fungi constitute important components of the reproductive tract microbiome. We focus on aspects related to the impact of the maternal microbiome on foetal development, as well as the establishment of the neonatal microbiomes, including the placenta microbiome, and the haematogenous source of intrauterine infection. We also discuss whether the role of the vaginal microbiome is currently understood and appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kamińska
- 1 Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Gajecka
- 1 Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.,2 Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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243
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Ye X, Wang R, Bhattacharya R, Boulbes DR, Fan F, Xia L, Adoni H, Ajami NJ, Wong MC, Smith DP, Petrosino JF, Venable S, Qiao W, Baladandayuthapani V, Maru D, Ellis LM. Fusobacterium Nucleatum Subspecies Animalis Influences Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Monocyte Activation in Human Colorectal Tumors. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:398-409. [PMID: 28483840 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection and associated inflammation have long been suspected to promote human carcinogenesis. Recently, certain gut bacteria, including some in the Fusobacterium genus, have been implicated in playing a role in human colorectal cancer development. However, the Fusobacterium species and subspecies involved and their oncogenic mechanisms remain to be determined. We sought to identify the specific Fusobacterium spp. and ssp. in clinical colorectal cancer specimens by targeted sequencing of Fusobacterium 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Five Fusobacterium spp. were identified in clinical colorectal cancer specimens. Additional analyses confirmed that Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. animalis was the most prevalent F. nucleatum subspecies in human colorectal cancers. We also assessed inflammatory cytokines in colorectal cancer specimens using immunoassays and found that expression of the cytokines IL17A and TNFα was markedly increased but IL21 decreased in the colorectal tumors. Furthermore, the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 was differentially expressed in colorectal tumors at all stages. In in vitro co-culture assays, F. nucleatum ssp. animalis induced CCL20 protein expression in colorectal cancer cells and monocytes. It also stimulated the monocyte/macrophage activation and migration. Our observations suggested that infection with F. nucleatum ssp. animalis in colorectal tissue could induce inflammatory response and promote colorectal cancer development. Further studies are warranted to determine if F. nucleatum ssp. animalis could be a novel target for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. Cancer Prev Res; 10(7); 398-409. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcang Ye
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajat Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Delphine R Boulbes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Xia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Harish Adoni
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew C Wong
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan Venable
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Dipen Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lee M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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244
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Maisonneuve P, Amar S, Lowenfels A. Periodontal disease, edentulism, and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:985-995. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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245
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Bashiardes S, Tuganbaev T, Federici S, Elinav E. The microbiome in anti-cancer therapy. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:74-81. [PMID: 28431920 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The commensal microbiome constitutes an important modulator of host physiology and risk of disease, including cancer development and progression. Lately, the microbiome has been suggested to modulate the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. Examples include chemotherapy and total body irradiation-induced barrier function disruption, leading to microbial efflux that drives activation of anti-tumorigenic T cells; Microbiome-driven release of reactive oxygen species contributing to the efficacy of platinum salts; and microbiome-induced immune priming promoting the anti-tumor effects of alkylating chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, selected commensals are able to colonize solid tumors. This 'tumor microbiome' may further impact local tumor responses to treatment and potentially be harnessed for tumor-specific targeting and therapeutic delivery. In this review, we present recent advances in understanding of the intricate role of microbiome in modulating efficacy of a number of anti-cancer treatments, and discuss how anti-cancer treatment approaches utilizing the tumor microbiome may enhance oncological treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Bashiardes
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Timur Tuganbaev
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara Federici
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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246
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Pianta A, Arvikar S, Strle K, Drouin EE, Wang Q, Costello CE, Steere AC. Evidence of the Immune Relevance of Prevotella copri, a Gut Microbe, in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:964-975. [PMID: 27863183 DOI: 10.1002/art.40003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prevotella copri, an intestinal microbe, may overexpand in stool samples from patients with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but it is not yet clear whether the organism has immune relevance in RA pathogenesis. METHODS HLA-DR-presented peptides (T cell epitopes) from P copri were sought directly in the patients' synovial tissue or peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples using tandem mass spectrometry. The antigenicity of peptides or their source proteins was examined in samples from the RA patients or comparison groups. T cell reactivity was determined by enzyme-linked immunospot assay; antibody responses were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cytokine/chemokine determinations were made by bead-based assays. Serum and synovial fluid samples were examined for 16S ribosomal DNA for P copri using nested polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS In PBMCs, we identified an HLA-DR-presented peptide from a 27-kd protein of P copri (Pc-p27), which stimulated Th1 responses in 42% of patients with new-onset RA. In both new-onset RA patients and chronic RA patients, 1 subgroup had IgA antibody responses to either Pc-p27 or the whole organism, which correlated with Th17 cytokine responses and frequent anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). The other subgroup had IgG P copri antibodies, which were associated with Prevotella DNA in synovial fluid, P copri-specific Th1 responses, and less frequent ACPAs. In contrast, P copri antibody responses were rarely found in patients with other rheumatic diseases or in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Subgroups of RA patients have differential IgG or IgA immune reactivity with P copri, which appears to be specific for this disease. These observations provide evidence that P copri is immune-relevant in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pianta
- Massachusetts General Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheila Arvikar
- Massachusetts General Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Klemen Strle
- Massachusetts General Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elise E Drouin
- Massachusetts General Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qi Wang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Allen C Steere
- Massachusetts General Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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247
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Lin NJ. Biofilm over teeth and restorations: What do we need to know? Dent Mater 2017; 33:667-680. [PMID: 28372810 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this manuscript is to provide an overview of biofilm attributes and measurement approaches in the context of studying biofilms on tooth and dental material surfaces to improve oral health. METHODS A historical perspective and terminology are presented, followed by a general description of the complexity of oral biofilms. Then, an approach to grouping measurable biofilm properties is presented and considered in relation to biofilm-material interactions and material design strategies to alter biofilms. Finally, the need for measurement assurance in biofilm and biofilm-materials research is discussed. RESULTS Biofilms are highly heterogeneous communities that are challenging to quantify. Their characteristics can be broadly categorized into constituents (identity), quantity, structure, and function. These attributes can be measured over time and in response to substrates and external stimuli. Selecting the biofilm attribute(s) of interest and appropriate measurement methods will depend on the application and, in the case of antimicrobial therapies, the strategic approach and expected mechanism of action. To provide measurement assurance, community accepted protocols and guidelines for minimum data and metadata should be established and broadly applied. Consensus standards may help to streamline testing and demonstration of product claims. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding oral biofilms and their interactions with tooth and dental material surfaces holds great promise for enabling improvements in oral and overall human health. Both substrate and biofilm properties should be considered to develop a more thorough understanding of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Lin
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8543, USA.
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248
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LaMonte MJ, Genco RJ, Hovey KM, Wallace RB, Freudenheim JL, Michaud DS, Mai X, Tinker LF, Salazar CR, Andrews CA, Li W, Eaton CB, Martin LW, Wactawski-Wende J. History of Periodontitis Diagnosis and Edentulism as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e004518. [PMID: 28356279 PMCID: PMC5532989 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have reported associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older women, which is the objective of the present investigation. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were 57 001 postmenopausal women ages 55 to 89 years (mean 68 years; >85% 60 and older) who were enrolled (1993-1998) in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, and were without known CVD when history of periodontitis and edentulism was assessed by questionnaire at study Year-5 (1998-2003). There were 3589 incident CVD events and 3816 total deaths during a mean follow-up of 6.7 years. In multivariable analysis, periodontitis was not associated with CVD events, but was associated with higher total mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21). Edentulism was associated with higher age- and smoking-adjusted risks of CVD (HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.27-1.59) and mortality (HR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.32-1.63). Further adjustment eliminated the association with CVD, but mortality remained significantly increased (HR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33). Stratification on age, race-ethnicity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus yielded comparable results; however, edentulism was more strongly associated with CVD in women reporting ≥1 dental visit (HR=1.57) compared with <1 visit (HR 1.03, interaction P=0.004) annually. CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling older women, edentulism was associated with increased risks of CVD and total mortality, and presence of periodontitis, which is more prevalent than edentulism, was associated with 17% higher mortality rate. These findings suggest that improving periodontal condition of the general population could reduce overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Kathleen M Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, NY
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaodan Mai
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, NY
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Christian R Salazar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Lisa W Martin
- Department of Cardiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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249
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Lucchese A. Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II and autoimmunity in cardiovascular diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:456-460. [PMID: 28286107 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious pathogens from the oral cavity cause oral diseases such as caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, endodontic infections, and alveolar osteitis, and often are also concomitant to systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, stroke, preterm birth, diabetes, and pneumonia, among others. The relationship(s) between oral infections and systemic diseases are still unclear. Using the bacterial cell surface antigen I/II from S. mutans and cardiovascular diseases as a model, this study analyzes peptide commonalities that might underlie autoimmune crossreactions between the bacterial antigen and human proteins associated with cardiovascular disorders. The study outlines a vast peptide sharing that calls attention on autoimmune crossreactivity as a possible mechanism by which S. mutans infection might contribute to induce cardiovascular diseases, and, more in general, offers a new approach to investigate the still elusive molecular links between focal oral infections and human systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via de Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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250
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Long J, Cai Q, Steinwandel M, Hargreaves MK, Bordenstein SR, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Shu XO. Association of oral microbiome with type 2 diabetes risk. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:636-643. [PMID: 28177125 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The oral microbiome may help to maintain systemic health, including how it affects blood glucose levels; however, direct evidence linking the oral microbiome with diabetes is lacking. MATERIAL AND METHODS We compared the oral microbiome profiles of 98 participants with incident diabetes, 99 obese non-diabetics and 97 normal weight non-diabetics, via deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS We found that the phylum Actinobacteria was present significantly less abundant among patients with diabetes than among the controls (p = 3.9 × 10-3 ); the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.27 (0.11-0.66) for those individuals who had relative abundance higher than the median value. Within this phylum, five families and seven genera were observed, and most of them were less abundant among patients with diabetes. Notably, genera Actinomyces and Atopobium were associated with 66% and 72% decreased risk of diabetes with p-values of 8.9 × 10-3 and 7.4 × 10-3 , respectively. Stratified analyses by race showed that most taxa in this phylum were associated with diabetes in both black and white participants. This phylum was also less abundant among non-diabetic obese subjects compared to normal weight individuals, particularly genera Mobiluncus, Corynebacterium and Bifidobacterium, which showed p < 0.05. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that multiple bacteria taxa in the phylum Actinobacteria are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Some are also associated with the prevalence of obesity, suggesting that the oral microbiome may play an important role in diabetes etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Q Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Steinwandel
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M K Hargreaves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S R Bordenstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W J Blot
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - X O Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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