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Research progress on the analysis of active ingredients and elements in Fritillaria ussuriensis Bulbus. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Blandin L, Tolmer E, Hermet E, Ravinet A, Brebion A, Lemal R, Rouzaire P. COVID-19 systematic screening of asymptomatic haematopoietic stem cell donors: Less if often more. EJHAEM 2022; 3:JHA2556. [PMID: 36248619 PMCID: PMC9538191 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
From COVID pandemic spread until now, many HSCT unrelated donor registries recommend as a precaution a systematic COVID-19 testing for all donors during the precollection time. Literature is quite poor to support this systematic attitude. We report one sibling allogeneic HSCT which we proceeded despite a positive COVID test on related asymptomatic donor and summarize the all seven cases reported until now. We suggest to question this systematic COVID testing, two years after pandemic began, when there is no systematic testing on other blood products received during all the haematological malignancies treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Blandin
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics LaboratoryClermont‐Ferrand University HospitalClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Elise Tolmer
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics LaboratoryClermont‐Ferrand University HospitalClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Eric Hermet
- Cellular Therapy and Clinical Haematology DepartmentClermont‐Ferrand University HospitalClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Aurélie Ravinet
- Cellular Therapy and Clinical Haematology DepartmentClermont‐Ferrand University HospitalClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Amélie Brebion
- Virology LaboratoryClermont‐Ferrand University HospitalClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Richard Lemal
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics LaboratoryClermont‐Ferrand University HospitalClermont‐FerrandFrance
- EA7453 CHELTERClermont‐Auvergne UniversityClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Paul Rouzaire
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics LaboratoryClermont‐Ferrand University HospitalClermont‐FerrandFrance
- EA7453 CHELTERClermont‐Auvergne UniversityClermont‐FerrandFrance
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203
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Thakkar J, Jeria S, Thakkar A. A Review of Corneal Transplantation: An Insight on the Overall Global Post-COVID-19 Impact. Cureus 2022; 14:e29160. [PMID: 36258928 PMCID: PMC9563971 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic made us reframe a lot of the strategies followed in medical practice and ophthalmological services and procedures were also not spared, including corneal transplantation or keratoplasty, the most routine procedure performed worldwide. The prevalence of viral presence in the ocular tissue necessitates a focus on the handling of donor ocular tissue and the functioning of eye banks, ensuring it doesn't risk the patient and the doctor's safety. Restrictions in the movement of people during the pandemic limited the number of donations, causing a shortage of tissues, with a large number of people already waitlisted for tissue needs. The lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic directs us to look for long-term corneal storage techniques taking into consideration the tissue viability time and the possibility of post-pandemic shortages. Although there is not a significant number of reports, the cases of corneal graft rejection post-vaccination against COVID-19 are highlighted and thus should form a part of the lookout while evaluating the possible cause of rejection of grafts. This article summarises the overall impact of the pandemic on corneal transplantation and the possible future of storage techniques, which need to evolve and be adapted.
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Low ZY, Zabidi NZ, Yip AJW, Puniyamurti A, Chow VTK, Lal SK. SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091991. [PMID: 36146796 PMCID: PMC9506350 DOI: 10.3390/v14091991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented global crisis and continues to threaten public health. The etiological agent of this devastating pandemic outbreak is the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is characterized by delayed immune responses, followed by exaggerated inflammatory responses. It is well-established that the interferon (IFN) and JAK/STAT signaling pathways constitute the first line of defense against viral and bacterial infections. To achieve viral replication, numerous viruses are able to antagonize or hijack these signaling pathways to attain productive infection, including SARS-CoV-2. Multiple studies document the roles of several non-structural proteins (NSPs) of SARS-CoV-2 that facilitate the establishment of viral replication in host cells via immune escape. In this review, we summarize and highlight the functions and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 NSPs that confer host immune evasion. The molecular mechanisms mediating immune evasion and the related potential therapeutic strategies for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nur Zawanah Zabidi
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ashley Jia Wen Yip
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ashwini Puniyamurti
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Vincent T. K. Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Correspondence: (V.T.K.C.); (S.K.L.)
| | - Sunil K. Lal
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (V.T.K.C.); (S.K.L.)
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Alshrefy AJ, Alwohaibi RN, Alhazzaa SA, Almaimoni RA, AlMusailet LI, AlQahtani SY, Alshahrani MS. Incidence of Bacterial and Fungal Secondary Infections in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the ICU. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7475-7485. [PMID: 36187162 PMCID: PMC9518678 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s382687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Secondary infections have been observed among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, which is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The current study aimed to investigate the incidence, common pathogens, and outcome of bacterial and fungal secondary infections among ICU patients with COVID-19. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients admitted to the ICU at King Fahd Hospital of the University in Saudi Arabia. All adult patients aged ≥18 admitted in the ICU for ≥48 hours with positive COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test during the period between March 2020 till September 2021 were included. Results Out of 314 critically ill patients, 133 (42.4%) developed secondary infections. The incidence of secondary bacterial infection was 32.5% with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 34), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 33), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 17) being the predominant pathogens, while secondary fungal infection was 25.2% mainly caused by Candida albicans (n = 43). Invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with the development of secondary bacterial infections (odds ratio [OR] = 17.702, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.842–39.961, p < 0.001) and secondary fungal infections (OR = 12.914, 95% CI 5.406–30.849, p < 0.001). Mortality among patients with secondary infections was 69.2% (n = 92). Secondary infections were associated with longer hospital and ICU stays with a median of 25 days (interquartile range [IQR] 17–42) and 19 days (IQR 13–32), respectively. Conclusion Bacterial and fungal secondary infections are common among COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU with a predominance of gram-negative bacteria and Candida species. The development of secondary infections was significantly associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. Poor clinical outcomes have been observed, demonstrated with a prolonged hospital and ICU stays and higher mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan J Alshrefy
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaa N Alwohaibi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad A Alhazzaa
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A Almaimoni
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah I AlMusailet
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaya Y AlQahtani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alshahrani
- Emergency and Critical Care Departments, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Mohammed S Alshahrani, Emergency and Critical Care Departments, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Khobar, Eastern Province, 34219, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966556966663, Fax +966138966770, Email
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Finch J, Gurumurthy T, Shrestha R, Ledingham L, Vu T, Mohajeri A, Freitas CMT, Patil S, Awan KH. COVID-19: Ramifications and Effects on University Healthcare Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:866-871. [PMID: 37282991 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was carefully designed to analyze the perceived psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Roseman dental students. Students assessed their perceived changes in stress, self-esteem, and lifestyle behavior changes based on the impact of the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A self-designed, anonymous, 18-item questionnaire was administered to Roseman dental students after being approved by the Institutional Review Board. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized for comparison of psychological factors toward gender, as well as year of study. Chi-square correlations between stress and self-esteem, as well as lifestyle behavior, were also reported. RESULTS In total, 313 students with a mean age of 28.15 (SD:4.21) completed the survey. Statistically significant differences were shown between students based upon age and year of study, with regard to stress and lifestyle behavior changes. Cross-tabulations of stress with self-esteem and lifestyle behavior changes showed positive relationships, as students with higher levels of stress showed significant self-esteem problems and lifestyle behavior changes. The largest frequency of stress/anxiety and lifestyle behavioral changes was found in the age range of 25-34 years old, particularly in the Class of 2024 and 2025. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a significant psychological impact on dental students at Roseman. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-lasting impacts of the pandemic on University healthcare students as a whole. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The pandemic has not only affected the way in which dental students progress academically but also as healthcare providers now and into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Finch
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Tapasya Gurumurthy
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Reeya Shrestha
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Landon Ledingham
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Teresa Vu
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Amir Mohajeri
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Claudia M Tellez Freitas
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kamran H Awan
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, United States of America, Phone +1 8018781099, e-mail:
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Uranga A, Urrechaga E, Aguirre U, Intxausti M, Ruiz-Martinez C, Goicoechea MJLD, Ponga C, Quintana JM, Sancho C, Sanz P, España PP, Uranga A, Artaraz A, Ballaz A, Dorado S, Pascual S, Aguirre U, Quintana JM, Villanueva A, Mar C, Ponga C, Arriaga I, Intxausti M, Fernandez D, Benito I, Ruiz-Martinez C, Ugeda J, Sanz P, Bernardo I, España PP. Utility of Differential White Cell Count and Cell Population Data for Ruling Out COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58:802-808. [PMID: 36243636 PMCID: PMC9489980 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main aim of this study was to assess the utility of differential white cell count and cell population data (CPD) for the detection of COVID-19 in patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) of different etiologies. METHODS This was a multicenter, observational, prospective study of adults aged ≥18 years admitted to three teaching hospitals in Spain from November 2019 to November 2021 with a diagnosis of CAP. At baseline, a Sysmex XN-20 analyzer was used to obtain detailed information related to the activation status and functional activity of white cells. RESULTS The sample was split into derivation and validation cohorts of 1065 and 717 patients, respectively. In the derivation cohort, COVID-19 was confirmed in 791 patients and ruled out in 274 patients, with mean ages of 62.13 (14.37) and 65.42 (16.62) years, respectively (p<0.001). There were significant differences in all CPD parameters except MO-Y. The multivariate prediction model showed that lower NE-X, NE-WY, LY-Z, LY-WY, MO-WX, MO-WY, and MO-Z values and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were related to COVID-19 etiology with an AUC of 0.819 (0.790, 0.846). No significant differences were found comparing this model to another including biomarkers (p=0.18). CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in white blood cell morphology based on a few cell population data values as well as NLR were able to accurately identify COVID-19 etiology. Moreover, systemic inflammation biomarkers currently used were unable to improve the predictive ability. We conclude that new peripheral blood biomarkers can help determine the etiology of CAP fast and inexpensively.
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Low risk of environmental contagion by SARS-CoV-2 in non-sanitary spaces. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 41:235-237. [PMID: 36167639 PMCID: PMC9482839 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces (high, medium and low contact) and airs in non-sanitary spaces with high public influx to evaluate the risk of environmental contagion. Methods Surfaces and airs were analysed by RT-qPCR to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Results 394 surfaces and air samples were obtained from spaces with high public influx such as offices, shopping centres and nursing homes. The virus was not detected in any of the samples analysed. Conclusion Although we cannot emphatically conclude that there is no risk of environmental 27 infection by SARS-CoV-2 in non-sanitary spaces, we can affirm that the risk is almost non- existent.
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Yu W, Guo Y, Zhang S, Kong Y, Shen Z, Zhang J. Proportion of asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A systematic review and analysis. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5790-5801. [PMID: 35961786 PMCID: PMC9538850 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant seemed to cause milder disease compared to previous predominated variants. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the pooled proportion of nonsevere disease and asymptomatic infection among COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron and Delta. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. We included studies of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection from November 1, 2021, to April 18, 2022, and studies of Delta infection from October 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022. Studies without corresponding data, with less than 50 patients, or obviously biased concerning main outcome were excluded. Meta-analysis was performed in R 4.2.0 with the "meta" package. Subgroup analyses were conducted by study group and vaccination status. The pooled proportion of asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease with Omicron were 25.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.0%-38.2%) and 97.9% (95% CI 97.1%-98.7%), significantly higher than those of Delta with 8.4% (95% CI 4.4%-16.2%) and 91.4% (95% CI 87.0%-96.0%). During Omicron wave, children and adolescents had higher proportion of asymptomatic infection, SOTR and the elderly had lower proportion of nonsevere disease, vaccination of a booster dose contributed to higher proportion of both asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease. This study estimates the pooled proportion of asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron compared to other predominant variants. The result has important implications for future policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weien Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yifei Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shenyan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yide Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhongliang Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing' An Branch of Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing' An Branch of Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Jainonthee C, Dang-Xuan S, Nguyen-Viet H, Unger F, Chaisowwong W. Impacts of the Pandemic, Animal Source Food Retailers' and Consumers' Knowledge and Attitudes toward COVID-19, and Their Food Safety Practices in Chiang Mai, Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10187. [PMID: 36011819 PMCID: PMC9408671 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the food supply chain, retailers, and consumers owing to infection awareness. This study evaluated the impacts COVID-19 on ASF retailers' businesses and consumers' livelihoods, as well as their knowledge toward the disease, attitudes, and food safety practices to prevent infections. The study includes a cross-sectional component that was conducted in urban/peri-urban (U/PU) and rural areas in Chiang Mai province. In another part of the study, a structured questionnaire was developed for animal source food (ASF) retailers and consumers, with three primary parts for data analysis: general information, COVID-19 impacts, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) assessment. Data corresponding to three periods of interest (before the COVID-19 outbreak, during partial lockdown, and present) were gathered and analyzed. In this study, 155 retailers and 150 consumers participated, of which the majority of the respondents were female (70.3% and 82.7%, respectively) with average ages of 47.4 and 44.9 years, respectively. The most noticeable effect of COVID-19 was a decline in income for retailers and consumers. The KAP scores of consumers in both areas were not significantly different, whereas the retailer attitudes toward COVID-19 prevention and food safety practices scored more highly in rural areas than in U/PU. During the partial lockdown, food safety practices significantly improved relative to the time preceding the outbreak, and these practices have remained constant to the present day. The results revealed that gender, age group, business type, and type of ASF retailers were associated with the KAP of the retailers, whereas gender, age group, education, number of family members, and occupation were associated with the KAP of the consumers. Our findings provide in-depth information about the effects of COVID-19 on ASF retailers and consumers, as well as their KAP regarding the outbreak and food safety, which may serve as support in developing policies for improved health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalita Jainonthee
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Fred Unger
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Warangkhana Chaisowwong
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Gao MZ, Chou YH, Chang YZ, Pai JY, Bair H, Pai S, Yu NC. Designing Mobile Epidemic Prevention Medical Stations for the COVID-19 Pandemic and International Medical Aid. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169959. [PMID: 36011595 PMCID: PMC9407823 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The demand for mobile epidemic prevention medical stations originated from the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to reduce the infection risk of medical practitioners and provide flexible medical facilities in response to the variable needs of the pandemic, this research aimed to design mobile medical stations for COVID-19 epidemic prevention, the emergence of which began in February 2020. The mobile medical stations include a negative pressure isolation ward, a positive pressure swabbing station, a fever clinic and a laboratory. In Taiwan, many medical institutions used the mobile swabbing station design of this study to practice COVID-19 screening pre-tests. Internationally, this study assisted Palau in setting up medical stations to provide anti-epidemic goods and materials. The design of this study not only provides a highly flexible and safe medical environment but the benefits of screening can also be used as resources for medical research, forming an economic circulation for operation sustainability. In addition, the design of this study can also be used during the non-epidemic period as a healthcare station for rural areas or as a long-term community medical station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Zuo Gao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiang Chou
- Radiotherapy, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Zin Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jar-Yuan Pai
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40202, Taiwan
| | - Henry Bair
- Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon Pai
- Department of Health Science, University of Washington, 4218 Roosevelt Way, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Nai-Chi Yu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40202, Taiwan
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Mohammed A, Kalle AM, Reddanna P. Managing SARS-CoV2 Infections Through Resolution of Inflammation by Eicosanoids: A Review. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4349-4358. [PMID: 35937919 PMCID: PMC9346295 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s355568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Corona Virus Disease is characterized by angiocentric inflammation of lungs and cytokine storm leading to potentially fatal multiple organ failure. Several studies have shown the high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicative of a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Eicosanoids play an important role in the induction of inflammation and cytokine production, while anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties of some eicosanoic acid derivatives enable inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis through the resolution of inflammation by aiding the clearance of cell debris and downregulation of pro-inflammatory stimulants. This review attempts to provide an overall insight on the eicosanoids synthesis and their role in the resolution of inflammation in the context of Corona Virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Mohammed
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Liu Q, Lin B, Zhu C, Hu J. Emergency hospitalization caused by non-COVID-19 respiratory diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective observational cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:929353. [PMID: 35991670 PMCID: PMC9385983 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.929353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as well as the subsequent prevention and control measures is like a quasi-experiment intervention that might have changed the features of emergency hospitalizations. Mortality is high in patient hospitalization due to emergency respiratory diseases (ERD). Therefore, we compared the characteristics of these patients before and during the pandemic. Exploring this issue might contribute to decision-making of emergency management when most of the resources and attention has been devoted to combat COVID-19. Methods This study was a retrospective observational cohort study. All emergency hospitalizations due to ERD from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 in a tertiary hospital in China were included. Data including patients’ age, sex, and clinical outcomes were extracted. Air quality was collected from the official online platform. Clinical characteristics were compared and odds ratios were calculated. Results The ERD hospitalization rate was lower in 2020 than in 2019 (6.4 vs. 4.3%, χ2 = 55.449, P = 0.000) with a 50.65% reduction; however, the patients were older in 2020 than in 2019 (P = 0.000) with a higher proportion of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (46 vs. 33.5%, χ2 = 20.423, P = 0.000) and a longer ICU stay (P = 0.000). The overall intubation rate, hospital mortality, and rate of discharge due to ineffective treatment in 2020 were higher than those in 2019 (15.6 vs. 8%, χ2 = 18.578, P = 0.000; 4.2 vs. 1.1%, χ2 = 4.122, P = 0.000; 5.5 vs. 2.4%, χ2 = 8.93, P = 0.000, respectively). The logistic regression analysis indicated hospitalizations due to ERD were mainly associated with PM2.5 and sulfur dioxide on the day, and on the 4th and 5th days before admission (P = 0.034 and 0.020, 0.021 and 0.000, 0.028, and 0.027, respectively) in 2019. However, in 2020, the relationship between parameters of air quality and hospitalization changed. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the characteristics of emergency hospitalization due to ERD with a larger proportion of severe patients and poorer prognosis. The effect of air quality on emergencies were weakened. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to pay more attention to the non-COVID-19 emergency patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Liu,
| | - Bingcao Lin
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changju Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Clinical Evaluation, Henan Medical Association, Zhengzhou, China
- Jianping Hu,
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Diseases and Human Well-Being. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154489. [PMID: 35956106 PMCID: PMC9369330 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This editorial of the Special Issue “Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Global Diseases and Human Well-Being” aims to portray the repercussions of the novel COVID-19 emergency on a wide range of health issues [...]
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Association between Social Engagements and Stigmatization of COVID-19 Infection among Community Population in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159050. [PMID: 35897433 PMCID: PMC9329772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the face of unknown risks, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we tend to have stigmatized perceptions. The current study aimed to examine the association of social engagements with the level of stigmatization of COVID-19 infection among the general population. The data of 429 participants of the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seroprevalence neighborhood association (U-CORONA) study, a population-based cohort study conducted in Utsunomiya City, Japan, were analyzed. Their stigmatized perception of people with COVID-19 infection was evaluated via a questionnaire for the situation if they or others in their community were to get infected. The association between social engagements (community social capital, social network diversity, and social network size) and stigmatization were analyzed by a multiple linear regression model with generalized estimating equations. Overall, females reported a higher stigmatized perception of people with COVID-19 than males. Lower education and depressive symptoms were also positively associated with higher stigmatization, while age, household income, and comorbidities were not. People with higher community social capital reported lower stigmatization (B = −0.69, 95% CI = −1.23 to −0.16), while social network diversity and social network size did not show an association with stigmatization. We found an association between community social capital and stigmatization, suggesting that enhancing their community social capital, but not social network diversity and size, has the potential to mitigate the levels of stigmatization.
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216
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Hazan S. Microbiome-Based Hypothesis on Ivermectin's Mechanism in COVID-19: Ivermectin Feeds Bifidobacteria to Boost Immunity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952321. [PMID: 35898916 PMCID: PMC9309549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic agent that has gained attention as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic. It is a compound of the type Avermectin, which is a fermented by-product of Streptomyces avermitilis. Bifidobacterium is a member of the same phylum as Streptomyces spp., suggesting it may have a symbiotic relation with Streptomyces. Decreased Bifidobacterium levels are observed in COVID-19 susceptibility states, including old age, autoimmune disorder, and obesity. We hypothesize that Ivermectin, as a by-product of Streptomyces fermentation, is capable of feeding Bifidobacterium, thereby possibly preventing against COVID-19 susceptibilities. Moreover, Bifidobacterium may be capable of boosting natural immunity, offering more direct COVID-19 protection. These data concord with our study, as well as others, that show Ivermectin protects against COVID-19.
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Yin J, Yuan N, Huang Z, Hu Z, Bao Q, Shao Z, Mei Q, Xu Y, Wang W, Liu D, Zhao L, Wan S. Assessment of hypokalemia and clinical prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 in Yangzhou, China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271132. [PMID: 35802669 PMCID: PMC9269409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypokalemia is a frequent electrolyte imbalance in patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between hypokalemia and clinical prognosis in patients with moderate COVID-19. Methods A single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted on 81 non-ICU admitted patients with moderate COVID-19 according to the criteria issued by the Chinese Health Bureau in the Third People’s Hospital of Yangzhou (Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital New District Branch) from 4th to 25th August 2021. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were reviewed and collected, then the correlation between hypokalemia and prognosis was determined. Results The level of serum potassium of patients ranged from 2.80 mmol/L to 4.70 mmol/L. Hypokalemia was detected in 39 out of the 81 included patients (48.15%) during hospitalization. Patients with hypokalemia had prolonged days of negative nucleic acid conversion and hospital stay. Correlation analysis showed that the level of serum potassium was negatively correlated with days of negative nucleic acid conversion and length of hospital stay. Bivariate logistic regression analysis proved that hypokalemia was a risk factor for prolonged hospital stay in patients with moderate COVID-19. Conclusion Hypokalemia was prevalent in patients with moderate COVID-19 in Yangzhou, China. Hypokalemia was associated with the prolonged hospital stay in patients with moderate COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nana Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People’s Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenkui Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanlei Bao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenli Shao
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Mei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People’s Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dadong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SW); (LZ)
| | - Shengxia Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SW); (LZ)
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3 a edizione Giornate della ricerca scientifica e delle esperienze professionali dei giovani: Società Italiana di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e Sanità Pubblica (SItI) 25-26 marzo 2022. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E1-E57. [PMID: 36017074 PMCID: PMC9364697 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.1s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Khedhiri S. A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in North Africa. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2022GH000630. [PMID: 35783234 PMCID: PMC9243131 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial panel-data models are estimated to identify the factors of the prevalence of the coronavirus outbreak in North Africa. Using daily data on the number of cases collected between March 2020 and December 2021, three types of general models are investigated, and they include spatial spillovers between the neighboring countries of the region. In one model the spatial dependence is accounted for by adding a spatial lag of the dependent variable (SAR model). In an alternative specification, spatially correlated error terms are considered in the model (SEM), and in the third model a spatial lag dependent variable and spatially correlated errors are both added (SAC). To deal with unobservable individual heterogeneity, random and fixed individual effects specification are investigated in each of these models. The results of the maximum likelihood and generalized method of moments' estimations show that the lift of travel restrictions had an important impact on the spike in the numbers of COVID-19 cases in North Africa and that the effects of endogenous interactions between the countries are strongly significant. It is found that spatial spillovers and a change in the travel policy are the main factors that can explain the mechanism of spread the coronavirus pandemic in North Africa. However, more data on socio-demographic and behavioral variables and on vaccination rates are needed to better understand what caused the recent surge in the number of infections in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Khedhiri
- School of Mathematical and Computational SciencesUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPECanada
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220
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Jiang Y, Yan Q, Liu CX, Peng CW, Zheng WJ, Zhuang HF, Huang HT, Liu Q, Liao HL, Zhan SF, Liu XH, Huang XF. Insights into potential mechanisms of asthma patients with COVID-19: A study based on the gene expression profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105601. [PMID: 35751199 PMCID: PMC9117163 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a major challenge threatening the global healthcare system. Respiratory virus infection is the most common cause of asthma attacks, and thus COVID-19 may contribute to an increase in asthma exacerbations. However, the mechanisms of COVID-19/asthma comorbidity remain unclear. Methods The “Limma” package or “DESeq2” package was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Alveolar lavage fluid datasets of COVID-19 and asthma were obtained from the GEO and GSV database. A series of analyses of common host factors for COVID-19 and asthma were conducted, including PPI network construction, module analysis, enrichment analysis, inference of the upstream pathway activity of host factors, tissue-specific analysis and drug candidate prediction. Finally, the key host factors were verified in the GSE152418 and GSE164805 datasets. Results 192 overlapping host factors were obtained by analyzing the intersection of asthma and COVID-19. FN1, UBA52, EEF1A1, ITGB1, XPO1, NPM1, EGR1, EIF4E, SRSF1, CCR5, PXN, IRF8 and DDX5 as host factors were tightly connected in the PPI network. Module analysis identified five modules with different biological functions and pathways. According to the degree values ranking in the PPI network, EEF1A1, EGR1, UBA52, DDX5 and IRF8 were considered as the key cohost factors for COVID-19 and asthma. The H2O2, VEGF, IL-1 and Wnt signaling pathways had the strongest activities in the upstream pathways. Tissue-specific enrichment analysis revealed the different expression levels of the five critical host factors. LY294002, wortmannin, PD98059 and heparin might have great potential to evolve into therapeutic drugs for COVID-19 and asthma comorbidity. Finally, the validation dataset confirmed that the expression of five key host factors were statistically significant among COVID-19 groups with different severity and healthy control subjects. Conclusions This study constructed a network of common host factors between asthma and COVID-19 and predicted several drugs with therapeutic potential. Therefore, this study is likely to provide a reference for the management and treatment for COVID-19/asthma comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China.
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Cheng-Xin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Chen-Wen Peng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wen-Jiang Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hong-Fa Zhuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hui-Ting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hui-Li Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Shao-Feng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xiu-Fang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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Kvolik Pavić A, Zubčić V. Osteomyelitis of the Jaw in COVID-19 Patients: A Rare Condition With a High Risk for Severe Complications. Front Surg 2022; 9:867088. [PMID: 35846973 PMCID: PMC9283791 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.867088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis of the jaw is an uncommon infection that arises from the flora of the oral cavity or sinuses and affects immunocompromised and polymorbid patients. Treatment includes surgical debridement and long regiments of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We present three cases of complicated jaw osteomyelitis presented with concurrent COVID-19 infection, including only two reported cases of odontogenic COVID-related osteomyelitis. The two mandibular cases were patients in their 30s with no comorbidities. The first case was an asymptomatic COVID-19-positive patient who developed an odontogenic infection after tooth extraction that was complicated by the second bout of abscess formation and localized osteomyelitis. The second case was a COVID-19-positive patient with an odontogenic infection that presented as airway compromise due to trismus and neck edema, which required an emergency tracheotomy. He developed osteomyelitis of the mandibular ramus that was reconstructed with a titanium plate. The third case was a polymorbid post-COVID-19 patient who developed a protracted infection of the maxillary sinus that resulted in the loss of an eye, destruction of the maxilla, palate, and parts of nasal cavum, and oronasal incontinence. The defect was reconstructed with a microvascular anterolateral thigh flap. We hypothesize that COVID-19-related immune dysfunction and microvascular changes contributed to osteomyelitis in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kvolik Pavić
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: Ana Kvolik Pavić
| | - Vedran Zubčić
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Osijek Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Falconi M, Olds JL, Ramanathan A. Editorial: Interaction of Biomolecules and Bioactive Compounds With the SARS-CoV-2 Proteins: Molecular Simulations for the Fight Against Covid-19. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:950891. [PMID: 35813816 PMCID: PMC9257246 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.950891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mattia Falconi, ; James Leland Olds, ; Arvind Ramanathan,
| | - James Leland Olds
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mattia Falconi, ; James Leland Olds, ; Arvind Ramanathan,
| | - Arvind Ramanathan
- Argonne National Laboratory (DOE), Lemont, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Mattia Falconi, ; James Leland Olds, ; Arvind Ramanathan,
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Yip AJW, Low ZY, Chow VTK, Lal SK. Repurposing Molnupiravir for COVID-19: The Mechanisms of Antiviral Activity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061345. [PMID: 35746815 PMCID: PMC9228778 DOI: 10.3390/v14061345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molnupiravir is a β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine-5'-isopropyl ester (NHC) compound that exerts antiviral activity against various RNA viruses such as influenza, SARS, and Ebola viruses. Thus, the repurposing of Molnupiravir has gained significant attention for combatting infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19. Recently, Molnupiravir was granted authorization for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults. Findings from in vitro experiments, in vivo studies and clinical trials reveal that Molnupiravir is effective against SARS-CoV-2 by inducing viral RNA mutagenesis, thereby giving rise to mutated complementary RNA strands that generate non-functional viruses. To date, the data collectively suggest that Molnupiravir possesses promising antiviral activity as well as favorable prophylactic efficacy, attributed to its effective mutagenic property of disrupting viral replication. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of Molnupiravir and highlights its clinical utility by disabling SARS-CoV-2 replication, thereby ameliorating COVID-19 severity. Despite relatively few short-term adverse effects thus far, further detailed clinical studies and long-term pharmacovigilance are needed in view of its mutagenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Jia Wen Yip
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (A.J.W.Y.); (Z.Y.L.)
| | - Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (A.J.W.Y.); (Z.Y.L.)
| | - Vincent T. K. Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore;
| | - Sunil K. Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (A.J.W.Y.); (Z.Y.L.)
- Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Impact of Physiotherapy on Patients Suffering from COVID-19: An Observational Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 was the turning point of 2020, endangering the health of the entire population around the world. Among other therapeutic methods and supportive measures, physiotherapy represents a useful intervention applied on COVID-19 patients suffering from respiratory symptoms, this being supported by recent literature data. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 45 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (28 men, 17 women, mean age = 65.03, standard deviation = 14.83). They participated for 2 weeks (the required period of hospitalization) to a series of 14 physiotherapy sessions, which included: position changing, respiratory control, passive joint movements, bed workout, and walking exercises. Depending on the status of the patient, two distinct types of physiotherapy were performed (mild and active). The status of the patients was assessed through a basic assessment of the vital signs, range of motion, degree of dyspnea, and also through the UZ Leuven Start To Move protocol (STMP). The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Statistica 10 program and included the Spearman correlations (for measuring the strength and direction of association between the ranked variables), the Mann-Whitney test (for measuring the significance of the differences between the groups of patients who undergone light vs. active physiotherapy) and factor analysis (for assessing the changes of the clinical parameters investigated in the study, depending on the type of applied therapy). All differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results: The majority of patients (n = 38) benefited from physiotherapy, with the complete disappearance of symptoms met only in the group of patients who followed active physiotherapy. These effects depended on the applied type of physiotherapy (mild vs. active, p = 0.47). In contrast, all patients who were unable to perform physiotherapy (n = 7) remained symptomatic at discharge. Conclusion: The results of this study point out the significant additional role of physiotherapy for a better management of COVID-19 patients. More studies are needed to investigate not only the impact that physiotherapy has on the symptoms of this disease, but also its effects on effort capacity, muscle strength and lung capacity.
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225
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COVID-19 in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. Fam Med 2022. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.1-2.2022.260503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on all aspects of human life and can lead to the exacerbation of chronic diseases. At the same time, it is known that a higher risk of infection and a more severe course of coronavirus infection is found in the elderly, as well as in people with serious comorbidities.
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that is often diagnosed in patients with psoriasis. Specific treatment of patients with chronic inflammatory joint disease include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, new biological agents, including monoclonal antibodies to IL-6, IL-1, TNF-a, target disease modifying drugs. Medications used for PsA treatment can potentially have both negative and positive effects on the course of COVID-19.
The objective: to analyze the features of COVID-19 in patients with PsA and to study the comorbid pathology after coronavirus infection.
Materials and methods. The study involved 174 people with a verified diagnosis of PsA. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I included 112 (64.4%) persons who had COVID-19, and group II - 62 (35.6%) who had not had coronavirus infection at the time of first examination.
Patients in group I significantly differed from group II in age (p <0.001) and duration of PsA (p <0.001), showed a significantly higher degree of psoriatic skin lesions and activity of the underlying disease (p = 0.001) compared to patients from group II. The participants of the study underwent examination characterize the course of the psoriatic disease and skin lesions and risk of cardiovascular disease.
Results. To date, there are no clear scientific data that reveal the specific features of COVID-19 infection and the effect of antirheumatic therapy on the development of dangerous complications associated with coronavirus infection in patients with PsA.
The analysis of comorbid pathology has found cardiovascular pathology in 67 (59.8%) of patients, including arterial hypertension – in 58 (51.8%) people, metabolic syndrome – in 34 (30.4%), diseases of the digestive system – in 32 (28.6%) and respiratory system – in 24 (21.4%) of persons.
Conclusions. Patients with higher activity and duration of the PsA were significantly more likely to get COVID-19 and demonstrated higher total cardiovascular risk for the next 10 years.
Further research is needed to study the impact of specific basic rheumatological drugs on the outcomes of COVID-19 and to analyze the broader effects of the pandemic on the course of psoriatic arthritis.
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Yang S, Wang S, Du M, Liu M, Liu Y, He Y. Patients with COVID-19 and HBV Coinfection are at Risk of Poor Prognosis. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1229-1242. [PMID: 35471766 PMCID: PMC9038996 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in the risk of death/critical illness between different stages of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (resolved hepatitis B, HBeAg (−) chronic hepatitis B [CHB]/infection, HBeAg (+) CHB/infection, and HBV reactivation) coinfected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); and if there is a difference, whether it is due to abnormal liver function and to what extent. Methods This cohort study included all COVID-19 inpatients of a single-center tertiary care academic hospital in Wuhan, Hubei, China, between February 4, 2020, and follow-up to April 14, 2020. A total of 2899 patients with COVID-19 were included as participants in this study, and they were divided into five groups based on hepatitis B infection status. Follow-up was conducted for mortality and ICU admission during hospitalization. Results The median follow-up time was 39 days (IQR, 30–50), with 66 deaths and 126 ICU admissions. After adjustment, compared with patients without CHB, the hazard ratio (HR) for ICU admission was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.05–3.31) for patients with HBeAg (+) CHB/infection. The HR for death was 3.19 (95% CI: 1.62–6.25) for patients with HBeAg (+) CHB/infection. The results for the mediating effect indicated that the total effect of HBeAg (+) CHB/infection on death/ICU stay was partially mediated by abnormal liver function, which accounted for 79.60% and 73.53%, respectively. Conclusion Patients with COVID-19 coinfected with HBV at the HBeAg (+) CHB/infection stage have an increased risk of poor prognosis, and abnormal liver function partially mediates this increased risk of poor prognosis caused by the coinfection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-022-00638-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The 1st Medical Center, Beijing, 100853, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, The 2nd Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shengshu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, The 2nd Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Healthcare, Agency for Offices Administration, Central Military Commission, People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Mingmei Du
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The 1st Medical Center, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, The 2nd Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yunxi Liu
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The 1st Medical Center, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yao He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, The 2nd Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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227
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Oral Manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082202. [PMID: 35456297 PMCID: PMC9029624 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the human population by revealing many health problems, including within the oral cavity. This systematic review was designed to answer the question "Is there a relationship between oral manifestations and SARS-CoV-2 infection?". Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty-seven studies were included (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). Based on the meta-analysis, nearly two-thirds of the SARS-CoV-2 positive patients reported oral symptoms, in particular taste alterations, xerostomia and ulcerations (54.73% [95% CI: 46.28-63.04%], 37.58% [95% CI: 26.35-49.53%], and 21.43% [95% CI: 13.17-31.06%], respectively). In conclusion, despite the conducted systematic review, the increased prevalence of oral manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 infection cannot be clearly established due to the possible association of other factors, e.g., individual or environmental factors.
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228
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Mayta-Tovalino F, Quispe-Vicuña C, Cabanillas-Lazo M, Munive-Degregori A, Guerrero ME, Mendoza R. A scientometric analysis of Scholarly output on COVID-19 and Dentistry. Int Dent J 2022; 72:725-730. [PMID: 35595556 PMCID: PMC9113780 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Scientometrics is a discipline that allows the analysis of the characteristics of publications in each field of knowledge using different indicators. The aim of this research was to analyse world scientific publication as to COVID-19 related to dentistry. Methods A specialised search strategy was used to obtain all the documents published in journals indexed in the Scopus database between December 2019 and February 2022. The study variables were exported and analysed in SciVal (Elsevier). Results In all, 2071 documents were retrieved; of those, Oral Diseases has the highest impact with an average of 12.3 citations per publication, and the British Medical Journal was identified as the journal with the highest scientific output (107). India (292) and the UK (287) were the countries with the most published papers. The Universidade de São Paulo in Brazil was the institution with the highest number of published papers (61) and with the highest impact. Conclusions During the pandemic, scientific publications on dentistry and COVID-19 have been increasing considerably. International collaboration has the highest percentage of publications whilst India and the UK are the countries with the highest scientific production.
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229
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Postoperative Cutaneous Manifestations as the First Presentation of COVID-19 Infection or a Postvaccination Sequel. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2022; 10:e4163. [PMID: 35223348 PMCID: PMC8869547 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since its first emergence, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) took the world by surprise, causing more than two million deaths and 100 million infections to date. The virus’s most prevalent clinical symptoms have become well known, yet the rarer symptoms, on the other hand, need to be more widely recognized. Various studies have reflected the possibilities of potential skin lesions being the presenting signs of COVID-19 infection. Acquaintance with the cutaneous presentations of COVID-19 may help in early diagnosis and management of infected patients. Herein we report two cases that presented for plastic surgical interventions in which skin manifestations were the first indicators of COVID-19 infection or postvaccination sequel. The cases were operated upon in different hospitals by different surgical teams.
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230
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Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for COVID-19: status and future perspectives for clinical applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:142. [PMID: 35187617 PMCID: PMC8858603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As a result of cross-species transmission in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a serious endangerment to human health and the causal agent of a global pandemic. Although the number of infected people has decreased due to effective management, novel methods to treat critical COVID-19 patients are still urgently required. This review describes the origins, pathogenesis, and clinical features of COVID-19 and the potential uses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in therapeutic treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients. MSCs have previously been shown to have positive effects in the treatment of lung diseases, such as acute lung injury, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MSC mechanisms of action involve differentiation potentials, immune regulation, secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, migration and homing, anti-apoptotic properties, antiviral effects, and extracellular vesicles. Currently, 74 clinical trials are investigating the use of MSCs (predominately from the umbilical cord, bone marrow, and adipose tissue) to treat COVID-19. Although most of these trials are still in their early stages, the preliminary data are promising. However, long-term safety evaluations are still lacking, and large-scale and controlled trials are required for more conclusive judgments regarding MSC-based therapies. The main challenges and prospective directions for the use of MSCs in clinical applications are discussed herein. In summary, while the clinical use of MSCs to treat COVID-19 is still in the preliminary stages of investigation, promising results indicate that they could potentially be utilized in future treatments.
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231
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[Low risk of environmental contagion by SARS-CoV-2 in non-sanitary spaces]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022; 41:235-237. [PMID: 35153355 PMCID: PMC8824300 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo Estudiar la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en superficies (alto, medio y bajo contacto) y aires de espacios no sanitarios pero de elevada afluencia de público para evaluar el riesgo de contagio ambiental. Método Se ha realizado el análisis de las superficies y de los aires por RT-qPCR para detectar la presencia de SARS-CoV-2. Resultados Se obtuvieron 394 superficies y 23 muestras de aire de espacios de alta afluencia de personas, como oficinas, centros comerciales y residencias de ancianos. El virus no fue detectado en ninguna de las muestras analizadas. Conclusión Aunque no podemos concluir rotundamente que no existe un riesgo de infección ambiental por SARS-CoV-2 en espacios no sanitarios, sí podemos afirmar que el riesgo es casi nulo.
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232
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Parra-Lucares A, Segura P, Rojas V, Pumarino C, Saint-Pierre G, Toro L. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the World: How Could This Happen? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:194. [PMID: 35207482 PMCID: PMC8879166 DOI: 10.3390/life12020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant global impact, with more than 280,000,000 people infected and 5,400,000 deaths. The use of personal protective equipment and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns have reduced infection and death rates worldwide. However, a recent increase in infection rates has been observed associated with the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the more recently described lineage B.1.617.2 (Delta variant) and lineage B.1.1.529/BA.1 (Omicron variant). These new variants put the effectiveness of international vaccination at risk, with the appearance of new outbreaks of COVID-19 throughout the world. This emergence of new variants has been due to multiple predisposing factors, including molecular characteristics of the virus, geographic and environmental conditions, and the impact of social determinants of health that favor the genetic diversification of SARS-CoV-2. We present a literature review on the most recent information available on the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the world. We analyzed the biological, geographical, and sociocultural factors that favor the development of these variants. Finally, we evaluate the surveillance strategies for the early detection of new variants and prevent their distribution outside these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Parra-Lucares
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, 8380456 Santiago, Chile; (A.P.-L.); (V.R.)
| | - Paula Segura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, 8380456 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Verónica Rojas
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, 8380456 Santiago, Chile; (A.P.-L.); (V.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, 8380456 Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Pumarino
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380456 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Gustavo Saint-Pierre
- Microbiology Unit, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, 8380456 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Luis Toro
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, 8380456 Santiago, Chile
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, 8380456 Santiago, Chile
- Critical Care Unit, Clínica Las Condes, 7591047 Santiago, Chile
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233
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Zhang JW, Xiong Y, Wang F, Zhang FM, Yang X, Lin GQ, Tian P, Ge G, Gao D. Discovery of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro inhibitors for treating COVID-19. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114030. [PMID: 34883292 PMCID: PMC8634693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread worldwide and efficacious therapeutics are urgently needed. 3-Chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) is an indispensable protein in viral replication and represents an attractive drug target for fighting COVID-19. Herein, we report the discovery of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives as non-peptidomimetic and non-covalent inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. The structure-activity relationships of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes as SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors have carefully been investigated and discussed in this study. Among all tested 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, C1 and C2 display the most potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibition activity, with IC50 values of 1.55 ± 0.21 μM and 1.81 ± 0.17 μM, respectively. Further enzyme kinetics assays show that these two compounds dose-dependently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLprovia a mixed-inhibition manner. Molecular docking simulations reveal the binding modes of C1 in the dimer interface and substrate-binding pocket of the target. In addition, C1 shows outstanding metabolic stability in the gastrointestinal tract, human plasma, and human liver microsome, suggesting that this agent has the potential to be developed as an orally administrated SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fu-Mao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Dingding Gao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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234
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Bao X, Xu J, Meng Q, Gan J, Wang XD, Wu H, Liu S, Ji Y. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Anxiety, Depression and Nursing Burden of Caregivers in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Mild Cognitive Impairment in China: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:921535. [PMID: 35873235 PMCID: PMC9301460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.921535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many countries have adopted lockdown strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of the pandemic on anxiety, depression and care burden in caregivers of nursing patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), over a one-year period. METHODS We collected data on consecutive patients and their caregivers recruited at T0 (from 30 September to 31 December 2019) before the pandemic of COVID-19 at the memory clinic of Tianjin Huanhu Hospital. The patients and caregivers were followed up on face-to-face at T1 (from 30 September to 31 December 2020) during the pandemic to assess changes in physical activity, social contact, sleep quality, caregiver burden, anxiety and depression. RESULTS A total of 105 AD, 22 DLB and 50 MCI patients and caregivers were enrolled. A total of 36.6 % of the AD, 81.6% of the DLB, 38% of the MCI caregivers had worsening ZBI, whereas 31.7 % of the AD, 54.4% of the DLB, 26 % of the MCI caregivers had worsening GAD-7, and 29.6 % of the AD, 54.4% of the DLB, and 32 % of the MCI caregivers had worsening PHQ-9. DLB caregivers exhibited a rapid deterioration of ZBI (by 4.27 ± 5.43, P < 0.001), GAD-7 (by 2.23 ± 3.26, P = 0.003) and PHQ-9 (by 1.32 ± 2.25, P = 0.003) compared to AD and MCI caregivers. CONCLUSION Social isolation, physical inactivity and sleep disturbance after lockdown for at least 12 months were significantly related to increased caregiver burden and worsened psychological states of caregivers of AD, DLB and MCI sufferers, especially among DLB caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Bao
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Junying Xu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingbo Meng
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghuan Gan
- Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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235
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Mendola M, Leoni M, Cozzi Y, Manzari A, Tonelli F, Metruccio F, Tosti L, Battini V, Cucchi I, Costa MC, Carrer P. Long-term COVID symptoms, work ability and fitness to work in healthcare workers hospitalized for Sars-CoV-2 infection. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2022; 113:e2022040. [PMID: 36282031 PMCID: PMC9632671 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v113i5.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 can affect the persistence of symptoms and work ability (WA), hence the fitness to work of healthcare workers (HCW). We describe the effects of COVID-19 in hospitalized HCWs of a large Hospital in Lombardy and their implications on WA and fitness to work. METHODS Fifty-six HCWs of Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital have been hospitalized for COVID-19 since March 2020. Clinical and fitness-to-work data were acquired from Occupational Health Surveillance Program. A structured questionnaire was administered to 53/56 HCWs 18 months after infection to investigate Long-COVID symptoms and WA. RESULTS Symptoms most reported at recovery (rhino-pharyngeal swab-NPS-negative) were exertional dyspnea (86.8%), asthenia (86.8%), arthro-myalgia (71.7%), sleep disorders (64.2%), resting dyspnea (62.3%), cough (56.6%). 69.6% underwent evaluation at out-patient clinics experienced in Long-COVID. Ten months after recovery, symptoms related to physical well-being decreased while memory and anxiety/depression were more persistent. At recovery, the WA score decreased from 10 to 8, and then an improvement from 8 to 9 was noted during the survey. At the return-to-work examination, fit-to-work judgements with restrictions increased from 31.4% to 58.7%; then, a slight decrease in the rate of judgements with restrictions was observed at the survey's time. CONCLUSION Post-COVID-19 symptoms can persist for a long time and could impact WA and fitness-to-work of HCW. Adequate health surveillance protocols should guarantee the health protection of HCW with persistent disorders after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mendola
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Milan
| | - Marco Leoni
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ylenia Cozzi
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzari
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Tonelli
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Milan
| | - Francesca Metruccio
- International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Milan
| | - Luca Tosti
- International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Milan
| | - Vera Battini
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Cucchi
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Milan
| | | | - Paolo Carrer
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Milan,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Lakshmi H, Anwith H, Mariyam D, Madhusudan M, Chethana R. A study on safety and clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines among adults in South India: A cross-sectional study. APOLLO MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/am.am_92_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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237
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Kim M, Yoo JR, Heo ST, Lee HR, Oh H. Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Severe Disease of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Low Case Fatality Rate Region in Korea. Infect Chemother 2021; 53:718-729. [PMID: 34951535 PMCID: PMC8731247 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jeju island had the seventh highest incidence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but showed the lowest case fatality rate among 17 provinces of Korea, which may be associated with comorbidities and geographic differences. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and evaluate the risk factors for severe COVID-19 in Jeju island, Korea. Materials and Methods All patients with COVID-19 admitted between February 20, 2020, and June 19, 2021, at a single center were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The severity of illness was defined using five categories (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical) according to the National Institute of Health criteria. Then, patients with severe and critical illness were grouped into a severe group, whereas patients with asymptomatic, mild, and moderate illness were grouped into a non-severe group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using risk factors that were found to be significantly associated with the severe group. Results This study included 348 patients with a median age was 57 years, and 37.5% were aged 60 or older. Among them, 43.4% were male and 10.9% were asymptomatic, whereas 41.4%, 33.9%, 12.9%, and 1.1% had mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness. The all-cause mortality of patients with COVID-19 was 0.28% (1/348). Among confirmed patients with COVID-19, exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was mainly within Jeju island (75.9%). The mean body mass index was 24.09 ± 4.04 kg/m2, the median comorbidity index score was low in each group (0 in asymptomatic; 1 in mild; 1 in moderate; 1 in severe; and 2 in critical group, P <0.548). In the multivariable analysis, male sex [odds ratio (OR), 6.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.69 – 15.13; P <0.001], ≥65 years of age (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.18 – 6.10; P <0.019), chronic pulmonary disease (OR, 6.10; 95% CI, 1.40 – 26.61; P = 0.016), and length of fever duration (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19 – 1.49; P <0.001) were independently associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusion The most relevant risk factors of COVID-19 severity were male sex, older age, underlying chronic lung diseases, and duration of fever during hospitalization. The risk factors for severe COVID-19 were not significantly different from those reported in other studies. However, a lower proportion of the older population among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases might contribute to the lower fatality rate than the national rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Departement of Infectious Control Unit, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Departement of Infectious Control Unit, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Departement of Infectious Control Unit, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.
| | - Hyang Ran Lee
- Departement of Infectious Control Unit, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Departement of Infectious Control Unit, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
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Herd immunity to SARS-COV-2 in the population of the Southern regions of the Far East of Russia. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.5.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim: to study the structure and dynamics of population immunity to SARSCoV-2 of the population of the Southern Regions of the Far East (SRFE): Khabarovsk, Primorsky Krai and Amur Region during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020.Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to the program for assessing population immunity to SARS -CoV-2 of the population of the Russian Federation according to the methodology developed by the Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. The selection of participants was carried out by a questionnaire method using cloud technologies. The volunteers were randomized by age by stratification into 7 age groups: 1–17, 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70+ years old. Territorial randomization consisted in limiting the engaging of volunteers – no more than 30 people from one enterprise. After the initial cross-sectional study, a 3-stage seromonitoring was carried out, in which the same volunteers participated. Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid were determined in peripheral blood serum by the enzyme immunoassay using an appropriate set of reagents produced by the State Scientific Center for Medical and Biological Sciences of the Rospotrebnadzor (Obolensk). Statistical analysis was performed using the Excel package. The confidence interval for the proportion was calculated using the A. Wald, J. Wolfowitz method with A. Agresti, B.A. Coull’s correction. The statistical significance of the differences was calculated online using a specialized calculator. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed with a probability of p˂ 0.05, unless otherwise indicated.Results. In a comparative analysis, the highest morbidity was observed in the Khabarovsk Territory, the lowest – in the Primorsky Territory. The level of seroprevalence among the population of the region was 19.6 % (95 % CI: 18.2–21.1) in the Khabarovsk Territory, 19.6 % (95 % CI: 18.1–21.2) in the Primorsky Territory19,6 % and 45,5 % (95 % CI: 43.7–47.3) in the Amur region. The highest seroprevalence was noted among 1–17 years old children, mainly due to the subgroup of 14–17-years-olds. The smallest proportion of seropositive was found among 40–49-year-olds in the Khabarovsk Territory (14.7 %, 95 % CI: 11.2–18.6), 18–28-yearolds in the Primorsky Territory (13.3 %, 95 % CI: 10.0–17.1) and 30–39-year-olds in the Amur Region (36.3 %, 95% CI: 31.7–41.6). No statistically significant dependence of seroprevalence on territorial and occupational factors has been established, with the exception of an increase in the proportion of seropositive medical workers in Primorsky Territory. In the process of 3-stage seromonitoring, a regular increase in the proportion of seropositive people was revealed in all SRFE. The resulting tendency is correctly described by a second-order polynomial. A relationship was revealed between the number of convalescents and persons in contact with them, which made it possible to calculate the base reproductive number (R0) in the range from 1.4 (Primorsky Territory) to 2.4 (Amur Region). Analysis of seroprevalent volunteers showed that the number of asymptomatic individuals varied from 94.1 % (95 % CI: 92.8–95.3) to 98.3 % (95 % CI: 98.8–99.2). This indicates that most of the volunteers had COVID-19 asymptomatically.Conclusions. A comparative study showed the prevalence of seroprevalence in the Amur Region compared with the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. The relationship between the number of convalescents and persons in contact with them was noted. The value of the base R0 is calculated. It has been shown that more than 90 % of seropositive individuals in the COVID-10 SRFE were asymptomatic.
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You J, Fu Z, Zou L. Mechanism and Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:761338. [PMID: 34764947 PMCID: PMC8576143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.761338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane vesicles secreted by cells. EVs serve as a mediator for cell-to-cell communication by regulating the exchange of genetic materials and proteins between the donor and surrounding cells. Current studies have explored the therapeutic value of mesenchymal stem cells-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) for the treatment of infectious diseases extensively. MSC-EVs can eliminate the pathogen, regulate immunity, and repair tissue injury in contagious diseases through the secretion of antimicrobial factors, inhibiting the replication of pathogens and activating the phagocytic function of macrophages. MSC-EVs can also repair tissue damage associated with the infection by upregulating the levels of anti-inflammatory factors, downregulating the pro-inflammatory factors, and participating in the regulation of cellular biological behaviors. The purpose of this mini-review is to discuss in detail the various mechanisms of MSC-EV treatment for infectious diseases including respiratory infections, sepsis, and intestinal infections, as well as challenges for implementing MSC-EVs from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi You
- Department of Respiratory Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, China.,Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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240
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Shen X, Wang J, Li J, He A, Liu H, Ma X. Field Validation of a Rapid Recombinase Aided Amplification Assay for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at Customs - Zhejiang Province, China, January 2021. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:973-976. [PMID: 34804630 PMCID: PMC8598545 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The best approach to preventing the importation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is enhancing the detection capacity at customs. The rapid detection is of utmost importance and therefore highly demanded. Methods We conducted a field validation study of a duplex real-time reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay in Zhoushan and Hangzhou customs, in Zhejiang Province, China. The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay kit routinely used at customs was used in parallel, and the duration the two methods took to complete a specific number of samples was compared. Results Among 506 samples collected, RT-RAA results were consistent with the RT-PCR results. The sensitivity and specificity were 100%, the total coincidence rate was 100%, and the Kappa value was 1 (P<0.05) for both methods. The RT-RAA kit took a significantly shorter time in testing the 20-200 samples than the RT-PCR kit. Discussion The RT-RAA detection method is more efficient and suitable for use at customs than RT-PCR assay to realize rapid customs clearance of 200 or fewer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Shen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Anna He
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejun Ma
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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241
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Bartelink IH, Bet PM, Widmer N, Guidi M, Duijvelaar E, Grob B, Honeywell R, Evelo A, Tielbeek IPE, Snape SD, Hamer H, Decosterd LA, Jan Bogaard H, Aman J, Swart EL. Elevated acute phase proteins affect pharmacokinetics in COVID-19 trials: Lessons from the CounterCOVID - imatinib study. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 10:1497-1511. [PMID: 34608769 PMCID: PMC8646516 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether published pharmacokinetic (PK) models can adequately predict the PK profile of imatinib in a new indication, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Total (bound + unbound) and unbound imatinib plasma concentrations obtained from 134 patients with COVID‐19 participating in the CounterCovid study and from an historical dataset of 20 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and 85 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were compared. Total imatinib area under the concentration time curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax) and trough concentration (Ctrough) were 2.32‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–3.29), 2.31‐fold (95% CI 1.33–3.29), and 2.32‐fold (95% CI 1.11–3.53) lower, respectively, for patients with CML/GIST compared with patients with COVID‐19, whereas unbound concentrations were comparable among groups. Inclusion of alpha1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations measured in patients with COVID‐19 into a previously published model developed to predict free imatinib concentrations in patients with GIST using total imatinib and plasma AAG concentration measurements (AAG‐PK‐Model) gave an estimated mean (SD) prediction error (PE) of −20% (31%) for total and −7.0% (56%) for unbound concentrations. Further covariate modeling with this combined dataset showed that in addition to AAG; age, bodyweight, albumin, CRP, and intensive care unit admission were predictive of total imatinib oral clearance. In conclusion, high total and unaltered unbound concentrations of imatinib in COVID‐19 compared to CML/GIST were a result of variability in acute phase proteins. This is a textbook example of how failure to take into account differences in plasma protein binding and the unbound fraction when interpreting PK of highly protein bound drugs, such as imatinib, could lead to selection of a dose with suboptimal efficacy in patients with COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke H Bartelink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre M Bet
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Widmer
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Specialised Centre for Emergency and Disaster Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Pharmacy of the Eastern Vaud Hospitals, Rennaz, Switzerland
| | - Monia Guidi
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erik Duijvelaar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Grob
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Honeywell
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Evelo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo P E Tielbeek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henrike Hamer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent A Decosterd
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora L Swart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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242
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Bogiel T, Rzepka M, Depka D. Reliable Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Using One- and Two-Gene Molecular Tests for a Viral RNA Detection-Results Questioning Previous Observations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1839. [PMID: 34679537 PMCID: PMC8534906 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus from the Coronaviridae family and its rapid spread is now the most important medical problem worldwide. Currently used tests vary in the number and selection of SARS-CoV-2 target genes. Meanwhile, the choice of the appropriate target gene may be important in terms of a reliable detection of a viral RNA. As some researchers questioned the sensitivity of the monogenic VIASURE SARS-CoV-2 S gene Real Time PCR Detection Kit (CerTest Biotec, Zaragoza, Spain) in mid-2020, the aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of this kit, used along with the BD MAX™ System (Becton Dickinson, East Rutherford, NJ, USA), and compare the results with two-gene Bosphore Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Detection Kit v1 (Anatolia Diagnostics and Biotechnology Products Inc., Istanbul, Turkey). Both tests were carried out on 306 nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs. The consistent results (72 positive and 225 negative results found simultaneously in both kits) were obtained for 297 (97.1%) samples altogether, while discrepancies between the results of the evaluated tests were observed for nine (2.9%) specimens. There were no statistically significant differences between the method used and the frequency of positive results. Both tests, targeted at detecting one and two genes, are effective in SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Bogiel
- Microbiology Department, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 Maria Skłodowska-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.R.); (D.D.)
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Anguraj S, Ketan P, Sivaradjy M, Shanmugam L, Jamir I, Cherian A, Sankar Sastry A. The effect of hand hygiene audit in COVID intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:1247-1251. [PMID: 34303724 PMCID: PMC8299146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, there is an upsurge of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in COVID intensive care units (ICUs), which can be reduced by following proper hand hygiene (HH) practice. Performing HH auditing in COVID ICU and providing timely feedback to the stake holders is crucial to reduce HAIs. Methods From November 2020- April 2021, HH audit was conducted in COVID ICUs. HH complete adherence rate (HHCAR), HH partial adherence rate (HHPAR) and HH total adherence rate (HHTAR) were analyzed. Profession-specific HHTAR and moment-specific HHTAR (for each WHO moment) were also calculated. Results HHCAR, HHPAR and HHTAR were found as 30.8%, 34.5% and 65.3% respectively. There was a significant increase in the monthly HHTAR from 26.7% to 68.4% (P < .001). The profession-specific HHAR was found to be highest among doctors (67.5%) and nurses (66.4%). As the HHTAR increases there is a significant decrease in device associated infection (DAI) rate from 24.7 to 11.5 per 1,000 device days. Conclusions Auditing HH and providing timely feedback significantly improved HH compliance. The need of the hour is to regularly conduct HH audit in COVID locations of all healthcare facilities to reduce HAI rate among the COVID- 19 infected patients in ICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Imola Jamir
- Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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Rasouli M, Vakilian F, Ranjbari J. Therapeutic and protective potential of mesenchymal stem cells, pharmaceutical agents and current vaccines against covid-19. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:166-185. [PMID: 34530719 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666201221151853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been almost 18 months since the first outbreak of COVID-19 disease was reported in Wuhan, China. This unexpected devastating phenomenon, raised a great deal of concerns and anxiety among people around the world and imposed a huge economic burden on the nations' health care systems. Accordingly, clinical scientists, pharmacologists and physicians worldwide felt an urgent demand for a safe, effective therapeutic agent, treatment strategy or vaccine in order to prevent or cure the recently-emerged disease. Initially, due to lack of specific pharmacological agents and approved vaccines to combat the COVID-19, the disease control in the confirmed cases was limited to supportive care. Accordingly, repositioning or repurposing current drugs and examining their possible therapeutic efficacy received a great deal of attention. Despite revealing promising results in some clinical trials, the overall results are conflicting. For this reason, there is an urgent to seek and investigate other potential therapeutics. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) representing immunomodulatory and regenerative capacity to treat both curable and intractable diseases, have been investigated in COVID-19 clinical trials carried out in different parts of the world. Nevertheless, up to now, none of MSC-based approaches has been approved in controlling COVID-19 infection. Thanks to the fact that the final solution for defeating the pandemic is developing a safe, effective vaccine, enormous efforts and clinical research have been carried out. In this review, we will concisely discuss the safety and efficacy of the most relevant pharmacological agents, MSC-based approaches and candidate vaccines for treating and preventing COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rasouli
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Javad Ranjbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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A comparative analysis of urban development, economic level, and COVID-19 cases in Mexico City. JOURNAL OF URBAN MANAGEMENT 2021; 10:265-274. [PMCID: PMC8279945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads more rapidly in densely populated areas. The number of confirmed cases is counted by the millions in some countries, such as USA, Brazil, and Mexico. These three countries also report the world's highest cumulative death tolls caused by the disease as of February 2021. In this study, a comparative analysis of urban development, economic level, and the number of COVID-19 cases in Mexico City, is conducted. Mexico City, the capital city of Mexico, is among the most densely populated metropolitan areas and one of the largest financial centers in the continent. Among the sixteen municipalities, in which Mexico City is divided, there exist enormous economic and urban development gaps. Based in a comparability index (CI), this study found a correlation between the number of confirmed cases of the COVID-19 disease with the population density, the per capita income, and the dwelling occupancy index in each municipality.
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Fang M, Hu W, Liu B. Characterization of bat coronaviruses: a latent global threat. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e72. [PMID: 34553517 PMCID: PMC8460465 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been speculated that bats serve as reservoirs of a huge variety of emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) that have been responsible for severe havoc in human health systems as well as negatively affecting human economic and social systems. A prime example is the currently active severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV2, which presumably originated from bats, demonstrating that the risk of a new outbreak of bat coronavirus is always latent. Therefore, an in-depth investigation to better comprehend bat CoVs has become an important issue within the international community, a group that aims to attenuate the consequences of future outbreaks. In this review, we present a concise introduction to CoVs found in bats and discuss their distribution in Southeast Asia. We also discuss the unique adaptation features in bats that confer the ability to be a potential coronavirus reservoir. In addition, we review the bat coronavirus-linked diseases that have emerged in the last two decades. Finally, we propose key factors helpful in the prediction of a novel coronavirus outbreak and present the most recent methods used to forecast an evolving outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxin Fang
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ben Liu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Lvke Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Universities and Colleges for Selenium Agriculture, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China.
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Exploring the Interrelationship between COVID-19 Phobia, Work–Family Conflict, Family–Work Conflict, and Life Satisfaction among School Administrators for Advancing Sustainable Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationships between the COVID-19 phobia experienced by school administrators and their work–family conflict, family–work conflict, and life satisfaction. This descriptive research, designed according to the relational survey model, was conducted with the participation of 356 school administrators. The study data were collected through online questionnaires, and then t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and simple linear regression analysis were employed for the statistical analyses. The results revealed that female school administrators experienced greater levels of COVID-19 phobia than their male peers and that COVID-19 phobia is felt more intensely in the psychological and social sub-dimensions. However, female school administrators’ life satisfaction levels were significantly higher than those of male school administrators. In the current study, it was determined that school administrators in the younger age group experienced greater levels of COVID-19 phobia and family–work/work–family conflict than their peers from other age groups. The results of this study revealed a positive and moderate relationship between school administrators’ COVID-19 phobia and their levels of both work–family and family–work conflict. The findings of the study offer significant implications for policy makers in education, showing the importance of developing strategies that will reduce the effects of the pandemic for a more sustainable and efficient employee performance.
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Tan YL, Tan KSW, Chu JJH, Chow VT. Combination Treatment With Remdesivir and Ivermectin Exerts Highly Synergistic and Potent Antiviral Activity Against Murine Coronavirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:700502. [PMID: 34395311 PMCID: PMC8362885 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.700502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgency to develop effective antiviral therapies against the disease. Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) is a coronavirus that infects mice and shares some sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2. Both viruses belong to the Betacoronavirus genus, and MHV thus serves as a useful and safe surrogate model for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Clinical trials have indicated that remdesivir is a potentially promising antiviral drug against COVID-19. Using an in vitro model of MHV infection of RAW264.7 macrophages, the safety and efficacy of monotherapy of remdesivir, chloroquine, ivermectin, and doxycycline were investigated. Of the four drugs tested, remdesivir monotherapy exerted the strongest inhibition of live virus and viral RNA replication of about 2-log10 and 1-log10, respectively (at 6 µM). Ivermectin treatment showed the highest selectivity index. Combination drug therapy was also evaluated using remdesivir (6 µM) together with chloroquine (15 µM), ivermectin (2 µM) or doxycycline (15 µM) - above their IC50 values and at high macrophage cell viability of over 95%. The combination of remdesivir and ivermectin exhibited highly potent synergism by achieving significant reductions of about 7-log10 of live virus and 2.5-log10 of viral RNA in infected macrophages. This combination also resulted in the lowest cytokine levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and leukemia inhibitory factor. The next best synergistic combination was remdesivir with doxycycline, which decreased levels of live virus by ~3-log10 and viral RNA by ~1.5-log10. These results warrant further studies to explore the mechanisms of action of the combination therapy, as well as future in vivo experiments and clinical trials for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ling Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin S. W. Tan
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T. Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Xiong Y, Zhu GH, Zhang YN, Hu Q, Wang HN, Yu HN, Qin XY, Guan XQ, Xiang YW, Tang H, Ge GB. Flavonoids in Ampelopsis grossedentata as covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro: Inhibition potentials, covalent binding sites and inhibitory mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:976-987. [PMID: 34333006 PMCID: PMC8322037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a crucial target for treating coronavirus diseases including COVID-19. Our preliminary screening showed that Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (AGE) displayed potent SARS-CoV-2-3CLpro inhibitory activity, but the key constituents with SARS-CoV-2-3CLpro inhibitory effect and their mechanisms were unrevealed. Herein, a practical strategy via integrating bioactivity-guided fractionation and purification, mass spectrometry-based peptide profiling and time-dependent biochemical assay, was applied to identify the crucial constituents in AGE and to uncover their inhibitory mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the flavonoid-rich fractions (10-17.5 min) displayed strong SARS-CoV-2-3CLpro inhibitory activities, while the constituents in these fractions were isolated and their SARS-CoV-2-3CLpro inhibitory activities were investigated. Among all isolated flavonoids, dihydromyricetin, isodihydromyricetin and myricetin strongly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in a time-dependent manner. Further investigations demonstrated that myricetin could covalently bind on SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro at Cys300 and Cys44, while dihydromyricetin and isodihydromyricetin covalently bound at Cys300. Covalent docking coupling with molecular dynamics simulations showed the detailed interactions between the orthoquinone form of myricetin and two covalent binding sites (surrounding Cys300 and Cys44) of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Collectively, the flavonoids in AGE strongly and time-dependently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, while the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors in AGE offer promising lead compounds for developing novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Nan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Nan Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Qin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Wei Xiang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Comparative Transcriptomic and Molecular Pathway Analyses of HL-CZ Human Pro-Monocytic Cells Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1, S2, NP, NSP15 and NSP16 Genes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061193. [PMID: 34073047 PMCID: PMC8228226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a clear and present threat to global public health. Research into how the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus together with its individual constituent genes and proteins interact with target host cells can facilitate the development of improved strategies to manage the acute and long-term complications of COVID-19. In this study, to better understand the biological roles of critical SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we determined and compared the host transcriptomic responses of the HL-CZ human pro-monocytic cell line upon transfection with key viral genes encoding the spike S1 subunit, S2 subunit, nucleocapsid protein (NP), NSP15 (endoribonuclease), and NSP16 (2′-O-ribose-methyltransferase). RNA sequencing followed by gene set enrichment analysis and other bioinformatics tools revealed that host genes associated with topologically incorrect protein, virus receptor activity, heat shock protein binding, endoplasmic reticulum stress, antigen processing and presentation were up-regulated in the presence of viral spike S1 expression. With spike S2 expression, pro-monocytic genes associated with the interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and insulin signaling pathway were down-regulated, whereas those associated with cytokine-mediated signaling were up-regulated. The expression of NSP15 induced the up-regulation of genes associated with neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil-mediated immunity, oxidative phosphorylation, prion disease, and pathways of neurodegeneration. The expression of NSP16 resulted in the down-regulation of genes associated with S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity. The expression of NP down-regulated genes associated with positive regulation of neurogenesis, nervous system development, and heart development. Taken together, the complex transcriptomic alterations arising from these viral-host gene interactions offer useful insights into host genes and their pathways that potentially contribute to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
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