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Hussain M, Khan W, Farooq U, Razzaq R. Impact of Non-Similar Modeling for Thermal Transport Analysis of Mixed Convective Flows of Nanofluids Over Vertically Permeable Surface. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2023. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2023.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the current article, non-similar model is developed for mixed convective boundary layer flow over a permeable vertical surface immersed in nanofluid. The flow is initiated due to the plate stretching in vertical direction and by natural means such as buoyancy. The governing dimensional
equations are converted to non-dimensional equations through characteristic dimensions. Furthermore the non-similar modeling is done by choosing ξ (X) as non-similarity variable and η(X, Y) as pseudo-similarity variable. The non-similar partial differential
system (PDS) is then solved by using local non-similarity method via bvp4c. The heat and mass transfer analysis are carried out by studying local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers in tabular form for some important parameters involved in the non-similar flow. The concentration, velocity and temperature
profiles are graphically represented for various dimensionless number such as Prandtl number (Pr), Brownian motion (Nb), Lewis number Le and thermophoresis (Nt). Reversed flow is observed for the velocity profile as non-similar variable is
varied. Enhancement in thermal profile is witnessed for Nb, Nt and reduction in temperature is observed for Pr. Concentration is reduced for different values of Pr, Le, Nb. Finally this article intends to develop an
intuitive understanding of non-similar models by emphasizing the physical arguments. The authors developed the nonsimilar transformations and tackled the dimensionless non-similar structure by employing the local non-similarity technique. To the best of authors’ observations, no such
study is yet published in literature. This study may be valuable for the researchers investigating towards industrial nanofluid applications, notably in geophysical and geothermal systems, heat exchangers, solar water heaters, biomedicine, and many other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Hussain
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shahzad Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Khan
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shahzad Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Umer Farooq
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shahzad Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Raheela Razzaq
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Chak Shahzad Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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202
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Yin Y, Qu Z, Prodanović M, Landry CJ. Identifying the dominant transport mechanism in single nanoscale pores and 3D nanoporous media. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:409-421. [PMID: 38933770 PMCID: PMC11197504 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas transport mechanisms can be categorized into viscous flow and mass diffusion, both of which may coexist in a porous media with multiscale pore sizes. To determine the dominant transport mechanism and its contribution to gas transport capacity, the gas viscous flow and mass diffusion processes are analyzed in single nanoscale pores via a theoretical method, and are simulated in 3D nanoporous media via pore-scale lattice Boltzmann methods. The apparent permeability from the viscous flow and apparent diffusivity from the mass diffusion are estimated. A dimensionless parameter, i.e., the diffusion-flow ratio, is proposed to evaluate the dominant transport mechanism, which is a function of the apparent permeability, apparent diffusivity, bulk dynamic viscosity, and working pressure. The results show that the apparent permeability increases by approximately two orders of magnitude when the average Knudsen number (Kn avg) of the nanoporous media or Knudsen number (Kn) of single nanoscale pores increases from 0.1 to 10. Under the same conditions, the increment in the apparent diffusivity is only approximately one order of magnitude. When Kn < 0.01, the apparent permeability has a lower bound (i.e., absolute permeability). When Kn > 10, the apparent diffusivity has an upper bound (i.e., Knudsen diffusivity). The dominant transport mechanism in single nanoscale pores is the viscous flow for 0.01 < Kn < 100, where the maximum diffusion-flow ratio is less than one. In nanoporous media, the dominant transport relies heavily on Kn avg and the structural parameters. For nanoporous media with the pore throat diameter of 3 nm, Kn avg = 0.2 is the critical point, above which the mass diffusion is dominant; otherwise, the viscous flow is dominant. As Kn avg increases to 3.4, the mass diffusion is overwhelming, with the maximum diffusion-flow ratio reaching ∼4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhiguo Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Maša Prodanović
- Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Christopher J. Landry
- Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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203
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Kürzl C, Kulozik U. Comparison of the efficiency of pulsed flow membrane cleaning in hollow fibre (HFM) and spiral-wound microfiltration membranes (SWM). FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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204
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Ma X, Guo G, Wu X, Wu Q, Liu F, Zhang H, Shi N, Guan Y. Advances in Integration, Wearable Applications, and Artificial Intelligence of Biomedical Microfluidics Systems. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050972. [PMID: 37241596 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics attracts much attention due to its multiple advantages such as high throughput, rapid analysis, low sample volume, and high sensitivity. Microfluidics has profoundly influenced many fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, information technology, and other disciplines. However, some stumbling stones (miniaturization, integration, and intelligence) strain the development of industrialization and commercialization of microchips. The miniaturization of microfluidics means fewer samples and reagents, shorter times to results, and less footprint space consumption, enabling a high throughput and parallelism of sample analysis. Additionally, micro-size channels tend to produce laminar flow, which probably permits some creative applications that are not accessible to traditional fluid-processing platforms. The reasonable integration of biomedical/physical biosensors, semiconductor microelectronics, communications, and other cutting-edge technologies should greatly expand the applications of current microfluidic devices and help develop the next generation of lab-on-a-chip (LOC). At the same time, the evolution of artificial intelligence also gives another strong impetus to the rapid development of microfluidics. Biomedical applications based on microfluidics normally bring a large amount of complex data, so it is a big challenge for researchers and technicians to analyze those huge and complicated data accurately and quickly. To address this problem, machine learning is viewed as an indispensable and powerful tool in processing the data collected from micro-devices. In this review, we mainly focus on discussing the integration, miniaturization, portability, and intelligence of microfluidics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Ma
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xuanye Wu
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Shanghai Aure Technology Limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shanghai Aure Technology Limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yimin Guan
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Aure Technology Limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
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205
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Han K, Ma S, Sun J, Xu M, Qi X, Wang S, Li L, Li X. In silico modeling of patient-specific blood rheology in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biophys J 2023; 122:1445-1458. [PMID: 36905122 PMCID: PMC10147843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased blood viscosity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and diabetes-related vascular complications; however, individuals with T2DM exhibit heterogeneous hemorheological properties, including cell deformation and aggregation. Using a multiscale red blood cell (RBC) model with key parameters derived from patient-specific data, we present a computational study of the rheological properties of blood from individual patients with T2DM. Specifically, one key model parameter, which determines the shear stiffness of the RBC membrane (μ) is informed by the high-shear-rate blood viscosity of patients with T2DM. At the same time, the other, which contributes to the strength of the RBC aggregation interaction (D0), is derived from the low-shear-rate blood viscosity of patients with T2DM. The T2DM RBC suspensions are simulated at different shear rates, and the predicted blood viscosity is compared with clinical laboratory-measured data. The results show that the blood viscosity obtained from clinical laboratories and computational simulations are in agreement at both low and high shear rates. These quantitative simulation results demonstrate that the patient-specific model has truly learned the rheological behavior of T2DM blood by unifying the mechanical and aggregation factors of the RBCs, which provides an effective way to extract quantitative predictions of the rheological properties of the blood of individual patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xuejin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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206
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Li H, Xu Z, Ma M. Temperature-dependent slip length for water and electrolyte solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:512-517. [PMID: 36652826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The temperature dependence of boundary slip at liquid-solid interface is critical both for the fundamental theory and applications of fluid mechanics on micro and nanoscale, such as sustainable cooling of electronic devices. However, there is a controversy on the temperature dependence of boundary slip which lacks experimental evidence, we aim to resolve it by hypothesizing that the temperature dependent slip length depends on the variation in the interfacial energy barrier. EXPERIMENTS Here, we measured ls - T relation of water and NaCl solution on self-assembled FDTS (Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane) surface using colloidal probe AFM. The transition of ls - T monotonicity is found. For water and 0.1 M NaCl solution, ls is negatively correlated with T, while for 1 M NaCl solution, ls is positively correlated with T. FINDINGS Together with molecular dynamics simulations, such observation is quantitatively explained with an analytical model based on rate theory, where the ls - T monotonicity depends on the difference between liquid-solid interfacial energy barrier and liquid internal energy barrier. Our results provide not only solid experimental evidence for the boundary slip being a rate process, but also a basis for the thermal-hydrodynamic design of microfluidic and nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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207
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Azimi Yancheshme A, Palmese GR, Alvarez NJ. A generalized scaling theory for spontaneous spreading of Newtonian fluids on solid substrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:677-688. [PMID: 36680958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS There exists a generalized solution for the spontaneous spreading dynamics of droplets taking into account the influence of interfacial tension and gravity. EXPERIMENTS This work presents a generalized scaling theory for the problem of spontaneous dynamic spreading of Newtonian fluids on a flat substrate using experimental analysis and numerical simulations. More specifically, we first validate and modify a dynamic contact angle model to accurately describe the dependency of contact angle on the contact line velocity, which is generalized by the capillary number. The dynamic contact model is implemented into a two-phase moving mesh computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, which is validated using experimental results. FINDINGS We show that the spreading process is governed by three important parameters: the Bo number, viscous timescale τviscous, and static advancing contact angle, θs. More specifically, there exists a master spreading curve for a specific Bo and θs by scaling the spreading time with the τviscous. Moreover, we developed a correlation for prediction of the equilibrium shape of the droplets as a function of both Bo and θs. The results of this study can be used in a wide range of applications to predict both dynamic and equilibrium shape of droplets, such as in droplet-based additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe R Palmese
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicolas J Alvarez
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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208
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van der Ven DL, Morrone D, Quetzeri-Santiago MA, Fernandez Rivas D. Microfluidic jet impact: Spreading, splashing, soft substrate deformation and injection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:549-558. [PMID: 36652830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Needle-free injections using microfluidic jets could be optimized by reducing splashing and controlling injection depth. However, this is impeded by an incomplete understanding on how jet characteristics influence impact outcome. We hypothesise that exploring the relation between microfluidic jet characteristics and substrate shear modulus on impact behavior will assist in predicting and giving insights on the impact outcome on skin and injection endpoints. EXPERIMENTS To do so, a setup using microfluidic chips, at varying laser powers and stand-off distances, was used to create thermocavitation generated microfluidic jets with ranging characteristics (velocity: 7-77 m/s, diameter: 35-120 μm, Weber-number: 40-4000), which were impacted on substrates with different shear modulus. FINDINGS Seven impact regimes were found, depending on jet Weber-number and substrate shear modulus, and we identified three thresholds: i) spreading/splashing threshold, ii) dimple formation threshold, and iii) plastic/elastic deformation threshold. The regimes show similarity to skin impact, although the opacity of skin complicated determining the threshold values. Additionally, we found that jet velocity has a higher predictive value for injection depth compared to the Weber-number, and consequently, the jet-diameter. Our findings provide fundamental knowledge on the interaction between microfluidic jets and substrates, and are relevant for optimizing needle-free injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L van der Ven
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Davide Morrone
- Nanovea SRL, Via Balegno 1, 10040 Rivalta di Torino, Italy
| | - Miguel A Quetzeri-Santiago
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - David Fernandez Rivas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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209
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Bontekoe J, Matsumura J, Liu B. Thrombosis in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 4:100106. [PMID: 37564632 PMCID: PMC10410173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a relatively common vascular pathology of the elderly with high morbidity potential. Irreversible degeneration of the aortic wall leads to lethal rupture if left untreated. Nearly all AAAs contain intraluminal thrombus (ILT) to a varying degree, yet the mechanisms explaining how thrombosis is disturbed in AAA are relatively unknown. This review examined the thrombotic complications associated with AAA, the impact of thrombosis on AAA surgical outcomes and AAA pathogenesis, and the use of antithrombotic therapy in the management of this disease. Methods A literature search of the PubMed database was conducted using relevant keywords related to thrombosis and AAAs. Results Thrombotic complications are relatively infrequent in AAA yet carry significant morbidity risks. The ILT can impact endovascular aneurysm repair by limiting anatomic suitability and influence the risk of endoleaks. Many of the pathologic mechanisms involved in AAA development, including hemodynamics, inflammation, oxidative stress, and aortic wall remodeling, contain pathways that interact with thrombosis. Conversely, the ILT can also be a source of biochemical stress and exacerbate these aneurysmal processes. In animal AAA models, antithrombotic therapies have shown favorable results in preventing and stabilizing AAA. Antiplatelet agents may be beneficial for reducing risks of major adverse cardiovascular events in AAA patients; however, neither antiplatelet nor anticoagulation is currently used solely for the management of AAA. Conclusions Thrombosis and ILT may have detrimental effects on AAA growth, rupture risk, and patient outcomes, yet there is limited understanding of the pathologic thrombotic mechanisms in aneurysmal disease at the molecular level. Preventing ILT using platelet and coagulation inhibitors may be a reasonable theoretical target for aneurysm progression and stability; however, the practical benefits of current antithrombotic therapies in AAA are unclear. Further research is needed to demonstrate the extent to which thrombosis impacts AAA pathogenesis and to develop novel pharmacologic strategies for the medical management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Bontekoe
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Jon Matsumura
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Cellular and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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210
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Li Y, Meng Q, Luo B, Li M, Fang J, Allred SR, Fu MR. Exercises in activating lymphatic system on fluid overload symptoms, abnormal weight gains, and physical functions among patients with heart failure: A randomized controlled trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1094805. [PMID: 37113700 PMCID: PMC10126351 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1094805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fluid overload remains a vexing problem in management of heart failure. The lymphatic system that plays the central role in fluid homeostasis has recently been explored as a potential target to counteract tissue fluid overload. The goal of the study was to evaluate the preliminary effects of exercises in activating lymphatic system on fluid overload symptoms, abnormal weight gains, and physical functions for patients with heart failure. Methods and results A pilot, pre- and post-test, randomized clinical trial was conducted to recruit a total of 66 patients who were randomized to receive either a 4-week The-Optimal-Lymph-Flow for Heart Failure (TOLF-HF) program or usual care alone. The primary outcome was the prevalence and burden of the fluid overload symptoms. Findings of the trial showed that the TOLF-HF intervention was effective in reducing the prevalence or burden of the majority of fluid overload symptoms. TOLF-HF intervention also demonstrated significant improvement in the outcomes of abnormal weight gains (MD: -0.82; 95% CI: -1.43 to -0.21; P = 0.010) and physical functions (F = 13.792, P < 0.001). Conclusions The TOLF-HF program focusing on activating lymphatic system through the performance of therapeutic lymphatic exercises holds the promise as an adjuvant therapy for patients with heart failure to manage fluid overload symptoms, reduce abnormal weight gains, and improve physical functions. Future larger-scale study with longer duration of follow-up is needed. Clinical Trial Registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, identifier ChiCTR2000039121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingtong Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Biru Luo
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Minlu Li
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- General Ward of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinbo Fang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sarah R. Allred
- Department of Psychology and Health Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Mei Rosemary Fu
- School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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211
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Wang X, Li JY, Zhang C, Yang Y, Zhang J. The cervical lymph node contributes to peripheral inflammation related to Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:93. [PMID: 37038192 PMCID: PMC10088204 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral inflammation is an important feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, if and how CNS pathology is involved in the peripheral inflammation in PD remains to be fully investigated. Recently, the existence of meningeal lymphatics and its involvement in draining cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) to the cervical lymph node has been discovered. It is known that meningeal lymphatic dysfunction exists in idiopathic PD. The deep cervical lymph node (dCLN) substantially contributes to the drainage of the meningeal lymphatics. In addition, one of the lymphatics draining components, CSF, contains abundant α-synuclein (α-syn), a protein critically involved in PD pathogenesis and neuroinflammation. Thus, we began with exploring the possible structural and functional alterations of the dCLN in a PD mouse model (A53T mice) and investigated the role of pathological α-syn in peripheral inflammation and its potential underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS In this study, the transgenic mice (prnp-SNCA*A53T) which specifically overexpressed A53T mutant α-syn in CNS were employed as the PD animal model. Immunofluorescent and Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate structure of dCLN. Inflammation in dCLNs as well as in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was assessed quantitatively by measuring the mRNA and protein levels of typical inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α). Intra-cisterna magna injection, flow cytometric sorting and electrochemiluminescence immunoassays were applied to investigate the lymphatic drainage of α-syn from the CNS. RNA-seq and Western blot were used to explore how pathological α-syn mediated the inflammation in PD mice. RESULTS The results unequivocally revealed substantially enlarged dCLNs, along with slow lymphatic flow, and increased inflammation in the dCLNs of A53T mice. Oligomeric α-syn drained from CSF potently activated macrophages in the dCLN via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Notably, inhibition of ER stress effectively suppressed peripheral inflammation in PD mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that lymph node enlargement is closely related to macrophage activation, induced by meningeal lymphatics draining oligomeric α-syn, and contributes to the peripheral inflammation in PD. In addition, ER stress is a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongran Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China.
- National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China.
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212
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Abdelhafez MA, Abd-Alla AM, Abo-Dahab SM, Elmhedy Y. Influence of an inclined magnetic field and heat and mass transfer on the peristaltic flow of blood in an asymmetric channel. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5749. [PMID: 37029144 PMCID: PMC10082051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a theoretical study on heat and mass transfer analysis of the peristaltic flow of blood conveying through an asymmetric channel in the presence of inclined to the magnetic field. The effects of ratio of relaxation to retardation times, non-uniform parameter, the non-dimensional amplitude, Hartman number and phase difference have been taken into account. The governing coupled non-linear partial differential equations representing the flow model are transmuted into linear ones by assuming that the wave is very long with a small Reynolds number. The converted mathematical formulations are solved analytically via the Mathematica software. Analytical expressions for the dimensionless velocity profiles of fluid, temperature, concentration, pressure gradient, increase in pressure, heat transfer coefficient and shear stress of the blood are derived. The velocity, temperature, concentration, pressure gradient, increase in pressure, heat transfer coefficient and shear stress were calculated numerically for different values of the parameters, which were represented graphically and find their physical meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abdelhafez
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - A M Abd-Alla
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - S M Abo-Dahab
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Elmhedy
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
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213
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Mu X, Gerhard-Herman MD, Zhang YS. Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201778. [PMID: 37693798 PMCID: PMC10489284 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel chips are bioengineered microdevices, consisting of biomaterials, human cells, and microstructures, which recapitulate essential vascular structure and physiology and allow a well-controlled microenvironment and spatial-temporal readouts. Blood vessel chips afford promising opportunities to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a range of vascular diseases. The physiological relevance is key to these blood vessel chips that rely on bioinspired strategies and bioengineering approaches to translate vascular physiology into artificial units. Here, we discuss several critical aspects of vascular physiology, including morphology, material composition, mechanical properties, flow dynamics, and mass transport, which provide essential guidelines and a valuable source of bioinspiration for the rational design of blood vessel chips. We also review state-of-art blood vessel chips that exhibit important physiological features of the vessel and reveal crucial insights into the biological processes and disease pathogenesis, including rare diseases, with notable implications for drug screening and clinical trials. We envision that the advances in biomaterials, biofabrication, and stem cells improve the physiological relevance of blood vessel chips, which, along with the close collaborations between clinicians and bioengineers, enable their widespread utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marie Denise Gerhard-Herman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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214
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Boster KAS, Cai S, Ladrón-de-Guevara A, Sun J, Zheng X, Du T, Thomas JH, Nedergaard M, Karniadakis GE, Kelley DH. Artificial intelligence velocimetry reveals in vivo flow rates, pressure gradients, and shear stresses in murine perivascular flows. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217744120. [PMID: 36989300 PMCID: PMC10083563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217744120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial for understanding brain waste clearance and nutrient delivery, as well as edema in pathological conditions such as stroke. However, existing in vivo techniques are limited to sparse velocity measurements in pial perivascular spaces (PVSs) or low-resolution measurements from brain-wide imaging. Additionally, volume flow rate, pressure, and shear stress variation in PVSs are essentially impossible to measure in vivo. Here, we show that artificial intelligence velocimetry (AIV) can integrate sparse velocity measurements with physics-informed neural networks to quantify CSF flow in PVSs. With AIV, we infer three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution velocity, pressure, and shear stress. Validation comes from training with 70% of PTV measurements and demonstrating close agreement with the remaining 30%. A sensitivity analysis on the AIV inputs shows that the uncertainty in AIV inferred quantities due to uncertainties in the PVS boundary locations inherent to in vivo imaging is less than 30%, and the uncertainty from the neural net initialization is less than 1%. In PVSs of N = 4 wild-type mice we find mean flow speed 16.33 ± 11.09 µm/s, volume flow rate 2.22 ± 1.983 × 103 µm3/s, axial pressure gradient ( - 2.75 ± 2.01)×10-4 Pa/µm (-2.07 ± 1.51 mmHg/m), and wall shear stress (3.00 ± 1.45)×10-3 Pa (all mean ± SE). Pressure gradients, flow rates, and resistances agree with prior predictions. AIV infers in vivo PVS flows in remarkable detail, which will improve fluid dynamic models and potentially clarify how CSF flow changes with aging, Alzheimer's disease, and small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengze Cai
- Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Antonio Ladrón-de-Guevara
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY14627
| | - Jiatong Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY14627
| | - Xiaoning Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Ting Du
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY14627
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning110122, China
| | - John H. Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY14627
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY14627
| | - George Em Karniadakis
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
| | - Douglas H. Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY14627
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215
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Dradrach K, Zmyślony M, Deng Z, Priimagi A, Biggins J, Wasylczyk P. Light-driven peristaltic pumping by an actuating splay-bend strip. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1877. [PMID: 37015926 PMCID: PMC10073117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite spectacular progress in microfluidics, small-scale liquid manipulation, with few exceptions, is still driven by external pumps and controlled by large-scale valves, increasing cost and size and limiting complexity. By contrast, optofluidics uses light to power, control and monitor liquid manipulation, potentially allowing for small, self-contained microfluidic devices. Here we demonstrate a soft light-propelled actuator made of liquid crystal gel that pumps microlitre volumes of water. The strip of actuating material serves as both a pump and a channel leading to an extremely simple microfluidic architecture that is both powered and controlled by light. The performance of the pump is well explained by a simple theoretical model in which the light-induced bending of the actuator competes with the liquid's surface tension. The theory highlights that effective pumping requires a threshold light intensity and strip width. The proposed system explores the benefits of shifting the complexity of microfluidic systems from the fabricated device to spatio-temporal control over stimulating light patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Dradrach
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Zmyślony
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zixuan Deng
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - John Biggins
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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216
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Connor AA, Webster DR. Hydrodynamics of the fast-start caridoid escape response in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5376. [PMID: 37009788 PMCID: PMC10068603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Krill are shrimp-like crustaceans with a high degree of mobility and variety of documented swimming behaviors. The caridoid escape response, a fast-start mechanism unique to crustaceans, occurs when the animal performs a series of rapid abdominal flexions and tail flipping that results in powerful backward strokes. The current results quantify the animal kinematics and three-dimensional flow field around a free-swimming Euphausia superba as it performs the caridoid escape maneuver. The specimen performs a single abdominal flexion-tail flip combination that leads to an acceleration over a 42 ms interval allowing it to reach a maximum speed of 57.0 cm/s (17.3 body lengths/s). The krill's tail flipping during the abdominal closure is a significant contributor to the thrust generation during the maneuver. The krill sheds a complex chain of vortex rings in its wake due to the viscous flow effects while the organism accelerates. The vortex ring structure reveals a strong suction flow in the wake, which suggests that the pressure distribution and form drag play a role in the force balance for this maneuver. Antarctic krill typically swim in a low to intermediate Reynolds number (Re) regime where viscous forces are significant, but as shown by this analysis, its high maneuverability allows it to quickly change its body angle and swimming speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Connor
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0355, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
| | - D R Webster
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0355, USA.
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217
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Extrusion-based 3D printing of food biopolymers: A highlight on the important rheological parameters to reach printability. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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218
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Liang X, Wu M, Yang Y, Liu D, Li X. Shale gas hydraulic fracturing flowback fluid treatment using a modified vortex flocculation reactor: Effects of the axial and tangential inlet angles. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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219
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Borbora MH, Vasu B, Chamkha AJ. A Review Study of Numerical Simulation of Lid-Driven Cavity Flow with Nanofluids. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2023. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2023.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Perhaps the most deliberated fluid problem in the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the lid driven cavity flow whose simple geometry is used to study the thermal behavior of many engineering applications such as cooling of electronic equipment, solar collectors, thermal storage
systems, food processing, solar ponds, crystal growth, lubrication technologies and cooling of electrical and mechanical components. Researchers have been devoting much of their time in order to discover innovative methods to enhance the thermal conductivity of conventional fluids. With the
development of nanotechnology, the concept of nanofluids has gained ground considerably as a new kind of heat transfer fluid. Nanofluid is a new kind of fluid with high thermal conductivity is a mixture of solid nanoparticles and a liquid. This review recapitulates the recent progress of the
various numerical methods that are used in predicting the influence of several parameters such as type of nanoparticle and host liquid, particle volume concentration, particle size and shape, Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis effect on hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of convective
heat transfer using nanofluids in a lid driven cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustaque Hussain Borbora
- Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004 U.P., India
| | - B. Vasu
- Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004 U.P., India
| | - Ali J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, 35004, Kuwait
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220
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Songyang M, Chen W, Hongguang X. Quasi-periodic large-scale vortex structure in bod bundle lattice with micro ribs. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2023.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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221
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CorTAF: A nuclear reactor core three-dimensional thermal-hydraulic characteristics analysis code based on OpenFOAM. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2023.112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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222
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Piñeiro-Lago L, Ramlawi N, Franco I, Tovar CA, Campo-Deaño L, Ewoldt RH. Large amplitude oscillatory shear stress (LAOStress) analysis for an acid-curd Spanish cheese: Afuega'l Pitu atroncau blancu and roxu (PDO). Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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223
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Suarez AC, Hammel JH, Munson JM. Modeling lymphangiogenesis: Pairing in vitro and in vivo metrics. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12802. [PMID: 36760223 PMCID: PMC10121924 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is the mechanism by which the lymphatic system develops and expands new vessels facilitating fluid drainage and immune cell trafficking. Models to study lymphangiogenesis are necessary for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to identify or test new therapeutic agents that target lymphangiogenesis. Across the lymphatic literature, multiple models have been developed to study lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, lymphangiogenesis can be modeled with varying complexity, from monolayers to hydrogels to explants, with common metrics for characterizing proliferation, migration, and sprouting of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and vessels. In comparison, in vivo models of lymphangiogenesis often use genetically modified zebrafish and mice, with in situ mouse models in the ear, cornea, hind leg, and tail. In vivo metrics, such as activation of LECs, number of new lymphatic vessels, and sprouting, mirror those most used in vitro, with the addition of lymphatic vessel hyperplasia and drainage. The impacts of lymphangiogenesis vary by context of tissue and pathology. Therapeutic targeting of lymphangiogenesis can have paradoxical effects depending on the pathology including lymphedema, cancer, organ transplant, and inflammation. In this review, we describe and compare lymphangiogenic outcomes and metrics between in vitro and in vivo studies, specifically reviewing only those publications in which both testing formats are used. We find that in vitro studies correlate well with in vivo in wound healing and development, but not in the reproductive tract or the complex tumor microenvironment. Considerations for improving in vitro models are to increase complexity with perfusable microfluidic devices, co-cultures with tissue-specific support cells, the inclusion of fluid flow, and pairing in vitro models of differing complexities. We believe that these changes would strengthen the correlation between in vitro and in vivo outcomes, giving more insight into lymphangiogenesis in healthy and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen C. Suarez
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jennifer H. Hammel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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224
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Kim DK, Ananth R. Spontaneous aqueous foaming with fluorosurfactants from a hydrocarbon liquid at ambient conditions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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225
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Strodtmann L, Gebauer M, Vetter A, Scholl S, Jasch K. Influence of surfactants on thermosiphon reboiling. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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226
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Wang Z, Ye T, Guo K, Tian W, Qiu S, Su G. Molecular dynamics study of the wettability effect on the evaporation of thin liquid sodium film. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2023.112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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227
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Fujisawa K. Time-dependent force in high-speed liquid droplet impacting on a wet wall. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2022.109655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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228
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Wang X, Yan X, Du J, Ji B, Jalal Inanlu M, Min Q, Miljkovic N. Spreading dynamics of microdroplets on nanostructured surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 635:221-230. [PMID: 36592502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Droplet spreading governs various daily phenomena and industrial processes. Insights about microdroplet spreading are limited due to experimental difficulties arising from microdroplet manipulation and substrate wettability control. For droplet sizes approaching the capillary length scale, the gravitational force plays an important role in spreading. In contrast, capillary and viscous forces dominate as the droplet size reduces to smaller length scales. We hypothesize that the dynamic spreading behavior of microdroplets whose radius is far lower than the capillary length differs substantially from established and well understood dynamics. EXPERIMENTS To systematically investigate the spreading dynamics of microdroplets, we develop contact-initiated wetting techniques combined with structuring-independent wettability control to achieve microdroplet (<500 μm) spreading on arbitrary surfaces while eliminating parasitic pinning effects (pining force ∼ 0) and initial impact momentum effects (Weber number ∼ 0). FINDINGS Our experiments reveal that the capillary-driven initial spreading of microdroplets is shorter, with significantly reduced oscillation dampening, when compared to millimeter-scale droplets. Furthermore, spreading along with capillary wave propagation results in coupling between the spreading velocity and dynamic contact angle at the contact line. These findings, along with our proposed microdroplet manipulation platform, may find application in microscale heat transfer, advanced manufacturing, and aerosol transmission studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Jiayu Du
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, China
| | - Bingqiang Ji
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mohammad Jalal Inanlu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Qi Min
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, China.
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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229
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Beom Jo Y, Park SH, Soo Kim E. Lagrangian computational fluid dynamics for nuclear Thermal-Hydraulics & safety. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2023.112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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230
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Sato K, Kawasaki K, Koshimura S. A numerical study of the MRT-LBM for the shallow water equation in high Reynolds number flows: An application to real-world tsunami simulation. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2023.112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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231
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Heffernan C, Egedahl ML, Barrie J, Winter C, Armstrong G, Doroshenko A, Tyrrell G, Paulsen C, Lau A, Long R. The prevalence, risk factors, and public health consequences of peripheral lymph node-associated clinical and subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 129:165-174. [PMID: 36736990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Relatively little is known about the prevalence, risk factors, and public health consequences of peripheral lymph node (PLN)-associated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHODS We developed a 10-year (2010-2019) population-based cohort of PLNTB patients in Canada. We used systematically collected primary source data and expert reader chest radiograph interpretations in a multivariable logistic regression to determine associations between sputum culture positivity and demographic, clinical, and radiographic features. Public health risks were estimated among contacts of PLNTB patients. RESULTS There were 306 patients with PLNTB, among whom 283 (92.5%) were 15-64 years of age, 159 (52.0%) were female, and 293 (95.8%) were foreign-born. Respiratory symptoms were present in 21.6%, and abnormal chest radiograph in 23.2%. Sputum culture positivity ranged from 12.9% in patients with no symptoms and normal lung parenchyma to 66.7% in patients with both. Respiratory symptoms, abnormal lung parenchyma, and HIV-coinfection (borderline) were independent predictors of sputum culture positivity (odds ratio [OR] 2.24 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-4.39], P = 0.01, OR 4.78 [95% CI 2.41-9.48], P < 0.001, and OR 2.54 [95% CI 0.99-6.52], P = 0.05), respectively. Among contacts of sputum culture-positive PLNTB patients, one secondary case and 16 new infections were identified. CONCLUSION Isochronous PTB is common in PLNTB patients. Routine screening of PLNTB patients for PTB is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Heffernan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Egedahl
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Barrie
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Winter
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Armstrong
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander Doroshenko
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory Tyrrell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Paulsen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angela Lau
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Long
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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232
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Liu Q, Diaz J, Petrov V, Burak A, Manera A, Kelly J, Sun X. Void Fraction Measurement and Prediction of Two-Phase Boiling Flows in a Tubular Test Section. JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND RADIATION SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Void fraction is one of the most important parameters that affect two-phase flow heat transfer and pressure drop. In this paper, a commercial gamma densitometer and a high-speed X-ray radiography system developed at the University of Michigan (UM) are used to measure the void fraction in two-phase boiling flows, with water as the working fluid, in a tubular test section. The test section is made of Incoloy 800H/HT with a total length of 1.589 m, an inner diameter of 12.95 mm, and a wall thickness of 3.05 mm. These two instrumentation systems are installed on a traversing platform that travels along the vertical test section to perform measurements at multiple elevations. Subcooled flow boiling and natural convection boiling experiments are performed to measure the void fraction in the test section. Flow visualization images are obtained for bubbly and slug flows from the X-ray radiography system. The wall temperature of the test section is measured at 17 elevations by thermocouples. In addition to the experiments, a multiphase computational fluid dynamics (MCFD) model is developed using ansysfluent to simulate the subcooled flow boiling. The measured wall temperature and void fraction from the experiments are compared with the MCFD simulation results. The root-mean-square (RMS) relative deviations are 3.6% and 16.1% for the wall temperature and void fraction, respectively, between the experimental data and MCFD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2104
| | - Julio Diaz
- Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2104
| | - Victor Petrov
- Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2104
| | - Adam Burak
- Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2104
| | - Annalisa Manera
- Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2104
| | - Joseph Kelly
- Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission , Washington, DC 20555-0001
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2104
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233
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Hu S, Liu X. 3D CFD-PBM simulation of gas-solid bubbling beds of Geldart A particles with sub-grid drag correction. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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234
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Chaichudchaval P, Fuangkamonvet N, Piboonlapudom S, Chanthasopeephan T. Parametric study of a bubble removing device for hemodialysis. BMC Biomed Eng 2023; 5:2. [PMID: 37004140 PMCID: PMC10067188 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-023-00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper sets out to design a device for removing bubbles during the process of hemodialysis. The concept is to guide the bubbles while traveling through the device and eventually the bubbles can be collected. The design focuses on the analysis of various parameters i.e. inlet diameter, inlet velocity and size of the pitch. The initial diameters of Models 1 and 2 have thread regions of 6 and 10 mm, respectively. PARAMETERS Swirl number, Taylor number, Lift coefficient along with pressure field are also implemented. RESULTS Based on computational fluid dynamics analysis, the bubbles' average maximum equilibrium position for Model 1 reached 1.995 mm, being greater than that of Model 2, which attained 1.833 mm. Then, 16,000 bubbles were released into Model 1 to validate the performance of the model. This number of bubbles is typically found in the dialysis. Thus, it was found that 81.53% of bubbles passed through the radial region of 2.20 ± 0.30 mm. The appropriate collecting plane was at 100 mm, as measured from the inlet position along the axial axis. The Taylor number, Lift coefficient, and Swirl number proved to be significant parameters for describing the movement of the bubbles. Results were based on multiple inlet velocities. It is seen that Model 3, the improved model with unequal pitch, reached a maximum equilibrium position of 2.24 mm. CONCLUSION Overall, results demonstrated that Model 1 was the best design compared to Models 2 and 3. Model 1 was found capable of guiding the bubbles to the edge location and did not generate extra bubbles. Thus, the parametric study, herein, can be used as a prototype for removing bubbles during the process of hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonnapa Chaichudchaval
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Nunthapat Fuangkamonvet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Supajitra Piboonlapudom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Teeranoot Chanthasopeephan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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235
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Chen H, Li C, Chang Y, Hsieh W, Wang S. Effect of solution acidity on cytochrome c conformations of alternating current electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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236
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Wang K, Zhang X, Zhou W, Peng D, Liu Y. Correction method for film cooling effectiveness measurement with temperature gradient using endoscopic PSP and TSP technique. J Vis (Tokyo) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-023-00918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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237
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Hao J, Guo Y, Yu Z, Curtis JS. Pressure‐controlled secondary flows and mixing in sheared Platonic solid‐shaped particles. AIChE J 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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238
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Türen E, Yavuz H. Schlieren imaging investigation of flow fields in synthetic jets generated by different orifice geometries with varying aspect ratios. J Vis (Tokyo) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-023-00917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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239
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Monti A, Olivieri S, Rosti ME. Collective dynamics of dense hairy surfaces in turbulent flow. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5184. [PMID: 36997565 PMCID: PMC10063604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractFlexible filamentous beds interacting with a turbulent flow represent a fundamental setting for many environmental phenomena, e.g., aquatic canopies in marine current. Exploiting direct numerical simulations at high Reynolds number where the canopy stems are modelled individually, we provide evidence on the essential features of the honami/monami collective motion experienced by hairy surfaces over a range of different flexibilities, i.e., Cauchy number. Our findings clearly confirm that the collective motion is essentially driven by fluid flow turbulence, with the canopy having in this respect a fully-passive behavior. Instead, some features pertaining to the structural response turn out to manifest in the motion of the individual canopy elements when focusing, in particular, on the spanwise oscillation and/or on sufficiently small Cauchy numbers.
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240
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Xin X, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang Y, Guo P, Li X. Hydrovoltaic effect-enhanced photocatalysis by polyacrylic acid/cobaltous oxide–nitrogen doped carbon system for efficient photocatalytic water splitting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1759. [PMID: 36997506 PMCID: PMC10063643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSevere carrier recombination and the slow kinetics of water splitting for photocatalysts hamper their efficient application. Herein, we propose a hydrovoltaic effect-enhanced photocatalytic system in which polyacrylic acid (PAA) and cobaltous oxide (CoO)–nitrogen doped carbon (NC) achieve an enhanced hydrovoltaic effect and CoO–NC acts as a photocatalyst to generate H2 and H2O2 products simultaneously. In this system, called PAA/CoO–NC, the Schottky barrier height between CoO and the NC interface decreases by 33% due to the hydrovoltaic effect. Moreover, the hydrovoltaic effect induced by H+ carrier diffusion in the system generates a strong interaction between H+ ions and the reaction centers of PAA/CoO–NC, improving the kinetics of water splitting in electron transport and species reaction. PAA/CoO–NC exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance, with H2 and H2O2 production rates of 48.4 and 20.4 mmol g−1 h−1, respectively, paving a new way for efficient photocatalyst system construction.
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241
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González-Fernández A, Symonds EM, Gallard-Gongora JF, Mull B, Lukasik JO, Rivera Navarro P, Badilla Aguilar A, Peraud J, Mora Alvarado D, Cantor A, Breitbart M, Cairns MR, Harwood VJ. Risk of Gastroenteritis from Swimming at a Wastewater-Impacted Tropical Beach Varies across Localized Scales. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0103322. [PMID: 36847564 PMCID: PMC10057883 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01033-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Population growth and changing climate are expected to increase human exposure to pathogens in tropical coastal waters. We examined microbiological water quality in three rivers within 2.3 km of each other that impact a Costa Rican beach and in the ocean outside their plumes during the rainy and dry seasons. We performed quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to predict the risk of gastroenteritis associated with swimming and the amount of pathogen reduction needed to achieve safe conditions. Recreational water quality criteria based on enterococci were exceeded in >90% of river samples but in only 13% of ocean samples. Multivariate analysis grouped microbial observations by subwatershed and season in river samples but only by subwatershed in the ocean. The modeled median risk from all pathogens in river samples was between 0.345 and 0.577, 10-fold above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) benchmark of 0.036 (36 illnesses/1,000 swimmers). Norovirus genogroup I (NoVGI) contributed most to risk, but adenoviruses raised risk above the threshold in the two most urban subwatersheds. The risk was greater in the dry compared to the rainy season, due largely to the greater frequency of NoVGI detection (100% versus 41%). Viral log10 reduction needed to ensure safe swimming conditions varied by subwatershed and season and was greatest in the dry season (3.8 to 4.1 dry; 2.7 to 3.2 rainy). QMRA that accounts for seasonal and local variability of water quality contributes to understanding the complex influences of hydrology, land use, and environment on human health risk in tropical coastal areas and can contribute to improved beach management. IMPORTANCE This holistic investigation of sanitary water quality at a Costa Rican beach assessed microbial source tracking (MST) marker genes, pathogens, and indicators of sewage. Such studies are still rare in tropical climates. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) found that rivers impacting the beach consistently exceeded the U.S. EPA risk threshold for gastroenteritis of 36/1,000 swimmers. The study improves upon many QMRA studies by measuring specific pathogens, rather than relying on surrogates (indicator organisms or MST markers) or estimating pathogen concentrations from the literature. By analyzing microbial levels and estimating the risk of gastrointestinal illness in each river, we were able to discern differences in pathogen levels and human health risks even though all rivers were highly polluted by wastewater and were located less than 2.5 km from one another. This variability on a localized scale has not, to our knowledge, previously been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin M. Symonds
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Bonnie Mull
- BCS Laboratories, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Pablo Rivera Navarro
- Laboratorio Nacional de Aguas, Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Andrei Badilla Aguilar
- Laboratorio Nacional de Aguas, Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Jayme Peraud
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Darner Mora Alvarado
- Laboratorio Nacional de Aguas, Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Allison Cantor
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mya Breitbart
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Maryann R. Cairns
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Valerie J. Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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242
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Ilich A, Gernsheimer TB, Triulzi DJ, Herren H, Brown SP, Holle LA, Lucas AT, de Laat B, El Kassar N, Wolberg AS, May S, Key NS. Absence of hyperfibrinolysis may explain lack of efficacy of tranexamic acid in hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:900-908. [PMID: 36044391 PMCID: PMC10025092 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Trial Using Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in Thrombocytopenia (A-TREAT, NCT02578901) demonstrated no superiority of TXA over placebo in preventing World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 or higher bleeding in patients with severe thrombocytopenia requiring supportive platelet transfusion following myeloablative therapy for hematologic disorders. In this ancillary study, we sought to determine whether this clinical outcome could be explained on the basis of correlative assays of fibrinolysis. Plasma was collected from A-TREAT participants (n = 115) before the initiation of study drug (baseline) and when TXA was at steady-state trough concentration (follow-up). Global fibrinolysis was measured by 3 assays: euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT), plasmin generation (PG), and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-challenged clot lysis time (tPA-CLT). TXA was quantified in follow-up samples by tandem mass spectrometry. Baseline samples did not demonstrate fibrinolytic activation by ECLT or tPA-CLT. Furthermore, neither ECLT nor levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tPA, plasminogen, alpha2-antiplasmin, or plasmin-antiplasmin complexes were associated with a greater risk of WHO grade 2+ bleeding. TXA trough concentrations were highly variable (range, 0.7-10 μg/mL) and did not correlate with bleeding severity, despite the fact that plasma TXA levels correlated strongly with pharmacodynamic assessments by PG (Spearman r, -0.78) and tPA-CLT (r, 0.74). We conclude that (1) no evidence of fibrinolytic activation was observed in these patients with thrombocytopenia, (2) trough TXA concentrations varied significantly between patients receiving the same dosing schedule, and (3) tPA-CLT and PG correlated well with TXA drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ilich
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Terry B. Gernsheimer
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Heather Herren
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Siobhan P. Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lori A. Holle
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrew T. Lucas
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bas de Laat
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nahed El Kassar
- Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Alisa S. Wolberg
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Susanne May
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nigel S. Key
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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243
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Vachon P, Merugu S, Sharma J, Lal A, Ng EJ, Koh Y, Lee JEY, Lee C. Microfabricated acoustofluidic membrane acoustic waveguide actuator for highly localized in-droplet dynamic particle manipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1865-1878. [PMID: 36852544 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precision manipulation techniques in microfluidics often rely on ultrasonic actuators to generate displacement and pressure fields in a liquid. However, strategies to enhance and confine the acoustofluidic forces often work against miniaturization and reproducibility in fabrication. This study presents microfabricated piezoelectric thin film membranes made via silicon diffusion for guided flexural wave generation as promising acoustofluidic actuators with low frequency, voltage, and power requirements. The guided wave propagation can be dynamically controlled to tune and confine the induced acoustofluidic radiation force and streaming. This provides for highly localized dynamic particle manipulation functionalities such as multidirectional transport, patterning, and trapping. The device combines the advantages of microfabrication and advanced acoustofluidic capabilities into a miniature "drop-and-actuate" chip that is mechanically robust and features a high degree of reproducibility for large-scale production. The membrane acoustic waveguide actuators offer a promising pathway for acoustofluidic applications such as biosensing, organoid production, and in situ analyte transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vachon
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Amit Lal
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
- SonicMEMS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Eldwin J Ng
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Yul Koh
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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244
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Mohyeddini A, Rasaei MR. Calculating porosity and permeability from synthetic micro‐
CT
scan images based on a hybrid artificial intelligence. CAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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245
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Yanagisawa N, Kurita R. Cross over to collective rearrangements near the dry-wet transition in two-dimensional foams. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4939. [PMID: 36973314 PMCID: PMC10042865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid foams respond plastically to external perturbations over some critical magnitude. This rearrangement process is directly related to the mechanical properties of the foams, playing a significant role in determining foam lifetime, deformability, elasticity, and fluidity. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the rearrangement dynamics of foams near a dry-wet transition. When a foam transforms from a dry state to a wet state, it is found that considering collective events, separated T1 events propagate in dry foams, while T1 events occur simultaneously in wet foams. This cross over to collective rearrangements is closely related to the change in local bubble arrangements and mobility. Furthermore, it is also found that a probability of collective rearrangement events occurring follows a Poisson distribution, suggesting that there is little correlation between discrete collective rearrangement events. These results constitute progress in understanding the dynamical properties of soft jammed systems, relevant for biological and material sciences as well as food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamioosawa, Hachiouji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Rei Kurita
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamioosawa, Hachiouji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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246
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Kim SS, Castillo C, Cheikhali M, Darweesh H, Kossor C, Davé RN. Enhanced blend uniformity and flowability of low drug loaded fine API blends via dry coating: The effect of mixing time and excipient size. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122722. [PMID: 36796658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Although previous research demonstrated improved flowability, packing, fluidization, etc. of individual powders via nanoparticle dry coating, none considered its impact on very low drug loaded blends. Here, fine ibuprofen at 1, 3, and 5 wt% drug loadings (DL) was used in multi-component blends to examine the impact of the excipients size, dry coating with hydrophilic or hydrophobic silica, and mixing times on the blend uniformity, flowability and drug release rates. For uncoated active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), the blend uniformity (BU) was poor for all blends regardless of the excipient size and mixing time. In contrast, for dry coated API having low agglomerate ratio (AR), BU was dramatically improved, more so for the fine excipient blends, at lesser mixing times. For dry coated API, the fine excipient blends mixed for 30 min had enhanced flowability and lower AR; better for the lowest DL having lesser silica, likely due to mixing induced synergy of silica redistribution. For the fine excipient tablets, dry coating led to fast API release rates even with hydrophobic silica coating. Remarkably, the low AR of the dry coated API even at very low DL and amounts of silica in the blend led to the enhanced blend uniformity, flow, and API release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangah S Kim
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Chelsea Castillo
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Mirna Cheikhali
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Hadeel Darweesh
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Christopher Kossor
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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247
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Galvis D, Hodson DJ, Wedgwood KC. Spatial distribution of heterogeneity as a modulator of collective dynamics in pancreatic beta-cell networks and beyond. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:fnetp.2023.1170930. [PMID: 36987428 PMCID: PMC7614376 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1170930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the impact of spatial distribution of heterogeneity on collective dynamics in gap-junction coupled beta-cell networks comprised on cells from two populations that differ in their intrinsic excitability. Initially, these populations are uniformly and randomly distributed throughout the networks. We develop and apply an iterative algorithm for perturbing the arrangement of the network such that cells from the same population are increasingly likely to be adjacent to one another. We find that the global input strength, or network drive, necessary to transition the network from a state of quiescence to a state of synchronised and oscillatory activity decreases as network sortedness increases. Moreover, for weak coupling, we find that regimes of partial synchronisation and wave propagation arise, which depend both on network drive and network sortedness. We then demonstrate the utility of this algorithm for studying the distribution of heterogeneity in general networks, for which we use Watts-Strogatz networks as a case study. This work highlights the importance of heterogeneity in node dynamics in establishing collective rhythms in complex, excitable networks and has implications for a wide range of real-world systems that exhibit such heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Galvis
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence: Daniel Galvis,
| | - David J. Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle C.A. Wedgwood
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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248
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Guo Z, Lin T, Jing D, Wang W, Sui Y. A method for real-time mechanical characterisation of microcapsules. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023:10.1007/s10237-023-01712-7. [PMID: 36964429 PMCID: PMC10366294 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Characterising the mechanical properties of flowing microcapsules is important from both fundamental and applied points of view. In the present study, we develop a novel multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based machine learning (ML) approach, for real-time simultaneous predictions of the membrane mechanical law type, shear and area-dilatation moduli of microcapsules, from their camera-recorded steady profiles in tube flow. By MLP, we mean a neural network where many perceptrons are organised into layers. A perceptron is a basic element that conducts input-output mapping operation. We test the performance of the present approach using both simulation and experimental data. We find that with a reasonably high prediction accuracy, our method can reach an unprecedented low prediction latency of less than 1 millisecond on a personal computer. That is the overall computational time, without using parallel computing, from a single experimental image to multiple capsule mechanical parameters. It is faster than a recently proposed convolutional neural network-based approach by two orders of magnitude, for it only deals with the one-dimensional capsule boundary instead of the entire two-dimensional capsule image. Our new approach may serve as the foundation of a promising tool for real-time mechanical characterisation and online active sorting of deformable microcapsules and biological cells in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Guo
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Lin
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Dalei Jing
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Sui
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
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Nof E, Bhardwaj S, Koullapis P, Bessler R, Kassinos S, Sznitman J. In vitro-in silico correlation of three-dimensional turbulent flows in an idealized mouth-throat model. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010537. [PMID: 36952557 PMCID: PMC10072468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists an ongoing need to improve the validity and accuracy of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of turbulent airflows in the extra-thoracic and upper airways. Yet, a knowledge gap remains in providing experimentally-resolved 3D flow benchmarks with sufficient data density and completeness for useful comparison with widely-employed numerical schemes. Motivated by such shortcomings, the present work details to the best of our knowledge the first attempt to deliver in vitro-in silico correlations of 3D respiratory airflows in a generalized mouth-throat model and thereby assess the performance of Large Eddy Simulations (LES) and Reynolds-Averaged Numerical Simulations (RANS). Numerical predictions are compared against 3D volumetric flow measurements using Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry (TPIV) at three steady inhalation flowrates varying from shallow to deep inhalation conditions. We find that a RANS k-ω SST model adequately predicts velocity flow patterns for Reynolds numbers spanning 1'500 to 7'000, supporting results in close proximity to a more computationally-expensive LES model. Yet, RANS significantly underestimates turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), thus underlining the advantages of LES as a higher-order turbulence modeling scheme. In an effort to bridge future endevours across respiratory research disciplines, we provide end users with the present in vitro-in silico correlation data for improved predictive CFD models towards inhalation therapy and therapeutic or toxic dosimetry endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliram Nof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Saurabh Bhardwaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Pantelis Koullapis
- Computational Sciences Laboratory (UCY-CompSci), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ron Bessler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stavros Kassinos
- Computational Sciences Laboratory (UCY-CompSci), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Aluru NR, Aydin F, Bazant MZ, Blankschtein D, Brozena AH, de Souza JP, Elimelech M, Faucher S, Fourkas JT, Koman VB, Kuehne M, Kulik HJ, Li HK, Li Y, Li Z, Majumdar A, Martis J, Misra RP, Noy A, Pham TA, Qu H, Rayabharam A, Reed MA, Ritt CL, Schwegler E, Siwy Z, Strano MS, Wang Y, Yao YC, Zhan C, Zhang Z. Fluids and Electrolytes under Confinement in Single-Digit Nanopores. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2737-2831. [PMID: 36898130 PMCID: PMC10037271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important natural systems and industrial applications. Existing theories often fail to predict the exotic effects observed in the narrowest of such pores, called single-digit nanopores (SDNs), which have diameters or conduit widths of less than 10 nm, and have only recently become accessible for experimental measurements. What SDNs reveal has been surprising, including a rapidly increasing number of examples such as extraordinarily fast water transport, distorted fluid-phase boundaries, strong ion-correlation and quantum effects, and dielectric anomalies that are not observed in larger pores. Exploiting these effects presents myriad opportunities in both basic and applied research that stand to impact a host of new technologies at the water-energy nexus, from new membranes for precise separations and water purification to new gas permeable materials for water electrolyzers and energy-storage devices. SDNs also present unique opportunities to achieve ultrasensitive and selective chemical sensing at the single-ion and single-molecule limit. In this review article, we summarize the progress on nanofluidics of SDNs, with a focus on the confinement effects that arise in these extremely narrow nanopores. The recent development of precision model systems, transformative experimental tools, and multiscale theories that have played enabling roles in advancing this frontier are reviewed. We also identify new knowledge gaps in our understanding of nanofluidic transport and provide an outlook for the future challenges and opportunities at this rapidly advancing frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana R Aluru
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Fikret Aydin
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - J Pedro de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Samuel Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Hao-Kun Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Yuhao Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Arun Majumdar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Joel Martis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Archith Rayabharam
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Mark A Reed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut06520, United States
| | - Cody L Ritt
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Eric Schwegler
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zuzanna Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine92697, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Yun-Chiao Yao
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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