251
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Modica G, Skorobogata O, Sauvageau E, Vissa A, Yip CM, Kim PK, Wurtele H, Lefrancois S. Rab7 palmitoylation is required for efficient endosome-to-TGN trafficking. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2579-2590. [PMID: 28600323 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retromer is a multimeric protein complex that mediates endosome-to-trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosome-to-plasma membrane trafficking of integral membrane proteins. Dysfunction of this complex has been linked to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The recruitment of retromer to endosomes is regulated by Rab7 (also known as RAB7A) to coordinate endosome-to-TGN trafficking of cargo receptor complexes. Rab7 is also required for the degradation of internalized integral membrane proteins, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We found that Rab7 is palmitoylated and that this modification is not required for membrane anchoring. Palmitoylated Rab7 colocalizes efficiently with and has a higher propensity to interact with retromer than nonpalmitoylatable Rab7. Rescue of Rab7 knockout cells by expressing wild-type Rab7 restores efficient endosome-to-TGN trafficking, while rescue with nonpalmitoylatable Rab7 does not. Interestingly, Rab7 palmitoylation does not appear to be required for the degradation of EGFR or for its interaction with its effector, Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP). Overall, our results indicate that Rab7 palmitoylation is required for the spatiotemporal recruitment of retromer and efficient endosome-to-TGN trafficking of the lysosomal sorting receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Modica
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Olga Skorobogata
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Etienne Sauvageau
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Adriano Vissa
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
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252
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McMillan KJ, Gallon M, Jellett AP, Clairfeuille T, Tilley FC, McGough I, Danson CM, Heesom KJ, Wilkinson KA, Collins BM, Cullen PJ. Atypical parkinsonism-associated retromer mutant alters endosomal sorting of specific cargo proteins. J Cell Biol 2017; 214:389-99. [PMID: 27528657 PMCID: PMC4987296 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the retromer complex, which is involved in sorting integral membrane proteins from endosomes to cellular compartments, are associated with atypical parkinsonism, but how these mutations affect retromer function remains unclear. Through a quantitative proteomic analysis of the retromer interactome, McMillan et al. reveal a new mechanism for perturbed endosomal sorting in parkinsonism. The retromer complex acts as a scaffold for endosomal protein complexes that sort integral membrane proteins to various cellular destinations. The retromer complex is a heterotrimer of VPS29, VPS35, and VPS26. Two of these paralogues, VPS26A and VPS26B, are expressed in humans. Retromer dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative disease, and recently, three VPS26A mutations (p.K93E, p.M112V, and p.K297X) were discovered to be associated with atypical parkinsonism. Here, we apply quantitative proteomics to provide a detailed description of the retromer interactome. By establishing a comparative proteomic methodology, we identify how this interactome is perturbed in atypical parkinsonism-associated VPS26A mutants. In particular, we describe a selective defect in the association of VPS26A (p.K297X) with the SNX27 cargo adaptor. By showing how a retromer mutant leads to altered endosomal sorting of specific PDZ ligand–containing cargo proteins, we reveal a new mechanism for perturbed endosomal cargo sorting in atypical parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty J McMillan
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Matthew Gallon
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Adam P Jellett
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Thomas Clairfeuille
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Frances C Tilley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Ian McGough
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Chris M Danson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, UK
| | - Brett M Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, England, UK
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253
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Arumugam S, Kaur A. The Lipids of the Early Endosomes: Making Multimodality Work. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1053-1060. [PMID: 28374483 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Early endosomes are dynamic intracellular compartments that fuse with incoming endocytic carrier vesicles and associated cargoes from the plasma membrane. It has been long known that the chemical structures of lipids confer striking properties and rich biochemistry on bilayers. Although the organisational principles of the plasma membrane are relatively better understood, understanding endosomal membranes has been challenging. It has become increasingly apparent that endosomal membranes, because of their lipid compositions and interactions, use distinct lipid chemistries. We discuss the biochemical and biophysical phenomena in play at the early endosomal membrane. We focus on cholesterol, phosphoinositides, and phosphatidylserine and their clear roles in endosome functions. We discuss the various principles and mechanisms underpinning how these lipids are implicated at the functional level in the working of endosomes, and we summarise early endosomes as a multimodal organelle employing distinct lipid-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Arumugam
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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254
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Ma Q, Yang J, Milner TA, Vonsattel JPG, Palko ME, Tessarollo L, Hempstead BL. SorCS2-mediated NR2A trafficking regulates motor deficits in Huntington's disease. JCI Insight 2017; 2:88995. [PMID: 28469074 PMCID: PMC5414556 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor dysfunction is a prominent and disabling feature of Huntington's disease (HD), but the molecular mechanisms that dictate its onset and progression are unknown. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2A (NR2A) subunit regulates motor skill development and synaptic plasticity in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum, cells that are most severely impacted by HD. Here, we document reduced NR2A receptor subunits on the dendritic membranes and at the synapses of MSNs in zQ175 mice that model HD. We identify that SorCS2, a vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein-domain (VPS10P-domain) receptor, interacts with VPS35, a core component of retromer, thereby regulating surface trafficking of NR2A in MSNs. In the zQ175 striatum, SorCS2 is markedly decreased in an age- and allele-dependent manner. Notably, SorCS2 selectively interacts with mutant huntingtin (mtHTT), but not WT huntingtin (wtHTT), and is mislocalized to perinuclear clusters in striatal neurons of human HD patients and zQ175 mice. Genetic deficiency of SorCS2 accelerates the onset and exacerbates the motor coordination deficit of zQ175 mice. Together, our results identify SorCS2 as an interacting protein of mtHTT and demonstrate that impaired SorCS2-mediated NR2A subunit trafficking to dendritic surface of MSNs is, to our knowledge, a novel mechanism contributing to motor coordination deficits of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Paul G Vonsattel
- The New York Brain Bank/Taub Institute Columbia University, Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Palko
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara L Hempstead
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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255
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Song ES, Jang H, Guo HF, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Morris AJ, Galperin E, Rodgers DW, Hersh LB. Inositol phosphates and phosphoinositides activate insulin-degrading enzyme, while phosphoinositides also mediate binding to endosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2826-E2835. [PMID: 28325868 PMCID: PMC5389272 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613447114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) hydrolyzes bioactive peptides, including insulin, amylin, and the amyloid β peptides. Polyanions activate IDE toward some substrates, yet an endogenous polyanion activator has not yet been identified. Here we report that inositol phosphates (InsPs) and phosphatdidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs) serve as activators of IDE. InsPs and PtdInsPs interact with the polyanion-binding site located on an inner chamber wall of the enzyme. InsPs activate IDE by up to ∼95-fold, affecting primarily Vmax The extent of activation and binding affinity correlate with the number of phosphate groups on the inositol ring, with phosphate positional effects observed. IDE binds PtdInsPs from solution, immobilized on membranes, or presented in liposomes. Interaction with PtdInsPs, likely PtdIns(3)P, plays a role in localizing IDE to endosomes, where the enzyme reportedly encounters physiological substrates. Thus, InsPs and PtdInsPs can serve as endogenous modulators of IDE activity, as well as regulators of its intracellular spatial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suk Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - HyeIn Jang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Hou-Fu Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 04044-020 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 04044-020 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - David W Rodgers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536;
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Louis B Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536;
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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256
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Rizzo R, Parashuraman S, D’Angelo G, Luini A. GOLPH3 and oncogenesis: What is the molecular link? Tissue Cell 2017; 49:170-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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257
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Cui TZ, Peterson TA, Burd CG. A CDC25 family protein phosphatase gates cargo recognition by the Vps26 retromer subunit. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28362258 PMCID: PMC5409824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a regulatory mechanism that controls the activity of retromer, an evolutionarily conserved sorting device that orchestrates cargo export from the endosome. A spontaneously arising mutation that activates the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) CDC25 family phosphatase, Mih1, results in accelerated turnover of a subset of endocytosed plasma membrane proteins due to deficient sorting into a retromer-mediated recycling pathway. Mih1 directly modulates the phosphorylation state of the Vps26 retromer subunit; mutations engineered to mimic these states modulate the binding affinities of Vps26 for a retromer cargo, resulting in corresponding changes in cargo sorting at the endosome. The results suggest that a phosphorylation-based gating mechanism controls cargo selection by yeast retromer, and they establish a functional precedent for CDC25 protein phosphatases that lies outside of their canonical role in regulating cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Zhong Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Tabitha A Peterson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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258
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Barford K, Deppmann C, Winckler B. The neurotrophin receptor signaling endosome: Where trafficking meets signaling. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:405-418. [PMID: 27503831 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the largest cells in the body and form subcellular compartments such as axons and dendrites. During both development and adulthood building blocks must be continually trafficked long distances to maintain the different regions of the neuron. Beyond building blocks, signaling complexes are also transported, allowing for example, axons to communicate with the soma. The critical roles of signaling via ligand-receptor complexes is perhaps best illustrated in the context of development, where they are known to regulate polarization, survival, axon outgrowth, dendrite development, and synapse formation. However, knowing 'when' and 'how much' signaling is occurring does not provide the complete story. The location of signaling has a significant impact on the functional outcomes. There are therefore complex and functionally important trafficking mechanisms in place to control the precise spatial and temporal aspects of many signal transduction events. In turn, many of these signaling events affect trafficking mechanisms, setting up an intricate connection between trafficking and signaling. In this review we will use neurotrophin receptors, specifically TrkA and TrkB, to illustrate the cell biology underlying the links between trafficking and signaling. Briefly, we will discuss the concepts of how trafficking and signaling are intimately linked for functional and diverse signaling outputs, and how the same protein can play different roles for the same receptor depending on its localization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419-437, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Barford
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
| | - Christopher Deppmann
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Physical Life Sciences Building (PLSB), 90 Geldard Drive, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
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259
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Purushothaman LK, Arlt H, Kuhlee A, Raunser S, Ungermann C. Retromer-driven membrane tubulation separates endosomal recycling from Rab7/Ypt7-dependent fusion. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:783-791. [PMID: 28100638 PMCID: PMC5349785 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
How does a Rab function in both recycling and fusion? An endosomal subcomplex of the SNX-BAR retromer can bind to Ypt7 and compete with the HOPS complex. Assembly of the full retromer then results in displacement of Ypt7. These data explain how domain formation and Ypt7 participation can be coordinated. Endosomes are the major protein-sorting hubs of the endocytic pathway. They sort proteins destined for degradation into internal vesicles while in parallel recycling receptors via tubular carriers back to the Golgi. Tubule formation depends on the Rab7/Ypt7-interacting retromer complex, consisting of the sorting nexin dimer (SNX-BAR) and the trimeric cargo selection complex (CSC). Fusion of mature endosomes with the lysosome-like vacuole also requires Rab7/Ypt7. Here we solve a major problem in understanding this dual function of endosomal Rab7/Ypt7, using a fully reconstituted system, including purified, full-length yeast SNX-BAR and CSC, whose overall structure we present. We reveal that the membrane-active SNX-BAR complex displaces Ypt7 from cargo-bound CSC during formation of recycling tubules. This explains how a single Rab can coordinate recycling and fusion on endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Kallur Purushothaman
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Henning Arlt
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anne Kuhlee
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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260
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Kvainickas A, Orgaz AJ, Nägele H, Diedrich B, Heesom KJ, Dengjel J, Cullen PJ, Steinberg F. Retromer- and WASH-dependent sorting of nutrient transporters requires a multivalent interaction network with ANKRD50. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:382-395. [PMID: 27909246 PMCID: PMC5278674 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Retromer and the associated actin-polymerizing WASH complex are essential for the endocytic recycling of a wide range of integral membrane proteins. A hereditary Parkinson's-disease-causing point mutation (D620N) in the retromer subunit VPS35 perturbs retromer's association with the WASH complex and also with the uncharacterized protein ankyrin-repeat-domain-containing protein 50 (ANKRD50). Here, we firmly establish ANKRD50 as a new and essential component of the SNX27-retromer-WASH super complex. Depletion of ANKRD50 in HeLa or U2OS cells phenocopied the loss of endosome-to-cell-surface recycling of multiple transmembrane proteins seen upon suppression of SNX27, retromer or WASH-complex components. Mass-spectrometry-based quantification of the cell surface proteome of ANKRD50-depleted cells identified amino acid transporters of the SLC1A family, among them SLC1A4, as additional cargo molecules that depend on ANKRD50 and retromer for their endocytic recycling. Mechanistically, we show that ANKRD50 simultaneously engages multiple parts of the SNX27-retromer-WASH complex machinery in a direct and co-operative interaction network that is needed to efficiently recycle the nutrient transporters GLUT1 (also known as SLC2A1) and SLC1A4, and potentially many other surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunas Kvainickas
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Jimenez Orgaz
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Nägele
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Diedrich
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kate J Heesom
- School of Biochemistry, Bristol University, University Walk, Bristol BS81TD, UK
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, Fribourg University, Chemin du Musee 10, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Bristol University, University Walk, Bristol BS81TD, UK
| | - Florian Steinberg
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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261
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Dong R, Saheki Y, Swarup S, Lucast L, Harper JW, De Camilli P. Endosome-ER Contacts Control Actin Nucleation and Retromer Function through VAP-Dependent Regulation of PI4P. Cell 2017; 166:408-423. [PMID: 27419871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
VAP (VAPA and VAPB) is an evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored protein that helps generate tethers between the ER and other membranes through which lipids are exchanged across adjacent bilayers. Here, we report that by regulating PI4P levels on endosomes, VAP affects WASH-dependent actin nucleation on these organelles and the function of the retromer, a protein coat responsible for endosome-to-Golgi traffic. VAP is recruited to retromer budding sites on endosomes via an interaction with the retromer SNX2 subunit. Cells lacking VAP accumulate high levels of PI4P, actin comets, and trans-Golgi proteins on endosomes. Such defects are mimicked by downregulation of OSBP, a VAP interactor and PI4P transporter that participates in VAP-dependent ER-endosomes tethers. These results reveal a role of PI4P in retromer-/WASH-dependent budding from endosomes. Collectively, our data show how the ER can control budding dynamics and association with the cytoskeleton of another membrane by direct contacts leading to bilayer lipid modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sharan Swarup
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Louise Lucast
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Kavli Institute for Neurosciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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262
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SNX-1 and RME-8 oppose the assembly of HGRS-1/ESCRT-0 degradative microdomains on endosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E307-E316. [PMID: 28053230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612730114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After endocytosis, transmembrane cargo reaches endosomes, where it encounters complexes dedicated to opposing functions: recycling and degradation. Microdomains containing endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-0 component Hrs [hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGRS-1) in Caenorhabditis elegans] mediate cargo degradation, concentrating ubiquitinated cargo and organizing the activities of ESCRT. At the same time, retromer associated sorting nexin one (SNX-1) and its binding partner, J-domain protein RME-8, sort cargo away from degradation, promoting cargo recycling to the Golgi. Thus, we hypothesized that there could be important regulatory interactions between retromer and ESCRT that balance degradative and recycling functions. Taking advantage of the naturally large endosomes of the C. elegans coelomocyte, we visualized complementary ESCRT-0 and RME-8/SNX-1 microdomains in vivo and assayed the ability of retromer and ESCRT microdomains to regulate one another. We found in snx-1(0) and rme-8(ts) mutants increased endosomal coverage and intensity of HGRS-1-labeled microdomains, as well as increased total levels of HGRS-1 bound to membranes. These effects are specific to SNX-1 and RME-8, as loss of other retromer components SNX-3 and vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS-35) did not affect HGRS-1 microdomains. Additionally, knockdown of hgrs-1 had little to no effect on SNX-1 and RME-8 microdomains, suggesting directionality to the interaction. Separation of the functionally distinct ESCRT-0 and SNX-1/RME-8 microdomains was also compromised in the absence of RME-8 and SNX-1, a phenomenon we observed to be conserved, as depletion of Snx1 and Snx2 in HeLa cells also led to greater overlap of Rme-8 and Hrs on endosomes.
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263
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Chu J, Praticò D. The retromer complex system in a transgenic mouse model of AD: influence of age. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 52:32-38. [PMID: 28110103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficiencies of the retrograde transport mediated by the retromer complex have been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic manipulation of retromer modulates brain amyloidosis in Tg2576 mice. However, whether the complex is altered during the development of the AD-like phenotype remains unknown. In this study we assayed the expression levels of the vacuolar sorting protein 35 (VPS35), VPS26, VPS29, and its cargo proteins, cation independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, sortilin-related receptor in brains of Tg2576 and controls at the ages of 3, 8, and 14 months. While cortex showed an age-dependent decrease in all but VPS29, levels of the same proteins in the cerebellum were unchanged at any age. Neuronal cells expressing human amyloid beta precursor protein Swedish mutant had also reduced retromer complex levels. However, incubation with a pharmacological chaperone dose-dependently restored these levels together with a reduction in amyloid beta. Our study is the first to show that in a transgenic mouse model of AD the changes in the expression levels of the retromer complex are age and region dependent, and that the complex is a viable therapeutic target since its deficiency can be restored pharmacologically by a retromer chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chu
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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264
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Priya A, Sugatha J, Parveen S, Lacas-gervais S, Raj P, Gilleron J, Datta S. Essential and selective role of SNX12 in transport of endocytic and retrograde cargo. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2707-2721. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.201905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal protein sorting machineries play vital roles in diverse physiologically important cellular processes. Much of the core membrane sorting apparatus are conserved in evolution, such as retromer, involved in the recycling of a diverse set of cargoes via retrograde trafficking route. Here, using a RNAi based loss of function study, we identified that SNX12 when suppressed, leads to severe blockage in CIM6PR transport and alters the morphology of the endocytic compartments. We demonstrate that SNX12 is involved in the early phase of CIM6PR transport and mediates receptor recycling upstream of the other well established SNX components of retromer. Ultra-structural analysis revealed that SNX12 resides on tubulo-vesicular structures, inspite of lacking a BAR domain. Further, we illustrate that SNX12 plays a key role in intraluminal vesicle formation and in the maturation of a sub-population of early endosomes to late endosomes thereby regulating selective endocytic transport of cargo for degradation. This study therefore provides evidence for the existence of early endosomal sub-populations, which have differential roles in sorting of the cargoes along endocytic degradative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Priya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Jini Sugatha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Sandra Lacas-gervais
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Prateek Raj
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Nice, France
| | - Sunando Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462023, India
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265
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Abstract
Sorting internalized proteins and lipids back to the cell surface controls the supply of molecules throughout the cell and regulates integral membrane protein activity at the surface. One central process in mammalian cells is the transit of cargo from endosomes back to the plasma membrane (PM) directly, along a route that bypasses retrograde movement to the Golgi. Despite recognition of this pathway for decades we are only beginning to understand the machinery controlling this overall process. The budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, a stalwart genetic system, has been routinely used to identify fundamental proteins and their modes of action in conserved trafficking pathways. However, the study of cell surface recycling from endosomes in yeast is hampered by difficulties that obscure visualization of the pathway. Here we briefly discuss how recycling is likely a more prevalent process in yeast than is widely appreciated and how tools might be built to better study the pathway.
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266
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Tang BL. Rabs, Membrane Dynamics, and Parkinson's Disease. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1626-1633. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117456
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267
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Schopf K, Huber A. Membrane protein trafficking in Drosophila photoreceptor cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 96:391-401. [PMID: 27964885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane protein trafficking occurs throughout the lifetime of neurons and includes the initial protein synthesis and anterograde transport to the plasma membrane as well as internalization, degradation, and recycling of plasma membrane proteins. Defects in protein trafficking can result in neuronal degeneration and underlie blinding diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa as well as other neuronal disorders. Drosophila photoreceptor cells have emerged as a model system for identifying the components and mechanisms involved in membrane protein trafficking in neurons. Here we summarize the current knowledge about trafficking of three Drosophila phototransduction proteins, the visual pigment rhodopsin and the two light-activated ion channels TRP (transient receptor potential) and TRPL (TRP-like). Despite some common requirements shared by rhodopsin and TRP, details in the trafficking of these proteins differ considerably, suggesting the existence of several trafficking pathways for these photoreceptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina Schopf
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology, Department of Biosensorics, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Armin Huber
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physiology, Department of Biosensorics, Stuttgart, Germany.
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268
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Chmiest D, Sharma N, Zanin N, Viaris de Lesegno C, Shafaq-Zadah M, Sibut V, Dingli F, Hupé P, Wilmes S, Piehler J, Loew D, Johannes L, Schreiber G, Lamaze C. Spatiotemporal control of interferon-induced JAK/STAT signalling and gene transcription by the retromer complex. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13476. [PMID: 27917878 PMCID: PMC5150223 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-I interferons (IFNs) play a key role in the immune defences against viral and bacterial infections, and in cancer immunosurveillance. We have established that clathrin-dependent endocytosis of the type-I interferon (IFN-α/β) receptor (IFNAR) is required for JAK/STAT signalling. Here we show that the internalized IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits of the IFNAR complex are differentially sorted by the retromer at the early endosome. Binding of the retromer VPS35 subunit to IFNAR2 results in IFNAR2 recycling to the plasma membrane, whereas IFNAR1 is sorted to the lysosome for degradation. Depletion of VPS35 leads to abnormally prolonged residency and association of the IFNAR subunits at the early endosome, resulting in increased activation of STAT1- and IFN-dependent gene transcription. These experimental data establish the retromer complex as a key spatiotemporal regulator of IFNAR endosomal sorting and a new factor in type-I IFN-induced JAK/STAT signalling and gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Chmiest
- Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Natacha Zanin
- Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Viaris de Lesegno
- Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
- Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Vonick Sibut
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
- INSERM U900, 75005 Paris, France
- Mines Paris-Tech, F-75272 Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Hupé
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
- INSERM U900, 75005 Paris, France
- Mines Paris-Tech, F-75272 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Damarys Loew
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
- Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
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269
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Jia D, Zhang JS, Li F, Wang J, Deng Z, White MA, Osborne DG, Phillips-Krawczak C, Gomez TS, Li H, Singla A, Burstein E, Billadeau DD, Rosen MK. Structural and mechanistic insights into regulation of the retromer coat by TBC1d5. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13305. [PMID: 27827364 PMCID: PMC5105194 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Retromer is a membrane coat complex that is recruited to endosomes by the small GTPase Rab7 and sorting nexin 3. The timing of this interaction and consequent endosomal dynamics are thought to be regulated by the guanine nucleotide cycle of Rab7. Here we demonstrate that TBC1d5, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rab7, is a high-affinity ligand of the retromer cargo selective complex VPS26/VPS29/VPS35. The crystal structure of the TBC1d5 GAP domain bound to VPS29 and complementary biochemical and cellular data show that a loop from TBC1d5 binds to a conserved hydrophobic pocket on VPS29 opposite the VPS29-VPS35 interface. Additional data suggest that a distinct loop of the GAP domain may contact VPS35. Loss of TBC1d5 causes defective retromer-dependent trafficking of receptors. Our findings illustrate how retromer recruits a GAP, which is likely to be involved in the timing of Rab7 inactivation leading to membrane uncoating, with important consequences for receptor trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Departments of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Deng
- Departments of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Mark A. White
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Douglas G. Osborne
- Departments of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Christine Phillips-Krawczak
- Departments of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Timothy S. Gomez
- Departments of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Amika Singla
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Departments of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Michael K. Rosen
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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270
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Kwon SH, Oh S, Nacke M, Mostov KE, Lipschutz JH. Adaptor Protein CD2AP and L-type Lectin LMAN2 Regulate Exosome Cargo Protein Trafficking through the Golgi Complex. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25462-25475. [PMID: 27765817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, 40-150-nm extracellular vesicles, transport biological macromolecules that mediate intercellular communications. Although exosomes are known to originate from maturation of endosomes into multivesicular endosomes (also known as multivesicular bodies) with subsequent fusion of the multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane, it remains unclear how cargos are selected for exosomal release. Using an inducible expression system for the exosome cargo protein GPRC5B and following its trafficking trajectory, we show here that newly synthesized GPRC5B protein accumulates in the Golgi complex prior to its release into exosomes. The L-type lectin LMAN2 (also known as VIP36) appears to be specifically required for the accumulation of GPRC5B in the Golgi complex and restriction of GPRC5B transport along the exosomal pathway. This may occur due to interference with the adaptor protein GGA1-mediated trans Golgi network-to-endosome transport of GPRC5B. The adaptor protein CD2AP-mediated internalization following cell surface delivery appears to contribute to the Golgi accumulation of GPRC5B, possibly in parallel with biosynthetic/secretory trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data thus reveal a Golgi-traversing pathway for exosomal release of the cargo protein GPRC5B in which CD2AP facilitates the entry and LMAN2 impedes the exit of the flux, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kwon
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425,
| | - Sekyung Oh
- the Department of Radiology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, and.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Marisa Nacke
- the Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry/Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, and
| | - Keith E Mostov
- the Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry/Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, and
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.,the Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
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271
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Progida C, Bakke O. Bidirectional traffic between the Golgi and the endosomes - machineries and regulation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3971-3982. [PMID: 27802132 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional transport between the Golgi complex and the endocytic pathway has to be finely regulated in order to ensure the proper delivery of newly synthetized lysosomal enzymes and the return of sorting receptors from degradative compartments. The high complexity of these routes has led to experimental difficulties in properly dissecting and separating the different pathways. As a consequence, several models have been proposed during the past decades. However, recent advances in our understanding of endosomal dynamics have helped to unify these different views. We provide here an overview of the current insights into the transport routes between Golgi and endosomes in mammalian cells. The focus of the Commentary is on the key molecules involved in the trafficking pathways between these intracellular compartments, such as Rab proteins and sorting receptors, and their regulation. A proper understanding of the bidirectional traffic between the Golgi complex and the endolysosomal system is of uttermost importance, as several studies have demonstrated that mutations in the factors involved in these transport pathways result in various pathologies, in particular lysosome-associated diseases and diverse neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Progida
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddmund Bakke
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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272
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Buckley CM, Gopaldass N, Bosmani C, Johnston SA, Soldati T, Insall RH, King JS. WASH drives early recycling from macropinosomes and phagosomes to maintain surface phagocytic receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5906-E5915. [PMID: 27647881 PMCID: PMC5056073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524532113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an ancient mechanism that allows cells to harvest nutrients from extracellular media, which also allows immune cells to sample antigens from their surroundings. During macropinosome formation, bulk plasma membrane is internalized with all its integral proteins. It is vital for cells to salvage these proteins before degradation, but the mechanisms for sorting them are not known. Here we describe the evolutionarily conserved recruitment of the WASH (WASP and SCAR homolog) complex to both macropinosomes and phagosomes within a minute of internalization. Using Dictyostelium, we demonstrate that WASH drives protein sorting and recycling from macropinosomes and is thus essential to maintain surface receptor levels and sustain phagocytosis. WASH functionally interacts with the retromer complex at both early and late phases of macropinosome maturation, but mediates recycling via retromer-dependent and -independent pathways. WASH mutants consequently have decreased membrane levels of integrins and other surface proteins. This study reveals an important pathway enabling cells to sustain macropinocytosis without bulk degradation of plasma membrane components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Buckley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Navin Gopaldass
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Bosmani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon A Johnston
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert H Insall
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason S King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom;
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273
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Muriel O, Tomas A, Scott CC, Gruenberg J. Moesin and cortactin control actin-dependent multivesicular endosome biogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3305-3316. [PMID: 27605702 PMCID: PMC5170863 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-12-0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin and cortactin on early endosomes are necessary for the formation of F-actin networks that mediate multivesicular endosome biogenesis and transport through the degradative pathway toward lysosomes. Presumably, this mechanism helps segregate recycling membranes from the maturing multivesicular endosomes. We used in vivo and in vitro strategies to study the mechanisms of multivesicular endosome biogenesis. We found that, whereas annexinA2 and ARP2/3 mediate F-actin nucleation and branching, respectively, the ERM protein moesin supports the formation of F-actin networks on early endosomes. We also found that moesin plays no role during endocytosis and recycling to the plasma membrane but is absolutely required, much like actin, for early-to-late-endosome transport and multivesicular endosome formation. Both actin network formation in vitro and early-to-late endosome transport in vivo also depend on the F-actin–binding protein cortactin. Our data thus show that moesin and cortactin are necessary for formation of F-actin networks that mediate endosome biogenesis or maturation and transport through the degradative pathway. We propose that the primary function of endosomal F-actin is to control the membrane remodeling that accompanies endosome biogenesis. We also speculate that this mechanism helps segregate tubular and multivesicular membranes along the recycling and degradation pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Muriel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cameron C Scott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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274
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Zheng W, Zheng H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Xie Q, Lin X, Chen A, Yu W, Lu G, Shim WB, Zhou J, Wang Z. Retrograde trafficking from the endosome to the trans-Golgi network mediated by the retromer is required for fungal development and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:1327-1343. [PMID: 26875543 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the retromer is an endosome-localized complex involved in protein retrograde transport. However, the role of such intracellular trafficking events in pathogenic fungal development and pathogenicity remains unclear. The role of the retromer complex in Fusarium graminearum was investigated using cell biological and genetic methods. We observed the retromer core component FgVps35 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting 35) in the cytoplasm as fast-moving puncta. FgVps35-GFP co-localized with both early and late endosomes, and associated with the trans-Golgi network (TGN), suggesting that FgVps35 functions at the donor endosome membrane to mediate TGN trafficking. Disruption of microtubules with nocodazole significantly restricted the transportation of FgVps35-GFP and resulted in severe germination and growth defects. Mutation of FgVPS35 not only mimicked growth defects induced by pharmacological treatment, but also affected conidiation, ascospore formation and pathogenicity. Using yeast two-hybrid assays, we determined the interactions among FgVps35, FgVps26, FgVps29, FgVps17 and FgVps5 which are analogous to the yeast retromer complex components. Deletion of any one of these genes resulted in similar phenotypic defects to those of the ΔFgvps35 mutant and disrupted the stability of the complex. Overall, our results provide the first clear evidence of linkage between the retrograde transport mediated by the retromer complex and virulence in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huawei Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaolian Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ahai Chen
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Won-Bo Shim
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2132, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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275
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McGovern OL, Carruthers VB. Toxoplasma Retromer Is Here to Stay. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:758-760. [PMID: 27247246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
How the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii and related parasites shuttle proteins through their intricate system of endomembranous compartments remains unclear. Sangaré et al. show that the Toxoplasma retromer complex is essential for parasite viability through its role in protein targeting to multiple locales and its interactions with newly identified partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L McGovern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA
| | - Vern B Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA.
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276
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Wang C, Niu M, Zhou Z, Zheng X, Zhang L, Tian Y, Yu X, Bu G, Xu H, Ma Q, Zhang YW. VPS35 regulates cell surface recycling and signaling of dopamine receptor D1. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 46:22-31. [PMID: 27460146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is a retromer complex component regulating membrane protein trafficking and retrieval. Mutations or dysfunction of VPS35 have been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), which is pathologically characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in brain substantia nigra region. Dopamine plays a key role in regulating various brain physiological functions by binding to its receptors and triggering their endocytosis and signaling pathways. However, it is unclear whether there is a link between VPS35 and dopamine signaling in PD. Herein, we found that VPS35 interacted with dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1). Notably, overexpression and downregulation of VPS35 increased and decreased steady-state cell surface levels of DRD1 and phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) that are important dopamine signaling effectors, respectively. In addition, overexpression of VPS35 promoted cell surface recycling of endocytic DRD1. Furthermore, downregulation of VPS35 abolished dopamine-induced CREB/ERK phosphorylation. More importantly, although the PD-associated VPS35 mutant VPS35 (D620N) still interacted with DRD1, its expression did not affect cell surface recycling of DRD1 and phosphorylation of CREB/ERK nor rescue the reduction of CREB/ERK phosphorylation caused by VPS35 downregulation. These results demonstrate that VPS35 regulates DRD1 trafficking and DRD1-mediated dopamine signaling pathway, and that the PD-associated VPS35 (D620N) mutant loses such functions, providing a novel molecular mechanism underlying PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mengxi Niu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guojun Bu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qilin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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277
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Takatori S, Fujimoto T. A novel imaging method revealed phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate-rich domains in the endosome/lysosome membrane. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1145319. [PMID: 27195064 PMCID: PMC4857783 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1145319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a new method to observe distribution of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2] using electron microscopy. In freeze-fracture replicas of quick-frozen samples, PtdIns(3,5)P2 was labeled specifically using recombinant ATG18 tagged with glutathione S-transferase and 4×FLAG, which was mixed with an excess of recombinant PX domain to suppress binding of ATG18 to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Using this method, PtdIns(3,5)P2 was found to be enriched in limited domains in the yeast vacuole and mammalian endosomes. In the yeast vacuole exposed to hyperosmolar stress, PtdIns(3,5)P2 was distributed at a significantly higher density in the intramembrane particle (IMP)-deficient liquid-ordered domains than in the surrounding IMP-rich domains. In mammalian cells, PtdIns(3,5)P2 was observed in endosomes of tubulo-vesicular morphology labeled for RAB5 or RAB7. Notably, distribution density of PtdIns(3,5)P2 in the endosome was significantly higher in the vesicular portion than in the tubular portion. The nano-scale distribution of PtdIns(3,5)P2 revealed in the present study is important to understand its functional roles in the vacuole and endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takatori
- Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Fujimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
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278
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Paez Valencia J, Goodman K, Otegui MS. Endocytosis and Endosomal Trafficking in Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:309-35. [PMID: 27128466 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis and endosomal trafficking are essential processes in cells that control the dynamics and turnover of plasma membrane proteins, such as receptors, transporters, and cell wall biosynthetic enzymes. Plasma membrane proteins (cargo) are internalized by endocytosis through clathrin-dependent or clathrin-independent mechanism and delivered to early endosomes. From the endosomes, cargo proteins are recycled back to the plasma membrane via different pathways, which rely on small GTPases and the retromer complex. Proteins that are targeted for degradation through ubiquitination are sorted into endosomal vesicles by the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery for degradation in the vacuole. Endocytic and endosomal trafficking regulates many cellular, developmental, and physiological processes, including cellular polarization, hormone transport, metal ion homeostasis, cytokinesis, pathogen responses, and development. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that mediate the recognition and sorting of endocytic and endosomal cargos, the vesiculation processes that mediate their trafficking, and their connection to cellular and physiological responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Paez Valencia
- Department of Botany
- R.M. Bock Laboratories of Cell and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Kaija Goodman
- Department of Botany
- R.M. Bock Laboratories of Cell and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany
- R.M. Bock Laboratories of Cell and Molecular Biology, and
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; , ,
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279
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Liu JJ. Retromer-Mediated Protein Sorting and Vesicular Trafficking. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:165-77. [PMID: 27157806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Retromer is an evolutionarily conserved multimeric protein complex that mediates intracellular transport of various vesicular cargoes and functions in a wide variety of cellular processes including polarized trafficking, developmental signaling and lysosome biogenesis. Through its interaction with the Rab GTPases and their effectors, membrane lipids, molecular motors, the endocytic machinery and actin nucleation promoting factors, retromer regulates sorting and trafficking of transmembrane proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane. In this review, I highlight recent progress in the understanding of retromer-mediated protein sorting and vesicle trafficking and discuss how retromer contributes to a diverse set of developmental, physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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280
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FAM21 directs SNX27-retromer cargoes to the plasma membrane by preventing transport to the Golgi apparatus. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10939. [PMID: 26956659 PMCID: PMC4786876 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal network maintains cellular homeostasis by sorting, recycling and degrading endocytosed cargoes. Retromer organizes the endosomal sorting pathway in conjunction with various sorting nexin (SNX) proteins. The SNX27–retromer complex has recently been identified as a major endosomal hub that regulates endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling by preventing lysosomal entry of cargoes. Here, we show that SNX27 directly interacts with FAM21, which also binds retromer, within the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) complex. This interaction is required for the precise localization of SNX27 at an endosomal subdomain as well as for recycling of SNX27-retromer cargoes. Furthermore, FAM21 prevents cargo transport to the Golgi apparatus by controlling levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, which facilitates cargo dissociation at the Golgi. Together, our results demonstrate that the SNX27–retromer–WASH complex directs cargoes to the plasma membrane by blocking their transport to lysosomes and the Golgi. Endosomes maintain cellular homeostasis by sorting, recycling and degrading endocytosed cargoes. Here the authors show that the SNX27-retromer-WASH complex acts as a hub to direct cargoes to the plasma membrane by blocking their transport to lysosomes and Golgi apparatus.
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281
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Ueda N, Tomita T, Yanagisawa K, Kimura N. Retromer and Rab2-dependent trafficking mediate PS1 degradation by proteasomes in endocytic disturbance. J Neurochem 2016; 137:647-58. [PMID: 26896628 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that endocytic pathway deficits are involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Several reports show that endocytic disturbance affects β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) cleavage from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Presenilin-1 (PS1) is the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex required for Aβ generation. Previously, we showed that aging induces endocytic disturbance, resulting in the accumulation of Aβ and APP in enlarged endosomes. It remains unclear, however, whether PS1 localization and function are affected with endocytic disturbance. Here, we report that in endocytic disturbance, PS1 is transported from endosomes to ER/Golgi compartments via retromer trafficking, and that PS1 interacts with vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PS1 is degraded by proteasomes via a Rab2-dependent trafficking pathway, only during endocytic disturbance. These findings suggest that PS1 levels and localization in endosomes are regulated by retromer trafficking and ER-associated degradation system, even if endocytic disturbance significantly induces the endosomal accumulation of APP and β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1. Results of this study also suggest that retromer deficiency can affect PS1 localization in endosomes, where Aβ cleavage mainly occurs, possibly leading to enhanced Aβ pathology. We proposed the following mechanism for intracellular transport of presenilin-1 (PS1). When endosome/lysosome trafficking is disturbed, PS1 is transported from endosome to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi compartments via retromer and Rab2-mediated trafficking, and then degraded by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). Perturbations in this trafficking can cause abnormal endosomal accumulation of PS1, and then may lead to exacerbated Aβ pathology. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ueda
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Aichi, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanagisawa
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Aichi, Japan
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282
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Li C, Shah SZA, Zhao D, Yang L. Role of the Retromer Complex in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:42. [PMID: 26973516 PMCID: PMC4772447 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The retromer complex is a protein complex that plays a central role in endosomal trafficking. Retromer dysfunction has been linked to a growing number of neurological disorders. The process of intracellular trafficking and recycling is crucial for maintaining normal intracellular homeostasis, which is partly achieved through the activity of the retromer complex. The retromer complex plays a primary role in sorting endosomal cargo back to the cell surface for reuse, to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), or alternatively to specialized endomembrane compartments, in which the cargo is not subjected to lysosomal-mediated degradation. In most cases, the retromer acts as a core that interacts with associated proteins, including sorting nexin family member 27 (SNX27), members of the vacuolar protein sorting 10 (VPS10) receptor family, the major endosomal actin polymerization-promoting complex known as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and scar homolog (WASH), and other proteins. Some of the molecules carried by the retromer complex are risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. Defects such as haplo-insufficiency or mutations in one or several units of the retromer complex lead to various pathologies. Here, we summarize the molecular architecture of the retromer complex and the roles of this system in intracellular trafficking related the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosi Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
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283
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VPS26A-SNX27 Interaction-Dependent mGluR5 Recycling in Dorsal Horn Neurons Mediates Neuropathic Pain in Rats. J Neurosci 2016; 35:14943-55. [PMID: 26538661 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2587-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Retromer, which crucially contributes to endosomal sorting machinery through the retrieval and recycling of signaling receptors away from degradation, has been identified as a critical element for glutamatergic-receptor-dependent neural plasticity at excitatory synapses. We observed it accompanied by behavioral allodynia; neuropathic injury time-dependently enhanced VPS26A and SNX27 expression; VPS26A-SNX27 coprecipitation; and VPS26A-positive, SNX27-positive, and VPS26A-SNX27 double-labeled immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of Sprague Dawley rats that were all sufficiently ameliorated through the focal knock-down of spinal VPS26A expression. Although the knock-down of spinal SNX27 expression exhibited similar effects, spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-enhanced VPS26A expression remained unaffected. Moreover, SNL also increased membrane-bound and total mGluR5 abundance, VPS26A-bound SNX27 and mGluR5 and mGluR5-bound VPS26A and SNX27 coprecipitation, and mGluR5-positive and VPS26A/SNX27/mGluR5 triple-labeled immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn, and these effects were all attenuated through the focal knock-down of spinal VPS26A and SNX27 expression. Although administration with MPEP adequately ameliorated SNL-associated allodynia, mGluR5 expression, and membrane insertion, SNL-enhanced VPS26A and SNX27 expression were unaffected. Together, these results suggested a role of spinal VPS26A-SNX27-dependent mGluR5 recycling in the development of neuropathic pain. This is the first study that links retromer-associated sorting machinery with the spinal plasticity underlying pain hypersensitivity and proposes the possible pathophysiological relevance of endocytic recycling in pain pathophysiology through the modification of glutamatergic mGluR5 recycling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT VPS26A-SNX27-dependent mGluR5 recycling plays a role in the development of neuropathic pain. The regulation of the VPS26A-SNX27 interaction that modifies mGluR5 trafficking and expression in the dorsal horn provides a novel therapeutic strategy for pain relief.
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284
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Endocytic pathways and endosomal trafficking: a primer. Wien Med Wochenschr 2016; 166:196-204. [PMID: 26861668 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-016-0432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This brief overview of endocytic trafficking is written in honor of Renate Fuchs, who retires this year. In the mid-1980s, Renate pioneered studies on the ion-conducting properties of the recently discovered early and late endosomes and the mechanisms governing endosomal acidification. As described in this review, after uptake through one of many mechanistically distinct endocytic pathways, internalized proteins merge into a common early/sorting endosome. From there they again diverge along distinct sorting pathways, back to the cell surface, on to the trans-Golgi network or across polarized cells. Other transmembrane receptors are packaged into intraluminal vesicles of late endosomes/multivesicular bodies that eventually fuse with and deliver their content to lysosomes for degradation. Endosomal acidification, in part, determines sorting along this pathway. We describe other sorting machinery and mechanisms, as well as the rab proteins and phosphatidylinositol lipids that serve to dynamically define membrane compartments along the endocytic pathway.
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285
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Vergés M. Retromer in Polarized Protein Transport. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:129-79. [PMID: 26944621 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retromer is an evolutionary conserved protein complex required for endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of receptors for lysosomal hydrolases. It is constituted by a heterotrimer encoded by the vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) gene products Vps26, Vps35, and Vps29, which selects cargo, and a dimer of phosphoinositide-binding sorting nexins, which deforms the membrane. Recent progress in the mechanism of retromer assembly and functioning has strengthened the link between sorting at the endosome and cytoskeleton dynamics. Retromer is implicated in endosomal sorting of many cargos and plays an essential role in plant and animal development. Although it is best known for endosome sorting to the trans-Golgi network, it also intervenes in recycling to the plasma membrane. In polarized cells, such as epithelial cells and neurons, retromer may also be utilized for transcytosis and long-range transport. Considerable evidence implicates retromer in establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. That includes sorting of the apical polarity module Crumbs; regulation of retromer function by the basolateral polarity module Scribble; and retromer-dependent recycling of various cargoes to a certain surface domain, thus controlling polarized location and cell homeostasis. Importantly, altered retromer function has been linked to neurodegeneration, such as in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. This review will underline how alterations in retromer localization and function may affect polarized protein transport and polarity establishment, thereby causing developmental defects and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Vergés
- Cardiovascular Genetics Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Medical Sciences Department, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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286
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Yin P, Hong Z, Yang X, Chung RT, Zhang L. A role for retromer in hepatitis C virus replication. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:869-81. [PMID: 26298293 PMCID: PMC11108358 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected over 170 million people worldwide. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is the organelle-specific phosphoinositide enriched at sites of HCV replication. Whether retromer, a PI4P-related host transport machinery, unloads its cargo at HCV replication sites remains inconclusive. We sought to characterize the role of retromer in HCV replication. Here, we demonstrated the interaction between retromer subunit Vps35 and HCV NS5A protein by immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown. Vps35 colocalized with NS5A and PI4P in both OR6 replicon and JFH1 infected Huh 7.5.1 cells. HCV replication was inhibited upon silencing retromer subunits. CIMPR, a typical retromer cargo, participated in HCV replication. Our data suggest that retromer component Vps35 is recruited by NS5A to viral replication sites where PI4P unloads CIMPR. These findings demonstrate a dependence role of retromer in HCV replication and identify retromer as a potential therapeutic target against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Yin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhi Hong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Zheng W, Zhou J, He Y, Xie Q, Chen A, Zheng H, Shi L, Zhao X, Zhang C, Huang Q, Fang K, Lu G, Ebbole DJ, Li G, Naqvi NI, Wang Z. Retromer Is Essential for Autophagy-Dependent Plant Infection by the Rice Blast Fungus. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005704. [PMID: 26658729 PMCID: PMC4686016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The retromer mediates protein trafficking through recycling cargo from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in eukaryotes. However, the role of such trafficking events during pathogen-host interaction remains unclear. Here, we report that the cargo-recognition complex (MoVps35, MoVps26 and MoVps29) of the retromer is essential for appressorium-mediated host penetration by Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal pathogen of the blast disease in rice. Loss of retromer function blocked glycogen distribution and turnover of lipid bodies, delayed nuclear degeneration and reduced turgor during appressorial development. Cytological observation revealed dynamic MoVps35-GFP foci co-localized with autophagy-related protein RFP-MoAtg8 at the periphery of autolysosomes. Furthermore, RFP-MoAtg8 interacted with MoVps35-GFP in vivo, RFP-MoAtg8 was mislocalized to the vacuole and failed to recycle from the autolysosome in the absence of the retromer function, leading to impaired biogenesis of autophagosomes. We therefore conclude that retromer is essential for autophagy-dependent plant infection by the rice blast fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zheng
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunlong He
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ahai Chen
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huawei Zheng
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengkang Zhang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingping Huang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kunhai Fang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Daniel J. Ebbole
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Naweed I. Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (NIN); (ZW)
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (NIN); (ZW)
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288
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Takatori S, Tatematsu T, Cheng J, Matsumoto J, Akano T, Fujimoto T. Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-Bisphosphate-Rich Membrane Domains in Endosomes and Lysosomes. Traffic 2015; 17:154-67. [PMID: 26563567 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2 ) has critical functions in endosomes and lysosomes. We developed a method to define nanoscale distribution of PtdIns(3,5)P2 using freeze-fracture electron microscopy. GST-ATG18-4×FLAG was used to label PtdIns(3,5)P2 and its binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) was blocked by an excess of the p40(phox) PX domain. In yeast exposed to hyperosmotic stress, PtdIns(3,5)P2 was concentrated in intramembrane particle (IMP)-deficient domains in the vacuolar membrane, which made close contact with adjacent membranes. The IMP-deficient domain was also enriched with PtdIns(3)P, but was deficient in Vph1p, a liquid-disordered domain marker. In yeast lacking either PtdIns(3,5)P2 or its effector, Atg18p, the IMP-deficient, PtdIns(3)P-rich membranes were folded tightly to make abnormal tubular structures, thus showing where the vacuolar fragmentation process is arrested when PtdIns(3,5)P2 metabolism is defective. In HeLa cells, PtdIns(3,5)P2 was significantly enriched in the vesicular domain of RAB5- and RAB7-positive endosome/lysosomes of the tubulo-vesicular morphology. This biased distribution of PtdIns(3,5)P2 was also observed using fluorescence microscopy, which further showed enrichment of a retromer component, VPS35, in the tubular domain. This is the first report to show segregation of PtdIns(3,5)P2 -rich and -deficient domains in endosome/lysosomes, which should be important for endosome/lysosome functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takatori
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tsuyako Tatematsu
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jinglei Cheng
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jun Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takuya Akano
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Fujimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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289
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Parkinson's disease-associated mutant VPS35 causes mitochondrial dysfunction by recycling DLP1 complexes. Nat Med 2015; 22:54-63. [PMID: 26618722 PMCID: PMC4826611 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a critical step during the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and increasing evidence suggests abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and quality control as important underlying mechanisms. The VPS35 gene, which encodes a key component of the membrane protein-recycling retromer complex, is the third autosomal-dominant gene associated with PD. However, how VPS35 mutations lead to neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that PD-associated VPS35 mutations caused mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death in cultured neurons in vitro, in mouse substantia nigra neurons in vivo and in human fibroblasts from an individual with PD who has the VPS35(D620N) mutation. VPS35-induced mitochondrial deficits and neuronal dysfunction could be prevented by inhibition of mitochondrial fission. VPS35 mutants showed increased interaction with dynamin-like protein (DLP) 1, which enhanced turnover of the mitochondrial DLP1 complexes via the mitochondria-derived vesicle-dependent trafficking of the complexes to lysosomes for degradation. Notably, oxidative stress increased the VPS35-DLP1 interaction, which we also found to be increased in the brains of sporadic PD cases. These results revealed a novel cellular mechanism for the involvement of VPS35 in mitochondrial fission, dysregulation of which is probably involved in the pathogenesis of familial, and possibly sporadic, PD.
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290
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Abstract
The retromer complex is a multimeric protein complex involved in recycling proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane. It thus regulates the abundance and subcellular distribution of its cargo within cells. Studies using model organisms show that the retromer complex is involved in specific developmental processes. Moreover, a number of recent studies implicate aberrant retromer function in photoreceptor degeneration, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of retromer-mediated protein trafficking, highlighting key examples of retromer function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan Wang
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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291
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Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved endosomal retromer complex rescues transmembrane proteins from the lysosomal degradative pathway and facilitates their recycling to other cellular compartments. Retromer functions in conjunction with numerous associated proteins, including select members of the sorting nexin (SNX) family. In the present article, we review the molecular architecture and cellular roles of retromer and its various functional partners. The endosomal network is a crucial hub in the trafficking of proteins through the cellular endomembrane system. Transmembrane proteins, here termed cargos, enter endosomes by endocytosis from the plasma membrane or by trafficking from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Endosomal cargo proteins face one of the two fates: retention in the endosome, leading ultimately to lysosomal degradation or export from the endosome for reuse ('recycling'). The balance of protein degradation and recycling is crucial to cellular homoeostasis; inappropriate sorting of proteins to either fate leads to cellular dysfunction. Retromer is an endosome-membrane-associated protein complex central to the recycling of many cargo proteins from endosomes, both to the TGN and the plasma membrane (and other specialized compartments, e.g. lysosome-related organelles). Retromer function is reliant on a number of proteins from the SNX family. In the present article, we discuss this inter-relationship and how defects in retromer function are increasingly being linked with human disease.
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292
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Hu YB, Dammer EB, Ren RJ, Wang G. The endosomal-lysosomal system: from acidification and cargo sorting to neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2015; 4:18. [PMID: 26448863 PMCID: PMC4596472 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-015-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal-lysosomal system is made up of a set of intracellular membranous compartments that dynamically interconvert, which is comprised of early endosomes, recycling endosomes, late endosomes, and the lysosome. In addition, autophagosomes execute autophagy, which delivers intracellular contents to the lysosome. Maturation of endosomes and/or autophagosomes into a lysosome creates an unique acidic environment within the cell for proteolysis and recycling of unneeded cellular components into usable amino acids and other biomolecular building blocks. In the endocytic pathway, gradual maturation of endosomes into a lysosome and acidification of the late endosome are accompanied by vesicle trafficking, protein sorting and targeted degradation of some sorted cargo. Two opposing sorting systems are operating in these processes: the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) supports targeted degradation and the retromer supports retrograde retrieval of certain cargo. The endosomal-lysosomal system is emerging as a central player in a host of neurodegenerative diseases, demonstrating potential roles which are likely to be revealed in pathogenesis and for viable therapeutic strategies. Here we focus on the physiological process of endosomal-lysosomal maturation, acidification and sorting systems along the endocytic pathway, and further discuss relationships between abnormalities in the endosomal-lysosomal system and neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Ru-Jing Ren
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
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293
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Hao YH, Fountain MD, Fon Tacer K, Xia F, Bi W, Kang SHL, Patel A, Rosenfeld JA, Le Caignec C, Isidor B, Krantz ID, Noon SE, Pfotenhauer JP, Morgan TM, Moran R, Pedersen RC, Saenz MS, Schaaf CP, Potts PR. USP7 Acts as a Molecular Rheostat to Promote WASH-Dependent Endosomal Protein Recycling and Is Mutated in a Human Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Mol Cell 2015; 59:956-69. [PMID: 26365382 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal protein recycling is a fundamental cellular process important for cellular homeostasis, signaling, and fate determination that is implicated in several diseases. WASH is an actin-nucleating protein essential for this process, and its activity is controlled through K63-linked ubiquitination by the MAGE-L2-TRIM27 ubiquitin ligase. Here, we show that the USP7 deubiquitinating enzyme is an integral component of the MAGE-L2-TRIM27 ligase and is essential for WASH-mediated endosomal actin assembly and protein recycling. Mechanistically, USP7 acts as a molecular rheostat to precisely fine-tune endosomal F-actin levels by counteracting TRIM27 auto-ubiquitination/degradation and preventing overactivation of WASH through directly deubiquitinating it. Importantly, we identify de novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of USP7 in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder, featuring intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. These results provide unanticipated insights into endosomal trafficking, illuminate the cooperativity between an ubiquitin ligase and a deubiquitinating enzyme, and establish a role for USP7 in human neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Hao
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael D Fountain
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Klementina Fon Tacer
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sung-Hae L Kang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Ian D Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah E Noon
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean P Pfotenhauer
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Morgan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rocio Moran
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robert C Pedersen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Margarita S Saenz
- Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christian P Schaaf
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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294
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295
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Savas JN, Ribeiro LF, Wierda KD, Wright R, DeNardo-Wilke LA, Rice HC, Chamma I, Wang YZ, Zemla R, Lavallée-Adam M, Vennekens KM, O'Sullivan ML, Antonios JK, Hall EA, Thoumine O, Attie AD, Yates JR, Ghosh A, de Wit J. The Sorting Receptor SorCS1 Regulates Trafficking of Neurexin and AMPA Receptors. Neuron 2015; 87:764-80. [PMID: 26291160 PMCID: PMC4692362 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation, function, and plasticity of synapses require dynamic changes in synaptic receptor composition. Here, we identify the sorting receptor SorCS1 as a key regulator of synaptic receptor trafficking. Four independent proteomic analyses identify the synaptic adhesion molecule neurexin and the AMPA glutamate receptor (AMPAR) as major proteins sorted by SorCS1. SorCS1 localizes to early and recycling endosomes and regulates neurexin and AMPAR surface trafficking. Surface proteome analysis of SorCS1-deficient neurons shows decreased surface levels of these, and additional, receptors. Quantitative in vivo analysis of SorCS1-knockout synaptic proteomes identifies SorCS1 as a global trafficking regulator and reveals decreased levels of receptors regulating adhesion and neurotransmission, including neurexins and AMPARs. Consequently, glutamatergic transmission at SorCS1-deficient synapses is reduced due to impaired AMPAR surface expression. SORCS1 mutations have been associated with autism and Alzheimer disease, suggesting that perturbed receptor trafficking contributes to synaptic-composition and -function defects underlying synaptopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Luís F Ribeiro
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keimpe D Wierda
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Wright
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Laura A DeNardo-Wilke
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Heather C Rice
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Chamma
- UMR 5297, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yi-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Roland Zemla
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristel M Vennekens
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew L O'Sullivan
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph K Antonios
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Hall
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Olivier Thoumine
- UMR 5297, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Anirvan Ghosh
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Neuroscience Discovery, F. Hoffman-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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296
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Biryukov J, Meyers C. Papillomavirus Infectious Pathways: A Comparison of Systems. Viruses 2015; 7:4303-25. [PMID: 26247955 PMCID: PMC4576184 DOI: 10.3390/v7082823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HPV viral lifecycle is tightly linked to the host cell differentiation, causing difficulty in growing virions in culture. A system that bypasses the need for differentiating epithelium has allowed for generation of recombinant particles, such as virus-like particles (VLPs), pseudovirions (PsV), and quasivirions (QV). Much of the research looking at the HPV life cycle, infectivity, and structure has been generated utilizing recombinant particles. While recombinant particles have proven to be invaluable, allowing for a rapid progression of the HPV field, there are some significant differences between recombinant particles and native virions and very few comparative studies using native virions to confirm results are done. This review serves to address the conflicting data in the HPV field regarding native virions and recombinant particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Biryukov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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297
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Abstract
The retromer complex is an important component of the endosomal protein sorting machinery and mediates protein cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) by retrograde pathway or to the cell surface through recycling pathway. Studies show that retromer and its receptors can make amyloid precursor protein (APP)/β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) away endosomes that reduces the production of amyloid β (Aβ). And, tetramer is also found to regulate phagocytic receptors to the plasma membrane of microglia, where some phagocytic receptors take part in Aβ clearance. Therefore, disruption of retromer will increase the production of Aβ. Recently, a plausible relationship between disturbance of retromer and tauopathies is raised. Retromer dysfunction may result in decreasing the clearance of extracellular tau and the level of cathepsin D, which enables tau-induced neurotoxicity. This review article summarizes the structure and function of retromer and its role in pathogenesis of AD. In the end, retromer may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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298
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Gomez-Lamarca MJ, Snowdon LA, Seib E, Klein T, Bray SJ. Rme-8 depletion perturbs Notch recycling and predisposes to pathogenic signaling. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:303-18. [PMID: 26169355 PMCID: PMC4508892 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retromer-associated DNAJ protein Rme-8 is necessary for normal Notch recycling, and reductions in Rme-8 sensitize cells so that additional loss-of-sorting retromer or ESCRT-0 components have catastrophic effects. Notch signaling is a major regulator of cell fate, proliferation, and differentiation. Like other signaling pathways, its activity is strongly influenced by intracellular trafficking. Besides contributing to signal activation and down-regulation, differential fluxes between trafficking routes can cause aberrant Notch pathway activation. Investigating the function of the retromer-associated DNAJ protein Rme-8 in vivo, we demonstrate a critical role in regulating Notch receptor recycling. In the absence of Rme-8, Notch accumulated in enlarged tubulated Rab4-positive endosomes, and as a consequence, signaling was compromised. Strikingly, when the retromer component Vps26 was depleted at the same time, Notch no longer accumulated and instead was ectopically activated. Likewise, depletion of ESCRT-0 components Hrs or Stam in combination with Rme-8 also led to high levels of ectopic Notch activity. Together, these results highlight the importance of Rme-8 in coordinating normal endocytic recycling route and reveal that its absence predisposes toward conditions in which pathological Notch signaling can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Gomez-Lamarca
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, England, UK
| | - Laura A Snowdon
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, England, UK
| | - Ekatarina Seib
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah J Bray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, England, UK
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299
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Hierro A, Gershlick DC, Rojas AL, Bonifacino JS. Formation of Tubulovesicular Carriers from Endosomes and Their Fusion to the trans-Golgi Network. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 318:159-202. [PMID: 26315886 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endosomes undergo extensive spatiotemporal rearrangements as proteins and lipids flux through them in a series of fusion and fission events. These controlled changes enable the concentration of cargo for eventual degradation while ensuring the proper recycling of other components. A growing body of studies has now defined multiple recycling pathways from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) which differ in their molecular machineries. The recycling process requires specific sets of lipids, coats, adaptors, and accessory proteins that coordinate cargo selection with membrane deformation and its association with the cytoskeleton. Specific tethering factors and SNARE (SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) Receptor) complexes are then required for the docking and fusion with the acceptor membrane. Herein, we summarize some of the current knowledge of the machineries that govern the retrograde transport from endosomes to the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Hierro
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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300
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Damseh N, Danson CM, Al-Ashhab M, Abu-Libdeh B, Gallon M, Sharma K, Yaacov B, Coulthard E, Caldwell MA, Edvardson S, Cullen PJ, Elpeleg O. A defect in the retromer accessory protein, SNX27, manifests by infantile myoclonic epilepsy and neurodegeneration. Neurogenetics 2015; 16:215-221. [PMID: 25894286 PMCID: PMC4962907 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-015-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the neuronal cell surface dictates synaptic plasticity and thereby cognitive development. This remodeling of the synapses is governed by the endocytic network which internalize transmembrane proteins, then sort them back to the cell surface or carry them to the lysosome for degradation. The multi-protein retromer complex is central to this selection, capturing specific transmembrane proteins and remodeling the cell membrane to form isolated cargo-enriched transport carriers. We investigated a consanguineous family with four patients who presented in infancy with intractable myoclonic epilepsy and lack of psychomotor development. Using exome analysis, we identified a homozygous deleterious mutation in SNX27, which encodes sorting nexin 27, a retromer cargo adaptor. In western analysis of patient fibroblasts, the encoded mutant protein was expressed at an undetectable level when compared with a control sample. The patients' presentation and clinical course recapitulate that reported for the SNX27 knock-out mouse. Since the cargo proteins for SNX27-mediated sorting include subunits of ionotropic glutamate receptors and endosome-to-cell surface synaptic insertion of AMPA receptors is severely perturbed in SNX27(-/-) neurons, it is proposed that at least part of the neurological aberrations observed in the patients is attributed to defective sorting of ionotropic glutamate receptors. SNX27 deficiency is now added to the growing list of neurodegenerative disorders associated with retromer dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadirah Damseh
- Department of Pediatrics, Al-Makassed Islamic Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chris M. Danson
- The Henry Wellcome Integrated Signalling Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Motee Al-Ashhab
- Department of Pediatrics, Al-Makassed Islamic Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bassam Abu-Libdeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Al-Makassed Islamic Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matthew Gallon
- The Henry Wellcome Integrated Signalling Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kanchan Sharma
- ReMemBr Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol and North Bristol NHS Trust, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Barak Yaacov
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Coulthard
- ReMemBr Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol and North Bristol NHS Trust, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Maeve A. Caldwell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peter J. Cullen
- The Henry Wellcome Integrated Signalling Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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