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Song X, Zhao Y, Li T, Han B, Zhao P, Xu JW, Yu X. Enhancement of lipid accumulation in Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 by induction of strigolactone. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121607. [PMID: 31176945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of strigolactone (SL) on the biomass, lipid content, biochemical properties, and gene transcription of Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 were examined. The lipid content and lipid productivity increased by 61% and 55% in QLY-1 under 1 μM SL induction compared to the control group, respectively. SL also upregulated the levels of endogenous NO and Ca2+ and lipid biosynthesis gene transcription. Subsequently, the relationship between Ca2+ and nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of cell growth and lipid accumulation of QLY-1 under SL induction conditions was analysed. An increase in endogenous Ca2+ regulated cell growth and lipid biosynthesis by modulating the levels of NO and lipid biosynthesis-related gene expression. Collectively, this study provided a valuable approach for biofuel production from microalgae under SL induction and demonstrated that there is crucial crosstalk between the Ca2+ and NO signalling in the manipulation of lipid biosynthesis in microalgae under SL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Benyong Han
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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252
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Villaécija-Aguilar JA, Hamon-Josse M, Carbonnel S, Kretschmar A, Schmidt C, Dawid C, Bennett T, Gutjahr C. SMAX1/SMXL2 regulate root and root hair development downstream of KAI2-mediated signalling in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008327. [PMID: 31465451 PMCID: PMC6738646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Karrikins are smoke-derived compounds presumed to mimic endogenous signalling molecules (KAI2-ligand, KL), whose signalling pathway is closely related to that of strigolactones (SLs), important regulators of plant development. Both karrikins/KLs and SLs are perceived by closely related α/β hydrolase receptors (KAI2 and D14 respectively), and signalling through both receptors requires the F-box protein MAX2. Furthermore, both pathways trigger proteasome-mediated degradation of related SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) proteins, to influence development. It has previously been suggested in multiple studies that SLs are important regulators of root and root hair development in Arabidopsis, but these conclusions are based on phenotypes observed in the non-specific max2 mutants and by use of racemic-GR24, a mixture of stereoisomers that activates both D14 and KAI2 signalling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the majority of the effects on Arabidopsis root development previously attributed to SL signalling are actually mediated by the KAI2 signalling pathway. Using mutants defective in SL or KL synthesis and/or perception, we show that KAI2-mediated signalling alone regulates root hair density and root hair length as well as root skewing, straightness and diameter, while both KAI2 and D14 pathways regulate lateral root density and epidermal cell length. We test the key hypothesis that KAI2 signals by a non-canonical receptor-target mechanism in the context of root development. Our results provide no evidence for this, and we instead show that all effects of KAI2 in the root can be explained by canonical SMAX1/SMXL2 activity. However, we do find evidence for non-canonical GR24 ligand-receptor interactions in D14/KAI2-mediated root hair development. Overall, our results demonstrate that the KAI2 signalling pathway is an important new regulator of root hair and root development in Arabidopsis and lay an important basis for research into a molecular understanding of how very similar and partially overlapping hormone signalling pathways regulate different phenotypic outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Villaécija-Aguilar
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Maxime Hamon-Josse
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Samy Carbonnel
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Annika Kretschmar
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TB); (CG)
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- * E-mail: (TB); (CG)
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253
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Clarke CR, Timko MP, Yoder JI, Axtell MJ, Westwood JH. Molecular Dialog Between Parasitic Plants and Their Hosts. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:279-299. [PMID: 31226021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants steal sugars, water, and other nutrients from host plants through a haustorial connection. Several species of parasitic plants such as witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) are major biotic constraints to agricultural production. Parasitic plants are understudied compared with other major classes of plant pathogens, but the recent availability of genomic and transcriptomic data has accelerated the rate of discovery of the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant parasitism. Here, we review the current body of knowledge of how parasitic plants sense host plants, germinate, form parasitic haustorial connections, and suppress host plant immune responses. Additionally, we assess whether parasitic plants fit within the current paradigms used to understand the molecular mechanisms of microbial plant-pathogen interactions. Finally, we discuss challenges facing parasitic plant research and propose the most urgent questions that need to be answered to advance our understanding of plant parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Clarke
- Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - John I Yoder
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Michael J Axtell
- Department of Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - James H Westwood
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA;
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254
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Bouwmeester HJ, Fonne‐Pfister R, Screpanti C, De Mesmaeker A. Strigolactone: Pflanzenhormone mit vielversprechenden Eigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology group Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam Niederlande
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255
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Bouwmeester HJ, Fonne-Pfister R, Screpanti C, De Mesmaeker A. Strigolactones: Plant Hormones with Promising Features. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12778-12786. [PMID: 31282086 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Almost 80 years after the discovery of the first plant hormone, auxin, a few years ago a new class of plant hormones, the strigolactones, was discovered. These molecules have unprecedented biological activity in a number of highly important biological processes in plants but also outside the plant in the rhizosphere, the layer of soil surrounding the roots of plants and teeming with life. The exploitation of this amazing biological activity is not without challenges: the synthesis of strigolactones is complicated and designing the desired activity a difficult task. This minireview describes the current state of knowledge about the strigolactones and how synthetic analogs can be developed that can potentially contribute to the development of a sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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256
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Bari VK, Nassar JA, Kheredin SM, Gal-On A, Ron M, Britt A, Steele D, Yoder J, Aly R. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8 in tomato provides resistance against the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11438. [PMID: 31391538 PMCID: PMC6685993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Broomrapes (Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche spp.) are obligate plant parasites that cause extreme damage to crop plants. The parasite seeds have strict requirements for germination, involving preconditioning and exposure to specific chemicals strigolactones [SLs] exuded by the host roots. SLs are plant hormones derived from plant carotenoids via a pathway involving the Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 8 (CCD8). Having no effective means to control parasitic weeds in most crops, and with CRISPR/Cas9 being an effective gene-editing tool, here we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the CCD8 gene can be used to develop host resistance to the parasitic weed P. aegyptiaca. Cas9/single guide (sg) RNA constructs were targeted to the second exon of CCD8 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Several CCD8Cas9 mutated tomato lines with variable insertions or deletions in CCD8 were obtained with no identified off-targets. Genotype analysis of T1 plants showed that the introduced CCD8 mutations are inherited. Compared to control tomato plants, the CCD8Cas9 mutant had morphological changes that included dwarfing, excessive shoot branching and adventitious root formation. In addition, SL-deficient CCD8Cas9 mutants showed a significant reduction in parasite infestation compared to non-mutated tomato plants. In the CCD8Cas9 mutated lines, orobanchol (SL) content was significantly reduced but total carotenoids level and expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were increased, as compared to control plants. Taking into account, the impact of plant parasitic weeds on agriculture and difficulty to constitute efficient control methods, the current study offers insights into the development of a new, efficient method that could be combined with various collections of resistant tomato rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Bari
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Jackline Abu Nassar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Sally Marzouk Kheredin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Amit Gal-On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Mily Ron
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Anne Britt
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Daniel Steele
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - John Yoder
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Radi Aly
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel.
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257
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Müller LM, Harrison MJ. Phytohormones, miRNAs, and peptide signals integrate plant phosphorus status with arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:132-139. [PMID: 31212139 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Most land plant species engage in a beneficial interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in order to increase mineral nutrient acquisition, in particular the major macronutrient phosphorus (P). Initiation, development, and maintenance of the symbiosis are largely under the control of the host plant and strongly influenced by the plants' P status. Recent advances reveal that phytohormones, microRNAs, and secreted peptides all regulate and integrate development of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis with the P status of the plant. This occurs through a complex, multi-layered signaling network with crosstalk between phosphate (Pi) starvation signaling pathways and AM symbiosis signaling, and also via direct effects on the AM fungal symbiont. Multiple checkpoints allow the plant to fine-tune symbiosis based on its P status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Müller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Maria J Harrison
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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258
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Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a group of plant secondary metabolites, play an important role as a host recognition signal for symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the rhizosphere. SLs promote symbioses with other beneficial microbes, including root nodule bacteria. Root parasitic weeds also take advantage of SLs as a clue to locate living host roots. In plants, SLs function as plant hormones regulating various growth and developmental processes including shoot and root architectures. Plants under nutrient deficiencies, especially that of phosphate, promote SL production and exudation to attract symbionts and to optimize shoot and root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
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259
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Strigolactone promotes cytokinin degradation through transcriptional activation of CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 9 in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14319-14324. [PMID: 31235564 PMCID: PMC6628823 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810980116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactone plays a vital role in plant growth and development, but its response genes remain to be identified. In this study, we found that cytokinin content is markedly increased in the strigolactone signaling mutant d53, and that OsCKX9, which encodes a cytokinin oxidase to catalyze the degradation of cytokinin, functions as a primary strigolactone-responsive gene to regulate rice tillering, plant height, and panicle size, likely via a secondary response gene, OsRR5, which encodes a cytokinin-inducible rice type-A response regulator, demonstrating that strigolactone regulates rice shoot architecture through enhanced cytokinin catabolism by modulating OsCKX9 expression. Strigolactones (SLs), a group of terpenoid lactones derived from carotenoids, are plant hormones that control numerous aspects of plant development. Although the framework of SL signaling that the repressor DWARF 53 (D53) could be SL-dependently degraded via the SL receptor D14 and F-box protein D3 has been established, the downstream response genes to SLs remain to be elucidated. Here we show that the cytokinin (CK) content is dramatically increased in shoot bases of the rice SL signaling mutant d53. By examining transcript levels of all the CK metabolism-related genes after treatment with SL analog GR24, we identified CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 9 (OsCKX9) as a primary response gene significantly up-regulated within 1 h of treatment in the wild type but not in d53. We also found that OsCKX9 functions as a cytosolic and nuclear dual-localized CK catabolic enzyme, and that the overexpression of OsCKX9 suppresses the browning of d53 calli. Both the CRISPR/Cas9-generated OsCKX9 mutants and OsCKX9-overexpressing transgenic plants showed significant increases in tiller number and decreases in plant height and panicle size, suggesting that the homeostasis of OsCKX9 plays a critical role in regulating rice shoot architecture. Moreover, we identified the CK-inducible rice type-A response regulator OsRR5 as the secondary SL-responsive gene, whose expression is significantly repressed after 4 h of GR24 treatment in the wild type but not in osckx9. These findings reveal a comprehensive plant hormone cross-talk in which SL can induce the expression of OsCKX9 to down-regulate CK content, which in turn triggers the response of downstream genes.
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260
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Ramírez V, Pauly M. Genetic dissection of cell wall defects and the strigolactone pathway in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00149. [PMID: 31245785 PMCID: PMC6589044 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the biosynthesis and/or deposition of secondary plant cell wall polymers result in the collapse of xylem vessels causing a dwarfed plant stature and an altered plant architecture termed irregular xylem (irx) syndrome. For example, reduced xylan O-acetylation causes strong developmental defects and increased freezing tolerance. Recently, we demonstrated that the irx syndrome in the trichome birefringence-like 29/eskimo1 (tbl29/esk1) mutant is dependent on MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 4 (MAX4), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone strigolactone (SL). In this report, we show that other xylan- and cellulose-deficient secondary wall mutants exhibit increased freezing tolerance correlated with the irx syndrome. In addition, these phenotypes are also dependent on MAX4, suggesting a more general interaction between secondary wall defects and SL biosynthesis. In contrast, MAX4 does not play a role in developmental defects triggered by primary wall deficiencies, suggesting that the interaction is restricted to vascular tissue. Through a reverse genetics approach, the requirement of different components of the SL pathway impacting the irx syndrome in tbl29 was evaluated. Our results show that the tbl29-associated irx phenotypes are dependent on the MAX3 and MAX4 enzymes, involved in the early steps of SL biosynthesis. In contrast, this signaling is independent on downstream enzymes in the biosynthesis and perception of SL such as MAX1 and MAX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ramírez
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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261
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Swarbreck SM, Guerringue Y, Matthus E, Jamieson FJC, Davies JM. Impairment in karrikin but not strigolactone sensing enhances root skewing in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:607-621. [PMID: 30659713 PMCID: PMC6563046 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Roots form highly complex systems varying in growth direction and branching pattern to forage for nutrients efficiently. Here mutations in the KAI2 (KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE) α/β-fold hydrolase and the MAX2 (MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2) F-box leucine-rich protein, which together perceive karrikins (smoke-derived butenolides), caused alteration in root skewing in Arabidopsis thaliana. This phenotype was independent of endogenous strigolactones perception by the D14 α/β-fold hydrolase and MAX2. Thus, KAI2/MAX2 effect on root growth may be through the perception of endogenous KAI2-ligands (KLs), which have yet to be identified. Upon perception of a ligand, a KAI2/MAX2 complex is formed together with additional target proteins before ubiquitination and degradation through the 26S proteasome. Using a genetic approach, we show that SMAX1 (SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-1)/SMXL2 and SMXL6,7,8 (SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-1-LIKE) are also likely degradation targets for the KAI2/MAX2 complex in the context of root skewing. In A. thaliana therefore, KAI2 and MAX2 act to limit root skewing, while kai2's gravitropic and mechano-sensing responses remained largely unaffected. Many proteins are involved in root skewing, and we investigated the link between MAX2 and two members of the SKS/SKU family. Though KLs are yet to be identified in plants, our data support the hypothesis that they are present and can affect root skewing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannick Guerringue
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
- ENS de Lyon ‐ Site MonodLyon69007France
| | - Elsa Matthus
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Fiona J. C. Jamieson
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
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262
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Van Overtveldt M, Braem L, Struk S, Kaczmarek AM, Boyer FD, Van Deun R, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S, Heugebaert TSA, Stevens CV. Design and visualization of second-generation cyanoisoindole-based fluorescent strigolactone analogs. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:165-180. [PMID: 30552776 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a family of terpenoid allelochemicals that were recognized as plant hormones only a decade ago. They influence a myriad of both above- and below-ground developmental processes, and are an important survival strategy for plants in nutrient-deprived soils. A rapidly emerging approach to gain knowledge on hormone signaling is the use of traceable analogs. A unique class of labeled SL analogs was constructed, in which the original tricyclic lactone moiety of natural SLs is replaced by a fluorescent cyanoisoindole ring system. Biological evaluation as parasitic seed germination stimulant and hypocotyl elongation repressor proved the potency of the cyanoisoindole strigolactone analogs (CISAs) to be comparable to the commonly accepted standard GR24. Additionally, via a SMXL6 protein degradation assay, we provided molecular evidence that the compounds elicit SL-like responses through the natural signaling cascade. All CISAs were shown to exhibit fluorescent properties, and the high quantum yield and Stokes shift of the pyrroloindole derivative CISA-7 also enabled in vivo visualization in plants. In contrast to the previously reported fluorescent analogs, CISA-7 displays a large similarity in shape and structure with natural SLs, which renders the analog a promising tracer to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of SLs in plants and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Van Overtveldt
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Campus Coupure, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rik Van Deun
- Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas S A Heugebaert
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Campus Coupure, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Campus Coupure, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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263
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Luo L, Takahashi M, Kameoka H, Qin R, Shiga T, Kanno Y, Seo M, Ito M, Xu G, Kyozuka J. Developmental analysis of the early steps in strigolactone-mediated axillary bud dormancy in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:1006-1021. [PMID: 30740793 PMCID: PMC6850044 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
By contrast with rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms of biosynthesis and signaling of strigolactone (SL), mechanisms by which SL inhibits axillary bud outgrowth are less well understood. We established a rice (Oryza sativa L.) hydroponic culture system to observe axillary buds at the critical point when the buds enter the dormant state. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that cell division stops in the leaf primordia of the buds entering dormancy. We compared transcriptomes in the axillary buds isolated by laser capture microdissection before and after entering the dormant state and identified genes that are specifically upregulated or downregulated in dormant buds respectively, in SL-mediated axillary bud dormancy. Typically, cell cycle genes and ribosomal genes are included among the active genes while abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible genes are among the dormant genes. Application of ABA to the hydroponic culture suppressed the growth of axillary buds of SL mutants to the same level as wild-type (WT) buds. Tiller number was decreased in the transgenic lines overexpressing OsNCED1, the gene that encodes ABA biosynthesis enzyme. These results indicated that the main site of SL function is the leaf primordia in the axillary bud and that ABA is involved in SL-mediated axillary bud dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoYayoi, BunkyoTokyo113‐8657Japan
| | - Megumu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoYayoi, BunkyoTokyo113‐8657Japan
- Present address:
Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture ScienceNAROTsukuba305‐8519Japan
| | - Hiromu Kameoka
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoYayoi, BunkyoTokyo113‐8657Japan
- Present address:
Division of Symbiotic SystemsNational Institute for Basic Biology38 Nishigonaka, MyodaijiOkazakiAichi444‐8585Japan
| | - Ruyi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Toshihide Shiga
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversityKatahira 2‐1‐1, Aoba‐kuSendai980‐8577Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoya464‐8601Japan
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoYayoi, BunkyoTokyo113‐8657Japan
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversityKatahira 2‐1‐1, Aoba‐kuSendai980‐8577Japan
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264
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Barbier FF, Dun EA, Kerr SC, Chabikwa TG, Beveridge CA. An Update on the Signals Controlling Shoot Branching. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:220-236. [PMID: 30797425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many new questions on the regulation of shoot branching have been raised in recent years, prompting a review and reassessment of the role of each signal involved. Sugars and their signaling networks have been attributed a major role in the early events of axillary bud outgrowth, whereas cytokinin appears to play a critical role in the modulation of this process in response to the environment. Perception of the recently discovered hormone strigolactone is now quite well understood, while the downstream targets remain largely unknown. Recent literature has highlighted that auxin export from a bud is important for its subsequent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois F Barbier
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; These authors contributed equally to this publication
| | - Stephanie C Kerr
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; These authors contributed equally to this publication
| | - Tinashe G Chabikwa
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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265
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Shaaf S, Bretani G, Biswas A, Fontana IM, Rossini L. Genetics of barley tiller and leaf development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:226-256. [PMID: 30548413 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In cereals, tillering and leaf development are key factors in the concept of crop ideotype, introduced in the 1960s to enhance crop yield, via manipulation of plant architecture. In the present review, we discuss advances in genetic analysis of barley shoot architecture, focusing on tillering, leaf size and angle. We also discuss novel phenotyping techniques, such as 2D and 3D imaging, that have been introduced in the era of phenomics, facilitating reliable trait measurement. We discuss the identification of genes and pathways that are involved in barley tillering and leaf development, highlighting key hormones involved in the control of plant architecture in barley and rice. Knowledge on genetic control of traits related to plant architecture provides useful resources for designing ideotypes for enhanced barley yield and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Shaaf
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Abhisek Biswas
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Rossini
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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266
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Kolbert Z. Strigolactone-nitric oxide interplay in plants: The story has just begun. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:487-497. [PMID: 29479710 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Both strigolactones (SLs) and nitric oxide (NO) are regulatory signals with diverse roles during plant development and stress responses. This review aims to discuss the so far available data regarding SLs-NO interplay in plant systems. The majority of the few articles dealing with SL-NO interplay focuses on the root system and it seems that NO can be an upstream negative regulator of SL biosynthesis or an upstream positive regulator of SL signaling depending on the nutrient supply. From the so far published results it is clear that NO modifies the activity of target proteins involved in SL biosynthesis or signaling which may be a physiologically relevant interaction. Therefore, in silico analysis of NO-dependent posttranslational modifications in SL-related proteins was performed using computational prediction tools and putative NO-target proteins were specified. The picture is presumably more complicated, since also SL is able to modify NO levels. As a confirmation, author detected NO levels in different organs of max1-1 and max2-1 Arabidopsis and compared to the wild-type these mutants showed enhanced NO levels in their root tips indicating the negative effect of endogenous SLs on NO metabolism. Exogenous SL analogue-triggered NO production seems to contradict the results of the genetic study, which is an inconsistency should be taken into consideration in the future. In the coming years, the link between SL and NO signaling in further physiological processes should be examined and the possibilities of NO-dependent posttranslational modifications of SL biosynthetic and signaling proteins should be looked more closely.
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267
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Xu X, Fang P, Zhang H, Chi C, Song L, Xia X, Shi K, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Yu J. Strigolactones positively regulate defense against root-knot nematodes in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1325-1337. [PMID: 30576511 PMCID: PMC6382333 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that are known to influence various aspects of plant growth and development. As root-derived signals, SLs can enhance symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, little is known about the roles of SLs in plant defense against soil-borne pathogens. Here, we determined that infection with root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne incognita) induced SL biosynthesis in roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Silencing of SL biosynthesis genes compromised plant defense against RKNs, whilst application of the SL analog racGR24 enhanced it. Accumulation of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the roots in response to RKN infection was enhanced by silencing of SL biosynthetic genes and was suppressed by application of racGR24. Genetic evidence showed that JA was a positive regulator of defense against RKNs while ABA was a negative regulator. In addition, racGR24 enhanced the defense against nematode in a JA-deficient mutant but not in an ABA-deficient mutant. Silencing of SL biosynthetic genes resulted in up-regulation of MYC2, which negatively regulated defense against RKNs. Our results demonstrate that SLs play a positive role in nematode defense in tomato and that MYC2 negatively regulates this defense, potentially by mediating hormone crosstalk among SLs, ABA and JA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liuxia Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Correspondence:
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268
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Wang Q, Ni J, Shah F, Liu W, Wang D, Yao Y, Hu H, Huang S, Hou J, Fu S, Wu L. Overexpression of the Stress-Inducible SsMAX2 Promotes Drought and Salt Resistance via the Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040837. [PMID: 30781340 PMCID: PMC6412474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that strigolactones (SLs) also participate in the regulation of stress adaptation; however, the regulatory mechanism remains elusive. In this study, the homolog of More Axillary Branches 2, which encodes a key component in SL signaling, in the perennial oil plant Sapium sebiferum was identified and functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the expression of SsMAX2 in S. sebiferum seedlings was stress-responsive, and SsMAX2 overexpression (OE) in Arabidopsis significantly promoted resistance to drought, osmotic, and salt stresses. Moreover, SsMAX2 OE lines exhibited decreased chlorophyll degradation, increased soluble sugar and proline accumulation, and lower water loss ratio in response to the stresses. Importantly, anthocyanin biosynthesis and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were enhanced in the SsMAX2 OE lines, which further led to a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide levels. Additionally, the SsMAX2 OE lines exhibited higher expression level of several abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes, suggesting potential interactions between SL and ABA in the regulation of stress adaptation. Overall, we provide physiological and biochemical evidence demonstrating the pivotal role of SsMAX2 in the regulation of osmotic, drought, and salt stress resistance and show that MAX2 can be a genetic target to improve stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojian Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Faheem Shah
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Shengwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Jinyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Songling Fu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China.
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269
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Wu H, Li H, Chen H, Qi Q, Ding Q, Xue J, Ding J, Jiang X, Hou X, Li Y. Identification and expression analysis of strigolactone biosynthetic and signaling genes reveal strigolactones are involved in fruit development of the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:73. [PMID: 30764758 PMCID: PMC6376702 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and ripening of fresh fruits is an important trait for agricultural production and fundamental research. Almost all plant hormones participate in this process. Strigolactones (SLs) are a new class of plant hormones that regulate plant organ development and stress tolerance, but little is known about their roles in fruit development. RESULTS In this study, we identified SL biosynthetic and signaling genes in woodland strawberry, a typical non-climacteric fruit, and analyzed the expression patterns of these genes in different plant tissues and developing fruits. One D27, two MAX1, and one LBO gene were identified as involved in SL biosynthesis, and one D14, one D3, and two D53 genes as related to SL signaling. The proteins encoded by these genes had similar motifs as SL biosynthetic and signaling proteins in rice and Arabidopsis. The genes had different expression levels in the root, stem, leaf, and petiole of woodland strawberry. In addition, the expression of most SL biosynthetic genes was high in developing carpel, anther, and style, while that of SL signaling genes was high in carpel and style, but low in anther, suggesting active SL biosynthesis and signaling in the developing carpel and style. Notably, the expression of SL biosynthetic and signaling genes was significantly increased in the receptacle after pollination and decreased during receptacle development. Moreover, low or no expression of these genes was detected in ripening fruits. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SLs play a role in the early stages of woodland strawberry fruit development. Our findings provide insight into the function of SLs and will facilitate further study of the regulation by SLs of fresh fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Present address: Fuyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuyang, 236065 China
| | - Hong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Qi Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Qiangqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Juan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
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270
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Wang M, Le Moigne MA, Bertheloot J, Crespel L, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Demotes-Mainard S, Hamama L, Davière JM, Sakr S. BRANCHED1: A Key Hub of Shoot Branching. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:76. [PMID: 30809235 PMCID: PMC6379311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a key process for plant growth and fitness. Newly produced axes result from axillary bud outgrowth, which is at least partly mediated through the regulation of BRANCHED1 gene expression (BRC1/TB1/FC1). BRC1 encodes a pivotal bud-outgrowth-inhibiting transcription factor belonging to the TCP family. As the regulation of BRC1 expression is a hub for many shoot-branching-related mechanisms, it is influenced by endogenous (phytohormones and nutrients) and exogenous (light) inputs, which involve so-far only partly identified molecular networks. This review highlights the central role of BRC1 in shoot branching and its responsiveness to different stimuli, and emphasizes the different knowledge gaps that should be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Marie-Anne Le Moigne
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jessica Bertheloot
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Laurent Crespel
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sabine Demotes-Mainard
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
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271
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Hagihara S, Yamada R, Itami K, Torii KU. Dissecting plant hormone signaling with synthetic molecules: perspective from the chemists. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:32-37. [PMID: 30248557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic molecules can be powerful tools to overcome the limitations of the biological approaches. Especially redundancy, lethality, and intractability of the target genes, which often hamper the progress of plant science, could be bypassed by elaborately designed small molecules. In this review, we discuss how synthetic chemistry can contribute to increasing our understanding of plant hormone signaling. Specific focus will be on the visualization and hijacking of hormone signaling with novel synthetic chemicals, with emphasis on perception of ABA, strigolactones, and auxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hagihara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; PRESTO, JST, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Yamada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
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272
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Banerjee A, Tripathi DK, Roychoudhury A. The karrikin 'calisthenics': Can compounds derived from smoke help in stress tolerance? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:290-302. [PMID: 30203518 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs) are unique butenolides derived as a by-product of incomplete combustion during wildfire. Some receptive plant species respond to KARs in the form of accelerated germination. These molecules originate from stress to mediate tolerance against different sub-optimal conditions like oxidative stress, drought and low-light intensity (shade stress). KARs promote seed germination, seedling establishment and ecological diversity by accelerating the abundance of selective communities of plants. The signaling pathway is closely related, yet unique from strigolactones (SLs). Due to the structural relatedness with SLs, KARs have potential roles in mediating abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In addition, the KAR directly/indirectly interact with crucial phytohormones like abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, auxins and ethylene. This article is a summarized update on KAR research in recent times. The exhaustive discussions would be beneficial for understanding the extraordinary strategy devised by nature to protect plants from stress using a molecule which is itself generated out of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh-201313, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
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273
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Bowman JL, Briginshaw LN, Fisher TJ, Flores-Sandoval E. Something ancient and something neofunctionalized-evolution of land plant hormone signaling pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:64-72. [PMID: 30339930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of land plants from a charophycean algal ancestor was accompanied by an increased diversity of regulatory networks, including signaling pathways mediating cellular communication within plants and between plants and the environment. Canonical land plant hormone signaling pathways were originally identified in angiosperms, and comparative studies in basal taxa show that they have been assembled from both ancient and newly evolved components, both before and during land plant evolution. In this review we present our current understanding, and highlight several uncertainties, of the evolution of hormone signaling pathways, focusing on the biosynthetic pathways generating putative ligands and the downstream perception and signaling pathways often leading to transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Liam N Briginshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tom J Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Waters MT. Spoilt for Choice: New Options for Inhibitors of Strigolactone Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:21-23. [PMID: 30513350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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275
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Nakamura H, Hirabayashi K, Miyakawa T, Kikuzato K, Hu W, Xu Y, Jiang K, Takahashi I, Niiyama R, Dohmae N, Tanokura M, Asami T. Triazole Ureas Covalently Bind to Strigolactone Receptor and Antagonize Strigolactone Responses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:44-58. [PMID: 30391752 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, a class of plant hormones with multiple functions, mediate plant-plant and plant-microorganism communications in the rhizosphere. In this study, we developed potent strigolactone antagonists, which covalently bind to the strigolactone receptor D14, by preparing an array of triazole urea compounds. Using yeast two-hybrid and rice-tillering assays, we identified a triazole urea compound KK094 as a potent inhibitor of strigolactone receptors. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and X-ray crystallography revealed that KK094 was hydrolyzed by D14, and that a reaction product of this degradation covalently binds to the Ser residue of the catalytic triad of D14. Furthermore, we identified two triazole urea compounds KK052 and KK073, whose effects on D14-D53/D14-SLR1 complex formation were opposite due to the absence (KK052) or presence (KK073) of a trifluoromethyl group on their phenyl ring. These results demonstrate that triazole urea compounds are potentially powerful tools for agricultural application and may be useful for the elucidation of the complicated mechanism underlying strigolactone perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kei Hirabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ko Kikuzato
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wenqian Hu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuqun Xu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kai Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ruri Niiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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276
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Xie X, Mori N, Yoneyama K, Nomura T, Uchida K, Yoneyama K, Akiyama K. Lotuslactone, a non-canonical strigolactone from Lotus japonicus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:200-205. [PMID: 30439621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Root exudates from Lotus japonicus were found to contain at least three different hyphal branching-inducing compounds for the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Gigaspora margarita, one of which had been previously identified as (+)-5-deoxystrigol (5DS), a canonical strigolactone (SL). One of the two remaining unknown hyphal branching inducers was purified and named lotuslactone. Its structure was determined as methyl (E)-2-(3-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazulen-2-yl)-3-(((R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)acrylate, by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and HR-ESI- and EI-MS. Although lotuslactone, a non-canonical SL, contains the AB-ring and the enol ether-bridged D-ring, it lacks the C-ring and has a seven-membered cycloheptadiene in the A-ring part as in medicaol, a major SL of Medicago truncatula. Lotuslactone was much less active than 5DS, but showed comparable activity to methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA) in inducing hyphal branching of G. margarita. Other natural non-canonical SLs including avenaol, heliolactone, and zealactone (methyl zealactonoate) were also found to be moderate to weak inducers of hyphal branching in the AM fungus. Lotuslactone strongly elicited seed germination in Phelipanche ramosa and Orobanche minor, but Striga hermonthica seeds were 100-fold less sensitive to this stimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Narumi Mori
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Kaori Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Uchida
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan; Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center of Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan.
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Kohki Akiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0112, Japan.
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277
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Fiorilli V, Wang JY, Bonfante P, Lanfranco L, Al-Babili S. Apocarotenoids: Old and New Mediators of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31611899 PMCID: PMC6776609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize hormones and other small molecules to trigger and coordinate their growth and developmental processes, adapt and respond to environmental cues, and communicate with surrounding organisms. Some of these molecules originate from carotenoids that act as universal precursors of bioactive metabolites arising through oxidation of the carotenoid backbone. This metabolic conversion produces a large set of compounds known as apocarotenoids, which includes the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs) and different signaling molecules. An increasing body of evidence suggests a crucial role of previously identified and recently discovered carotenoid-derived metabolites in the communication with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the establishment of the corresponding symbiosis, which is one of the most relevant plant-fungus mutualistic interactions in nature. In this review, we provide an update on the function of apocarotenoid hormones and regulatory metabolites in AM symbiosis, highlighting their effect on both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Luisa Lanfranco, ; Salim Al-Babili,
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Luisa Lanfranco, ; Salim Al-Babili,
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278
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Lakehal A, Bellini C. Control of adventitious root formation: insights into synergistic and antagonistic hormonal interactions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:90-100. [PMID: 30159890 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated root systems that help them to cope with harsh environmental conditions. They are typically composed of a primary root and lateral roots (LRs), but may also include adventitious roots (ARs). Unlike LRs, ARs may be initiated not only from pericycle cells, but from various cell types and tissues depending on the species. Phytohormones, together with many other internal and external stimuli, coordinate and guide every step of AR formation from the first event of cell reprogramming until emergence and outgrowth. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the molecular mechanisms controlling AR formation and highlight the main hormonal cross talk involved in its regulation under different conditions and in different model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Lakehal
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, University of Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
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279
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Jamil M, Kountche B, Haider I, Wang J, Aldossary F, Zarban R, Jia KP, Yonli D, Shahul Hameed U, Takahashi I, Ota T, Arold S, Asami T, Al-Babili S. Methylation at the C-3' in D-Ring of Strigolactone Analogs Reduces Biological Activity in Root Parasitic Plants and Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:353. [PMID: 31001294 PMCID: PMC6455008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) regulate plant development and induce seed germination in obligate root parasitic weeds, e.g. Striga spp. Because organic synthesis of natural SLs is laborious, there is a large need for easy-to-synthesize and efficient analogs. Here, we investigated the effect of a structural modification of the D-ring, a conserved structural element in SLs. We synthesized and investigated the activity of two analogs, MP13 and MP26, which differ from previously published AR8 and AR36 only in the absence of methylation at C-3'. The de-methylated MP13 and MP26 were much more efficient in regulating plant development and inducing Striga seed germination, compared with AR8. Hydrolysis assays performed with purified Striga SL receptor and docking of AR8 and MP13 to the corresponding active site confirmed and explained the higher activity. Field trials performed in a naturally Striga-infested African farmer's field unraveled MP13 as a promising candidate for combating Striga by inducing germination in host's absence. Our findings demonstrate that methylation of the C-3' in D-ring in SL analogs has a negative impact on their activity and identify MP13 and, particularly, MP26 as potent SL analogs with simple structures, which can be employed to control Striga, a major threat to global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A. Kountche
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Haider
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Aldossary
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa A. Zarban
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Djibril Yonli
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Umar F. Shahul Hameed
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ota
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Salim Al-Babili,
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280
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Abstract
A potent stimulant induces parasitic plant germination that causes it to die
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Affiliation(s)
- Harro Bouwmeester
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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281
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Lanfranco L, Fiorilli V, Gutjahr C. Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1031-1046. [PMID: 29806959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant-fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041 SUMMARY: The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine-tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N-acetylglucosamine-derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre-contact stage. Remarkably, N-acetylglucosamine-based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF- or host plant-specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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282
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Bonfante P. The future has roots in the past: the ideas and scientists that shaped mycorrhizal research. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:982-995. [PMID: 30160311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 982 I. Introduction 982 II. The portraits of our ancestors: a gallery of ideas from more than 100 years of mycorrhizal research 983 III. Mycorrhizal fungi in the 'omics' era: first puzzle, how to name mycorrhizal fungi 985 IV. Signalling: a central question of our time? 987 V. The colonization process: how cellular studies predicted future 'omics' data 989 VI. The genetics underlying colonization events 991 VII. Concluding thoughts: chance and needs in mycorrhizal symbioses 992 Acknowledgements 992 References 992 SUMMARY: Our knowledge of mycorrhizas dates back to at least 150 years ago, when the plant pathologists A. B. Frank and G. Gibelli described the surprisingly morphology of forest tree roots surrounded by a fungal mantle. Compared with this history, our molecular study of mycorrhizas remains a young science. To trace the history of mycorrhizal research, from its roots in the distant past, to the present and the future, this review outlines a few topics that were already central in the 19th century and were seminal in revealing the biological meaning of mycorrhizal associations. These include investigations of nutrient exchange between partners, plant responses to mycorrhizal fungi, and the identity and evolution of mycorrhizal symbionts as just a few examples of how the most recent molecular studies of mycorrhizal biology sprouted from the roots of past research. In addition to clarifying the ecological role of mycorrhizas, some of the recent results have changed the perception of the relevance of mycorrhizas in the scientific community, and in the whole of society. Looking to past knowledge while foreseeing strategies for the next steps can help us catch a glimpse of the future of mycorrhizal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
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283
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Kountche BA, Novero M, Jamil M, Asami T, Bonfante P, Al-Babili S. Effect of the strigolactone analogs methyl phenlactonoates on spore germination and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00936. [PMID: 30519652 PMCID: PMC6260433 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a novel class of plant hormones, are key regulator of plant architecture and mediator of biotic interactions in the rhizosphere. Root-released SLs initiate the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis by inducing spore germination and hyphal branching in AM fungi (AMF). However, these compounds also trigger the germination of root parasitic weeds, paving the way for deleterious infestation. Availability of SLs is required for investigating of their functions and also for application in agriculture. However, natural SLs are difficult to synthesize due to their complex structure and cannot be isolated at large scale, as they are released at very low concentrations. Therefore, there is a need for synthetic SL analogs. Recently, we reported on the development of simple SL analogs, methyl phenlactonoates (MPs), which show high SL activity in plants. Here, we investigate the effect of MP1, MP3 and the widely used SL-analog GR24 on AMF spore germination and host root colonization. Our results show that MP1 and MP3 inhibit AMF spore germination, but promote the intra-radical root colonization, both more efficiently than GR24. These results indicate that field application of MP1 and MP3 does not have negative impact on mycorrhizal fungi. In conclusion, our data together with the previously reported simple synthesis, high activity in regulating plant architecture and inducing Striga seed germination, demonstrate the utility of MP1 and MP3 as for field application in combating root parasitic weeds by inducing germination in host's absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boubacar A Kountche
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mara Novero
- University of Turin, Life Sciences and Systems Biology Department, Italy
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Paola Bonfante
- University of Turin, Life Sciences and Systems Biology Department, Italy
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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284
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Structural plasticity of D3-D14 ubiquitin ligase in strigolactone signalling. Nature 2018; 563:652-656. [PMID: 30464344 PMCID: PMC6265067 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The plant hormone strigolactones (SLs) regulate many aspects of plant physiology. In shoot branching inhibition, the SL-metabolizing α/β hydrolase D14 interacts with the F-box protein D3 to ubiquitinate and degrade the transcription repressor D53. Despite multiple modes of D14-SL interactions determined recently, how the hydrolase functions with D3 to mediate hormone-dependent D53 ubiquitination remains elusive. Here we show that D3 features a C-terminal α-helix (CTH), which can switch between two conformational states. Distinct from its engaged form, which facilitate the binding of D3 and D14 with a hydrolyzed SL intermediate, the dislodged D3 CTH can recognize unmodified D14 in an open conformation and inhibits its enzymatic activity. In an SL-dependent manner, the D3 CTH enables D14 to recruit D53, which in turn activates the hydrolase. By unraveling an unexpected structural plasticity in SCFD3-D14 ubiquitin ligase, our results suggest an intricate mechanism by which the E3 coordinates SL signaling and metabolism.
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285
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Shabek N, Ticchiarelli F, Mao H, Hinds TR, Leyser O, Zheng N. Structural plasticity of D3-D14 ubiquitin ligase in strigolactone signalling. Nature 2018. [PMID: 30464344 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0743-745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The strigolactones, a class of plant hormones, regulate many aspects of plant physiology. In the inhibition of shoot branching, the α/β hydrolase D14-which metabolizes strigolactone-interacts with the F-box protein D3 to ubiquitinate and degrade the transcription repressor D53. Despite the fact that multiple modes of interaction between D14 and strigolactone have recently been determined, how the hydrolase functions with D3 to mediate hormone-dependent D53 ubiquitination remains unknown. Here we show that D3 has a C-terminal α-helix that can switch between two conformational states. The engaged form of this α-helix facilitates the binding of D3 and D14 with a hydrolysed strigolactone intermediate, whereas the dislodged form can recognize unmodified D14 in an open conformation and inhibits its enzymatic activity. The D3 C-terminal α-helix enables D14 to recruit D53 in a strigolactone-dependent manner, which in turn activates the hydrolase. By revealing the structural plasticity of the SCFD3-D14 ubiquitin ligase, our results suggest a mechanism by which the E3 coordinates strigolactone signalling and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Haibin Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas R Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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286
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Tumer TB, Yılmaz B, Ozleyen A, Kurt B, Tok TT, Taskin KM, Kulabas SS. GR24, a synthetic analog of Strigolactones, alleviates inflammation and promotes Nrf2 cytoprotective response: In vitro and in silico evidences. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 76:179-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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287
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Chen J, Zhang L, Zhu M, Han L, Lv Y, Liu Y, Li P, Jing H, Cai H. Non-dormant Axillary Bud 1 regulates axillary bud outgrowth in sorghum. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:938-955. [PMID: 29740955 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tillering contributes to grain yield and plant architecture and therefore is an agronomically important trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Here, we identified and functionally characterized a mutant of the Non-dormant Axillary Bud 1 (NAB1) gene from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized sorghum population. The nab1 mutants have increased tillering and reduced plant height. Map-based cloning revealed that NAB1 encodes a carotenoid-cleavage dioxygenase 7 (CCD7) orthologous to rice (Oryza sativa) HIGH-TILLERING DWARF1/DWARF17 and Arabidopsis thaliana MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING 3. NAB1 is primarily expressed in axillary nodes and tiller bases and NAB1 localizes to chloroplasts. The nab1 mutation causes outgrowth of basal axillary buds; removing these non-dormant basal axillary buds restored the wild-type phenotype. The tillering of nab1 plants was completely suppressed by exogenous application of the synthetic strigolactone analog GR24. Moreover, the nab1 plants had no detectable strigolactones and displayed stronger polar auxin transport than wild-type plants. Finally, RNA-seq showed that the expression of genes involved in multiple processes, including auxin-related genes, was significantly altered in nab1. These results suggest that NAB1 functions in strigolactone biosynthesis and the regulation of shoot branching via an interaction with auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijie Han
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ya Lv
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haichun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Centre for Practaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing 100193, China
- Forage Crop Research Institute, Japan Grassland Agricultural and Forage Seed Association, 388-5 Higashiakada, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2742, Japan
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288
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Mostofa MG, Li W, Nguyen KH, Fujita M, Tran LSP. Strigolactones in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses: An emerging avenue of plant research. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2227-2243. [PMID: 29869792 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play central roles in boosting plant tolerance to environmental stresses, which negatively affect plant productivity and threaten future food security. Strigolactones (SLs), a class of carotenoid-derived phytohormones, were initially discovered as an "ecological signal" for parasitic seed germination and establishment of symbiotic relationship between plants and beneficial microbes. Subsequent characterizations have described their functional roles in various developmental processes, including root development, shoot branching, reproductive development, and leaf senescence. SLs have recently drawn much attention due to their essential roles in the regulation of various physiological and molecular processes during the adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. Reports suggest that the production of SLs in plants is strictly regulated and dependent on the type of stresses that plants confront at various stages of development. Recently, evidence for crosstalk between SLs and other phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, in responses to abiotic stresses suggests that SLs actively participate within regulatory networks of plant stress adaptation that are governed by phytohormones. Moreover, the prospective roles of SLs in the management of plant growth and development under adverse environmental conditions have been suggested. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion pertaining to SL-mediated plant responses and adaptation to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
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289
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Yao R, Chen L, Xie D. Irreversible strigolactone recognition: a non-canonical mechanism for hormone perception. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:155-161. [PMID: 30014890 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling of hormone perception is central to comprehending hormone action. It is generally recognized that an active hormone molecule binds its receptor to initiate hormone signaling, subsequently dissociates from its receptor without being changed, and then initiates the next round of hormone perception. However, recent studies discovered that the α/β hydrolase DWARF14 serves as a non-canonical receptor for the plant hormone strigolactone (SL) to generate the active form of SL which remains covalently bound in an irreversible manner, triggering SL signal transduction. In this short review, we will discuss the recent advances in uncovering this unprecedented non-canonical mechanism for hormone perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Yao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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290
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Yao J, Mashiguchi K, Scaffidi A, Akatsu T, Melville KT, Morita R, Morimoto Y, Smith SM, Seto Y, Flematti GR, Yamaguchi S, Waters MT. An allelic series at the KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana decouples ligand hydrolysis and receptor degradation from downstream signalling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:75-89. [PMID: 29982999 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins are butenolide compounds present in post-fire environments that can stimulate seed germination in many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants also produce endogenous butenolide compounds that serve as hormones, namely strigolactones (SLs). The receptor for karrikins (KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2; KAI2) and the receptor for SLs (DWARF14; D14) are homologous proteins that share many similarities. The mode of action of D14 as a dual enzyme receptor protein is well established, but the nature of KAI2-dependent signalling and its function as a receptor are not fully understood. To expand our knowledge of how KAI2 operates, we screened ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)-mutagenized populations of A. thaliana for mutants with kai2-like phenotypes and isolated 13 new kai2 alleles. Among these alleles, kai2-10 encoded a D184N protein variant that was stable in planta. Differential scanning fluorimetry assays indicated that the KAI2 D184N protein could interact normally with bioactive ligands. We developed a KAI2-active version of the fluorescent strigolactone analogue Yoshimulactone Green to show that KAI2 D184N exhibits normal rates of ligand hydrolysis. KAI2 D184N degraded in response to treatment with exogenous ligands, suggesting that receptor degradation is a consequence of ligand binding and hydrolysis, but is insufficient for signalling activity. Remarkably, KAI2 D184N degradation was hypersensitive to karrikins, but showed a normal response to strigolactone analogues, implying that these butenolides may interact differently with KAI2. These results demonstrate that the enzymatic and signalling functions of KAI2 can be decoupled, and provide important insights into the mechanistic events that underpin butenolide signalling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Yao
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kiyoshi Mashiguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Adrian Scaffidi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Tomoki Akatsu
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kim T Melville
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ryo Morita
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Morimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Steven M Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Gavin R Flematti
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia Perth, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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291
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Butt H, Jamil M, Wang JY, Al-Babili S, Mahfouz M. Engineering plant architecture via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated alteration of strigolactone biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:174. [PMID: 30157762 PMCID: PMC6116466 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision plant genome engineering holds much promise for targeted improvement of crop traits via unprecedented single-base level control over the genetic material. Strigolactones (SLs) are a key determinant of plant architecture, known for their role in inhibiting shoot branching (tillering). RESULTS We used CRISPR/Cas9 in rice (Oryza sativa) for targeted disruption of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (CCD7), which controls a key step in SL biosynthesis. The ccd7 mutants exhibited a striking increase in tillering, combined with a reduced height, which could be rescued by application of the synthetic SL analog GR24. Striga germination assays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that root exudates of ccd7 mutants were also SL deficient. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results show the potential and feasibility of the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeted engineering of plant architecture and for elucidating the molecular underpinnings of architecture-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Butt
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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292
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Choi J, Summers W, Paszkowski U. Mechanisms Underlying Establishment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:135-160. [PMID: 29856935 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants engage in mutually beneficial interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, the fungus providing phosphate and nitrogen in exchange for fixed carbon. During presymbiosis, both organisms communicate via oligosaccharides and butenolides. The requirement for a rice chitin receptor in symbiosis-induced lateral root development suggests that cell division programs operate in inner root tissues during both AM and nodule symbioses. Furthermore, the identification of transcription factors underpinning arbuscule development and degeneration reemphasized the plant's regulatory dominance in AM symbiosis. Finally, the finding that AM fungi, as lipid auxotrophs, depend on plant fatty acids (FAs) to complete their asexual life cycle revealed the basis for fungal biotrophy. Intriguingly, lipid metabolism is also central for asexual reproduction and interaction of the fungal sister clade, the Mucoromycotina, with endobacteria, indicative of an evolutionarily ancient role for lipids in fungal mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - William Summers
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
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293
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Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 57:2367-2379. [PMID: 30149541 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
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294
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Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092506. [PMID: 30149541 PMCID: PMC6165531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
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295
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Pauly M, Ramírez V. New Insights Into Wall Polysaccharide O-Acetylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1210. [PMID: 30186297 PMCID: PMC6110886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, and some archaea consist of a semipermeable composite containing polysaccharides. Many of these polysaccharides are O-acetylated imparting important physiochemical properties to the polymers. The position and degree of O-acetylation is genetically determined and varies between organisms, cell types, and developmental stages. Despite the importance of wall polysaccharide O-acetylation, only recently progress has been made to elucidate the molecular mechanism of O-acetylation. In plants, three protein families are involved in the transfer of the acetyl substituents to the various polysaccharides. In other organisms, this mechanism seems to be conserved, although the number of required components varies. In this review, we provide an update on the latest advances on plant polysaccharide O-acetylation and related information from other wall polysaccharide O-acetylating organisms such as bacteria and fungi. The biotechnological impact of understanding wall polysaccharide O-acetylation ranges from the design of novel drugs against human pathogenic bacteria to the development of improved lignocellulosic feedstocks for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Ramírez
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology – Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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296
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Tian MQ, Jiang K, Takahashi I, Li GD. Strigolactone-induced senescence of a bamboo leaf in the dark is alleviated by exogenous sugar. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2018; 43:173-179. [PMID: 30363134 PMCID: PMC6140682 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a series of sesquiterpene lactones that serve as plant hormones to regulate plant growth and development, such as shoot branching, lateral root formation, and root hair elongation. Recently, SLs have been reported to accelerate the leaf senescence, which is also regulated by sugar signals. In this study, we utilized segments of a bamboo leaf to observe leaf senescence and confirmed that SL accelerates leaf senescence and triggers cell death under a dark condition rather than under a light condition. Further studies showed that the co-treatment of sugars suppressed SL-induced leaf senescence and cell death under dark conditions, suggesting a crosstalk between SL and the sugar signal in regulating leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-qing Tian
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666, Wusu Rd, Lin’an, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Guo-dong Li
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666, Wusu Rd, Lin’an, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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297
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Takeuchi J, Jiang K, Hirabayashi K, Imamura Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Miyakawa T, Nakamura H, Tanokura M, Asami T. Rationally Designed Strigolactone Analogs as Antagonists of the D14 Receptor. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1545-1554. [PMID: 29727000 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching and act as signals in communications with symbiotic fungi and parasitic weeds in the rhizosphere. SL signaling is mediated by DWARF14 (D14), which is an α/β-hydrolase that cleaves SLs into an ABC tricyclic lactone and a butenolide group (i.e. D-ring). This cleavage reaction (hydrolysis and dissociation) is important for inducing the interaction between D14 and its target proteins, including D3 and D53. In this study, a hydrolysis-resistant SL analog was predicted to inhibit the activation of the D14 receptor, thereby disrupting the SL signaling pathway. To test this prediction, carba-SL compounds, in which the ether oxygen of the D-ring or the phenol ether oxygen of the SL agonist (GR24 or 4-bromo debranone) was replaced with a methylene group, were synthesized as novel D14 antagonists. Subsequent biochemical and physiological studies indicated that carba-SLs blocked the interaction between D14 and D53 by inhibiting D14 hydrolytic activity. They also suppressed the SL-induced inhibition of rice tiller outgrowths. Additionally, carba-SLs antagonized the SL response in a Striga parasitic weed species. Structural analyses revealed that the D-ring of 7'-carba-4BD was hydrolyzed by D14 but did not dissociate from the 4BD skeleton. Thus, 7'-carba-4BD functioned as an antagonist rather than an agonist. Thus, the hydrolysis of the D-ring of SLs may be insufficient for activating the receptor. This study provides data relevant to designing SL receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hirabayashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Imamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yashan Wu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuqun Xu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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298
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Liu H, Zhang C, Yang J, Yu N, Wang E. Hormone modulation of legume-rhizobial symbiosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:632-648. [PMID: 29578639 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous plants can establish symbiotic associations with diazotropic rhizobia to form nitrogen-fixating nodules, which are classified as determinate or indeterminate based on the persistence of nodule meristem. The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules requires coordinating rhizobial infection and root nodule organogenesis. The formation of an infection thread and the extent of nodule formation are largely under plant control, but vary with environmental conditions and the physiological state of the host plants. Many achievements in these two areas have been made in recent decades. Phytohormone signaling pathways have gradually emerged as important regulators of root nodule symbiosis. Cytokinin, strigolactones (SLs) and local accumulation of auxin can promote nodule development. Ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) all negatively regulate infection thread formation and nodule development. However, salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) have different effects on the formation of these two nodule types. Some peptide hormones are also involved in nodulation. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of these plant hormones in legume-rhizobial symbiosis, and we propose that DELLA proteins may function as a node to integrate plant hormones to regulate nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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299
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Lopez-Obando M, de Villiers R, Hoffmann B, Ma L, de Saint Germain A, Kossmann J, Coudert Y, Harrison CJ, Rameau C, Hills P, Bonhomme S. Physcomitrella patens MAX2 characterization suggests an ancient role for this F-box protein in photomorphogenesis rather than strigolactone signalling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:743-756. [PMID: 29781136 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are key hormonal regulators of flowering plant development and are widely distributed amongst streptophytes. In Arabidopsis, SLs signal via the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2), affecting multiple aspects of development including shoot branching, root architecture and drought tolerance. Previous characterization of a Physcomitrella patens moss mutant with defective SL synthesis supports an ancient role for SLs in land plants, but the origin and evolution of signalling pathway components are unknown. Here we investigate the function of a moss homologue of MAX2, PpMAX2, and characterize its role in SL signalling pathway evolution by genetic analysis. We report that the moss Ppmax2 mutant shows very distinct phenotypes from the moss SL-deficient mutant. In addition, the Ppmax2 mutant remains sensitive to SLs, showing a clear transcriptional SL response in dark conditions, and the response to red light is also altered. These data suggest divergent evolutionary trajectories for SL signalling pathway evolution in mosses and vascular plants. In P. patens, the primary roles for MAX2 are in photomorphogenesis and moss early development rather than in SL response, which may require other, as yet unidentified, factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Lopez-Obando
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Ruan de Villiers
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Beate Hoffmann
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Linnan Ma
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre de Saint Germain
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jens Kossmann
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Yoan Coudert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, 69364, France
| | - C Jill Harrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Paul Hills
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
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300
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Wang L, Waters MT, Smith SM. Karrikin-KAI2 signalling provides Arabidopsis seeds with tolerance to abiotic stress and inhibits germination under conditions unfavourable to seedling establishment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:605-618. [PMID: 29726620 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The control of seed germination in response to environmental conditions is important for plant success. We investigated the role of the karrikin receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) in the response of Arabidopsis seeds to osmotic stress, salinity and high temperature. Germination of the kai2 mutant was examined in response to NaCl, mannitol and elevated temperature. The effect of karrikin on germination of wild-type seeds, hypocotyl elongation and the expression of karrikin-responsive genes was also examined in response to such stresses. The kai2 seeds germinated less readily than wild-type seeds and germination was more sensitive to inhibition by abiotic stress. Karrikin-induced KAI2 signalling stimulated germination of wild-type seeds under favourable conditions, but, surprisingly, inhibited germination in the presence of osmolytes or at elevated temperature. By contrast, GA stimulated germination of wild-type seeds and mutants under all conditions. Karrikin induced expression of DLK2 and KUF1 genes and inhibited hypocotyl elongation independently of osmotic stress. Under mild osmotic stress, karrikin enhanced expression of DREB2A, WRKY33 and ERF5 genes, but not ABA signalling genes. Thus, the karrikin-KAI2 signalling system can protect against abiotic stress, first by providing stress tolerance, and second by inhibiting germination under conditions unfavourable to seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Steven M Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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