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Hu X, Cai X, Song X, Li C, Zhao J, Luo W, Zhang Q, Ekumi IO, He Z. Possible SARS-coronavirus 2 inhibitor revealed by simulated molecular docking to viral main protease and host toll-like receptor. Future Virol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7295248 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim: SARS-coronavirus 2 main protease (Mpro) and host toll-like receptors (TLRs) were targeted to screen potential inhibitors among traditional antiviral medicinal plants. Materials & methods: LeDock software was adopted to determine the binding energy between candidate molecules and selected protein pockets. Enrichment analyses were applied to illustrate potential pharmacology networks of active molecules. Results: The citrus flavonoid rutin was identified to fit snugly into the Mpro substrate-binding pocket and to present a strong interaction with TLRs TLR2, TLR6 and TLR7. One-carbon metabolic process and nitrogen metabolism ranked high as potential targets toward rutin. Conclusion: Rutin may influence viral functional protein assembly and host inflammatory suppression. Its affinity for Mpro and TLRs render rutin a potential novel therapeutic anti-coronavirus strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenli Luo
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ivo Otte Ekumi
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
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302
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Fuzimoto AD, Isidoro C. The antiviral and coronavirus-host protein pathways inhibiting properties of herbs and natural compounds - Additional weapons in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic? J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:405-419. [PMID: 32691005 PMCID: PMC7260130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As of March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. Articles published after the SARS-CoV-1 (2002) epidemic suggest that the use of an herbal-drug integrative medical approach could have contributed to a lower fatality rate and a more rapid response in controlling the outbreak. Methods Pubmed was searched for articles that investigated the antiviral properties and mechanisms of action of herbs or natural compounds against the SARS-coronavirus (CoV). Results Forty-three (43) relevant papers were located. A general count rendered 450+ herbs and natural compounds with antiviral properties against the SARS-CoV and related viruses. From the 43 articles, thirty-one (31) uncovered the mechanisms of action of the natural substances able to oppose the coronavirus. Discussion A series of herbs and natural compounds demonstrated moderate to strong antiviral activity. Research on many herbs-natural compounds also showed potent and significant inhibition of CoV-host protein pathways responsible for different phases of viral replication specifically targeting 3CLPRO, PLPRO, RdRp, helicase protein, S protein, N protein, 3a protein, Cathepsin L, Nsp1, Nsp3c, and ORF7a, and the S protein/ACE-2 interaction. Conclusion The herbs-natural compounds with antiviral activity and that caused inhibition/blockade of the CoV-host protein pathways are potential therapeutic candidates. The homology between the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 is around 80%. Thus, effective herbs-compounds for the former would likely be beneficial for the latter also depending on target protein similarities between the viruses. Here we provide the mechanistic bases supporting an integrative approach that includes natural compounds to fight coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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303
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Naik B, Gupta N, Ojha R, Singh S, Prajapati VK, Prusty D. High throughput virtual screening reveals SARS-CoV-2 multi-target binding natural compounds to lead instant therapy for COVID-19 treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:1-17. [PMID: 32470577 PMCID: PMC7250083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present-day world is severely suffering from the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2. The lack of prescribed drugs for the deadly virus has stressed the likely need to identify novel inhibitors to alleviate and stop the pandemic. In the present high throughput virtual screening study, we used in silico techniques like receptor-ligand docking, Molecular dynamic (MD), and ADME properties to screen natural compounds. It has been documented that many natural compounds display antiviral activities, including anti–SARS-CoV effect. The present study deals with compounds of Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS) database with known biological activity that probably impedes the activity of six essential enzymes of the virus. Promising drug-like compounds were identified, demonstrating better docking score and binding energy for each druggable targets. After an extensive screening analysis, three novel multi-target natural compounds were predicted to subdue the activity of three/more major drug targets simultaneously. Concerning the utility of natural compounds in the formulation of many therapies, we propose these compounds as excellent lead candidates for the development of therapeutic drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Naik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, 305817 Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, 305817 Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rupal Ojha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, 305817 Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Satyendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, 305817 Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, 305817 Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dhaneswar Prusty
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, 305817 Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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304
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Abstract
The current global health emergency, COVID-19, is not the first time that coronaviruses have posed a threat to human world shrinking our numbers by thousands. Before this SARS-CoV in 2003 and MERS-CoV in 2013 have caused epidemics. Four months in existence, and it has already affected 1,995,983 people and taken over 131,037 lives worldwide, yet we do not have any specific treatment available with us and the management is purely empirical. Looking at the similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in origin, genomics, pathogenesis and epidemiology, we can bring the researches done for SARS-CoV in use which can be our guide in finding an effective management strategy against SARS-CoV-2. There are various researches and studies reporting the use and effect of various phytochemical compounds in SARS-CoV treatment. Already, the thought has been put into action and in-silico screening for various natural plant compounds have been done to find a potential candidate compound. One such example is of curcumin, a secondary metabolite of turmeric, which is found to be effective against COVID-19 protease by molecular docking analysis.
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305
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Mani JS, Johnson JB, Steel JC, Broszczak DA, Neilsen PM, Walsh KB, Naiker M. Natural product-derived phytochemicals as potential agents against coronaviruses: A review. Virus Res 2020; 284:197989. [PMID: 32360300 PMCID: PMC7190535 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are responsible for a growing economic, social and mortality burden, as the causative agent of diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and COVID-19. However, there is a lack of effective antiviral agents for many coronavirus strains. Naturally existing compounds provide a wealth of chemical diversity, including antiviral activity, and thus may have utility as therapeutic agents against coronaviral infections. The PubMed database was searched for papers including the keywords coronavirus, SARS or MERS, as well as traditional medicine, herbal, remedy or plants, with 55 primary research articles identified. The overwhelming majority of publications focussed on polar compounds. Compounds that show promise for the inhibition of coronavirus in humans include scutellarein, silvestrol, tryptanthrin, saikosaponin B2, quercetin, myricetin, caffeic acid, psoralidin, isobavachalcone, and lectins such as griffithsin. Other compounds such as lycorine may be suitable if a therapeutic level of antiviral activity can be achieved without exceeding toxic plasma concentrations. It was noted that the most promising small molecules identified as coronavirus inhibitors contained a conjugated fused ring structure with the majority being classified as being polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice S Mani
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Joel B Johnson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason C Steel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel A Broszczak
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (Q-Block), Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul M Neilsen
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Kerry B Walsh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia; Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
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306
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Potential of DNA Intercalating Alkaloids and Other Plant Secondary Metabolites against SARS-CoV-2 Causing COVID-19. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many plants produce secondary metabolites (PSMs) with antiviral activities. Among the antiviral PSMs, lipophilic terpenoids in essential oils can disturb the lipid envelope of viruses. Phenols and polyphenols (flavonoids, rosmarinic acid and tannins) attack viral proteins present in the viral membrane or inside the virus particle. Both phenolics and essential oils are active against free viral particles but not—or to a lesser degree—after a virus has entered a host cell. Another group of PSMs is directed against DNA or RNA. These are DNA intercalators such as sanguinarine, berberine, emetine and other isoquinoline alkaloids, ß-carboline, and quinoline alkaloids such as quinine, cinchonine, dictamine and skimmianine. The DNA intercalators stabilize double-stranded nucleic acids and inhibit the replication, transcription, and translation of genetic material. These alkaloids can inhibit viral development and viral replication in cells, as shown for SARS-CoV-1 and other viruses. Since chloroquine (which is also a DNA intercalator and a chemical derivative of the alkaloid quinine) is apparently clinically helpful against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, it is assumed that intercalating alkaloids, or the medicinal plants producing them, may be interesting candidates for the development of new antiviral drugs for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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307
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Zhang L, Yu J, Zhou Y, Shen M, Sun L. Becoming a Faithful Defender: Traditional Chinese Medicine against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:763-777. [PMID: 32349517 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050038x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak caused by COVID-19 is causing a major challenge to clinical management and a worldwide threat to public health. So far, there is no specific anti-coronavirus therapy approved for the treatment of COVID-19. Recently, as the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely acknowledged, it has been brought to a crucial status by the public, governments, and World Health Organization (WHO). For a better popularization of TCM, governments have made several advances in regulations and policies for treatment and measures of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Therefore, on the basis of epidemiology and virology information, we reviewed relevant meta-analysis and clinical studies of anti-coronavirus therapeutics by TCM, in the aspect of mortality, symptom improvement, duration and dosage of corticosteroid, incidence of complications and the like. In addition, we also summarized preclinical rationale for anti-coronavirus activity by TCM in terms of virion assembly and release, as well as viral entry and replication, which could be a useful contribution for figuring out effective Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for coronavirus, including ingredients from single monomeric compounds, Chinese herbs, Chinese herb extracts and Chinese herb formulas, or potential targets for medicine. We would like to see these relevant studies, ranging from basic researches to clinical application, could provide some idea on effects of CHM to combat COVID-19 or other coronaviruses, and also offer new thinking for the exploration of therapeutic strategies under the guidance of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jieru Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Minhe Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Leitao Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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308
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Islam MT, Sarkar C, El-Kersh DM, Jamaddar S, Uddin SJ, Shilpi JA, Mubarak MS. Natural products and their derivatives against coronavirus: A review of the non-clinical and pre-clinical data. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2471-2492. [PMID: 32248575 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several corona viral infections have created serious threats in the last couple of decades claiming the death of thousands of human beings. Recently, corona viral epidemic raised the issue of developing effective antiviral agents at the earliest to prevent further losses. Natural products have always played a crucial role in drug development process against various diseases, which resulted in screening of such agents to combat emergent mutants of corona virus. This review focuses on those natural compounds that showed promising results against corona viruses. Although inhibition of viral replication is often considered as a general mechanism for antiviral activity of most of the natural products, studies have shown that some natural products can interact with key viral proteins that are associated with virulence. In this context, some of the natural products have antiviral activity in the nanomolar concentration (e.g., lycorine, homoharringtonine, silvestrol, ouabain, tylophorine, and 7-methoxycryptopleurine) and could be leads for further drug development on their own or as a template for drug design. In addition, a good number of natural products with anti-corona virus activity are the major constituents of some common dietary supplements, which can be exploited to improve the immunity of the general population in certain epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad T Islam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Bangladesh, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Dina M El-Kersh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Bangladesh, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh J Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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309
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Carrouel F, Conte MP, Fisher J, Gonçalves LS, Dussart C, Llodra JC, Bourgeois D. COVID-19: A Recommendation to Examine the Effect of Mouthrinses with β-Cyclodextrin Combined with Citrox in Preventing Infection and Progression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041126. [PMID: 32326426 PMCID: PMC7230644 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Considered to be a major portal of entry for infectious agents, the oral cavity is directly associated with the evolutionary process of SARS-CoV-2 in its inhalation of ambient particles in the air and in expectorations. Some new generations of mouth rinses currently on the market have ingredients that could contribute to lower the SARS-CoV-2 viral load, and thus facilitate the fight against oral transmission. If chlorhexidine, a usual component of mouth rinse, is not efficient to kill SARS-CoV-2, the use of a mouth rinses and/or with local nasal applications that contain β-cyclodextrins combined with flavonoids agents, such as Citrox, could provide valuable adjunctive treatment to reduce the viral load of saliva and nasopharyngeal microbiota, including potential SARS-CoV-2 carriage. We urge national agencies and authorities to start clinical trials to evaluate the preventive effects of βCD-Citrox therapeutic oral biofilm rinses in reducing the viral load of the infection and possibly disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Carrouel
- University Lyon 1, Laboratory “Health Systemic Process”, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-78-78-57-44
| | - Maria Pia Conte
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Julian Fisher
- THEnet, Training for Health Equity Network, New York, NY 10023, USA;
| | | | - Claude Dussart
- Lyon Public Hospices, Central Pharmacy, EA4129, 69002 Lyon, France;
| | - Juan Carlos Llodra
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- University Lyon 1, Laboratory “Health Systemic Process”, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France;
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310
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Gasmi A, Noor S, Tippairote T, Dadar M, Menzel A, Bjørklund G. Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options for the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108409. [PMID: 32276137 PMCID: PMC7139252 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is an ugly fact that a significant amount of the world's population will contract SARS-CoV-II infection with the current spreading. While a specific treatment is not yet coming soon, individual risk assessment and management strategies are crucial. The individual preventive and protective measures drive the personal risk of getting the disease. Among the virus-contracted hosts, their different metabolic status, as determined by their diet, nutrition, age, sex, medical conditions, lifestyle, and environmental factors, govern the personal fate toward different clinical severity of COVID-19, from asymptomatic, mild, moderate, to death. The careful individual assessment for the possible dietary, nutritional, medical, lifestyle, and environmental risks, together with the proper relevant risk management strategies, is the sensible way to deal with the pandemic of SARS-CoV-II. A significant amount of the world's population will contract COVID-19 infection. Individual risk assessment and management strategies are crucial. Metabolic status determines the clinical severity of COVID-19, from asymptomatic to death. Important factors include diet, nutrition, age, sex, health, lifestyle, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sadaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Department, BBH Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
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311
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Lung J, Lin YS, Yang YH, Chou YL, Shu LH, Cheng YC, Liu HT, Wu CY. The potential chemical structure of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Med Virol 2020; 92:693-697. [PMID: 32167173 PMCID: PMC7228302 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) occurred in Wuhan and it has rapidly spread to almost all parts of the world. For coronaviruses, RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is an important polymerase that catalyzes the replication of RNA from RNA template and is an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, we screened these chemical structures from traditional Chinese medicinal compounds proven to show antiviral activity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and the similar chemical structures through a molecular docking study to target RdRp of SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV). We found that theaflavin has a lower idock score in the catalytic pocket of RdRp in SARS‐CoV‐2 (−9.11 kcal/mol), SARS‐CoV (−8.03 kcal/mol), and MERS‐CoV (−8.26 kcal/mol) from idock. To confirm the result, we discovered that theaflavin has lower binding energy of −8.8 kcal/mol when it docks in the catalytic pocket of SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp by using the Blind Docking server. Regarding contact modes, hydrophobic interactions contribute significantly in binding and additional hydrogen bonds were found between theaflavin and RdRp. Moreover, one π‐cation interaction was formed between theaflavin and Arg553 from the Blind Docking server. Our results suggest that theaflavin could be a potential SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp inhibitor for further study. Theaflavin has a lower idock score in the catalytic pocket of RdRp in SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV from idock. Theaflavin has a lowest binding energy when it docks in the catalytic pocket of SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp. Theaflavin could be potential SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jrhau Lung
- Department of Research and Development, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Putzu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Putzu, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Putzu, Taiwan.,Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Putzu, Taiwan.,School of Chinese medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Shu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Putzu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Putzu, Taiwan
| | - Hung Te Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Putzu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Putzu, Taiwan.,School of Chinese medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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312
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Tang B, He F, Liu D, Fang M, Wu Z, Xu D. AI-aided design of novel targeted covalent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32511346 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.03.972133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The focused drug repurposing of known approved drugs (such as lopinavir/ritonavir) has been reported failed for curing SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. It is urgent to generate new chemical entities against this virus. As a key enzyme in the life-cycle of coronavirus, the 3C-like main protease (3CL pro or M pro ) is the most attractive for antiviral drug design. Based on a recently solved structure (PDB ID: 6LU7), we developed a novel advanced deep Q-learning network with the fragment-based drug design (ADQN-FBDD) for generating potential lead compounds targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro . We obtained a series of derivatives from those lead compounds by our structure-based optimization policy (SBOP). All the 47 lead compounds directly from our AI-model and related derivatives based on SBOP are accessible in our molecular library at https://github.com/tbwxmu/2019-nCov . These compounds can be used as potential candidates for researchers in their development of drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
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313
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Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol 2020; 92:479-490. [PMID: 32052466 PMCID: PMC7166986 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID‐19 or 2019‐CoV) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control the spread of disease. Here, we have conducted an online search for all treatment options related to coronavirus infections as well as some RNA‐virus infection and we have found that general treatments, coronavirus‐specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be useful in fighting COVID‐19. We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children's RNA‐virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, convalescent plasma should be given to COVID‐19 patients if it is available. In conclusion, we suggest that all the potential interventions be implemented to control the emerging COVID‐19 if the infection is uncontrollable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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314
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Abstract
Epidemic diseases are not a new phenomenon, but easy access to transport in the modern world has accelerated their spread. Perhaps some botanical understanding can help slow them down.
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315
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Abstract
Epidemic diseases are not a new phenomenon, but easy access to transport in the modern world has accelerated their spread. Perhaps some botanical understanding can help slow them down.
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316
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Ebada SS, Al-Jawabri NA, Youssef FS, El-Kashef DH, Knedel TO, Albohy A, Korinek M, Hwang TL, Chen BH, Lin GH, Lin CY, Aldalaien SM, Disi AM, Janiak C, Proksch P. Anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and COVID-19 protease inhibitory activities of phytochemicals from the Jordanian hawksbeard: identification, structure–activity relationships, molecular modeling and impact on its folk medicinal uses. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38128-38141. [PMID: 35515148 PMCID: PMC9057237 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04876c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
On Wednesday 11th March, 2020, the world health organization (WHO) announced novel coronavirus (COVID-19, also called SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic.
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317
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Sayed AM, Khattab AR, AboulMagd AM, Hassan HM, Rateb ME, Zaid H, Abdelmohsen UR. Nature as a treasure trove of potential anti-SARS-CoV drug leads: a structural/mechanistic rationale. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19790-19802. [PMID: 35685913 PMCID: PMC9122629 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential drug candidates derived from natural sources are posed for the development of anti-SARS CoV-2 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Nahda University
- 62513 Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Amira R. Khattab
- Pharmacognosy Department
- College of Pharmacy
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport
- 1029 Alexandria
- Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. AboulMagd
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Nahda University
- 62513 Beni Suef
- Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- 62514 Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences
- University of the West of Scotland
- Paisley PA1 2BE
- UK
| | - Hala Zaid
- Ministry of Health and Population
- Cairo
- Egypt
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318
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Pandey A, Khan MK, Hamurcu M, Gezgin S. Natural Plant Products: A Less Focused Aspect for the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568890. [PMID: 33178237 PMCID: PMC7593249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The sudden emergence of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus (nCoV) led the entire world to search for relevant solutions to fight the pandemic. Although continuous trials are being conducted to develop precise vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, a potential remedy is yet to be developed. Plants have largely contributed to the treatment of several human diseases and different phytoconstituents have been previously described to impede the replication of numerous viruses. Despite the previous positive reports of plant-based medications, no successful clinical trials of phyto-anti-COVID drugs could be conducted to date. In this article, we discuss varying perspectives on why phyto-anti-viral drug clinical trials were not successful in the case of COVID-19. The issue has been discussed in light of the usage of plant-based therapeutics in previous coronavirus outbreaks. Through this article, we aim to identify the disadvantages in this research area and suggest some measures to ensure that phytoconstituents can efficiently contribute to future random viral outbreaks. It is emphasized that if used strategically phyto-inhibitors with pre-established clinical data for other diseases can save the time required for long clinical trials. The scientific community should competently tap into phytoconstituents and take their research up to the final stage of clinical trials so that potential phyto-anti-COVID drugs can be developed.
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319
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Jiang W, Xiong J, Zang Y, Li J, Osman EEA, Li JY, Zhou YB, Li J, Hu JF. Phytochemical and biological studies on rare and endangered plants endemic to China. Part XIV. Structurally diverse terpenoids from the twigs and needles of the endangered plant Picea brachytyla. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112161. [PMID: 31600653 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation on the MeOH extract of the twigs and needles of the endangered plant Picea brachytyla led to the isolation and characterization of thirty-eight structurally diverse terpenoids. Seven of these molecules are previously undescribed, including three abietane-type (brachytylins A-C) and one labdane-type (brachytylin D) diterpenoids, an unseparated C-24 epimeric mixture of cycloartane-type triterpenoids (brachytylins E/F, ratio: 1:1), and a rare rearranged 12(1 → 6)-abeo-megastigmane glycoside (brachytylins G). Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic (e.g., detailed 2D NMR and ECD) methods and/or X-ray diffraction analyses. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase (ACL) and the Src homology-2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2). Among them, abiesadine J showed inhibitory effect against ACL, displaying an IC50 value of 17 μM. 3S,23R-Dihydroxycycloart-24-en-26-oic acid exhibited inhibitory effect on SHP2, with an IC50 value of 19 μM. Meanwhile, 3R*,23S*-dihydroxycycloart-24-en-26-oic acid was found to have inhibitory effects against both ACL and SHP2, with IC50 values of 16 and 12 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ezzat E A Osman
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, PR China.
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320
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In silico and in vitro analysis of small molecules and natural compounds targeting the 3CL protease of feline infectious peritonitis virus. Antiviral Res 2019; 174:104697. [PMID: 31863793 PMCID: PMC7114316 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The computational search of chemical libraries has been used as a powerful tool for the rapid discovery of candidate compounds. To find small molecules with anti-feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) properties, we utilized a virtual screening technique to identify the active site on the viral protease for the binding of the available natural compounds. The protease 3CL (3CLpro) plays an important role in the replication cycle of FIPV and other viruses within the family Coronaviridae. The 15 best-ranked candidate consensus compounds, based on three docking tools, were evaluated for further assays. The protease inhibitor assay on recombinant FIPV 3CLpro was performed to screen the inhibitory effect of the candidate compounds with IC50 ranging from 6.36 ± 2.15 to 78.40 ± 2.60 μM. As determined by the cell-based assay, the compounds NSC345647, NSC87511, and NSC343256 showed better EC50 values than the broad-spectrum antiviral drug ribavirin and the protease inhibitor lopinavir, under all the test conditions including pre-viral entry, post-viral entry, and prophylactic activity. The NSC87511 particularly yielded the best selective index (>4; range of SI = 13.80-22.90). These results indicated that the natural small-molecular compounds specifically targeted the 3CLpro of FIPV and inhibited its replication. Structural modification of these compounds may generate a higher anti-viral potency for the further development of a novel therapy against FIP.
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321
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Kalpana D, Han JH, Park WS, Lee SM, Wahab R, Lee YS. Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Torreya nucifera and their antibacterial activity. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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322
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Kuang S, Liu L, Qing M, Zhang Y, Feng X, Wang D, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Li D. Anatomical, Phytochemical, and Histochemical Study of Juniperus rigida Needles at Different Altitudes. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1213-1223. [PMID: 31451123 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619014818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Needles of Juniperus rigida are used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of brucellosis, dropsy, skin disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. This is the first study that reports anatomical structures of the J. rigida needles collected at different altitudes. The most common anatomical, phytochemical, and histochemical techniques and methods are used. The results show that anatomical structures and chemical composition change significantly at different altitudes. The main anatomical characters are significant xeromorphic structures (thick epidermis, hypodermis, and cuticle), a stomatal band, a developed vascular bundle, and a marginal resin duct. The xeromorphic structures become more pronounced with increasing altitude. The phytochemical and histochemical results demonstrate that the content of the main chemical compounds (phenols and terpenoids) basically increases at a higher elevation. Histochemical analysis localizes the phenols in epidermal cells, sponge tissue, endothelial layer cells, and stomatal bands, and the terpenoids in palisade tissue, sponge tissue, and the edge of the resin duct. This work reveals the relation between anatomy and chemistry in J. rigida needles, contributes to the quality control of its ethno-medicine, and provides the evidence to develop the commercial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kuang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Linfang Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingliang Qing
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xueping Feng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dengwu Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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323
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Petersen MJ, de Cássia Lemos Lima R, Kjaerulff L, Staerk D. Immobilized α-amylase magnetic beads for ligand fishing: Proof of concept and identification of α-amylase inhibitors in Ginkgo biloba. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 164:94-101. [PMID: 31103779 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder that affects millions of people around the world. The disease is a major burden on both economic and social levels, and there is a need for improved drugs with fewer side effects in the management of the disease. Current methods for isolation of anti-diabetic lead compounds from complex mixtures suffer from low resolution and sensitivity, and there is a need for improved alternatives. In this work, magnetic ligand fishing combined with high-performance liquid chromatography - photodiode-array detection - high-resolution mass spectrometry - solid-phase extraction - nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HPLC-PDA-HRMS-SPE-NMR) was developed and validated, with the aim of accelerating discovery of natural products targeting α-amylase. The enzyme was successfully immobilized onto magnetic beads and retained its catalytic activity for a period of 75 days, and the specificity of this method was successfully validated by testing the N-terminus coupled α-amylase immobilized magnetic beads on an artificial mixture. A proof of concept experiment, using a crude ethyl acetate extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves, proved that it was possible to fish out four α-amylase ligands. HPLC-PDA-HRMS-SPE-NMR analysis confirmed the presence of bilobetin, isoginkgetin, ginkgetin and sciadopitysin in the solutions resulting from α-amylase ligand fishing with Ginkgo biloba. IC50 curves revealed a reversed relationship between concentration of sciadopitysin and inhibition of α-amylase activity, suggesting that this compound activated the enzyme instead of inhibiting it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene J Petersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rita de Cássia Lemos Lima
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Kjaerulff
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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324
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3',8″-Dimerization Enhances the Antioxidant Capacity of Flavonoids: Evidence from Acacetin and Isoginkgetin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112039. [PMID: 31142008 PMCID: PMC6600363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To probe the effect of 3',8″-dimerization on antioxidant flavonoids, acacetin and its 3',8″-dimer isoginkgetin were comparatively analyzed using three antioxidant assays, namely, the ·O2- scavenging assay, the Cu2+ reducing assay, and the 2,2'-azino bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay. In these assays, acacetin had consistently higher IC50 values than isoginkgetin. Subsequently, the acacetin was incubated with 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radicals (4-methoxy-TEMPO) and then analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) technology. The results of the UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis suggested the presence of a dimer with m/z 565, 550, 413, 389, 374, 345, 330, and 283 peaks. By comparison, standard isoginkgetin yielded peaks at m/z 565, 533, 518, 489, 401, 389, 374, and 151 in the mass spectra. Based on these experimental data, MS interpretation, and the relevant literature, we concluded that isoginkgetin had higher electron transfer potential than its monomer because of the 3',8″-dimerization. Additionally, acacetin can produce a dimer during its antioxidant process; however, the dimer is not isoginkgetin.
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325
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Wubshet SG, Liu B, Kongstad KT, Böcker U, Petersen MJ, Li T, Wang J, Staerk D. Combined magnetic ligand fishing and high-resolution inhibition profiling for identification of α-glucosidase inhibitory ligands: A new screening approach based on complementary inhibition and affinity profiles. Talanta 2019; 200:279-287. [PMID: 31036185 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Plants are well-recognized sources of inhibitors for α-glucosidase - a key target enzyme for management of type 2 diabetes. Recently, two advanced bioactivity-profiling techniques, i.e., ligand fishing and high-resolution inhibition profiling, have shown great promises for accelerating identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from complex plant extracts. Non-specific affinities and non-specific inhibitions are major sources of false positive hits from ligand fishing and high-resolution inhibition profiling, respectively. In an attempt to minimize such false positive hits, we describe a new screening approach based on ligand fishing and high-resolution inhibition profiling for detection of high-affinity ligands and assessment of inhibitory activity, respectively. The complementary nature of ligand fishing and high-resolution inhibition profiling was explored to identify α-glucosidase inhibitory ligands from a complex mixture, and proof-of-concept was demonstrated with crude ethyl acetate extract of Ginkgo biloba. In addition to magnetic beads with a 3-carbon aliphatic linker, α-glucosidase was immobilized on magnetic beads with a 21-carbon aliphatic linker; and the two different types of magnetic beads were compared for their hydrolytic activity and fishing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sileshi G Wubshet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Nofima AS-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Bingrui Liu
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; College of Chemistry and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kenneth T Kongstad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ulrike Böcker
- Nofima AS-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Malene J Petersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Junru Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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326
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Li M, Li B, Hou Y, Tian Y, Chen L, Liu S, Zhang N, Dong J. Anti-inflammatory effects of chemical components from Ginkgo biloba L. male flowers on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Phytother Res 2019; 33:989-997. [PMID: 30693991 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L., well known as living fossil, have various pharmacological activities. Eighteen compounds were isolated from Ginkgo male flowers including a novel matsutake alcohol glycoside, Ginkgoside A (1), and 17 known compounds-calaliukiuenoside (2), benzylalcohol O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), amentoflavone (4), sciadopitysin (5), bilobetin (6), isoginkgetin (7), olivil 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-O-β-d-glucoside (9), (+)-cyclo-olivil-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (10), (-)-isolariciresinol 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (11), coniferin (12), trans-cinnamic acid-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (13), p-coumaryl alchol glucoside (14), stroside B (15), methylconiferin (16), cis-p-coumaric acid 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (17), and cis-coniferin (18). Thirteen of these compounds had not previously found in Ginkgo. All extractive fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory ability in the lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The ethanol extract of Ginkgo flowers and the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions can significantly decrease nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) production at 100 μg/ml. The most effective compounds, bilobetin (6) and isoginkgetin (7), elevated the NO inhibition ratios to 80.19% and 82.37% at 50 μM, respectively. They also exhibited significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, PGE2 , inducible NO synthase mRNA, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA levels. So they can be promising candidates for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijng, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijng, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijng, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijng, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijng, China
| | - Shijun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijng, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijng, China
| | - Junxing Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijng, China
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327
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Tavares WR, Seca AML. The Current Status of the Pharmaceutical Potential of Juniperus L. Metabolites. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5030081. [PMID: 30065158 PMCID: PMC6165314 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Plants and their derived natural compounds possess various biological and therapeutic properties, which turns them into an increasing topic of interest and research. Juniperus genus is diverse in species, with several traditional medicines reported, and rich in natural compounds with potential for development of new drugs. Methods: The research for this review were based in the Scopus and Web of Science databases using terms combining Juniperus, secondary metabolites names, and biological activities. This is not an exhaustive review of Juniperus compounds with biological activities, but rather a critical selection taking into account the following criteria: (i) studies involving the most recent methodologies for quantitative evaluation of biological activities; and (ii) the compounds with the highest number of studies published in the last four years. Results: From Juniperus species, several diterpenes, flavonoids, and one lignan were emphasized taking into account their level of activity against several targets. Antitumor activity is by far the most studied, being followed by antibacterial and antiviral activities. Deoxypodophyllotoxin and one dehydroabietic acid derivative appears to be the most promising lead compounds. Conclusions: This review demonstrates the Juniperus species value as a source of secondary metabolites with relevant pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Ana M L Seca
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA-Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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328
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Bajpai VK, Park I, Lee J, Shukla S, Nile SH, Chun HS, Khan I, Oh SY, Lee H, Huh YS, Na M, Han YK. Antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of a biflavonoid, amentoflavone from Nandina domestica in vitro and in minced chicken meat and apple juice food models. Food Chem 2018; 271:239-247. [PMID: 30236673 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A biflavonoid, amentoflavone isolated from Nandina domestica and characterized by NMR spectral-data analyses was assessed for its antioxidant, and antibacterial potential in vitro and in food-model systems. Amentoflavone exhibited potent antioxidant ability (19.21-75.52%) on scavenging DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Fluorescent images confirmed bacterial membrane depolarization of both the tested pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with a significant reduction in cell viabilities at their respective MIC of 62.5 and 125 µg/mL. Increasing rates of membrane permeability observed in 260 nm-absorbing material, potassium ion, extracellular ATP, and relative electrical conductivity assays confirmed antibacterial mechanistic role of amentoflavone as also evidenced by microscopic studies of SEM and TEM. There was a marked inhibitory effect of amentoflavone with a significant reduction in cell counts of S. aureus and E. coli in minced chicken and apple juice at 4 °C, thus suggesting its nutritional enhancing efficacy as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - InWha Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - JungIn Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeong Oh
- WCSL of Integrated Human Airway-on-a-Chip, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoomin Lee
- WCSL of Integrated Human Airway-on-a-Chip, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- WCSL of Integrated Human Airway-on-a-Chip, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
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329
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Gao JB, Yang SJ, Yan ZR, Zhang XJ, Pu DB, Wang LX, Li XL, Zhang RH, Xiao WL. Isolation, Characterization, and Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Abietane Diterpenoids from Callicarpa bodinieri as Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:998-1006. [PMID: 29578342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Species belonging to the genus Callicarpa are used traditionally in Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammation, rheumatism, and pain. Investigation of the leaves and twigs of Callicarpa bodinieri resulted in the isolation of nine new abietane diterpenoids, bodinieric acids A-I (1-9), along with six known compounds (10-15). The structures of 1-9 were elucidated on the basis of the interpretation of their HRESIMS and NMR data and by ECD calculations. To explore the potential therapeutic target of this plant for immune-mediated disease, the inhibitory activities of the isolates obtained were determined against 13 kinase enzymes. Eight compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), and the IC50 values of compounds 2 and 6 were 7.2 and 10.7 μM, respectively. In addition, a preliminary structure-activity relationship of this scaffold was analyzed with both molecular docking and a 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - De-Bing Pu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
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330
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Rampelotto PH, Trincone A. Anti-infective Compounds from Marine Organisms. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pabulo H. Rampelotto
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antonio Trincone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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331
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Yang J, Xu C, Chen H, Huang M, Ma X, Deng S, Huang Y, Wen Y, Yang X, Song P. In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the diterpene-enriched extract from Taxodium ascendens through the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1199-1208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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332
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Liu J, Li D, Wang D, Liu Y, Song H. Allelopathic Effects, Physiological Responses and Phenolic Compounds in Litter Extracts of Juniperus rigidaSieb. et Zucc. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28557195 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The allelopathic effects of Juniperus rigida litter aqueous extract (LE) on wheat and Pinus tabuliformis were studied, as well as the physiological responses to the extract. High concentration LE (0.10 g Dw/ml) significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth in receptor plants. The chlorophyll content and root activity in the wheat seedlings were reduced significantly across all treatments; however, those were more prominently reduced at high concentration (0.10 g Dw/ml) but received little stimulation at low concentration (0.025 g Dw/ml) in P. tabuliformis. The content of malonaldehyde (MDA) increased with increasing concentrations of LE, except at 0.025 g Dw/ml. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD) in receptor plants were all significantly inhibited at high concentrations but stimulated at low concentrations. These results demonstrate that the aqueous extract from J. rigida litter has allelopathic potential. Various phenolic compounds were identified in litter aqueous extract and litter ethanol extract by HPLC. The phenolic compound content in the aqueous extract was significantly lower than that in the ethanol extract. Chlorogenic acid and podophyllotoxin were the predominant phenolic compounds in both types of litter extracts. These findings suggest that the seed germination and seedling growth of P. tabuliformis and wheat would be inhibited when planted near large amounts J. rigida litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Dengwu Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Song
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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333
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Liu Z, Wang D, Li D, Zhang S. Quality Evaluation of Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc. Based on Phenolic Profiles, Bioactivity, and HPLC Fingerprint Combined with Chemometrics. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:198. [PMID: 28469573 PMCID: PMC5395569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Juniperus rigida (J. rigida) which is endemic to East Asia, has traditionally been used as an ethnomedicinal plant in China. This study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of J. rigida samples derived from 11 primary regions in China. Ten phenolic compounds were simultaneously quantified using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and chlorogenic acid, catechin, podophyllotoxin, and amentoflavone were found to be the main compounds in J. rigida needles, with the highest contents detected for catechin and podophyllotoxin. J. rigida from Jilin (S9, S10) and Liaoning (S11) exhibited the highest contents of phenolic profiles (total phenolics, total flavonoids and 10 phenolic compounds) and the strongest antioxidant and antibacterial activities, followed by Shaanxi (S2, S3). A similarity analysis (SA) demonstrated substantial similarities in fingerprint chromatograms, from which 14 common peaks were selected. The similarity values varied from 0.85 to 0.98. Chemometrics techniques, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA), were further applied to facilitate accurate classification and quantification of the J. rigida samples derived from the 11 regions. The results supported HPLC data showing that all J. rigida samples exhibit considerable variations in phenolic profiles, and the samples were further clustered into three major groups coincident with their geographical regions of origin. In addition, two discriminant functions with a 100% discrimination ratio were constructed to further distinguish and classify samples with unknown membership on the basis of eigenvalues to allow optimal discrimination among the groups. Our comprehensive findings on matching phenolic profiles and bioactivities along with data from fingerprint chromatograms with chemometrics provide an effective tool for screening and quality evaluation of J. rigida and related medicinal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Liu
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Dengwu Li
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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334
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Yu S, Yan H, Zhang L, Shan M, Chen P, Ding A, Li SFY. A Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics of Amentoflavone, a Naturally-Occurring Biflavonoid. Molecules 2017; 22:E299. [PMID: 28212342 PMCID: PMC6155574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amentoflavone (C30H18O10) is a well-known biflavonoid occurring in many natural plants. This polyphenolic compound has been discovered to have some important bioactivities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, and anti-senescence effects on many important reactions in the cardiovascular and central nervous system, etc. Over 120 plants have been found to contain this bioactive component, such as Selaginellaceae, Cupressaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Calophyllaceae plant families. This review paper aims to profile amentoflavone on its plant sources, natural derivatives, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics, and to highlight some existing issues and perspectives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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335
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Adhikari N, Baidya SK, Saha A, Jha T. Structural Insight Into the Viral 3C-Like Protease Inhibitors: Comparative SAR/QSAR Approaches. VIRAL PROTEASES AND THEIR INHIBITORS 2017. [PMCID: PMC7150231 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809712-0.00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV), is a dreadful infection worldwide having economic and medical importance and a global threat for health. It was turned into an epidemic in South China followed by a chain of infections across three generations. A number of pathogeneses in human may occur due to the virus. This infection has not been taken into account before the SARS outbreak, and still it is a neglected one. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop small molecule antivirals to combat the SARS-CoV. No vaccines are available till date though a number of SARS-CoV 3C-like and 3C protease inhibitors were reported. In this chapter, quantitative structure–activity relationship technique is used for development of anti-SARS and anti-HRV drugs and outcome discussed in details. This approach may be a useful strategy to design novel and potential anti-SARS drugs to combat these dreadful viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tarun Jha
- Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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336
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Meng X, Li D, Zhou D, Wang D, Liu Q, Fan S. Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and related mechanism of the essential oil from the leaves of Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc against Klebsiella pneumoniae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:698-705. [PMID: 27769947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Juniperus rigida is used as Tibetan and Mongolian medicine in China for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, nephritis, brucellosis and other various inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate antibacterial potential of essential oils from J. rigida leaves against Klebsiella pneumoniae and to examine its possible related mechanisms. The study was undertaken in order to scientifically validate the traditional use of J. rigida. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oil was extracted from the leaves of J. rigida by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology. Chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against 10 bacteria by the paper disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the essential oil were estimated by agar dilution method. The antibacterial mechanism was evaluated by growth curve, the integrity of cell membrane, the SDS-PAGE of protein patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS 61 components were identified from the essential oil. Caryophyllene (13.11%) and α-Caryophyllene (11.72%) were found to be the major components. The antibacterial activities of the essential oil were screened and compared against 10 bacteria. The essential oil showed good antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, with the biggest diameters of inhibition zones (DIZ) (16.00±0.25mm) and the lowest MIC and MBC values of 3.125mg/mL. The increase in proteins, 260nm absorbing materials of bacterial cells suspension indicated that the cytoplasmic membranes were broken by the essential oil. The SDS-PAGE of bacterial proteins demonstrated that the essential oil could damage bacterial cells through the destruction of cellular proteins. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the essential oil damaged the morphology of cell wall and membrane. CONCLUSIONS The essential oil of J. rigida has potential antibacterial activities against K. pneumoniae. The antibacterial mechanism is the essential oil causing the irreversible damage to the cell wall and membrane, leading to the leakage of proteins and 260nm absorbing materials (DNA and RNA). Further phytochemical and pharmacological studies are required for proper scientific validation of the folk use of this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Meng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Dengwu Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qiaoxiao Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Sufang Fan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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337
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Lin CM, Lin YL, Ho SY, Chen PR, Tsai YH, Chung CH, Hwang CH, Tsai NM, Tzou SC, Ke CY, Chang J, Chan YL, Wang YS, Chi KH, Liao KW. The inhibitory effect of 7,7″-dimethoxyagastisflavone on the metastasis of melanoma cells via the suppression of F-actin polymerization. Oncotarget 2016; 8:60046-60059. [PMID: 28947953 PMCID: PMC5601121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
7,7″-Dimethoxyagastisflavone (DMGF), a biflavonoid isolated from Taxus × media cv. Hicksii, induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death. However, whether DMGF suppresses tumor metastasis is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-metastatic activities of DMGF on the metastatic processes of melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro. A transwell assay showed that DMGF could effectively attenuate the motility of B16F10 cells, and the results of real-time PCR revealed that DMGF also suppressed the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Moreover, DMGF did not influence tube formation but inhibited the migration of endothelial cells. Furthermore, animal models were used to monitor the effects of DMGF on tumor metastasis, and all models showed that DMGF significantly suppressed the metastatic behaviors of B16F10 cells, including intravasation, colonization, and invasion of the lymphatic duct. In addition, DMGF could also reduce the densities of the blood vessels in the tumor area in vivo. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of anti-metastatic activity revealed that DMGF can down-regulate the levels of key modulators of the Cdc42/Rac1 pathway to interfere in F-actin polymerization and suppress the formation of lamellipodia by reducing the phosphorylation of CREB. These data suggested that DMGF presents anti-metastatic activities in B16F10 melanoma cells. Here, we demonstrated that DMGF can inhibit the metastasis of highly invasive melanoma cancer cells through the down-regulation of F-actin polymerization. Considering these findings, DMGF may be further developed to serve as a chemoprevention drug for patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Min Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Rong Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Han Chung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical and Laboratory Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Ke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwan-Hwa Chi
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Graduate Institut of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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338
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Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam V, Hayashi Y, Jung SH. An Overview of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL Protease Inhibitors: Peptidomimetics and Small Molecule Chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6595-628. [PMID: 26878082 PMCID: PMC7075650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a newly emerged coronavirus that infected more than 8000 individuals and resulted in more than 800 (10-15%) fatalities in 2003. The causative agent of SARS has been identified as a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and its viral protease, SARS-CoV 3CL(pro), has been shown to be essential for replication and has hence been recognized as a potent drug target for SARS infection. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this epidemic despite the intensive research that has been undertaken since 2003 (over 3500 publications). This perspective focuses on the status of various efficacious anti-SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) chemotherapies discovered during the last 12 years (2003-2015) from all sources, including laboratory synthetic methods, natural products, and virtual screening. We describe here mainly peptidomimetic and small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV 3CL(pro). Attempts have been made to provide a complete description of the structural features and binding modes of these inhibitors under many conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University
of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manoj Manickam
- College
of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University
of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College
of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
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339
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Kim SH, Park JG, Hong YD, Kim E, Baik KS, Yoon DH, Kim S, Lee MN, Rho HS, Shin SS, Cho JY. Src/Syk/IRAK1-targeted anti-inflammatory action of Torreya nucifera butanol fraction in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:167-176. [PMID: 27178629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seed of Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zucc is used to treat several diseases in Asia. Reports document that T. nucifera has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative activities. In spite of numerous findings on its pharmacological effects, the understanding of the molecular inhibitory mechanisms of the plant remains to be studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore in vitro anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ethyl acetate fraction (Tn-EE-BF) prepared from the seed of T. nucifera in LPS-stimulated macrophage inflammatory responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, we measured nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, using RT-PCR, luciferase reporter gene assay, immunoblotting analysis, and kinase assay, the levels of inflammatory genes, transcription factors, and inflammatory signal-regulatory proteins were investigated. Finally, the constituent of Tn-EE-BF was identified using HPLC. RESULTS Tn-EE-BF inhibits NO and PGE2 production and also blocks mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in a dose dependent manner. Tn-EE-BF reduces nuclear levels of the transcriptional factors NF-κB (p65) and AP-1 (c-Jun and FRA-1). Surprisingly, we found that Tn-EE-BF inhibits phosphorylation levels of Src and Syk in the NF-κB pathway, as well as, IRAK1 at the protein level, part of the AP-1 pathway. By kinase assay, we confirmed that Src, Syk, and IRAK1 are suppressed directly. HPLC analysis indicates that arctigenin, amentoflavone, and quercetin may be active components with anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Tn-EE-BF exhibits anti-inflammatory activities by direct inhibition of Src/Syk/NF-κB and IRAK1/AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hyoung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Longevity Science Research Team, AmorePacific R&D Unit, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Baik
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyo Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Nam Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Foodservice Industry, Chungkang College of Cultural industries, Icheon 17390, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sik Rho
- Longevity Science Research Team, AmorePacific R&D Unit, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Seok Shin
- Longevity Science Research Team, AmorePacific R&D Unit, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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340
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Fan W, Qian S, Qian P, Li X. Antiviral activity of luteolin against Japanese encephalitis virus. Virus Res 2016; 220:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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341
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Kim BK, Cho JH, Jeong P, Lee Y, Lim JJ, Park KR, Eom SH, Kim YC. Benserazide, the first allosteric inhibitor of Coxsackievirus B3 3C protease. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1795-801. [PMID: 26022398 PMCID: PMC7094222 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 is the main cause of human viral myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. Virally encoded Coxsackievirus 3C protease (3C(pro)) plays an essential role in viral proliferation. Here, benserazide was discovered as a novel inhibitor from a drug library screen targeting Coxsackievirus 3C(pro) using a FRET-based enzyme assay. Benserazide, whose chemical structure has no electrophilic functional groups, was characterized as a non-competitive inhibitor by enzyme kinetic studies. A molecular docking study with benserazide and its analogs indicated that a novel putative allosteric binding site was involved. Specifically, a 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl moiety was determined to be a key pharmacophore for the enzyme's inhibitory activity. We suggest that the putative allosteric binding site may be a novel target for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyoung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju (GIST) 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Heui Cho
- New Drug Development Center (NDDC), Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-310, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeonghwa Jeong
- Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Systems Biology Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia Jia Lim
- School of Life Sciences, Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Systems Biology Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ryoung Park
- School of Life Sciences, Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Systems Biology Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Eom
- School of Life Sciences, Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Systems Biology Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju (GIST) 500-712, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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342
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Sanna G, Farci P, Busonera B, Murgia G, La Colla P, Giliberti G. Antiviral properties from plants of the Mediterranean flora. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:2065-70. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.1003187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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343
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González MA. Aromatic abietane diterpenoids: their biological activity and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:684-704. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biological properties of abietane-type diterpenoids with an aromatic C ring are reviewed. The review contains about 160 references.
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344
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González MA, Zaragozá RJ. Semisynthesis of the antiviral abietane diterpenoid jiadifenoic acid C from callitrisic acid (4-epidehydroabietic acid) isolated from sandarac resin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2114-2117. [PMID: 25166492 DOI: 10.1021/np500569y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The semisynthesis of the antiviral abietane diterpenoid (+)-jiadifenoic acid C starting from the available methyl ester of callitrisic acid (4-epidehydroabietic acid) isolated from sandarac resin is reported. A protocol for the isolation of methyl callitrisate (methyl 4-epidehydroabietate) in gram quantities from sandarac resin is also described. Allylic C-17 oxygenation was introduced by regioselective dehydrogenation of the isopropyl group of methyl callitrisate with DDQ followed by selenium-catalyzed allylic oxidation. Ester hydrolysis afforded (+)-jiadifenoic acid C in 22% overall yield from methyl callitrisate. This semisynthetic route provides a convenient source of this anti-Coxsackie virus B natural product for further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia , Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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345
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Abstract
Viral infections play an important role in human diseases, and recent outbreaks in the advent of globalization and ease of travel have underscored their prevention as a critical issue in safeguarding public health. Despite the progress made in immunization and drug development, many viruses lack preventive vaccines and efficient antiviral therapies, which are often beset by the generation of viral escape mutants. Thus, identifying novel antiviral drugs is of critical importance and natural products are an excellent source for such discoveries. In this mini-review, we summarize the antiviral effects reported for several natural products and herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chan Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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346
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Traditional Chinese medicine herbal extracts of Cibotium barometz, Gentiana scabra, Dioscorea batatas, Cassia tora, and Taxillus chinensis inhibit SARS-CoV replication. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 1:41-50. [PMID: 24716104 PMCID: PMC3942999 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) agents is pivotal to prevent the reemergence of the life-threatening disease, SARS. In this study, more than 200 extracts from Chinese medicinal herbs were evaluated for anti-SARS-CoV activities using a cell-based assay that measured SARS-CoV-induced cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in vitro on Vero E6 cells. Six herbal extracts, one each from Gentianae Radix (龍膽 lóng dǎn; the dried rhizome of Gentiana scabra), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (山藥 shān yào; the tuber of Dioscorea batatas), Cassiae Semen (決明子 jué míng zǐ; the dried seed of Cassia tora) and Loranthi Ramus (桑寄生 sāng jì shēng; the dried stem, with leaf of Taxillus chinensis) (designated as GSH, DBM, CTH and TCH, respectively), and two from Rhizoma Cibotii (狗脊 gǒu jǐ; the dried rhizome of Cibotium barometz) (designated as CBE and CBM), were found to be potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV at concentrations between 25 and 200 μg/ml. The concentrations of the six extracts needed to inhibit 50% of Vero E6 cell proliferation (CC50) and 50% of viral replication (EC50) were determined. The resulting selective index values (SI = CC50/EC50) of the most effective extracts CBE, GSH, DBM, CTH and TCH were > 59.4, > 57.5, > 62.1, > 59.4, and > 92.9, respectively. Among these extracts, CBM and DBM also showed significant inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease activity with IC50 values of 39 μg/ml and 44 μg/ml, respectively. Our findings suggest that these six herbal extracts may have potential as candidates for future development of anti-SARS therapeutics.
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347
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Synthesis, modification and docking studies of 5-sulfonyl isatin derivatives as SARS-CoV 3C-like protease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:292-302. [PMID: 24316352 PMCID: PMC7111328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a serious life-threatening and strikingly mortal respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV which contains a chymotrypsin-like main protease analogous to that of the main picornavirus protease, 3CL(pro). 3CL(pro) plays a pivotal role in the viral replication cycle and is a potential target for SARS inhibitor development. A series of isatin derivatives as possible SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitors was designed, synthesized, and evaluated by in vitro protease assay using fluorogenic substrate peptide, in which several showed potent inhibition against the 3CL(pro). Structure-activity relationship was analyzed, and possible binding interaction modes were proposed by molecular docking studies. Among all compounds, 8k₁ showed most potent inhibitory activity against 3CL(pro) (IC₅₀=1.04 μM). These results indicated that these inhibitors could be potentially developed into anti-SARS drugs.
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348
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Biogenesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Plant Powders and Assessment of In Vitro Cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 Cell Line. J Pharm Innov 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-013-9166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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349
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Park JY, Kim JH, Kwon JM, Kwon HJ, Jeong HJ, Kim YM, Kim D, Lee WS, Ryu YB. Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3730-7. [PMID: 23647823 PMCID: PMC7126891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) plays an important role in viral replication. In this study, we performed a biological evaluation on nine phlorotannins isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. The nine isolated phlorotannins (1-9), except phloroglucinol (1), possessed SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitory activities in a dose-dependently and competitive manner. Of these phlorotannins (1-9), two eckol groups with a diphenyl ether linked dieckol (8) showed the most potent SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) trans/cis-cleavage inhibitory effects (IC(50)s = 2.7 and 68.1 μM, respectively). This is the first report of a (8) phlorotannin chemotype significantly blocking the cleavage of SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) in a cell-based assay with no toxicity. Furthermore, dieckol (8) exhibited a high association rate in the SPR sensorgram and formed extremely strong hydrogen bonds to the catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of the SARS-CoV 3CL(pro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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350
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Park JY, Kim JH, Kim YM, Jeong HJ, Kim DW, Park KH, Kwon HJ, Park SJ, Lee WS, Ryu YB. Tanshinones as selective and slow-binding inhibitors for SARS-CoV cysteine proteases. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5928-35. [PMID: 22884354 PMCID: PMC7127169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the search for anti-SARS-CoV, tanshinones derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza were found to be specific and selective inhibitors for the SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) and PL(pro), viral cysteine proteases. A literature search for studies involving the seven isolated tanshinone hits showed that at present, none have been identified as coronaviral protease inhibitors. We have identified that all of the isolated tanshinones are good inhibitors of both cysteine proteases. However, their activity was slightly affected by subtle changes in structure and targeting enzymes. All isolated compounds (1-7) act as time dependent inhibitors of PL(pro), but no improved inhibition was observed following preincubation with the 3CL(pro). In a detail kinetic mechanism study, all of the tanshinones except rosmariquinone (7) were identified as noncompetitive enzyme isomerization inhibitors. However, rosmariquinone (7) showed a different kinetic mechanism through mixed-type simple reversible slow-binding inhibition. Furthermore, tanshinone I (5) exhibited the most potent nanomolar level inhibitory activity toward deubiquitinating (IC(50)=0.7 μM). Additionally, the inhibition is selective because these compounds do not exert significant inhibitory effects against other proteases including chymotrysin, papain, and HIV protease. These findings provide potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV viral infection and replication.
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Key Words
- ic50, the inhibitor concentration leading to 50% activity loss
- ki, inhibition constant
- kiapp, apparent ki
- k, rate constant
- vmax, maximum velocity
- km, michaelis-menten constant
- kobs, apparent first-order rate constant for the transition from vi to vs
- vi, initial velocity
- vs, steady-state rate
- sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- cov, coronavirus
- tanshinone
- sars-cov
- 3clpro
- plpro
- slow-binding inhibitor
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KRIBB, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hoon Kim
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KRIBB, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KRIBB, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jae Jeong
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KRIBB, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Wook Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program, IALS), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program, IALS), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KRIBB, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KRIBB, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Song Lee
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KRIBB, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Ryu
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KRIBB, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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