301
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Bond LM, Ntambi JM. UCP1 deficiency increases adipose tissue monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis and trafficking to the liver. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:224-236. [PMID: 29203476 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m078469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) facilitates thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes and can promote energy expenditure by decreasing mitochondrial respiratory efficiency. Defects in UCP1 and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis subject animals to chronic cold stress and elicit compensatory responses to generate heat. How UCP1 regulates white adipose tissue (WAT) lipid biology and tissue crosstalk is not completely understood. Here, we probed the effect of UCP1 deficiency on FA metabolism in inguinal and epididymal WAT and investigated how these metabolic perturbations influence hepatic lipid homeostasis. We report that at standard housing temperature (21°C), loss of UCP1 induces inguinal WAT de novo lipogenesis through transcriptional activation of the lipogenic gene program and elevated GLUT4. Inguinal adipocyte hyperplasia and depot expansion accompany the increase in lipid synthesis. We also found that UCP1 deficiency elevates adipose stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene expression, and increased inguinal WAT lipolysis supports the transport of adipose-derived palmitoleate (16:1n7) to the liver and hepatic triglyceride accumulation. The observed WAT and liver phenotypes were resolved by housing animals at thermoneutral housing (30°C). These data illustrate depot-specific responses to impaired BAT thermogenesis and communication between WAT and liver in UCP1-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bond
- Departments of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 .,Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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302
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Takada N, Omae M, Sagawa F, Chi NC, Endo S, Kozawa S, Sato TN. Re-evaluating the functional landscape of the cardiovascular system during development. Biol Open 2017; 6:1756-1770. [PMID: 28982700 PMCID: PMC5703621 DOI: 10.1242/bio.030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system facilitates body-wide distribution of oxygen, a vital process for the development and survival of virtually all vertebrates. However, the zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism, appears to form organs and survive mid-larval periods without a functional cardiovascular system. Despite such dispensability, it is the first organ to develop. Such enigma prompted us to hypothesize other cardiovascular functions that are important for developmental and/or physiological processes. Hence, systematic cellular ablations and functional perturbations were performed on the zebrafish cardiovascular system to gain comprehensive and body-wide understanding of such functions and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. This approach identifies a set of organ-specific genes, each implicated for important functions. The study also unveils distinct cardiovascular mechanisms, each differentially regulating their expressions in organ-specific and oxygen-independent manners. Such mechanisms are mediated by organ-vessel interactions, circulation-dependent signals, and circulation-independent beating-heart-derived signals. A comprehensive and body-wide functional landscape of the cardiovascular system reported herein may provide clues as to why it is the first organ to develop. Furthermore, these data could serve as a resource for the study of organ development and function. Summary: The body-wide landscape of the cardiovascular functions during development is reported. Such landscape may provide clues as to why the cardiovascular system is the first organ to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Takada
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Madoka Omae
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,Kyoto University, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sagawa
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Neil C Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613J, USA
| | - Satsuki Endo
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kozawa
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Thomas N Sato
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan .,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Centenary Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia
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303
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Rodriguez‐Perez N, Schiavi E, Frei R, Ferstl R, Wawrzyniak P, Smolinska S, Sokolowska M, Sievi N, Kohler M, Schmid‐Grendelmeier P, Michalovich D, Simpson K, Hessel E, Jutel M, Martin‐Fontecha M, Palomares O, Akdis C, O'Mahony L. Altered fatty acid metabolism and reduced stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase activity in asthma. Allergy 2017; 72:1744-1752. [PMID: 28397284 DOI: 10.1111/all.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids and lipid mediator signaling play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, yet this area remains largely underexplored. The aims of this study were (i) to examine fatty acid levels and their metabolism in obese and nonobese asthma patients and (ii) to determine the functional effects of altered fatty acid metabolism in experimental models. METHODS Medium- and long-chain fatty acid levels were quantified in serum from 161 human volunteers by LC/MS. Changes in stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) expression and activity were evaluated in the ovalbumin (OVA) and house dust mite (HDM) murine models. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients and controls were evaluated for SCD expression and activity. RESULTS The serum desaturation index (an indirect measure of SCD) was significantly reduced in nonobese asthma patients and in the OVA murine model. SCD1 gene expression was significantly reduced within the lungs following OVA or HDM challenge. Inhibition of SCD in mice promoted airway hyper-responsiveness. SCD1 expression was suppressed in bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients. IL-4 and IL-13 reduced epithelial cell SCD1 expression. Inhibition of SCD reduced surfactant protein C expression and suppressed rhinovirus-induced IP-10 secretion, which was associated with increased viral titers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate decreased fatty acid desaturase activity in humans with asthma. Experimental models in mice and human epithelial cells suggest that inhibition of desaturase activity leads to airway hyper-responsiveness and reduced antiviral defense. SCD may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Rodriguez‐Perez
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - E. Schiavi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - R. Frei
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - R. Ferstl
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - P. Wawrzyniak
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - S. Smolinska
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyWroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- ”ALL‐MED” Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - M. Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - N.A. Sievi
- Pulmonary Division University Hospital of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - M. Kohler
- Pulmonary Division University Hospital of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - P. Schmid‐Grendelmeier
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Allergy Unit Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - D. Michalovich
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit GlaxoSmithKlineStevenage UK
| | - K.D. Simpson
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit GlaxoSmithKlineStevenage UK
| | - E.M. Hessel
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit GlaxoSmithKlineStevenage UK
| | - M. Jutel
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyWroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- ”ALL‐MED” Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - M. Martin‐Fontecha
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - O. Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - C.A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - L. O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
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304
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Ray U, Roy SS. Aberrant lipid metabolism in cancer cells - the role of oncolipid-activated signaling. FEBS J 2017; 285:432-443. [PMID: 28971574 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic activity of malignant cells is very different from that of their nontransformed equivalents, which establishes metabolic reprogramming as an important hallmark of every transformed cell. In particular, the current arena of research in this field aims to understand the regulatory effect of oncogenic signaling on metabolic rewiring in transformed cells in order to exploit this for therapeutic benefit. Alterations in lipid metabolism are one of the main aspects of metabolic rewiring of transformed cells. Up-regulation of several lipogenic enzymes has been reported to be a characteristic of various cancer types. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a simple byproduct of the lipid biosynthesis pathway, has gained immense importance due to its elevated level in several cancers and associated growth-promoting activity. Importantly, a current study revealed its role in increased de novo lipid synthesis through up-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, a master regulator of lipid metabolism. This review summarizes the recent insights in the field of oncolipid LPA-mediated signaling in regard to lipid metabolism in cancers. Future work in this domain is required to understand the up-regulation of the de novo synthesis pathway and the role of its end products in malignant cells. This will open a new arena of research toward the development of specific metabolic inhibitors that can add to the pre-existing chemotherapeutics in order to increase the efficacy of clinical output in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Ray
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
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305
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Forney LA, Stone KP, Wanders D, Ntambi JM, Gettys TW. The role of suppression of hepatic SCD1 expression in the metabolic effects of dietary methionine restriction. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:123-130. [PMID: 28982014 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) produces concurrent increases in energy intake and expenditure, but the proportionately larger increase in energy expenditure (EE) effectively limits weight gain and adipose tissue accretion over time. Increased hepatic fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is essential to MR-dependent increases in EE, but it is unknown whether the downregulation of hepatic stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1) by MR could also be a contributing factor. Global deletion of SCD1 mimics cold exposure in mice housed at 23 °C by compromising the insular properties of the skin. The resulting cold stress increases EE, limits fat deposition, reduces hepatic lipids, and increases insulin sensitivity by activating thermoregulatory thermogenesis. To examine the efficacy of MR in the absence of SCD1 and without cold stress, the biological efficacy of MR in Scd1-/- mice housed near thermoneutrality (28 °C) was evaluated. Compared with wild-type mice on the control diet, Scd1-/- mice were leaner, had higher EE, lower hepatic and serum triglycerides, and lower serum leptin and insulin. Although dietary MR increased adipose tissue UCP1 expression, hepatic Fgf21 messenger RNA, 24 h EE, and reduced serum triglycerides in Scd1-/- mice, it failed to reduce adiposity or produce any further reduction in hepatic triglycerides, serum insulin, or serum leptin. These findings indicate that even when thermal stress is minimized, global deletion of SCD1 mimics and effectively masks many of the metabolic responses to dietary MR. However, the retention of several key effects of dietary MR in this model indicates that SCD1 is not a mediator of the biological effects of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Forney
- a Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- a Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Desiree Wanders
- b Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - James M Ntambi
- c Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- a Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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306
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Adachi Y, Itoh K, Yamada T, Cerveny KL, Suzuki TL, Macdonald P, Frohman MA, Ramachandran R, Iijima M, Sesaki H. Coincident Phosphatidic Acid Interaction Restrains Drp1 in Mitochondrial Division. Mol Cell 2017; 63:1034-43. [PMID: 27635761 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria divide to control their size, distribution, turnover, and function. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a critical mechanochemical GTPase that drives constriction during mitochondrial division. It is generally believed that mitochondrial division is regulated during recruitment of Drp1 to mitochondria and its oligomerization into a division apparatus. Here, we report an unforeseen mechanism that regulates mitochondrial division by coincident interactions of Drp1 with the head group and acyl chains of phospholipids. Drp1 recognizes the head group of phosphatidic acid (PA) and two saturated acyl chains of another phospholipid by penetrating into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. The dual phospholipid interactions restrain Drp1 via inhibition of oligomerization-stimulated GTP hydrolysis that promotes membrane constriction. Moreover, a PA-producing phospholipase, MitoPLD, binds Drp1, creating a PA-rich microenvironment in the vicinity of a division apparatus. Thus, PA controls the activation of Drp1 after the formation of the division apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Adachi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kara L Cerveny
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Takamichi L Suzuki
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Patrick Macdonald
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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307
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Poloni S, Spritzer PM, Mendes RH, D'Almeida V, Castro K, Sperb-Ludwig F, Kugele J, Tucci S, Blom HJ, Schwartz IVD. Leptin concentrations and SCD-1 indices in classical homocystinuria: Evidence for the role of sulfur amino acids in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:82-88. [PMID: 28801090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe body composition, lipid metabolism and Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) indices in patients with classical homocystinuria (HCU). METHODS Eleven treated HCU patients and 16 healthy controls were included. Body composition and bone mineral density were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sulfur amino acids (SAA) and their derivatives (total homocysteine, cysteine, methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and glutathione), lipids (free fatty acids, acylcarnitines, triglycerides and lipoproteins), glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and isoprostanes were measured in plasma. Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA-IR. To estimate liver SCD-1 activity, SCD-16 [16:1(n-7)/16:0] and SCD-18 [18:1(n-9)/18:0] desaturation indices were determined. RESULTS In HCU patients, SCD-16 index was significantly reduced (p=0.03). A trend of an association of SCD-16 index with cysteine was observed (r=0.624, p=0.054). HCU patients displayed lower lean mass (p<0.05), with no differences in fat mass percentage. Leptin and low-density lipoprotein concentrations were lower in HCU patients (p<0.05). Femur bone mineral density Z-scores were correlated with plasma cysteine (r=0.829; p=0.04) and total homocysteine (r=-0.829; p=0.04) in HCU patients. CONCLUSIONS We report alterations in leptin and SCD-1 in HCU patients. These results agree with previous findings from epidemiologic and animal studies, and support a role for SAA on lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Poloni
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences) - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberta H Mendes
- BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences) - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Castro
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sperb-Ludwig
- BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences) - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Johanna Kugele
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Tucci
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henk J Blom
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ida V D Schwartz
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; BRAIN Laboratory (Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences) - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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308
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Davis RAH, Halbrooks JE, Watkins EE, Fisher G, Hunter GR, Nagy TR, Plaisance EP. High-intensity interval training and calorie restriction promote remodeling of glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E243-E256. [PMID: 28588097 PMCID: PMC5582888 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00445.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) decreases adiposity, but the magnitude and defense of weight loss is less than predicted due to reductions in total daily energy expenditure (TEE). The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would increase markers of sympathetic activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and rescue CR-mediated reductions in EE to a greater extent than moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIT). Thirty-two 5-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed on ad libitum HFD for 11 wk, followed by randomization to one of four groups (n = 8/group) for an additional 15 wk: 1) CON (remain on HFD), 2) CR (25% lower energy intake), 3) CR + HIIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through HIIT), and 4) CR + MIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through MIT). Markers of adipose thermogenesis (Ucp1, Prdm16, Dio2, and Fgf21) were unchanged in either exercise group in inguinal or epididymal WAT, whereas CR + HIIT decreased Ucp1 expression in retroperitoneal WAT and brown adipose tissue. HIIT rescued CR-mediated reductions in lean body mass (LBM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), and both were associated with improvements in glucose/insulin tolerance. Improvements in glucose metabolism in the CR + HIIT group appear to be linked to a molecular signature that enhances glucose and lipid storage in skeletal muscle. Exercise performed at either moderate or high intensity does not increase markers of adipose thermogenesis when performed in the presence of CR but remodels skeletal muscle metabolic and thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A H Davis
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jacob E Halbrooks
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Emily E Watkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Eric P Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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309
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Anna I, Bartosz P, Lech P, Halina A. Novel strategies of Raman imaging for brain tumor research. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85290-85310. [PMID: 29156720 PMCID: PMC5689610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman diagnostics and imaging have been shown to be an effective tool for the analysis and discrimination of human brain tumors from normal structures. Raman spectroscopic methods have potential to be applied in clinical practice as they allow for identification of tumor margins during surgery. In this study, we investigate medulloblastoma (grade IV WHO) (n= 5), low-grade astrocytoma (grades I-II WHO) (n =4), ependymoma (n=3) and metastatic brain tumors (n= 1) and the tissue from the negative margins used as normal controls. We compare a high grade medulloblastoma, low grade astrocytoma and non-tumor samples from human central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Based on the properties of the Raman vibrational features and Raman images we provide a real–time feedback method that is label-free to monitor tumor metabolism that reveals reprogramming of biosynthesis of lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Our results indicate marked metabolic differences between low and high grade brain tumors. We discuss molecular mechanisms causing these metabolic changes, particularly lipid alterations in malignant medulloblastoma and low grade gliomas that may shed light on the mechanisms driving tumor recurrence thereby revealing new approaches for the treatment of malignant glioma. We have found that the high-grade tumors of central nervous system (medulloblastoma) exhibit enhanced level of β-sheet conformation and down-regulated level of α-helix conformation when comparing against normal tissue. We have found that almost all tumors studied in the paper have increased Raman signals of nucleic acids. This increase can be interpreted as increased DNA/RNA turnover in brain tumors. We have shown that the ratio of Raman intensities I2930/I2845 at 2930 and 2845 cm-1 is a good source of information on the ratio of lipid and protein contents. We have found that the ratio reflects the different lipid and protein contents of cancerous brain tissue compared to the non-tumor tissue. We found that levels of the saturated fatty acids were significantly reduced in the high grade medulloblastoma samples compared with non-tumor brain samples and low grade astrocytoma. Differences were also noted in the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content between medulloblastoma and non-tumor brain samples. The content of the oleic acid (OA) was significantly smaller in almost all brain high grade brain tumors than that observed in the control samples. It indicates that the fatty acid composition of human brain tumors differs from that found in non-tumor brain tissue. The iodine number NI for the normal brain tissue is 60. For comparison OA has 87, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 464, α-linolenic acid (ALA) 274. The high grade tumors have the iodine numbers between that for palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid (NI=0) and oleic acid (NI=87). Most low grade tumors have NI similar to that of OA. The iodine number for arachidonic acid (AA) (NI=334) is much higher than those observed for all studied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imiela Anna
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Polis Bartosz
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, 3-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Polis Lech
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, 3-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abramczyk Halina
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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310
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Zhang J, Song F, Zhao X, Jiang H, Wu X, Wang B, Zhou M, Tian M, Shi B, Wang H, Jia Y, Wang H, Pan X, Li Z. EGFR modulates monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis through phosphorylation of SCD1 in lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:127. [PMID: 28724430 PMCID: PMC5518108 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a well-known oncogenic driver, contributes to the initiation and progression of a wide range of cancer types. Aberrant lipid metabolism including highly produced monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. However, how EGFR regulates MUFA synthesis in cancer remains elusive. This is the focus of our study. Methods The interaction between EGFR and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) was detected byco-immunoprecipitation. SCD1 protein expression, stability and phosphorylation were tested by western blot. The synthesis of MUFA was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The growth of lung cancer was detected by CCK-8 assay, Annexin V/PI staining, colony formation assay and subcutaneous xenograft assay. The expression of activated EGFR, phosphorylated and total SCD1 was tested by immunohistochemistry in 90 non-small cell lung cancersamples. The clinical correlations were analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression. Results EGFR binds to and phosphorylates SCD1 at Y55. Phosphorylation of Y55 is required for maintaining SCD1 protein stability and thus increases MUFA level to facilitate lung cancer growth. Moreover, EGFR-stimulated cancer growth depends on SCD1 activity. Evaluation of non-small cell lung cancersamples reveals a positive correlation among EGFR activation, SCD1 Y55 phosphorylation and SCD1 protein expression. Furthermore, phospho-SCD1 Y55 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for poor patient survival. Conclusions Ourstudy demonstrates that EGFR stabilizes SCD1 through Y55 phosphorylation, thereby up-regulating MUFA synthesis to promote lung cancer growth. Thus, we provide the first evidence that SCD1 can be subtly controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation and uncover a previously unknown direct linkage between oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase and lipid metabolism in lung cancer. We also propose SCD1 Y55 phosphorylation as a potential diagnostic marker for lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0704-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College ofMedicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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311
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Zhang JJ, Hao JJ, Zhang YR, Wang YL, Li MY, Miao HL, Zou XJ, Liang B. Zinc mediates the SREBP-SCD axis to regulate lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1845-1854. [PMID: 28710073 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m077198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of lipid homeostasis is crucial for cells in response to lipid requirements or surplus. The SREBP transcription factors play essential roles in regulating lipid metabolism and are associated with many metabolic diseases. However, SREBP regulation of lipid metabolism is still not completely understood. Here, we showed that reduction of SBP-1, the only homolog of SREBPs in Caenorhabditis elegans, surprisingly led to a high level of zinc. On the contrary, zinc reduction by mutation of sur-7, encoding a member of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family, restored the fat accumulation and fatty acid profile of the sbp-1(ep79) mutant. Zinc reduction resulted in iron overload, which thereby directly activated the conversion activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a main target of SREBP, to promote lipid biosynthesis and accumulation. However, zinc reduction reversely repressed SBP-1 nuclear translocation and further downregulated the transcription expression of SCD for compensation. Collectively, we revealed zinc-mediated regulation of the SREBP-SCD axis in lipid metabolism, distinct from the negative regulation of SREBP-1 or SREBP-2 by phosphatidylcholine or cholesterol, respectively, thereby providing novel insights into the regulation of lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jun-Jun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yu-Ru Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ming-Yi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Hui-Lai Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xiao-Ju Zou
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of University in Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China .,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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312
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Dragos SM, Bergeron KF, Desmarais F, Suitor K, Wright DC, Mounier C, Mutch DM. Reduced SCD1 activity alters markers of fatty acid reesterification, glyceroneogenesis, and lipolysis in murine white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C295-C304. [PMID: 28659287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00097.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) has a critical role in lipid handling. Previous work demonstrated that SCD1 is an important regulator of WAT fatty acid (FA) composition; however, its influence on the various interconnected pathways influencing WAT lipid handling remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the role of SCD1 on WAT lipid handling using Scd1 knockout (KO) mice and SCD1-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring gene, protein, and metabolite markers related to FA reesterification, glyceroneogenesis, and lipolysis. Triacylglycerol (TAG) content was higher in inguinal WAT (iWAT) from KO mice compared with wild-type, but significantly lower in epididymal WAT (eWAT). The SCD1 desaturation index was decreased in both WAT depots in KO mice. FA reesterification, as measured with a NEFA:glycerol ratio, was reduced in both WAT depots in KO mice, as well as SCD1-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Pck1, Atgl, and Hsl gene expression was reduced in both WAT depots of KO mice, while Pck2 and Pdk4 gene expression showed depot-specific regulation. Pck1, Atgl, and Hsl gene expression was reduced, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein content was ablated, in SCD1-inhibited adipocytes. Our data provide evidence that SCD1 has a broad impact on WAT lipid handling by altering TAG composition in a depot-specific manner, reducing FA reesterification, and regulating markers of lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Dragos
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Karl F Bergeron
- Département des sciences biologiques et centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérik Desmarais
- Département des sciences biologiques et centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Suitor
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Département des sciences biologiques et centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
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313
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Haj-Yasein NN, Berg O, Jernerén F, Refsum H, Nebb HI, Dalen KT. Cysteine deprivation prevents induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 and adipose differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:623-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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314
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Hu Y, Tanaka T, Zhu J, Guan W, Wu JHY, Psaty BM, McKnight B, King IB, Sun Q, Richard M, Manichaikul A, Frazier-Wood AC, Kabagambe EK, Hopkins PN, Ordovas JM, Ferrucci L, Bandinelli S, Arnett DK, Chen YDI, Liang S, Siscovick DS, Tsai MY, Rich SS, Fornage M, Hu FB, Rimm EB, Jensen MK, Lemaitre RN, Mozaffarian D, Steffen LM, Morris AP, Li H, Lin X. Discovery and fine-mapping of loci associated with MUFAs through trans-ethnic meta-analysis in Chinese and European populations. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:974-981. [PMID: 28298293 PMCID: PMC5408616 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p071860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MUFAs are unsaturated FAs with one double bond and are derived from endogenous synthesis and dietary intake. Accumulating evidence has suggested that plasma and erythrocyte MUFA levels are associated with cardiometabolic disorders, including CVD, T2D, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified seven loci for plasma and erythrocyte palmitoleic and oleic acid levels in populations of European origin. To identify additional MUFA-associated loci and the potential functional variant at each locus, we performed ethnic-specific GWAS meta-analyses and trans-ethnic meta-analyses in more than 15,000 participants of Chinese and European ancestry. We identified novel genome-wide significant associations for vaccenic acid at FADS1/2 and PKD2L1 [log10(Bayes factor) ≥ 8.07] and for gondoic acid at FADS1/2 and GCKR [log10(Bayes factor) ≥ 6.22], and also observed improved fine-mapping resolutions at FADS1/2 and GCKR loci. The greatest improvement was observed at GCKR, where the number of variants in the 99% credible set was reduced from 16 (covering 94.8 kb) to 5 (covering 19.6 kb, including a missense variant rs1260326) after trans-ethnic meta-analysis. We also confirmed the previously reported associations of PKD2L1, FADS1/2, GCKR, and HIF1AN with palmitoleic acid and of FADS1/2 and LPCAT3 with oleic acid in the Chinese-specific GWAS and the trans-ethnic meta-analyses. Pathway-based analyses suggested that the identified loci were in unsaturated FA metabolism and signaling pathways. Our findings provide novel insight into the genetic basis relevant to MUFA metabolism and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Melissa Richard
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Alexis C Frazier-Wood
- USDA Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Edmond K Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Investigation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Huaixing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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315
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Ide T, Iwase H, Amano S, Sunahara S, Tachihara A, Yagi M, Watanabe T. Physiological effects of γ-linolenic acid and sesamin on hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 41:42-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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316
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Yang TH, Yao HT, Chiang MT. Red algae (Gelidium amansii) hot-water extract ameliorates lipid metabolism in hamsters fed a high-fat diet. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:931-938. [PMID: 28987370 PMCID: PMC9328878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gelidium amansii (GA) hot-water extracts (GHE) on lipid metabolism in hamsters. Six-week-old male Syrian hamsters were used as the experimental animals. Hamsters were divided into four groups: (1) control diet group (CON); (2) high-fat diet group (HF); (3) HF with GHE diet group (HF + GHE); (4) HF with probucol diet group (HF + PO). All groups were fed the experimental diets and drinking water ad libitum for 6 weeks. The results showed that GHE significantly decreased body weight, liver weight, and adipose tissue (perirenal and paraepididymal) weight. The HF diet induced an increase in plasma triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, GHE supplementation reversed the increase of plasma lipids caused by the HF diet. In addition, GHE increased fecal cholesterol, TG and bile acid excretion. Lower hepatic TC and TG levels were found with GHE treatment. GHE reduced hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) including SREBP 1 and SREBP 2 protein expressions. The phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein expression in hamsters was decreased by the HF diet; however, GHE supplementation increased the phosphorylation of AMPK protein expression. Our results suggest that GHE may ameliorate lipid metabolism in hamsters fed a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Yang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,
Taiwan, ROC
- Corresponding author. Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (M.-T. Chiang)
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317
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Coomans de Brachène A, Dif N, de Rocca Serra A, Bonnineau C, Velghe AI, Larondelle Y, Tyteca D, Demoulin JB. PDGF-induced fibroblast growth requires monounsaturated fatty acid production by stearoyl-CoA desaturase. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:414-423. [PMID: 28286737 PMCID: PMC5337901 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) catalyzes the Δ9-cis desaturation of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to generate monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). This enzyme is highly up-regulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in human fibroblasts. Accordingly, the analysis of cellular fatty acids by gas chromatography showed that PDGF significantly increased the proportion of MUFA, particularly palmitoleate, in cellular lipids. To further analyze the role of SCD in fibroblasts, we used small hairpin RNA targeting SCD (shSCD), which decreased the MUFA content. SCD down-regulation blunted the proliferation of fibroblasts in response to PDGF. This was confirmed using a pharmacological inhibitor of SCD. In addition, proliferation was blocked by palmitate and stearate (two SCD substrates) but not by palmitoleate and oleate (two SCD products). In the presence of an equal amount of oleate, palmitate had no effect on cell proliferation. SCD inhibition or down-regulation did not decrease PDGF receptor activity or signaling. However, by measuring plasma membrane lipid lateral diffusion by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we showed that the modulation of the MUFA/SFA ratio by PDGF and SCD inhibitor was related to modifications of membrane fluidity. Altogether, our data suggest that SCD is required for the response of normal fibroblasts to growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Dif
- de Duve Institute MEXP unit Université catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Chloé Bonnineau
- Institute of Life Sciences Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-La-Neuve Belgium
| | - Amélie I Velghe
- de Duve Institute MEXP unit Université catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Institute of Life Sciences Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-La-Neuve Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- de Duve Institute CELL unit Université catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
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318
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Ortega P, Vitorino HA, Moreira RG, Pinheiro MAA, Almeida AA, Custódio MR, Zanotto FP. Physiological differences in the crab Ucides cordatus from two populations inhabiting mangroves with different levels of cadmium contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:361-371. [PMID: 27329273 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crustaceans found in metal-contaminated regions are able to survive, and the authors investigated the physiological mechanisms involved by comparing populations from contaminated and noncontaminated areas. The objective of the present study was to measure the cellular transport of a nonessential metal (cadmium [Cd]) in gills and hepatopancreas of Ucides cordatus, together with cell membrane fluidity, metallothionein levels, and lipid peroxidation. The 2 populations compared were from a polluted and a nonpolluted mangrove area of São Paulo State, Brazil. The authors found, for the first time, larger Cd transport in gills and hepatopancreatic cells from crabs living in polluted mangrove areas. The cells also had lower plasma membrane fluidity, increased lipid peroxidation and less metallothionein compared to those from nonpolluted regions. The authors also found larger amounts of Cd in intracellular organelles of gills, but not in the hepatopancreas, from crabs in polluted regions. Therefore, in polluted areas, these animals showed higher Cd transport and lower plasma membrane fluidity and storage of Cd intracellularly in gill cells, whereas hepatopancreatic cells used metallothionein as their main line of defense. The findings suggest that crabs from polluted areas can accumulate Cd more easily than crabs from nonpolluted areas, probably because of an impairment of the regulatory mechanisms of cell membrane transport. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:361-371. © 2016 SETAC.
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319
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Drąg J, Goździalska A, Knapik-Czajka M, Gawędzka A, Gawlik K, Jaśkiewicz J. Effect of high carbohydrate diet on elongase and desaturase activity and accompanying gene expression in rat's liver. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:2. [PMID: 28138346 PMCID: PMC5264288 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatic fatty acids (FAs) are modified through different metabolic pathways including elongation and desaturation. These processes are catalyzed by elongases and desaturases, respectively. Glucose, by transcription factors, regulates these processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of high carbohydrate diet (68%) on the expression of elongase (Elovl-2, Elovl-5, and Elovl-6) and desaturase (∆5D, ∆6D, Scd 1, Scd 2) genes and the activity of the enzymes. The changes in serum lipid profile (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol) and glucose concentration were measured. Male Wistar rats were randomized into two study groups: animals fed with high carbohydrate diet (n = 6; HiCHO) and a control group fed with a standard diet (n = 6; ST). The expression of mRNA was determinate using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Hepatic FA composition was determined by gas chromatography, and FA ratios were used to estimate the activity of enzymes. Serum lipid profile and glucose concentration were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Results The mean values of transcript expression of all examined elongases and desaturases in liver HiCHO rats were higher as compared to ST. Higher expression did not always correspond to higher activity (as index). More monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) were detected in the liver of HiCHO rats as compared to ST. Serum TG level was higher in the HiCHO than in ST. Conclusions These studies support the notion that the regulation of both Elovl and desaturase expression may play an important role in managing hepatic lipid composition in response to changes in dietary status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Drąg
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 1 G. Herlinga-Grudzińskiego St., 30-705 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Goździalska
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Knapik-Czajka
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Gawędzka
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gawlik
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Jaśkiewicz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
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320
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Ogasawara Y, Kira S, Mukai Y, Noda T, Yamamoto A. Ole1, fatty acid desaturase, is required for Atg9 delivery and isolation membrane expansion during autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biol Open 2017; 6:35-40. [PMID: 27881438 PMCID: PMC5278431 DOI: 10.1242/bio.022053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy, a major degradation pathway of cytoplasmic components, is carried out through formation of a double-membrane structure, the autophagosome. Although the involvement of specific lipid species in the formation process remains largely obscure, we recently showed that mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) generated by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) are required for autophagosome formation in mammalian cells. To obtain further insight into the role of MUFA in autophagy, in this study we analyzed the autophagic phenotypes of the yeast mutant of OLE1, an orthologue of SCD1. Δole1 cells were defective in nitrogen starvation-induced autophagy, and the Cvt pathway, when oleic acid was not supplied. Defects in elongation of the isolation membrane led to a defect in autophagosome formation. In the absence of Ole1, the transmembrane protein Atg9 was not able to reach the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS), the site of autophagosome formation. Thus, autophagosome formation requires Ole1 during the delivery of Atg9 to the PAS/autophagosome from its cellular reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ogasawara
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kira
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Mukai
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate school of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
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321
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Association of desaturase activity and C-reactive protein in European children. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:27-32. [PMID: 27653088 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desaturase enzymes influence the fatty acid (FA) composition of body tissues and their activity affects the conversion rate of saturated to monounsaturated FA and of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) to long-chain PUFA. Desaturase activity has further been shown to be associated with inflammation. We investigate the association between delta-9 (D9D), delta-6 (D6D) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D) activity and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) in young children. METHODS In the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) cohort study children were examined at baseline (T0) and after 2 y (T1). D9D, D6D, and D5D activities were estimated from T0 product-precursor FA ratios. CRP was measured at T0 and T1. In a subsample of 1,943 children with available information on FA, CRP, and covariates, the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of desaturase activity and CRP were analyzed. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, a D9D increase of 0.01 units was associated with a 11% higher risk of having a serum CRP ≥ Percentile 75 (P75) (OR, 99% CI: 1.11 (1.01; 1.22)) whereas D6D and D5D were not associated with CRP. No significant associations were observed between baseline desaturase activity and CRP 2 y later. CONCLUSION Cross-sectionally, our results indicate a positive association of D9D and CRP independent of weight status. High D9D activity may increase the risk of subclinical inflammation which is associated with metabolic disorders. As D9D expression increases with higher intake of saturated FA and carbohydrates, dietary changes may influence D9D activity and thus CRP. However, it remains to be investigated whether there is a causal relationship between D9D activity and CRP.
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Hellmuth C, Uhl O, Standl M, Demmelmair H, Heinrich J, Koletzko B, Thiering E. Cord Blood Metabolome Is Highly Associated with Birth Weight, but Less Predictive for Later Weight Development. Obes Facts 2017; 10:85-100. [PMID: 28376503 PMCID: PMC5644937 DOI: 10.1159/000453001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fetal metabolism may be changed by the exposure to maternal factors, and the route to obesity may already set in utero. Cord blood metabolites might predict growth patterns and later obesity. We aimed to characterize associations of cord blood with birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and BMI in adolescence. METHODS Over 700 cord blood samples were collected from infants participating in the German birth cohort study LISAplus. Glycerophospholipid fatty acids (GPL-FA), polar lipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and amino acids were analyzed with a targeted, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based metabolomics platform. Cord blood metabolites were related to growth factors by linear regression models adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Cord blood metabolites were highly associated with birth weight. Lysophosphatidylcholines C16:1, C18:1, C20:3, C18:2, C20:4, C14:0, C16:0, C18:3, GPL-FA C20:3n-9, and GPL-FA C22:5n-6 were positively related to birth weight, while higher cord blood concentrations of NEFA C22:6, NEFA C20:5, GPL-FA C18:3n-3, and PCe C38:0 were associated with lower birth weight. Postnatal weight gain and BMI z-scores in adolescents were not significantly associated with cord blood metabolites after adjustment for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Potential long-term programming effects of the intrauterine environment and metabolism on later health cannot be predicted with profiling of the cord blood metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hellmuth
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- *Prof. Dr. Berthold Koletzko, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany,
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Burlina S, Dalfrà MG, Barison A, Marin R, Ragazzi E, Sartore G, Lapolla A. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition and desaturase activity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus before and after delivery. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:45-51. [PMID: 27638302 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Analyze plasma phospholipid fatty acids (PPFA) composition and desaturase activity in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and in women with a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) before and after delivery, and to evaluate the possible relationship between desaturase activity and inflammatory parameters. METHODS PPFA composition was analyzed by gas chromatography in 21 women with GDM and from 21 with NGT, during the third trimester of pregnancy and 6 months after delivery. We used fatty acid product-to-precursor ratios to estimate desaturase activity, and we also measured in all women interleukins six and ten, tumor necrosis factor alpha and C-reactive protein. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between NGT and GDM women in terms of PPFA composition, both in pregnancy and after pregnancy. Estimated desaturase Δ9-18 activity was significantly higher, and estimated desaturase Δ5 activity was significantly lower during pregnancy in all women. We observed no correlations between inflammatory markers and desaturases activity, during or after pregnancy, in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GDM does not influence PPFA composition and desaturase activity during pregnancy. In addition, late pregnancy characterized by hyperinsulinemia appears to upregulate desaturase Δ9-18 activity in NGT and GDM women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Burlina
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - M G Dalfrà
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - A Barison
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - R Marin
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - E Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - G Sartore
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100, Padua, Italy.
| | - A Lapolla
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100, Padua, Italy
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324
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Cha JY, Lee HJ. Targeting Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming as Anticancer Therapeutics. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:209-215. [PMID: 28053954 PMCID: PMC5207604 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.4.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to satisfy the demands of growth and survival, and this metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as an emerging hallmark of cancer. Lipid metabolism is pivotal in cellular process that converts nutrients into energy, building blocks for membrane biogenesis and the generation of signaling molecules. Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer cells show alterations in different aspects of lipid metabolism. The changes in lipid metabolism of cancer cells can affect numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The potential dependence of cancer cells on the deregulated lipid metabolism suggests that enzymes and regulating factors involved in this process are promising targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on the features associated with the lipid metabolic pathways in cancer, and highlight recent advances on the therapeutic targets of specific lipid metabolic enzymes or regulating factors and target-directed small molecules that can be potentially used as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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325
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Long-chain n-3 PUFA supplied by the usual diet decrease plasma stearoyl-CoA desaturase index in non-hypertriglyceridemic older adults at high vascular risk. Clin Nutr 2016; 37:157-162. [PMID: 27903410 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the central enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), has been associated with de novo lipogenesis. In experimental models SCD1 is down-regulated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but clinical studies are scarce. The effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA (LCn-3PUFA) supplied by the regular diet, in the absence of fatty fish or fish oil supplementation, remains to be explored. METHODS We related 1-y changes in plasma SCD1 index, as assessed by the C16:1n-7/C16:0 ratio, to both adiposity traits and nutrient intake changes in a sub-cohort (n = 243) of non-hypertriglyceridemic subjects of the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterranea) trial. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, including changes in fasting triglycerides, plasma SCD1 index increased in parallel with body weight (0.221 [95% confidence interval, 0.021 to 0.422], P = 0.031) and BMI (0.115 [0.027 to 0.202], P = 0.011). Additionally, dietary LCn-3PUFA (but not MUFA or plant-derived PUFA) were associated with decreased plasma SCD1 index (-0.544 [-1.044 to -0.043], P = 0.033, for each 1 g/d-increase in LCn-3PUFA). No associations were found for other food groups, but there was a trend for fatty fish intake (-0.083 [-0.177 to 0.012], P = 0.085, for each 10 g/d-increase). CONCLUSIONS Our data add clinical evidence on the down-regulation of plasma SCD1 index by LCn-3PUFA in the context of realistic changes in fish consumption in the customary, non-supplemented diet. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.Controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN35739639.
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326
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Homeoviscous Adaptation and the Regulation of Membrane Lipids. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:4776-4791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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327
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Lu L, Koulman A, Petry CJ, Jenkins B, Matthews L, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Ong KK, Dunger DB. An Unbiased Lipidomics Approach Identifies Early Second Trimester Lipids Predictive of Maternal Glycemic Traits and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:2232-2239. [PMID: 27703025 PMCID: PMC5123716 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between early second trimester serum lipidomic variation and maternal glycemic traits at 28 weeks and to identify predictive lipid biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective study of 817 pregnant women (discovery cohort, n = 200; validation cohort, n = 617) who provided an early second trimester serum sample and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 28 weeks. In the discovery cohort, lipids were measured using direct infusion mass spectrometry and correlated with OGTT results. Variable importance in projection (VIP) scores were used to identify candidate lipid biomarkers. Candidate biomarkers were measured in the validation cohort using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for associations with OGTT results and GDM status. RESULTS Early second trimester lipidomic variation was associated with 1-h postload glucose levels but not with fasting plasma glucose levels. Of the 13 lipid species identified by VIP scores, 10 had nominally significant associations with postload glucose levels. In the validation cohort, 5 of these 10 lipids had significant associations with postload glucose levels that were independent of maternal age and BMI, i.e., TG(51.1), TG(48:1), PC(32:1), PCae(40:3), and PCae(40:4). All except the last were also associated with maternal GDM status. Together, these four lipid biomarkers had moderate ability to predict GDM (area under curve [AUC] = 0.71 ± 0.04, P = 4.85 × 10-7) and improved the prediction of GDM by age and BMI alone from AUC 0.69 to AUC 0.74. CONCLUSIONS Specific early second trimester lipid biomarkers can predict maternal GDM status independent of maternal age and BMI, potentially enhancing risk factor-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjian Lu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Clive J Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Lee Matthews
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ieuan A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Carlo L Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ken K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, U.K
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328
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Dufrisne MB, Petrou VI, Clarke OB, Mancia F. Structural basis for catalysis at the membrane-water interface. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:1368-1385. [PMID: 27913292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-water interface forms a uniquely heterogeneous and geometrically constrained environment for enzymatic catalysis. Integral membrane enzymes sample three environments - the uniformly hydrophobic interior of the membrane, the aqueous extramembrane region, and the fuzzy, amphipathic interfacial region formed by the tightly packed headgroups of the components of the lipid bilayer. Depending on the nature of the substrates and the location of the site of chemical modification, catalysis may occur in each of these environments. The availability of structural information for alpha-helical enzyme families from each of these classes, as well as several beta-barrel enzymes from the bacterial outer membrane, has allowed us to review here the different ways in which each enzyme fold has adapted to the nature of the substrates, products, and the unique environment of the membrane. Our focus here is on enzymes that process lipidic substrates. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Lipids edited by Russell E. Bishop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Belcher Dufrisne
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vasileios I Petrou
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oliver B Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Filippo Mancia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Iwai T, Kume S, Chin-Kanasaki M, Kuwagata S, Araki H, Takeda N, Sugaya T, Uzu T, Maegawa H, Araki SI. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Protects Cells against Lipotoxicity-Mediated Apoptosis in Proximal Tubular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111868. [PMID: 27834856 PMCID: PMC5133868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acid (SFA)-related lipotoxicity is a pathogenesis of diabetes-related renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) damage, closely associated with a progressive decline in renal function. This study was designed to identify a free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism-related enzyme that can protect PTECs from SFA-related lipotoxicity. Among several enzymes involved in FFA metabolism, we identified stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), whose expression level significantly decreased in the kidneys of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice, compared with non-diabetic mice. SCD1 is an enzyme that desaturates SFAs, converting them to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), leading to the formation of neutral lipid droplets. In culture, retrovirus-mediated overexpression of SCD1 or MUFA treatment significantly ameliorated SFA-induced apoptosis in PTECs by enhancing intracellular lipid droplet formation. In contrast, siRNA against SCD1 exacerbated the apoptosis. Both overexpression of SCD1 and MUFA treatment reduced SFA-induced apoptosis via reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in cultured PTECs. Thus, HFD-induced decrease in renal SCD1 expression may play a pathogenic role in lipotoxicity-induced renal injury, and enhancing SCD1-mediated desaturation of SFA and subsequent formation of neutral lipid droplets may become a promising therapeutic target to reduce SFA-induced lipotoxicity. The present study provides a novel insight into lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Iwai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Masami Chin-Kanasaki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Shogo Kuwagata
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Hisazumi Araki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Naoko Takeda
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Takashi Uzu
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Araki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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Harasim-Symbor E, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Chabowski A. Additive effects of dexamethasone and palmitate on hepatic lipid accumulation and secretion. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:261-273. [PMID: 27707773 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic and natural glucocorticoids are able to highly modify liver lipid metabolism, which is possibly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development. We have assessed the changes in lipid and sphingolipid contents in hepatocytes, lipid composition and saturation status as well as the expression of proteins involved in fatty acid transport after both dexamethasone and palmitate treatments. The experiments were conducted on primary rat hepatocytes, incubated with dexamethasone and/or palmitic acid during short (16 h) and prolonged (40 h) exposure. Intracellular and extracellular lipid and sphingolipid contents were assessed by gas liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The expression of selected proteins was estimated by Western blotting. Short and prolonged exposure to dexamethasone combined with palmitic acid resulted in increased expression of fatty acid transporters, which was subsequently reflected by excessive intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerols and ceramide. The expression of microsomal transfer protein and cassette transporter was also significantly increased after dexamethasone and palmitate treatment, which was in accordance with elevated extracellular lipid and sphingolipid contents. Our data showed additive effects of dexamethasone and palmitate on protein-dependent fatty acid uptake in primary hepatocytes, resulting in the increased accumulation of triacylglycerols and sphingolipids. Moreover, the combined treatment altered fatty acid composition and diminished triacylglycerols desaturation index. Importantly, we observed that additive effects on both increased microsomal transport protein expression as well as elevated export of triacylglycerols, which may be relevant as a liver protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Białsytok, Podlaskie, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Białsytok, Podlaskie, Poland
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331
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Emami A, Fathi Nasri M, Ganjkhanlou M, Rashidi L, Zali A. Effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid on performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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332
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Nowak C, Salihovic S, Ganna A, Brandmaier S, Tukiainen T, Broeckling CD, Magnusson PK, Prenni JE, Wang-Sattler R, Peters A, Strauch K, Meitinger T, Giedraitis V, Ärnlöv J, Berne C, Gieger C, Ripatti S, Lind L, Pedersen NL, Sundström J, Ingelsson E, Fall T. Effect of Insulin Resistance on Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Levels: A Multi-cohort Non-targeted Metabolomics and Mendelian Randomization Study. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006379. [PMID: 27768686 PMCID: PMC5074591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion contribute to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Both are associated with changes in the circulating metabolome, but causal directions have been difficult to disentangle. We combined untargeted plasma metabolomics by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in three non-diabetic cohorts with Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to obtain new insights into early metabolic alterations in IR and impaired insulin secretion. In up to 910 elderly men we found associations of 52 metabolites with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp-measured IR and/or β-cell responsiveness (disposition index) during an oral glucose tolerance test. These implicated bile acid, glycerophospholipid and caffeine metabolism for IR and fatty acid biosynthesis for impaired insulin secretion. In MR analysis in two separate cohorts (n = 2,613) followed by replication in three independent studies profiled on different metabolomics platforms (n = 7,824 / 8,961 / 8,330), we discovered and replicated causal effects of IR on lower levels of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. A trend for a causal effect of IR on higher levels of tyrosine reached significance only in meta-analysis. In one of the largest studies combining "gold standard" measures for insulin responsiveness with non-targeted metabolomics, we found distinct metabolic profiles related to IR or impaired insulin secretion. We speculate that the causal effects on monounsaturated fatty acid levels could explain parts of the raised cardiovascular disease risk in IR that is independent of diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Nowak
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA,United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Brandmaier
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corey D. Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Patrik K. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica E. Prenni
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Berne
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (TF)
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333
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Cheng X, Xi QY, Wei S, Wu D, Ye RS, Chen T, Qi QE, Jiang QY, Wang SB, Wang LN, Zhu XT, Zhang YL. Critical role of miR-125b in lipogenesis by targeting stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1). J Anim Sci 2016; 94:65-76. [PMID: 26812313 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of gene expression tightly regulates lipogenesis. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), a key enzyme in lipogenesis, catalyzes the conversion of SFA to MUFA, and inhibition of its activity impairs lipid synthesis. As posttranscriptional regulators, microRNAs are involved in many pathways of lipid metabolism; however, their effect on SCD-1 has not been reported. In this study, miR-125b was identified as a potential regulator of SCD-1 using bioinformatics analysis. Here, we validated SCD-1 as the target of miR-125b using a dual luciferase assay. During adipogenesis, a synthetic mimic or inhibitor was used to overexpress or reduce the expression of miR-125b in porcine adipocytes. Overexpression of miR-125b reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and triglycerides concentration and repressed SCD-1 protein expression and MUFA composition. The inhibitor had the reverse effect. Small interfering RNA against tested in adipocytes further proved the direct correlation between miR-125b and SCD-1. Moreover, in vivo experiments in mice showed that injection of miR-125b expression vector decreased the hepatic triglycerides concentration relative to saline. This study indicated that miR-125b regulates lipogenesis by targeting SCD-1; therefore, miR-125b might be applied in therapy of lipid metabolism disorders.
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334
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Jung W, Kim EJ, Han SJ, Choi HG, Kim S. Characterization of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturases from a Psychrophilic Antarctic Copepod, Tigriopus kingsejongensis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:564-574. [PMID: 27627903 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is a key regulator in fatty acid metabolism that catalyzes the desaturation of stearic acid to oleic acid and controls the intracellular levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Two stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCD, Δ9 desaturases) genes were identified in an Antarctic copepod, Tigriopus kingsejongensis, that was collected in a tidal pool near the King Sejong Station, King George Island, Antarctica. Full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of two T. kingsejongensis SCDs (TkSCDs) were obtained from next-generation sequencing and isolated by reverse transcription PCR. DNA sequence lengths of the open reading frames of TkSCD-1 and TkSCD-2 were determined to be 1110 and 681 bp, respectively. The molecular weights deduced from the corresponding genes were estimated to be 43.1 kDa (TkSCD-1) and 26.1 kDa (TkSCD-2). The amino acid sequences were compared with those of fatty acid desaturases and sterol desaturases from various organisms and used to analyze the relationships among TkSCDs. As assessed by heterologous expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli, the enzymatic functions of both stearoyl-CoA desaturases revealed that the amount of C16:1 and C18:1 fatty acids increased by greater than 3-fold after induction with isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside. In particular, C18:1 fatty acid production increased greater than 10-fold in E. coli expressing TkSCD-1 and TkSCD-2. The results of this study suggest that both SCD genes from an Antarctic marine copepod encode a functional desaturase that is capable of increasing the amounts of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in a prokaryotic expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongsic Jung
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jae Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Han
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
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335
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Salmani Izadi M, Naserian AA, Nasiri MR, Majidzadeh Heravi R, Valizadeh R. Evaluation of SCD and FASN Gene Expression in Baluchi, Iran-Black, and Arman Sheep. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 5:33-39. [PMID: 28070532 PMCID: PMC5214681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing concern for health and nutrition, dietary fat has attracted considerable attention. The composition of fatty acids in the diet is important because they are associated with major diseases including cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9-desaturase) (SCD) genes affect fatty acid composition (1). The expression of SCD and FASN genes is related to an increase in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in dairy products, which benefits human health.The aim of current study was to investigate expression changes of SCD and FASN genes that resulted from crossbreeding the local Baluchi sheep with alien breeds. METHODS We collected tissue samples from the mammary glands of 24 single-born ewes from local Baluchi and synthetic Iran-Black and Arman sheep breeds in the Abbas Abad breeding center. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, real-time PCR was performed with all samples in triplicate. RESULTS The maximum and minimum expression of SCD and FASN genes was in the local Baluchi sheep and the crossbred Arman sheep, respectively. CONCLUSION With the highest SCD and FASN gene expression in local Baluchi sheep and relatively less expression of these genes in synthetic Iran-Black and Arman Sheep breeds, it may be necessary to consider the consequences of crossbreeding local sheep and the fatty acid composition of their dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salmani Izadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, International Campus, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Naserian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Valizadeh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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336
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Liu L, Wang S, Yao L, Li JX, Ma P, Jiang LR, Ke DZ, Pan YQ, Wang JW. Long-term fructose consumption prolongs hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity independent of upstream regulation in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:643-648. [PMID: 27697525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fructose is considered a risk factor for metabolic disorders, such as fatty liver disease. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of fructose is not well characterized. We investigated the hepatic expression of key regulatory genes related to lipid metabolism following fructose feeding under well-defined conditions. Rats were fed standard chow supplemented with 10% w/v fructose solution for 5 weeks, and killed after chow-fasting and fructose withdrawal (fasting) or chow-fasting and continued fructose (fructose alone) for 14 h. Hepatic deposition of triglycerides was found in rats from both groups. As expected, fructose alone increased mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related genes and correspondingly decreased mRNA levels of lipid oxidative genes in the liver. Interesting, hepatic levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)1 mRNA remained elevated under fructose withdrawn conditions, although expression levels of other genes, including two key transcription factors (carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c) fell to normal levels, indicating that long-term fructose intake increased SCD1 activity, independent of upstream regulatory genes, such as ChREBP and SREBP-1c. In conclusion, SCD1 overexpression in fatty liver disease is not affected by fasting after long-term fructose consumption in rats. Regulation of SCD1 plays an important role in fructose-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Shang Wang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Ling Yao
- The Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 China
| | - Jin-Xiu Li
- The Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 China
| | - Peng Ma
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Li-Rong Jiang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Da-Zhi Ke
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010 China
| | - Yong-Quan Pan
- The Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- The Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 China.
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337
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Zheng B, Jarugumilli GK, Chen B, Wu X. Chemical Probes to Directly Profile Palmitoleoylation of Proteins. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2022-2027. [PMID: 27558878 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Palmitoleoylation is a unique fatty acylation of proteins in which a monounsaturated fatty acid, palmitoleic acid (C16:1), is covalently attached to a protein. Wnt proteins are known to be palmitoleoylated by cis-Δ9 palmitoleate at conserved serine residues. O-palmitoleoylation plays a critical role in regulating Wnt secretion, binding to the receptors, and in the dynamics of Wnt signaling. Therefore, protein palmitoleoylation is important in tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Chemical probes based on saturated fatty acids, such as ω-alkynyl palmitic acid (Alk-14 or Alk-C16 ), have been used to study Wnt palmitoleoylation. However, such probes require prior conversion to the unsaturated fatty acid by stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in cells, significantly decreasing their selectivity and efficiency for studying protein palmitoleoylation. We synthesized and characterized ω-alkynyl cis- and trans-palmitoleic acids (cis- and trans-Alk-14:1) as chemical probes to directly study protein palmitoleoylation. We found that cis-Alk-14:1 could more efficiently label Wnt proteins in cells. Interestingly, the DHHC family of palmitoyl acyltransferases can charge both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, potentially using both as acyl donors in protein palmitoylation and palmitoleoylation. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of targets labeled by these probes revealed new cis- and trans-palmitoleoylated proteins. Our studies provided new chemical tools and revealed new insights into palmitoleoylation in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Gopala K Jarugumilli
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Baoen Chen
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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338
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Igal RA. Stearoyl CoA desaturase-1: New insights into a central regulator of cancer metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1865-1880. [PMID: 27639967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The processes of cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation involve an intricate array of biochemical and morphological changes that require a finely tuned modulation of metabolic pathways, chiefly among them is fatty acid metabolism. The critical participation of stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the fatty acyl Δ9-desaturing enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), in the mechanisms of replication and survival of mammalian cells, as well as their implication in the biological alterations of cancer have been actively investigated in recent years. This review examines the growing body of evidence that argues for a role of SCD1 as a central regulator of the complex synchronization of metabolic and signaling events that control cellular metabolism, cell cycle progression, survival, differentiation and transformation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States.
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339
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Díaz M, Fabelo N, Casañas-Sánchez V, Marin R, Gómez T, Quinto-Alemany D, Pérez JA. Hippocampal Lipid Homeostasis in APP/PS1 Mice is Modulated by a Complex Interplay Between Dietary DHA and Estrogens: Relevance for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:459-81. [PMID: 26519437 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that lipid homeostasis in the hippocampus is affected by different genetic, dietary, and hormonal factors, and that its deregulation may be associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise levels of influence of each of these factors and their potential interactions remain largely unknown, particularly during neurodegenerative processes. In the present study, we have performed multifactorial analyses of the combined effects of diets containing different doses of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), estrogen status (ovariectomized animals receiving vehicle or 17β-estradiol), and genotype (wild-type or transgenic APP/PS1 mice) in hippocampal lipid profiles. We have observed that the three factors affect lipid classes and fatty acid composition to different extents, and that strong interactions between these factors exist. The most aberrant lipid profiles were observed in APP/PS1 animals receiving DHA-poor diets and deprived of estrogens. Conversely, wild-type animals under a high-DHA diet and receiving estradiol exhibited a lipid profile that closely resembled that of the hippocampus of control animals. Interestingly, though the lipid signatures of APP/PS1 hippocampi markedly differed from wild-type, administration of a high-DHA diet in the presence of estrogens gave rise to a lipid profile that approached that of control animals. Paralleling changes in lipid composition, patterns of gene expression of enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis were also altered and affected by combination of experimental factors. Overall, these results indicate that hippocampal lipid homeostasis is strongly affected by hormonal and dietary conditions, and that manipulation of these factors might be incorporated in AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Díaz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Noemí Fabelo
- Department of Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Marin
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Tomás Gómez
- Department of Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Quinto-Alemany
- Department of Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José A Pérez
- Department of Genetics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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340
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Koizume S, Miyagi Y. Lipid Droplets: A Key Cellular Organelle Associated with Cancer Cell Survival under Normoxia and Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091430. [PMID: 27589734 PMCID: PMC5037709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect describes the phenomenon by which cancer cells obtain energy from glycolysis even under normoxic (O₂-sufficient) conditions. Tumor tissues are generally exposed to hypoxia owing to inefficient and aberrant vasculature. Cancer cells have multiple molecular mechanisms to adapt to such stress conditions by reprogramming the cellular metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factors are major transcription factors induced in cancer cells in response to hypoxia that contribute to the metabolic changes. In addition, cancer cells within hypoxic tumor areas have reduced access to serum components such as nutrients and lipids. However, the effect of such serum factor deprivation on cancer cell biology in the context of tumor hypoxia is not fully understood. Cancer cells are lipid-rich under normoxia and hypoxia, leading to the increased generation of a cellular organelle, the lipid droplet (LD). In recent years, the LD-mediated stress response mechanisms of cancer cells have been revealed. This review focuses on the production and functions of LDs in various types of cancer cells in relation to the associated cellular environment factors including tissue oxygenation status and metabolic mechanisms. This information will contribute to the current understanding of how cancer cells adapt to diverse tumor environments to promote their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koizume
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
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341
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Hellmuth C, Lindsay KL, Uhl O, Buss C, Wadhwa PD, Koletzko B, Entringer S. Association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with metabolomic profile across gestation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:159-169. [PMID: 27569686 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Elevated prepregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and excess gestational weight gain (GWG) constitute important prenatal exposures that may program adiposity and disease risk in offspring. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of pBMI and GWG on the maternal metabolomic profile across pregnancy, and to identify associations with birth weight. SUBJECTS/METHODS This is a longitudinal prospective study of 167 nondiabetic women carrying a singleton pregnancy. Women were recruited between March 2011 and December 2013 from antenatal clinics affiliated to the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center. Seven women were excluded from analyses because of a diagnosis of diabetes during pregnancy. A total of 254 plasma metabolites known to be related to obesity in nonpregnant populations were analyzed in each trimester using targeted metabolomics. The effects of pBMI and GWG on metabolites were tested through linear regression and principle component analysis, adjusting for maternal sociodemographic factors, diet, and insulin resistance. A Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparison testing. RESULTS pBMI was significantly associated with 40 metabolites. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) showed a strong positive association with pBMI, with specificity for mono-unsaturated and omega-6 NEFA. Among phospholipids, sphingomyelins with two double bonds and phosphatidylcholines containing 20:3 fatty acid chain, indicative of omega-6 NEFA, were positively associated with pBMI. Few associations between GWG, quality and quantity of the diet, insulin resistance and the maternal metabolome throughout gestation were detected. NEFA levels in the first and, to a lesser degree, in the second trimester were positively associated with birth weight percentiles. CONCLUSIONS Preconception obesity appears to have a stronger influence on the maternal metabolic milieu than gestational factors such as weight gain, dietary intake and insulin resistance, highlighting the critical importance of preconception health. NEFA in general, as well as monounsaturated and omega-6 fatty acid species in particular, represent key metabolites for a potential mechanism of intergenerational transfer of obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hellmuth
- Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Muenchen, Germany
| | - K L Lindsay
- UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - O Uhl
- Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Muenchen, Germany
| | - C Buss
- UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P D Wadhwa
- UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - B Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Muenchen, Germany
| | - S Entringer
- UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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342
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Warzych E, Pawlak P, Pszczola M, Cieslak A, Lechniak D. Prepubertal heifers versus cows-The differences in the follicular environment. Theriogenology 2016; 87:36-47. [PMID: 27634396 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oocyte quality is to a large extent influenced by the sexual maturity of the donor female. Although this phenomenon has already been broadly described in domestic animals, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Published data focus on oocyte ultrastructure, fertilization abnormalities, and blastocyst developmental rate. The goal of the present experiment was to characterize the follicular environment (oocyte, cumulus [CC] and granulosa (GC) cells as well as follicular fluid [FF]) in ovarian follicles of prepubertal heifers and cows. Each experimental replicate included the following set of traits within individual follicles: lipid droplets (LDs) number in oocytes, expression of seven genes involved in energy metabolism (fatty acids [FAs] metabolism-ELOVL2, ELOVL5, SCD, FADS2, glucose transport-GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT8) in CC and GC as well as FA composition and glucose concentration in FF. According to our results, cow oocytes were larger in diameter and contained more LD than those from prepubertal heifers, both before and after IVM. The LD number was also higher in cow oocytes after IVM, when compared to immature oocytes. The FF from cow follicles had elevated glucose content similarly to the majority of the analyzed FA. Transcript analysis revealed differences for five out of seven analyzed genes (ELOVL, FADS2, SCD, GLUT3, GLUT8) in CC and GC cells. However after considering the female category, the only difference was noticed for the mRNA of SCD gene, which was more abundant in cow GC. This finding may indicate distinct roles of CC and GC in follicular energy metabolism. In conclusions, we suggest that distinct properties of follicular environment in prepubertal heifers and cows may be responsible for differences in the quality of oocytes from the two categories of donors. We hypothesize that suboptimal environment in heifer follicles (glucose and FA lower content in FF) determines reduced quality of their oocytes (lower diameter and LD number) and limited maturation potential. Besides, energy demands of heifer oocytes may be restricted due to a low LD number, exerting a negative effect on the development of the future embryo. The advantages of cow gametes (e.g., higher LD number and diameter) attributed to oocytes of superior quality may support the statement that cows donate oocytes of better quality than heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Warzych
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - P Pawlak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Pszczola
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - D Lechniak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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343
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Yao D, Luo J, He Q, Shi H, Li J, Wang H, Xu H, Chen Z, Yi Y, Loor JJ. SCD1 Alters Long-Chain Fatty Acid (LCFA) Composition and Its Expression Is Directly Regulated by SREBP-1 and PPARγ 1 in Dairy Goat Mammary Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:635-649. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Qiuya He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy; Zhengzhou Henan P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Huifen Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Yi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences; University of IIlinois; Urbana Illinois
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344
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Casado-Díaz A, Anter J, Müller S, Winter P, Quesada-Gómez JM, Dorado G. Transcriptomic Analyses of Adipocyte Differentiation From Human Mesenchymal Stromal-Cells (MSC). J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:771-784. [PMID: 27349923 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a physiological process required for fat-tissue development, mainly involved in regulating the organism energetic-state. Abnormal distribution-changes and dysfunctions in such tissue are associated to different pathologies. Adipocytes are generated from progenitor cells, via a complex differentiating process not yet well understood. Therefore, we investigated differential mRNA and miRNA expression patterns of human mesenchymal stromal-cells (MSC) induced and not induced to differentiate into adipocytes by next (second)-generation sequencing. A total of 2,866 differentially expressed genes (101 encoding miRNA) were identified, with 705 (46 encoding miRNA) being upregulated in adipogenesis. They were related to different pathways, including PPARG, lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, redox, membrane-organelle biosynthesis, and endocrine system. Downregulated genes were related to extracellular matrix and cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Analyses of mRNA-miRNA interaction showed that repressed miRNA-encoding genes can act downregulating PPARG-related genes; mostly the PPARG activator (PPARGC1A). Induced miRNA-encoding genes regulate downregulated genes related to TGFB1. These results shed new light to understand adipose-tissue differentiation and physiology, increasing our knowledge about pathologies like obesity, type-2 diabetes and osteoporosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 771-784, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaouad Anter
- Dep. Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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345
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Peng H, Wei Z, Luo H, Yang Y, Wu Z, Gan L, Yang X. Inhibition of Fat Accumulation by Hesperidin in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5207-5214. [PMID: 27267939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin, abundant in citrus fruits, has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, radioprotective, and antiviral activities. However, relatively few studies on the effects of hesperidin on lipid metabolism have been reported. Here, using Caenorhaditis elegans as a model animal, we found that 100 μM hesperidin significantly decreased fat accumulation in both high-fat worms cultured in nematode growth medium containing 10 mM glucose (83.5 ± 1.2% versus control by Sudan Black B staining and 87.6 ± 2.0% versus control by Oil Red O staining; p < 0.001) and daf-2 mutant worms (87.8 ± 1.4% versus control by Oil Red O staining; p < 0.001). Furthermore, 50 μM hesperidin decreased the ratio of oleic acid/stearic acid (C18:1Δ9/C18:0) (p < 0.05), and supplementation of oleic acid could restore the inhibitory effect of hesperidin on fat accumulation. Hesperidin significantly downregulated the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fat-6, and fat-7 (p < 0.05), and mutation of fat-6 and fat-7 reversed fat accumulation inhibited by hesperidin. In addition, hesperidin decreased the expression of other genes involved in lipid metabolism, including pod-2, mdt-15, acs-2, and kat-1 (p < 0.05). These results suggested that hesperidin reduced fat accumulation by affecting several lipid metabolism pathways, such as fat-6 and fat-7. This study provided new insights into elucidating the mechanism underlying the regulation of lipid metabolism by hesperidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hujie Luo
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd. , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510665, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd. , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510665, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxing Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
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346
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Skarpengland T, Holm S, Scheffler K, Gregersen I, Dahl TB, Suganthan R, Segers FM, Østlie I, Otten JJT, Luna L, Ketelhuth DFJ, Lundberg AM, Neurauter CG, Hildrestrand G, Skjelland M, Bjørndal B, Svardal AM, Iversen PO, Hedin U, Nygård S, Olstad OK, Krohg-Sørensen K, Slupphaug G, Eide L, Kuśnierczyk A, Folkersen L, Ueland T, Berge RK, Hansson GK, Biessen EAL, Halvorsen B, Bjørås M, Aukrust P. Neil3-dependent base excision repair regulates lipid metabolism and prevents atherosclerosis in Apoe-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28337. [PMID: 27328939 PMCID: PMC4916448 DOI: 10.1038/srep28337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative DNA damage accumulates in atherosclerosis. Recently, we showed that a genetic variant in the human DNA repair enzyme NEIL3 was associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. Here, we explored the role of Neil3/NEIL3 in atherogenesis by both clinical and experimental approaches. Human carotid plaques revealed increased NEIL3 mRNA expression which significantly correlated with mRNA levels of the macrophage marker CD68. Apoe−/−Neil3−/− mice on high-fat diet showed accelerated plaque formation as compared to Apoe−/− mice, reflecting an atherogenic lipid profile, increased hepatic triglyceride levels and attenuated macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity. Apoe−/−Neil3−/− mice showed marked alterations in several pathways affecting hepatic lipid metabolism, but no genotypic alterations in genome integrity or genome-wide accumulation of oxidative DNA damage. These results suggest a novel role for the DNA glycosylase Neil3 in atherogenesis in balancing lipid metabolism and macrophage function, potentially independently of genome-wide canonical base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Skarpengland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Basic Medical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajikala Suganthan
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filip M Segers
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Østlie
- Department of Pathology,Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeroen J T Otten
- Department of Experimental Vascular Pathology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Luna
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna M Lundberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gunn Hildrestrand
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asbjørn M Svardal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per O Iversen
- Institute of Basic Medical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole K Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Krohg-Sørensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Eide
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Pathology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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347
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Rueda-Rincon N, Bloch K, Derua R, Vyas R, Harms A, Hankemeier T, Khan NA, Dehairs J, Bagadi M, Binda MM, Waelkens E, Marine JC, Swinnen JV. p53 attenuates AKT signaling by modulating membrane phospholipid composition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21240-54. [PMID: 26061814 PMCID: PMC4673262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is the central component of a complex network of signaling pathways that protect organisms against the propagation of cells carrying oncogenic mutations. Here we report a previously unrecognized role of p53 in membrane phospholipids composition. By repressing the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, SCD, the enzyme that converts saturated to mono-unsaturated fatty acids, p53 causes a shift in the content of phospholipids with mono-unsaturated acyl chains towards more saturated phospholipid species, particularly of the phosphatidylinositol headgroup class. This shift affects levels of phosphatidylinositol phosphates, attenuates the oncogenic AKT pathway, and contributes to the p53-mediated control of cell survival. These findings expand the p53 network to phospholipid metabolism and uncover a new molecular pathway connecting p53 to AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rueda-Rincon
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Bloch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajesh Vyas
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy Harms
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niamat Ali Khan
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muralidhararao Bagadi
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Mercedes Binda
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Gynécologie, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
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348
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Matschke J, Wiebeck E, Hurst S, Rudner J, Jendrossek V. Role of SGK1 for fatty acid uptake, cell survival and radioresistance of NCI-H460 lung cancer cells exposed to acute or chronic cycling severe hypoxia. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:75. [PMID: 27251632 PMCID: PMC4888512 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are required for cancer cell growth. In normoxia cells can generate unsaturated FA from saturated stearic and palmitic acid by desaturation. However, since the desaturation step is oxygen-dependent hypoxic cancer cells display an increased dependence on the uptake of unsaturated FA. Up to now the mechanism of increased FA uptake in hypoxia is largely unknown. Here we aimed to study the role of human serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1) in the regulation of FA uptake in cancer cells exposed to acute or chronic cycling hypoxia and explore its use as target for the radiosensitization of hypoxic cancer cells. Methods The effect of SGK1-inhibition (GSK650394) on NCI-H460 lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to normoxia, acute or chronic cycling hypoxia was analyzed under standard and serum-deprived conditions by short-term proliferation, apoptosis and cell death assays. The impact of SGK1-inhibition on radiation sensitivity was determined by standard colony formation assays. The effect of GSK650394 on FA uptake was quantified by measuring intracellular accumulation of fluorescent FA (C1-BODIPY®-C12). Results Exposure to acute or chronic cycling hypoxia was associated with up-regulated expression of SGK1 in NCI-H460 cells, increased uptake of FA from the culture medium, and increased sensitivity to serum deprivation. Survival of serum-deprived hypoxic NCI-H460 cells was rescued by the addition of the unsaturated FA, oleic acid, whereas the saturated FA, palmitic acid was highly toxic to the hypoxic cancer cells. Interestingly, SGK1 inhibition abrogated the rescue effect of oleic acid in serum-deprived hypoxic cancer cells and this effect was associated with a reduction in FA uptake particularly in anoxia-tolerant cancer cells exposed to severe hypoxia. Finally, SKG1 inhibition decreased long-term survival and potently sensitized the parental and anoxia-tolerant NCI-H460 cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation in normoxia as well as the anoxia-tolerant cancer cells in severe hypoxia. Conclusions Our data suggest that SGK1 plays a role in the regulation of FA uptake that becomes essential under conditions of acute or chronic cycling hypoxia. We assume that SGK1 may represent a promising therapeutic target for the eradication of hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisa Wiebeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hurst
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Justine Rudner
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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349
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Leskinen H, Viitala S, Mutikainen M, Kairenius P, Tapio I, Taponen J, Bernard L, Vilkki J, Shingfield KJ. Ruminal Infusions of Cobalt EDTA Modify Milk Fatty Acid Composition via Decreases in Fatty Acid Desaturation and Altered Gene Expression in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Cows. J Nutr 2016; 146:976-85. [PMID: 27075908 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.226100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous or ruminal infusion of lithium salt of cobalt EDTA (Co-EDTA) or cobalt-acetate alters milk fat composition in cattle, but the mechanisms involved are not known. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the effect of ruminal Co-EDTA infusion on milk FA composition, mammary lipid metabolism, and mammary lipogenic gene expression. METHODS For the experiment, 4 cows in midlactation and fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with 28-d periods. Co-EDTA was administered in the rumen to supply 0, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 g Co/d over an 18-d interval with a 10-d washout between experimental periods. Milk production was recorded daily, and milk FA composition was determined on alternate days. Mammary tissue was biopsied on day 16, and arteriovenous differences of circulating lipid fractions and FA uptake across the mammary gland were measured on day 18. RESULTS Co-EDTA had no effect on intake, proportions of rumen volatile FA, or milk production but caused dose-dependent changes in milk FA composition. Alterations in milk fat composition were evident within 3 d of infusion and characterized by linear or quadratic decreases (P < 0.05) in FAs containing a cis-9 double bond, an increase in 4:0 and 16:0, and linear decreases in milk 8:0, 10:0, 12:0, and 14:0 concentrations. Co-EDTA progressively decreased (P < 0.05) the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-catalyzed desaturation of FAs in the mammary gland by up to 72% but had no effect on mammary SCD1 mRNA or SCD protein abundance. Changes in milk FA composition were accompanied by altered expression of specific genes involved in de novo FA and triacylglycerol synthesis. CONCLUSION Ruminal infusion of Co-EDTA alters milk FA composition in cattle via a mechanism that involves decreases in the desaturation of FAs synthesized de novo or extracted from blood and alterations in mammary lipogenic gene expression, without affecting milk fat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Leskinen
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Sirja Viitala
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Mervi Mutikainen
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Piia Kairenius
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ilma Tapio
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Juhani Taponen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Adipose Tissue and Milk Lipid Laboratory, Herbivore Research Unit, INRA-Theix, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; and
| | - Johanna Vilkki
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Kevin J Shingfield
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Lavandera JV, Saín J, Fariña AC, Bernal CA, González MA. N-3 fatty acids reduced trans fatty acids retention and increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in the brain. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:424-435. [PMID: 27098669 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1173343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) are critical for the normal structure and function of the brain. Trans fatty acids (TFA) and the source of the dietary fatty acids (FA) interfere with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TFA supplementation in diets containing different proportions of n-9, n-6, and n-3 FA on the brain FA profile, including the retention of TFA, LC-PUFA levels, and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios. These parameters were also investigated in the liver, considering that LC-PUFA are mainly bioconverted from their dietary precursors in this tissue and transported by serum to the brain. Also, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) gene expressions were evaluated. METHODS Male CF1 mice were fed (16 weeks) diets containing different oils (olive, corn, and rapeseed) with distinct proportions of n-9, n-6, and n-3 FA (55.2/17.2/0.7, 32.0/51.3/0.9, and 61.1/18.4/8.6), respectively, substituted or not with 0.75% of TFA. FA composition of the brain, liver, and serum was assessed by gas chromatography. RESULTS TFA were incorporated into, and therefore retained in the brain, liver, and serum. However, the magnitude of retention was dependent on the tissue and type of isomer. In the brain, total TFA retention was lower than 1% in all diets. DISCUSSION Dietary n-3 PUFA decreased TFA retention and increased DHA accretion in the brain. The results underscore the importance of the type of dietary FA on the retention of TFA in the brain and also on the changes of the FA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Verónica Lavandera
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina.,b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Juliana Saín
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina.,b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Fariña
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Claudio Adrián Bernal
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina.,b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Marcela Aída González
- a Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
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