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Stephens TJ, Sigler ML, Herndon JH, Dispensa L, Le Moigne A. A placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of Imedeen(®) Time Perfection(®) for improving the appearance of photodamaged skin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:63-70. [PMID: 27042135 PMCID: PMC4801055 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s98787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the efficacy of Imedeen Time Perfection for improving the appearance and condition of photoaged skin in healthy women. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled healthy women, 35–60 years of age, with Fitzpatrick I–III and Glogau II–III skin types and mild-to-moderate facial fine lines/wrinkles. The eligible subjects were randomized to receive two tablets daily of either Imedeen Time Perfection (Imedeen) or a matching placebo for 12 weeks. Efficacy assessments included investigator rating of 16 photoaging parameters (ie, global facial appearance and 15 individual facial parameters and the average of all parameters), instrumentation (ie, ultrasound dermal density, moisture level of the stratum corneum, transepidermal water loss, cutometry), and subjects’ self-assessment. Differences in the mean change from baseline to week 12 values on these outcomes were compared between Imedeen and placebo using analysis of variance or a paired t-test. Results Seventy-four subjects with primarily Fitzpatrick skin type III (78%–79%) and Glogau type III (53%–58%) completed the study (Imedeen: n=36; placebo: n=38). The mean difference in change from baseline to week 12 for global facial assessment significantly favored Imedeen over placebo (−0.52; P=0.0017). Additionally, the mean differences in the average of all facial photoaging parameters (−0.29), mottled hyperpigmentation (−0.25), tactile laxity (−0.24), dullness (−0.47), and tactile roughness (−0.62) significantly favored Imedeen over placebo (P≤0.05). Significantly greater increases in ultrasound dermal density (+11% vs +1%; P≤0.05) and stratum corneum moisturization (+30% vs +6%; P≤0.05) were also observed for Imedeen than for placebo. There were no significant differences on other instrumental outcomes. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that Imedeen Time Perfection can positively affect the appearance of photoaged skin, moisturization, and skin density over 12 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monya L Sigler
- Thomas J. Stephens and Associates, Inc., Richardson, TX, USA
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353
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Protective Effect of Vitamins C and E on Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate-Induced Ovarian Oxidative Stress In Vivo. J Toxicol 2016; 2016:3134105. [PMID: 26966434 PMCID: PMC4761384 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was designed to investigate ameliorates effect of combined vitamins C and E able to against depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate- (DMPA-) induced ovarian oxidative stress in rat. Twenty-five female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups (n = 5 rats each): control (untreated) (C); depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA); DMPA plus green vitamin C (at dose of 0.2 mg/gram; 0.4 mg/gram; 0.8 mg/gram) and vitamin E (0.04 IU/gram). The treatment with combined vitamins C and E was performed for four weeks. Analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a marker of oxidative stress was done colorimetrically. Analysis of SOD level was done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technically. This increase in ovarium MDA was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated by medium dose treatments of combined vitamins C and E. DMPA insignificantly decreased SOD levels compared to the untreated group. This decrease in ovarian SOD level was significantly attenuated by all doses of the combined vitamins C and E. In conclusion, DMPA induces ovarian oxidative stress. Combined vitamins C and E prohibit the increase in ovarian lipid peroxidation, at least in part by modulating of superoxide dismutase. Therefore, this may provide an antioxidant therapy for attenuating the ovarian toxicity found in the DMPA therapy.
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Abuelo A, Alves-Nores V, Hernandez J, Muiño R, Benedito JL, Castillo C. Effect of Parenteral Antioxidant Supplementation During the Dry Period on Postpartum Glucose Tolerance in Dairy Cows. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:892-8. [PMID: 26971714 PMCID: PMC4913581 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exacerbated postparturient insulin resistance (IR) has been associated with several pathologic conditions in dairy cattle. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a causative role in IR in humans, and an association, but not direct relationship, between OS and IR recently has been reported in transition dairy cattle. Hypothesis Supplementation with antioxidants shortly before calving improves glucose tolerance after parturition in dairy cattle. Animals Ten late‐pregnant Holstein cows entering their 2nd to 5th lactation. Methods Randomized placebo‐controlled trial: 15 ± 2 days before expected calving, the treatment group received an injection of DL‐alpha‐tocopheryl acetate at a dosage of 6 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 0.06 mg/kg BW of sodium selenite, and the control group was injected with isotonic saline. During the first week after calving, both groups underwent glucose tolerance testing (0.25 g glucose/kg BW). Commercial assays were used to quantify the concentrations of glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta‐hydroxybutyrate, and markers of redox status in blood. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test (α = 0.05). Results Supplemented cows showed a lower risk for OS, as reflected by a lower OS index (P = .036), different areas under the curve for the concentrations of glucose (P < .01), insulin (P = .043), and NEFA (P = .041), more rapid elimination rates (P = .080, <.01 and .047 respectively), and shorter half‐lives (P = .040, <.01 and .032) of these metabolites. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Supplementation with antioxidants before calving resulted in greater insulin sensitivity after calving, thereby suggesting the role of OS in the development of IR in cattle and the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation in minimizing the consequences of negative energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abuelo
- Department of Animal Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - V Alves-Nores
- Department of Animal Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - J Hernandez
- Department of Animal Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - R Muiño
- Centro Veterinario de Meira, Meira, Spain
| | - J L Benedito
- Department of Animal Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - C Castillo
- Department of Animal Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Influence of Extraction Solvents on Cosmos caudatus Leaf Antioxidant Properties. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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356
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Li H, Chen M, Pang P, Wang H, Wu Z, Yang W. Determination of Ascorbic Acid by a Gold–Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1142557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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357
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de los Reyes C, Ortega MJ, Zbakh H, Motilva V, Zubía E. Cystoseira usneoides: A Brown Alga Rich in Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Meroditerpenoids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:395-405. [PMID: 26859694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new meroditerpenoids, 1-12, along with eight known compounds, have been isolated from the brown alga Cystoseira usneoides collected off the coast of Tarifa (Spain). The structures of the new metabolites have been established by spectroscopic techniques. All of the new compounds consist of a toluhydroquinone-derived nucleus linked to a regular diterpenoid moiety, which can either be acyclic or contain an ether ring. Most structural diversity arises from the presence of different oxygenated functionalities and unsaturations along the two terminal isoprenoid units of the diterpene backbone. Twelve of the isolated meroditerpenes have been tested in antioxidant assays. All of them have shown radical-scavenging activity. The most active compounds were cystodiones G (1) and H (2), 11-hydroxyamentadione (15), and amentadione (16), which exhibited antioxidant activities in the range of 77-87% that of the Trolox standard. In anti-inflammatory assays, cystodiones G (1) and M (6), cystone C (9), 11-hydroxyamentadione (15), and amentadione (16) showed significant activity as inhibitors of the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in LPS-stimulated THP-1 human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de los Reyes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - María J Ortega
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Hanaa Zbakh
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essâadi , 93030 Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Zubía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
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Kennedy DO, Stevenson EJ, Jackson PA, Dunn S, Wishart K, Bieri G, Barella L, Carne A, Dodd FL, Robertson BC, Forster J, Haskell-Ramsay CF. Multivitamins and minerals modulate whole-body energy metabolism and cerebral blood-flow during cognitive task performance: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:11. [PMID: 26870152 PMCID: PMC4750202 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is by far the most metabolically active organ in the body, with overall energy expenditure and local blood-supply closely related to neural activity. Both energy metabolism and cerebral vaso-dilation are dependent on adequate micronutrient status. This study investigated whether supplementation with ascending doses of multi-vitamin/minerals could modulate the metabolic and cerebral blood-flow consequences of performing cognitive tasks that varied in difficulty. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups study 97 healthy females (25-49 y), who were not selected on the basis of any nutritional parameters, received either placebo or one of two doses of multivitamins/minerals. Cerebral blood-flow (CBF) parameters in the frontal cortex, and total energy expenditure (TotalEnergy), carbohydrate and fat oxidation (CarbOxi/FatOxi), were measured during 5 tasks of graded cognitive difficulty and a control task (5 min per task) using Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and Indirect calorimetry of exhaled pulmonary gas (ICa) respectively. Assessments took place 60 min after the first dose and following eight weeks supplementation. RESULTS During task performance supplementation with the first dose of micronutrients led to a dose-dependent increase in TotalEnergy and FatOxi throughout the post-dose assessment period following the higher dose, and increases in the total concentration of haemoglobin, a proxy measure for CBF, during task performance following the lower dose of vitamins/minerals (also containing coenzyme-Q10). Chronic supplementation over 8 weeks led to a dose-dependent increase in TotalEnergy during the task period. There were no interpretable effects on mood or cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS These results show that acute supplementation with micronutrients in healthy adults can modulate metabolic parameters and cerebral blood flow during cognitive task performance, and that the metabolic consequences are sustained during chronic supplementation. These findings suggest that both brain function and metabolism are amenable to micronutrient supplementation, even in adults who are assumed to have nutritional status typical of the population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT02381964.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Kennedy
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Philippa A Jackson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Sarah Dunn
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Karl Wishart
- Bayer HealthCare - Consumer Care, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bieri
- Bayer HealthCare - Consumer Care, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Barella
- Bayer HealthCare - Consumer Care, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Carne
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Fiona L Dodd
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Bernadette C Robertson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Joanne Forster
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Crystal F Haskell-Ramsay
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
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Riffel APK, de Souza JA, Santos MDCQ, Horst A, Scheid T, Kolberg C, Belló-Klein A, Partata WA. Systemic administration of vitamins C and E attenuates nociception induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:169-77. [PMID: 26855326 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants have been tested to treat neuropathic pain, and α-Tocopherol (vitamin E--vit. E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C--vit. C) are potent antioxidants. We assessed the effect of intraperitoneal administration of vit. C (30 mg/kg/day) and vit. E (15 mg/kg/day), given alone or in combination, on the mechanical and thermal thresholds and the sciatic functional index (SFI) in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. We also determined the lipid hydroperoxides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the injured sciatic nerve. Further, we assessed the effects of oral administration of vit. C+vit. E (vit. C+E) and of a combination of vit. C+E and gabapentin (100mg/kg/day, i.p.) on the mechanical and thermal thresholds of CCI rats. The vitamins, whether administered orally or i.p., attenuated the reductions in the mechanical and thermal thresholds induced by CCI. The antinociceptive effect was greater with a combination of vit. C+E than with each vitamin given alone. The SFI was also improved in vitamin-treated CCI rats. Co-administration of vit. C+E and gabapentin induced a greater antinociceptive effect than gabapentin alone. No significant change occurred in TAC and lipid hydroperoxide levels, but TAC increased (45%) while lipid hydroperoxides decreased (38%) in the sciatic nerve from vit. C+E-treated CCI rats. Thus, treatment with a combination of vit. C+E was more effective to treat CCI-induced neuropathic pain than vitamins alone, and the antinociceptive effect was greater with co-administration of vit. C+E and gabapentin than with gabapentin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula K Riffel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica A de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Q Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andréa Horst
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Taína Scheid
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Kolberg
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wania A Partata
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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360
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Pichler Hefti J, Leichtle A, Stutz M, Hefti U, Geiser T, Huber AR, Merz TM. Increased endothelial microparticles and oxidative stress at extreme altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:739-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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361
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Timmons RM, Webb CB. Vitamin E supplementation fails to impact measures of oxidative stress or the anaemia of feline chronic kidney disease: a randomised, double-blinded placebo control study. Vet Med Sci 2016; 2:117-124. [PMID: 29067185 PMCID: PMC5645861 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that supplementation with vitamin E, an antioxidant, in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), would reduce oxidative stress and its impact on RBC membrane fragility, resulting in these cats maintaining a greater packed cell volume (PCV) compared with CKD cats not receiving supplementation. Thirty‐six cats with CKD were randomly assigned to receive either daily vitamin E or a placebo for 3 months in a double‐blinded study design. History and physical examination, blood pressure, complete blood count (CBC), PCV, biochemical profile and urinalysis (UA) were determined. Parameters of oxidative stress and osmotic fragility were measured. Cats were administered vitamin E or placebo once daily for 3 months. Cats were then reassessed and the diagnostics were repeated. Twenty‐four cats completed the study, 11 in the vitamin E group and 13 in the placebo group. There were no significant differences between the two groups at the start, or upon completion of the study with regard to biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, erythrocyte osmotic fragility or PCV. None of these parameters changed significantly in either group over the treatment period. Daily supplementation with 30 IU of vitamin E did not affect the measures of oxidative stress or the anaemia seen in cats with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Timmons
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523
| | - Craig B Webb
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523
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362
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363
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Cervinkova B, Krcmova LK, Solichova D, Melichar B, Solich P. Recent advances in the determination of tocopherols in biological fluids: from sample pretreatment and liquid chromatography to clinical studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2407-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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364
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Kodama Y, Kishimoto Y, Muramatsu Y, Tatebe J, Yamamoto Y, Hirota N, Itoigawa Y, Atsuta R, Koike K, Sato T, Aizawa K, Takahashi K, Morita T, Homma S, Seyama K, Ishigami A. Antioxidant nutrients in plasma of Japanese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma-COPD overlap syndrome and bronchial asthma. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2016; 11:915-924. [PMID: 26667049 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies to date have investigated the antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), retinol and carotenoids in plasma from patients with pulmonary disease in Japan. To clarify the role of antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin E, retinol and various carotenoids in plasma of Japanese patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD), asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) and/or bronchial asthma (BA), we compared to healthy elderly controls. METHODS Ascorbic acid (AA), carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene and lycopene), retinol and α-tocopherol levels in plasma were determined by using a high performance liquid chromatography. Reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidised glutathione (GSSG) in whole blood and urinary 8-OHdG were also determined. RESULTS Plasma AA level of COPD subjects was significantly lower than that of healthy elderly people. Conversely, ACOS and BA subjects showed no significant difference from healthy elderly people. Moreover, plasma lycopene and total carotenoid levels and GSH content in blood were significantly lower in COPD subjects than these in healthy elderly people. However, other redox markers such as GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio and urinary 8-OHdG found no significant differences between COPD, ACOS and BA compared to healthy elderly people. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that COPD of Japanese patients may develop partly because of oxidative stress derived from a shortage of antioxidant nutrients, especially of AA and lycopene, as well as GSH while this may not be the case in both ACOS and BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kishimoto
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Muramatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tatebe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- Research & Development Division, Kagome, Nasu-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nao Hirota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinari Itoigawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Atsuta
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Koike
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sato
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koich Aizawa
- Research & Development Division, Kagome, Nasu-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshisuke Morita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Homma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Seyama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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365
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Cui Y, Zhuang D, Tan T, Yang J. Highly sensitive visual detection of mutant DNA based on polymeric nanoparticles-participating amplification. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19860k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of the nanoparticles' large surface area and structural repeating characteristics, polymeric nanoparticles-participating polymerization-based amplification system was designed to enhance the sensitivity of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Dequan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Tianwei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
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366
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Song Y, Xie Y, Yang J, Li R, Jin X, Yang J. A poly(ascorbyl acrylate)-containing nanoplatform with anticancer activity and the sequential combination therapy with its loaded paclitaxel. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6588-6596. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex nanocarriers combined with the loaded therapeutic agents to achieve synergistic tumor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Yanqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Junjiao Yang
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Ruiqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Xu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100050
- China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
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367
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Basha RH, Sankaranarayanan C. β-Caryophyllene, a natural sesquiterpene lactone attenuates hyperglycemia mediated oxidative and inflammatory stress in experimental diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 245:50-8. [PMID: 26748309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative and inflammatory stress has been implicated in the onset and progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of β-Caryophyllene (BCP) on hyperglycemia mediated oxidative and inflammatory stress in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in experimental rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w.) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Diabetic rats exhibited increased blood glucose with significant decrease in plasma insulin levels. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of non-enzymic antioxidants were decreased while increases in the levels of lipidperoxidative markers, protein carbonyls and conjugated dienes were observed in pancreatic tissues of diabetic rats. An elevation of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were observed in plasma and pancreatic tissues of diabetic rats. Intragastric administration of BCP (200 mg/kg b.w) for 45 days significantly decreased glucose and increased insulin levels in diabetic rats. BCP administration significantly restored antioxidant status and decreased proinflammatory cytokines in diabetic rats. These findings were supported by histological and immunohistochemical studies. Thus, we conclude that oral administration of BCP effectively rescued β-cells by mitigating hyperglycemia through enhancing insulin release and also averted oxidative/inflammatory stress in pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats. The efficacy of BCP was compared with glibenclamide, a standard antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafeek Hidhayath Basha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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368
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Sharma VK, Mamontov E, Tyagi M, Urban VS. Effect of α-Tocopherol on the Microscopic Dynamics of Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:154-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. K. Sharma
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Solid
State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - E. Mamontov
- Chemical
and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - M. Tyagi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - V. S. Urban
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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369
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Alcântara BK, Machemer-Noonan K, Silva Júnior FG, Azevedo RA. Dry Priming of Maize Seeds Reduces Aluminum Stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145742. [PMID: 26714286 PMCID: PMC4694655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is directly related to acidic soils and substantially limits maize yield. Earlier studies using hormones and other substances to treat the seeds of various crops have been carried out with the aim of inducing tolerance to abiotic stress, especially chilling, drought and salinity. However, more studies regarding the effects of seed treatments on the induction of Al tolerance are necessary. In this study, two independent experiments were performed to determine the effect of ascorbic acid (AsA) seed treatment on the tolerance response of maize to acidic soil and Al stress. In the first experiment (greenhouse), the AsA seed treatment was tested in B73 (Al-sensitive genotype). This study demonstrates the potential of AsA for use as a pre-sowing seed treatment (seed priming) because this metabolite increased root and shoot growth under acidic and Al stress conditions. In the second test, the evidence from field experiments using an Al-sensitive genotype (Mo17) and an Al-tolerant genotype (DA) suggested that prior AsA seed treatment increased the growth of both genotypes. Enhanced productivity was observed for DA under Al stress after priming the seeds. Furthermore, the AsA treatment decreased the activity of oxidative stress-related enzymes in the DA genotype. In this study, remarkable effects using AsA seed treatment in maize were observed, demonstrating the potential future use of AsA in seed priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Kussumoto Alcântara
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Katja Machemer-Noonan
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Rightmire Hall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Francides Gomes Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
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371
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West KP, Cole RN, Shrestha S, Schulze KJ, Lee SE, Betz J, Nonyane BAS, Wu LSF, Yager JD, Groopman JD, Christian P. A Plasma α-Tocopherome Can Be Identified from Proteins Associated with Vitamin E Status in School-Aged Children of Nepal. J Nutr 2015; 145:2646-56. [PMID: 26446483 PMCID: PMC6619677 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.210682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term vitamin E describes a family of 8 vitamers, 1 of which is α-tocopherol, that is essential for human health. Vitamin E status remains largely unknown in low-income countries because of the complexity and cost of measurement. Quantitative proteomics may offer an approach for identifying plasma proteins for assessing vitamin E status in these populations. OBJECTIVE To improve options for vitamin E status assessment, we sought to detect and quantify a set of plasma proteins associated with α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations in a cohort of 500 rural Nepalese children aged 6-8 y and, based on nutrient-protein associations, to predict the prevalence of vitamin E deficiency (α-tocopherol <12 μmol/L). METHODS Study children were born to mothers enrolled in an earlier antenatal micronutrient trial in Sarlahi District, Nepal. Plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma aliquots were depleted of 6 high-abundance proteins, digested with trypsin, labeled with isobaric mass tags, and assessed for relative protein abundance by tandem mass spectrometry. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between α-tocopherol status and relative protein abundance and to predict deficiency. RESULTS We quantified 982 plasma proteins in >10% of all child samples, of which 119 correlated with α-tocopherol (false discovery rate, q < 0.10). Proteins were primarily involved in lipid transport, coagulation, repair, innate host defenses, neural function, and homeostasis. Six proteins [apolipoprotein (apo)C-III; apoB; pyruvate kinase, muscle; forkhead box 04; unc5 homolog C; and regulator of G-protein signaling 8] explained 71% of the variability in plasma α-tocopherol, predicting an in-sample population prevalence of vitamin E deficiency of 51.4% (95% CI: 46.4%, 56.3%) compared with a measured prevalence of 54.8%. Plasma γ-tocopherol was associated with 12 proteins (q < 0.10), 2 of which (apoC-III and Misato 1) explained 20% of its variability. CONCLUSIONS In this undernourished population of children in South Asia, quantitative proteomics identified a large plasma α-tocopherome from which 6 proteins predicted the prevalence of vitamin E deficiency. The findings illustrate that protein biomarkers, once absolutely quantified, can potentially predict micronutrient deficiencies in populations. The maternal micronutrient supplementation trial from which data were derived as a follow-up activity was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00115271.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Mass
Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sudeep Shrestha
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kerry J Schulze
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sun Eun Lee
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joshua Betz
- Departments of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of
Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bareng AS Nonyane
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lee S-F Wu
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - James D Yager
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Human Nutrition,
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - John D Groopman
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Human Nutrition,
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Parul Christian
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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372
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Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28194-217. [PMID: 26633354 PMCID: PMC4691042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is a key antioxidant of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Under brain activity, ascorbic acid is released from glial reservoirs to the synaptic cleft, where it is taken up by neurons. In neurons, ascorbic acid scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during synaptic activity and neuronal metabolism where it is then oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid and released into the extracellular space, where it can be recycled by astrocytes. Other intrinsic properties of ascorbic acid, beyond acting as an antioxidant, are important in its role as a key molecule of the CNS. Ascorbic acid can switch neuronal metabolism from glucose consumption to uptake and use of lactate as a metabolic substrate to sustain synaptic activity. Multiple evidence links oxidative stress with neurodegeneration, positioning redox imbalance and ROS as a cause of neurodegeneration. In this review, we focus on ascorbic acid homeostasis, its functions, how it is used by neurons and recycled to ensure antioxidant supply during synaptic activity and how this antioxidant is dysregulated in neurodegenerative disorders.
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373
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Su JB. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and pharmacological treatment. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:719-741. [PMID: 26635921 PMCID: PMC4660468 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium exerts multiple actions involving regulation of vascular permeability and tone, coagulation and fibrinolysis, inflammatory and immunological reactions and cell growth. Alterations of one or more such actions may cause vascular endothelial dysfunction. Different risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, homocystinemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, smoking, inflammation, and aging contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are multiple, including impaired endothelium-derived vasodilators, enhanced endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors, over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, activation of inflammatory and immune reactions, and imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Endothelial dysfunction occurs in many cardiovascular diseases, which involves different mechanisms, depending on specific risk factors affecting the disease. Among these mechanisms, a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a central role in the development of endothelial dysfunction because NO exerts diverse physiological actions, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiproliferation and antimigration. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that a variety of currently used or investigational drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin AT1 receptors blockers, angiotensin-(1-7), antioxidants, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, endothelial NO synthase enhancers, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate and statins, exert endothelial protective effects. Due to the difference in mechanisms of action, these drugs need to be used according to specific mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction of the disease.
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374
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Kim S, Kim HY, Kim JH, Choi JH, Ham WK, Jeon YJ, Kang H, Kim TY. Enhancement of potency and stability of human extracellular superoxide dismutase. BMB Rep 2015; 48:91-6. [PMID: 24856831 PMCID: PMC4352618 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.2.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells express several antioxidant enzymes to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for oxidative damages and various human diseases. Therefore, antioxidant enzymes are considered biomedicine candidates. Among them, extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) had showed prominent efficacy against asthma and inflammation. Despite its advantages as a biomedicine, the difficulty in obtaining large quantity of active recombinant human SOD3 (rhSOD3) has limited its clinical applications. We found that a significant fraction of overexpressed rhSOD3 was composed of the inactive apo-enzyme and its potency against inflammation depended on the rate of metal incorporation. Also, purified rhSOD3 was unstable and lost its activity very quickly. Here, we suggest an ideal preparative method to express, purify, and store highly active rhSOD3. The enzymatic activity of rhSOD3 was maximized by incorporating metal ions into rhSOD3 after purification. Also, albumin or polyethylene glycol prevented rapid inactivation or degradation of rhSOD3 during preparative procedures and long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040; New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyungpook Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 701-310, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Won-Kook Ham
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Hara Kang
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
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375
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Mut-Salud N, Álvarez PJ, Garrido JM, Carrasco E, Aránega A, Rodríguez-Serrano F. Antioxidant Intake and Antitumor Therapy: Toward Nutritional Recommendations for Optimal Results. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6719534. [PMID: 26682013 PMCID: PMC4670692 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6719534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of the induction of oxidative stress as the mechanism of action of many antitumor drugs is acquiring an increasing interest. In such cases, the antitumor therapy success may be conditioned by the antioxidants present in our own body, which can be synthesized de novo (endogenous) or incorporated through the diet and nutritional supplements (exogenous). In this paper, we have reviewed different aspects of antioxidants, including their classification, natural sources, importance in diet, consumption of nutritional supplements, and the impact of antioxidants on health. Moreover, we have focused especially on the study of the interaction between antioxidants and antitumor therapy, considering both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this regard, we found that the convenience of administration of antioxidants during cancer treatment still remains a very controversial issue. In general terms, antioxidants could promote or suppress the effectiveness of antitumor treatment and even protect healthy tissues against damage induced by oxidative stress. The effects may depend on many factors discussed in the paper. These factors should be taken into consideration in order to achieve precise nutritional recommendations for patients. The evidence at the moment suggests that the supplementation or restriction of exogenous antioxidants during cancer treatment, as appropriate, could contribute to improving its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Mut-Salud
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Juan Álvarez
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Garrido
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Carrasco
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonia Aránega
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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376
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Khameneh B, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Amani A, Rostami J, Vahdati-Mashhadian N. Combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs with vitamin C or NAC against different Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Microb Pathog 2015; 93:83-7. [PMID: 26602814 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Hepatotoxicity due to anti tuberculosis drugs, rifampin and isoniazid, is a major problem in tuberculosis patients. Vitamin C, an antioxidant, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a scavenger of active metabolites, reduce the hepatotoxicity. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C and NAC individually on the antibacterial activity of anti tuberculosis drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus strains. METHODS The MICs of each compound against all strains were determined in 96 wells plate. Rifampin was tested at serial two fold concentrations alone or in combination with NAC or vitamin C. RESULTS The MIC of rifampin against different strains of S. aureus was 0.008-0.032 μg/ml. The MIC of rifampin and isoniazid against M. tuberculosis strains were 40 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Vitamin C and NAC had no antibacterial activity against all strains. MIC of rifampin was reduced two fold by combination with vitamin C for all S. aureus strains, while NAC did not affect the antibacterial activity of rifampin. Vitamin C and NAC had remarkable effects on the antibacterial activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs against M. tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Synergistic effects were observed between rifampin or isoniazid and vitamin C against all tested strains. However, combination therapy of rifampin and isoniazid with NAC was not being effective. This study highlighted the advantages of combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs and vitamin C to eradicate the microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Khameneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, Students Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Amani
- Students Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Rostami
- Students Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasser Vahdati-Mashhadian
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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377
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Zhang ZW, Xu XC, Liu T, Yuan S. Mitochondrion-Permeable Antioxidants to Treat ROS-Burst-Mediated Acute Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6859523. [PMID: 26649144 PMCID: PMC4663357 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6859523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and cytokine outbreak, such as during virus infections, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, antioxidant is an important medicine to ROS-related diseases. For example, ascorbic acid (vitamin C, VC) was suggested as the candidate antioxidant to treat multiple diseases. However, long-term use of high-dose VC causes many side effects. In this review, we compare and analyze all kinds of mitochondrion-permeable antioxidants, including edaravone, idebenone, α-Lipoic acid, carotenoids, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and SkQ and propose astaxanthin (a special carotenoid) to be the best antioxidant for ROS-burst-mediated acute diseases, like avian influenza infection and ischemia-reperfusion. Nevertheless, astaxanthins are so unstable that most of them are inactivated after oral administration. Therefore, astaxanthin injection is suggested hypothetically. The drawbacks of the antioxidants are also reviewed, which limit the use of antioxidants as coadjuvants in the treatment of ROS-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Xu
- College of Bioindustry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Sichuan Kelun Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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378
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Barbosa MC, de Jesus dos Santos TE, dos Santos TN, Pedrosa AM, Elias DBD, Leal LKAM, de Araújo Lopes A, Sasahara GL, Gonçalves Lemes RP. The Effect of a Selective Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase-9 on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cytotoxicity in Neutrophils from Patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:271-8. [PMID: 26346295 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of BAY 73-6691 on neutrophils from SCA patients. This study included 35 patients with a molecular diagnosis of SCA, whose neutrophils were isolated and treated with BAY 73-6691 at the concentrations 100, 10, 1.0 and 0.1 μg/mL. LDH release and MTT assays were performed to verify cell viability. To evaluate oxidative stress, the following parameters were determined by spectrophotometric assays: NO and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). As inflammatory markers, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were evaluated by colorimetric assay and TNF-α by enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that neutrophils from SCA patients not treated with hydroxyurea (HU) had significantly lower NO levels and catalase and SOD activity, as well as significantly higher MDA, MPO and TNF-α levels when compared with neutrophils from SCA patients treated with HU and neutrophils from control group. Treatment of SCA neutrophils with BAY 73-6691 resulted in 94%, 200% and 168% increase in NOx levels, SOD and catalase activity, respectively. In addition, there was a reduction of approximately 46% and 45% in TNF-α and MPO levels, respectively. In SCAHU neutrophils, there was a 30% and 44% increase in NOx levels and SOD activity, respectively, and a 28% and 37% decrease in TNF-α and MPO levels, respectively. However, these effects were observed at cytotoxic doses only. The results of this study are original and demonstrate that inhibition of phosphodiesterase-9 in neutrophils from SCA patients with BAY 73-6691 was able to increase the NO bioavailability and attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation in neutrophils from patients not treated with HU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Cavalcante Barbosa
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Talyta Ellen de Jesus dos Santos
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thayna Nogueira dos Santos
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alano Martins Pedrosa
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Darcielle Bruna Dias Elias
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Center for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Araújo Lopes
- Center for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Greyce Luri Sasahara
- Center for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Romélia Pinheiro Gonçalves Lemes
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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379
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Salehi I, Karamian R, Komaki A, Tahmasebi L, Taheri M, Nazari M, Shahidi S, Sarihi A. Effects of vitamin E on lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Brain Res 2015; 1629:270-81. [PMID: 26462654 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure during development is associated with impaired cognitive function and long-term potentiation (LTP). Vitamin E (VE) is an antioxidant that could have protective effects against Pb intoxication. In this study, we examined the protective effects of vitamin E against Pb-induced LTP impairments. Forty-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: (1) control; (2) Pb exposure; (3) VE; (4) Pb +VE; (5) Pb exposure followed by VE 2 months after exposure; (6) VE followed by Pb exposure 1 month after treatment. Rats were exposed to Pb through daily consumption of Pb-contaminated distilled water; VE was administered by daily gavage for 3 months. After this period, the population spike (PS) amplitudes and the slopes of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were measured in the dentate gyrus (DG) area of the hippocampus in adult rats in response to electrical stimulation applied to the perforant pathway in vivo. Blood samples were also collected to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). Biochemical analyses demonstrated significant increases in plasma MDA and TOS levels in the Pb-exposed group compared to the control group. VE-protected groups revealed significant increases in TAC levels. Our results demonstrate that Pb decreased EPSP slopes and PS amplitudes compared to the control group, whereas VE increased these parameters compared to the control group. Co-administration of VE with Pb exposure inhibited Pb-induced effects. These findings suggest that VE via its antioxidant activity reverses Pb-induced impairments of synaptic plasticity in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Karamian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Lida Tahmasebi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Taheri
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nazari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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380
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Bo Y, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Zhao E, Yuan L, Lu W, Cui L, Lu Q. Association between dietary vitamin C intake and risk of esophageal cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1843-50. [PMID: 26355388 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Bo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Yan Lu
- The North Hospital of the Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai City; Shanghai 201999 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Henan Tumor Hospital; Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450003 China
| | - Erjiang Zhao
- Henan Tumor Hospital; Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450003 China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Henan Tumor Hospital; Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450003 China
| | - Weiquan Lu
- Henan Tumor Hospital; Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450003 China
| | - Lingling Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Quanjun Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
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381
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Oliveira CHDM, Assaid Simão A, Marcussi S. Inhibitory effects of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and vitamin B-complex on the biological activities induced by Bothrops venom. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:845-852. [PMID: 26452622 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1087038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Natural compounds have been widely studied with the aim of complementing antiophidic serum therapy. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the inhibitory potential of ascorbic acid and a vitamin complex, composed of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and all the B-complex vitamins, on the biological activities induced by snake venoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of vitamins was evaluated on the phospholipase, proteolytic, coagulant, and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by Bothrops moojeni (Viperidae), B. jararacussu, and B. alternatus snake venoms, and the hemagglutinating activity induced by B. jararacussu venom. RESULTS The vitamin complex (1:5 and 1:10 ratios) totally inhibited the fibrinogenolytic activity and partially the phospholipase activity and proteolytic activity on azocasein induced by the evaluated venoms. Significant inhibition was observed in the coagulation of human plasma induced by venoms from B. alternatus (1:2.5 and 1:5, to vitamin complex and ascorbic acid) and B. moojeni (1:2.5 and 1:5, to vitamin complex and ascorbic acid). Ascorbic acid inhibited 100% of the proteolytic activities of B. moojeni and B. alternatus on azocasein, at 1:10 ratio, the effects of all the venoms on fibrinogen, the hemagglutinating activity of B. jararacussu venom, and also extended the plasma coagulation time induced by all venoms analyzed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The vitamins analyzed showed relevant in vitro inhibitory potential over the activities induced by Bothrops venoms, suggesting their interaction with toxins belonging to the phospholipase A2, protease, and lectin classes. The results can aid further research in clarifying the possible mechanisms of interaction between vitamins and snake enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique de Moura Oliveira
- a Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal De Lavras (UFLA) , Campus UFLA , Lavras , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Anderson Assaid Simão
- a Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal De Lavras (UFLA) , Campus UFLA , Lavras , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- a Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal De Lavras (UFLA) , Campus UFLA , Lavras , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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382
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Effect of the perforation level of recycled-LDPE bags on the modification of the atmosphere development, bioactive compounds content, and other qualities of Jalapeño peppers during storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:6415-24. [PMID: 26396386 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of modified atmosphere packaging on the content of selected bioactive compounds and other quality attributes of Jalapeño peppers has not been well studied. In this study, Jalapeño peppers were packed in low-cost bags (composed of recycled-LDPE) that had been perforated at several levels (0-4 holes). Packages were stored at 7 °C for 6 weeks. Samples of unpacked peppers were stored at 23 and 7 °C and were used as control groups. The quality of the peppers and the gas composition inside of the packages were evaluated during storage. The best modified atmosphere was obtained with unperforated bags. Significant loss of weight and firmness were prevented by packaging. The loss of weight and firmness were 20.2-82.6 and 32-100 % in unpacked peppers. Low levels of fermentative metabolites accumulated in packed peppers in unperforated bags and in bags with 1 perforation. The tristimulus color and the bioactive compounds content (phenols, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and capsaicinoids) remained unchanged in packed peppers. These quality attributes changed gradually in peppers that were stored at 23 °C. The tested bags represent a cost-effective alternative to preserve the quality of intact Jalapeño peppers.
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383
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Lv J, Yang X, Ma H, Hu X, Wei Y, Zhou W, Li L. The oxidative stability of microalgae oil (Schizochytrium aggregatum) and its antioxidant activity after simulated gastrointestinal digestion: Relationship with constituents. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wanjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou P. R. China
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384
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Zoppi N, Chiarelli N, Cinquina V, Ritelli M, Colombi M. GLUT10 deficiency leads to oxidative stress and non-canonical αvβ3 integrin-mediated TGFβ signalling associated with extracellular matrix disarray in arterial tortuosity syndrome skin fibroblasts. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6769-87. [PMID: 26376865 PMCID: PMC4634379 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC2A10, which encodes facilitative glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10). The role of GLUT10 in ATS pathogenesis remains an enigma, and the transported metabolite(s), i.e. glucose and/or dehydroascorbic acid, have not been clearly elucidated. To discern the molecular mechanisms underlying the ATS aetiology, we performed gene expression profiling and biochemical studies on skin fibroblasts. Transcriptome analyses revealed the dysregulation of several genes involved in TGFβ signalling and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis as well as the perturbation of specific pathways that control both the cell energy balance and the oxidative stress response. Biochemical and functional studies showed a marked increase in ROS-induced lipid peroxidation sustained by altered PPARγ function, which contributes to the redox imbalance and the compensatory antioxidant activity of ALDH1A1. ATS fibroblasts also showed activation of a non-canonical TGFβ signalling due to TGFBRI disorganization, the upregulation of TGFBRII and connective tissue growth factor, and the activation of the αvβ3 integrin transduction pathway, which involves p125FAK, p60Src and p38 MAPK. Stable GLUT10 expression in patients' fibroblasts normalized redox homeostasis and PPARγ activity, rescued canonical TGFβ signalling and induced partial ECM re-organization. These data add new insights into the ATS dysregulated biological pathways and definition of the pathomechanisms involved in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cinquina
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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385
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported inverse associations between various single healthy diet indices and lower levels of systemic inflammation, but rarely are they examined in the same sample. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationships between biomarkers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen) and overall foods (dietary patterns), single foods (fruits and vegetables), and specific nutritive (antioxidants) and non-nutritive (flavonoids) food components in the same narrow-age cohort of older adults. The dietary intake of 792 participants aged 70 years from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 was assessed using a 168-item FFQ. Models were adjusted for age, sex, childhood cognitive ability, lifestyle factors and history of disease. Using logistic regression analyses, CRP (normal v. elevated) was favourably associated (at P< 0·05) with the ‘health-aware’ (low-fat) dietary pattern (unstandardised β = (0·200, OR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·99) and fruit intake (unstandardised β = (0·100, OR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·82, 0·99), including flavonoid-rich apples (unstandardised β = (0·456, OR 0·63, 95 % CI 0·439, 0·946). Using linear regression analyses, fibrinogen (continuous) was inversely associated (at P< 0·05) with the Mediterranean dietary pattern (standardised β = (0·100), fruit intake (standardised β = (0·083), and combined fruit and vegetable intake (standardised β = (0·084). We observed no association between food components (antioxidant nutrients or specific flavonoid subclasses) and inflammatory markers. In the present cross-sectional study, nutrient-dense dietary patterns were associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation in older people. The results are consistent with dietary guidelines that promote a balanced diet based on a variety of plant-based foods.
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386
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Simancas B, Munné-Bosch S. Interplay between vitamin E and phosphorus availability in the control of longevity in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:511-8. [PMID: 25808655 PMCID: PMC4577990 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin E helps to control the cellular redox state by reacting with singlet oxygen and preventing the propagation of lipid peroxidation in thylakoid membranes. Both plant ageing and phosphorus deficiency can trigger accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. This study investigates how phosphorus availability and vitamin E interact in the control of plant longevity in the short-lived annual Arabidopsis thaliana. METHODS The responses of tocopherol cyclase (VTE1)- and γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (VTE4)-null mutants to various levels of phosphorus availability was compared with that of wild-type plants. Longevity (time from germination to rosette death) and the time taken to pass through different developmental stages were determined, and measurements were taken of photosynthetic efficiency, pigment concentration, lipid peroxidation, vitamin E content and jasmonate content. KEY RESULTS The vte1 mutant showed accelerated senescence under control conditions, excess phosphorus and mild phosphorus deficiency, suggesting a delaying, protective effect of α-tocopherol during plant senescence. However, under severe phosphorus deficiency the lack of α-tocopherol paradoxically increased longevity in the vte1 mutant, while senescence was accelerated in wild-type plants. Reduced photoprotection in vitamin E-deficient mutants led to increased levels of defence chemicals (as indicated by jasmonate levels) under severe phosphorus starvation in the vte4 mutant and under excess phosphorus and mild phosphorus starvation in the vte1 mutant, indicating a trade-off between the capacity for photoprotection and the activation of chemical defences (jasmonate accumulation). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E increases plant longevity under control conditions and mild phosphorus starvation, but accelerates senescence under severe phosphorus limitation. Complex interactions are revealed between phosphorus availability, vitamin E and the potential to synthesize jasmonates, suggesting a trade-off between photoprotection and the activation of chemical defences in the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Simancas
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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387
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Abstract
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) is recognised as a key essential lipophilic antioxidant in humans protecting lipoproteins, PUFA, cellular and intra-cellular membranes from damage. The aim of this review was to evaluate the relevant published data about vitamin E requirements in relation to dietary PUFA intake. Evidence in animals and humans indicates a minimal basal requirement of 4–5 mg/d of RRR-α-tocopherol when the diet is very low in PUFA. The vitamin E requirement will increase with an increase in PUFA consumption and with the degree of unsaturation of the PUFA in the diet. The vitamin E requirement related to dietary linoleic acid, which is globally the major dietary PUFA in humans, was calculated to be 0·4–0·6 mg of RRR-α-tocopherol/g of linoleic acid. Animal studies show that for fatty acids with a higher degree of unsaturation, the vitamin E requirement increases almost linearly with the degree of unsaturation of the PUFA in the relative ratios of 0·3, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 for mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexaenoic fatty acids, respectively. Assuming a typical intake of dietary PUFA, a vitamin E requirement ranging from 12 to 20 mg of RRR-α-tocopherol/d can be calculated. A number of guidelines recommend to increase PUFA intake as they have well-established health benefits. It will be prudent to assure an adequate vitamin E intake to match the increased PUFA intake, especially as vitamin E intake is already below recommendations in many populations worldwide.
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388
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McBurney MI, Yu EA, Ciappio ED, Bird JK, Eggersdorfer M, Mehta S. Suboptimal Serum α-Tocopherol Concentrations Observed among Younger Adults and Those Depending Exclusively upon Food Sources, NHANES 2003-20061-3. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135510. [PMID: 26287975 PMCID: PMC4546010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is an essential nutrient for human health, with an established function as a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from free radical damage. Low vitamin E status has been linked to multiple health outcomes, including total mortality. With vitamin E being identified as a ‘shortfall nutrient’ because >90% of American adults are not consuming recommended amounts of vitamin E, we aimed to determine the prevalence of both clinical vitamin E deficiency (serum α-tocopherol concentration < 12 μmol/L) and failure to meet a criterion of vitamin E adequacy, serum α-tocopherol concentration of 30 μmol/L, based on the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and lowest mortality rate in the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene (ATBC) study. The most recent nationally-representative cross-sectional data (2003–2006) among non-institutionalized US citizens with available serum concentrations of α-tocopherol from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. Serum α-tocopherol distributions were compared between those reporting consumption of food without supplement use (FOOD) and food and supplement use (FOOD+DS) by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Only 1% of the US population is clinically deficient. FOOD consumers have lower average α-tocopherol levels (24.9± 0.2 μmol/L) than FOOD+DS users (33.7 ± 0.3 μmol/L), even when adjusted for total cholesterol. Using a criterion of adequacy of 30 μmol/L, 87% of persons 20-30y and 43% of those 51+y had inadequate vitamin E status (p<0.01). A significant greater prevalence of FOOD compared to FOOD+DS users did not meet the criterion of adequacy which was based on the EAR and low ATBC mortality rate consistently across age, sex, and race/ethnic groups. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin E levels is significantly higher among non-users of dietary supplements. With declining usage of vitamin E supplements, the population should be monitored for changes in vitamin E status and related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. McBurney
- DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elaine A. Yu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Ciappio
- DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | | | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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389
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometriosis affects 10% of women of reproductive age. It is defined as the presence of implanted active endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The exact pathophysiology of endometriosis is still uncertain, although several optional etiological theories have been suggested. Being so common, a novel treatment for endometriosis is widely quested. Recent studies addressing the pathological characteristics of endometriosis have revealed a vicious cycle in which oxidative stress (OS) is generated, which in turn facilitates the implantation of the ectopic endometrium. At the same time, the generation of high amounts of reactive oxygen species further triggers a state of OS. AREAS COVERED The author examined the evidence associating OS and endometriosis. After establishing an association, a search for antioxidant agents that were investigated specifically on endometriosis patients are described including Vitamins C and E, melatonin, resveratrol, xanthohumol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate. A significant effect of all the reviewed antioxidants on endometriosis is reported. EXPERT OPINION Aiming for the reduction of OS as the treatment goal for endometriosis looks promising. However, since most of the studies are either in vitro or are animal based, further studies on human subjects are deemed necessary to elucidate the impact of OS reduction on patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Harlev
- a 1 American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland , OH, USA.,b 2 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Fertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Israel
| | - Sajal Gupta
- a 1 American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland , OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- c 3 American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic , Mail Code: X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA +1 216 444 9485 ; +1 216 445 6049;
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390
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Hosokawa Y, Monzen S, Yoshino H, Terashima S, Nakano M, Toshima K, Saga R, Kashiwakura I. Effects of X‑ray irradiation in combination with ascorbic acid on tumor control. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5449-54. [PMID: 26238154 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that the combination of treatment with ascorbic acid (AsA) and X‑ray irradiation results in increased apoptosis in HL60 cells. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the combined use of AsA and X‑ray irradiation on epithelial cancer and sarcoma cells, and its potential use in future clinical treatment. X‑ray irradiation combined with AsA treatment resulted in increased suppression of cell growth of HT1080, SAS and A549 cells in vitro compared with X‑ray irradiation alone. The combined treatment also suppressed tumor growth in implanted HT‑1080 cells in vivo. Using annexin V/propidium iodide staining and the detection of activated caspase 3, it was found that X‑ray irradiation increased the apoptotic rate of HT1080 cells and resulted in G2/M arrest. However, apoptosis in the HT1080 cells treated with 5 mM AsA remained unchanged, and no changes were observed in the G2/M fraction. By contrast, AsA treatment caused increased suppression of proliferation compared with X‑ray irradiation. These results suggested that 5 mM AsA slowed the cell cycle and reduced tumor growth. Therefore, X‑ray irradiation combined with AsA treatment may be effective against epithelial cancer and sarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshino
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Shingo Terashima
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakano
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Keisuke Toshima
- Department of Radiology, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Akita 010‑8543, Japan
| | - Ryo Saga
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
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391
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Pristanic acid provokes lipid, protein, and DNA oxidative damage and reduces the antioxidant defenses in cerebellum of young rats. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 13:751-9. [PMID: 25172216 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zellweger syndrome (ZS) and some peroxisomal diseases are severe inherited disorders mainly characterized by neurological symptoms and cerebellum abnormalities, whose pathogenesis is poorly understood. Biochemically, these diseases are mainly characterized by accumulation of pristanic acid (Prist) and other fatty acids in the brain and other tissues. In this work, we evaluated the in vitro influence of Prist on redox homeostasis by measuring lipid, protein, and DNA damage, as well as the antioxidant defenses and the activities of aconitase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in cerebellum of 30-day-old rats. The effect of Prist on DNA damage was also evaluated in blood of these animals. Some parameters were also evaluated in cerebellum from neonatal rats and in cerebellum neuronal cultures. Prist significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and carbonyl formation and reduced sulfhydryl content and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in cerebellum of young rats. It also caused DNA strand damage in cerebellum and induced a high micronuclei frequency in blood. On the other hand, this fatty acid significantly reduced α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and aconitase activities in rat cerebellum. We also verified that Prist-induced increase of MDA levels was totally prevented by melatonin and attenuated by α-tocopherol but not by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species in this effect. Cerebellum from neonate rats also showed marked alterations of redox homeostasis, including an increase of MDA levels and a decrease of sulfhydryl content and GSH concentrations elicited by Prist. Finally, Prist provoked an increase of dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation in cerebellum-cultivated neurons. Our present data indicate that Prist compromises redox homeostasis in rat cerebellum and blood and inhibits critical enzymes of the citric acid cycle that are susceptible to free radical attack. The present findings may contribute to clarify the pathogenesis of the cerebellar alterations observed in patients affected by ZS and some peroxisomal disorders in which Prist is accumulated.
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392
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Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and folate and the risk of ovarian cancer in a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1315-27. [PMID: 26169298 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamins A, C, and E and folate have anticarcinogenic properties and thus might protect against cancer. Few known modifiable risk factors for ovarian cancer exist. We examined the associations between dietary and total (food and supplemental) vitamin intake and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS The primary data from 10 prospective cohort studies in North America and Europe were analyzed. Vitamin intakes were estimated from validated food frequency questionnaires in each study. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model and then combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS Among 501,857 women, 1,973 cases of ovarian cancer occurred over a median follow-up period of 7-16 years across studies. Dietary and total intakes of each vitamin were not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk. The pooled multivariate RRs [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for incremental increases in total intake of each vitamin were 1.02 (0.97-1.07) for vitamin A (increment: 1,300 mcg/day), 1.01 (0.99-1.04) for vitamin C (400 mg/day), 1.02 (0.97-1.06) for vitamin E (130 mg/day), and 1.01 (0.96-1.07) for folate (250 mcg/day). Multivitamin use (vs. nonuse) was not associated with ovarian cancer risk (pooled multivariate RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.89-1.12). Associations did not vary substantially by study, or by subgroups of the population. Greater vitamin intakes were associated with modestly higher risks of endometrioid tumors (n = 156 cases), but not with other histological types. CONCLUSION These results suggest that consumption of vitamins A, C, and E and folate during adulthood does not play a major role in ovarian cancer risk.
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393
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Rahman MS, Thomas P. Molecular characterization and hypoxia-induced upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in Atlantic croaker: Reversal by antioxidant and estrogen treatments. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 185:91-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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394
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Cobley JN, McHardy H, Morton JP, Nikolaidis MG, Close GL. Influence of vitamin C and vitamin E on redox signaling: Implications for exercise adaptations. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:65-76. [PMID: 25841784 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous antioxidants vitamin C (ascorbate) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) often blunt favorable cell signaling responses to exercise, suggesting that redox signaling contributes to exercise adaptations. Current theories posit that this antioxidant paradigm interferes with redox signaling by attenuating exercise-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation. The well-documented in vitro antioxidant actions of ascorbate and α-tocopherol and characterization of the type and source of the ROS/RNS produced during exercise theoretically enable identification of redox-dependent mechanisms responsible for the blunting of favorable cell signaling responses to exercise. This review aimed to apply this reasoning to determine how the aforementioned antioxidants might attenuate exercise-induced ROS/RNS production. The principal outcomes of this analysis are (1) neither antioxidant is likely to attenuate nitric oxide signaling either directly (reaction with nitric oxide) or indirectly (reaction with derivatives, e.g., peroxynitrite); (2) neither antioxidant reacts appreciably with hydrogen peroxide, a key effector of redox signaling; (3) ascorbate but not α-tocopherol has the capacity to attenuate exercise-induced superoxide generation; and (4) alternate mechanisms, namely pro-oxidant side reactions and/or reduction of bioactive oxidized macromolecule adducts, are unlikely to interfere with exercise-induced redox signaling. Out of all the possibilities considered, ascorbate-mediated suppression of superoxide generation with attendant implications for hydrogen peroxide signaling is arguably the most cogent explanation for blunting of favorable cell signaling responses to exercise. However, this mechanism is dependent on ascorbate accumulating at sites rich in NADPH oxidases, principal contributors to contraction-mediated superoxide generation, and outcompeting nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase isoforms. The major conclusions of this review are: (1) direct evidence for interference of ascorbate and α-tocopherol with exercise-induced ROS/RNS production is lacking; (2) theoretical analysis reveals that both antioxidants are unlikely to have a major impact on exercise-induced redox signaling; and (3) it is worth considering alternate redox-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cobley
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK, DD1 1HG.
| | - Helen McHardy
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK, DD1 1HG
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Eqxercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK, L3 3AF
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Eqxercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK, L3 3AF
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395
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Effect of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1182-94. [PMID: 25919436 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Randomised controlled trials (RCT) testing the effects of antioxidant supplements on endothelial function (EF) have reported conflicting results. We aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins C and E on EF and to explore factors that may provide explanations for the inconsistent results. We searched four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus) from inception until May 2014 for RCT involving adult participants aged ≥18 years who were supplemented with vitamins C and E alone or in combination for more than 2 weeks and reporting changes in EF measured using flow mediated dilation or forearm blood flow. Data were pooled as standardised mean difference (SMD) and analysed using a random-effects model. Significant improvements in EF were observed in trials supplementing with vitamin C alone (500-2000 mg/d) (SMD: 0·25, 95% CI 0·02, 0·49, P=0·043) and vitamin E alone (300-1800 IU/d; 1 IU vitamin E=0·67 mg natural vitamin E) (SMD: 0·48, 95% CI 0·23, 0·72, P=0·0001), whereas co-administration of both vitamins was ineffective (vitamin C: 500-2000 mg/d; vitamin E: 400-1200 IU/d) (SMD: 0·12, 95% CI-0·18, 0·42, P=0·428). The effect of vitamin C supplementation on EF increased significantly with age (β 0·023, 95% CI 0·001, 0·05, P=0·042). There was a significant negative correlation between baseline plasma vitamin E concentration and the effect of vitamin E supplementation on EF (β-0·03, 95% CI-0·06, -0·001, P=0·029). Supplementation with either vitamin C or vitamin E alone improves EF. However, subgroup analysis emphasises the importance of careful characterisation and selection of a population group which may benefit from such supplementation.
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396
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Neutron Scattering at the Intersection of Heart Health Science and Biophysics. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2015; 2:125-140. [PMID: 29371515 PMCID: PMC5753099 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd2020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent quest for improved heart health. Here, we review how neutron radiation can provide insight into the molecular basis of heart health. Lower cholesterol, a daily intake of aspirin and supplemental vitamin E are argued to all improve heart health. However, the mechanisms behind these common regimens, and others, are not entirely understood. It is not clear why a daily intake of aspirin can help some people with heart disease, and the benefits of vitamin E in the treatment of reperfusion injury have been heavily debated. The molecular impact of cholesterol in the body is still a hot topic. Neutron scattering experiments present a unique opportunity for biophysicists attempting to address these problems. We review some recently published studies that are advancing our understanding of how cholesterol, vitamin E and aspirin work at the molecular level, by studying the impact of these molecules on the cell membrane. These insights engage the broader health science community with new ways of thinking about these molecules.
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397
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Maternal supplementation with folic acid and other vitamins and risk of leukemia in offspring: a Childhood Leukemia International Consortium study. Epidemiology 2015; 25:811-22. [PMID: 25207954 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal prenatal supplementation with folic acid and other vitamins has been inconsistently associated with a reduced risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Little is known regarding the association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a rarer subtype. METHODS We obtained original data on prenatal use of folic acid and vitamins from 12 case-control studies participating in the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (enrollment period: 1980-2012), including 6,963 cases of ALL, 585 cases of AML, and 11,635 controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for child's age, sex, ethnicity, parental education, and study center. RESULTS Maternal supplements taken any time before conception or during pregnancy were associated with a reduced risk of childhood ALL; odds ratios were 0.85 (95% CI = 0.78-0.92) for vitamin use and 0.80 (0.71-0.89) for folic acid use. The reduced risk was more pronounced in children whose parents' education was below the highest category. The analyses for AML led to somewhat unstable estimates; ORs were 0.92 (0.75-1.14) and 0.68 (0.48-0.96) for prenatal vitamins and folic acid, respectively. There was no strong evidence that risks of either types of leukemia varied by period of supplementation (preconception, pregnancy, or trimester). CONCLUSIONS Our results, based on the largest number of childhood leukemia cases to date, suggest that maternal prenatal use of vitamins and folic acid reduces the risk of both ALL and AML and that the observed association with ALL varied by parental education, a surrogate for lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics.
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398
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Fiorani M, Azzolini C, Cerioni L, Scotti M, Guidarelli A, Ciacci C, Cantoni O. The mitochondrial transporter of ascorbic acid functions with high affinity in the presence of low millimolar concentrations of sodium and in the absence of calcium and magnesium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1393-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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399
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Brand M, Sommer M, Ellmann S, Wuest W, May MS, Eller A, Vogt S, Lell MM, Kuefner MA, Uder M. Influence of Different Antioxidants on X-Ray Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) Using γ-H2AX Immunofluorescence Microscopy in a Preliminary Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127142. [PMID: 25996998 PMCID: PMC4440758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation exposure occurs in X-ray guided interventional procedures or computed tomography (CT) and γ-H2AX-foci are recognized to represent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) as a biomarker for radiation induced damage. Antioxidants may reduce the induction of γ-H2AX-foci by binding free radicals. The aim of this study was to establish a dose-effect relationship and a time-effect relationship for the individual antioxidants on DSBs in human blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods Blood samples from volunteers were irradiated with 10 mGy before and after pre-incubation with different antioxidants (zinc, trolox, lipoic acid, ß-carotene, selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and Q 10). Thereby, different pre-incubation times, concentrations and combinations of drugs were evaluated. For assessment of DSBs, lymphocytes were stained against the phosphorylated histone variant γ-H2AX. Results For zinc, trolox and lipoic acid regardless of concentration or pre-incubation time, no significant decrease of γ-H2AX-foci was found. However, ß-carotene (15%), selenium (14%), vitamin E (12%), vitamin C (25%), NAC (43%) and Q 10 (18%) led to a significant reduction of γ-H2AX-foci at a pre-incubation time of 1 hour. The combination of different antioxidants did not have an additive effect. Conclusion Antioxidants administered prior to irradiation demonstrated the potential to reduce γ-H2AX-foci in blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brand
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthias Sommer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ellmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wuest
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias S. May
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Eller
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Vogt
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael M. Lell
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael A. Kuefner
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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400
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Hannan PA, Khan JA, Iqbal Z, Ullah I, Rehman WU, Rehman M, Nasir F, Khan A, Ismail, Muhammad S, Hassan M. Simultaneous Determination of Endogenous Antioxidants and Malondialdehyde by RP-HPLC Coupled with Electrochemical Detector in Serum Samples. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1012522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Salar Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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