351
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Wang Y, Gong ZJ. Acetylation regulation and pyroptosis in the process of liver failure. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:633-638. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i11.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have confirmed that acetylation regulation and pyroptosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of liver failure. This paper systematically introduces the roles and possible mechanisms of acetylation regulation and pyroptosis signal pathways in the pathogenesis of liver failure, which may provide a potential novel strategy for the therapy of liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zuo-Jiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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352
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Dosch M, Gerber J, Jebbawi F, Beldi G. Mechanisms of ATP Release by Inflammatory Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041222. [PMID: 29669994 PMCID: PMC5979498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides (e.g., ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP) released by inflammatory cells interact with specific purinergic P2 type receptors to modulate their recruitment and activation. The focus of this review is on stimuli and mechanisms of extracellular nucleotide release and its consequences during inflammation. Necrosis leads to non-specific release of nucleotides, whereas specific release mechanisms include vesicular exocytosis and channel-mediated release via connexin or pannexin hemichannels. These release mechanisms allow stimulated inflammatory cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells to fine-tune autocrine/paracrine responses during acute and chronic inflammation. Key effector functions of inflammatory cells are therefore regulated by purinergic signaling in acute and chronic diseases, making extracellular nucleotide release a promising target for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Dosch
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joël Gerber
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Fadi Jebbawi
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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353
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Liu YH, Chang YC, Chen LK, Su PA, Ko WC, Tsai YS, Chen YH, Lai HC, Wu CY, Hung YP, Tsai PJ. The ATP-P2X 7 Signaling Axis Is an Essential Sentinel for Intracellular Clostridium difficile Pathogen-Induced Inflammasome Activation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:84. [PMID: 29616195 PMCID: PMC5864904 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients receiving long-term antibiotic treatment. An excessive host inflammatory response is believed to be the major mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of C. difficile infection, and various proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β are detected in patients with C. difficile infection. IL-1β is known to be processed by caspase-1, a cysteine protease that is regulated by a protein complex called the inflammasome, which leads to a specialized form of cell death called pyroptosis. The function of inflammasome activation-induced pyroptosis is to clear or limit the spread of invading pathogens via infiltrated neutrophils. Here, we focused on inflammasome activation induced by intact C. difficile to re-evaluate the nature of inflammasome activation in CDI pathogenesis, which could provide information that leads to an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of this condition in humans. First, we found that caspase-1-dependent IL-1β production was induced by C. difficile pathogens in macrophages and increased in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, intracellular toxigenic C. difficile was essential for ATP-P2X7 pathway of inflammasome activation and subsequent caspase-1-dependent pyroptotic cell death, leading to the loss of membrane integrity and release of intracellular contents such as LDH. Notably, we also observed that bacterial components such as surface layer proteins (SLPs) were released from pyroptotic cells. In addition, pro-IL-1β production was completely MyD88 and partially TLR2 dependent. Finally, to investigate the role of the caspase-1-dependent inflammasome in host defense, we found that colonic inflammasome activation was also induced by CDI and that caspase-1 inhibition by Ac-YVAD-CMK led to increased disease progression and C. difficile load. Taken together, the present results suggest that MyD88 and TLR2 are critical component in pro-IL-1β production and intracellular C. difficile following the ATP-P2X7 pathway of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, which play important roles in host defense through the utilization of inflammation-mediated bacterial clearance mechanisms during C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kuei Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-An Su
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyaun, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyaun, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyaun, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yeu Wu
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyaun, Taiwan.,Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyaun, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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354
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Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been well established as an important extracellular ligand of autocrine signaling, intercellular communication, and neurotransmission with numerous physiological and pathophysiological roles. In addition to the classical exocytosis, non-vesicular mechanisms of cellular ATP release have been demonstrated in many cell types. Although large and negatively charged ATP molecules cannot diffuse across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, conductive ATP release from the cytosol into the extracellular space is possible through ATP-permeable channels. Such channels must possess two minimum qualifications for ATP permeation: anion permeability and a large ion-conducting pore. Currently, five groups of channels are acknowledged as ATP-release channels: connexin hemichannels, pannexin 1, calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs, also known as volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) anion channels), and maxi-anion channels (MACs). Recently, major breakthroughs have been made in the field by molecular identification of CALHM1 as the action potential-dependent ATP-release channel in taste bud cells, LRRC8s as components of VRACs, and SLCO2A1 as a core subunit of MACs. Here, the function and physiological roles of these five groups of ATP-release channels are summarized, along with a discussion on the future implications of understanding these channels.
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355
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Chu LH, Indramohan M, Ratsimandresy RA, Gangopadhyay A, Morris EP, Monack DM, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. The oxidized phospholipid oxPAPC protects from septic shock by targeting the non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29520027 PMCID: PMC5843631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria can elicit a strong immune response. Although extracellular LPS is sensed by TLR4 at the cell surface and triggers a transcriptional response, cytosolic LPS binds and activates non-canonical inflammasome caspases, resulting in pyroptotic cell death, as well as canonical NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent cytokine release. Contrary to the highly regulated multiprotein platform required for caspase-1 activation in the canonical inflammasomes, the non-canonical mouse caspase-11 and the orthologous human caspase-4 function simultaneously as innate sensors and effectors, and their regulation is unclear. Here we show that the oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (oxPAPC) inhibits the non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages, but not in dendritic cells. Aside from a TLR4 antagonistic role, oxPAPC binds directly to caspase-4 and caspase-11, competes with LPS binding, and consequently inhibits LPS-induced pyroptosis, IL-1β release and septic shock. Therefore, oxPAPC and its derivatives might provide a basis for therapies that target non-canonical inflammasomes during Gram-negative bacterial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan H Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.,Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Rojo A Ratsimandresy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Anu Gangopadhyay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.,Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Emily P Morris
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Denise M Monack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
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356
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Elevated prostaglandin E 2 post-bone marrow transplant mediates interleukin-1β-related lung injury. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:319-332. [PMID: 28589946 PMCID: PMC5720939 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) treats or cures a variety of hematological and inherited disorders. Unfortunately, patients who undergo HSCT are susceptible to infections by a wide array of opportunistic pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria can have life-threatening effects in HSCT patients by causing lung pathology that has been linked to high levels of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Using a murine bone marrow transplant (BMT) model, we show that overexpression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) post-BMT signals via EP2 or EP4 to induce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which activates protein kinase A or the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) to induce cAMP response element binding-dependent transcription of IL-1β leading to exacerbated lung injury in BMT mice. Induction of IL-1β by PGE2 is time and dose dependent. Interestingly, IL-1β processing post-P. aeruginosa infection occurs via the enzymatic activity of either caspase-1 or caspase-8. Furthermore, PGE2 can limit autophagy-mediated killing of P. aeruginosa in alveolar macrophages, yet autophagy does not have a role in PGE2-mediated upregulation of IL-1β. Reducing PGE2 levels with indomethacin improved bacterial clearance and reduced IL-1β-mediated acute lung injury in P. aeruginosa-infected BMT mice.
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357
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Burnstock G, Knight GE. The potential of P2X7 receptors as a therapeutic target, including inflammation and tumour progression. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:1-18. [PMID: 29164451 PMCID: PMC5842154 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven P2X ion channel nucleotide receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterised. P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are unusual in that there are extra amino acids in the intracellular C terminus. Low concentrations of ATP open cation channels sometimes leading to cell proliferation, whereas high concentrations of ATP open large pores that release inflammatory cytokines and can lead to apoptotic cell death. Since many diseases involve inflammation and immune responses, and the P2X7R regulates inflammation, there has been recent interest in the pathophysiological roles of P2X7R and the potential of P2X7R antagonists to treat a variety of diseases. These include neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy and a number of diseases of peripheral organs, including the cardiovascular, airways, kidney, liver, bladder, skin and musculoskeletal. The potential of P2X7R drugs to treat tumour progression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gillian E Knight
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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358
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Antonov AV, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Barlev NA, Bazan NG, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Boya P, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Cohen GM, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, DeBerardinis RJ, Deshmukh M, Di Daniele N, Di Virgilio F, Dixit VM, Dixon SJ, Duckett CS, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Fimia GM, Fulda S, García-Sáez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Golstein P, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Gross A, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Harris IS, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Ichijo H, Jäättelä M, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Juin PP, Kaiser WJ, Karin M, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lee SW, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lowe SW, Luedde T, Lugli E, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malewicz M, Malorni W, Manic G, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino S, Miao EA, Molkentin JD, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nagata S, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Oren M, Overholtzer M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rehm M, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CMP, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Ryan KM, Sayan E, Scorrano L, Shao F, Shi Y, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stockwell BR, Strasser A, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Thorburn A, Tsujimoto Y, Turk B, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Vander Heiden MG, Villunger A, Virgin HW, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang Y, Wells JA, Wood W, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Zitvogel L, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:486-541. [PMID: 29362479 PMCID: PMC5864239 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3860] [Impact Index Per Article: 643.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alexey V Antonov
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological Investigation (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- INSERM U1180, Châtenay Malabry, France
- University of Paris Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gerald M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, CeSI-MetUniversity of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin S Duckett
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM U1231 "Lipides Nutrition Cancer", Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy France Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Golstein
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Team labeled "Ligue Contre le Cancer", Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gyorgy Hajnoczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe P Juin
- Team 8 "Stress adaptation and tumor escape", CRCINA-INSERM U1232, Nantes, France
- University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- Institute of Cancer Research in Western France, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Translational Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Department Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Malewicz
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Walter Malorni
- National Centre for Gender Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Departments of Genetics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development laboratory, CRCL, Lyon, France
- Team labeled "La Ligue contre le Cancer", Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gabriel Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medicinal Biomaterials, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John Silke
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Inflammation, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for DAMP Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Protein Modification and Degradation of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Boris Turk
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, "Jozef Stefan" Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Will Wood
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France.
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France.
- Biology Pole, European Hospital George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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359
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Contribution of TMEM16F to pyroptotic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:300. [PMID: 29463790 PMCID: PMC5833444 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is caused by infection with intracellular pathogens and activation of canonical or noncanonical inflammasomes. The purinergic receptor P2X7 is activated by the noncanonical inflammasome and contributes essentially to pyroptotic cell death. The Ca2+ activated phospholipid scramblase and ion channel TMEM16F has been shown earlier to control cellular effects downstream of purinergic P2X7 receptors that ultimately lead to cell death. As pyroptotic cell death is accompanied by an increases in intracellular Ca2+, we asked whether TMEM16F is activated during pyroptosis. The N-terminal cleavage product of gasdermin D (GD-N) is an executioner of pyroptosis by forming large plasma membrane pores. Expression of GD-N enhanced basal Ca2+ levels and induced cell death. We observed that GD-N induced cell death in HEK293 and HAP1 cells, which was depending on expression of endogenous TMEM16F. GD-N activated large whole cell currents that were suppressed by knockdown or inhibition of TMEM16F. The results suggest that whole cell currents induced by the pore forming domain of gasdermin-D, are at least in part due to activation of TMEM16F. Knockdown of other TMEM16 paralogues expressed in HAP1 cells suggest TMEM16F as a crucial element during pyroptosis and excluded a role of other TMEM16 proteins. Thus TMEM16F supports pyroptosis and other forms of inflammatory cell death such as ferroptosis. Its potent inhibition by tannic acid may be part of the anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids.
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360
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Liu W, Chen Y, Meng J, Wu M, Bi F, Chang C, Li H, Zhang L. Ablation of caspase-1 protects against TBI-induced pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:48. [PMID: 29458437 PMCID: PMC5817788 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health and socioeconomic problem throughout the world. Inflammation-induced secondary injury is one of the vital pathogenic parameters of TBI. Molecular signaling cascades of pyroptosis, a specific type of cellular necrosis, are key drivers of TBI-induced inflammation. Methods In this study, mice with genetically ablated caspase-1 (caspase-1−/−) were subjected to controlled cortical impact injury in vivo, and primary neuron deficient in caspase-1 through siRNA knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition was stimulated by mechanical scratch, equiaxial stretch, and LPS/ATP in vitro. We evaluated the effects of caspase-1 deficiency on neurological deficits, inflammatory factors, histopathology, cell apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Results During the acute post-injury period (0–48 h) in vivo, motor deficits, anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-18), and blood lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as pyroptosis-related proteins (caspase-1, caspase-1 fragments, caspase-11 and GSDMD), were increased. Caspase-1 was activated in the cortex of TBI mice. Inflammatory activation was more profound in injured wild-type mice than in caspase-1−/− mice. In vitro, mechanical scratch, equiaxial stretch, and LPS/ATP-induced neuron pyroptosis, apoptosis, LDH release, and increased expression of inflammatory factors. The effects of mechanical and inflammatory stress were reduced through inhibition of caspase-1 activity through siRNA knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition. Conclusion Collectively, these data demonstrate that pyroptosis is involved in neuroinflammation and neuronal injury after TBI, and ablation of caspase-1 inhibits TBI-induced pyroptosis. Our findings suggest that caspase-1 may be a potential target for TBI therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1083-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 8974617, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Chang
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Zhang
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
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361
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Orchestration of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Ion Fluxes. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:393-406. [PMID: 29452983 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome can promote the release of IL-1β/IL-18 and initiate pyroptosis. Accordingly, the dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in a variety of human diseases, including gout, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. NLRP3 can sense a variety of structurally unrelated pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to trigger inflammation, but the unifying mechanism of NLRP3 activation is still poorly understood. Increasing evidence suggests that intracellular ions, such as K+, Ca2+, and Cl-, have a significant role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role of ionic fluxes in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and discuss how disturbances in intracellular ionic levels orchestrate different signaling events upstream of NLRP3.
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362
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Di Virgilio F, Schmalzing G, Markwardt F. The Elusive P2X7 Macropore. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:392-404. [PMID: 29439897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ATP, which is released under pathological conditions and is considered a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), activates P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs), trimeric plasma membrane ion channels selective for small cations. P2X7Rs are partners in NOD-like receptor containing a pyrin (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and promoters of tumor cell growth. P2X7R overstimulation triggers the ATP-dependent opening of a nonselective plasma membrane pore, known as a 'macropore', which allows fluxes of large hydrophilic molecules. The pathophysiological functions of P2X7R are thought to be dependent on activation of this conductance pathway, yet its molecular identity is unknown. Recent reports show that P2X7R permeability to organic solutes is an early and intrinsic property of the channel itself. A better understanding of P2X7R-dependent changes in plasma membrane permeability will allow a rationale development of novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Günther Schmalzing
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fritz Markwardt
- Institute for Physiology, Martin Luther University, Halle/Saale, Germany
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363
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Savio LEB, de Andrade Mello P, da Silva CG, Coutinho-Silva R. The P2X7 Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: Angel or Demon? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 29467654 PMCID: PMC5808178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the cells, ATP and related nucleotides/nucleoside generated by ectonucleotidases mediate a high evolutionary conserved signaling system: the purinergic signaling, which is involved in a variety of pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases. Extracellular ATP has been considered an endogenous adjuvant that can initiate inflammation by acting as a danger signal through the activation of purinergic type 2 receptors-P2 receptors (P2Y G-protein coupled receptors and P2X ligand-gated ion channels). Among the P2 receptors, the P2X7 receptor is the most extensively studied from an immunological perspective, being involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. P2X7 receptor activation induces large-scale ATP release via its intrinsic ability to form a membrane pore or in association with pannexin hemichannels, boosting purinergic signaling. ATP acting via P2X7 receptor is the second signal to the inflammasome activation, inducing both maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, and the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Furthermore, the P2X7 receptor is involved in caspases activation, as well as in apoptosis induction. During adaptive immune response, P2X7 receptor modulates the balance between the generation of T helper type 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. Therefore, this receptor is involved in several inflammatory pathological conditions. In infectious diseases and cancer, P2X7 receptor can have different and contrasting effects, being an angel or a demon depending on its level of activation, cell studied, type of pathogen, and severity of infection. In neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, P2X7 upregulation and function appears to contribute to disease progression. In this review, we deeply discuss P2X7 receptor dual function and its pharmacological modulation in the context of different pathologies, and we also highlight the P2X7 receptor as a potential target to treat inflammatory related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E B Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola de Andrade Mello
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cleide Gonçalves da Silva
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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364
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Di Virgilio F, Giuliani AL, Vultaggio-Poma V, Falzoni S, Sarti AC. Non-nucleotide Agonists Triggering P2X7 Receptor Activation and Pore Formation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:39. [PMID: 29449813 PMCID: PMC5799242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a ligand-gated plasma membrane ion channel belonging to the P2X receptor subfamily activated by extracellular nucleotides. General consensus holds that the physiological (and maybe the only) agonist is ATP. However, scattered evidence generated over the last several years suggests that ATP might not be the only agonist, especially at inflammatory sites. Solid data show that NAD+ covalently modifies the P2X7R of mouse T lymphocytes, thus lowering the ATP threshold for activation. Other structurally unrelated agents have been reported to activate the P2X7R via a poorly understood mechanism of action: (a) the antibiotic polymyxin B, possibly a positive allosteric P2X7R modulator, (b) the bactericidal peptide LL-37, (c) the amyloidogenic β peptide, and (d) serum amyloid A. Some agents, such as Alu-RNA, have been suggested to activate the P2X7R acting on the intracellular N- or C-terminal domains. Mode of P2X7R activation by these non-nucleotide ligands is as yet unknown; however, these observations raise the intriguing question of how these different non-nucleotide ligands may co-operate with ATP at inflammatory or tumor sites. New information obtained from the cloning and characterization of the P2X7R from exotic mammalian species (e.g., giant panda) and data from recent patch-clamp studies are strongly accelerating our understanding of P2X7R mode of operation, and may provide hints to the mechanism of activation of P2X7R by non-nucleotide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna L Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Vultaggio-Poma
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alba C Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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365
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Kers J, Leemans JC, Linkermann A. An Overview of Pathways of Regulated Necrosis in Acute Kidney Injury. Semin Nephrol 2018; 36:139-52. [PMID: 27339380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis is the predominant form of regulated cell death in acute kidney injury (AKI) and represents results in the formation of casts that appear in the urine sedimentation, referred to as muddy brown casts, which are part of the diagnosis of AKI. Pathologists referred to this typical feature as acute tubular necrosis. We are only beginning to understand the dynamics and the molecular pathways that underlie such typical necrotic morphology. In this review, we provide an overview of candidate pathways and summarize the emerging evidence for the relative contribution of these pathways of regulated necrosis, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition-mediated regulated necrosis, parthanatos, and pyroptosis. Inhibitors of each of these pathways are available, and clinical trials may be started after the detection of the most promising drug targets, which will be discussed here. With the global burden of AKI in mind, inhibitiors of regulated necrosis represent promising means to prevent this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Kers
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaklien C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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366
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Abstract
Ultimately, the common final pathway of any glomerular disease is podocyte effacement, podocyte loss, and, eventually, glomerular scarring. There has been a long-standing debate on the underlying mechanisms for podocyte depletion, ranging from necrosis and apoptosis to detachment of viable cells from the glomerular basement membrane. However, this debate still continues because additional pathways of programmed cell death have been reported in recent years. Interestingly, viable podocytes can be isolated out of the urine of proteinuric patients easily, emphasizing the importance of podocyte detachment in glomerular diseases. In contrast, detection of apoptosis and other pathways of programmed cell death in podocytes is technically challenging. In fact, we still are lacking direct evidence showing, for example, the presence of apoptotic bodies in podocytes, leaving the question unanswered as to whether podocytes undergo mechanisms of programmed cell death. However, understanding the mechanisms leading to podocyte depletion is of particular interest because future therapeutic strategies might interfere with these to prevent glomerular scarring. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on podocyte cell death, the different molecular pathways and experimental approaches to study these, and, finally, focus on the mechanisms that prevent the onset of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Braun
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan U Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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367
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Li W, Bao G, Chen W, Qiang X, Zhu S, Wang S, He M, Ma G, Ochani M, Al-Abed Y, Yang H, Tracey KJ, Wang P, D'Angelo J, Wang H. Connexin 43 Hemichannel as a Novel Mediator of Sterile and Infectious Inflammatory Diseases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:166. [PMID: 29317708 PMCID: PMC5760527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic membrane-bound connexin 43 (Cx43) proteins oligomerize into hexameric channels (hemichannels) that can sometimes dock with hemichannels on adjacent cells to form gap junctional (GJ) channels. However, the possible role of Cx43 hemichannels in sterile and infectious inflammatory diseases has not been adequately defined due to the lack of selective interventions. Here we report that a proinflammatory mediator, the serum amyloid A (SAA), resembled bacterial endotoxin by stimulating macrophages to up-regulate Cx43 expression and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) phosphorylation in a TLR4-dependent fashion. Two well-known Cx43 mimetic peptides, the GAP26 and TAT-GAP19, divergently affected macrophage hemichannel activities in vitro, and differentially altered the outcome of lethal sepsis in vivo. By screening a panel of Cx43 mimetic peptides, we discovered that one cysteine-containing peptide, P5 (ENVCYD), effectively attenuated hemichannel activities, and significantly suppressed endotoxin-induced release of ATP and HMGB1 in vitro. In vivo, the P5 peptide conferred a significant protection against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury and lethal microbial infection. Collectively, these findings have suggested a pathogenic role of Cx43 hemichannels in sterile injurious as well as infectious inflammatory diseases possibly through facilitating extracellular ATP efflux to trigger PKR phosphorylation/activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,International Laboratory for Sepsis Research, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China.
| | - Guoqiang Bao
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The 4th Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Xiaoling Qiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Shuaiwei Wang
- International Laboratory for Sepsis Research, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Mingzhu He
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Gaifeng Ma
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Mahendar Ochani
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - John D'Angelo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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368
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Li S, Bjelobaba I, Stojilkovic SS. Interactions of Pannexin1 channels with purinergic and NMDA receptor channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:166-173. [PMID: 28389204 PMCID: PMC5628093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins are a three-member family of vertebrate plasma membrane spanning molecules that have homology to the invertebrate gap junction forming proteins, the innexins. However, pannexins do not form gap junctions but operate as plasma membrane channels. The best-characterized member of these proteins, Pannexin1 (Panx1) was suggested to be functionally associated with purinergic P2X and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels. Activation of these receptor channels by their endogenous ligands leads to cross-activation of Panx1 channels. This in turn potentiates P2X and NMDA receptor channel signaling. Two potentiation concepts have been suggested: enhancement of the current responses and/or sustained receptor channel activation by ATP released through Panx1 pore and adenosine generated by ectonucleotidase-dependent dephosphorylation of ATP. Here we summarize the current knowledge and hypotheses about interactions of Panx1 channels with P2X and NMDA receptor channels. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ivana Bjelobaba
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stanko S Stojilkovic
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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369
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Propofol Does Not Reduce Pyroptosis of Enterocytes and Intestinal Epithelial Injury After Lipopolysaccharide Challenge. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:81-91. [PMID: 29063417 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, mechanisms of sepsis-induced intestinal epithelial injury are not well known. P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) regulates pyroptosis of lymphocytes, and propofol is usually used for sedation in septic patients. AIMS We aimed to determine the occurrence of enterocyte pyroptosis mediated by P2X7R and to explore the effects of propofol on pyroptosis and intestinal epithelial injury after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. METHODS A novel regimen of LPS challenge was applied in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitors of P2X7R (A438079) and NLRP3 inflammasome (MCC950), and different doses of propofol were administered. The caspase-1 expression, caspase-3 expression, caspase-11 expression, P2X7R expression and NLRP3 expression, extracellular ATP concentration and YO-PRO-1 uptake, and cytotoxicity and HMGB1 concentration were detected to evaluate enterocyte pyroptosis in cultured cells and intestinal epithelial tissues. Chiu's score, diamine oxidase and villus length were used to evaluate intestinal epithelial injury. Moreover, survival analysis was performed. RESULTS LPS challenge activated caspase-11 expression and P2X7R expression, enhanced ATP concentration and YO-PRO-1 uptake, and led to increased cytotoxicity and HMGB1 concentration. Subsequently, LPS resulted in intestinal epithelial damage, as evidenced by increased levels of Chiu's score and diamine oxidase, and shorter villus length and high mortality of animals. A438079, but not MCC950, significantly relieved LPS-induced enterocyte pyroptosis and intestinal epithelial injury. Importantly, propofol did not confer the protective effects on enterocyte pyroptosis and intestinal epithelia although it markedly decreased P2X7R expression. CONCLUSION LPS attack leads to activation of caspase-11/P2X7R and pyroptosis of enterocytes. Propofol does not reduce LPS-induced pyroptosis and intestinal epithelial injury, although it inhibits P2X7R upregulation.
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370
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Shenoy AR, Furniss RCD, Goddard PJ, Clements A. Modulation of Host Cell Processes by T3SS Effectors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 416:73-115. [PMID: 30178263 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two of the enteric Escherichia coli pathotypes-enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)-have a conserved type 3 secretion system which is essential for virulence. The T3SS is used to translocate between 25 and 50 bacterial proteins directly into the host cytosol where they manipulate a variety of host cell processes to establish a successful infection. In this chapter, we discuss effectors from EPEC/EHEC in the context of the host proteins and processes that they target-the actin cytoskeleton, small guanosine triphosphatases and innate immune signalling pathways that regulate inflammation and cell death. Many of these translocated proteins have been extensively characterised, which has helped obtain insights into the mechanisms of pathogenesis of these bacteria and also understand the host pathways they target in more detail. With increasing knowledge of the positive and negative regulation of host signalling pathways by different effectors, a future challenge is to investigate how the specific effector repertoire of each strain cooperates over the course of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash R Shenoy
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - R Christopher D Furniss
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Philippa J Goddard
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Abigail Clements
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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371
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Zhao H, Chen Y, Feng H. P2X7 Receptor-Associated Programmed Cell Death in the Pathophysiology of Hemorrhagic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1282-1295. [PMID: 29766811 PMCID: PMC6251042 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180516094500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is a life-threatening disease characterized by a sudden rupture of cerebral blood vessels, and cell death is widely believed to occur after exposure to blood metabolites or subsequently damaged cells. Recently, programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, has been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of stroke. However, the detailed mechanisms of these novel kinds of cell death are still unclear. The P2X7 receptor, previously known for its cytotoxic activity, is an ATP-gated, nonselective cation channel that belongs to the family of ionotropic P2X receptors. Evolving evidence indicates that the P2X7 receptor plays a pivotal role in central nervous system pathology; genetic deletion and pharmacological blockade of the P2X7 receptor provide neuroprotection in various neurological disorders, including intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The P2X7 receptor may regulate programmed cell death via (I) exocytosis of secretory lysosomes, (II) exocytosis of autophagosomes or autophagolysosomes during formation of the initial autophagic isolation membrane or omegasome, and (III) direct release of cytosolic IL-1β secondary to regulated cell death by pyroptosis or necroptosis. In this review, we present an overview of P2X7 receptor- associated programmed cell death for further understanding of hemorrhagic stroke pathophysiology, as well as potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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372
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Adinolfi E, Giuliani AL, De Marchi E, Pegoraro A, Orioli E, Di Virgilio F. The P2X7 receptor: A main player in inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 151:234-244. [PMID: 29288626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules released from infected or injured cells to activate inflammatory and reparatory responses. One of the most ancient and conserved DAMPs is extracellular ATP that exerts its phlogistic activity mainly through activation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). The P2X7R is an ATP gated ion channel, expressed by most immune cells, including the monocyte-derived cell lineages, T and B lymphocytes and their precursors. Here we give an overview of recent and established literature on the role of P2X7R in septic and sterile inflammation. P2X7R ability in restraining intracellular bacteria and parasite infection by modulation of the immune response are described, with particular focus on Mycobacteria and Plasmodium. Emerging literature on the role of P2X7 in viral infections such as HIV-1 is also briefly covered. Finally, we describe the numerous intracellular pathways related to inflammation and activated by the P2X7R, including the NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-kB, NFAT, GSK3β and VEGF, and discuss the involvement of P2X7R in chronic diseases. The possible therapeutic applications of P2X7R antagonists are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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373
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Good ME, Chiu YH, Poon IKH, Medina CB, Butcher JT, Mendu SK, DeLalio LJ, Lohman AW, Leitinger N, Barrett E, Lorenz UM, Desai BN, Jaffe IZ, Bayliss DA, Isakson BE, Ravichandran KS. Pannexin 1 Channels as an Unexpected New Target of the Anti-Hypertensive Drug Spironolactone. Circ Res 2017; 122:606-615. [PMID: 29237722 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Resistant hypertension is a major health concern with unknown cause. Spironolactone is an effective antihypertensive drug, especially for patients with resistant hypertension, and is considered by the World Health Organization as an essential medication. Although spironolactone can act at the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR; NR3C2), there is increasing evidence of MR-independent effects of spironolactone. OBJECTIVE Here, we detail the unexpected discovery that Panx1 (pannexin 1) channels could be a relevant in vivo target of spironolactone. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we identified spironolactone as a potent inhibitor of Panx1 in an unbiased small molecule screen, which was confirmed by electrophysiological analysis. Next, spironolactone inhibited α-adrenergic vasoconstriction in arterioles from mice and hypertensive humans, an effect dependent on smooth muscle Panx1, but independent of the MR NR3C2. Last, spironolactone acutely lowered blood pressure, which was dependent on smooth muscle cell expression of Panx1 and independent of NR3C2. This effect, however, was restricted to steroidal MR antagonists as a nonsteroidal MR antagonist failed to reduced blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest new therapeutic modalities for resistant hypertension based on Panx1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Good
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiu
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Christopher B Medina
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Suresh K Mendu
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Eugene Barrett
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Bimal N Desai
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Brant E Isakson
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.).
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
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374
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Chiu YH, Schappe MS, Desai BN, Bayliss DA. Revisiting multimodal activation and channel properties of Pannexin 1. J Gen Physiol 2017; 150:19-39. [PMID: 29233884 PMCID: PMC5749114 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) forms plasma membrane ion channels that are widely expressed throughout the body. Panx1 activation results in the release of nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate. Thus, these channels have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological functions associated with purinergic signaling, such as apoptotic cell clearance, blood pressure regulation, neuropathic pain, and excitotoxicity. In light of this, substantial attention has been directed to understanding the mechanisms that regulate Panx1 channel expression and activation. Here we review accumulated evidence for the various activation mechanisms described for Panx1 channels and, where possible, the unitary channel properties associated with those forms of activation. We also emphasize current limitations in studying Panx1 channel function and propose potential directions to clarify the exciting and expanding roles of Panx1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Michael S Schappe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Bimal N Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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375
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Abstract
A complex interplay between pathogen and host determines the immune response during viral infection. A set of cytosolic sensors are expressed by immune cells to detect viral infection. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) comprise a large family of intracellular pattern recognition receptors. Members of the NLR family assemble into large multiprotein complexes, termed inflammasomes, which induce downstream immune responses to specific pathogens, environmental stimuli, and host cell damage. Inflammasomes are composed of cytoplasmic sensor molecules such as NLRP3 or absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), the adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain), and the effector protein procaspase-1. The inflammasome operates as a platform for caspase-1 activation, resulting in caspase-1-dependent proteolytic maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. This, in turn, activates the expression of other immune genes and facilitates lymphocyte recruitment to the site of primary infection, thereby controlling invading pathogens. Moreover, inflammasomes counter viral replication and remove infected immune cells through an inflammatory cell death, program termed as pyroptosis. As a countermeasure, viral pathogens have evolved virulence factors to antagonise inflammasome pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in sensing viral infection as well as the evasion strategies that viruses have developed to evade inflammasome-dependent immune responses. This information summarises our understanding of host defence mechanisms against viruses and highlights research areas that can provide new approaches to interfere in the pathogenesis of viral diseases.
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376
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Pimenta-dos-Reis G, Torres EJL, Quintana PG, Vidal LO, dos Santos BAF, Lin CS, Heise N, Persechini PM, Schachter J. POM-1 inhibits P2 receptors and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:611-627. [PMID: 29022161 PMCID: PMC5714851 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides can modulate the immunological response by activating purinergic receptors (P2Rs) on the cell surface of macrophages, dendritic, and other immune cells. In particular, the activation of P2X7R can induce release of cytokines and cell death as well as the uptake of large molecules through the cell membrane by a mechanism still poorly understood. Polyoxotungstate-1 (POM-1) has been proposed as a potent inhibitor of ecto-nucleotidases, enzymes that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides, regulating the activity of P2Rs. However, the potential impact of POM-1 on P2Rs has not been evaluated. Here, we used fluorescent dye uptake, cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration measurement, patch-clamp recordings, scanning electron microscopy, and quantification of inflammatory mediators to investigate the effects of POM-1 on P2Rs of murine macrophages. We observed that POM-1 blocks the P2YR-dependent cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase and has partial effects on the cytoplasmic Ca2+, increasing dependence on P2XRs. POM-1 can inhibit the events related with ATP-dependent inflammasome activation, anionic dye uptake, and also the opening of large conductance channels, which are associated with P2X7R-dependent pannexin-1 activation. On the other hand, this compound has no effects on cationic fluorescent dye uptake, apoptosis, and bleb formation, also dependent on P2X7R. Moreover, POM-1 can be considered an anti-inflammatory compound, because it prevents TNF-α and nitric oxide release from LPS-treated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pimenta-dos-Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Lopes Torres
- Laboratório de Helmintologia Romero Lascasas Porto, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Gabriela Quintana
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lincon Onorio Vidal
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Chuan-Sheng Lin
- Microbiota Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Norton Heise
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Muanis Persechini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho da Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julieta Schachter
- Microbiota Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Polo Xerem, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Estrada de Xerém No. 27, Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, 25245-390 Brazil
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377
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that typically comprise a sensor, an adaptor and the zymogen procaspase-1. An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage, which further induces maturation of interleukins 1β and 18 (IL-1β and IL-18) through proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. Activated caspase-1 also cleaves gasdermin D, which leads to a particular form of cell death called pyroptosis. Mutations in genes that encode inflammasome components are associated with many inflammatory disorders, and studies in the past decade have highlighted the importance of appropriate activation of the inflammasome in homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Therefore, much attention is being paid to uncover the modulators and regulators of inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. This Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster outlines the concepts in the activation of inflammasome sensors and assembly of the inflammasome platform. We also discuss recent insights into the mechanisms of regulation of inflammasome activity and the induction of cell death by pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Malik
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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378
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Kerur N, Fukuda S, Banerjee D, Kim Y, Fu D, Apicella I, Varshney A, Yasuma R, Fowler BJ, Baghdasaryan E, Marion KM, Huang X, Yasuma T, Hirano Y, Serbulea V, Ambati M, Ambati VL, Kajiwara Y, Ambati K, Hirahara S, Bastos-Carvalho A, Ogura Y, Terasaki H, Oshika T, Kim KB, Hinton DR, Leitinger N, Cambier JC, Buxbaum JD, Kenney MC, Jazwinski SM, Nagai H, Hara I, West AP, Fitzgerald KA, Sadda SR, Gelfand BD, Ambati J. cGAS drives noncanonical-inflammasome activation in age-related macular degeneration. Nat Med 2017; 24:50-61. [PMID: 29176737 PMCID: PMC5760363 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Geographic atrophy is a blinding form of age-related macular degeneration characterized by death of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). In this disease, the RPE displays evidence of DICER1 deficiency, resultant accumulation of endogenous Alu retroelement RNA, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. How the inflammasome is activated in this untreatable disease is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that RPE degeneration in human cell culture and in mouse models is driven by a non-canonical inflammasome pathway that results in activation of caspase-4 (caspase-11 in mice) and caspase-1, and requires cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-dependent interferon-β (IFN-β) production and gasdermin D-dependent interleukin-18 (IL-18) secretion. Reduction of DICER1 levelsor accumulation of Alu RNA triggers cytosolic escape of mitochondrial DNA, which engages cGAS. Moreover, caspase-4, gasdermin D, IFN-β, and cGAS levels are elevated in the RPE of human eyes with geographic atrophy. Collectively, these data highlight an unexpected role for cGAS in responding to mobile element transcripts, reveal cGAS-driven interferon signaling as a conduit for mitochondrial damage-induced inflammasome activation, expand the immune sensing repertoire of cGAS and caspase-4 to non-infectious human disease, and identify new potential targets for treatment of a major cause of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Kerur
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shinichi Fukuda
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daipayan Banerjee
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Younghee Kim
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dongxu Fu
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ivana Apicella
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Akhil Varshney
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Reo Yasuma
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Benjamin J Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Elmira Baghdasaryan
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Xiwen Huang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tetsuhiro Yasuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirano
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Meenakshi Ambati
- Center for Digital Image Evaluation, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Vidya L Ambati
- Center for Digital Image Evaluation, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yuji Kajiwara
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kameshwari Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shuichiro Hirahara
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ana Bastos-Carvalho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yuichiro Ogura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oshika
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyung Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David R Hinton
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - S Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nagai
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Isao Hara
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - A Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bradley D Gelfand
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jayakrishna Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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379
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Fuchslocher Chico J, Saggau C, Adam D. Proteolytic control of regulated necrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2147-2161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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380
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Li CG, Yan L, Mai FY, Shi ZJ, Xu LH, Jing YY, Zha QB, Ouyang DY, He XH. Baicalin Inhibits NOD-Like Receptor Family, Pyrin Containing Domain 3 Inflammasome Activation in Murine Macrophages by Augmenting Protein Kinase A Signaling. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1409. [PMID: 29163487 PMCID: PMC5674921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid baicalin has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways. However, whether baicalin can suppress the activation of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin containing domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages is largely unknown. Here, we showed that baicalin treatment dose-dependently inhibited adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as revealed by the decreased release of mature interleukin (IL)-1β, active caspase-1p10, and high-mobility group box-1 protein from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed bone marrow-derived macrophages. The formation of ASC specks, a critical marker of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, was robustly inhibited by baicalin in the macrophages upon ATP or nigericin stimulation. All these inhibitory effects of baicalin could be partly reversed by MDL12330A or H89, both of which are inhibitors of the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. Consistent with this, baicalin strongly enhanced PKA-mediated phosphorylation of NLRP3, which has been suggested to prevent ASC recruitment into the inflammasome. Of note, the PKA inhibitor H89 could block baicalin-induced NLRP3 phosphorylation on PKA-specific sites, further supporting PKA’s role in this process. In addition, we showed that when administered pre and post exposure to Escherichia coli infection baicalin treatment significantly improved mouse survival in bacterial sepsis. Baicalin administration also significantly reduced IL-1β levels in the sera of bacterial infected mice. Altogether, our results revealed that baicalin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation at least partly through augmenting PKA signaling, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Yi Mai
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Jian Shi
- Department of Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hui Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yun Jing
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Bing Zha
- Department of Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Hui He
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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381
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Hagar JA, Edin ML, Lih FB, Thurlow LR, Koller BH, Cairns BA, Zeldin DC, Miao EA. Lipopolysaccharide Potentiates Insulin-Driven Hypoglycemic Shock. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3634-3643. [PMID: 29038248 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill patients typically present with hyperglycemia. Treatment with conventional insulin therapy (targeting 144-180 mg/dl) improves patient survival; however, intensive insulin therapy (IIT) targeting normal blood glucose levels (81-108 mg/dl) increases the incidence of moderate and severe hypoglycemia, and increases mortality. Septic patients are especially prone to IIT-induced hypoglycemia, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that codelivery of insulin with otherwise sublethal doses of LPS induced hypoglycemic shock in mice within 1-2 h. LPS impaired clearance of insulin, which amplified insulin receptor signaling. These effects were mediated by caspase-11, TLR4, and complement, each of which trigger eicosanoid production that potentiates insulin signaling. Finally, in an animal model of sepsis, we observed that Salmonella typhimurium-infected mice exhibited simultaneous impaired insulin clearance coexisting with insulin resistance. Our results raise the possibility that septic patients have impaired insulin clearance, which could increase their susceptibility to hypoglycemia during IIT, contraindicating its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Hagar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Lance R Thurlow
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Bruce A Cairns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and.,North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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382
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Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Xu Y, Plazyo O, Unkel R, Leng Y, Than NG, Chaiworapongsa T, Panaitescu B, Dong Z, Tarca AL, Abrahams VM, Yeo L, Hassan SS. A Role for the Inflammasome in Spontaneous Preterm Labor With Acute Histologic Chorioamnionitis. Reprod Sci 2017; 24:1382-1401. [PMID: 28122480 PMCID: PMC5933090 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116687656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that orchestrate inflammation in response to pathogens and endogenous danger signals. Herein, we determined whether the chorioamniotic membranes from women in spontaneous preterm labor with acute histologic chorioamnionitis (1) express major inflammasome components; (2) express caspase (CASP)-1 and CASP-4 as well as their active forms; (3) exhibit apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC)/CASP-1 complex formation; and (4) release the mature forms of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. We utilized quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry to determine the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of major inflammasome components, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins, and the pro- and mature/active forms of CASP-1, CASP-4, IL-1β, and IL-18. The ASC/CASP-1 complex formation was determined using an in situ proximity ligation assay. When comparing the chorioamniotic membranes from women in spontaneous preterm labor with acute histologic chorioamnionitis to those without this placental lesion, we found that (1) the mRNA of NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein ( NLRP) 1, NLRP3, NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 ( NLRC4), and NOD2 were higher; (2) the NLRP3 protein was increased; (3) the mRNA and active form (p10) of CASP-1 were greater; (4) the mRNA and active form of CASP-4 were increased; (5) the mRNA and mature form of IL-1β were higher; (6) the mature form of IL-18 was elevated; and (7) ASC/CASP-1 complex formation was increased. In conclusion, spontaneous preterm labor with acute histologic chorioamnionitis is characterized by an upregulation of NLRP3 and the active form of CASP-4, as well as increased ASC/CASP-1 complex formation, which may participate in the activation of CASP-1 and the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 in the chorioamniotic membranes. These findings provide the first evidence that supports a role for the inflammasome in the pathological inflammation implicated in spontaneous preterm labor with acute histologic chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ronald Unkel
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yaozhu Leng
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Lendulet Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Maternity Private Department, Kutvolgyi Clinical Block, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vikki M. Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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383
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Di Virgilio F, Dal Ben D, Sarti AC, Giuliani AL, Falzoni S. The P2X7 Receptor in Infection and Inflammation. Immunity 2017; 47:15-31. [PMID: 28723547 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulates at sites of tissue injury and inflammation. Effects of extracellular ATP are mediated by plasma membrane receptors named P2 receptors (P2Rs). The P2R most involved in inflammation and immunity is the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), expressed by virtually all cells of innate and adaptive immunity. P2X7R mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cytokine and chemokine release, T lymphocyte survival and differentiation, transcription factor activation, and cell death. Ten human P2RX7 gene splice variants and several SNPs that produce complex haplotypes are known. The P2X7R is a potent stimulant of inflammation and immunity and a promoter of cancer cell growth. This makes P2X7R an appealing target for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapy. However, an in-depth knowledge of its structure and of the associated signal transduction mechanisms is needed for an effective therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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384
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Tang T, Lang X, Xu C, Wang X, Gong T, Yang Y, Cui J, Bai L, Wang J, Jiang W, Zhou R. CLICs-dependent chloride efflux is an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:202. [PMID: 28779175 PMCID: PMC5544706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome can sense different pathogens or danger signals, and has been reported to be involved in the development of many human diseases. Potassium efflux and mitochondrial damage are both reported to mediate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but the underlying, orchestrating signaling events are still unclear. Here we show that chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) act downstream of the potassium efflux-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 agonists induce potassium efflux, which causes mitochondrial damage and ROS production. Mitochondrial ROS then induces the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane for the induction of chloride efflux to promote NEK7-NLRP3 interaction, inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β secretion. Thus, our results identify CLICs-dependent chloride efflux as an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 activation.The NLRP3 inflammasome is key to the regulation of innate immunity against pathogens or stress, but the underlying signaling regulation is still unclear. Here the authors show that chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) interface between mitochondria stress and inflammasome activation to modulate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xueting Lang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Congfei Xu
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xiaqiong Wang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Bai
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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385
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Role of Pannexin1 channels in the resistance of I-10 testicular cancer cells to cisplatin mediated by ATP/IP 3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:514-522. [PMID: 28780469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) is the most commonly used drug in testicular cancer. However, drug resistance severely limits its clinical use and the underlying mechanisms need to be further clarified. The aim of present study was to investigate the role of ATP/IP3 pathway mediated by pannexin1 (Panx-1) channels on DDP-induced apoptosis and to reveal the potential mechanisms of DDP-resistance in testicular cancer. We found that the expression of Panx-1 in I-10/DDP cells (DDP-resistance) was decreased compared with parental I-10 cells determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. To further clarify the role of Panx-1 in DDP resistance, Panx-1 function was modulated by overexpression and knockdown of Panx-1 expression. Panx-1 overexpression increased DDP-induced apoptosis, ATP release and IP3 levels. On the contrary, Panx-1 silencing decreased DDP-induced apoptosis, ATP release and IP3 levels. Apyrase (hydrolyzing extracellular ATP) or xestospongin C (antagonizing IP3 receptor) also decreased DDP-induced apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that Panx-1 is involved in DDP-resistance and ATP/IP3 pathway mediated by Panx-1 channels participates in DDP-induced apoptosis in testicular cancer. Panx-1 modulation may be interesting to amplify the clinical effect of DDP and reverse the resistance of testicular cancer cells to DDP.
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386
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Kopitar-Jerala N. The Role of Interferons in Inflammation and Inflammasome Activation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:873. [PMID: 28791024 PMCID: PMC5525294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential physiological process, which enables survival during infection and maintains tissue homeostasis. Interferons (IFNs) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are crucial for appropriate response to pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants in inflammatory response. The inflammasom is multiprotein complex, which initiates cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 into active forms. In addition, inflammasomes initiate pyroptotic cell death. In the present review, I summarize and analyze recent findings regarding the cross talk of IFNs and inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Kopitar-Jerala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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387
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Whyte-Fagundes P, Zoidl G. Mechanisms of pannexin1 channel gating and regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:65-71. [PMID: 28735901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pannexins are a family of integral membrane proteins with distinct post-translational modifications, sub-cellular localization and tissue distribution. Panx1 is the most studied and best-characterized isoform of this gene family. The ubiquitous expression, as well as its function as a major ATP release and nucleotide permeation channel, makes Panx1 a primary candidate for participating in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders. While many investigations revolve around Panx1 functions in health and disease, more recently, details started emerging about mechanisms that control Panx1 channel activity. These advancements in Panx1 biology have revealed that beyond its classical role as an unopposed plasma membrane channel, it participates in alternative pathways involving multiple intracellular compartments, protein complexes and a myriad of extracellular participants. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of Panx1 at the center of these pathways, highlighting its modulation in a context specific manner. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Zoidl
- Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada; Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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388
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Zhang C, He H, Wang L, Zhang N, Huang H, Xiong Q, Yan Y, Wu N, Ren H, Han H, Liu M, Qian M, Du B. Virus-Triggered ATP Release Limits Viral Replication through Facilitating IFN-β Production in a P2X7-Dependent Manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1372-1381. [PMID: 28687662 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that innate immune responses are associated with extracellular nucleotides, particularly ATP. In this article, we demonstrate extensive protection of ATP/P2X7 signaling in a host against viral infection. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase in ATP as a danger signal in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected cell supernatant and VSV-infected mice in an exocytosis- and pannexin channel-dependent manner. Furthermore, extracellular ATP reduces the replication of VSV, Newcastle disease virus, murine leukemia virus, and HSV in vivo and in vitro through the P2X7 receptor. Meanwhile, ATP significantly increases IFN-β expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ATP facilitates IFN-β secretion through P38/JNK/ATF-2 signaling pathways, which are crucial in promoting antiviral immunity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the protective role of extracellular ATP and P2X7 in viral infection and suggest a potential therapeutic role for ATP/P2X7 in viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Hongwang He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Na Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Hongjun Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Qingqing Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Yan Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Nannan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Hua Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Honghui Han
- Bioray Laboratories Inc., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Min Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; and
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389
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes formed upon encounter of microbial or damage-associated stimuli. The main output of inflammasome assembly is activation of caspase-1, a protease involved in both pro-inflammatory and host-protective responses. Defined bacterial or viral ligands have been identified for the inflammasome-forming receptors AIM2, NLRP1, and NLRC4. The signals activating other inflammasomes, NLRP3, NLRP6, and pyrin, are less well understood. Recent studies implicated several low-molecular-weight compounds traditionally linked to metabolism, not immunity, in modulation of inflammasome signaling. Furthermore, genetic, pharmacological, or pathogen-mediated interference with energy metabolism also affects inflammasome activation. Here we review the findings on how microbial- and host-derived metabolites regulate activation of the NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasomes. We discuss the different models of how glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism control the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, we summarize the findings on metabolic control of pyrin and point to open questions to be addressed to broaden our understanding of metabolism-inflammasome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Próchnicki
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; Centre for Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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390
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Thomas CN, Berry M, Logan A, Blanch RJ, Ahmed Z. Caspases in retinal ganglion cell death and axon regeneration. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17032. [PMID: 29675270 PMCID: PMC5903394 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) are terminally differentiated CNS neurons that possess limited endogenous regenerative capacity after injury and thus RGC death causes permanent visual loss. RGC die by caspase-dependent mechanisms, including apoptosis, during development, after ocular injury and in progressive degenerative diseases of the eye and optic nerve, such as glaucoma, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and multiple sclerosis. Inhibition of caspases through genetic or pharmacological approaches can arrest the apoptotic cascade and protect a proportion of RGC. Novel findings have also highlighted a pyroptotic role of inflammatory caspases in RGC death. In this review, we discuss the molecular signalling mechanisms of apoptotic and inflammatory caspase responses in RGC specifically, their involvement in RGC degeneration and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe N Thomas
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Berry
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Blanch
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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391
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Multiple and complex influences of connexins and pannexins on cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017. [PMID: 28625689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental process for organogenesis, immunity and cell renewal. During the last decades a broad range of molecular tools were identified as important players for several different cell death pathways (apoptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis, autosis…). Aside from these direct regulators of cell death programs, several lines of evidence proposed connexins and pannexins as potent effectors of cell death. In the present review we discussed the potential roles played by connexins, pannexins and innexins in the different cell death programs at different scales from gap junction intercellular communication to protein-protein interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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392
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Detection of a microbial metabolite by STING regulates inflammasome activation in response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006383. [PMID: 28570638 PMCID: PMC5453623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is a critical component of host defence against microbial pathogens, but effective responses require an ability to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious insult to prevent inappropriate inflammation. Using the important obligate intracellular human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis; an organism that causes significant immunopathology, we sought to determine critical host and pathogen factors that contribute to the induction of inflammasome activation. We assayed inflammasome activation by immunoblotting and ELISA to detect IL-1β processing and LDH release to determine pyroptosis. Using primary murine bone marrow derived macrophages or human monocyte derived dendritic cells, infected with live or attenuated Chlamydia trachomatis we report that the live organism activates both canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes, but only canonical inflammasomes controlled IL-1β processing which preceded pyroptosis. NADPH oxidase deficient macrophages were permissive to Chlamydia trachomatis replication and displayed elevated type-1 interferon and inflammasome activation. Conversely, attenuated, non-replicating Chlamydia trachomatis, primed but did not activate inflammasomes and stimulated reduced type-1 interferon responses. This suggested bacterial replication or metabolism as important factors that determine interferon responses and inflammasome activation. We identified STING but not cGAS as a central mediator of interferon regulated inflammasome activation. Interestingly, exogenous delivery of a Chlamydia trachomatis metabolite and STING ligand—cyclic di-AMP, recovered inflammasome activation to attenuated bacteria in a STING dependent manner thus indicating that a bacterial metabolite is a key factor initiating inflammasome activation through STING, independent of cGAS. These data suggest a potential mechanism of how the innate immune system can distinguish between infectious and non-infectious insult and instigate appropriate immune responses that could be therapeutically targeted. Innate responses to bacterial infection such as Chlamydia trachomatis activate inflammasomes to enable the processing of IL-1β, IL-18 and the induction of an inflammatory form of cell death termed pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are crucial to host defence but require tight regulation in order to prevent inappropriate inflammation and immunopathology. Here, we demonstrate that the pro-inflammatory potential of an attenuated strain of Chlamydia trachomatis, that fails to activate the inflammasome, can be rescued by the addition of a bacterial metabolite. The requirement for this metabolite, highlights a novel mechanism of inflammasome regulation and reveals a crucial role for STING mediated interferon signalling independent of cGAS. These findings further our understanding of how the innate immune system can differentiate between potential infectious and non-infectious threats and mount appropriate immune responses.
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393
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Sharma D, Kanneganti TD. The cell biology of inflammasomes: Mechanisms of inflammasome activation and regulation. J Cell Biol 2017; 213:617-29. [PMID: 27325789 PMCID: PMC4915194 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201602089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, numerous advances have been made in the role and regulation of inflammasomes during pathogenic and sterile insults. An inflammasome complex comprises a sensor, an adaptor, and a zymogen procaspase-1. The functional output of inflammasome activation includes secretion of cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and induction of an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. Recent studies have highlighted the intersection of this inflammatory response with fundamental cellular processes. Novel modulators and functions of inflammasome activation conventionally associated with the maintenance of homeostatic biological functions have been uncovered. In this review, we discuss the biological processes involved in the activation and regulation of the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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394
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Pfalzgraff A, Heinbockel L, Su Q, Brandenburg K, Weindl G. Synthetic anti-endotoxin peptides inhibit cytoplasmic LPS-mediated responses. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 140:64-72. [PMID: 28539262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-independent recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cytosol by inflammatory caspases leads to non-canonical inflammasome activation and induction of IL-1 secretion and pyroptosis. The discovery of this novel mechanism has potential implications for the development of effective drugs to treat sepsis since LPS-mediated hyperactivation of caspases is critically involved in endotoxic shock. Previously, we demonstrated that Pep19-2.5, a synthetic anti-endotoxin peptide, efficiently neutralises pathogenicity factors of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and protects against sepsis in vivo. Here, we report that Pep19-2.5 inhibits the effects of cytoplasmic LPS in human myeloid cells and keratinocytes. In THP-1 monocytes and macrophages, the peptide strongly reduced secretion of IL-1β and LDH induced by intracellular LPS. In contrast, the TLR4 signaling inhibitor TAK-242 abrogates LPS-induced TNF and IL-1β secretion, but not pyroptotic cell death. Furthermore, Pep19-2.5 suppressed LPS-induced HMGB-1 production and caspase-1 activation in THP-1 monocytes. Consistent with this observation, we found impaired IL-1β and IL-1α release in LPS-stimulated primary monocytes in the presence of Pep19-2.5 and reduced LDH release and IL-1B and IL-1A expression in LPS-transfected HaCaT keratinocytes. Additionally, Pep19-2.5 completely abolished IL-1β release induced by LPS/ATP in macrophages via canonical inflammasome activation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that anti-endotoxin peptides inhibit the inflammasome/IL-1 axis induced by cytoplasmic LPS sensing in myeloid cells and keratinocytes and activation of the classical inflammasome by LPS/ATP which may contribute to the protection against bacterial sepsis and skin infections with intracellular Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pfalzgraff
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Divisions of Biophysics, Borstel, Germany
| | - Qi Su
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Divisions of Biophysics, Borstel, Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Berlin, Germany.
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395
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Yuan J, Najafov A, Py BF. Roles of Caspases in Necrotic Cell Death. Cell 2017; 167:1693-1704. [PMID: 27984721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caspases were originally identified as important mediators of inflammatory response and apoptosis. Recent discoveries, however, have unveiled their roles in mediating and suppressing two regulated forms of necrotic cell death, termed pyroptosis and necroptosis, respectively. These recent advances have significantly expanded our understanding of the roles of caspases in regulating development, adult homeostasis, and host defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ayaz Najafov
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- CIRI, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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396
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Greve AS, Skals M, Fagerberg SK, Tonnus W, Ellermann-Eriksen S, Evans RJ, Linkermann A, Praetorius HA. P2X 1, P2X 4, and P2X 7 Receptor Knock Out Mice Expose Differential Outcome of Sepsis Induced by α-Haemolysin Producing Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:113. [PMID: 28428949 PMCID: PMC5382212 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-haemolysin (HlyA)-producing Escherichia coli commonly inflict severe urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis, which comprises substantial risk for sepsis. In vitro, the cytolytic effect of HlyA is mainly mediated by ATP release through the HlyA pore and subsequent P2X1/P2X7 receptor activation. This amplification of the lytic process is not unique to HlyA but is observed by many other pore-forming proteins including complement-induced haemolysis. Since free hemoglobin in the blood is known to be associated with a worse outcome in sepsis one could speculate that inhibition of P2X receptors would ameliorate the course of sepsis. Surprisingly, this study demonstrates that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mice are exceedingly sensitive to sepsis with uropathogenic E. coli. These mice have markedly lower survival, higher cytokine levels and activated intravascular coagulation. Quite the reverse is seen in [Formula: see text] mice, which had markedly lower cytokine levels and less coagulation activation compared to controls after exposure to uropathogenic E. coli. The high cytokine levels in the [Formula: see text] mouse are unexpected, since P2X7 is implicated in caspase-1-dependent IL-1β production. Here, we demonstrate that IL-1β production during sepsis with uropathogenic E. coli is mediated by caspase-8, since caspase-8 and RIPK3 double knock out mice show substantially lower cytokine during sepsis and increased survival after injection of TNFα. These data support that P2X7 and P2X4 receptor activation has a protective effect during severe E. coli infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne Skals
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus DresdenDresden, Germany
| | | | - Richard J Evans
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus DresdenDresden, Germany
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397
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Targeting the P2X7 Receptor in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Vision (Basel) 2017; 1:vision1020011. [PMID: 31740637 PMCID: PMC6836166 DOI: 10.3390/vision1020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a membrane receptor for the extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It functions as a ligand-gated non-selective cation channel and can mediate formation of a large non-selective membrane pore. Activation of the P2X7R induces multiple downstream events, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and cell death. Although the P2X7R has been identified in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and different layers of retina, its biological and pathological functions as well as its downstream signaling pathways in the RPE and retina are not yet fully understood. Better understanding of the function of P2X7R in the RPE and retina under normal and disease states might lead to novel therapeutic targets in retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This brief review will mainly focus on recent findings on in vitro and in vivo evidence for the role of the P2X7R in the RPE and AMD.
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398
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Differential roles of caspase-1 and caspase-11 in infection and inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45126. [PMID: 28345580 PMCID: PMC5366862 DOI: 10.1038/srep45126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-1, also known as interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-converting enzyme (ICE), regulates antimicrobial host defense, tissue repair, tumorigenesis, metabolism and membrane biogenesis. On activation within an inflammasome complex, caspase-1 induces pyroptosis and converts pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their biologically active forms. “ICE−/−” or “Casp1−/−” mice generated using 129 embryonic stem cells carry a 129-associated inactivating passenger mutation on the caspase-11 locus, essentially making them deficient in both caspase-1 and caspase-11. The overlapping and unique functions of caspase-1 and caspase-11 are difficult to unravel without additional genetic tools. Here, we generated caspase-1–deficient mouse (Casp1Null) on the C57BL/6 J background that expressed caspase-11. Casp1Null cells did not release IL-1β and IL-18 in response to NLRC4 activators Salmonella Typhimurium and flagellin, canonical or non-canonical NLRP3 activators LPS and ATP, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium and transfection of LPS, AIM2 activators Francisella novicida, mouse cytomegalovirus and DNA, and the infectious agents Listeria monocytogenes and Aspergillus fumigatus. We further demonstrated that caspase-1 and caspase-11 differentially contributed to the host defense against A. fumigatus infection and to endotoxemia.
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399
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Giuliani AL, Sarti AC, Falzoni S, Di Virgilio F. The P2X7 Receptor-Interleukin-1 Liaison. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:123. [PMID: 28360855 PMCID: PMC5353276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a central role in stimulation of innate immune system and inflammation and in several chronic inflammatory diseases. These include rare hereditary conditions, e.g., auto-inflammatory syndromes, as well as common pathologies, such as type II diabetes, gout and atherosclerosis. A better understanding of IL-1β synthesis and release is particularly relevant for the design of novel anti-inflammatory drugs. One of the molecules mainly involved in IL-1β maturation is the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel that chiefly acts through the recruitment of the NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1 complex. In this review, we will summarize evidence supporting the key role of the P2X7R in IL-1β production, with special emphasis on the mechanism of release, a process that is still a matter of controversy. Four different models have been proposed: (i) exocytosis via secretory lysosomes, (ii) microvesicles shedding from plasma membrane, (iii) release of exosomes, and (iv) passive efflux across a leaky plasma membrane during pyroptotic cell death. All these models involve the P2X7R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alba C Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
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400
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Boyce AKJ, Epp AL, Nagarajan A, Swayne LA. Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of pannexins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:72-82. [PMID: 28279657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins are a 3-membered family of proteins that form large pore ion and metabolite channels in vertebrates. The impact of pannexins on vertebrate biology is intricately tied to where and when they are expressed, and how they are modified, once produced. The purpose of this review is therefore to outline our current understanding of transcriptional and post-translational regulation of pannexins. First, we briefly summarize their discovery and characteristics. Next, we describe several aspects of transcriptional regulation, including cell and tissue-specific expression, dynamic expression over development and disease, as well as new insights into the underlying molecular machinery involved. Following this, we delve into the role of post-translational modifications in the regulation of trafficking and channel properties, highlighting important work on glycosylation, phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation and proteolytic cleavage. Embedded throughout, we also highlight important knowledge gaps and avenues of future research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K J Boyce
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Anna L Epp
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Archana Nagarajan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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