351
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La Regina G, Bai R, Coluccia A, Famiglini V, Pelliccia S, Passacantilli S, Mazzoccoli C, Ruggieri V, Verrico A, Miele A, Monti L, Nalli M, Alfonsi R, Di Marcotullio L, Gulino A, Ricci B, Soriani A, Santoni A, Caraglia M, Porto S, Da Pozzo E, Martini C, Brancale A, Marinelli L, Novellino E, Vultaggio S, Varasi M, Mercurio C, Bigogno C, Dondio G, Hamel E, Lavia P, Silvestri R. New Indole Tubulin Assembly Inhibitors Cause Stable Arrest of Mitotic Progression, Enhanced Stimulation of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activity, and Repression of Hedgehog-Dependent Cancer. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5789-807. [PMID: 26132075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We designed 39 new 2-phenylindole derivatives as potential anticancer agents bearing the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl moiety with a sulfur, ketone, or methylene bridging group at position 3 of the indole and with halogen or methoxy substituent(s) at positions 4-7. Compounds 33 and 44 strongly inhibited the growth of the P-glycoprotein-overexpressing multi-drug-resistant cell lines NCI/ADR-RES and Messa/Dx5. At 10 nM, 33 and 44 stimulated the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. At 20-50 nM, 33 and 44 arrested >80% of HeLa cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, with stable arrest of mitotic progression. Cell cycle arrest was followed by cell death. Indoles 33, 44, and 81 showed strong inhibition of the SAG-induced Hedgehog signaling activation in NIH3T3 Shh-Light II cells with IC50 values of 19, 72, and 38 nM, respectively. Compounds of this class potently inhibited tubulin polymerization and cancer cell growth, including stimulation of natural killer cell cytotoxic activity and repression of Hedgehog-dependent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Regina
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ruoli Bai
- ‡Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Famiglini
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- §Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Passacantilli
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- ∥Laboratorio di Ricerca Pre-Clinica e Traslazionale, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Via Padre Pio 1, I-85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- ∥Laboratorio di Ricerca Pre-Clinica e Traslazionale, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Via Padre Pio 1, I-85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- ⊥Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Miele
- ⊥Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ludovica Monti
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Romina Alfonsi
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy.,∇Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Gulino
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- ⊥Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, I-00185 Roma, Italy.,#Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- ○Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via S.M. Costantinopoli 16, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Porto
- ○Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via S.M. Costantinopoli 16, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Da Pozzo
- ◆Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- ◆Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Brancale
- ¶Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- §Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- §Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Mario Varasi
- △European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, I-20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- ☆DAC SRL, Genextra Group, Via Adamello 16, I-20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Bigogno
- ▲APHAD Srl, Via della Resistanza 65, I-20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- ▲APHAD Srl, Via della Resistanza 65, I-20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- ‡Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- ⊥Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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352
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Satheesha S, Manzella G, Bovay A, Casanova EA, Bode PK, Belle R, Feuchtgruber S, Jaaks P, Dogan N, Koscielniak E, Schäfer BW. Targeting hedgehog signaling reduces self-renewal in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene 2015; 35:2020-30. [PMID: 26189795 PMCID: PMC5399168 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment regimens for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common pediatric soft tissue cancer, rely on conventional chemotherapy, and although they show clinical benefit, there is a significant risk of adverse side effects and secondary tumors later in life. Therefore, identifying and targeting sub-populations with higher tumorigenic potential and self-renewing capacity would offer improved patient management strategies. Hedgehog signaling has been linked to the development of embryonal RMS (ERMS) through mouse genetics and rare human syndromes. However, activating mutations in this pathway in sporadic RMS are rare and therefore the contribution of hedgehog signaling to oncogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show by genetic loss- and gain-of-function experiments and the use of clinically relevant small molecule modulators that hedgehog signaling is important for controlling self-renewal of a subpopulation of RMS cells in vitro and tumor initiation in vivo. In addition, hedgehog activity altered chemoresistance, motility and differentiation status. The core stem cell gene NANOG was determined to be important for ERMS self-renewal, possibly acting downstream of hedgehog signaling. Crucially, evaluating the presence of a subpopulation of tumor-propagating cells in patient biopsies identified by GLI1 and NANOG expression had prognostic significance. Hence, this work identifies novel functional aspects of hedgehog signaling in ERMS, redefines the rationale for its targeting as means to control ERMS self-renewal and underscores the importance of studying functional tumor heterogeneity in pediatric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Satheesha
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Manzella
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Bovay
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E A Casanova
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P K Bode
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Belle
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Feuchtgruber
- Department of Oncology/Hematology/Immunology, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Jaaks
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Dogan
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Koscielniak
- Department of Oncology/Hematology/Immunology, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B W Schäfer
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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353
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Di Magno L, Manzi D, D'Amico D, Coni S, Macone A, Infante P, Di Marcotullio L, De Smaele E, Ferretti E, Screpanti I, Agostinelli E, Gulino A, Canettieri G. Druggable glycolytic requirement for Hedgehog-dependent neuronal and medulloblastoma growth. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3404-13. [PMID: 25485584 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.952973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of SHH pathway is a major cause of medulloblastoma (MB), the most frequent brain malignancy of the childhood. A few Hedgehog inhibitors, all antagonizing the membrane transducer Smo, have been approved or are under clinical trials for the treatment of human MB. However, the efficacy of these drugs is limited by the occurrence of novel mutations or by activation of downstream or non-canonical Hedgehog components. Thus, the identification of novel druggable downstream pathways represents a critical step to overcome this problem. In the present work we demonstrate that aerobic glycolysis is a valuable HH-dependent downstream target, since its inhibition significantly counteracts the HH-mediated growth of normal and tumor cells. Hedgehog activation induces transcription of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), two key gatekeepers of glycolysis. The process is mediated by the canonical activation of the Gli transcription factors and causes a robust increase of extracellular lactate concentration. We show that inhibition of glycolysis at different levels blocks the Hedgehog-induced proliferation of granule cell progenitors (GCPs), the cells from which medulloblastoma arises. Remarkably, we demonstrate that this glycolytic transcriptional program is also upregulated in SHH-dependent tumors and that pharmacological targeting with the pyruvate kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) efficiently represses MB growth in vitro and in vivo. Together, these data illustrate a previously uncharacterized pharmacological strategy to target Hedgehog dependent growth, which can be exploited for the treatment of medulloblastoma patients.
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Key Words
- 2DG, 2-deoxy-D-glucose
- 3-BrPA, 3-Bromopyruvate
- ACC, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- ATO, arsenic trioxide
- DCA
- DCA, dichloroacetate
- EGL, external granular layer
- GCPs, granule cells progenitors
- HH, Hedgehog
- HK2, Hexokinase 2
- Hedgehog
- IGL, internal granular layer
- MB, Medulloblastoma
- PARP, poly( ADP-ribose) polymerase
- PKM2, Pyruvate Kinase M2
- Ptch1, Patched1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SHH, Sonic Hedgehog
- Smo, Smoothened
- Sufu, suppressor of fused
- cerebellum
- glycolysis
- medulloblastoma
- metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Magno
- a Department of Molecular Medicine ; Sapienza University of Rome
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354
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Teperino R, Pospisilik JA. Determination and Analysis of Cellular Metabolic Changes by Noncanonical Hedgehog Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1322:187-98. [PMID: 26179049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2772-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog is a morphogen essential for body patterning and proper embryonic development from flies to humans. Thought quiescent in adults, its inappropriate reactivation is associated with many disparate genetic and sporadic types of human cancers. Recent findings have demonstrated a key, yet unexpected, role of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in metabolic control. Here, we describe a panel of methods to determine and analyze cellular and organismal metabolic changes downstream of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Teperino
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
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355
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Li YH, Luo J, Mosley YYC, Hedrick VE, Paul LN, Chang J, Zhang G, Wang YK, Banko MR, Brunet A, Kuang S, Wu JL, Chang CJ, Scott MP, Yang JY. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Directly Phosphorylates and Destabilizes Hedgehog Pathway Transcription Factor GLI1 in Medulloblastoma. Cell Rep 2015; 12:599-609. [PMID: 26190112 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway regulates cell differentiation and proliferation during development by controlling the Gli transcription factors. Cell fate decisions and progression toward organ and tissue maturity must be coordinated, and how an energy sensor regulates the Hh pathway is not clear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important sensor of energy stores and controls protein synthesis and other energy-intensive processes. AMPK is directly responsive to intracellular AMP levels, inhibiting a wide range of cell activities if ATP is low and AMP is high. Thus, AMPK can affect development by influencing protein synthesis and other processes needed for growth and differentiation. Activation of AMPK reduces GLI1 protein levels and stability, thus blocking Sonic-hedgehog-induced transcriptional activity. AMPK phosphorylates GLI1 at serines 102 and 408 and threonine 1074. Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK. This leads to increased GLI1 protein stability, transcriptional activity, and oncogenic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsing Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Departments of Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yung-Yi C Mosley
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Victoria E Hedrick
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Lake N Paul
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Julia Chang
- Departments of Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yu-Kuo Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Max R Banko
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Matthew P Scott
- Departments of Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jer-Yen Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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356
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Felley-Bosco E, Opitz I, Meerang M. Hedgehog Signaling in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:500-11. [PMID: 26184317 PMCID: PMC4584313 DOI: 10.3390/genes6030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a cancer associated with exposure to asbestos fibers, which accumulate in the pleural space, damage tissue and stimulate regeneration. Hedgehog signaling is a pathway important during embryonic mesothelium development and is inactivated in adult mesothelium. The pathway is reactivated in some MPM patients with poor clinical outcome, mainly mediated by the expression of the ligands. Nevertheless, mutations in components of the pathway have been observed in a few cases. Data from different MPM animal models and primary culture suggest that both autocrine and paracrine Hedgehog signaling are important to maintain tumor growth. Drugs inhibiting the pathway at the level of the smoothened receptor (Smo) or glioma-associated protein transcription factors (Gli) have been used mostly in experimental models. For clinical development, biomarkers are necessary for the selection of patients who can benefit from Hedgehog signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- University Hospital Zurich, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic of Oncology, Haeldeliweg 4, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mayura Meerang
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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357
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Maugeri-Saccà M, Vici P, Di Lauro L, Barba M, Amoreo CA, Gallo E, Mottolese M, De Maria R. Cancer stem cells: are they responsible for treatment failure? Future Oncol 2015; 10:2033-44. [PMID: 25396775 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming resistance to standard anticancer treatments represents a significant challenge. The interest regarding cancer stem cells, a cellular population that has the ability to self-renew and to propagate the tumor, was prompted by experimental evidence delineating the molecular mechanisms that are selectively activated in this cellular subset in order to survive chemotherapy. This has also stimulated combination strategies aimed at rendering cancer stem cells vulnerable to anticancer agents. Moreover, cancer stem cells offer a unique opportunity for modeling human cancers in mice, thus emerging as a powerful tool for testing novel drugs and combinations in a simulation of human disease. These novel animal models may lay the foundation for a new generation of clinical trials aimed at anticipating the benefit to patients of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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358
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Lu CH, Hou QR, Deng LF, Fei C, Xu WP, Zhang Q, Wu KM, Ning BF, Xie WF, Zhang X. MicroRNA-370 Attenuates Hepatic Fibrogenesis by Targeting Smoothened. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2038-48. [PMID: 25686745 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent research shows that abnormal expression of microRNA plays an important role in the process of hepatic fibrosis . miR-370 has been reported to be involved in liver function and is suppressed during hepatic carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-370 in hepatic fibrosis. METHODS The expression levels of miR-370 in rat fibrotic livers and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. The effect of miR-370 on the activation of HSCs was analyzed by flow cytometric analyses, real-time PCR and Western blot. Adenovirus carrying miR-370 was injected through the tail vein to access the effect of miR-370 on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. The downstream targets of miR-370 were predicted by the Target Scan database and verified by luciferase assays, real-time PCR and Western blot in HSCs and were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry in vivo. RESULTS Real-time PCR showed that miR-370 expression was significantly reduced in rat fibrotic livers and TGFβ1-stimulated HSCs. Overexpression of miR-370 inhibited the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells via inducing cell apoptosis and suppressed the activation of HSCs. Upregulation of miR-370 obviously attenuated the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. miR-370 was directly bound to the 3'UTR of Smoothened (SMO) and suppressed the expression of SMO in HSCs and fibrotic livers. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that miR-370 plays an inhibitory role in hepatic fibrogenesis by targeting SMO. Restoration of miR-370 may have beneficial effects on the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
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359
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Wang J, Peng Y, Liu Y, Yang J, Huang M, Tan W. AT-101 inhibits hedgehog pathway activity and cancer growth. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:461-9. [PMID: 26113054 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AT-101 is considered as a putative pan-inhibitor of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein members acting as a BH3 mimetic. It is currently being investigated in phase I/II clinical trial in various types of cancers. In this study, using a series of in vitro and in vivo assays, we evaluated the effect of AT-101 on the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway activity and its anticancer ability. RESULTS We found that AT-101 obviously blocked the Hh signaling pathway activity in response to ShhN-conditioned medium (ShhN CM). This inhibitory effect, to some extent, displayed selectivity against Hh signaling pathway. Furthermore, we identified that AT-101 potentially acted on smoothened (Smo) by sharing the same binding site with cyclopamine, a classical Hh signaling pathway inhibitor. Taking advantage of the patch+/-; p53-/- mouse medulloblastoma model, we observed that AT-101 significantly suppressed the Hh-driven medulloblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that AT-101 significantly and selectively inhibits Hh pathway activity by potentially targeting Smo and consequently suppresses the growth of Hh-driven cancer. Therefore, this study reveals a novel molecular mechanism responsible for the anticancer action of AT-101 and contributes to the further development of AT-101 as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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360
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Kast RE, Karpel-Massler G, Halatsch ME. CUSP9* treatment protocol for recurrent glioblastoma: aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, celecoxib, disulfiram, itraconazole, ritonavir, sertraline augmenting continuous low dose temozolomide. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8052-82. [PMID: 25211298 PMCID: PMC4226667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CUSP9 treatment protocol for recurrent glioblastoma was published one year ago. We now present a slight modification, designated CUSP9*. CUSP9* drugs--aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, celecoxib, disulfiram, itraconazole, sertraline, ritonavir, are all widely approved by regulatory authorities, marketed for non-cancer indications. Each drug inhibits one or more important growth-enhancing pathways used by glioblastoma. By blocking survival paths, the aim is to render temozolomide, the current standard cytotoxic drug used in primary glioblastoma treatment, more effective. Although esthetically unpleasing to use so many drugs at once, the closely similar drugs of the original CUSP9 used together have been well-tolerated when given on a compassionate-use basis in the cases that have come to our attention so far. We expect similarly good tolerability for CUSP9*. The combined action of this suite of drugs blocks signaling at, or the activity of, AKT phosphorylation, aldehyde dehydrogenase, angiotensin converting enzyme, carbonic anhydrase -2,- 9, -12, cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, cathepsin B, Hedgehog, interleukin-6, 5-lipoxygenase, matrix metalloproteinase -2 and -9, mammalian target of rapamycin, neurokinin-1, p-gp efflux pump, thioredoxin reductase, tissue factor, 20 kDa translationally controlled tumor protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor. We believe that given the current prognosis after a glioblastoma has recurred, a trial of CUSP9* is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- University of Ulm, Department of Neurosurgery, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- University of Ulm, Department of Neurosurgery, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
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361
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Pathophysiological role of microRNA-29 in pancreatic cancer stroma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11450. [PMID: 26095125 PMCID: PMC4476113 DOI: 10.1038/srep11450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dense fibrotic stroma associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major obstacle for drug delivery to the tumor bed and plays a crucial role in pancreatic cancer progression. Current, anti-stromal therapies have failed to improve tumor response to chemotherapy and patient survival. Furthermore, recent studies show that stroma impedes tumor progression, and its complete ablation accelerates PDAC progression. In an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with tumor-stromal interactions, using in vitro and in vivo models and PDAC patient biopsies, we show that the loss of miR-29 is a common phenomenon of activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs)/fibroblasts, the major stromal cells responsible for fibrotic stromal reaction. Loss of miR-29 is correlated with a significant increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, a major component in PDAC stroma. Our in vitro miR-29 gain/loss-of-function studies document the role of miR-29 in PSC-mediated ECM stromal protein accumulation. Overexpression of miR-29 in activated stellate cells reduced stromal deposition, cancer cell viability, and cancer growth in co-culture. Furthermore, the loss of miR-29 in TGF-β1 activated PSCs is SMAD3 dependent. These results provide insights into the mechanistic role of miR-29 in PDAC stroma and its potential use as a therapeutic agent to target PDAC.
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362
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Owen TS, Ngoje G, Lageman TJ, Bordeau BM, Belfort M, Callahan BP. Förster resonance energy transfer-based cholesterolysis assay identifies a novel hedgehog inhibitor. Anal Biochem 2015; 488:1-5. [PMID: 26095399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins function in cell/cell signaling processes linked to human embryo development and the progression of several types of cancer. Here, we describe an optical assay of hedgehog cholesterolysis, a unique autoprocessing event critical for Hh function. The assay uses a recombinant Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-active Hh precursor whose cholesterolysis can be monitored continuously in multi-well plates (dynamic range=4, Z'=0.7), offering advantages in throughput over conventional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assays. Application of the optical assay in a pilot small molecule screen produced a novel cholesterolysis inhibitor (apparent IC50=5×10(-6)M) that appears to inactivate hedgehog covalently by a substitution nucleophilic aromatic (SNAr) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - George Ngoje
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Travis J Lageman
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Brandon M Bordeau
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Marlene Belfort
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Brian P Callahan
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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363
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Xue J, Zhou A, Tan C, Wu Y, Lee HT, Li W, Xie K, Huang S. Forkhead Box M1 Is Essential for Nuclear Localization of Glioma-associated Oncogene Homolog 1 in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells by Promoting Importin-7 Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18662-70. [PMID: 26085085 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.662882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), a primary marker of Hedgehog pathway activation, and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) are aberrantly activated in a wide range of malignancies, including glioma. However, the mechanism of nuclear localization of GLI1 and whether FOXM1 regulates the Hedgehog signaling pathway are poorly understood. Here we found that FOXM1 promotes nuclear import of GLI1 in glioblastoma multiforme cells and thus increases the expression of its target genes. Conversely, knockdown of FOXM1 expression with FOXM1 siRNA abrogated its nuclear import and inhibited the expression of its target genes. Also, genetic deletion of FOXM1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts abolished nuclear localization of GLI1. We observed that FOXM1 directly binds to the importin-7 (IPO7) promoter and increases its promoter activity. IPO7 interacted with GLI1, leading to enhanced nuclear import of GLI1. Depletion of IPO7 by IPO7 siRNA reduced nuclear accumulation of GLI1. In addition, FOXM1 induced nuclear import of GLI1 by promoting IPO7 expression. Moreover, the FOXM1/IPO7/GLI1 axis promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Finally, expression of FOXM1 was markedly correlated with that of GLI1 in human glioblastoma specimens. These data suggest that FOXM1 and GLI1 form a positive feedback loop that contributes to glioblastoma development. Furthermore, our study revealed a mechanism that controls nuclear import of GLI1 in glioblastoma multiforme cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Xue
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030,
| | - Aidong Zhou
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Christina Tan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yamei Wu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Wenliang Li
- the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, and the Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China, and
| | - Keping Xie
- the Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition and Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Suyun Huang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
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364
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Thillai K, Sarker D, Ross P. Progress in pancreatic cancer therapeutics: The potential to exploit molecular targets. World J Pharmacol 2015; 4:180-192. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v4.i2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive and devastating disease associated with poor survival outcomes. Even though significant advances have been made towards understanding the intricate pathology of this cancer, several important aspects remain unknown. Recently, key genetic mutations within the tumour have been identified, but the exact role they play in tumourigenesis has yet to be determined. For many years, the micro-tumour environment and stroma was thought to aid proliferation but there is now emerging research that suggests the contrary. Several novel targeted agents in pre-clinical and early clinical studies have been promising but it remains to be seen whether they will have a significant impact on patient outcomes. In this review we discuss the unique nature of pancreatic cancer biology, current treatment options and summarise the latest results from pre-clinical and clinical research. We also discuss the future strategies that are needed to improve outcomes for this disease.
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365
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Ridzewski R, Rettberg D, Dittmann K, Cuvelier N, Fulda S, Hahn H. Hedgehog Inhibitors in Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Comparison of Four Compounds and Responsiveness of Four Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2015; 5:130. [PMID: 26106586 PMCID: PMC4459089 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and is divided into two major histological subgroups, i.e., embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar RMS (ARMS). RMS can show HEDGEHOG/SMOOTHENED (HH/SMO) signaling activity and several clinical trials using HH inhibitors for therapy of RMS have been launched. We here compared the antitumoral effects of the SMO inhibitors GDC-0449, LDE225, HhA, and cyclopamine in two ERMS (RD, RUCH-2) and two ARMS (RMS-13, Rh41) cell lines. Our data show that the antitumoral effects of these SMO inhibitors are highly divers and do not necessarily correlate with inhibition of HH signaling. In addition, the responsiveness of the RMS cell lines to the drugs is highly heterogeneous. Whereas some SMO inhibitors (i.e., LDE225 and HhA) induce strong proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects in some RMS cell lines, others paradoxically induce cellular proliferation at certain concentrations (e.g., 10 μM GDC-0449 or 5 μM cyclopamine in RUCH-2 and Rh41 cells) or can increase HH signaling activity as judged by GLI1 expression (i.e., LDE225, HhA, and cyclopamine). Similarly, some drugs (e.g., HhA) inhibit PI3K/AKT signaling or induce autophagy (e.g., LDE225) in some cell lines, whereas others cannot (e.g., GDC-0449). In addition, the effects of SMO inhibitors are concentration-dependent (e.g., 1 and 10 μM GDC-0449 decrease GLI1 expression in RD cells whereas 30 μM GDC-0449 does not). Together these data show that some SMO inhibitors can induce strong antitumoral effects in some, but not all, RMS cell lines. Due to the highly heterogeneous response, we propose to conduct thorough pretesting of SMO inhibitors in patient-derived short-term RMS cultures or patient-derived xenograft mouse models before applying these drugs to RMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Ridzewski
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Diana Rettberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Kai Dittmann
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Nicole Cuvelier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Heidi Hahn
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
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366
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Shimizu Y, Ishii T, Ogawa K, Sasaki S, Matsui H, Nakayama M. Biochemical characterization of smoothened receptor antagonists by binding kinetics against drug-resistant mutant. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:220-227. [PMID: 26048307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling critical for development, differentiation, and cell growth is involved in several cancers, including medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. Although antagonism of the smoothened receptor (SMO), which mediates Hh signaling, is an attractive therapeutic target, a drug-resistant mutation in SMO (SMO-D473H) was identified in a clinical trial of the approved drug vismodegib. TAK-441 potently inhibits SMO-D473H, unlike vismodegib and another SMO antagonist, cyclopamine, whereas the differences in binding modes between these antagonists remain unknown. Here we report the biochemical characterization of TAK-441, vismodegib, and cyclopamine by binding kinetics. The association (kon) and dissociation (koff) rates were determined by kinetic binding studies using [(3)H]TAK-441, and dissociation was confirmed by label-free affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS). In the [(3)H]TAK-441 competition assay, TAK-441 but not vismodegib and cyclopamine showed time-dependent inhibition. Quantitative kinetic binding analysis revealed that koff of TAK-441 was >10-fold smaller than those of vismodegib and cyclopamine. To further assess the binding mode of antagonists, kinetic binding analysis was performed against SMO-D473H. The D473H mutation affected koff of TAK-441 but not kon. In contrast, only kon was changed by the D473H mutation in the case of vismodegib and cyclopamine. These results suggest that the difference in antagonist efficacy against D473H is associated with the binding mode of antagonists. These findings provide a new insight into the drug action of SMO antagonists and help develop potential therapeutics for drug-resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shimizu
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsui
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakayama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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367
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Kim J, Hsia EYC, Brigui A, Plessis A, Beachy PA, Zheng X. The role of ciliary trafficking in Hedgehog receptor signaling. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra55. [PMID: 26038600 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa5622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the biogenesis of or transport through primary cilia affect Hedgehog protein signaling, and many Hedgehog pathway components traffic through or accumulate in cilia. The Hedgehog receptor Patched negatively regulates the activity and ciliary accumulation of Smoothened, a seven-transmembrane protein that is essential for transducing the Hedgehog signal. We found that this negative regulation of Smoothened required the ciliary localization of Patched, as specified either by its own cytoplasmic tail or by provision of heterologous ciliary localization signals. Surprisingly, given that Hedgehog binding promotes the exit of Patched from the cilium, we observed that an altered form of Patched that is retained in the cilium nevertheless responded to Hedgehog, resulting in Smoothened activation. Our results indicate that whereas ciliary localization of Patched is essential for suppression of Smoothened activation, the primary event enabling Smoothened activation is binding of Hedgehog to Patched, and Patched ciliary removal is secondary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jynho Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elaine Y C Hsia
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Amira Brigui
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Anne Plessis
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Departments of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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368
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Regulation of the oncoprotein Smoothened by small molecules. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:246-55. [PMID: 25785427 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog pathway is critical for animal development and has been implicated in multiple human malignancies. Despite great interest in targeting the pathway pharmacologically, many of the principles underlying the signal transduction cascade remain poorly understood. Hedgehog ligands are recognized by a unique receptor system that features the transporter-like protein Patched and the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-like Smoothened (SMO). The biochemical interaction between these transmembrane proteins is the subject of intensive efforts. Recent structural and functional studies have provided great insight into the small-molecule regulation of SMO through identification of two distinct ligand-binding sites. In this Perspective, we review these recent findings and relate them to potential mechanisms for the endogenous regulation of SMO.
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369
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Lee J, Jeong S, Lee CR, Ku CR, Kang SW, Jeong JJ, Nam KH, Shin DY, Chung WY, Lee EJ, Jo YS. GLI1 Transcription Factor Affects Tumor Aggressiveness in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e998. [PMID: 26107686 PMCID: PMC4504527 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) present with extrathyroidal extension (ETE) and lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, the molecular mechanism of tumor invasiveness in PTC remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to understand the role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in tumor aggressiveness in patients with PTC. Subjects were patients who underwent thyroidectomy from 2012 to 2013 in a single institution. Frozen or paraffin-embedded tumor tissues with contralateral-matched normal thyroid tissues were collected. Hh signaling activity was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (National Center for Biotechnology Information) were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). BRAFT1799A and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation C228T were analyzed by direct sequencing. Among 137 patients with PTC, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) group III (patients in whom the ratio of GLI1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level in tumor tissue to GLI1 mRNA level in matched normal tissue was in the upper third of the subject population) had elevated risk for ETE (odds ratio [OR] 4.381, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.414-13.569, P = 0.01) and LNM (OR 5.627, 95% CI 1.674-18.913, P = 0.005). Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 (GLI2) group III also had elevated risk for ETE (OR 4.152, 95% CI 1.292-13.342, P = 0.017) and LNM (OR 3.924, 95% CI 1.097-14.042, P = 0.036). GSEA suggested that higher GLI1 expression is associated with expression of the KEGG gene set related to axon guidance (P = 0.031, false discovery rate < 0.05), as verified by qRT-PCR and IHC staining in our subjects.GLI1 and GLI2 expressions were clearly related to aggressive clinicopathological features and aberrant activation of GLI1 involved in the axon guidance pathway. These results may contribute to development of new prognostic markers, as well as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandee Lee
- From the Department of Surgery (JL, CRL, S-WK, JJJ, K-HN, WYC); and Department of Internal Medicine (SJ, CRK, DYS, EJL, YSJ), Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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370
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Spann AL, Yuan K, Goliwas KF, Steg AD, Kaushik DD, Kwon YJ, Frost AR. The presence of primary cilia in cancer cells does not predict responsiveness to modulation of smoothened activity. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:269-79. [PMID: 25997440 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that regulate smoothened-dependent activation of the GLI transcription factors in canonical hedgehog signaling. In many cancers, primary cilia are markedly decreased or absent. The lack of primary cilia may inhibit or alter canonical hedgehog signaling and, thereby, interfere in the cellular responsiveness to modulators of smoothened activity. Clinical trials of smoothened antagonists for cancer treatment have shown the best response in basal cell carcinomas, with limited response in other solid tumors. To determine whether the presence or absence of primary cilia in cancer cells will predict their responsiveness to modulation of smoothened activity, we compared the ability of an agonist and/or inhibitor of smoothened (SAG and SANT1, respectively) to modulate GLI-mediated transcription, as measured by GLI1 mRNA level or GLI-luciferase reporter activity, in non-cancer cells with primary cilia (ovarian surface epithelial cells and breast fibroblasts), in cancer cells that cannot assemble primary cilia (MCF7, MDA-MB-231 cell lines), and in cancer cells with primary cilia (SKOV3, PANC1 cell lines). As expected, SAG and SANT1 resulted in appropriate modulation of GLI transcriptional activity in ciliated non-cancer cells, and failed to modulate GLI transcriptional activity in cancer cells without primary cilia. However, there was also no modulation of GLI transcriptional activity in either ciliated cancer cell line. SAG treatment of SKOV3 induced localization of smoothened to primary cilia, as assessed by immunofluorescence, even though there was no increase in GLI transcriptional activity, suggesting a defect in activation of SMO in the primary cilia or in steps later in the hedgehog pathway. In contrast to SKOV3, SAG treatment of PANC1 did not cause the localization of smoothened to primary cilia. Our data demonstrate that the presence of primary cilia in the cancer epithelial cells lines tested does not indicate their responsiveness to smoothened activation or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Spann
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kun Yuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kayla F Goliwas
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adam D Steg
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Devanshu D Kaushik
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yeon-Jin Kwon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andra R Frost
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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371
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Sherman MH, Yu RT, Engle DD, Ding N, Atkins AR, Tiriac H, Collisson EA, Connor F, Van Dyke T, Kozlov S, Martin P, Tseng TW, Dawson DW, Donahue TR, Masamune A, Shimosegawa T, Apte MV, Wilson JS, Ng B, Lau SL, Gunton JE, Wahl GM, Hunter T, Drebin JA, O'Dwyer PJ, Liddle C, Tuveson DA, Downes M, Evans RM. Vitamin D receptor-mediated stromal reprogramming suppresses pancreatitis and enhances pancreatic cancer therapy. Cell 2015; 159:80-93. [PMID: 25259922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 779] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The poor clinical outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is attributed to intrinsic chemoresistance and a growth-permissive tumor microenvironment. Conversion of quiescent to activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) drives the severe stromal reaction that characterizes PDA. Here, we reveal that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in stroma from human pancreatic tumors and that treatment with the VDR ligand calcipotriol markedly reduced markers of inflammation and fibrosis in pancreatitis and human tumor stroma. We show that VDR acts as a master transcriptional regulator of PSCs to reprise the quiescent state, resulting in induced stromal remodeling, increased intratumoral gemcitabine, reduced tumor volume, and a 57% increase in survival compared to chemotherapy alone. This work describes a molecular strategy through which transcriptional reprogramming of tumor stroma enables chemotherapeutic response and suggests vitamin D priming as an adjunct in PDA therapy. PAPERFLICK:
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara H Sherman
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Ning Ding
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Herve Tiriac
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Eric A Collisson
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Frances Connor
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, The Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Terry Van Dyke
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Serguei Kozlov
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomed, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Philip Martin
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomed, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Tiffany W Tseng
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David W Dawson
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Beverly Ng
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sue Lynn Lau
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Drebin
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter J O'Dwyer
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- The Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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372
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Walther V, Hiley CT, Shibata D, Swanton C, Turner PE, Maley CC. Can oncology recapitulate paleontology? Lessons from species extinctions. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2015; 12:273-85. [PMID: 25687908 PMCID: PMC4569005 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although we can treat cancers with cytotoxic chemotherapies, target them with molecules that inhibit oncogenic drivers, and induce substantial cell death with radiation, local and metastatic tumours recur, resulting in extensive morbidity and mortality. Indeed, driving a tumour to extinction is difficult. Geographically dispersed species of organisms are perhaps equally resistant to extinction, but >99.9% of species that have ever existed on this planet have become extinct. By contrast, we are nowhere near that level of success in cancer therapy. The phenomena are broadly analogous--in both cases, a genetically diverse population mutates and evolves through natural selection. The goal of cancer therapy is to cause cancer cell population extinction, or at least to limit any further increase in population size, to prevent the tumour burden from overwhelming the patient. However, despite available treatments, complete responses are rare, and partial responses are limited in duration. Many patients eventually relapse with tumours that evolve from cells that survive therapy. Similarly, species are remarkably resilient to environmental change. Paleontology can show us the conditions that lead to extinction and the characteristics of species that make them resistant to extinction. These lessons could be translated to improve cancer therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Walther
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Crispin T Hiley
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Darryl Shibata
- Department of Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Hoffman Medical Research Center 211, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9092, USA
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Paul E Turner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Carlo C Maley
- Center for Evolution and Cancer, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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373
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Cohen PR, Kurzrock R. Merkel Cell Carcinoma with a Suppressor of Fused (SUFU) Mutation: Case Report and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2015; 5:129-43. [PMID: 25876211 PMCID: PMC4470960 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-015-0074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Merkel cell carcinoma is a neuroendocrine malignancy. Suppressor of fused (SUFU) is a tumor suppressor oncogene that participates in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The aim of the study was to describe a patient whose Merkel cell carcinoma demonstrated a SUFU genomic alteration. Case Study The Hh signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of several tumors, including nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome that is associated with an alteration of the patched-1 (PTCH1) gene. Targeted molecular therapy against smoothened (SMO) with vismodegib has been shown to be an effective therapeutic intervention for patients with PTCH-1 mutation. The reported patient was presented with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. Analysis of his tumor, using a next-generation sequencing-based assay, demonstrated a genomic aberration of SUFU protein, a component of the Hh signaling pathway that acts downstream to SMO and, therefore, is unlikely to be responsive to vismodegib. Of interest, arsenic trioxide or bromo and extra C-terminal inhibitors impact signals downstream to SUFU, making this aberration conceivably druggable. His tumor has initially been managed with chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide) and subsequent radiation therapy is planned. Conclusion The pathogenesis of Merkel cell carcinoma is multifactorial, and related to ultraviolet radiation exposure, immunosuppression, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. We report a patient with a mutation in SUFU, a potentially actionable component of the Hh signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555-015-0074-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,
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374
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Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD. Stem cell state and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Implications for cancer therapy. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:603-19. [PMID: 25708160 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell paradigm, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its converse, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, have reached convergence. Implicit in this understanding is the notion that cancer cells can change state, and with such change come bidirectional alterations in motility, proliferative activity, and drug resistance. As such, tumors present a moving target for antineoplastic therapy. This article will review the evolving adult stem cell paradigm and how changes in our understanding of the bidirectional nature of cancer cell differentiation may affect the selection and timing of antineoplastic therapy. The goal is to determine how to best administer therapies potentially targeted against the cancer stem cell state in the context of established treatment regimens, and to evaluate long-term effects beyond tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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375
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Bever KM, Sugar EA, Bigelow E, Sharma R, Laheru D, Wolfgang CL, Jaffee EM, Anders RA, De Jesus-Acosta A, Zheng L. The prognostic value of stroma in pancreatic cancer in patients receiving adjuvant therapy. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17:292-8. [PMID: 25250696 PMCID: PMC4368391 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is comprised of a prominent desmoplastic stromal compartment and only 10-40% of the tumour consists of PDA cells. However, how stromal components should be assessed and how the characteristics of the stromal compartment determine clinical outcomes in PDA patients remain unknown. METHOD A cohort of 66 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and were primarily followed at Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1998 and 2004, and treated with adjuvant therapy, were included in a retrospective analysis. Resected PDA blocks with good tissue preservation were available for all patients. A new, computer-aided, quantitative method was developed to assess the density and activity of stroma in PDAs and the associations of these characteristics with clinical outcomes. RESULTS High stromal density in resected PDA was found to be significantly associated with longer disease-free [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.39; P = 0.001] and overall (aHR 0.44; P = 0.004) survival after adjusting for the use of pancreatic cancer vaccine therapy, as well as gender and resection margin positivity. Stromal activity, representing activated pancreatic stellate cells in PDAs, was not significantly associated with the prognosis of resected PDAs. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate the complexity of the role of stroma in PDAs. Further exploration of the prognostic ability of the characteristics of stroma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Bever
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Sugar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elaine Bigelow
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Laheru
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana De Jesus-Acosta
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA,Correspondence, Lei Zheng, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 488, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. Tel: + 1 410 502 6241. Fax: + 1 410 614 8216. E-mail:
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376
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Shoni M, Lui KO, Vavvas DG, Muto MG, Berkowitz RS, Vlahos N, Ng SW. Protein kinases and associated pathways in pluripotent state and lineage differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 9:366-87. [PMID: 24998240 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x09666140616130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) mediate the reversible conversion of substrate proteins to phosphorylated forms, a key process in controlling intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Pluripotency is, among others, characterized by specifically expressed PKs forming a highly interconnected regulatory network that culminates in a finely-balanced molecular switch. Current high-throughput phosphoproteomic approaches have shed light on the specific regulatory PKs and their function in controlling pluripotent states. Pluripotent cell-derived endothelial and hematopoietic developments represent an example of the importance of pluripotency in cancer therapeutics and organ regeneration. This review attempts to provide the hitherto known kinome profile and the individual characterization of PK-related pathways that regulate pluripotency. Elucidating the underlying intrinsic and extrinsic signals may improve our understanding of the different pluripotent states, the maintenance or induction of pluripotency, and the ability to tailor lineage differentiation, with a particular focus on endothelial cell differentiation for anti-cancer treatment, cell-based tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu-Wing Ng
- 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI- 449A, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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377
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Chang KM, Liang FP, Chen IL, Yang SC, Juang SH, Wang TC, Chen YL, Tzeng CC. Discovery of oxime-bearing naphthalene derivatives as a novel structural type of Nrf2 activators. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3852-9. [PMID: 25907366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress insult is one of major causes of tumor formation. Therefore, identify the effective anti-oxidative agents as a preventive approach to stop cancer progression has widely explored. Although, many potent anti-oxidative ingredients in the natural products have been identified but the amount from the nature source hindrances the clinical application. Compound which can activate Nrf2 signaling pathway result unregulated the cellular antioxidant-responses has been demonstrated as an effective chemopreventive approach for cancer treatment. In the present study, certain oxime-bearing naphthalene derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their Nrf2 activation and anti-proliferative activities. Results indicated (E)-1-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-one oxime (11) which increased 2.04-fold Nrf2/ARE-driven luciferase activity was more active than its 1-substituted isomer 10 (1.17-fold) and t-BHQ (1.77-fold), the known Nrf2 activator. The activities were further increased by the replacement of the peripheral methyl group with the phenyl ring in which (Z)-2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-1-phenylethanone oxime (13a) exhibited 3.49-fold potency of the positive control. It is worth to mention that compounds 11, 13a, and 13b which showed significant Nrf2 activation are non-cytotoxic to the tested cells with IC50>50μM. This observation strongly suggested that these compounds can be used for chemoprevention. Mechanism studies indicated that these compounds were capable of inducing the phosphorylation of Nrf2 protein at serine 40 which led to the activation of the Nrf2 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ming Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Pin Liang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hun Juang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Cherng-Chyi Tzeng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
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378
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De novo branching cascades for structural and functional diversity in small molecules. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6516. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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379
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Hadden MK. Targeting GLI proteins in human cancer by small molecules (WO2014116651 A1): a patent evaluation. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:613-7. [PMID: 25772316 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1019467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The invention reviewed in this patent evaluation is the synthesis and application of small molecule inhibitors of Gli transcriptional activity as potential anticancer agents. The oncogenic nature of Gli proteins has been traditionally associated with the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway; however, the recent identification of aberrant Gli activation unrelated to Hh signaling has prompted drug discovery efforts directly targeting Gli proteins. The central core of the compounds described in this patent (WO2014116651 A1) is structurally analogous to the pyrazoline scaffold previously disclosed by these inventors. Data describing the inhibitory activity of these compounds against the Hh pathway in vitro and in Hh-dependent in vivo models of human cancer are not provided. For this patent disclosure, the inventors primarily focus on the anticancer properties of their compounds in lung and lung-related malignancies. The compounds are moderately active in these models, but they do not exhibit the overall preclinical profile generally required for advancement into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyle Hadden
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT , USA +1 860 846 8446; +1 860 486 6857;
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380
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Hedgehog signaling pathway is active in GBM with GLI1 mRNA expression showing a single continuous distribution rather than discrete high/low clusters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116390. [PMID: 25775002 PMCID: PMC4361547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a valid therapeutic target in a wide range of malignancies. We focus here on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a lethal malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS). By analyzing RNA-sequencing based transcriptomics data on 149 clinical cases of TCGA-GBM database we show here a strong correlation (r = 0.7) between GLI1 and PTCH1 mRNA expression--as a hallmark of the canonical Hh-pathway activity in this malignancy. GLI1 mRNA expression varied in 3 orders of magnitude among the GBM patients of the same cohort showing a single continuous distribution-unlike the discrete high/low-GLI1 mRNA expressing clusters of medulloblastoma (MB). When compared with MB as a reference, the median GLI1 mRNA expression in GBM appeared 14.8 fold lower than that of the "high-Hh" cluster of MB but 5.6 fold higher than that of the "low-Hh" cluster of MB. Next, we demonstrated statistically significant up- and down-regulation of GLI1 mRNA expressions in GBM patient-derived low-passage neurospheres in vitro by sonic hedgehog ligand-enriched conditioned media (shh-CM) and by Hh-inhibitor drug vismodegib respectively. We also showed clinically achievable dose (50 μM) of vismodegib alone to be sufficient to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in these low-passage GBM neurospheres in vitro. Vismodegib showed an effect on the neurospheres, both by down-regulating GLI1 mRNA expression and by inducing apoptosis/cell cycle arrest, irrespective of their relative endogenous levels of GLI1 mRNA expression. We conclude from our study that this single continuous distribution pattern of GLI1 mRNA expression technically puts almost all GBM patients in a single group rather than discrete high- or low-clusters in terms of Hh-pathway activity. That is suggestive of therapies with Hh-pathway inhibitor drugs in this malignancy without a need for further stratification of patients on the basis of relative levels of Hh-pathway activity among them.
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381
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Ruffini PA, Vaja V, Allegretti M. Improving cancer therapy by targeting cancer stem cells: Directions, challenges, and clinical results. World J Pharmacol 2015; 4:58-74. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v4.i1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a rare cell population within a tumor characterized by the ability to form tumors following injection into an immunocompromised host. While the role of CSC has been clearly established in animal models, evidence of their clinical relevance has been harder to demonstrate. A number of markers, or combination thereof, have been used to detect and measure, although non-specifically, CSC in almost all human tumors. Several pathways have been identified as crucial for, but not necessarily unique to, CSC survival and proliferation, and novel agents have been designed to target such pathways. A number of such agents have entered early phase development. Further, drugs that have long been marketed for non-oncological indications have been redirected to oncology as they appear to affect one or more of such pathways. This article aims to review the available evidence on the clinical relevance of CSC from a drug development standpoint and the results of early phase clinical trials of agents interfering with the above pathways. It also discusses limitations of current clinical trial design and endpoints to demonstrate anti-CSC activity as well as possible strategies to overcome these limitations.
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382
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Sharpe HJ, Pau G, Dijkgraaf GJ, Basset-Seguin N, Modrusan Z, Januario T, Tsui V, Durham AB, Dlugosz AA, Haverty PM, Bourgon R, Tang JY, Sarin KY, Dirix L, Fisher DC, Rudin CM, Sofen H, Migden MR, Yauch RL, de Sauvage FJ. Genomic analysis of smoothened inhibitor resistance in basal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:327-41. [PMID: 25759019 PMCID: PMC5675004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors are under clinical investigation for the treatment of several cancers. Vismodegib is approved for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Most BCC patients experience significant clinical benefit on vismodegib, but some develop resistance. Genomic analysis of tumor biopsies revealed that vismodegib resistance is associated with Hedgehog (Hh) pathway reactivation, predominantly through mutation of the drug target SMO and to a lesser extent through concurrent copy number changes in SUFU and GLI2. SMO mutations either directly impaired drug binding or activated SMO to varying levels. Furthermore, we found evidence for intra-tumor heterogeneity, suggesting that a combination of therapies targeting components at multiple levels of the Hh pathway is required to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley J Sharpe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gregoire Pau
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gerrit J Dijkgraaf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Januario
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alison B Durham
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrzej A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter M Haverty
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Richard Bourgon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Luc Dirix
- Sint-Augustinus Cancer Center, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | | | - Charles M Rudin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Howard Sofen
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Robert L Yauch
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Frederic J de Sauvage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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383
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Atwood SX, Sarin KY, Whitson RJ, Li JR, Kim G, Rezaee M, Ally MS, Kim J, Yao C, Chang ALS, Oro AE, Tang JY. Smoothened variants explain the majority of drug resistance in basal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:342-53. [PMID: 25759020 PMCID: PMC4357167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) frequently acquire resistance to Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors through unknown mechanisms. Here we identify SMO mutations in 50% (22 of 44) of resistant BCCs and show that these mutations maintain Hedgehog signaling in the presence of SMO inhibitors. Alterations include four ligand binding pocket mutations defining sites of inhibitor binding and four variants conferring constitutive activity and inhibitor resistance, illuminating pivotal residues that ensure receptor autoinhibition. In the presence of a SMO inhibitor, tumor cells containing either class of SMO mutants effectively outcompete cells containing the wild-type SMO. Finally, we show that both classes of SMO variants respond to aPKC-ι/λ or GLI2 inhibitors that operate downstream of SMO, setting the stage for the clinical use of GLI antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott X Atwood
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ramon J Whitson
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiang R Li
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Geurim Kim
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Melika Rezaee
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mina S Ally
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jinah Kim
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine Yao
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Lynn S Chang
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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384
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Abstract
Hedgehog ligands control tissue development and homeostasis by alleviating repression of Smoothened, a seven-pass transmembrane protein. The Hedgehog receptor, Patched, is thought to regulate the availability of small lipophilic Smoothened repressors whose identity is unknown. Lipoproteins contain lipids required to repress Smoothened signaling in vivo. Here, using biochemical fractionation and lipid mass spectrometry, we identify these repressors as endocannabinoids. Endocannabinoids circulate in human and Drosophila lipoproteins and act directly on Smoothened at physiological concentrations to repress signaling in Drosophila and mammalian assays. Phytocannabinoids are also potent Smo inhibitors. These findings link organismal metabolism to local Hedgehog signaling and suggest previously unsuspected mechanisms for the physiological activities of cannabinoids.
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385
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386
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Hedgehog signaling in basal cell carcinoma. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 78:95-100. [PMID: 25766766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common type of skin cancer, is occasionally aggressive with deep invasion, destruction of adjacent structures, recurrence and, on very rare occasions, regional and distant metastases. Mutations that occur in BCC in hedgehog (Hh) pathway genes primarily involve the genes encoding patched homolog (PTCH) and smoothened homolog (SMO). Several animal models have demonstrated the functional relevance of genetic alterations in the Hh pathway during tumorigenesis. Recently, targeted therapy has become available both commercially and in the context of human clinical trials. Interestingly, Hh pathway inhibitors not only suppress BCC progression but also promote acquired immune responses. Since immune responses are crucial for long-term tumor control, new clinical trials, such as those involving a combination of Hh inhibitors with immune modifiers, are needed to supplement standard methods of tumor control.
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387
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Cooperative integration between HEDGEHOG-GLI signalling and other oncogenic pathways: implications for cancer therapy. Expert Rev Mol Med 2015; 17:e5. [PMID: 25660620 PMCID: PMC4836208 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The HEDGEHOG-GLI (HH-GLI) signalling is a key pathway critical in embryonic development, stem cell biology and tissue homeostasis. In recent years, aberrant activation of HH-GLI signalling has been linked to several types of cancer, including those of the skin, brain, lungs, prostate, gastrointestinal tract and blood. HH-GLI signalling is initiated by binding of HH ligands to the transmembrane receptor PATCHED and is mediated by transcriptional effectors that belong to the GLI family, whose activity is finely tuned by a number of molecular interactions and post-translation modifications. Several reports suggest that the activity of the GLI proteins is regulated by several proliferative and oncogenic inputs, in addition or independent of upstream HH signalling. The identification of this complex crosstalk and the understanding of how the major oncogenic signalling pathways interact in cancer is a crucial step towards the establishment of efficient targeted combinatorial treatments. Here we review recent findings on the cooperative integration of HH-GLI signalling with the major oncogenic inputs and we discuss how these cues modulate the activity of the GLI proteins in cancer. We then summarise the latest advances on SMO and GLI inhibitors and alternative approaches to attenuate HH signalling through rational combinatorial therapies.
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388
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Tate EW, Kalesh KA, Lanyon-Hogg T, Storck EM, Thinon E. Global profiling of protein lipidation using chemical proteomic technologies. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 24:48-57. [PMID: 25461723 PMCID: PMC4319709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein lipidation is unique amongst post-translational modifications (PTMs) in enabling direct interaction with cell membranes, and is found in every form of life. Lipidation is important in normal function and in disease, but its intricate interplay with disease context presents a challenging for drug development. Global whole-proteome profiling of protein lipidation lies beyond the range of standard methods, but is well-suited to metabolic tagging with small 'clickable' chemical reporters that do not disrupt metabolism and function; chemoselective reactions are then used to add multifunctional labels exclusively to tagged-lipidated proteins. This chemical proteomic technology has opened up the first quantitative whole-proteome studies of the known major classes of protein lipidation, and the first insights into their full scope in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Karunakaran A Kalesh
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas Lanyon-Hogg
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elisabeth M Storck
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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389
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Hoch L, Faure H, Roudaut H, Schoenfelder A, Mann A, Girard N, Bihannic L, Ayrault O, Petricci E, Taddei M, Rognan D, Ruat M. MRT-92 inhibits Hedgehog signaling by blocking overlapping binding sites in the transmembrane domain of the Smoothened receptor. FASEB J 2015; 29:1817-29. [PMID: 25636740 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Smoothened (Smo) receptor, a member of class F G protein-coupled receptors, is the main transducer of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway implicated in a wide range of developmental and adult processes. Smo is the target of anticancer drugs that bind to a long and narrow cavity in the 7-transmembrane (7TM) domain. X-ray structures of human Smo (hSmo) bound to several ligands have revealed 2 types of 7TM-directed antagonists: those binding mostly to extracellular loops (site 1, e.g., LY2940680) and those penetrating deeply in the 7TM cavity (site 2, e.g., SANT-1). Here we report the development of the acylguanidine MRT-92, which displays subnanomolar antagonist activity against Smo in various Hh cell-based assays. MRT-92 inhibits rodent cerebellar granule cell proliferation induced by Hh pathway activation through pharmacologic (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.4 nM) or genetic manipulation. Using [(3)H]MRT-92 (Kd = 0.3 nM for hSmo), we created a comprehensive framework for the interaction of small molecule modulators with hSmo and for understanding chemoresistance linked to hSmo mutations. Guided by molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis data, our work convincingly confirms that MRT-92 simultaneously recognized and occupied both sites 1 and 2. Our data demonstrate the existence of a third type of Smo antagonists, those entirely filling the Smo binding cavity from the upper extracellular part to the lower cytoplasmic-proximal subpocket. Our studies should help design novel potent Smo antagonists and more effective therapeutic strategies for treating Hh-linked cancers and associated chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Hoch
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Helene Faure
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Hermine Roudaut
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Angele Schoenfelder
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andre Mann
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicolas Girard
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Laure Bihannic
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Petricci
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Didier Rognan
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Martial Ruat
- *Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-9197, Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche-3306, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1005, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
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390
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Zadorozny EV, Little JC, Kalderon D. Contributions of Costal 2-Fused interactions to Hedgehog signaling in Drosophila. Development 2015; 142:931-42. [PMID: 25633354 DOI: 10.1242/dev.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila kinesin-family protein Costal 2 (Cos2) and its mammalian ortholog Kif7 play dual roles in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. In the absence of Hh, Cos2 and Kif7 contribute to proteolytic processing and silencing of the Hh-regulated transcription factors, Drosophila Cubitus interruptus (Ci) and mammalian Gli proteins. Cos2 and Kif7 are also necessary for full activation of full-length Ci-155 and Gli transcription factors in response to Hh proteins. Here, we use classical fused alleles and transgenic Cos2 products deficient for Fused (Fu) association to show that Cos2 must bind to Fu to support efficient Ci-155 processing. Residual Ci-155 processing in the absence of Cos2-Fu interaction did not require Suppressor of Fused, which has been implicated in processing mammalian Gli proteins. We also provide evidence that Cos2 binding to the CORD domain of Ci-155 contributes to both Ci-155 processing and Ci-155 silencing in the absence of Hh. In the presence of Hh, Ci-155 processing is blocked and Cos2 now promotes activation of Ci-155, which requires Fu kinase activity. Here, we show that normal Ci-155 activation by Hh requires Cos2 binding to Fu, supporting the hypothesis that Cos2 mediates the apposition of Fu molecules suitable for cross-phosphorylation and consequent full activation of Fu kinase. We also find that phosphorylation of Cos2 by Fu at two previously mapped sites, S572 and S931, which is thought to mediate Ci-155 activation, is not required for normal activation of Ci-155 by Hh or by activated Fu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva V Zadorozny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jamie C Little
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniel Kalderon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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391
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DeBerardinis AM, Raccuia DS, Thompson EN, Maschinot CA, Kyle Hadden M. Vitamin D3 analogues that contain modified A- and seco-B-rings as hedgehog pathway inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:156-71. [PMID: 25676864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a developmental signaling pathway that has been implicated as a target for anti-cancer drug development in a variety of human malignancies. Several natural and synthetic vitamin D-based seco-steroids have been identified as potent inhibitors of Hh signaling with chemotherapeutic potential. These include the previously characterized analogue 4, which contains the northern CD-ring/side chain region of vitamin D3 (VD3) linked to an aromatic A-ring mimic through an ester bond. To further explore structure-activity relationships for this class of VD3-based Hh pathway inhibitors, we have designed, synthesized and evaluated several series of compounds that modify the length, composition, and stereochemical orientation of the ester linker. These studies have identified compounds 54 and 55, which contain an amine linker and an aromatic A-ring incorporating a para-phenol, as new lead compounds with enhanced potency against the Hh pathway (IC50 values = 0.40 and 0.32 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M DeBerardinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Daniel S Raccuia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Evrett N Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Chad A Maschinot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - M Kyle Hadden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA.
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392
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Xing Z, Lin C, Yang L. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of the LncRNA-dependent noncanonical Hedgehog pathway in cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e998900. [PMID: 27308519 PMCID: PMC4905365 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2014.998900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to Hedgehog pathway inhibitors has been reported in the clinical setting and upregulation of noncanonical Hedgehog signaling is one of the major underlying mechanisms behind this resistance. As demonstrated in our recent study, greater clinical efficacy might be achieved by focusing on downstream targets of the chemokine-activated noncanonical Hedgehog signaling pathway such as BCAR4 and phospho-GLI2 (Ser149).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xing
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA; Cancer Biology Program; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA; Cancer Biology Program; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Houston, TX, USA; The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA
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393
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Ogawa H, Nagano H, Konno M, Eguchi H, Koseki J, Kawamoto K, Nishida N, Colvin H, Tomokuni A, Tomimaru Y, Hama N, Wada H, Marubashi S, Kobayashi S, Mori M, Doki Y, Ishii H. The combination of the expression of hexokinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2 is a prognostic marker in patients with pancreatic cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:563-571. [PMID: 26137268 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism may determine the biologically malignant behavior of pancreatic cancer. To investigate the significance and prognostic value of cancer metabolism in cancer patients, we investigated the expression of two key enzymes in anaerobic glycolysis, hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2), in surgical specimens obtained from 36 patients who underwent curative resection of pancreatic ductal carcinoma. The hk2-glycolysis axis is a key system in the clinical imaging of tumors via positron emission tomography. Immunohistochemical staining for hk2 and pkm2 was performed and the data were statistically analyzed to evaluate their prognostic power. The expression of hk2 and pkm2 was associated with clinicopathological variables and patient prognosis, including overall survival, local recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival. Staining for hk2 was negative and positive in 42 and 58% of the patients, respectively, whereas staining for pkm2 was negative and positive in 56 and 44%, respectively; hk2-positive staining was correlated with progressive pathological tumor stage (pT3 vs. pT1 and pT2; P=0.017). In the univariate analysis, the positive expression of hk2 and pkm2, pathological stage (pT3 vs. pT1 and pT2) and nodal metastasis were significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P<0.03). In the multivariate analysis, pathological nodal metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival, whereas the positive expression of hk2 and pkm2 exhibited borderline significance (P=0.08 and 0.12, hazard ratio = 2.57 and 2.16, respectively). In addition, the combination of high expression of hk2 as well as pkm2 was found to be significant (P<0.05). These results suggested that the expression of hk2 and pkm2, particularly their combination, in surgical specimens obtained during curative resection, may predict an unfavorable clinical outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hugh Colvin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Tomokuni
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Marubashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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394
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Biswas NK, Chandra V, Sarkar-Roy N, Das T, Bhattacharya RN, Tripathy LN, Basu SK, Kumar S, Das S, Chatterjee A, Mukherjee A, Basu P, Maitra A, Chattopadhyay A, Basu A, Dhara S. Variant allele frequency enrichment analysis in vitro reveals sonic hedgehog pathway to impede sustained temozolomide response in GBM. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7915. [PMID: 25604826 PMCID: PMC4300501 DOI: 10.1038/srep07915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) may or may not show sustained response to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. We hypothesize that TMZ chemotherapy response in GBM is predetermined in its neoplastic clones via a specific set of mutations that alter relevant pathways. We describe exome-wide enrichment of variant allele frequencies (VAFs) in neurospheres displaying contrasting phenotypes of sustained versus reversible TMZ-responses in vitro. Enrichment of VAFs was found on genes ST5, RP6KA1 and PRKDC in cells showing sustained TMZ-effect whereas on genes FREM2, AASDH and STK36, in cells showing reversible TMZ-effect. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed that these genes alter cell-cycle, G2/M-checkpoint-regulation and NHEJ pathways in sustained TMZ-effect cells whereas the lysine-II&V/phenylalanine degradation and sonic hedgehog (Hh) pathways in reversible TMZ-effect cells. Next, we validated the likely involvement of the Hh-pathway in TMZ-response on additional GBM neurospheres as well as on GBM patients, by extracting RNA-sequencing-based gene expression data from the TCGA-GBM database. Finally, we demonstrated TMZ-sensitization of a TMZ non-responder neurosphere in vitro by treating them with the FDA-approved pharmacological Hh-pathway inhibitor vismodegib. Altogether, our results indicate that the Hh-pathway impedes sustained TMZ-response in GBM and could be a potential therapeutic target to enhance TMZ-response in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhan K Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Vikas Chandra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Neeta Sarkar-Roy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Tapojyoti Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | | | - Laxmi N Tripathy
- Medica Superspeciality Hospital, 127 Mukundapur, Kolkata 700099, India
| | - Sunandan K Basu
- Medica Superspeciality Hospital, 127 Mukundapur, Kolkata 700099, India
| | - Shantanu Kumar
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Subrata Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Ankita Chatterjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Ankur Mukherjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Pryiadarshi Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | | | - Analabha Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Surajit Dhara
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
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395
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Malhi S, Gu X. Nanocarrier-mediated drugs targeting cancer stem cells: an emerging delivery approach. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1177-201. [PMID: 25601619 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.998648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in the development of drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence. Current conventional therapies do not commonly target CSCs. Nanocarrier-based delivery systems targeting cancer cells have entered a new era of treatment, where specific targeting to CSCs may offer superior outcomes to efficient cancer therapies. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the involvement of CSCs in tumor progression and relevant mechanisms associated with CSCs resistance to conventional chemo- and radio-therapies. It highlights CSCs-targeted strategies that are either under evaluation or could be explored in the near future, with a focus on various nanocarrier-based delivery systems of drugs and nucleic acids to CSCs. Novel nanocarriers targeting CSCs are presented in a cancer-specific way to provide a current perspective on anti-CSCs therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION The field of CSCs-targeted therapeutics is still emerging with a few small molecules and macromolecules currently proving efficacy in clinical trials. However considering the complexities of CSCs and existing delivery difficulties in conventional anticancer therapies, CSC-specific delivery systems would face tremendous technical and clinical challenges. Nanocarrier-based approaches have demonstrated significant potential in specific drug delivery and targeting; their success in CSCs-targeted drug delivery would not only significantly enhance anticancer treatment but also address current difficulties associated with cancer resistance, metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarandeep Malhi
- University of Manitoba, College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , 750 McDermot Avenue Winnipeg, MB R3E 0H5 , Canada
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396
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Ma H, Lu W, Sun Z, Luo L, Geng D, Yang Z, Li E, Zheng J, Wang M, Zhang H, Yang S, Zhang X. Design, synthesis, and structure–activity-relationship of tetrahydrothiazolopyridine derivatives as potent smoothened antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:721-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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397
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Goldman J, Eckhardt SG, Borad MJ, Curtis KK, Hidalgo M, Calvo E, Ryan DP, Wirth LJ, Parikh A, Partyka J, Faessel H, Gangolli E, Stewart S, Rosen LS, Bowles DW. Phase I Dose-Escalation Trial of the Oral Investigational Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Inhibitor TAK-441 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:1002-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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398
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Banerjee U, DeBerardinis AM, Hadden MK. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of hybrid vitamin D3 side chain analogues as hedgehog pathway inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:548-55. [PMID: 25549899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) is a moderately potent and non-selective inhibitor of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling cascade. Previous studies have established that the CD-ring region of VD3 serves as the Hh inhibitory pharmacophore. Subsequently, compound 3, an ester linked aromatic A-ring and CD-ring derivative was identified as an improved and selective Hh inhibitor. Herein, we report modifications of the CD-ring side chain that afford enhancement of selectivity for Hh modulation thereby diminishing the detrimental effects of concomitant vitamin D receptor activation. In general, linear or moderately branched alkyl chains of five or six carbons were optimal for potent and selective inhibition of Hh signaling. Moreover, hybrid VD3 side chain derivative 20 demonstrated 4-fold improvement in Hh antagonistic activity over VD3(IC50=1.1-1.6 μM) while gaining greater than a 1000-fold selectivity for Hh signaling over canonical activation of the vitamin D receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Albert M DeBerardinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - M Kyle Hadden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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399
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Infante P, Mori M, Alfonsi R, Ghirga F, Aiello F, Toscano S, Ingallina C, Siler M, Cucchi D, Po A, Miele E, D'Amico D, Canettieri G, De Smaele E, Ferretti E, Screpanti I, Uccello Barretta G, Botta M, Botta B, Gulino A, Di Marcotullio L. Gli1/DNA interaction is a druggable target for Hedgehog-dependent tumors. EMBO J 2014; 34:200-17. [PMID: 25476449 PMCID: PMC4298015 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling is essential for tissue development and stemness, and its deregulation has been observed in many tumors. Aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling is the result of genetic mutations of pathway components or other Smo-dependent or independent mechanisms, all triggering the downstream effector Gli1. For this reason, understanding the poorly elucidated mechanism of Gli1-mediated transcription allows to identify novel molecules blocking the pathway at a downstream level, representing a critical goal in tumor biology. Here, we clarify the structural requirements of the pathway effector Gli1 for binding to DNA and identify Glabrescione B as the first small molecule binding to Gli1 zinc finger and impairing Gli1 activity by interfering with its interaction with DNA. Remarkably, as a consequence of its robust inhibitory effect on Gli1 activity, Glabrescione B inhibited the growth of Hedgehog-dependent tumor cells in vitro and in vivo as well as the self-renewal ability and clonogenicity of tumor-derived stem cells. The identification of the structural requirements of Gli1/DNA interaction highlights their relevance for pharmacologic interference of Gli signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Infante
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Alfonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Aiello
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Toscano
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Siler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Cucchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide D'Amico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruno Botta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Gulino
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti - University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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400
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Hedgehog signaling pathway mediates tongue tumorigenesis in wild-type mice but not in Gal3-deficient mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:332-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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