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Duprat R, Wu GR, De Raedt R, Baeken C. Accelerated iTBS treatment in depressed patients differentially modulates reward system activity based on anhedonia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:497-508. [PMID: 28789578 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1355472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (aiTBS) anti-depressive working mechanisms are still unclear. Because aiTBS may work through modulating the reward system and the level of anhedonia may influence this modulation, we investigated the effect of aiTBS on reward responsiveness in high and low anhedonic MDD patients. METHODS In this registered RCT (NCT01832805), 50 MDD patients were randomised to a sham-controlled cross-over aiTBS treatment protocol over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Patients performed a probabilistic learning task in fMRI before and after each week of stimulation. RESULTS Task performance analyses did not show any significant effects of aiTBS on reward responsiveness, nor differences between both groups of MDD patients. However, at baseline, low anhedonic patients displayed higher neural activity in the caudate and putamen. After the first week of aiTBS treatment, in low anhedonic patients we found a decreased neural activity within the reward system, in contrast to an increased activity observed in high anhedonic patients. No changes were observed in reward related neural regions after the first week of sham stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Although both MDD groups showed no differences in task performance, our brain imaging findings suggest that left DLPFC aiTBS treatment modulates the reward system differently according to anhedonia severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Duprat
- a Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Ghent Experimental Psychiatry , (GHEP) Laboratory , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- a Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Ghent Experimental Psychiatry , (GHEP) Laboratory , Ghent , Belgium.,c Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- d Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- a Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Ghent Experimental Psychiatry , (GHEP) Laboratory , Ghent , Belgium.,e Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital (UZBrussel) , Brussels , Belgium
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352
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Scheggi S, Pelliccia T, Cuomo A, De Montis MG, Gambarana C. Antidepressant and pro-motivational effects of repeated lamotrigine treatment in a rat model of depressive symptoms. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00849. [PMID: 30338306 PMCID: PMC6190531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Limitations Conclusions
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353
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A Network Perspective on the Search for Common Transdiagnostic Brain Mechanisms. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:e47-e48. [PMID: 30165953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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354
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Increased inflammation and brain glutamate define a subtype of depression with decreased regional homogeneity, impaired network integrity, and anhedonia. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:189. [PMID: 30202011 PMCID: PMC6131242 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined increases in peripheral inflammation and brain glutamate may identify a subtype of depression with distinct neuroimaging signatures. Two contrasting subgroups of depressed subjects-with and without combined elevations in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and basal ganglia glutamate (high and low CRP-Glu, respectively) were identified by hierarchical clustering using plasma CRP (indexing peripheral inflammation) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-based measurement of left basal ganglia glutamate. High CRP-Glu group status was associated with greater severity of anhedonia and cognitive and motor slowing. Local- and network-level measures of functional integrity were determined using brain oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-oscillatory activity and graph theory. Greater decreases in concordance of oscillatory activity between neighboring voxels (Regional Homogeneity 'ReHo', p < 0.01) within the MRS volume-of-interest was associated with the High CRP-Glu subgroup. Using brain-wide, CRP-Glu ReHo contrast maps, a covariance network of 41 regions-of-interest (ROIs) with similar ReHo decreases was identified in the High CRP-Glu group and was located to brain structures previously implicated in depression. The 41-ROI network was further decomposed into four subnetworks. ReHo decreases within Subnetwork4-comprised of reward processing regions -was associated with anhedonia. Subnetwork4 ReHo also predicted decreased network integrity, which mediated the link between local ReHo and anhedonia in the Low but not High CRP-Glu group. These findings suggest that decreased ReHo and related disruptions in network integrity may reflect toxic effects of inflammation-induced increases in extrasynaptic glutamate signaling. Moreover, local BOLD oscillatory activity as reflected in ReHo might be a useful measure of target-engagement in the brain for treatment of inflammation-induced behaviors.
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355
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Disentangling reward anticipation with simultaneous pupillometry / fMRI. Neuroimage 2018; 178:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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356
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Freed RD, Mehra LM, Laor D, Patel M, Alonso CM, Kim-Schulze S, Gabbay V. Anhedonia as a clinical correlate of inflammation in adolescents across psychiatric conditions. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 20:712-722. [PMID: 29843560 PMCID: PMC6377856 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1482000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Peripheral inflammation has been associated with multiple psychiatric disorders, particularly with depression. However, findings remain inconsistent and unreproducible, most likely due to the disorder's heterogeneity in phenotypic presentation. Therefore, in the present study, in an effort to account for inter-individual differences in symptom severity, we utilised a dimensional approach to assess the relationships between a broad panel of inflammatory cytokines and key psychiatric symptoms (i.e. depression, anhedonia, anxiety, fatigue and suicidality) in adolescents across psychiatric disorders. We hypothesised that only anhedonia (reflecting deficits of reward function) will be associated with inflammation.Methods: Participants were 54 psychotropic medication-free adolescents with diverse psychiatric conditions and 22 healthy control (HC) adolescents, aged 12-20. We measured 41 cytokines after in vitro lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Mann-Whitney U and Spearman correlation tests examined group comparison and associations, respectively, while accounting for multiple comparisons and confounds, including depression severity adolescent.Results: There were no group differences in cytokine levels. However, as hypothesised, within the psychiatric group, only anhedonia was associated with 19 cytokines, including haematopoietic growth factors, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that general inflammation may induce reward dysfunction, which plays a salient role across psychiatric conditions, rather than be specific to one categorical psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Freed
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Lushna M. Mehra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Laor
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Carmen M. Alonso
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | | | - Vilma Gabbay
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY
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357
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Wei Y, Chang M, Womer FY, Zhou Q, Yin Z, Wei S, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Yao X, Duan J, Xu K, Zuo XN, Tang Y, Wang F. Local functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 236:266-273. [PMID: 29751242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local functional connectivity (FC) indicates local or short-distance functional interactions and may serve as a neuroimaging marker to investigate the human brain connectome. Local FC alterations suggest a disrupted balance in the local functionality of the whole brain network and are increasingly implicated in schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS We aim to examine the similarities and differences in the local FC across SZ, BD, and MDD. In total, 537 participants (SZ, 126; BD, 97; MDD, 126; and healthy controls, 188) completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at a single site. The local FC at resting state was calculated and compared across SZ, BD, and MDD. RESULTS The local FC increased across SZ, BD, and MDD within the bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and additional region in the left OFC extending to putamen and decreased in the primary visual, auditory, and motor cortices, right supplemental motor area, and bilateral thalami. There was a gradient in the extent of alterations such that SZ > BD > MDD. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study cannot consider medications and other clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a disrupted balance between network integration and segregation in SZ, BD, and MDD, including over-integration via increased local FC in the OFC and diminished segregation of neural processing with the weakening of the local FC in the primary sensory cortices and thalamus. The shared local FC abnormalities across SZ, BD, and MDD may shed new light on the potential biological mechanisms underlying these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Miao Chang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Fay Y Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Zhiyang Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Jia Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100000, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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358
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Cooper JA, Arulpragasam AR, Treadway MT. Anhedonia in depression: biological mechanisms and computational models. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018; 22:128-135. [PMID: 29503842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a severe condition that describes a near-complete absence of enjoyment, motivation, and interest. A core feature of depression, clinical manifestations of anhedonia can include deficits in experiencing pleasure, approach-related motivated behavior, and learning how to match expectations to the environment. To date, the precise neurobiological mechanisms of anhedonia in major depression are still poorly understood. We have previously argued that contradictory findings and the inability to identify specific neurobiological substrates for anhedonic symptoms may result from sample heterogeneity, suboptimal methods of assessment, and the challenge of dissociating between different components of anhedonia. Recently, however, computational advances to the operationalization of psychiatric symptoms have enhanced the ability to evaluate the neurobiology of constituent elements of this symptom domain. In this paper, we review (1) advances in behavioral and computational methods of assessing reward processing and motivation and (2) the development of new self-report, neurological, and biological methods of subtyping that may be useful in future pursuits to expand our understanding of the neurobiology of anhedonia in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael T Treadway
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Psychiatry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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359
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Phillips BU, Lopez-Cruz L, Hailwood J, Heath CJ, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ. Translational approaches to evaluating motivation in laboratory rodents: conventional and touchscreen-based procedures. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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360
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Olney JJ, Warlow SM, Naffziger EE, Berridge KC. Current perspectives on incentive salience and applications to clinical disorders. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018; 22:59-69. [PMID: 29503841 PMCID: PMC5831552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Affective neuroscience research has revealed that reward contains separable components of 'liking', 'wanting', and learning. Here we focus on current 'liking' and 'wanting' findings and applications to clinical disorders. 'Liking' is the hedonic impact derived from a pleasant experience, and is amplified by opioid and related signals in discrete sites located in limbic-related brain areas. 'Wanting' refers to incentive salience, a motivation process for reward, and is mediated by larger systems involving mesocorticolimbic dopamine. Deficits in incentive salience may contribute to avolitional features of depression and related disorders, whereas deficits in hedonic impact may produce true anhedonia. Excesses in incentive salience, on the other hand, can lead to addiction, especially when narrowly focused on a particular target. Finally, a fearful form of motivational salience may even contribute to some paranoia symptoms of schizophrenia and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Olney
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shelley M Warlow
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Erin E Naffziger
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kent C Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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361
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Diehl MM, Lempert KM, Parr AC, Ballard I, Steele VR, Smith DV. Toward an integrative perspective on the neural mechanisms underlying persistent maladaptive behaviors. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:1870-1883. [PMID: 30044022 PMCID: PMC6113118 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Diehl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936
| | - Karolina M. Lempert
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ashley C. Parr
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario
| | - Ian Ballard
- Neurosciences Graduate Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vaughn R. Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David V. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
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362
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Neurobiology and pharmacology of activational and effort-related aspects of motivation: rodent studies. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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363
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Reward Learning over Weeks Versus Minutes Increases the Neural Representation of Value in the Human Brain. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7649-7666. [PMID: 30061189 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0075-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, neuroscience research has illuminated the neural mechanisms supporting learning from reward feedback. Learning paradigms are increasingly being extended to study mood and psychiatric disorders as well as addiction. However, one potentially critical characteristic that this research ignores is the effect of time on learning: human feedback learning paradigms are usually conducted in a single rapidly paced session, whereas learning experiences in ecologically relevant circumstances and in animal research are almost always separated by longer periods of time. In our experiments, we examined reward learning in short condensed sessions distributed across weeks versus learning completed in a single "massed" session in male and female participants. As expected, we found that after equal amounts of training, accuracy was matched between the spaced and massed conditions. However, in a 3-week follow-up, we found that participants exhibited significantly greater memory for the value of spaced-trained stimuli. Supporting a role for short-term memory in massed learning, we found a significant positive correlation between initial learning and working memory capacity. Neurally, we found that patterns of activity in the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex showed stronger discrimination of spaced- versus massed-trained reward values. Further, patterns in the striatum discriminated between spaced- and massed-trained stimuli overall. Our results indicate that single-session learning tasks engage partially distinct learning mechanisms from distributed training. Our studies begin to address a large gap in our knowledge of human learning from reinforcement, with potential implications for our understanding of mood disorders and addiction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humans and animals learn to associate predictive value with stimuli and actions, and these values then guide future behavior. Such reinforcement-based learning often happens over long time periods, in contrast to most studies of reward-based learning in humans. In experiments that tested the effect of spacing on learning, we found that associations learned in a single massed session were correlated with short-term memory and significantly decayed over time, whereas associations learned in short massed sessions over weeks were well maintained. Additionally, patterns of activity in the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex discriminated the values of stimuli learned over weeks but not minutes. These results highlight the importance of studying learning over time, with potential applications to drug addiction and psychiatry.
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364
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Wardle MC, Lopez-Gamundi P, LaVoy EC. Effects of an acute bout of physical exercise on reward functioning in healthy adults. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:552-559. [PMID: 30017698 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has been proposed as a treatment for several psychiatric disorders. Exercise may act in part through beneficial effects on reward functioning, as it alters neurotransmitter levels in reward-related circuits. However, there has been little investigation of the effect of exercise on reward functions in humans. We hypothesized an acute bout of exercise would increase motivation for and pleasurable responses to rewards in healthy humans. In addition, we examined possible moderators of exercise's effects, including demographics, fitness and previous exercise experience. Thirty-five participants completed exercise and sedentary control sessions in randomized, counterbalanced order on separate days. Immediately after each activity, participants completed measures of motivation for and pleasurable responses to rewards, consisting of willingness to exert effort for monetary rewards and subjective responses to emotional pictures. Exercise did not increase motivation or pleasurable responses on average. However, individuals who had been running for more years showed increases in motivation for rewards after exercise, while individuals with less years running showed decreases. Further, individuals with higher resting heart rate variability reported lower arousal in response to all emotional pictures after exercise, while individuals with low heart rate variability reported increased arousal in response to all emotional pictures after exercise. General fitness did not have similar moderating effects. In conclusion, acute exercise improved reward functioning only in individuals accustomed to that type of exercise. This suggests a possible conditioned effect of exercise on reward functioning. Previous experience with the exercise used should be examined as a possible moderator in exercise treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Wardle
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1st Floor BBSB 1941 East Rd., Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Paula Lopez-Gamundi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1st Floor BBSB 1941 East Rd., Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Emily C LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St., Rm 104 Garrison, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
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365
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Akaishi T. Unified neural structured model: A new diagnostic tool in primary care psychiatry. Med Hypotheses 2018; 118:107-113. [PMID: 30037595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overlap of multiple mental disorders in each psychiatric patient has been emphasized and the style of assessment and intervention in each patient has been gradually changed. A new practical structured model that can comprehensively explain and assess the major mental disorders integratedly has been desired. In this report, the relationships between each of the major mental disorders and each neuropsychiatric component like personality, reward system, or reinforcement learning have been comprehensively reviewed to construct a new integrated structured model for assessing the overlapped mental conditions in primary care psychiatry. This new structured model contains the following three loops: "input-output-feedback loop" (external/environmental loop), "reward-learning loop" (learning loop), and "mood-reward sensitivity loop" (mood loop), which are connected by the functions of prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. With this new concept, overlapped mental conditions in each psychiatric patient could be theoretically much simply and logically explained. In conclusion, with the proposed psychiatric structured model, we can simply explain and understand the overlapped mental disorders in each patient. Inventing and developing such basic psychiatric structured model would offer us new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to realize personalized medicine, especially in the field of primary care psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Education and Support for Community Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Japan.
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366
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Burkhouse KL, Gorka SM, Klumpp H, Kennedy AE, Karich S, Francis J, Ajilore O, Craske MG, Langenecker SA, Shankman SA, Hajcak G, Phan KL. Neural Responsiveness to Reward as an Index of Depressive Symptom Change Following Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and SSRI Treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 2018; 79:17m11836. [PMID: 29894598 PMCID: PMC6527365 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17m11836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reward positivity (RewP), a neurophysiologic index of reward responsivity, is consistently reduced in participants with depression and, to a lesser extent, anxiety. It remains unknown, however, whether RewP can be altered as psychiatric symptoms change with treatment. The current study addressed this question by examining differences in RewP within patients before and after 12 weeks of treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). We also examined the utility of RewP as a predictor of symptom change during CBT and SSRI treatment. METHODS Participants were recruited between 2014 and 2017 and included adults with a primary DSM-5 anxiety or depressive disorder (n = 63) and healthy controls (n = 25). At baseline and 12 weeks, participants completed a monetary award task while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Between EEG sessions, patients completed CBT or SSRI treatment. RESULTS At baseline, higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with a more attenuated RewP. We found no significant differences between patients and healthy controls in the degree of RewP change across the 12 weeks; however, among patients, the extent of increase in RewP robustly correlated with the extent of decline in depressive (t = -2.21, P = .03) and anxiety (t = -2.57, P = .02) symptoms following CBT and SSRI treatment. Additionally, a more attenuated RewP at baseline predicted a greater reduction in depressive symptoms following treatment with SSRIs (t = -2.04, P < .05), but not after CBT. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight neural responsiveness to reward as both a mechanism and a predictor of depressive symptom change that may be used serve as an objective index of symptom improvement. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01903447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Burkhouse
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Stephanie M. Gorka
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Heide Klumpp
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Amy E. Kennedy
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center; Mental Health Service Line, 820 S. Damen Avenue Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shannon Karich
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Jennifer Francis
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Michelle G. Craske
- University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology, Franz Hall - Box 95156 Los Angeles, CA 90094
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608,University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285) Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Florida State University; Department of Psychology, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahasssee, FL 32306
| | - K. Luan Phan
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road Chicago, IL 60608,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center; Mental Health Service Line, 820 S. Damen Avenue Chicago, IL 60612,University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285) Chicago, IL 60607,University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology & the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, 808 S. Wood Street Chicago, IL 60612
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367
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Der-Avakian A, Pizzagalli DA. Translational Assessments of Reward and Anhedonia: A Tribute to Athina Markou. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:932-939. [PMID: 29615189 PMCID: PMC5953796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Loss of pleasure (clinically referred to as anhedonia), impairments in other reward-related processes such as reward learning, motivation, and reward valuation, and blunted affect characterize several mood and other psychiatric disorders. Despite the availability of many therapeutic options for these disorders, reward-related impairments remain challenging to treat and often persist despite alleviation of other symptoms. Lack of animal models of reward-related impairments and affect that have high construct and predictive validity is a key obstacle to developing novel treatments. This review highlights 1) guidelines to consider when developing translatable animal models; and 2) recent efforts to develop new reward-related assessments in humans and nonhuman animals that have been translated or back-translated from one species to another. The procedures described in this review are used to assess aspects of reward learning, motivated behavior, reward valuation, and affect. In several cases, researchers have attempted to implement task parameters that are as identical as possible to the parallel parameters used in existing cross-species tasks, with the goal of improving the translation of preclinical drug discovery findings to the clinic. In this regard, Dr. Athina Markou, who worked tirelessly throughout her career to understand and treat reward-related impairments across several psychiatric disorders, had great influence on conceptualizing the development and use of translational animal models of reward-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Der-Avakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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368
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Cheng W, Rolls ET, Qiu J, Xie X, Lyu W, Li Y, Huang CC, Yang AC, Tsai SJ, Lyu F, Zhuang K, Lin CP, Xie P, Feng J. Functional connectivity of the human amygdala in health and in depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:557-568. [PMID: 29767786 PMCID: PMC6022538 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyse the functioning of the amygdala in depression, we performed the first voxel-level resting state functional-connectivity neuroimaging analysis of depression of voxels in the amygdala with all other voxels in the brain, with 336 patients with major depressive disorder and 350 controls. Amygdala voxels had decreased functional connectivity (FC) with the orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe areas, including the temporal pole, inferior temporal gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus. The reductions in the strengths of the FC of the amygdala voxels with the medial orbitofrontal cortex and temporal lobe voxels were correlated with increases in the Beck Depression Inventory score and in the duration of illness measures of depression. Parcellation analysis in 350 healthy controls based on voxel-level FC showed that the basal division of the amygdala has high FC with medial orbitofrontal cortex areas, and the dorsolateral amygdala has strong FC with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and related ventral parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. In depression, the basal amygdala division had especially reduced FC with the medial orbitofrontal cortex, which is involved in reward; and the dorsolateral amygdala subdivision had relatively reduced FC with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, which is involved in non-reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiongfei Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wujun Lyu
- School of Mathematics, Shanghai University Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fajin Lyu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Mathematical Sciences, School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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369
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Colich NL, Ho TC, Ellwood-Lowe ME, Foland-Ross LC, Sacchet MD, LeMoult JL, Gotlib IH. Like mother like daughter: putamen activation as a mechanism underlying intergenerational risk for depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1480-1489. [PMID: 28575505 PMCID: PMC5629825 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a depressed mother is one of the strongest predictors for developing depression in adolescence. Given the role of aberrant reward processing in the onset and maintenance of depression, we examined the association between mothers’ and their daughters’ neural response to the anticipation of reward and loss. Fifteen non-depressed mothers with a history of recurrent depression and their never-disordered daughters, and 23 mothers without past or current depression and their never-disordered daughters, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing the monetary incentive delay task. To assess mother-daughter concordance, we first identified ROIs involved in the anticipation of reward and loss across all mother-daughter pairs. Within each of these ROIs, we examined the association between mothers’ and daughters’ neural response, and the interaction between group status and mothers’ neural response in predicting daughters’ neural response. We found a significant association between mothers’ and daughters’ putamen response to the anticipation of loss, regardless of mother’s depression history. Furthermore, pubertal stage moderated the association between mother-daughter putamen concordance. Our findings suggest a unique role of the putamen in the maternal transmission of reward learning and have important implications for understanding disorders characterized by disturbances in reward learning and processing, such as major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lara C Foland-Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joelle L LeMoult
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
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370
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Dugré JR, Dumais A, Bitar N, Potvin S. Loss anticipation and outcome during the Monetary Incentive Delay Task: a neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4749. [PMID: 29761060 PMCID: PMC5949205 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reward seeking and avoidance of punishment are key motivational processes. Brain-imaging studies often use the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT) to evaluate motivational processes involved in maladaptive behavior. Although the bulk of research has been done on the MIDT reward events, little is known about the neural basis of avoidance of punishment. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain activations during anticipation and receipt of monetary losses in healthy controls. Methods All functional neuro-imaging studies using the MIDT in healthy controls were retrieved using PubMed, Google Scholar & EMBASE databases. Functional neuro-imaging data was analyzed using the Seed-based d Mapping Software. Results Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 699 healthy adults. In both anticipation and loss outcome phases, participants showed large and robust activations in the bilateral striatum, (anterior) insula, and anterior cingulate gyrus relatively to Loss > Neutral contrast. Although relatively similar activation patterns were observed during the two event types, they differed in the pattern of prefrontal activations: ventro-lateral prefrontal activations were observed during loss anticipation, while medial prefrontal activations were observed during loss receipt. Discussion Considering that previous meta-analyses highlighted activations in the medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex, the anterior insula and the ventral striatum, the current meta-analysis highlighted the potential specificity of the ventro-lateral prefrontal regions, the median cingulate cortex and the amygdala in the loss events. Future studies can rely on these latter results to examine the neural correlates of loss processing in psychiatric populations characterized by harm avoidance or insensitivity to punishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bitar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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371
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Abstract
I have been given a priceless opportunity to reflect on my career in the remarkably productive field of risk factors for depression. Psychological research on depression exploded in the early years of my work. I try to give an account of the choices and challenges, and reflect on the influences, some calculated and some serendipitous, that determined the paths I have followed. I focus mostly on the robust depression risk factors that have influenced my research, including dysfunctional cognitions, stressful life events and circumstances, parental depression, interpersonal dysfunction, and being female, and I cover some of what I did but also the influential work of others. This is a selective review of depression research in the past 40 or so years, noting some of the big developments that set the stage for the remarkable activity that continues today. In the conclusion, there is a brief statement of aspirations for future developments in our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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372
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Lebreton M, Langdon S, Slieker MJ, Nooitgedacht JS, Goudriaan AE, Denys D, van Holst RJ, Luigjes J. Two sides of the same coin: Monetary incentives concurrently improve and bias confidence judgments. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaaq0668. [PMID: 29854944 PMCID: PMC5976269 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Decisions are accompanied by a feeling of confidence, that is, a belief about the decision being correct. Confidence accuracy is critical, notably in high-stakes situations such as medical or financial decision-making. We investigated how incentive motivation influences confidence accuracy by combining a perceptual task with a confidence incentivization mechanism. By varying the magnitude and valence (gains or losses) of monetary incentives, we orthogonalized their motivational and affective components. Corroborating theories of rational decision-making and motivation, our results first reveal that the motivational value of incentives improves aspects of confidence accuracy. However, in line with a value-confidence interaction hypothesis, we further show that the affective value of incentives concurrently biases confidence reports, thus degrading confidence accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate that the motivational and affective effects of incentives differentially affect how confidence builds on perceptual evidence. Together, these findings may provide new hints about confidence miscalibration in healthy or pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Lebreton
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making, Amsterdam School of Economics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shari Langdon
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Kinderziekenhuis, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J. Slieker
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jip S. Nooitgedacht
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health Care, 1070 AV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruth J. van Holst
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judy Luigjes
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
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373
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Landes I, Bakos S, Kohls G, Bartling J, Schulte-Körne G, Greimel E. Altered neural processing of reward and punishment in adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:23-33. [PMID: 29475180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered reward and punishment function has been suggested as an important vulnerability factor for the development of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Prior ERP studies found evidence for neurophysiological dysfunctions in reinforcement processes in adults with MDD. To date, only few ERP studies have examined the neural underpinnings of reinforcement processing in adolescents diagnosed with MDD. The present event-related potential (ERP) study aimed to investigate neurophysiological mechanisms of anticipation and consumption of reward and punishment in adolescents with MDD in one comprehensive paradigm. METHOD During ERP recording, 25 adolescents with MDD and 29 healthy controls (12-17 years) completed a Monetary Incentive Delay Task comprising both a monetary reward and a monetary punishment condition. During anticipation, the cue-P3 signaling attentional allocation was recorded. During consumption, the feedback-P3 and Reward Positivity (RewP) were recorded to capture attentional allocation and outcome evaluation, respectively. RESULTS Compared to controls, adolescents with MDD showed prolonged cue-P3 latencies to reward cues. Furthermore, unlike controls, adolescents with MDD displayed shorter feedback-P3 latencies in the reward versus punishment condition. RewPs did not differ between groups. LIMITATIONS It remains unanswered whether the observed alterations in adolescent MDD represent a state or trait. CONCLUSIONS Delayed neural processing of reward cues corresponds to the clinical presentation of adolescent MDD with reduced motivational tendencies to obtain rewards. Relatively shorter feedback-P3 latencies in the reward versus punishment condition could indicate a high salience of performance-contingent reward. Frequent exposure of negatively biased adolescents with MDD to performance-contingent rewards might constitute a promising intervention approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Landes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Bakos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany.
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374
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Na KS, Won E, Kang J, Kim A, Choi S, Tae WS, Kim YK, Lee MS, Joe SH, Ham BJ. Differential effect of COMT gene methylation on the prefrontal connectivity in subjects with depression versus healthy subjects. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:59-70. [PMID: 29723539 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene mainly determines prefrontal dopaminergic availability. Deficient prefrontal dopaminergic activity leads to loss of interest, energy, and motivation, which are core symptoms of depression. Given the role of stress-environmental interactions in major depressive disorder (MDD), we investigated the impact of COMT gene methylation status on prefrontal connectivity. We measured COMT gene methylation and polymorphisms (Val158Met) at the rs4468 locus in peripheral blood samples of healthy controls (n = 90) and patients with MDD (n = 90). We used diffusion tensor imaging to calculate the fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) of the white matter tracts related to prefrontal cortex. Finally, we examined the effects of COMT gene methylation on the white matter connectivity in patients with MDD. The FA and RD values in the prefrontal white matter tracts of patients with MDD were positively and negatively associated with COMT gene methylation, respectively. In the control group, on the other hand, the association between white matter connectivity and COMT gene methylation showed opposite pattern to those of MDD. COMT gene methylation has a substantial effect on the prefrontal connectivity in patients with MDD. Moreover, COMT gene methylation and prefrontal connectivity showed opposite relationships in patients and controls. Thus, stress-related alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission have a differential effect on white matter connectivity according to the microenvironment in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Haeng Joe
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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375
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Wojtalik JA, Eack SM, Smith MJ, Keshavan MS. Using Cognitive Neuroscience to Improve Mental Health Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL WORK AND RESEARCH 2018; 9:223-260. [PMID: 30505392 PMCID: PMC6258037 DOI: 10.1086/697566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mental health interventions do not yet offer complete, client-defined functional recovery, and novel directions in treatment research are needed to improve the efficacy of available interventions. One promising direction is the integration of social work and cognitive neuroscience methods, which provides new opportunities for clinical intervention research that will guide development of more effective mental health treatments that holistically attend to the biological, social, and environmental contributors to disability and recovery. This article reviews emerging trends in cognitive neuroscience and provides examples of how these advances can be used by social workers and allied professions to improve mental health treatment. We discuss neuroplasticity, which is the dynamic and malleable nature of the brain. We also review the use of risk and resiliency biomarkers and novel treatment targets based on neuroimaging findings to prevent disability, personalize treatment, and make interventions more targeted and effective. The potential of treatment research to contribute to neuroscience discoveries regarding brain change is considered from the experimental-medicine approach adopted by the National Institute of Mental Health. Finally, we provide resources and recommendations to facilitate the integration of cognitive neuroscience into mental health research in social work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Wojtalik
- Doctoral candidate at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work
| | - Shaun M Eack
- Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry
| | - Matthew J Smith
- Associate professor at the University of Michigan School of Social Work
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376
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Whitton AE, Mehta M, Ironside ML, Murray G, Pizzagalli DA. Evidence of a diurnal rhythm in implicit reward learning. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1104-1114. [PMID: 29688082 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1459662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of hedonic behavior, including self-administration of natural and drug rewards, as well as human positive affect, follow a diurnal cycle that peaks during the species-specific active period. This variation has been linked to circadian modulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system, and is hypothesized to serve an adaptive function by driving an organism to engage with the environment during times where the opportunity for obtaining rewards is high. However, relatively little is known about whether more complex facets of hedonic behavior - in particular, reward learning - follow the same diurnal cycle. The current study aimed to address this gap by examining evidence for diurnal variation in reward learning on a well-validated probabilistic reward learning task (PRT). PRT data from a large normative sample (N = 516) of non-clinical individuals, recruited across eight studies, were examined for the current study. The PRT uses an asymmetrical reinforcement ratio to induce a behavioral response bias, and reward learning was operationalized as the strength of this response bias across blocks of the task. Results revealed significant diurnal variation in reward learning, however in contrast to patterns previously observed in other aspects of hedonic behavior, reward learning was lowest in the middle of the day. Although a diurnal pattern was also observed on a measure of more general task performance (discriminability), this did not account for the variation observed in reward learning. Taken together, these findings point to a distinct diurnal pattern in reward learning that differs from that observed in other aspects of hedonic behavior. The results of this study have important implications for our understanding of clinical disorders characterized by both circadian and reward learning disturbances, and future research is needed to confirm whether this diurnal variation has a truly circadian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malavika Mehta
- a McLean Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Belmont , MA , USA
| | | | - Greg Murray
- b Department of Psychological Sciences , Swinburne University , Hawthorn , Victoria , Australia
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377
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Lambert C, Da Silva S, Ceniti AK, Rizvi SJ, Foussias G, Kennedy SH. Anhedonia in depression and schizophrenia: A transdiagnostic challenge. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:615-623. [PMID: 29687627 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, as a dysregulation of the reward circuit, is present in both Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). AIMS To elucidate the clinical and neurobiological differences between schizophrenia (SZ) and depression (MDD) in regard to anhedonia, while reconciling the challenges and benefits of assessing anhedonia as a transdiagnostic feature under the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. METHODS In this review, we summarize data from publications examining anhedonia or its underlying reward deficits in SZ and MDD. A literature search was conducted in OVID Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE databases between 2000 and 2017. RESULTS While certain subgroups share commonalities, there are also important differences. SZ may be characterized by a disorganization, rather than a deficiency, in reward processing and cognitive function, including inappropriate energy expenditure and focus on irrelevant cues. In contrast, MDD has been characterized by deficits in anticipatory pleasure, development of reward associations, and integration of information from past experience. Understanding the roles of neurotransmitters and aberrant brain circuitry is necessary to appreciate differences in reward function in SZ and MDD. CONCLUSION Anhedonia as a clinical presentation of reward circuit dysregulation is an important and relatively undertreated symptom of both SZ and MDD. In order to improve patient outcomes and quality of life, it is important to consider how anhedonia fits into both diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Lambert
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susana Da Silva
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda K Ceniti
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sakina J Rizvi
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mental Health and Addiction Service, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mental Health and Addiction Service, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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378
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Brush CJ, Ehmann PJ, Hajcak G, Selby EA, Alderman BL. Using Multilevel Modeling to Examine Blunted Neural Responses to Reward in Major Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:1032-1039. [PMID: 29759821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a pernicious disorder characterized by deficits in reward processing. A better understanding of these deficits may help to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology and guide treatment development. METHODS This study assessed reward positivity and feedback negativity event-related potentials and their difference scores elicited in response to monetary gains and losses among 100 young adults (52 with MDD). Multilevel modeling was used to assess individual- and trial-level change in neural responses over time. RESULTS Trial-level analyses indicated that a diagnosis of MDD and depressive symptom severity significantly moderated the trajectory of reward positivity, with individuals with higher symptoms of depression demonstrating less sensitivity to rewards over time. CONCLUSIONS These results provide further support for reward dysfunction in MDD and highlight important individual differences in the trajectory of neural responses to reward. Future studies are warranted to investigate reward sensitivity over time to elucidate important individual- and trial-level differences in reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Peter J Ehmann
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Edward A Selby
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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379
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Sin EL, Liu H, Lee S, Huang C, Wai Y, Chen Y, Chan CC, Lin C, Lee TM. The relationships between brain structural changes and perceived loneliness in older adults suffering from late-life depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:606-612. [PMID: 29266531 PMCID: PMC5888125 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late-life depression is a significant health risk factor for older adults, part of which is perceived loneliness. In this voxel-based morphometry study, we examined the relationships between perceived loneliness and depression recurrence. METHODS Fifty-two older adults were recruited, and they were split into 3 groups: single episode, multiple episodes, or normal control groups, according to their clinical histories. RESULTS This result suggests the level of functioning regarding the reward system may be negatively related to the number of depressive episodes. Taken together, the findings of this study offer important insight into the neural underpinnings of the course and chronicity of late-life depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L.L. Sin
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Laboratory of NeuropsychologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Institute of Clinical NeuropsychologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Ho‐Ling Liu
- Department of Imaging PhysicsUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Shwu‐Hua Lee
- Department of PsychiatryChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
- College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Mao Huang
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyNational Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yau‐Yau Wai
- Department of Medical Imaging and InterventionChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yao‐Liang Chen
- Department of RadiologyKeelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and UniversityKeelungTaiwan
| | - Chetwyn C.H. Chan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience LaboratoryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong
| | - Chemin Lin
- College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of PsychiatryKeelung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelungTaiwan
| | - Tatia M.C. Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Laboratory of NeuropsychologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Institute of Clinical NeuropsychologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
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380
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Rizvi SJ, Lambert C, Kennedy S. Presentation and Neurobiology of Anhedonia in Mood Disorders: Commonalities and Distinctions. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018. [PMID: 29520717 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To focus on the clinical and behavioral presentation of anhedonia in mood disorders, as well as the differences and commonalities in the underlying neurocircuitry. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence suggests that depression is characterized by hypofunction of the reward system, while bipolar disorder manifests dysregulation of the behavioral activation system that increases goal-directed reward behavior. Importantly, strong evidence does not exist to suggest significant differences in anhedonia severity between depressed unipolar and bipolar patients, suggesting that there are more nuanced fluctuations in reward processing deficits in bipolar patients depending on their state. Both euthymic unipolar and bipolar patients frequently report residual reward dysfunction, which highlights the potential of reward processing deficits that give rise to the clinical symptom of anhedonia to be trait factors of mood disorders; however, the possibility that therapies are not adequately treating anhedonia could also explain the presence of residual symptoms. Reward processing represents a potential diagnostic and treatment marker for mood disorders. Further research should systematically explore the facets of reward processing in at-risk, affected, and remitted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina J Rizvi
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 193 Yonge St, 6-009, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Clare Lambert
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 193 Yonge St, 6-009, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M8, Canada
| | - Sidney Kennedy
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 193 Yonge St, 6-009, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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381
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Dubol M, Trichard C, Leroy C, Sandu AL, Rahim M, Granger B, Tzavara ET, Karila L, Martinot JL, Artiges E. Dopamine Transporter and Reward Anticipation in a Dimensional Perspective: A Multimodal Brain Imaging Study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:820-827. [PMID: 28829051 PMCID: PMC5809789 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine function and reward processing are highly interrelated and involve common brain regions afferent to the nucleus accumbens, within the mesolimbic pathway. Although dopamine function and reward system neural activity are impaired in most psychiatric disorders, it is unknown whether alterations in the dopamine system underlie variations in reward processing across a continuum encompassing health and these disorders. We explored the relationship between dopamine function and neural activity during reward anticipation in 27 participants including healthy volunteers and psychiatric patients with schizophrenia, depression, or cocaine addiction, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) multimodal imaging with a voxel-based statistical approach. Dopamine transporter (DAT) availability was assessed with PET and [11C]PE2I as a marker of presynaptic dopamine function, and reward-related neural response was assessed using fMRI with a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task. Across all the participants, DAT availability in the midbrain correlated positively with the neural response to anticipation of reward in the nucleus accumbens. Moreover, this relationship was conserved in each clinical subgroup, despite the heterogeneity of mental illnesses examined. For the first time, a direct link between DAT availability and reward anticipation was detected within the mesolimbic pathway in healthy and psychiatric participants, and suggests that dopaminergic dysfunction is a common mechanism underlying the alterations of reward processing observed in patients across diagnostic categories. The findings support the use of a dimensional approach in psychiatry, as promoted by the Research Domain Criteria project to identify neurobiological signatures of core dysfunctions underling mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dubol
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Christian Trichard
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- EPS Barthelemy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Claire Leroy
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Anca-Larisa Sandu
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mehdi Rahim
- Parietal Project Team—INRIA, CEA, Neurospin, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard Granger
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Tarnier Psychiatry Department, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eleni T Tzavara
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Tarnier Psychiatry Department, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- INSERM U1130 Research Unit, CNRS UMR 8246, UPMC UM CR18, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Karila
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- AP-HP, Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Psychiatry Department, Orsay, France
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382
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Mayer JS, Hees K, Medda J, Grimm O, Asherson P, Bellina M, Colla M, Ibáñez P, Koch E, Martinez-Nicolas A, Muntaner-Mas A, Rommel A, Rommelse N, de Ruiter S, Ebner-Priemer UW, Kieser M, Ortega FB, Thome J, Buitelaar JK, Kuntsi J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Reif A, Freitag CM. Bright light therapy versus physical exercise to prevent co-morbid depression and obesity in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:140. [PMID: 29482662 PMCID: PMC5828138 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for major depression and obesity is increased in adolescents and adults with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescent ADHD predicts adult depression and obesity. Non-pharmacological interventions to treat and prevent these co-morbidities are urgently needed. Bright light therapy (BLT) improves day-night rhythm and is an emerging therapy for major depression. Exercise intervention (EI) reduces obesity and improves depressive symptoms. To date, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) has been performed to establish feasibility and efficacy of these interventions targeting the prevention of co-morbid depression and obesity in ADHD. We hypothesize that the two manualized interventions in combination with mobile health-based monitoring and reinforcement will result in less depressive symptoms and obesity compared to treatment as usual in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. METHODS This trial is a prospective, pilot phase-IIa, parallel-group RCT with three arms (two add-on treatment groups [BLT, EI] and one treatment as usual [TAU] control group). The primary outcome variable is change in the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology total score (observer-blinded assessment) between baseline and ten weeks of intervention. This variable is analyzed with a mixed model for repeated measures approach investigating the treatment effect with respect to all three groups. A total of 330 participants with ADHD, aged 14 - < 30 years, will be screened at the four study centers. To establish effect sizes, the sample size was planned at the liberal significance level of α = 0.10 (two-sided) and the power of 1-β = 80% in order to find medium effects. Secondary outcomes measures including change in obesity, ADHD symptoms, general psychopathology, health-related quality of life, neurocognitive function, chronotype, and physical fitness are explored after the end of the intervention and at the 12-week follow-up. DISCUSSION This is the first pilot RCT on the use of BLT and EI in combination with mobile health-based monitoring and reinforcement targeting the prevention of co-morbid depression and obesity in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. If at least medium effects can be established with regard to the prevention of depressive symptoms and obesity, a larger scale confirmatory phase-III trial may be warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00011666. Registered on 9 February 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03371810. Registered on 13 December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta S Mayer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr. 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Katharina Hees
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Medda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr. 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Mariano Bellina
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael Colla
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pol Ibáñez
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Antonio Martinez-Nicolas
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia. Campus Mare Nostrum. IUIE. IMIB-Arrixaca. Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrià Muntaner-Mas
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Anna Rommel
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia de Ruiter
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Meinhard Kieser
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstr. 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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383
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Ellard KK, Zimmerman JP, Kaur N, Van Dijk KRA, Roffman JL, Nierenberg AA, Dougherty DD, Deckersbach T, Camprodon JA. Functional Connectivity Between Anterior Insula and Key Nodes of Frontoparietal Executive Control and Salience Networks Distinguish Bipolar Depression From Unipolar Depression and Healthy Control Subjects. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:473-484. [PMID: 29580768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar depression are characterized by dysregulation across the full spectrum of mood, differentiating them from patients with unipolar depression. The ability to switch neural resources among the default mode network, salience network, and executive control network (ECN) has been proposed as a key mechanism for adaptive mood regulation. The anterior insula is implicated in the modulation of functional network switching. Differential connectivity between anterior insula and functional networks may provide insights into pathophysiological differences between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders, with implications for diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 98 subjects (35 unipolar, 24 bipolar, and 39 healthy control subjects). Pearson correlations were computed between bilateral insula seed regions and a priori defined target regions from the default mode network, salience network, and ECN. After r-to-z transformation, a one-way multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to identify significant differences in connectivity between groups. Post hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted and Bonferroni corrections were applied. Receiver-operating characteristics were computed to assess diagnostic sensitivity. RESULTS Patients with bipolar depression evidenced significantly altered right anterior insula functional connectivity with the inferior parietal lobule of the ECN relative to patients with unipolar depression and control subjects. Right anterior insula-inferior parietal lobule connectivity significantly discriminated patients with bipolar depression. CONCLUSIONS Impaired functional connectivity between the anterior insula and the inferior parietal lobule of the ECN distinguishes patients with bipolar depression from those with unipolar depression and healthy control subjects. This finding highlights a pathophysiological mechanism with potential as a therapeutic target and a clinical biomarker for bipolar disorder, exhibiting reasonable sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen K Ellard
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Boston.
| | - Jared P Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Koene R A Van Dijk
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Boston
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Thilo Deckersbach
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Boston
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
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384
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Diamantopoulou A, Kalpachidou T, Aspiotis G, Gampierakis I, Stylianopoulou F, Stamatakis A. An early experience of mild adversity involving temporary denial of maternal contact affects the serotonergic system of adult male rats and leads to a depressive-like phenotype and inability to adapt to a chronic social stress. Physiol Behav 2018; 184:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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385
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Bolton JL, Molet J, Regev L, Chen Y, Rismanchi N, Haddad E, Yang DZ, Obenaus A, Baram TZ. Anhedonia Following Early-Life Adversity Involves Aberrant Interaction of Reward and Anxiety Circuits and Is Reversed by Partial Silencing of Amygdala Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:137-147. [PMID: 29033027 PMCID: PMC5723546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, the diminished ability to experience pleasure, is an important dimensional entity linked to depression, schizophrenia, and other emotional disorders, but its origins and mechanisms are poorly understood. We have previously identified anhedonia, manifest as decreased sucrose preference and social play, in adolescent male rats that experienced chronic early-life adversity/stress (CES). Here we probed the molecular, cellular, and circuit processes underlying CES-induced anhedonia and tested them mechanistically. METHODS We examined functional brain circuits and neuronal populations activated by social play in adolescent CES and control rats. Structural connectivity between stress- and reward-related networks was probed using high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging, and cellular/regional activation was probed using c-Fos. We employed viral-genetic approaches to reduce corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala in anhedonic rats, and tested for anhedonia reversal in the same animals. RESULTS Sucrose preference was reduced in adolescent CES rats. Social play, generally considered an independent measure of pleasure, activated brain regions involved in reward circuitry in both control and CES groups. In CES rats, social play activated Crh-expressing neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala, typically involved in anxiety/fear, indicating aberrant functional connectivity of pleasure/reward and fear circuits. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography revealed increased structural connectivity of the amygdala to the medial prefrontal cortex in CES rats. Crh-short hairpin RNA, but not control short hairpin RNA, given into the central nucleus of the amygdala reversed CES-induced anhedonia without influencing other emotional measures. CONCLUSIONS These findings robustly demonstrate aberrant interactions of stress and reward networks after early-life adversity and suggest mechanistic roles for Crh-expressing amygdala neurons in emotional deficits portending major neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Bolton
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California- Irvine,Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine
| | - Jenny Molet
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California- Irvine,Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine
| | - Limor Regev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine
| | - Yuncai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine
| | - Neggy Rismanchi
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California- Irvine
| | | | - Derek Z. Yang
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California- Irvine
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine
| | - Tallie Z. Baram
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California- Irvine,Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine,Corresponding Author: Tallie Z. Baram, MD, PhD, Pediatrics and Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Medical Sciences I, ZOT: 4475, Irvine, CA 92697-4475, USA, Tel: 949.824.6478; Fax: 949.824.1106;
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386
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Kristensen M, Nierenberg AA, Østergaard SD. Face and predictive validity of the ClockΔ19 mouse as an animal model for bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:70-80. [PMID: 29112195 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mice carrying the circadian locomotor output cycles Kaput delta 19 N-ethyl-N-nitrosoure (ENU) mutation (ClockΔ19) are used as an animal model for bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to systematically review the face validity (phenotypical and pathophysiological resemblance with BD) and predictive validity (responsiveness to treatments used in BD) of this model in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. We carried out a systematic search of the databases PubMed and Embase, combining search terms covering BD and ClockΔ19. The 22 studies included in the review (from a total of 1281 identified records) show that the behavioral phenotype of the ClockΔ19 mouse is characterized by hyperactivity, decreased anxiety-like behavior, decreased depression-like behavior and increased preference for rewarding stimuli. This is highly consistent with mania in humans. Moreover, the ClockΔ19 mouse exhibits rapid mood cycling (a manic-like phenotype during the day followed by euthymia at night), which is consistent with BD. Chronic administration of lithium, a drug with well established mood-stabilizing effect in humans with BD, reverses the majority of the bipolar-like traits and most of the neurobiological abnormalities observed in the ClockΔ19 mouse. In conclusion, the ClockΔ19 mouse has substantial face validity as an animal model for BD. The predictive validity of the ClockΔ19 mouse has primarily been investigated via studies using lithium challenge. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine how the ClockΔ19 mouse responds to other mood-stabilizing treatments of BD such as valproate, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, antipsychotics, electroconvulsive therapy and various light interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kristensen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A A Nierenberg
- Bipolar Clinic and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S D Østergaard
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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387
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Schafer M, Kim JW, Joseph J, Xu J, Frangou S, Doucet GE. Imaging Habenula Volume in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:456. [PMID: 30319463 PMCID: PMC6165901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The habenula (Hb), a bilateral nucleus located next to the dorsomedial thalamus, is of particular relevance to psychiatric disorders based on preclinical evidence linking the Hb to depressive and amotivational states. However, studies in clinical samples are scant because segmentation of the Hb in neuroimaging data is challenging due to its small size and low contrast from the surrounding tissues. Negative affective states dominate the clinical course of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and represent a major cause of disability. Diagnosis-related alterations in the volume of Hb in these disorders have therefore been hypothesized but remain largely untested. To probe this question, we used a recently developed objective and reliable semi-automated Hb segmentation method based on myelin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We ascertained case-control differences in Hb volume from high resolution structural MRI data obtained from patients with schizophrenia (n = 95), bipolar disorder (n = 44) and demographically matched healthy individuals (n = 52). Following strict quality control of the MRI data, the final sample comprised 68 patients with schizophrenia, 32 with bipolar disorder and 40 healthy individuals. Regardless of diagnosis, age, sex, and IQ were not correlated with Hb volume. This was also the case for age of illness onset and medication (i.e., antipsychotic dose and lithium-treatment status). Case-control differences in Hb volume did not reach statistical significance; their effect size (Cohen's d) was negligible on the left (schizophrenia: 0.14; bipolar disorder: -0.03) and small on the right (schizophrenia: 0.34; bipolar disorder: 0.26). Nevertheless, variability in the volume of the right Hb was associated with suicidality in the entire patient sample (ρ = 0.29, p = 0.004) as well as in each patient group (bipolar disorder: ρ = 0.34, p = 0.04; schizophrenia: ρ = 0.25, p = 0.04). These findings warrant replication in larger samples and longitudinal designs and encourage more comprehensive characterization of Hb connectivity and function in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Schafer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joo-Won Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshmi Joseph
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Junqian Xu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gaelle E Doucet
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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388
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Boekhoudt L, Wijbrans EC, Man JHK, Luijendijk MCM, de Jong JW, van der Plasse G, Vanderschuren LJMJ, Adan RAH. Enhancing excitability of dopamine neurons promotes motivational behaviour through increased action initiation. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:171-184. [PMID: 29153928 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Motivational deficits are a key symptom in multiple psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and addiction. A likely neural substrate for these motivational deficits is the brain dopamine (DA) system. In particular, DA signalling in the nucleus accumbens, which originates from DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), has been identified as a crucial substrate for effort-related and activational aspects of motivation. Unravelling how VTA DA neuronal activity relates to motivational behaviours is required to understand how motivational deficits in psychiatry can be specifically targeted. In this study, we therefore used designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) in TH:Cre rats, in order to determine the effects of chemogenetic DA neuron activation on different aspects of motivational behaviour. We found that chemogenetic activation of DA neurons in the VTA, but not substantia nigra, significantly increased responding for sucrose under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. More specifically, high effort exertion was characterized by increased initiations of reward-seeking actions. This effect was dependent on effort requirements and instrumental contingencies, but was not affected by sucrose pre-feeding. Together, these findings indicate that VTA DA neuronal activation drives motivational behaviour by facilitating action initiation. With this study, we show that enhancing excitability of VTA DA neurons is a viable strategy to improve motivational behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Boekhoudt
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3585 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen C Wijbrans
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3585 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jodie H K Man
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3585 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieneke C M Luijendijk
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3585 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W de Jong
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3585 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey van der Plasse
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3585 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger A H Adan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3585 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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389
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Kirschner M, Hager OM, Muff L, Bischof M, Hartmann-Riemer MN, Kluge A, Habermeyer B, Seifritz E, Tobler PN, Kaiser S. Ventral Striatal Dysfunction and Symptom Expression in Individuals With Schizotypal Personality Traits and Early Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:147-157. [PMID: 27798223 PMCID: PMC5767950 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Striatal abnormalities play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Growing evidence suggests an association between aberrant striatal activity during reward anticipation and symptom dimensions in schizophrenia. However, it is not clear whether this holds across the psychosis continuum. The aim of the present study was to investigate alterations of ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation and its relationship to symptom expression in persons with schizotypal personality traits (SPT) and first-episode psychosis. Twenty-six individuals with high SPT, 26 patients with non-affective first-episode psychosis (including 13 with brief psychotic disorder (FEP-BPD) and 13 with first-episode schizophrenia [FEP-SZ]) and 25 healthy controls underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay task. Ventral striatal activation was positively correlated with total symptom severity, in particular with levels of positive symptoms. This association was observed across the psychosis continuum and within each subgroup. Patients with FEP-SZ showed the strongest elevation of striatal activation during reward anticipation, although symptom levels did not differ between groups in the psychosis continuum. While our results provide evidence that variance in striatal activation is mainly explained by dimensional symptom expression, patients with schizophrenia show an additional dysregulation of striatal activation. Trans-diagnostic approaches are promising in order to disentangle dimensional and categorical neural mechanisms in the psychosis continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kirschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; tel: +41-44-384-36-14, fax: +41-44-383-44-56, e-mail:
| | - Oliver M Hager
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Muff
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias N Hartmann-Riemer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agne Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Habermeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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390
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Abstract
Motivation is associated with electrophysiological markers, such as awake state delta oscillation and frontal alpha asymmetry, as well as event-related potentials, such as error-related negativity, feedback-related negativity, and prepulse inhibition. These indicators provide an objective measure of motivational deficits in psychiatric conditions, and response to treatment. Also, these modalities of brain activities are drawing attention as a target of neurofeedback training. The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview on electrophysiological findings relevant to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying impaired motivation in psychiatric disorders and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sueyoshi
- 1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- 1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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391
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Slaney C, Hinchcliffe JK, Robinson ESJ. Translational Shifts in Preclinical Models of Depression: Implications for Biomarkers for Improved Treatments. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2018; 40:169-193. [PMID: 29696602 PMCID: PMC7614182 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains one of the major challenges in neuroscience. The disease is heterogeneous in nature, and patients present with a varied symptom profile. Studies seeking to identify biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and treatment have not yet found any one candidate which achieves sufficient sensitivity and specificity. In this article, we consider whether neuropsychological impairments, specifically affective biases, could provide a behavioural biomarker. Affective biases are observed when emotional states influence cognitive function. These biases have been shown to influence a number of different cognitive domains with some specific deficits observed in MDD. It has also been possible to use these neuropsychological tests to inform the development of translational tasks for non-human species. The results from studies in rodents suggest that quantification of affective biases is feasible and may provide a reliable method to predict antidepressant efficacy as well as pro-depressant risk. Animal studies suggest that affective state-induced biases in learning and memory operate over a different time course to biases influencing decision-making. The implications for these differences in terms of task validity and future ideas relating to affective biases and MDD are discussed. We also describe our most recent studies which have shown that depression-like phenotypes share a common deficit in reward-related learning and memory which we refer to as a reward-induced positive bias. This deficit is dissociable from more typical measures of hedonic behaviour and motivation for reward and may represent an important and distinct form of reward deficit linked to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Slaney
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Justyna K Hinchcliffe
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma S J Robinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, UK.
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392
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Martínez-Rivera A, Hao J, Tropea TF, Giordano TP, Kosovsky M, Rice RC, Lee A, Huganir RL, Striessnig J, Addy NA, Han S, Rajadhyaksha AM. Enhancing VTA Ca v1.3 L-type Ca 2+ channel activity promotes cocaine and mood-related behaviors via overlapping AMPA receptor mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1735-1745. [PMID: 28194001 PMCID: PMC5555837 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors significantly influence susceptibility for substance abuse and mood disorders. Rodent studies have begun to elucidate a role of Cav1.3 L-type Ca2+ channels in neuropsychiatric-related behaviors, such as addictive and depressive-like behaviors. Human studies have also linked the CACNA1D gene, which codes for the Cav1.3 protein, with bipolar disorder. However, the neurocircuitry and the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Cav1.3 in neuropsychiatric phenotypes are not well established. In the present study, we directly manipulated Cav1.3 channels in Cav1.2 dihydropyridine insensitive mutant mice and found that ventral tegmental area (VTA) Cav1.3 channels mediate cocaine-related and depressive-like behavior through a common nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell calcium-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (CP-AMPAR) mechanism that requires GluA1 phosphorylation at S831. Selective activation of VTA Cav1.3 with (±)-BayK-8644 (BayK) enhanced cocaine conditioned place preference and cocaine psychomotor activity while inducing depressive-like behavior, an effect not observed in S831A phospho-mutant mice. Infusion of the CP-AMPAR-specific blocker Naspm into the NAc shell reversed the cocaine and depressive-like phenotypes. In addition, activation of VTA Cav1.3 channels resulted in social behavioral deficits. In contrast to the cocaine- and depression-related phenotypes, GluA1/A2 AMPARs in the NAc core mediated social deficits, independent of S831-GluA1 phosphorylation. Using a candidate gene analysis approach, we also identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CACNA1D gene associated with cocaine dependence in human subjects. Together, our findings reveal novel, overlapping mechanisms through which VTA Cav1.3 mediates cocaine-related, depressive-like and social phenotypes, suggesting that Cav1.3 may serve as a target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene Martínez-Rivera
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Hao
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas F. Tropea
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P. Giordano
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Kosovsky
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard C. Rice
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard L. Huganir
- Department of Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joerg Striessnig
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nii A. Addy
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale Graduate School of Arts and Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shizhong Han
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anjali M. Rajadhyaksha
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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393
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Zsido RG, Villringer A, Sacher J. Using positron emission tomography to investigate hormone-mediated neurochemical changes across the female lifespan: implications for depression. Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:580-596. [PMID: 29199875 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1397607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian hormones, particularly oestrogen and progesterone, undergo major fluctuations across the female lifespan. These hormone transition periods, such as the transition from pregnancy to postpartum, as well as the transition into menopause (perimenopause), are also known to be times of elevated susceptibility to depression. This study reviews how these transition periods likely influence neurochemical changes in the brain that result in disease vulnerability. While there are known associations between oestrogen/progesterone and different monoaminergic systems, the interactions and their potential implications for mood disorders are relatively unknown. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) allows for the in-vivo quantification of such neurochemical changes, and, thus, can provide valuable insight into how both subtle and dramatic shifts in hormones contribute to the elevated rates of depression during pre-menstrual, post-partum, and perimenopausal periods in a woman's life. As one better understands how to address the challenges of PET studies involving highly vulnerable populations, such as women who have recently given birth, one will gain the insight necessary to design and individualize treatment and therapy. Understanding the precise time-line in younger women when dramatic fluctuations in the hormonal milieu may contribute to brain changes may present a powerful opportunity to intervene before a vulnerable state develops into a diseased state in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Zsido
- a Emotion NeuroimaGinG(EGG)-Lab , Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences , Leipzig , Germany.,b Department of Neurology , Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- b Department of Neurology , Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences , Leipzig , Germany.,c Clinic for Cognitive Neurology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Julia Sacher
- a Emotion NeuroimaGinG(EGG)-Lab , Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences , Leipzig , Germany.,b Department of Neurology , Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences , Leipzig , Germany.,c Clinic for Cognitive Neurology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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394
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Lee J, Choi S, Kang J, Won E, Tae WS, Lee MS, Ham BJ. Structural characteristics of the brain reward circuit regions in patients with bipolar I disorder: A voxel-based morphometric study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 269:82-89. [PMID: 28963911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar I disorder (BD-I) is often misdiagnosed, leading to inadequate treatment and significant disability along with reduced quality of life. Recent neural models suggest that the reward circuitry is affected in bipolar disorder. The purpose of the present study was to identify structural abnormalities in the brain reward-processing neural circuitry among patients with BD-I. 21 patients with BD-I and 21 healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Region-of-interest (ROI) voxel-based morphometry analysis was applied to assess the presence of structural changes between the BD-I patient group and the control group. The results of the reward circuitry ROI analysis revealed lower gray matter volumes in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) in patients with BD-I compared to HC. Our results suggest that abnormalities in the brain reward-processing neural circuitry, especially those in the left VMPFC, left DMPFC, and left VLPFC, may play an important role in the pathophysiology of BD-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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395
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Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in Mood Disorders: Insights into the Role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1504507. [PMID: 29230328 PMCID: PMC5694588 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1504507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are a common symptom among individuals with mood disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in the ventral part of the anterior hypothalamus, orchestrates physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms. The SCN consists of self-sustaining oscillators and receives photic and nonphotic cues, which entrain the SCN to the external environment. In turn, through synaptic and hormonal mechanisms, the SCN can drive and synchronize circadian rhythms in extra-SCN brain regions and peripheral tissues. Thus, genetic or environmental perturbations of SCN rhythms could disrupt brain regions more closely related to mood regulation and cause mood disturbances. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies that provide evidence both for and against a causal role for the SCN in mood disorders.
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396
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Reward Dysfunction in the Manic Spectrum: Unable to Win? The Use of Biographical Information to Refine Neurobiological Modeling. J Psychiatr Pract 2017; 23:446-453. [PMID: 29303955 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The manic spectrum is thought to be characterized by a hypersensitive biobehavioral reward system, the behavioral activation system. Evidence for this framework comes from questionnaire-based, self-report data collected in cross-sectional and prospective studies of mania, mania in remission, and proneness to hypomania, and from functional neuroimaging investigations of brain reward circuit activity during incentivized choice protocols. Although heightened reward anticipation is consistently documented, the status of later goal attainment activity, hedonic responses, and satiety reactions is less clear. This report examines the status of such reward receipt processes as they operate in the manic spectrum. METHODS A case report of a typical subject with bipolar II disorder with a hyperthymic temperament is presented using longitudinal, biographical data. RESULTS Diminished reward receipt, pleasure, and satiety were demonstrated indicating impaired hedonic processing in hyperthymic temperament. This impairment indicates a dissociation between early, intensified reward pursuit processes and later, blunted, reward attainment activity. CONCLUSIONS The experience and neural correlates of hedonic processing may be impaired in the manic spectrum. Possible mechanisms for this impairment and its dissociation from the earlier stage of reward processing characterized by hyperactive reward pursuit are considered. Clinical reports and longitudinal, life-based follow-up can provide important data to supplement more experimentally based neurobiological models of reward dysfunction in bipolar disorders.
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397
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Reward Dysfunction in the Manic Spectrum: Unable to Win? The Use of Biographical Information to Refine Neurobiological Modeling. J Psychiatr Pract 2017; 23:446-453. [PMID: 29303954 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The manic spectrum is thought to be characterized by a hypersensitive biobehavioral reward system, the behavioral activation system. Evidence for this framework comes from questionnaire-based, self-report data collected in cross-sectional and prospective studies of mania, mania in remission, and proneness to hypomania, and from functional neuroimaging investigations of brain reward circuit activity during incentivized choice protocols. Although heightened reward anticipation is consistently documented, the status of later goal attainment activity, hedonic responses, and satiety reactions is less clear. This report examines the status of such reward receipt processes as they operate in the manic spectrum. METHODS A case report of a typical subject with bipolar II disorder with a hyperthymic temperament is presented using longitudinal, biographical data. RESULTS Diminished reward receipt, pleasure, and satiety were demonstrated indicating impaired hedonic processing in hyperthymic temperament. This impairment indicates a dissociation between early, intensified reward pursuit processes and later, blunted, reward attainment activity. CONCLUSIONS The experience and neural correlates of hedonic processing may be impaired in the manic spectrum. Possible mechanisms for this impairment and its dissociation from the earlier stage of reward processing characterized by hyperactive reward pursuit are considered. Clinical reports and longitudinal, life-based follow-up can provide important data to supplement more experimentally based neurobiological models of reward dysfunction in bipolar disorders.
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398
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Zhang B, Lin P, Shi H, Öngür D, Auerbach RP, Wang X, Yao S, Wang X. Mapping anhedonia-specific dysfunction in a transdiagnostic approach: an ALE meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:920-39. [PMID: 26487590 PMCID: PMC4838562 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a prominent symptom in neuropsychiatric disorders, most markedly in major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Emerging evidence indicates an overlap in the neural substrates of anhedonia between MDD and SZ, which supported a transdiagnostic approach. Therefore, we used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in MDD and SZ to examine the neural bases of three subdomains of anhedonia: consummatory anhedonia, anticipatory anhedonia and emotional processing. ALE analysis focused specifically on MDD or SZ was used later to dissociate specific anhedonia-related neurobiological impairments from potential disease general impairments. ALE results revealed that consummatory anhedonia was associated with decreased activation in ventral basal ganglia areas, while anticipatory anhedonia was associated with more substrates in frontal-striatal networks except the ventral striatum, which included the dorsal anterior cingulate, middle frontal gyrus and medial frontal gyrus. MDD and SZ patients showed similar neurobiological impairments in anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, but differences in the emotional experience task, which may also involve affective/mood general processing. These results support that anhedonia is characterized by alterations in reward processing and relies on frontal-striatal brain circuitry. The transdiagnostic approach is a promising way to reveal the overall neurobiological framework that contributes to anhedonia and could help to improve targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huqing Shi
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Dost Öngür
- Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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Takamura M, Okamoto Y, Okada G, Toki S, Yamamoto T, Ichikawa N, Mori A, Minagawa H, Takaishi Y, Fujii Y, Kaichi Y, Akiyama Y, Awai K, Yamawaki S. Patients with major depressive disorder exhibit reduced reward size coding in the striatum. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:317-323. [PMID: 28705766 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). While recent evidence suggests that reduced motivation for reward may be a core feature of anhedonia, the abnormalities in modulatory neural responses to variable reward amounts in MDD patients remain unclear. We investigated whether MDD patients' ability to represent variable-sized monetary rewards in the striatum is disrupted. METHODS Twelve MDD patients and 12 healthy volunteers completed an assessment of psychometric status and participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task that involved the anticipation of financial reward (monetary incentive delay task). The size of the monetary reward was varied among trial conditions and was cued with geometric stimuli. Patients participated in additional fMRI sessions after a 6-week pharmacological treatment with escitalopram, an SSRI. RESULTS In healthy volunteers, striatal activity increased in proportion to the size of the monetary reward during reward anticipation. This pattern was altered in MDD patients, and significant group-by-reward size interaction effects were observed in the bilateral putamen and the left ventral striatum. Reward sensitivity in motor response and striatum activity at three regions were correlated in healthy controls. In MDD patients, this neurobehavioral coupling was not observed. In addition, changes in the neural reward sensitivity parameter at the left ventral striatum in response to treatment were positively correlated with a reduction of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MDD exhibit reduced ability to modulate neural response when adjusting for variable amount of reward. This result suggests that reward size coding in the striatum may represent a neural correlate of motivational anhedonia in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Takamura
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Go Okada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toki
- Daijikai Mihara Hospital, 6-31-1, Nakano-cho, Mihara, Hiroshima 723-0003, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-1, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Naho Ichikawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Asako Mori
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideaki Minagawa
- Hiroshima City Mental Health and Welfare Center, 11-27 Fujimi-cho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takaishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yoshida General Hospital, Yoshida-cho Yoshida, Akitakata, Hiroshima 731-0595, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fujii
- Fujii Psychosomatic Clinic, 10-18, Teppo-cho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 730-0017, Japan
| | - Yoko Kaichi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Akiyama
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuo Awai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Watt MJ, Weber MA, Davies SR, Forster GL. Impact of juvenile chronic stress on adult cortico-accumbal function: Implications for cognition and addiction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79. [PMID: 28642080 PMCID: PMC5610933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to stress during childhood is associated with increased risk for neuropsychiatric illness, substance use disorders and other behavioral problems in adulthood. However, it is not clear how chronic childhood stress can lead to emergence of such a wide range of symptoms and disorders in later life. One possible explanation lies in stress-induced disruption to the development of specific brain regions associated with executive function and reward processing, deficits in which are common to the disorders promoted by childhood stress. Evidence of aberrations in prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens function following repeated exposure of juvenile (pre- and adolescent) organisms to a variety of different stressors would account not only for the similarity in symptoms across the wide range of childhood stress-associated mental illnesses, but also their persistence into adulthood in the absence of further stress. Therefore, the goal of this review is to evaluate the current knowledge regarding disruption to executive function and reward processing in adult animals or humans exposed to chronic stress over the juvenile period, and the underlying neurobiology, with particular emphasis on the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. First, the role of these brain regions in mediating executive function and reward processing is highlighted. Second, the neurobehavioral development of these systems is discussed to illustrate how juvenile stress may exert long-lasting effects on prefrontal cortex-accumbal activity and related behavioral functions. Finally, a critical review of current animal and human findings is presented, which strongly supports the supposition that exposure to chronic stress (particularly social aggression and isolation in animal studies) in the juvenile period produces impairments in executive function in adulthood, especially in working memory and inhibitory control. Chronic juvenile stress also results in aberrations to reward processing and seeking, with increased sensitivity to drugs of abuse particularly noted in animal models, which is in line with greater incidence of substance use disorders seen in clinical studies. These consequences are potentially mediated by monoamine and glutamatergic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, providing translatable therapeutic targets. However, the predominant use of male subjects and social-based stressors in preclinical studies points to a clear need for determining how both sex differences and stressor heterogeneity may differentially contribute to stress-induced changes to substrates mediating executive function and reward processing, before the impact of chronic juvenile stress in promoting adult psychopathology can be fully understood.
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