351
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Transport of Free Fatty Acids from Plasma to the Endothelium of Cardiac Muscle: A Theoretical Study. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:783-93. [PMID: 25837993 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids are transported in a multistep process from the plasma to the mitochondria, where they are oxidized in order to meet energy requirements of the myocardium. Some of those steps, mainly the crossing of the involved cells' membranes are far from being understood. Here, by means of mathematical modeling we address the problem of the fatty acid transport from the microvascular compartment to the endothelium. Values of parameters that are incorporated in the model are deduced from relevant experimental work. Concentration profiles are established as solutions of diffusion-reaction equations both numerically and using an analytical asymptotic approximation. The analytical solution accurately determines the fatty acid flux for any set of parameter values in contrast to off-the-shelf numerical solvers that fail under quite a few circumstances due to the stiffness of the differential equation system. Sensitivity analysis indicates that in spite of few uncertain parameter values, most of our conclusions are expected to be valid throughout the physiological range of operation. We find that in order to have an adequate fatty acid uptake rate it is essential for the luminal endothelial membrane to have very fast fatty acid transporters and/or specific sites that interact with the albumin-fatty acids complex.
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352
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Nagaoka K, Hino S, Sakamoto A, Anan K, Takase R, Umehara T, Yokoyama S, Sasaki Y, Nakao M. Lysine-specific demethylase 2 suppresses lipid influx and metabolism in hepatic cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1068-80. [PMID: 25624347 PMCID: PMC4355535 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01404-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells link environmental fluctuations, such as nutrition, to metabolic remodeling. Epigenetic factors are thought to be involved in such cellular processes, but the molecular basis remains unclear. Here we report that the lysine-specific demethylase 2 (LSD2) suppresses the flux and metabolism of lipids to maintain the energy balance in hepatic cells. Using transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses, we revealed that LSD2 represses the genes involved in lipid influx and metabolism through demethylation of histone H3K4. Selective recruitment of LSD2 at lipid metabolism gene loci was mediated in part by a stress-responsive transcription factor, c-Jun. Intriguingly, LSD2 depletion increased the intracellular levels of many lipid metabolites, which was accompanied by an increased susceptibility to toxic cell damage in response to fatty acid exposure. Our data demonstrate that LSD2 maintains metabolic plasticity under fluctuating environment in hepatocytes by mediating the cross talk between the epigenome and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nagaoka
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akihisa Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Anan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuta Takase
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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353
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Pickens CA, Sordillo LM, Comstock SS, Harris WS, Hortos K, Kovan B, Fenton JI. Plasma phospholipids, non-esterified plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxylipids are associated with BMI. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 95:31-40. [PMID: 25559239 PMCID: PMC4361296 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The obese lipid profile is associated with increased free fatty acids and triacylglycerides. Currently, little is known about the plasma lipid species associated with obesity. In this study, we compared plasma lipid fatty acid (FA) profiles as a function of BMI. Profiling phospholipid (PL) FAs and their respective oxylipids could predict which obese individuals are more likely to suffer from diseases associated with chronic inflammation or oxidative stress. We investigated the relationship between BMI and plasma PL (PPL) FA composition in 126 men using a quantitative gas chromatography analysis. BMI was inversely associated with both PPL nervonic and linoleic acid (LA) but was positively associated with both dihomo-γ-linolenic and palmitoleic acid. Compared to lean individuals, obese participants were more likely to have ω-6 FAs, except arachidonic acid and LA, incorporated into PPLs. Obese participants were less likely to have EPA and DHA incorporated into PPLs compared to lean participants. Non-esterified plasma PUFA and oxylipid analysis showed ω-6 oxylipids were more abundant in the obese plasma pool. These ω-6 oxylipids are associated with increased angiogenesis (i.e. epoxyeicosatrienoates), reactive oxygen species (i.e. 9-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate), and inflammation resolution (i.e. Lipoxin A4). In summary, BMI is directly associated with specific PPL FA and increased ω-6 oxylipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - William S Harris
- Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Kari Hortos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bruce Kovan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Tri-County Gastroenterology Professional Corporation, Clinton Tri-County Gastroenterology Professional Corporation, MI, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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354
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Abdurrachim D, Luiken JJFP, Nicolay K, Glatz JFC, Prompers JJ, Nabben M. Good and bad consequences of altered fatty acid metabolism in heart failure: evidence from mouse models. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:194-205. [PMID: 25765936 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The shift in substrate preference away from fatty acid oxidation (FAO) towards increased glucose utilization in heart failure has long been interpreted as an oxygen-sparing mechanism. Inhibition of FAO has therefore evolved as an accepted approach to treat heart failure. However, recent data indicate that increased reliance on glucose might be detrimental rather than beneficial for the failing heart. This review discusses new insights into metabolic adaptations in heart failure. A particular focus lies on data obtained from mouse models with modulations of cardiac FA metabolism at different levels of the FA metabolic pathway and how these differently affect cardiac function. Based on studies in which these mouse models were exposed to ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart failure, we discuss whether and when modulations in FA metabolism are protective against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Abdurrachim
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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355
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The anti-TNF-α antibody infliximab inhibits the expression of fat-transporter-protein FAT/CD36 in a selective hepatic-radiation mouse model. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4682-97. [PMID: 25739082 PMCID: PMC4394442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported a radiation-induced inflammation triggering fat-accumulation through fatty-acid-translocase/cluster of differentiation protein 36 (FAT/CD36) in rat liver. Furthermore, inhibition of radiation-induced FAT/CD36-expression by anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) (infliximab) was shown in vitro. The current study investigates fat-accumulation in a mouse-model of single-dose liver-irradiation (25-Gray) and the effect of anti-TNF-α-therapy on FAT/CD36 gene-expression. Mice livers were selectively irradiated in vivo in presence or absence of infliximab. Serum- and hepatic-triglycerides, mRNA, and protein were analyzed by colorimetric assays, RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence and Western-Blot, respectively. Sudan-staining was used demonstrating fat-accumulation in tissue. In mice livers, early (1–3 h) induction of TNF-α-expression, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was observed. It was followed by elevated hepatic-triglyceride level (6–12 h), compared to sham-irradiated controls. In contrast, serum-triglyceride level was decreased at these time points. Similar to triglyceride level in mice livers, Sudan staining of liver cryosections showed a quick (6–12 h) increase of fat-droplets after irradiation. Furthermore, expression of fat-transporter-protein FAT/CD36 was increased at protein level caused by radiation or TNF-α. TNF-α-blockage by anti-TNF-α showed an early inhibition of radiation-induced FAT/CD36 expression in mice livers. Immunohistochemistry showed basolateral and cytoplasmic expression of FAT/CD36 in hepatocytes. Moreover, co-localization of FAT/CD36 was detected with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA+) cells and F4/80+ macrophages. In summary, hepatic-radiation triggers fat-accumulation in mice livers, involving acute-phase-processes. Accordingly, anti-TNF-α-therapy prevented early radiation-induced expression of FAT/CD36 in vivo.
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356
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Wagenmakers AJM, Strauss JA, Shepherd SO, Keske MA, Cocks M. Increased muscle blood supply and transendothelial nutrient and insulin transport induced by food intake and exercise: effect of obesity and ageing. J Physiol 2015; 594:2207-22. [PMID: 25627798 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review concludes that a sedentary lifestyle, obesity and ageing impair the vasodilator response of the muscle microvasculature to insulin, exercise and VEGF-A and reduce microvascular density. Both impairments contribute to the development of insulin resistance, obesity and chronic age-related diseases. A physically active lifestyle keeps both the vasodilator response and microvascular density high. Intravital microscopy has shown that microvascular units (MVUs) are the smallest functional elements to adjust blood flow in response to physiological signals and metabolic demands on muscle fibres. The luminal diameter of a common terminal arteriole (TA) controls blood flow through up to 20 capillaries belonging to a single MVU. Increases in plasma insulin and exercise/muscle contraction lead to recruitment of additional MVUs. Insulin also increases arteriolar vasomotion. Both mechanisms increase the endothelial surface area and therefore transendothelial transport of glucose, fatty acids (FAs) and insulin by specific transporters, present in high concentrations in the capillary endothelium. Future studies should quantify transporter concentration differences between healthy and at risk populations as they may limit nutrient supply and oxidation in muscle and impair glucose and lipid homeostasis. An important recent discovery is that VEGF-B produced by skeletal muscle controls the expression of FA transporter proteins in the capillary endothelium and thus links endothelial FA uptake to the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, potentially preventing lipotoxic FA accumulation, the dominant cause of insulin resistance in muscle fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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357
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Samovski D, Sun J, Pietka T, Gross RW, Eckel RH, Su X, Stahl PD, Abumrad NA. Regulation of AMPK activation by CD36 links fatty acid uptake to β-oxidation. Diabetes 2015; 64:353-9. [PMID: 25157091 PMCID: PMC4303974 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increases in muscle energy needs activate AMPK and induce sarcolemmal recruitment of the fatty acid (FA) translocase CD36. The resulting rises in FA uptake and FA oxidation are tightly correlated, suggesting coordinated regulation. We explored the possibility that membrane CD36 signaling might influence AMPK activation. We show, using several cell types, including myocytes, that CD36 expression suppresses AMPK, keeping it quiescent, while it mediates AMPK activation by FA. These dual effects reflect the presence of CD36 in a protein complex with the AMPK kinase LKB1 (liver kinase B1) and the src kinase Fyn. This complex promotes Fyn phosphorylation of LKB1 and its nuclear sequestration, hindering LKB1 activation of AMPK. FA interaction with CD36 dissociates Fyn from the protein complex, allowing LKB1 to remain cytosolic and activate AMPK. Consistent with this, CD36(-/-) mice have constitutively active muscle and heart AMPK and enhanced FA oxidation of endogenous triglyceride stores. The molecular mechanism described, whereby CD36 suppresses AMPK, with FA binding to CD36 releasing this suppression, couples AMPK activation to FA availability and would be important for the maintenance of cellular FA homeostasis. Its dysfunction might contribute to the reported association of CD36 variants with metabolic complications of obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Samovski
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Terri Pietka
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Richard W Gross
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip D Stahl
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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358
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Glatz JFC. Lipids and lipid binding proteins: a perfect match. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 93:45-9. [PMID: 25154384 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids serve a great variety of functions, ranging from structural components of biological membranes to signaling molecules affecting various cellular functions. Several of these functions are related to the unique physico-chemical properties shared by all lipid species, i.e., their hydrophobicity. The latter, however, is accompanied by a poor solubility in an aqueous environment and thus a severe limitation in the transport of lipids in aqueous compartments such as blood plasma and the cellular soluble cytoplasm. Specific proteins which can reversibly and non-covalently associate with lipids, designated as lipid binding proteins or lipid chaperones, greatly enhance the aqueous solubility of lipids and facilitate their transport between tissues and within tissue cells. Importantly, transport of lipids across biological membranes also is facilitated by specific (membrane-associated) lipid binding proteins. Together, these lipid binding proteins determine the bio-availability of their ligands, and thereby markedly influence the subsequent processing, utilization, or signaling effect of lipids. The bio-availability of specific lipid species thus is governed by the presence of specific lipid binding proteins, the affinity of these proteins for distinct lipid species, and the presence of competing ligands (including pharmaceutical compounds). Recent studies suggest that post-translational modifications of lipid binding proteins may have great impact on lipid-protein interactions. As a result, several levels of regulation exist that together determine the bio-availability of lipid species. This short review discusses the significance of lipid binding proteins and their potential application as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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359
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Fentz J, Kjøbsted R, Birk JB, Jordy AB, Jeppesen J, Thorsen K, Schjerling P, Kiens B, Jessen N, Viollet B, Wojtaszewski JFP. AMPKα is critical for enhancing skeletal muscle fatty acid utilization during
in vivo
exercise in mice. FASEB J 2015; 29:1725-38. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jesper B. Birk
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andreas B. Jordy
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jacob Jeppesen
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kasper Thorsen
- Department of Molecular MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryBispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy AgingFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Molecular MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institute CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 8104ParisFrance
- Université Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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360
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Putri M, Syamsunarno MRAA, Iso T, Yamaguchi A, Hanaoka H, Sunaga H, Koitabashi N, Matsui H, Yamazaki C, Kameo S, Tsushima Y, Yokoyama T, Koyama H, Abumrad NA, Kurabayashi M. CD36 is indispensable for thermogenesis under conditions of fasting and cold stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:520-5. [PMID: 25596128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia can occur during fasting when thermoregulatory mechanisms, involving fatty acid (FA) utilization, are disturbed. CD36/FA translocase is a membrane protein which facilitates membrane transport of long-chain FA in the FA consuming heart, skeletal muscle (SkM) and adipose tissues. It also accelerates uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein by brown adipose tissue (BAT) in a cold environment. In mice deficient for CD36 (CD36(-/-) mice), FA uptake is markedly reduced with a compensatory increase in glucose uptake in the heart and SkM, resulting in lower levels of blood glucose especially during fasting. However, the role of CD36 in thermogenic activity during fasting remains to be determined. In fasted CD36(-/-) mice, body temperature drastically decreased shortly after cold exposure. The hypothermia was accompanied by a marked reduction in blood glucose and in stores of triacylglycerols in BAT and of glycogen in glycolytic SkM. Biodistribution analysis using the FA analogue (125)I-BMIPP and the glucose analogue (18)F-FDG revealed that uptake of FA and glucose was severely impaired in BAT and glycolytic SkM in cold-exposed CD36(-/-) mice. Further, induction of the genes of thermogenesis in BAT was blunted in fasted CD36(-/-) mice after cold exposure. These findings strongly suggest that CD36(-/-) mice exhibit pronounced hypothermia after fasting due to depletion of energy storage in BAT and glycolytic SkM and to reduced supply of energy substrates to these tissues. Our study underscores the importance of CD36 for nutrient homeostasis to survive potentially life-threatening challenges, such as cold and starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirasari Putri
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mas Rizky A A Syamsunarno
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Aiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sunaga
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norimichi Koitabashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Chiho Yamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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361
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Lochner M, Berod L, Sparwasser T. Fatty acid metabolism in the regulation of T cell function. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:81-91. [PMID: 25592731 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The specific regulation of cellular metabolic processes is of major importance for directing immune cell differentiation and function. We review recent evidence indicating that changes in basic cellular lipid metabolism have critical effects on T cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. While induction of de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis is essential for activation-induced proliferation and differentiation of effector T cells, FA catabolism via β-oxidation is important for the development of CD8(+) T cell memory as well as for the differentiation of CD4(+) regulatory T cells. We consider the influence of lipid metabolism and metabolic intermediates on the regulation of signaling and transcriptional pathways via post-translational modifications, and discuss how an improved understanding of FA metabolism may reveal strategies for manipulating immune responses towards therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany.
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362
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Coppiello G, Collantes M, Sirerol-Piquer MS, Vandenwijngaert S, Schoors S, Swinnen M, Vandersmissen I, Herijgers P, Topal B, van Loon J, Goffin J, Prósper F, Carmeliet P, García-Verdugo JM, Janssens S, Peñuelas I, Aranguren XL, Luttun A. Meox2/Tcf15 heterodimers program the heart capillary endothelium for cardiac fatty acid uptake. Circulation 2015; 131:815-26. [PMID: 25561514 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular endothelium in different organs is specialized to fulfill the particular needs of parenchymal cells. However, specific information about heart capillary endothelial cells (ECs) is lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS Using microarray profiling on freshly isolated ECs from heart, brain, and liver, we revealed a genetic signature for microvascular heart ECs and identified Meox2/Tcf15 heterodimers as novel transcriptional determinants. This signature was largely shared with skeletal muscle and adipose tissue endothelium and was enriched in genes encoding fatty acid (FA) transport-related proteins. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we showed that Meox2/Tcf15 mediate FA uptake in heart ECs, in part, by driving endothelial CD36 and lipoprotein lipase expression and facilitate FA transport across heart ECs. Combined Meox2 and Tcf15 haplodeficiency impaired FA uptake in heart ECs and reduced FA transfer to cardiomyocytes. In the long term, this combined haplodeficiency resulted in impaired cardiac contractility. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a regulatory role for ECs in FA transfer to the heart parenchyma and unveil 2 of its intrinsic regulators. Our insights could be used to develop new strategies based on endothelial Meox2/Tcf15 targeting to modulate FA transfer to the heart and remedy cardiac dysfunction resulting from altered energy substrate usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coppiello
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Collantes
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - María Salomé Sirerol-Piquer
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vandenwijngaert
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Schoors
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa Swinnen
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Vandersmissen
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Herijgers
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Baki Topal
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes van Loon
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Goffin
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Felipe Prósper
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Janssens
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Xabier L Aranguren
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Aernout Luttun
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium.
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Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP. Fatty acids in cell signaling: historical perspective and future outlook. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:57-62. [PMID: 24690372 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are not only important metabolic substrates and building blocks of lipids but are also increasingly being recognized for their modulatory roles in a wide variety of cellular processes including gene expression, together referred to as the 'message-modulator' function of fatty acids. Crucial for this latter role is the bioavailability of fatty acids, which is governed by their interaction with soluble proteins capable of binding fatty acids, i.e., plasma albumin and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding protein (FABPc), and with both the lipid and protein components of biological membranes, including membrane-associated fatty acid-binding proteins such as the transmembrane protein CD36. Manipulating fatty acid availability holds promise as therapeutic approach for chronic diseases that are characterized by a perturbed fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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364
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Blondin DP, Labbé SM, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Richard D, Carpentier AC, Haman F. Contributions of white and brown adipose tissues and skeletal muscles to acute cold-induced metabolic responses in healthy men. J Physiol 2014; 593:701-14. [PMID: 25384777 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle activation contribute to the metabolic response of acute cold exposure in healthy men even under minimal shivering. Activation of adipose tissue intracellular lipolysis is associated with BAT metabolic response upon acute cold exposure in healthy men. Although BAT glucose uptake per volume of tissue is important, the bulk of glucose turnover during cold exposure is mediated by skeletal muscle metabolic activation even when shivering is minimized. ABSTRACT Cold exposure stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), triggering the activation of cold-defence responses and mobilizing substrates to fuel the thermogenic processes. Although these processes have been investigated independently, the physiological interaction and coordinated contribution of the tissues involved in producing heat or mobilizing substrates has never been investigated in humans. Using [U-(13)C]-palmitate and [3-(3)H]-glucose tracer methodologies coupled with positron emission tomography using (11)C-acetate and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose, we examined the relationship between whole body sympathetically induced white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis and brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and mapped the skeletal muscle shivering and metabolic activation pattern during a mild, acute cold exposure designed to minimize shivering response in 12 lean healthy men. Cold-induced increase in whole-body oxygen consumption was not independently associated with BAT volume of activity, BAT oxidative metabolism, or muscle metabolism or shivering intensity, but depended on the sum of responses of these two metabolic tissues. Cold-induced increase in non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) appearance rate was strongly associated with the volume of metabolically active BAT (r = 0.80, P = 0.005), total BAT oxidative metabolism (r = 0.70, P = 0.004) and BAT glucose uptake (r = 0.80, P = 0.005), but not muscle glucose metabolism. The total glucose uptake was more than one order of magnitude greater in skeletal muscles compared to BAT during cold exposure (674 ± 124 vs. 12 ± 8 μmol min(-1), respectively, P < 0.001). Glucose uptake demonstrated that deeper, centrally located muscles of the neck, back and inner thigh were the greatest contributors of muscle glucose uptake during cold exposure due to their more important shivering response. In summary, these results demonstrate for the first time that the increase in plasma NEFA appearance from WAT lipolysis is closely associated with BAT metabolic activation upon acute cold exposure in healthy men. In humans, muscle glucose utilization during shivering contributes to a much greater extent than BAT to systemic glucose utilization during acute cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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365
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Conway V, Larouche A, Alata W, Vandal M, Calon F, Plourde M. Apolipoprotein E isoforms disrupt long-chain fatty acid distribution in the plasma, the liver and the adipose tissue of mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:261-7. [PMID: 25301204 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidences suggest that omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) metabolism is imbalanced in apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 isoform carriers (APOE4). This study aimed to investigate APOE genotype-dependant modulation of FA profiles, protein and enzyme important to fatty acid (FA) metabolism in the adipose tissue, the liver and the plasma using human APOE-targeted replacement mouse-model (N=37). FA transport (FATP) and binding (FABP) protein levels in tissues and concentrations of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) were performed. N-3 PUFA concentration was >45% lower in the adipose tissue and liver of APOE4 mice compared to APOE3 mice. In APOE4 mice, there were higher levels of FATP and FABP in the liver and higher FATP in the adipose tissue compared to APOE2 mice. There was a trend towards higher CPT1 concentrations in APOE4 mice compared to APOE3 mice. Therefore, since APOE-isoform differences were not always in line with the unbalanced n-3 PUFA profiles in organs, other proteins may be involved in maintaining n-3 PUFA homeostasis in mice with different APOE-isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Conway
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Center, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada J1H 4C4; Departement of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Larouche
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Center, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada J1H 4C4
| | - Wael Alata
- Faculty of pharmacy, Université Laval and CHU-Q Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Milène Vandal
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Faculty of pharmacy, Université Laval and CHU-Q Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Faculty of pharmacy, Université Laval and CHU-Q Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Center, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada J1H 4C4; Departement of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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366
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Abstract
Fat and carbohydrate are important fuels for aerobic exercise and there can be reciprocal shifts in the proportions of carbohydrate and fat that are oxidized. The interaction between carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation is dependent on the intracellular and extracellular metabolic environments. The availability of substrate, both from inside and outside of the muscle, and exercise intensity and duration will affect these environments. The ability of increasing fat provision to downregulate carbohydrate metabolism in the heart, diaphragm and peripheral skeletal muscle has been well studied. However, the regulation of fat metabolism in human skeletal muscle during exercise in the face of increasing carbohydrate availability and exercise intensity has not been well studied until recently. Research in the past 10 years has demonstrated that the regulation of fat metabolism is complex and involves many sites of control, including the transport of fat into the muscle cell, the binding and transport of fat in the cytoplasm, the regulation of intramuscular triacylglycerol synthesis and breakdown, and the transport of fat into the mitochondria. The discovery of proteins that assist in transporting fat across the plasma and mitochondrial membranes, the ability of these proteins to translocate to the membranes during exercise, and the new roles of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase in regulating skeletal muscle lipolysis are examples of recent discoveries. This information has led to the proposal of mechanisms to explain the downregulation of fat metabolism that occurs in the face of increasing carbohydrate availability and when moving from moderate to intense aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Børsting Jordy
- Section of Molecular Physiology; August Krogh Centre; Department of Nutrition; Exercise and Sports (NEXS); University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology; August Krogh Centre; Department of Nutrition; Exercise and Sports (NEXS); University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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368
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Jennings P, Schwarz M, Landesmann B, Maggioni S, Goumenou M, Bower D, Leonard MO, Wiseman JS. SEURAT-1 liver gold reference compounds: a mechanism-based review. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2099-133. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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369
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Abstract
Accumulation of triacylglycerols within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes to the degree that lipid droplets are visible microscopically is called liver steatosis. Most commonly, it occurs when there is an imbalance between the delivery or synthesis of fatty acids in the liver and their disposal through oxidative pathways or secretion into the blood as a component of triacylglycerols in very low density lipoprotein. This disorder is called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the absence of alcoholic abuse and viral hepatitis, and it is often associated with insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Also, liver steatosis can be induced by many other causes including excessive alcohol consumption, infection with genotype 3 hepatitis C virus and certain medications. Whereas hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation was once considered the ultimate effector of hepatic lipotoxicity, triacylglycerols per se are quite inert and do not induce insulin resistance or cellular injury. Rather, lipotoxic injury in the liver appears to be mediated by the global ongoing fatty acid enrichment in the liver, paralleling the development of insulin resistance. A considerable number of fatty acid metabolites may be responsible for hepatic lipotoxicity and liver injury. Additional key contributors include hepatic cytosolic lipases and the "lipophagy" of lipid droplets, as sources of hepatic fatty acids. The specific origin of the lipids, mainly triacylglycerols, accumulating in liver has been unraveled by recent kinetic studies, and identifying the origin of the accumulated triacylglycerols in the liver of patients with NAFLD may direct the prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q-H Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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370
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Protein kinase-D1 overexpression prevents lipid-induced cardiac insulin resistance. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:208-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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371
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Abstract
Animal models have demonstrated that CD36 facilitates cell membrane free fatty acid (FFA) transport, but its role in human metabolism is not well understood. We measured heart, liver, adipose (three depots), and muscle (truncal postural and thigh locomotive) FFA uptake using [(11)C]palmitate positron emission tomography (PET) scans in a family of five carrying the Pro90Ser CD36 mutation (2 homozygotes had no CD36) and matched control volunteers. PET scans were done under conditions of suppressed and slightly increased palmitate concentrations. During suppressed palmitate conditions, muscle and adipose palmitate uptake were markedly reduced in homozygotes but not heterozygotes for the Pro90Ser CD36 mutation, whereas when palmitate concentration was slightly increased, uptake in muscle and adipose did not differ between control subjects and homozygous family members. Hepatic FFA uptake was similar in all participants regardless of palmitate concentrations, whereas myocardial FFA uptake was diminished in the Pro90Ser homozygotes during both suppressed and increased palmitate conditions. We conclude that CD36 1) facilitates FFA transport into muscle and adipose tissue in humans when extracellular concentrations are reduced but not when they are modestly elevated, 2) is not rate limiting for hepatic FFA uptake, and 3) is needed for normal cardiac FFA uptake over a range of FFA concentrations from low to slightly elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Vella
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bradley J Kemp
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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372
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Khedoe PPSJ, Hoeke G, Kooijman S, Dijk W, Buijs JT, Kersten S, Havekes LM, Hiemstra PS, Berbée JFP, Boon MR, Rensen PCN. Brown adipose tissue takes up plasma triglycerides mostly after lipolysis. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:51-9. [PMID: 25351615 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m052746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) produces heat by burning TGs that are stored within intracellular lipid droplets and need to be replenished by the uptake of TG-derived FA from plasma. It is currently unclear whether BAT takes up FA via uptake of TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), after lipolysis-mediated liberation of FA, or via a combination of both. Therefore, we generated glycerol tri[(3)H]oleate and [(14)C]cholesteryl oleate double-labeled TRL-mimicking particles with an average diameter of 45, 80, and 150 nm (representing small VLDL to chylomicrons) and injected these intravenously into male C57Bl/6J mice. At room temperature (21°C), the uptake of (3)H-activity by BAT, expressed per gram of tissue, was much higher than the uptake of (14)C-activity, irrespective of particle size, indicating lipolysis-mediated uptake of TG-derived FA rather than whole particle uptake. Cold exposure (7°C) increased the uptake of FA derived from the differently sized particles by BAT, while retaining the selectivity for uptake of FA over cholesteryl ester (CE). At thermoneutrality (28°C), total FA uptake by BAT was attenuated, but the specificity of uptake of FA over CE was again largely retained. Altogether, we conclude that, in our model, BAT takes up plasma TG preferentially by means of lipolysis-mediated uptake of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Padmini S J Khedoe
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geerte Hoeke
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wieneke Dijk
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen T Buijs
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louis M Havekes
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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373
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Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process that plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Basal levels of autophagy are required for the maintenance of organellar quality control. Autophagy is dynamically regulated in the heart in the fasting to re-feeding transition. Insulin signaling plays an important role in the regulation of myocardial fuel metabolism, mitochondrial function and cellular growth. Recent studies have suggested an important role for insulin signaling in the regulation of myocardial autophagy. This dynamic regulation of autophagy induction during fasting may contribute to organellar homeostasis and if perturbed under conditions of hyperinsulinemia could contribute to accelerated cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riehle
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
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374
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Berod L, Friedrich C, Nandan A, Freitag J, Hagemann S, Harmrolfs K, Sandouk A, Hesse C, Castro CN, Bähre H, Tschirner SK, Gorinski N, Gohmert M, Mayer CT, Huehn J, Ponimaskin E, Abraham WR, Müller R, Lochner M, Sparwasser T. De novo fatty acid synthesis controls the fate between regulatory T and T helper 17 cells. Nat Med 2014. [PMID: 25282359 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3704.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting T cells of the T helper 17 (TH17) lineage play a pathogenic role in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune conditions and thus represent a highly attractive target for therapeutic intervention. We report that inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) restrains the formation of human and mouse TH17 cells and promotes the development of anti-inflammatory Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. We show that TH17 cells, but not Treg cells, depend on ACC1-mediated de novo fatty acid synthesis and the underlying glycolytic-lipogenic metabolic pathway for their development. Although TH17 cells use this pathway to produce phospholipids for cellular membranes, Treg cells readily take up exogenous fatty acids for this purpose. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition or T cell-specific deletion of ACC1 not only blocks de novo fatty acid synthesis but also interferes with the metabolic flux of glucose-derived carbon via glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In vivo, treatment with the ACC-specific inhibitor soraphen A or T cell-specific deletion of ACC1 in mice attenuates TH17 cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Our results indicate fundamental differences between TH17 cells and Treg cells regarding their dependency on ACC1-mediated de novo fatty acid synthesis, which might be exploited as a new strategy for metabolic immune modulation of TH17 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christin Friedrich
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amrita Nandan
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenny Freitag
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hagemann
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Harmrolfs
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aline Sandouk
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Hesse
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carla N Castro
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Bähre
- 1] Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [2] Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah K Tschirner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nataliya Gorinski
- Institute of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Gohmert
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian T Mayer
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Institute of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolf-Rainer Abraham
- Department of Chemical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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375
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Berod L, Friedrich C, Nandan A, Freitag J, Hagemann S, Harmrolfs K, Sandouk A, Hesse C, Castro CN, Bähre H, Tschirner SK, Gorinski N, Gohmert M, Mayer CT, Huehn J, Ponimaskin E, Abraham WR, Müller R, Lochner M, Sparwasser T. De novo fatty acid synthesis controls the fate between regulatory T and T helper 17 cells. Nat Med 2014; 20:1327-33. [PMID: 25282359 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting T cells of the T helper 17 (TH17) lineage play a pathogenic role in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune conditions and thus represent a highly attractive target for therapeutic intervention. We report that inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) restrains the formation of human and mouse TH17 cells and promotes the development of anti-inflammatory Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. We show that TH17 cells, but not Treg cells, depend on ACC1-mediated de novo fatty acid synthesis and the underlying glycolytic-lipogenic metabolic pathway for their development. Although TH17 cells use this pathway to produce phospholipids for cellular membranes, Treg cells readily take up exogenous fatty acids for this purpose. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition or T cell-specific deletion of ACC1 not only blocks de novo fatty acid synthesis but also interferes with the metabolic flux of glucose-derived carbon via glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In vivo, treatment with the ACC-specific inhibitor soraphen A or T cell-specific deletion of ACC1 in mice attenuates TH17 cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Our results indicate fundamental differences between TH17 cells and Treg cells regarding their dependency on ACC1-mediated de novo fatty acid synthesis, which might be exploited as a new strategy for metabolic immune modulation of TH17 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christin Friedrich
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amrita Nandan
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenny Freitag
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hagemann
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Harmrolfs
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aline Sandouk
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Hesse
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carla N Castro
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Bähre
- 1] Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [2] Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah K Tschirner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nataliya Gorinski
- Institute of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Gohmert
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian T Mayer
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Institute of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolf-Rainer Abraham
- Department of Chemical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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376
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Abdurrachim D, Ciapaite J, Wessels B, Nabben M, Luiken JJ, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction in high-fat diet fed mice is associated with lipotoxicity without impairment of cardiac energetics in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1525-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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377
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Peake JM, Tan SJ, Markworth JF, Broadbent JA, Skinner TL, Cameron-Smith D. Metabolic and hormonal responses to isoenergetic high-intensity interval exercise and continuous moderate-intensity exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E539-52. [PMID: 25096178 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00276.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. work-matched moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MOD) on metabolism and counterregulatory stress hormones. In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 10 well-trained male cyclists and triathletes completed a HIIT session [81.6 ± 3.7% maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max); 72.0 ± 3.2% peak power output; 792 ± 95 kJ] and a MOD session (66.7 ± 3.5% V̇o2 max; 48.5 ± 3.1% peak power output; 797 ± 95 kJ). Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1 and 2 h postexercise. Carbohydrate oxidation was higher (P = 0.037; 20%), whereas fat oxidation was lower (P = 0.037; -47%) during HIIT vs. MOD. Immediately after exercise, plasma glucose (P = 0.024; 20%) and lactate (P < 0.01; 5.4×) were higher in HIIT vs. MOD, whereas total serum free fatty acid concentration was not significantly different (P = 0.33). Targeted gas chromatography-mass spectromtery metabolomics analysis identified and quantified 49 metabolites in plasma, among which 11 changed after both HIIT and MOD, 13 changed only after HIIT, and 5 changed only after MOD. Notable changes included substantial increases in tricarboxylic acid intermediates and monounsaturated fatty acids after HIIT and marked decreases in amino acids during recovery from both trials. Plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (P = 0.019), cortisol (P < 0.01), and growth hormone (P < 0.01) were all higher immediately after HIIT. Plasma norepinephrine (P = 0.11) and interleukin-6 (P = 0.20) immediately after exercise were not significantly different between trials. Plasma insulin decreased during recovery from both HIIT and MOD (P < 0.01). These data indicate distinct differences in specific metabolites and counterregulatory hormones following HIIT vs. MOD and highlight the value of targeted metabolomic analysis to provide more detailed insights into the metabolic demands of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia;
| | - Sok Joo Tan
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and
| | | | - James A Broadbent
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and
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378
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Harada S, Haruna Y, Aizawa F, Matsuura W, Nakamoto K, Yamashita T, Kasuya F, Tokuyama S. Involvement of GPR40, a long-chain free fatty acid receptor, in the production of central post-stroke pain after global cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:115-23. [PMID: 25281202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP), one of the complications of cerebral ischemia and neuropathic pain syndrome, is associated with specific somatosensory abnormalities. Although CPSP is a serious problem, detailed underlying mechanisms and standard treatments for CPSP are not well established. In this study, we assessed the role of GPR40, a long-chain fatty acid receptor, showing anti-nociceptive effects, in CPSP. We also examined the role of astrocytes in CPSP due to their effects in mediating the release of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which act as potential GPR40 ligands. The aim of this study was to determine the interactions between CPSP and astrocyte/GPR40 signaling. Male ddY mice were subjected to 30 min of bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO). The development of hind paw mechanical hyperalgesia was measured after BCAO using the von Frey test. Neuronal damage was estimated by histological analysis on day 3 after BCAO. The thresholds for hind paw mechanical hyperalgesia were significantly decreased on days 1-28 after BCAO when compared with those of pre-BCAO assessments. BCAO-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was significantly decreased by intracerebroventricular injection of docosahexaenoic acid or GW9508, a GPR40 agonist; furthermore, these effects were reversed by GW1100, a GPR40 antagonist. The expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocytic marker, and some free fatty acids were significantly decreased 5h after BCAO, although no effects of BCAO were noted on hypothalamic GPR40 protein expression. Our data show that BCAO-induced mechanical hyperalgesia is possible to be regulated by astrocyte activation and stimulation of GPR40 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Harada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Yuka Haruna
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Fuka Aizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kasuya
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.
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379
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The associations between polymorphisms in the CD36 gene, fat oxidation and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a young adult Australian population: a pilot study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 8:e618-21. [PMID: 25277110 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our pilot study in a young adult Australian cohort aimed to investigate potential associations between CD36 polymorphisms (rs1527479 and rs1984112), fat oxidation and cardiovascular disease risk. CD36 genotype was associated with fat oxidation during sub-maximal exercise, resting heart rate and blood pressure, indicating increased chronic disease risk in this otherwise healthy cohort.
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380
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Maher AC, McFarlan J, Lally J, Snook LA, Bonen A. TBC1D1 reduces palmitate oxidation by inhibiting β-HAD activity in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1115-23. [PMID: 25163918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00014.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle the Rab-GTPase-activating protein TBC1D1 has been implicated in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation by an unknown mechanism. We determined whether TBC1D1 altered fatty acid utilization via changes in protein-mediated fatty acid transport and/or selected enzymes regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We also determined the effects of TBC1D1 on glucose transport and oxidation. Electrotransfection of mouse soleus muscles with TBC1D1 cDNA increased TBC1D1 protein after 2 wk (P<0.05), without altering its paralog AS160. TBC1D1 overexpression decreased basal palmitate oxidation (-22%) while blunting 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR)-stimulated palmitate oxidation (-18%). There was a tendency to increase fatty acid esterification (+10 nmol·g(-1)·60 min(-1), P=0.07), which reflected the reduction in fatty acid oxidation (-12 nmol·g(-1)·60 min(-1)). Concomitantly, basal (+21%) and AICAR-stimulated glucose oxidation (+8%) were increased in TBC1D1-transfected muscles relative to their respective controls (P<0.05), independent of changes in GLUT4 and glucose transport. The reductions in TBC1D1-mediated fatty acid oxidation could not be attributed to changes in the transporter FAT/CD36, muscle mitochondrial content, CPT1 expression or the expression and phosphorylation of AS160, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, or AMPK. However, TBC1D1 overexpression reduced β-HAD enzyme activity (-18%, P<0.05). In conclusion, TBC1D1-mediated reduction of muscle fatty acid oxidation appears to occur via inhibition of β-HAD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Maher
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J McFarlan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Lally
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - L A Snook
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Bonen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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381
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Jordy AB, Serup AK, Karstoft K, Pilegaard H, Kiens B, Jeppesen J. Insulin sensitivity is independent of lipid binding protein trafficking at the plasma membrane in human skeletal muscle: effect of a 3-day, high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1136-45. [PMID: 25163924 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00124.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate lipid-induced regulation of lipid binding proteins in human skeletal muscle and the impact hereof on insulin sensitivity. Eleven healthy male subjects underwent a 3-day hypercaloric and high-fat diet regime. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after the diet intervention, and giant sarcolemmal vesicles were prepared. The high-fat diet induced decreased insulin sensitivity, but this was not associated with a relocation of FAT/CD36 or FABPpm protein to the sarcolemma. However, FAT/CD36 and FABPpm mRNA, but not the proteins, were upregulated by increased fatty acid availability. This suggests a time dependency in the upregulation of FAT/CD36 and FABPpm protein during high availability of plasma fatty acids. Furthermore, we did not detect FATP1 and FATP4 protein in giant sarcolemmal vesicles obtained from human skeletal muscle. In conclusion, this study shows that a short-term lipid-load increases mRNA content of key lipid handling proteins in human muscle. However, decreased insulin sensitivity after a high-fat diet is not accompanied with relocation of FAT/CD36 or FABPpm protein to the sarcolemma. Finally, FATP1 and FATP4 protein was located intracellularly but not at the sarcolemma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Jordy
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and CFAS, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Jacob Jeppesen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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382
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fadD deletion and fadL overexpression in Escherichia coli increase hydroxy long-chain fatty acid productivity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8917-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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383
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Uttaro AD. Acquisition and biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by trypanosomatids. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2014; 196:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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384
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Fu Q, Xu B, Liu Y, Parikh D, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Riehle C, Zhu Y, Rawlings T, Shi Q, Clark RB, Chen X, Abel ED, Xiang YK. Insulin inhibits cardiac contractility by inducing a Gi-biased β2-adrenergic signaling in hearts. Diabetes 2014; 63:2676-89. [PMID: 24677713 PMCID: PMC4113065 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and adrenergic stimulation are two divergent regulatory systems that may interact under certain pathophysiological circumstances. Here, we characterized a complex consisting of insulin receptor (IR) and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in the heart. The IR/β2AR complex undergoes dynamic dissociation under diverse conditions such as Langendorff perfusions of hearts with insulin or after euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps in vivo. Activation of IR with insulin induces protein kinase A (PKA) and G-protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) phosphorylation of the β2AR, which promotes β2AR coupling to the inhibitory G-protein, Gi. The insulin-induced phosphorylation of β2AR is dependent on IRS1 and IRS2. After insulin pretreatment, the activated β2AR-Gi signaling effectively attenuates cAMP/PKA activity after β-adrenergic stimulation in cardiomyocytes and consequently inhibits PKA phosphorylation of phospholamban and contractile responses in myocytes in vitro and in Langendorff perfused hearts. These data indicate that increased IR signaling, as occurs in hyperinsulinemic states, may directly impair βAR-regulated cardiac contractility. This β2AR-dependent IR and βAR signaling cross-talk offers a molecular basis for the broad interaction between these signaling cascades in the heart and other tissues or organs that may contribute to the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction in insulin-resistant states.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/genetics
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/metabolism
- Insulin/administration & dosage
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/genetics
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocardial Contraction/physiology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CADepartment of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, IL
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Yongming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CAShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dippal Parikh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTFraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Christian Riehle
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTFraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Tenley Rawlings
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, IL
| | - Richard B Clark
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Houston Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTFraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, IL
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385
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Angin Y, Schwenk RW, Nergiz-Unal R, Hoebers N, Heemskerk JWM, Kuijpers MJ, Coumans WA, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Bonen A, Neumann D, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP. Calcium signaling recruits substrate transporters GLUT4 and CD36 to the sarcolemma without increasing cardiac substrate uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E225-36. [PMID: 24895286 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00655.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cardiomyocytes induces translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transporter CD36 from endosomal stores to the sarcolemma to enhance glucose and LCFA uptake, respectively. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ) has been positioned directly upstream of AMPK. However, it is unknown whether acute increases in [Ca(2+)]i stimulate translocation of GLUT4 and CD36 and uptake of glucose and LCFA or whether Ca(2+) signaling converges with AMPK signaling to exert these actions. Therefore, we studied the interplay between Ca(2+) and AMPK signaling in regulation of cardiomyocyte substrate uptake. Exposure of primary cardiomyocytes to inhibitors or activators of Ca(2+) signaling affected neither AMPK-Thr(172) phosphorylation nor basal and AMPK-mediated glucose and LCFA uptake. Despite their lack of an effect on substrate uptake, Ca(2+) signaling activators induced GLUT4 and CD36 translocation. In contrast, AMPK activators stimulated GLUT4/CD36 translocation as well as glucose/LCFA uptake. When cardiomyocytes were cotreated with Ca(2+) signaling and AMPK activators, Ca(2+) signaling activators further enhanced AMPK-induced glucose/LCFA uptake. In conclusion, Ca(2+) signaling shows no involvement in AMPK-induced GLUT4/CD36 translocation and substrate uptake but elicits transporter translocation via a separate pathway requiring CaMKKβ/CaMKs. Ca(2+)-induced transporter translocation by itself appears to be ineffective to increase substrate uptake but requires additional AMPK activation to effectuate transporter translocation into increased substrate uptake. Ca(2+)-induced transporter translocation might be crucial under excessive cardiac stress conditions that require supraphysiological energy demands. Alternatively, Ca(2+) signaling might prepare the heart for substrate uptake during physiological contraction by inducing transporter translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Bonen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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386
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Mota AAR, Carvalho PHPR, Guido BC, de Oliveira HCB, Soares TA, Corrêa JR, Neto BAD. Bioimaging, cellular uptake and dynamics in living cells of a lipophilic fluorescent benzothiadiazole at low temperature (4 °C). Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01785d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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387
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Pietka TA, Schappe T, Conte C, Fabbrini E, Patterson BW, Klein S, Abumrad NA, Love-Gregory L. Adipose and muscle tissue profile of CD36 transcripts in obese subjects highlights the role of CD36 in fatty acid homeostasis and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1990-7. [PMID: 24784828 PMCID: PMC4067395 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is tightly regulated across several tissues and impacts insulin sensitivity. CD36 facilitates cellular FA uptake, and CD36 genetic variants associate with lipid abnormalities and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to gain insight regarding the in vivo metabolic influence of muscle and adipose tissue CD36. For this, we determined the relationships between CD36 alternative transcripts, which can reflect tissue-specific CD36 regulation, and measures of FA metabolism and insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The relative abundance of alternative CD36 transcripts in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from 53 nondiabetic obese subjects was measured and related to insulin sensitivity and FA metabolism assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and isotopic tracers for glucose and FA. RESULTS Transcript 1C, one of two major transcripts in adipose tissue, that is restricted to adipocytes predicted systemic and tissue (adipose, liver, and muscle) insulin sensitivity, suggesting adipocyte CD36 protects against insulin resistance. Transcripts 1B and 1A, the major transcripts in skeletal muscle, correlated with FA disposal rate and triglyceride clearance, supporting importance of muscle CD36 in clearance of circulating FA. Additionally, the common CD36 single nucleotide polymorphism rs1761667 selectively influenced CD36 transcripts and exacerbated insulin resistance of glucose disposal by muscle. CONCLUSIONS Alternative CD36 transcripts differentially influence tissue CD36 and consequently FA homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Adipocyte CD36 appears to be metabolically protective, and its selective upregulation might have therapeutic potential in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri A Pietka
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Elisa Fabbrini
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Samuel Klein
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Latisha Love-Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO
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388
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Kuijpers MJ, de Witt S, Nergiz-Unal R, van Kruchten R, Korporaal SJ, Verhamme P, Febbraio M, Tjwa M, Voshol PJ, Hoylaerts MF, Cosemans JM, Heemskerk JW. Supporting Roles of Platelet Thrombospondin-1 and CD36 in Thrombus Formation on Collagen. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1187-92. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Platelets abundantly express the membrane receptor CD36 and store its ligand thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) in the α-granules. We investigated whether released TSP1 can support platelet adhesion and thrombus formation via interaction with CD36.
Approach and Results—
Mouse platelets deficient in CD36 showed reduced adhesion to TSP1 and subsequent phosphatidylserine expression. Deficiency in either CD36 or TSP1 resulted in markedly increased dissolution of thrombi formed on collagen, although thrombus buildup was unchanged. In mesenteric vessels in vivo, deficiency in CD36 prolonged the time to occlusion and enhanced embolization, which was in agreement with earlier observations in TSP1-deficient mice. Thrombi formed using wild-type blood stained positively for secreted TSP1. Releasate from wild-type but not from TSP1-deficient platelets enhanced platelet activation, phosphatidylserine expression, and thrombus formation on collagen. The enhancement was dependent on CD36 because it was without effect on thrombus formation by CD36-deficient platelets.
Conclusions—
These results demonstrate an anchoring role of platelet-released TSP1 via CD36 in platelet adhesion and collagen-dependent thrombus stabilization. Thus, the TSP1–CD36 tandem is another platelet ligand–receptor axis contributing to the maintenance of a stable thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke J.E. Kuijpers
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Susanne de Witt
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Reyhan Nergiz-Unal
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Roger van Kruchten
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Suzanne J.A. Korporaal
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Peter Verhamme
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Maria Febbraio
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Marc Tjwa
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Peter J. Voshol
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Marc F. Hoylaerts
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Judith M.E.M. Cosemans
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Johan W.M. Heemskerk
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
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389
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Pepino MY, Kuda O, Samovski D, Abumrad NA. Structure-function of CD36 and importance of fatty acid signal transduction in fat metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2014; 34:281-303. [PMID: 24850384 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) is a scavenger receptor that functions in high-affinity tissue uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and contributes under excessive fat supply to lipid accumulation and metabolic dysfunction. This review describes recent evidence regarding the CD36 FA binding site and a potential mechanism for FA transfer. It also presents the view that CD36 and FA signaling coordinate fat utilization, a view that is based on newly identified CD36 actions that involve oral fat perception, intestinal fat absorption, secretion of the peptides cholecystokinin and secretin, regulation of hepatic lipoprotein output, activation of beta oxidation by muscle, and regulation of the production of the FA-derived bioactive eicosanoids. Thus abnormalities of fat metabolism and the associated pathology might involve dysfunction of CD36-mediated signal transduction in addition to the changes in FA uptake.
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390
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Fernández-Pérez L, Santana-Farré R, de Mirecki-Garrido M, García I, Guerra B, Mateo-Díaz C, Iglesias-Gato D, Díaz-Chico JC, Flores-Morales A, Díaz M. Lipid profiling and transcriptomic analysis reveals a functional interplay between estradiol and growth hormone in liver. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96305. [PMID: 24816529 PMCID: PMC4015979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) may interfere with endocrine, metabolic, and gender-differentiated functions in liver in both females and males. Indirect mechanisms play a crucial role because of the E2 influence on the pituitary GH secretion and the GHR-JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway in the target tissues. E2, through its interaction with the estrogen receptor, exerts direct effects on liver. Hypothyroidism also affects endocrine and metabolic functions of the liver, rendering a metabolic phenotype with features that mimic deficiencies in E2 or GH. In this work, we combined the lipid and transcriptomic analysis to obtain comprehensive information on the molecular mechanisms of E2 effects, alone and in combination with GH, to regulate liver functions in males. We used the adult hypothyroid-orchidectomized rat model to minimize the influence of internal hormones on E2 treatment and to explore its role in male-differentiated functions. E2 influenced genes involved in metabolism of lipids and endo-xenobiotics, and the GH-regulated endocrine, metabolic, immune, and male-specific responses. E2 induced a female-pattern of gene expression and inhibited GH-regulated STAT5b targeted genes. E2 did not prevent the inhibitory effects of GH on urea and amino acid metabolism-related genes. The combination of E2 and GH decreased transcriptional immune responses. E2 decreased the hepatic content of saturated fatty acids and induced a transcriptional program that seems to be mediated by the activation of PPARα. In contrast, GH inhibited fatty acid oxidation. Both E2 and GH replacements reduced hepatic CHO levels and increased the formation of cholesterol esters and triacylglycerols. Notably, the hepatic lipid profiles were endowed with singular fingerprints that may be used to segregate the effects of different hormonal replacements. In summary, we provide in vivo evidence that E2 has a significant impact on lipid content and transcriptome in male liver and that E2 exerts a marked influence on GH physiology, with implications in human therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Biomedical and Health Research Institute (IUIBS), Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Cancer Research Institute of The Canary Islands (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruymán Santana-Farré
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Biomedical and Health Research Institute (IUIBS), Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Mirecki-Garrido
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Biomedical and Health Research Institute (IUIBS), Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Irma García
- Cancer Research Institute of The Canary Islands (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
- Department of Animal Biology, University of La Laguna, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Borja Guerra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Biomedical and Health Research Institute (IUIBS), Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Cancer Research Institute of The Canary Islands (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carlos Mateo-Díaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Biomedical and Health Research Institute (IUIBS), Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Cancer Research Institute of The Canary Islands (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Diego Iglesias-Gato
- Molecular Endocrinology group, University of Copenhagen - Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz-Chico
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Biomedical and Health Research Institute (IUIBS), Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Cancer Research Institute of The Canary Islands (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Amilcar Flores-Morales
- Molecular Endocrinology group, University of Copenhagen - Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Díaz
- Cancer Research Institute of The Canary Islands (ICIC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
- Department of Animal Biology, University of La Laguna, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, La Laguna, Spain
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391
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Townsend KL, Tseng YH. Brown fat fuel utilization and thermogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:168-77. [PMID: 24389130 PMCID: PMC3972344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy as heat to maintain optimal thermogenesis and to contribute to energy expenditure in rodents and possibly humans. The energetic processes executed by BAT require a readily-available fuel supply, which includes glucose and fatty acids (FAs). FAs become available by cellular uptake, de novo lipogenesis, and multilocular lipid droplets in brown adipocytes. BAT also possesses a great capacity for glucose uptake and metabolism, and an ability to regulate insulin sensitivity. These properties make BAT an appealing target for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. Recent research has provided a better understanding of the processes of fuel utilization carried out by brown adipocytes, which is the focus of the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Townsend
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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392
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Cullberg KB, Larsen JØ, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B. Effects of LPS and dietary free fatty acids on MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and macrophages in vitro. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e113. [PMID: 24662749 PMCID: PMC3974034 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of free fatty acids (FFA) have been suggested to be one of the underlying mechanisms for adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and dysfunction in obesity. Human AT produces several adipokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated inflammation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a panel of dietary FFA on MCP-1 gene and protein expression in adipocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, we investigated whether the effect of LPS and FFA were mediated through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). METHODS 3T3-L1 adipocytes and THP-1 macrophages were incubated for 24 h with the following FFA: monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid), saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid) and trans fatty acid (elaidic acid; 500 μM) with and without LPS (2 ng ml(-1)), and MCP-1 and TLR4 mRNA expression and MCP-1 protein secretion was determined. RESULTS The results showed that LPS significantly increased MCP-1 and TLR4 expression and MCP-1 secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and that the MCP-1 expression was blocked by a TLR4 inhibitor (CLI095). The effects of the various FFA on MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein secretion in the adipocytes showed no significant changes either alone or in combination with LPS. In macrophages, palmitic acid increased MCP-1 mRNA expression by 1.8-fold (P<0.05), but oleic acid and elaidic acid had no effects. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in 3T3-L1 adipocyte, the TLR4-agonist, LPS, stimulates the proinflammatory chemokine MCP-1. The different classes of FFA did not induce MCP-1 mRNA expression or protein secretion in the adipocytes, but the saturated FFA, palmitic acid, induced MCP-1 mRNA expression in macrophages, possibly because of the higher expression level of TLR4 in the macrophages than the adipocytes. Our results indicate that FFA may induce AT inflammation through proinflammatory stimulation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Cullberg
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, MEA, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J Ø Larsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, MEA, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, MEA, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - B Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, MEA, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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393
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Bosma M. Lipid homeostasis in exercise. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1019-23. [PMID: 24632001 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) are essential energy substrates during endurance exercise. In addition to systemic supply, intramyocellular neutral lipids form an important source of FA for the working muscle. Endurance exercise training is associated with an increased reliance on lipids as a fuel source, has systemic lipid-lowering effects and results in a remodeling of skeletal muscle lipid metabolism toward increased oxidation, neutral lipid storage and turnover. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated common exercise-induced regulatory pathways for genes involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) dynamics. In this review, I discuss lipid homeostasis during acute exercise and adaptations in lipid metabolism upon exercise training in the light of recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleen Bosma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 285, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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394
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Sahoo S, Aurich MK, Jonsson JJ, Thiele I. Membrane transporters in a human genome-scale metabolic knowledgebase and their implications for disease. Front Physiol 2014; 5:91. [PMID: 24653705 PMCID: PMC3949408 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters enable efficient cellular metabolism, aid in nutrient sensing, and have been associated with various diseases, such as obesity and cancer. Genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions capture genomic, physiological, and biochemical knowledge of a target organism, along with a detailed representation of the cellular metabolite transport mechanisms. Since the first reconstruction of human metabolism, Recon 1, published in 2007, progress has been made in the field of metabolite transport. Recently, we published an updated reconstruction, Recon 2, which significantly improved the metabolic coverage and functionality. Human metabolic reconstructions have been used to investigate the role of metabolism in disease and to predict biomarkers and drug targets. Given the importance of cellular transport systems in understanding human metabolism in health and disease, we analyzed the coverage of transport systems for various metabolite classes in Recon 2. We will review the current knowledge on transporters (i.e., their preferred substrates, transport mechanisms, metabolic relevance, and disease association for each metabolite class). We will assess missing coverage and propose modifications and additions through a transport module that is functional when combined with Recon 2. This information will be valuable for further refinements. These data will also provide starting points for further experiments by highlighting areas of incomplete knowledge. This review represents the first comprehensive overview of the transporters involved in central metabolism and their transport mechanisms, thus serving as a compendium of metabolite transporters specific for human metabolic reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Sahoo
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland Reykjavik, Iceland ; Molecular Systems Physiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Maike K Aurich
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland Reykjavik, Iceland ; Molecular Systems Physiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Jon J Jonsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland Reykjavik, Iceland ; Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ines Thiele
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland Reykjavik, Iceland ; Molecular Systems Physiology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg Belval, Luxembourg
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395
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Sahini N, Borlak J. Recent insights into the molecular pathophysiology of lipid droplet formation in hepatocytes. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 54:86-112. [PMID: 24607340 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triacyglycerols are a major energy reserve of the body and are normally stored in adipose tissue as lipid droplets (LDs). The liver, however, stores energy as glycogen and digested triglycerides in the form of fatty acids. In stressed condition such as obesity, imbalanced nutrition and drug induced liver injury hepatocytes accumulate excess lipids in the form of LDs whose prolonged storage leads to disease conditions most notably non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty liver disease has become a major health burden with more than 90% of obese, nearly 70% of overweight and about 25% of normal weight patients being affected. Notably, research in recent years has shown LD as highly dynamic organelles for maintaining lipid homeostasis through fat storage, protein sorting and other molecular events studied in adipocytes and other cells of living organisms. This review focuses on the molecular events of LD formation in hepatocytes and the importance of cross talk between different cell types and their signalling in NAFLD as to provide a perspective on molecular mechanisms as well as possibilities for different therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishika Sahini
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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396
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Protein mediated fatty acid uptake: Synergy between CD36/FAT-facilitated transport and acyl-CoA synthetase-driven metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 546:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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397
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McArdle Disease and Exercise Physiology. BIOLOGY 2014; 3:157-66. [PMID: 24833339 PMCID: PMC4009758 DOI: 10.3390/biology3010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
McArdle disease (glycogen storage disease Type V; MD) is a metabolic myopathy caused by a deficiency in muscle glycogen phosphorylase. Since muscle glycogen is an important fuel for muscle during exercise, this inborn error of metabolism provides a model for understanding the role of glycogen in muscle function and the compensatory adaptations that occur in response to impaired glycogenolysis. Patients with MD have exercise intolerance with symptoms including premature fatigue, myalgia, and/or muscle cramps. Despite this, MD patients are able to perform prolonged exercise as a result of the “second wind” phenomenon, owing to the improved delivery of extra-muscular fuels during exercise. The present review will cover what this disease can teach us about exercise physiology, and particularly focuses on the compensatory pathways for energy delivery to muscle in the absence of glycogenolysis.
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398
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Trent CM, Yu S, Hu Y, Skoller N, Huggins LA, Homma S, Goldberg IJ. Lipoprotein lipase activity is required for cardiac lipid droplet production. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:645-58. [PMID: 24493834 PMCID: PMC3966699 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m043471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent heart accumulates TGs and lipid droplets during fasting. The sources of heart lipids could be either FFAs liberated from adipose tissue or FAs from lipoprotein-associated TGs via the action of lipoprotein lipase (LpL). Because circulating levels of FFAs increase during fasting, it has been assumed that albumin transported FFAs are the source of lipids within heart lipid droplets. We studied mice with three genetic mutations: peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α deficiency, cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) deficiency, and heart-specific LpL deletion. All three genetically altered groups of mice had defective accumulation of lipid droplet TGs. Moreover, hearts from mice treated with poloxamer 407, an inhibitor of lipoprotein TG lipolysis, also failed to accumulate TGs, despite increased uptake of FFAs. TG storage did not impair maximal cardiac function as measured by stress echocardiography. Thus, LpL hydrolysis of circulating lipoproteins is required for the accumulation of lipids in the heart of fasting mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Trent
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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399
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Geerling JJ, Boon MR, Kooijman S, Parlevliet ET, Havekes LM, Romijn JA, Meurs IM, Rensen PCN. Sympathetic nervous system control of triglyceride metabolism: novel concepts derived from recent studies. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:180-9. [PMID: 24285857 PMCID: PMC3886657 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r045013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Important players in triglyceride (TG) metabolism include the liver (production), white adipose tissue (WAT) (storage), heart and skeletal muscle (combustion to generate ATP), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) (combustion toward heat), the collective action of which determine plasma TG levels. Interestingly, recent evidence points to a prominent role of the hypothalamus in TG metabolism through innervating the liver, WAT, and BAT mainly via sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Here, we review the recent findings in the area of sympathetic control of TG metabolism. Various neuronal populations, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing neurons and melanocortin-expressing neurons, as well as peripherally produced hormones (i.e., GLP-1, leptin, and insulin), modulate sympathetic outflow from the hypothalamus toward target organs and thereby influence peripheral TG metabolism. We conclude that sympathetic stimulation in general increases lipolysis in WAT, enhances VLDL-TG production by the liver, and increases the activity of BAT with respect to lipolysis of TG, followed by combustion of fatty acids toward heat. Moreover, the increased knowledge about the involvement of the neuroendocrine system in TG metabolism presented in this review offers new therapeutic options to fight hypertriglyceridemia by specifically modulating sympathetic nervous system outflow toward liver, BAT, or WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine J. Geerling
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R. Boon
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin T. Parlevliet
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis M. Havekes
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Gaubius Laboratory, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research - Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. Romijn
- Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Illiana M. Meurs
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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400
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Turner N, Cooney GJ, Kraegen EW, Bruce CR. Fatty acid metabolism, energy expenditure and insulin resistance in muscle. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:T61-79. [PMID: 24323910 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are essential elements of all cells and have significant roles as energy substrates, components of cellular structure and signalling molecules. The storage of excess energy intake as fat in adipose tissue is an evolutionary advantage aimed at protecting against starvation, but in much of today's world, humans are faced with an unlimited availability of food, and the excessive accumulation of fat is now a major risk for human health, especially the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since the first recognition of the association between fat accumulation, reduced insulin action and increased risk of T2D, several mechanisms have been proposed to link excess FA availability to reduced insulin action, with some of them being competing or contradictory. This review summarises the evidence for these mechanisms in the context of excess dietary FAs generating insulin resistance in muscle, the major tissue involved in insulin-stimulated disposal of blood glucose. It also outlines potential problems with models and measurements that may hinder as well as help improve our understanding of the links between FAs and insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Diabetes and Obesity Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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