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Khan MA, Khan ZA, Charles M, Pratap P, Naeem A, Siddiqui Z, Naqvi N, Srivastava S. Cytokine Storm and Mucus Hypersecretion in COVID-19: Review of Mechanisms. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:175-189. [PMID: 33519225 PMCID: PMC7838037 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s271292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is an integral part of the respiratory physiology. It protects the respiratory tract by acting as a physical barrier against inhaled particles and microbes. Excessive inflammation in conditions such as COVID-19 can result in over-production of mucus which obstructs the airway. Build-up of mucus can also contribute to recurrent airway infection, causing further obstruction. This article summarizes the current understanding and knowledge of respiratory mucus production and proposes the role of cytokine storm in inducing sudden mucus hypersecretion in COVID-19. Based on these cascades, the active constituents that inhibit or activate several potential targets are outlined for further research. These may be explored for the discovery and design of drugs to combat cytokine storm and its ensuing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali Khan
- Reseach & Development Department, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zaw Ali Khan
- Reseach & Development Department, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mark Charles
- Metabolic Research Unit, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpendra Pratap
- Metabolic Research Unit, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Naeem
- Metabolic Research Unit, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nigar Naqvi
- Department of Nutrition, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- Department of Nutrition, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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352
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Ma RH, Ni ZJ, Zhu YY, Thakur K, Zhang F, Zhang YY, Hu F, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. A recent update on the multifaceted health benefits associated with ginger and its bioactive components. Food Funct 2021; 12:519-542. [PMID: 33367423 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to recent lifestyle shifts and health discernments among consumers, synthetic drugs are facing the challenge of controlling disease development and progression. Various medicinal plants and their constituents are recognized for their imminent role in disease management via modulation of biological activities. At present, research scholars have diverted their attention on natural bioactive entities with health-boosting perception to combat the lifestyle-related disarrays. In particular, Zingiber officinale is a medicinal herb that has been commonly used in food and pharmaceutical products. Its detailed chemical composition and high value-added active components have been extensively studied. In this review, we have summarized the pharmacological potential of this well-endowed chemo preventive agent. It was revealed that its functionalities are attributed to several inherent chemical constituents, including 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 6-hydroshogaol, and oleoresin, which were established through many studies (in vitro, in vivo, and cell lines). In this review, we also focused on the therapeutic effects of ginger and its constituents for their effective antioxidant properties. Their consumption may reduce or delay the progression of related diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and obesity, via modulation of genetic and metabolic activities. The updated data could elucidate the relationship of the extraction processes with the constituents and biological manifestations. We have collated the current knowledge (including the latest clinical data) about the bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger. Their detailed mechanisms, which can lay foundation for their food and medical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hui Ma
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
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Auxtero MD, Chalante S, Abade MR, Jorge R, Fernandes AI. Potential Herb-Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 33478035 PMCID: PMC7835864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Auxtero
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Susana Chalante
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Mário R. Abade
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rui Jorge
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
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354
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Zarei M, Acharya P, Talahalli RR. Ginger and turmeric lipid-solubles attenuate heated oil-induced hepatic inflammation via the downregulation of NF-kB in rats. Life Sci 2021; 265:118856. [PMID: 33278395 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reusing deep-fried vegetable oils multiple times is a common practice to save costs, and their chronic consumption may cause hepatic dysfunction. In this investigation, we assessed the modulatory effects of ginger and turmeric lipid-solubles that may migrate to oils during heating on the hepatic inflammatory response in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed with; 1) control {native canola (N-CNO) or native sunflower (N-SFO)} oil, 2) heated (heated canola {(H-CNO) or heated sunflower (H-SFO)} oil, and 3) heated oil with ginger or turmeric {heated canola with ginger (H-CNO + GI) or heated canola oil with turmeric (H-CNO + TU), heated sunflower oil with ginger (H-SFO + GI) or heated sunflower oil with turmeric (H-SFO + TU)} for 120 days. Hepatic inflammatory response comprising eicosanoids, cytokines, and NF-kB were assessed. RESULTS Compared to respective controls, feeding heated oils significantly (p < 0.05); 1) increased eicosanoids (PGE2, LTB4, and LTC4) and cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6), 2) increased nuclear translocation of NF-kB in the liver, and 3) increased the hepatic expression of 5-LOX, COX-2, BLT-1, and EP-4. However, feeding oils heated with ginger or turmeric positively countered the changes induced by consumption of heated oils. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of repeatedly heated oil may cause hepatic dysfunction by inducing inflammatory stress through NF-kB upregulation. Lipid-solubles from ginger and turmeric that may migrate to oil during heating prevent the hepatic inflammatory response triggered by heated oils in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Zarei
- Dept. of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India.
| | - Pooja Acharya
- Dept. of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India.
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355
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Systematic Review: Guideline-Based Approach for the Management of Asthma and Subtypes via Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4319657. [PMID: 33505494 PMCID: PMC7810530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4319657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic condition that results in the inflammation and narrowing of airways, often clinically presenting as wheeze and shortness of breath. Little is known of the mechanisms of action (MOA) of herbs used to treat asthma. The aim of this study is to review existing data regarding known MOA of traditional Chinese medicine which will aid in the understanding of possible interactions between Western drugs and Chinese herbs as well as the standardization of management via a proposed guideline to improve patient safety and possible synergism in the long term. Methods We searched through 5 databases for commonly prescribed herbs and formulas for asthma and narrowed down the search to identify the underlying MOA of individual herbs that could specifically target asthma symptoms. We included studies that stated the MOA of individual herbs when used for treating symptoms of asthma, excluding them if they are described as part of a formula. Results A total of 26 herbs commonly prescribed for asthma with known mechanism of action were identified. Herbs used for asthma were found to have similar MOA as that for drugs. Based on existing GINA guidelines, a guideline is proposed which includes a total of 5 steps depending on the severity of asthma and the herbs' MOA. 16 formulas were subsequently identified for the management of asthma, which consist of 12 “stand-alone” and 4 “add-on” formulas. “Stand-alone” formulas used independently for asthma generally follow the GINA guidelines but do not proceed beyond step 3. These formulas consist mainly of beta-agonist and steroid-like effects. “Add-on” formulas added as adjunct to “stand-alone” formulas, however, mainly act on T helper cells or have steroid-like effects. Conclusion Through the understanding of MOA of herbs and their respective formulas, it will ensue greater patient safety and outcomes.
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356
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Ooi SL, Campbell R, Pak SC, Golombick T, Manoharan A, Ramakrishna R, Badmaev V, Schloss J. Is 6-Shogaol an Effective Phytochemical for Patients With Lower-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome? A Narrative Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211065038. [PMID: 34930049 PMCID: PMC8728773 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211065038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) evolves due to genomic instability, dysregulated signaling pathways, and overproduction of inflammatory markers. Reactive oxygen species contribute to the inflammatory response, which causes gene damage, cellular remodeling, and fibrosis. MDS can be a debilitating condition, and management options in patients with MDS aim to improve cytopenias, delay disease progression, and enhance quality of life. High serum ferritin levels, a source of iron for reactive oxygen species production, correlate with a higher risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia, and iron overload is compounded by blood transfusions given to improve anemia. 6-shogaol is a natural phenolic compound formed when ginger is exposed to heat and/or acidic conditions, and it has been shown to possess anti-tumor activity against leukemia cell lines and antioxidant effects. This narrative review assessed the potential benefits of this phytochemical in lower-risk MDS patients through examining the current evidence on the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of ginger and 6-shogaol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ron Campbell
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst,
NSW, Australia
- The Oaks Medical Practice, The Oaks,
NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Arumugam Manoharan
- Southern Sydney Haematology, Kogarah,
NSW, Australia
- University of Wollongong Australia,
Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Raj Ramakrishna
- Southern Sydney Haematology, Kogarah,
NSW, Australia
- University of Wollongong Australia,
Wollongong NSW, Australia
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357
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Prabakaran S, Rajan M. The osteogenic and bacterial inhibition potential of natural and synthetic compound loaded metal–ceramic composite coated titanium implant for orthopedic applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Schematic illustration of the preparation, electrophoretic deposition, antibacterial and osteogenic bone regeneration abilities of the MHAP/ChN/GGe/GTN composite. Where, the green colored shape with red, yellow and blue spheres indicates the GGe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakani Prabakaran
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
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358
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Ahmed Mustafa Z, Hamed Ali R, Rostum Ali D, Abdulkarimi R, Abdulkareem NK, Akbari A. The combination of ginger powder and zinc supplement improves the fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats by modulating the hepatic expression of NF-κB, mTORC1, PPAR-α SREBP-1c, and Nrf2. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13546. [PMID: 33145794 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have shown that ginger, as an herbal remedy and zinc are able to improve inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and metabolism of lipid and glucose, their molecular mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of ginger with zinc supplement for eight weeks on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (MS). Ninety-six adult male Sprague Dawley rats (220 g ± 20) were randomly assigned to twelve controlled and treated groups. After the last treatment session, the level of lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, and leptin as metabolic factors and liver enzymes as biomarkers to evaluate liver function in serum were measured. The level of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation to evaluate the oxidative status and the TNF-α level as a biomarker to assess the state of inflammation in liver were also measured. The level of zinc along with the expression of NF-κB, mTORC1, PPAR-α, SREBP-1c, and Nrf2 in liver was also evaluated. The level of metabolic factors and liver enzymes in serum along with lipid peroxidation and TNF-α in liver increased; zinc and antioxidant enzymes levels decreased in rats with MS compared to control rats (p < .05). The hepatic expression of SREBP-1c, NF-κB and mTORC1 were upregulated and the expression of PPAR-α and Nrf2 were downregulated in rats with MS compared to control rats (p < .05). Treatment with different doses of ginger, zinc, and the combination of them could improve metabolic, inflammatory oxidative stress factors, and expression of the above genes in rats with MS compared to the MS group (p < .05). It can be concluded that ginger, zinc, and the combination of them could improve oxidative damage, inflammation, and autophagy induced by fructose and could adjust the glucose and lipid metabolism and the homeostasis of zinc in rats with MS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases, the use of plant compounds such as ginger has attracted widespread attention. Ginger as an herbal remedy with predominant pharmacological properties due to its availability, cheapness, and lack of side effects is also very popular for the treatment of metabolic disorders in folk medicine. Moreover, enhancing its medicinal properties with supplements such as zinc can be widely welcomed. This study was actually performed with the aim of investigating the effects of ginger + zinc supplement on MS. The results showed that the ginger + zinc supplement could improve oxidative damage, inflammation, and autophagy caused by fructose and adjust the glucose and lipid metabolism and the homeostasis of zinc in rats with MS. The results of this study support the hypothesis that ginger can be used as a very suitable option for the production of medicinal supplements to maintain human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Rojgar Hamed Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Dler Rostum Ali
- Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Rahim Abdulkarimi
- Independent Scholar, Department of Environment, Boukan, Iran
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nashwan K Abdulkareem
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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359
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Seibel R, Schneider RH, Gottlieb MGV. Effects of Spices (Saffron, Rosemary, Cinnamon, Turmeric and Ginger) in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:347-357. [PMID: 34279199 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210716122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia in the elderly, causing disability, physical, psychological, social, and economic damage to the individual, their families, and caregivers. Studies have shown some spices, such as saffron, rosemary, cinnamon, turmeric, and ginger, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that act in inhibiting the aggregation of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid in AD. For this reason, spices have been studied as beneficial sources against neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In this sense, this study aims to present a review of some spices (Saffron, Rosemary, Cinnamon, Turmeric and Ginger) and their bioactive compounds, most consumed and investigated in the world regarding AD. In this article, scientific evidence is compiled in clinical trials in adults, the elderly, animals, and in vitro, on properties considered neuroprotective, having no or negative effects on neuroprotection of these spices and their bioactive compounds. The importance of this issue is based on the pharmacological treatment for AD that is still not very effective. In addition, the recommendations and prescriptions of these spices are still permeated by questioning and lack of robust evidence of their effects on neurodegeneration. The literature search suggests all spices included in this article have bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions associated with neuroprotection. To date, the amounts of spice ingestion in humans are not uniform, and there is no consensus on its indication and chronic consumption guarantees safety and efficacy in neuroprotection. Therefore, clinical evidence on this topic is necessary to become a formal adjuvant treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Seibel
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo H Schneider
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Maria G V Gottlieb
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
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360
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El-Borm HT, Gobara MS, Badawy GM. Ginger extract attenuates labetalol induced apoptosis, DNA damage, histological and ultrastructural changes in the heart of rat fetuses. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:440-447. [PMID: 33424327 PMCID: PMC7783666 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Labetalol is a medication used to treat maternal hypertension during pregnancy. However, it is often associated with many side effects. Recently, several studies have been focused on the protective effect of medicinal plant extracts, such as ginger, against drugs inducing toxicity. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that ginger aqueous extraction can ameliorate labetalol-induced histological, ultrastructural changes, DNA damage, and apoptosis in fetal heart tissue. To achieve the aim of this study, sixty pregnant female albino rats were divided into 4 groups (15 each). Group I (Control). Group II received ginger (200 mg/kg). Group III received labetalol (300 mg/kg). Group IV received labetalol first followed by ginger. All groups were orally injected daily during the organogenesis phase of gestation i.e., from the 6th to the 15th day, and sacrificed at the 20th day of gestation. Results showed that labetalol-induced marked histological and ultrastructural alterations. Also, there was severe DNA damage and an increase in the apoptotic rates determined by Annexin-V/PI dual staining assay. Injection of the ginger aqueous extract caused evident improvement in cardiac tissue, DNA damage, and apoptotic rates. In conclusion, the results suggest that ginger extract could be a potential candidate agent for reducing labetalol-induced cardiotoxicity in the fetal heart of albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend T. El-Borm
- Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy and Embryology-Zoology Department-Faculty of Science-Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Marwa S. Gobara
- Zoology Department-Faculty of Science-Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Gamal M. Badawy
- Zoology Department-Faculty of Science-Menoufia University, Egypt
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361
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Investigation of the Synergistic Effect of Brown Sugar, Longan, Ginger, and Jujube (Brown Sugar Longan Ginger Tea) on Antioxidation and Anti-Inflammation in In Vitro Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3596085. [PMID: 33343673 PMCID: PMC7725565 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3596085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research unveils the synergistic effect of brown sugar, longan, ginger, and jujube on the beneficial effects of antioxidation and anti-inflammation. Longan, ginger, and jujube are ubiquitous herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and are frequently used in folk remedies. Longan and ginger have been reported to be beneficial for antioxidation, anti-inflammation, ant-obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) improvements. However, the potential scientific and medical benefits of their combination Brown Sugar Longan Ginger Tea (BSLGT), a popular drink in Chinese cultures, are elusive. Through the in vitro methodologies, we discovered that BSLGT could significantly improve the mitochondrial activity, antioxidant capacity, lipid content, and inflammatory response in human hepatocytes. In addition, BSLGT also exerted positive effects on the downregulation of atherosclerosis-associated, vasoconstrictor, and thrombosis-related gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In short, our experimental results successfully revealed that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of BSLGT may have the potential to improve liver metabolism and cardiovascular inflammation although solid evidence requires further investigation.
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362
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Mei-Yu S, Jia-Li W, Hai-Pei S, Hui Y, Pei-Dong C, Wei-Feng Y, Bei-Hua B, Li Z. Alternative processing technology for the preparation of carbonized Zingiberis Rhizoma by stir-frying with sand. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:131-137. [PMID: 31967911 PMCID: PMC7006685 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1711431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Context: Carbonized ginger, a type of charry herb, has been used as a hemostatic medicine since ancient times. However, there are some serious problems such as inhomogeneous heating and emitting smoke during processing with traditional stir-frying method.Objective: To investigate the feasibility to obtain carbonized ginger by stir-frying with sand instead of stir-frying method.Materials and methods: Dried-ginger (100 g) was processed by stir-frying for 30 min at 270 ± 10 °C, or by stir-frying with sand (1:10, w/w) for 8 min at 240 ± 5 °C. The HPLC fingerprint was established for two samples. The adsorption capacity and major components including tannins, gingerols, shogaols and gingerone were quantitated by UV and HPLC, respectively. The hemostatic effect by prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was evaluated in vitro.Results: The similarity of the two samples for HPLC fingerprints was >0.93. The sand-fried samples showed significantly higher adsorption capacity compared with the stir-fried samples (4.915 vs. 4.593 mg/g; p < 0.05) and higher contents of major components (4.698 vs. 3.930 mg/g, 1.352 vs. 1.144 mg/g, 2.419 vs. 2.095 mg/g, 0.666 vs. 0.568 mg/g and 1.083 vs. 0.911 mg/g for tannins, gingerone, 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol, respectively; p < 0.05); while no significant differences were seen for 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol (p > 0.05). The PT and APTT values were similar between the stir-fried and sand-fried test groups and significantly lower compared to controls (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The carbonizing process by stir-frying with sand is superior to the stir-frying method for carbonized ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Mei-Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Jia-Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Hai-Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Pei-Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wei-Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao Bei-Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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363
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Kiyama R. Nutritional implications of ginger: chemistry, biological activities and signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108486. [PMID: 32827666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used as a food, spice, supplement and flavoring agent and in traditional medicines due to its beneficial characteristics such as pungency, aroma, nutrients and pharmacological activity. Ginger and ginger extracts were reported to have numerous effects, such as those on diabetes and metabolic syndrome, cholesterol levels and lipid metabolism, and inflammation, revealed by epidemiological studies. To understand the beneficial characteristics of ginger, especially its physiological and pharmacological activities at the molecular level, the biological effects of ginger constituents, such as monoterpenes (cineole, citral, limonene and α/β-pinenes), sesquiterpenes (β-elemene, farnesene and zerumbone), phenolics (gingerols, [6]-shogaol, [6]-paradol and zingerone) and diarylheptanoids (curcumin), and the associated signaling pathways are summarized. Ginger constituents are involved in biological activities, such as apoptosis, cell cycle/DNA damage, chromatin/epigenetic regulation, cytoskeletal regulation and adhesion, immunology and inflammation, and neuroscience, and exert their effects through specific signaling pathways associated with cell functions/mechanisms such as autophagy, cellular metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase and other signaling, and development/differentiation. Estrogens, such as phytoestrogens, are one of the most important bioactive materials in nature, and the molecular mechanisms of estrogen actions and the assays to detect them have been discussed. The molecular mechanisms of estrogen actions induced by ginger constituents and related applications, such as the chemoprevention of cancers, and the improvement of menopausal syndromes, osteoporosis, endometriosis, prostatic hyperplasia, polycystic ovary syndrome and Alzheimer's disease, were summarized by a comprehensive search of references to understand more about their health benefits and associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo Univ., 2-3-1 Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan.
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364
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Ma ZJ, Wang HJ, Ma XJ, Li Y, Yang HJ, Li H, Su JR, Zhang CE, Huang LQ. Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function during alleviation of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with Rhizoma Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extract. Food Funct 2020; 11:10839-10851. [PMID: 33241234 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is typically mediated by antibiotic therapy, which has increased in prevalence in recent years. Previous studies have suggested that ginger, a common spice and herbal medicine, can modulate the composition of gut microbiota and is beneficial against gastrointestinal disease. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of fresh ginger extract on AAD in a rat model. Gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function were also studied. Ginger was administered to rats with AAD. Diarrhea symptoms were assessed, and 16s rRNA sequencing analysis of gut microbiota was performed. An AAD model was successfully established, and ginger was found to effectively ameliorate AAD-related diarrhea symptoms. After the intervention of ginger decoction, the diversity (rather than richness) of gut microbiota was significantly improved, and the gut microbiota recovery was accelerated. At the genus level, Escherichia_Shigella and Bacteroides levels decreased and increased the most, respectively. Additionally, these changes were demonstrated to be coincidental with the moderate restoration of intestinal barrier function, especially the restoration of tight junction protein ZO-1. Our data indicate that ginger could restore gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function during alleviation of AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Ma
- Center for Post-doctoral Research, Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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365
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Abdullahi A, Ahmad K, Ismail IS, Asib N, Ahmed OH, Abubakar AI, Siddiqui Y, Ismail MR. Potential of Using Ginger Essential Oils-Based Nanotechnology to Control Tropical Plant Diseases. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:515-535. [PMID: 33312089 PMCID: PMC7721540 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.05.2020.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have gained a renewed interest in many disciplines such as plant disease control and medicine. This review discusses the components of ginger EOs, their mode of action, and their potential nanotechnology applications in controlling tropical plant diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography, and headspace procedures are commonly used to detect and profile their chemical compositions EOs in ginger. The ginger EOs are composed of monoterpenes (transcaryophyllene, camphene, geranial, eucalyptol, and neral) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (α-zingiberene, ar-curcumene, β-bisabolene, and β-sesquiphellandrene). GC-MS analysis of the EOs revealed many compounds but few compounds were revealed using the headspace approach. The EOs have a wide range of activities against many phytopathogens. EOs mode of action affects both the pathogen cell's external envelope and internal structures. The problems associated with solubility and stability of EOs had prompted the use nanotechnology such as nanoemulsions. The use of nanoemulsion to increase efficiency and supply of EOs to control plant diseases control was discussed in this present paper. The findings of this review paper may accelerate the effective use of ginger EOs in controlling tropical plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Abdullahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoto State University, P.M.B 234, Birnin Kebbi Road, Sokoto State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khairulmazmi Ahmad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Institute of Plantation Studies (IKP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 300 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayu Asib
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Osumanu Haruna Ahmed
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Bintulu Campus Sarawak, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Institute of Ecosystem Science Borneo, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Bintulu Campus Sarawak, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 9008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Ismaila Abubakar
- Department of Integrated Science, School of Secondary Education (Science), Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi, P.M.B 3473, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Yasmeen Siddiqui
- Institute of Plantation Studies (IKP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Razi Ismail
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 300 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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366
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Antioxidant Properties of Soybean Oil Supplemented with Ginger and Turmeric Powders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soybean oil has been supplemented with 10% (w/w) of ginger and turmeric powders derived from commercial products (GC—commercial ginger and TC—commercial turmeric), freeze-dried rhizomes (freeze-dried ginger (GR) and freeze-dried turmeric rhizome—TR) and peels (freeze-dried ginger peel (GP) and freeze-dried turmeric peel—TP) for developing a functional seasoning with great lipid stability for human consumption. The exhausted ginger and turmeric powders were also recovered and recycled two times to promote a more sustainable process. The antioxidant activity and oxidative stability of oil samples were evaluated respectively by spectrophotometric and Rancimat methods. Folin–Ciocalteu assay and HPLC analysis were also performed to quantify total polyphenols, ginger-derived 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, and turmeric-derived curcumin. Their antioxidant activity as well as oxidative stability, which non-linearly decreased over cycles because of a strongly reduced phenolic extractability, linearly increased with increasing phenolic yields. Hence, ginger and turmeric can be proposed as healthy spices containing bioactive compounds to control lipid oxidation and improve oil stability. Moreover, the valorization of peels as eco-friendly source of natural antioxidants is a valid strategy for providing added-value to these agro-food wastes.
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367
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A potential treatment option for elderly non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients with multiple comorbidities: Two case reports and literature review. Explore (NY) 2020; 17:265-269. [PMID: 33132079 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous lymphoproliferative malignancy. More than half of the NHL cases occur in patients over 65 years of age. As elderly patients have a poor performance status and multiple comorbidities, the use of standard chemotherapy is often limited, leading to poor clinical outcomes and an increasing need for an alternate therapeutic modalities. A 73-year-old man was diagnosed with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma concurrently combined with recurrent gastric adenocarcinoma and metastatic prostate cancer. A 79-year-old woman was diagnosed with T-cell and B-cell dual-phenotype NHL on the right chest wall showing tumor thrombosis and multiple enlarged lymph nodes under chronic emphysema with extensive pleural calcification. Both elderly patients had multiple comorbidities and pathologically confirmed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Both patients achieved tumor responses following anticancer treatment with Korean medicine (KM), suggesting that the extracts of Angelica gigas Nakai and Geopungtang are potential options for treating NHL in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. Considering the clinical outcomes of KM treatment in the two elderly patients with NHL and multiple comorbidities, this study generates a research hypothesis for future prospective clinical studies in patients with NHL who are ineligible for conventional anticancer therapy.
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368
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Lee FY, Wong HS, Chan HK, Mohamed Ali N, Abu Hassan MR, Omar H, Abdul Mutalib NA. Hepatic adverse drug reactions in Malaysia: An 18-year review of the national centralized reporting system. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2020; 29:1669-1679. [PMID: 33064335 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the incidence, demographic profile, background of reporters, causative agents, severity and clinical outcomes of hepatic adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in Malaysia using the national ADR reporting database. METHODS The ADR reports recorded between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed to identify hepatic ADR reports. The trend and characteristics of hepatic ADR cases were described. Multivariate disproportionality analysis of the causative agents was performed to generate signals of hepatic ADRs. RESULTS A total of 2090 hepatic ADRs (1.77% of all ADRs) were reported with mortality rate of 12.7% among cases with known clinical outcomes. The incidence of hepatic ADR reporting in Malaysia increased significantly over 18 years from 0.26 to 9.45 per million population (P < .001). Antituberculosis drugs (n = 268, 12.82%) was the most common suspected class of causative agents with a reporting odds ratio (ROR) and 95% CI of 8.39 (7.26-9.70), followed by traditional/complementary medicines or herbal/dietary supplements (TCM/HDS) (n = 235, 11.24%, ROR 3.26 [2.84-3.75]), systemic antibacterials (n = 159, 7.61%, ROR 2.65 [2.25-3.13]), lipid modifying agents (n = 142, 6.79%, ROR 2.21 [1.86-2.63]) and amiodarone (n = 137, 6.56%, ROR 35.25 [28.40-43.75]). Most (72.9%) of the TCM/HDS were not registered with the authorities. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic ADR cases have increased significantly in Malaysia, with antituberculosis drugs, systemic antibacterials, and TCM/HDS being the most common causative agents reported. Most TCM/HDS reported to be associated with hepatic ADR were not registered with the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yee Lee
- Clinical Research Centre, Selayang Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hin-Seng Wong
- Clinical Research Centre, Selayang Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huan-Keat Chan
- Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Norleen Mohamed Ali
- Pharmacovigilance Section, Center For Post-Registration and Cosmetic Control, National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA), Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
- Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.,Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Haniza Omar
- Hepatology Department, Selayang Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Aliza Abdul Mutalib
- Hepatology Department, Selayang Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
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369
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Synergic Involvements of Microorganisms in the Biomedical Increase of Polyphenols and Flavonoids during the Fermentation of Ginger Juice. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8417693. [PMID: 33110428 PMCID: PMC7579675 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8417693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Steered fermentation by microorganisms gives great added value in the nutritional quality of local food. Ginger rhizome naturally contains a myriad of bioactive compounds including polyphenol and flavonoids. The aim of this work was to ferment the ginger juice, to evaluate the biochemical parameters of ginger wine, and to understand the involvement of microorganisms in the bioincrease of polyphenol compounds. Titratable acidity and pH values were determined and showed that pH is around 1.6 at the end of the fermentation when the acidity is around 6.431 g/L. Using colorimetric assay, the total polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds were evaluated throughout the fermentation. The variation of the polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations of the unsweetened sample was around 10.18 to 14.64 mg Eq AG/g and 1.394 to 2.224 mg Eq Cat/g Ms, but those from the sweet sample were around 10.82 to 18.34 mg Eq AG/g Ms and 1.311 to 2.290 mg Eq Cat/g. Using one-step PCR, multiplex techniques with specific primers, with yeast-like phenotype 27.27% (6), have been assigned among 22 isolates to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By using PCR multiplex techniques, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus safensis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been identified. Together with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we showed that Bacillus sp. are able to secrete enzymatic landscape with some activities up to 50% including cellulase, amylase, pectinase, and protease.
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370
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Bhaskar A, Kumari A, Singh M, Kumar S, Kumar S, Dabla A, Chaturvedi S, Yadav V, Chattopadhyay D, Prakash Dwivedi V. [6]-Gingerol exhibits potent anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity against tuberculosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106809. [PMID: 32693356 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The currently available anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) comprises exclusively of anti-bacterial drugs, is very lengthy, has adverse side effects on the host and leads to the generation of drug-resistant variants. Therefore, a combination therapy directed against the pathogen and the host is required to counter tuberculosis (TB). Here we demonstrate that [6]-Gingerol, one of the most potent and pharmacologically active ingredients of ginger restricted mycobacterial growth inside the lungs, spleen and liver of mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The spleen of [6]-Gingerol treated mice displayed increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced Th1/Th17 responses confirming the immunomodulatory action of [6]-Gingerol. Finally, [6]-Gingerol displayed an excellent potential as an adjunct drug, along with front line anti-TB drug isoniazid. Interestingly, [6]-Gingerol displayed stark anti-tubercular activity against dormant/starved bacilli and drug-resistant variants of Mtb. Taken together, these results indicate strong prospects of [6]-Gingerol as an adjunct anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhaskar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anjna Kumari
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Dabla
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, India
| | | | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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371
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Abo Mansour HE, El-Batsh MM, Badawy NS, Mehanna ET, Mesbah NM, Abo-Elmatty DM. Ginger Extract Loaded into Chitosan Nanoparticles Enhances Cytotoxicity and Reduces Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2347-2362. [PMID: 32972241 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1823436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of ginger extract (GE) loaded into chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in enhancing cytotoxicity and reducing cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DXN) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced mice. DXN and GE were loaded into CNPs and cytotoxicity of loaded and unloaded drugs against HepG2 cells was evaluated. HCC was induced in male albino mice by injection of diethylnitrosamine (DINA). Mice were divided into eight groups (n = 15): (1) normal control, (2) DINA, (3) CNPs, (4) free DXN, (5) CNPs DXN, (6) free GE, (7) CNPs GE, and (8) CNPs DXN + CNPs GE. Both GE and DXN loaded into CNPs showed a greater decline in cell viability of HepG2 cells than the unloaded forms. GE CNPs displayed pronounced anticancer activity In Vivo through apoptosis, greater down-regulation of multidrug resistance 1, enhancement of anti-oxidant activity and depletion of vascular endothelial growth factor content in liver tissues. GE CNPs in combination with DXN CNPs showed nearly normal hepatic lobule architecture and the greatest increase in apoptotic cell count. Co-treatment group had decreased cardiac malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α and serum activity of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Combination of GE CNPs and DXN CNPs might be a potentially effective therapeutic approach for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend E Abo Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Maha M El-Batsh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Nadia S Badawy
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Noha M Mesbah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dina M Abo-Elmatty
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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372
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Akamine LA, Vargas Medina DA, Lanças FM. Magnetic solid-phase extraction of gingerols in ginger containing products. Talanta 2020; 222:121683. [PMID: 33167289 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a graphene oxide/magnetite (GO-Fe3O4) nanocomposite was synthesized and used as a sorbent in the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of gingerols from fresh ginger rhizomes, ginger extracts, commercial tea samples, ginger candies, thermogenic supplements, and tonic water. An MSPE method was developed, and the main influencing parameters in the sample preparation process were investigated. After GO-Fe3O4 based MSPE, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The whole GO-Fe3O4-MSPE-LC-MS/MS method proved high selectivity and consistent analytical confidence. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged between 2 and 3 μg L-1. Intra-day and inter-day RSDs fluctuated between 1.7 - 13.4% and 0.4-10.9%, respectively. Weighted calibration revealed good linearity within the studied range (5-200 μg L-1) and guaranteed appropriate accuracy (relative residues < 25%). MSPE with GO-Fe3O4 demonstrated to be a practical, fast, efficient, high-throughput, and environmental-friendly sample preparation technique for determining of gingerols in commercial products, and its hyphenation with LC-MS/MS analysis yield a valuable analytical tool for the confident quality control of commercial ginger-containing products.
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373
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Qian S, Fang H, Zheng L, Liu M. Zingerone suppresses cell proliferation via inducing cellular apoptosis and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22611. [PMID: 32905641 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is both the foremost and second cause of cancer death in the male population. Patients with hormone-dependent PCa are initially sensitive to androgen-deprivation therapy, later the cancer progress to a hormone-independent state and fails to respond and progress to the metastatic stage, where the cells gain the ability to escape cell death and develop resistance to current therapies, thereby leading to migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer. Many clinical trials using nutraceuticals on cancer using human subjects have also been extensively studied, these studies confirm the efficacy of drugs tested in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Among various dietary phytochemicals, ginger is commonly used in the diet and possesses many active principles that act against cancer. Among various active principles, zingerone is a key active phenolic compound present in Zingiber officinale (Ginger), it has potent antioxidant property and it acts against carcinogens. The present study evaluated the efficacy of zingerone at different doses on the PCa cell line regarding apoptosis, upstream signing molecules such as Akt/mTOR, and migration metastasis. A cell viability assay using MTT was performed to estimate the percentage of viability of zingerone-treated PC-3 cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis induction in the zingerone-treated PC-3 cells were studied by using different fluorescence staining techniques. The expression patterns of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, and p-mTOR were investigated through the Western blot analysis assay. Zingerone induces apoptosis and alters Akt/mTOR molecules; it also inhibits cell adhesion and migration of PCa cells. From the present study, it is concluded that zingerone effectively induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer signaling, thereby acting as a potent drug against PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Qian
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine /Chongqing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiying Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine /Chongqing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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374
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Shahzad F, Anderson D, Najafzadeh M. The Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Natural Medicinal Herbs and Mushrooms and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2573. [PMID: 32854262 PMCID: PMC7551890 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, producing the disease COVID-19 is a pathogenic virus that targets mostly the human respiratory system and also other organs. SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans, however there have been previous outbreaks of different versions of the beta coronavirus including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV1) from 2002 to 2003 and the most recent Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) which was first identified in 2012. All of the above have been recognised as major pathogens that are a great threat to public health and global economies. Currently, no specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection has been identified; however, certain drugs have shown apparent efficacy in viral inhibition of the disease. Natural substances such as herbs and mushrooms have previously demonstrated both great antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, the possibilities of natural substances as effective treatments against COVID-19 may seem promising. One of the potential candidates against the SARS-CoV-2 virus may be Inonotus obliquus (IO), also known as chaga mushroom. IO commonly grows in Asia, Europe and North America and is widely used as a raw material in various medical conditions. In this review, we have evaluated the most effective herbs and mushrooms, in terms of the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects which have been assessed in laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mojgan Najafzadeh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (F.S.); (D.A.)
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375
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Heiat M, Hashemi-Aghdam MR, Heiat F, Rastegar Shariat Panahi M, Aghamollaei H, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Sathyapalan T, Ranjbar R, Sahebkar A. Integrative role of traditional and modern technologies to combat COVID-19. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:23-33. [PMID: 32703036 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1799784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the development of various branches of sciences, we will be able to resolve different clinical aspects of various diseases better. The convergence of these sciences can potentially tackle the new corona crisis. AREAS COVERED In this review, we attempted to explore and describe various scientific branches studying COVID-19. We have reviewed the literature focusing on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. The primary databases targeted were Science Direct, Scopus and PubMed. The most relevant reports from the recent two decades were collected utilizing keywords including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, COVID-19, epidemiology, therapeutics and diagnosis. EXPERT OPINION Based on this literature review, both traditional and emerging approaches are vital for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. The traditional sciences play an essential role in the preventive and supportive care of corona infection, and modern technologies appear to be useful in the development of precise diagnosis and powerful treatment approaches for this disease. Indeed, the integration of these sciences will help us to fight COVID-19 disease more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hashemi-Aghdam
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heiat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University , Fasa Branch, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA , Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad,Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI) , Lodz, Poland
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376
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Ghaeidamini Harouni M, Rahgozar S, Rahimi Babasheikhali S, Safavi A, Ghodousi ES. Fatty acid synthase, a novel poor prognostic factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia which can be targeted by ginger extract. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14072. [PMID: 32826925 PMCID: PMC7442786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of fatty acid synthesis is considered a hallmark characteristic of several malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To evaluate the impact of fatty acid synthase (FASN) on drug resistant ALL, bone marrow samples were collected from 65 pediatric ALLs, including 40 de novo and 25 relapsed patients. 22 non-cancer individuals were chosen as controls. Quantitative RT-PCR showed increased expression levels of FASN in drug resistant patients compared with the therapy responders. Single and combined treatment of malignant cells were analyzed using Annexin-V/PI double staining and MTT assays. Incubation of resistant primary cells with ginger showed simultaneous increased apoptosis rates and reduced FASN expression levels. Furthermore, docking studies demonstrated high affinity bindings between ginger derivatives and FASN thioesterase and ketosynthase domains, compared with their known inhibitors, fenofibrate and morin, respectively. Finally, combined treatment of in-house multidrug resistant T-ALL subline with ginger and dexamethasone induced drug sensitivity and down regulation of FASN expression, accordingly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces FASN upregulation as a poor prognostic factor for drug resistant childhood ALL. Moreover, it was revealed that FASN inhibition may be applied by ginger phytochemicals and overcome dexamethasone resistance, subsequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaeidamini Harouni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Rahimi Babasheikhali
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Safavi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Sadat Ghodousi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
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377
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Thota SM, Balan V, Sivaramakrishnan V. Natural products as home-based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3148-3167. [PMID: 32881214 PMCID: PMC7461159 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread across the globe affecting 213 countries or territories with greater than six million confirmed cases and about 0.37 million deaths, with World Health Organization categorizing it as a pandemic. Infected patients present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and critical cases show acute respiratory infection and multiple organ failure. Likelihood of these severe indications is further enhanced by age as well as underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular, or thoracic problems, as well as due to an immunocompromised state. Currently, curative drugs or vaccines are lacking, and the standard of care is limited to symptom management. Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. This review highlights the potential of these natural products to serve as home‐based, inexpensive, easily accessible, prophylactic agents against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Engineering Technology Department, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, Texas, USA
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378
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Jalali M, Mahmoodi M, Moosavian SP, Jalali R, Ferns G, Mosallanezhad A, Imanieh MH, Mosallanezhad Z. The effects of ginger supplementation on markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1723-1733. [PMID: 32147845 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of ginger supplementation on markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify relevant clinical trials evaluating the effects of ginger on serum CRP (C-reactive protein), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6 (interleukin-6), PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), and MDA (malondialdehyde) from inception up to September 2019. Mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random-effects model. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of funnel plot and Egger's weighted regression tests. After excluding irrelevant records, 20 full-text articles that included 25 separate studies were included to the meta-analysis. Pooled results of this study indicated a statistically significant effect of ginger on serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, TAC, and MDA levels following ginger supplementation in compared to the controls. Also, the effects of ginger on serum PGE2 was marginally significant. Moreover, the high heterogeneity was disappeared in subgroup analysis performed by age, duration, dosage, and quality. This current analysis indicates that ginger supplementation has a significant effects on serum inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ronak Jalali
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Mohammad Hadi Imanieh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mosallanezhad
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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379
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Bamidele OP, Emmambux MN. Encapsulation of bioactive compounds by “extrusion” technologies: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3100-3118. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun P. Bamidele
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
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380
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Samaddar A, Gadepalli R, Nag VL, Misra S. The Enigma of Low COVID-19 Fatality Rate in India. Front Genet 2020; 11:854. [PMID: 32849833 PMCID: PMC7399343 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute onset pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into a pandemic. Though its origin has been linked to the Wuhan City of China's Hubei Province in December 2019, recent reports claim that the original animal-to-human transmission of the virus probably happened sometime between September and October 2019 in Guangdong Province, rather than Hubei. As of July 3, 2020, India has reported a case positivity rate of 6.5% and a fatality rate of 2.8%, which are among the lowest in the world. Also, the severity of the disease is much less among Indians as evidenced by the low rate of ICU admission (15.3%) and the need for mechanical ventilation (4.16%). As per the World Health Organization (WHO) situation report 165 on July 3, 2020, India has one of the lowest deaths per 100,000 population (1.32 deaths against a global average of 6.04). Several factors related to the pathogen, host and environment might have some role in reducing the susceptibility of Indians to COVID-19. These include some ongoing mutations that can alter the virulence of the circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains, host factors like innate immunity, genetic diversity in immune responses, epigenetic factors, genetic polymorphisms of ACE2 receptors, micro RNAs and universal BCG vaccination, and environmental factors like high temperature and humidity which may alter the viability and transmissibility of the strain. This perspective -highlights the potential factors that might be responsible for the observed low COVID-19 fatality rate in Indian population. It puts forward several hypotheses which can be a ground for future studies determining individual and population susceptibility to COVID-19 and thus, may offer a new dimension to our current understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghadip Samaddar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Ravisekhar Gadepalli
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Nag
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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381
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Wattanathorn J, Palachai N, Thukham-mee W, Muchimapura S. Memory-Enhancing Effect of a Phytosome Containing the Combined Extract of Mulberry Fruit and Ginger in an Animal Model of Ischemic Stroke with Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3096826. [PMID: 32802263 PMCID: PMC7411500 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3096826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia following cerebral ischemia in metabolic syndrome (MetS) condition is increasing, and most of the cases are often severe. Unfortunately, no effective strategy for treating this condition is available. Based on the positive modulation effect of a polyphenol-rich substance on dementia and the improvement in bioavailability and stability of polyphenols induced by the phytosome technique together with the use of the synergistic concept, we hypothesized that a phytosome containing the combined extract of mulberry fruit and ginger (PMG) should mitigate dementia and memory impairment following ischemic stroke in MetS. MetS was induced in male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g by exposure to a 16-week feeding period of high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet. MetS rats were orally given PMG at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg·kg-1 BW 21 days before and 21 days after the occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (Rt. MCAO). Then, their spatial memory was determined and the possible underlying mechanisms explored via the alterations of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neuron density, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and signal transduction via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in both the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. It was found that PMG significantly enhanced memory. It also decreased AChE, IL-6, and MDA but increased SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, neuron density, and phosphorylation of ERK. These data suggested the cognitive enhancing effect of PMG. The possible underlying mechanisms might occur partly via the improvement of cholinergic function via the ERK pathway together with the decrease in neurodegeneration induced by the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, a subchronic toxicity study is also required to assure the safety of PMG consumption before moving forward to a clinical trial study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Nut Palachai
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Wipawee Thukham-mee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Supaporn Muchimapura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
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382
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Shukurova MK, Asikin Y, Chen Y, Kusano M, Watanabe KN. Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in Wild Indigenous Medicinal Ginger ( Zingiber barbatum Wall.) from Myanmar. Metabolites 2020; 10:E248. [PMID: 32549365 PMCID: PMC7344531 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) strongly depend on the plant species and are differently represented in specific taxa. VOCs have a degree of chemical diversity and also can serve as chemotaxonomic markers. Zingiber barbatum Wall. is a wild medicinal ginger plant endemic to Myanmar whose VOC composition has never been screened before. In this study, we screened the rhizome of Z. barbatum to identify the VOC composition by the application of gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). The resulting VOC profile of Z. barbatum showed that it consists mainly of monoterpenes (21%) and sesquiterpenes (30%). Intraspecific similarities and dissimilarities were found to exist between Z. barbatum genotypes in terms of VOC composition. Four accessions (ZO191, ZO223, ZO217, and the control accession ZO105) collected from the Shan State and Mandalay region of Myanmar were found to share a similar VOC profile, while two accessions (ZO64 and ZO160) collected from the Bago region were found to vary in their VOC profiles compared with the control accession. The two identified compounds, i.e., α-bergamotene and β-(E)-guaiene may serve as discriminative chemical markers for the characterization of Z. barbatum species collected in these three geographical regions of Myanmar. This study represents a first attempt to identify and describe the VOCs in the medicinal species Z. barbatum that have not been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musavvara Kh. Shukurova
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;
| | - Yonathan Asikin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Yanhang Chen
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; (M.K.); (K.N.W.)
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo N. Watanabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; (M.K.); (K.N.W.)
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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383
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6-Gingerol delays tumorigenesis in benzo[a]pyrene and dextran sulphate sodium-induced colorectal cancer in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111483. [PMID: 32512025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been linked to dietary consumption of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). 6-Gingerol (6-G), a component of ginger has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but little is known regarding the mechanism of 6-G in CRC chemoprevention. We therefore investigated the effect of 6-G on B[a]P. and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced CRC in mice. Mice in Group I and Group II received corn oil and 6-G orally at 2 ml/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively for 126 days. Group III were administered 125 mg/kg of B[a]P for 5 days followed by 3 cycles of 4% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Group IV received 6-G for 7 days followed by co-administration with 125 mg/kg of B[a]P. for 5 days and 3 cycles of 4% DSS. Tumor formation was reduced and expression of Ki-67, WNT3a, DVL-2 and β-catenin following 6-G exposure. Also, 6-G increases expression of APC, P53, TUNEL positive nuclei and subsequently decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, INOS, COX-2 and cyclin D1. 6-G inhibited angiogenesis by decreasing the concentration of VEGF, Angiopoietin-1, FGF and GDF-15 in the colon of B[a]P. and DSS exposed mice. Overall, 6-G attenuated B[a]P and DSS-induced CRC in mice via anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms.
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384
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Shang A, Gan RY, Xu XY, Mao QQ, Zhang PZ, Li HB. Effects and mechanisms of edible and medicinal plants on obesity: an updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2061-2077. [PMID: 32462901 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1769548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, obesity has become a global public health issue. It is closely associated with the occurrence of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Some edible and medicinal plants show anti-obesity activity, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, legumes, edible flowers, mushrooms, and medicinal plants. Numerous studies have indicated that these plants are potential candidates for the prevention and management of obesity. The major anti-obesity mechanisms of plants include suppressing appetite, reducing the absorption of lipids and carbohydrates, inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, regulating lipid metabolism, increasing energy expenditure, regulating gut microbiota, and improving obesity-related inflammation. In this review, the anti-obesity activity of edible and medicinal plants was summarized based on epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with related mechanisms discussed, which provided the basis for the research and development of slimming products. Further studies should focus on the exploration of safer plants with anti-obesity activity and the identification of specific anti-obesity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center (NASC), Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pang-Zhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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385
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Ji W, Zhang Q, Shi H, Dong R, Ge D, Du X, Ren B, Wang X, Wang Q. The mediatory role of Majie cataplasm on inflammation of allergic asthma through transcription factors related to Th1 and Th2. Chin Med 2020; 15:53. [PMID: 32489402 PMCID: PMC7247251 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma, a common respiratory disease, is harmful biological effect to our health. As a traditional Chinese medicine for asthma, Majie cataplasm could alleviate the symptoms of asthma and its compositions have immunomodulatory effects. Previous experiments showed that Majie cataplasm was an effective approach to mitigate asthma airway remodeling and had the potential to regulate Th2 cytokines of IL-5 and IL-13. Therefore, our further research focuses on the explanation about the regulatory effect of Majie cataplasm on reshaping Th1/Th2 through their related transcription factors. Methods In this experiment, the launch of asthma model was made by inducing with Ovalbumin (OVA) in C57 mice (n = 40), including 4 groups: the untreated control group (n = 10), the asthma model group (n = 10), the dexamethasone group (n = 10) and the Majie cataplasm group (n = 10). After the intervention, all groups of animals got detected for serum IgE levels, and HE staining of lung tissues was to observe and examine pathological changes. Meanwhile, we analyzed the secretion of IL-4+ T cells and IFN-γ+ T cells in spleen by flow cytometry. The expressions of transcription factor STAT6 mRNA, GATA-3 mRNA and T-bet mRNA in lung tissues was tested by PCR, and western blot had been used to detect levels of JAK2 and STAT3. Results We found that Majie cataplasm eased the content of serum IgE and lung inflammation. It could lower the increased number of IL-4+ T cells and IFN-γ+ T cells (P < 0.0001, P < 0.01) in asthmatic mice and curb the expression of STAT6 mRNA and GATA-3 (P < 0.0001, P < 0.01) mRNA as well as the protein levels of JAK2 (P < 0.001) and the ratio of pSTAT3/STAT3 (P < 0.05). Besides, Majie cataplasm made its mark on T-bet mRNA by improving it (P < 0.0001). Conclusion These data suggest that Majie cataplasm exert an anti-inflammatory effect of Th2 by rebalancing Th1/Th2 through corresponding transcription factor STAT6, GATA-3, STAT3, and T-bet, which providing a strong cornerstone for asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ji
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Hanfen Shi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Ruijuan Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xin Du
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Beida Ren
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
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386
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Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some essential oils against multidrug resistant bacteria. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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387
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Eid AM, Jaradat N. Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Herbal Remedies Used During Pregnancy and Lactation in West Bank Palestine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:46. [PMID: 32116721 PMCID: PMC7034419 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal products by pregnant and lactating mothers without awareness of their harmful effects may expose both mother and fetus or infant to great dangers, such as abortion, premature delivery, uterine bleeding, and physical and mental retardation of the fetus. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which herbal product treatment is used and the reason for which such products are used and to ensure that these reasons are correct. An ethnopharmacological survey (cross-sectional observational design study) using a pre-piloted questionnaire was undertaken on herbal products used by pregnant and lactating women in the West Bank area of Palestine. A questionnaire was distributed to 350 pregnant and lactating women. The informed consent forms, ethics, and aims of the present study were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at An-Najah National University. To identify the most important species used, the use value (UV) index was employed, while the SPSS program was used to analyze the data. Collected data revealed that 13 medicinal plants are utilized, while 12 plants are not used during pregnancy. Moreover, 15 plants are utilized and 9 plants are not used during lactation for treating and dealing with various problems. The most commonly used plants belonged to 14 families, including Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Leguminosae, and Rubiaceae. The plants most used during pregnancy were sage (Salvia fruticosa), anise (Pimpinella anisum), and peppermint (Mentha × piperita). Castor (Ricinus communis) oil, ginger (Zingiber officinale), saffron (Crocus sativus), and senna (Senna alexandrina) mostly were not used by pregnant women. Moreover, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), anise (P. anisum), peppermint (M. piperita), and sage (S. fruticosa) were mostly used during lactation. Castor (R. communis) oil, ginger (Z. officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), and aloe (Aloe vera) mostly were not used during lactation. This study is of great importance in order to decrease the possibility of endangering the lives of fetuses and infants. A combined effort among researchers, scientists, lactating women, and pregnant women may help in changing wrong uses and thoughts about medicinal plants and help to improve the overall health of both mother and fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Eid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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388
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Anh NH, Kim SJ, Long NP, Min JE, Yoon YC, Lee EG, Kim M, Kim TJ, Yang YY, Son EY, Yoon SJ, Diem NC, Kim HM, Kwon SW. Ginger on Human Health: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of 109 Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020; 12:E157. [PMID: 31935866 PMCID: PMC7019938 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical applications of ginger with an expectation of clinical benefits are receiving significant attention. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion in terms of the clinical effects of ginger in all reported areas. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline, randomized controlled trials on the effects of ginger were investigated. Accordingly, 109 eligible papers were fully extracted in terms of study design, population characteristics, evaluation systems, adverse effects, and main outcomes. The reporting quality of the included studies was assessed based on the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials and integrated together with studies that investigated the same subjects. The included studies that examined the improvement of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, inflammation, metabolic syndromes, digestive function, and colorectal cancer's markers were consistently supported, whereas other expected functions were relatively controversial. Nevertheless, only 43 clinical trials (39.4%) met the criterion of having a 'high quality of evidence.' In addition to the quality assessment result, small populations and unstandardized evaluation systems were the observed shortcomings in ginger clinical trials. Further studies with adequate designs are warranted to validate the reported clinical functions of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Jung Eun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Young Cheol Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Eun Goo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Mina Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Tae Joon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Yoon Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Eui Young Son
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Nguyen Co Diem
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam;
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
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389
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Rasheed N. Ginger and its active constituents as therapeutic agents: Recent perspectives with molecular evidences. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2020; 14:1-3. [PMID: 33192225 PMCID: PMC7644455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia,
Address for correspondence: Dr. Naila Rasheed, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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390
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Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang Y. Research Progress on Chemical Constituents of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5370823. [PMID: 31930125 PMCID: PMC6942719 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5370823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe is commonly used in food and pharmaceutical products but can also be used in cosmetics and daily necessities. In recent years, many scholars have studied the chemical composition of Zingiber officinale Roscoe; therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively summarize the chemical composition of Zingiber officinale Roscoe in one article. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the chemical constituents of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The results show that Zingiber officinale Roscoe contains 194 types of volatile oils, 85 types of gingerol, and 28 types of diarylheptanoid compounds, which can lay a foundation for further applications of Zingiber officinale Roscoe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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391
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Phytofabrication of Nanoparticles as Novel Drugs for Anticancer Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234246. [PMID: 31766544 PMCID: PMC6930546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death globally and also the major stumbling block of increasing life expectancy. Although the primary treatment of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have greatly reduced the mortality of cancer, the survival rate is still low because of the metastasis of tumor, a range of adverse drug reactions, and drug resistance. For all this, it is relevant to mention that a growing amount of research has shown the anticarcinogenic effect of phytochemicals which can modulate the molecular pathways and cellular events include apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, their pharmacological potential is hindered by their low water solubility, low stability, poor absorption, and rapid metabolism. In this scenario, the development of nanotechnology has created novel formulations to maximize the potential use of phytochemicals in anticancer treatment. Nanocarriers can enhance the solubility and stability of phytochemicals, prolong their half-life in blood and even achieve site-targeting delivery. This review summarizes the advances in utilizing nanoparticles in cancer therapy. In particular, we introduce several applications of nanoparticles combined with apigenin, resveratrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 6-gingerol, and quercetin in cancer treatment.
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392
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Anti-Inflammatory Diets and Fatigue. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102315. [PMID: 31574939 PMCID: PMC6835556 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data indicates a link between a pro-inflammatory status and occurrence of chronic disease-related fatigue. The questions are whether the observed inflammatory profile can be (a) improved by anti-inflammatory diets, and (b) if this improvement can in turn be translated into a significant fatigue reduction. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate the effect of anti-inflammatory nutrients, foods, and diets on inflammatory markers and fatigue in various patient populations. Next to observational and epidemiological studies, a total of 21 human trials have been evaluated in this work. Current available research is indicative, rather than evident, regarding the effectiveness of individuals’ use of single nutrients with anti-inflammatory and fatigue-reducing effects. In contrast, clinical studies demonstrate that a balanced diet with whole grains high in fibers, polyphenol-rich vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acid-rich foods might be able to improve disease-related fatigue symptoms. Nonetheless, further research is needed to clarify conflicting results in the literature and substantiate the promising results from human trials on fatigue.
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393
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Li BY, Xu XY, Gan RY, Sun QC, Meng JM, Shang A, Mao QQ, Li HB. Targeting Gut Microbiota for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus by Dietary Natural Products. Foods 2019; 8:E440. [PMID: 31557941 PMCID: PMC6835620 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest public health concerns worldwide, which includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other rare forms of diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence has revealed that intestinal microbiota is closely associated with the initiation and progression of diabetes mellitus. In addition, various dietary natural products and their bioactive components have exhibited anti-diabetic activity by modulating intestinal microbiota. This review addresses the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes mellitus, and discusses the effects of natural products on diabetes mellitus and its complications by modulating gut microbiota, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action. It is hoped that this review paper can be helpful for better understanding of the relationships among natural products, gut microbiota, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Quan-Cai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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394
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Effect of 6-Shogaol on the Glucose Uptake and Survival of HT1080 Fibrosarcoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030131. [PMID: 31505728 PMCID: PMC6789756 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger is a plant that is native to southern China. In the last decade and research on the components of ginger has significantly increased; of these components, 6-shogaol exhibits the greatest potential antitumor capacity. However, the molecular mechanism through which 6-shogaol exerts its effects has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the effect of 6-shogaol on tumor cells that were derived from human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) was evaluated. Cell viability was determined by a (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT assay testing different concentrations of 6-shogaol (2.5–150 μM). Subsequently, the effect of 6-shogaol on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glucose uptake, and protein expression of the signaling pathway phosphatase and tensin homolog/ protein kinase B /mammalian target of rapamycin (PTEN/Akt/mTOR) was measured. 6-Shogaol reduced the viability of the tumor cells and caused an increase in ROS production, which was attenuated with the addition of N-acetylcysteine, and the recovery of cell viability was observed. The increase in ROS production in response to 6-shogaol was associated with cell death. Similarly, glucose uptake decreased with incremental concentrations of 6-shogaol, and an increase in the expression of mTOR-p and Akt-p proteins was observed; PTEN was active in all the treatments with 6-shogaol. Thus, the results suggest that cells activate uncontrolled signaling pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR, among other alternative mechanisms of metabolic modulation and of survival in order to counteract the pro-oxidant effect of 6-shogaol and the decrease in glucose uptake. Interestingly, a differential response was observed when non-cancerous cells were treated with 6-shogaol.
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