351
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Chen H, Cong Q, Du Z, Liao W, Zhang L, Yao Y, Ding K. Sulfated fucoidan FP08S2 inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vivo by disrupting angiogenesis via targeting VEGFR2/VEGF and blocking VEGFR2/Erk/VEGF signaling. Cancer Lett 2016; 382:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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352
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Lim SJ, Wan Aida WM, Maskat MY, Latip J, Badri KH, Hassan O, Yamin BM. Characterisation of fucoidan extracted from Malaysian Sargassum binderi. Food Chem 2016; 209:267-73. [PMID: 27173562 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a sulphated polysaccharide that consists mainly of fucose, normally found in brown seaweeds. In this study, fucoidan was extracted from Sargassum binderi (Fsar) from Malaysia and subsequently characterised. The chemical characteristics of Fsar were found to be different than those of commercial food grade fucoidan (Fysk) and those of previously studied fucoidans. NMR analysis proposed that the main structure of Fsar is →3)fuc-2-OSO3(-)(1→3)fuc(1→. The molecular weight (47.87kDa) and degree of sulphation (0.20) of Fsar were higher than those of Fysk, at 27.98kDa and 0.15, respectively. However, Fsar's polydispersity index (1.12) and fucose content (34.50%) were lower than those of Fysk, at 1.88 and 43.30%, respectively. Both Fsar and Fysk showed similar thermo-gravimetric properties with four mass losses, amorphous in nature and negative optical rotations. Results show that Fsar has fundamental characteristics of fucoidan with different structural conformation i.e. variation in glycosidic linkages and sulphate group orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Joe Lim
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Mustapha Wan Aida
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Yusof Maskat
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jalifah Latip
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Khairiah Haji Badri
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Osman Hassan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Bohari M Yamin
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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353
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Somasundaram SN, Shanmugam S, Subramanian B, Jaganathan R. Cytotoxic effect of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum cinereum on colon cancer cell line HCT-15. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:1215-23. [PMID: 27370748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity against HCT-15 of fucoidan from Sargassum cinereum. Purification of fucoidan was done by DEAE cellulose and dialysis. Physicochemical characterization of fucoidan was analysed by calorimetric assay, FT-IR, HPLC and NMR. The extracted fucoidan contains 65.753% of fucose and 3.7±1.54% of sulphate respectively. HPLC results showed that the fucoidan contains the monosaccharide composition such as fucose, galactose, mannose and xylose. Antioxidant effect of fucoidan in Sargassum Cinereum was determined by DPPH. The maximum DPPH activity was found at the concentration of 100μg, where as the crude extract showed the scavenging activity was 63.58±0.56%. Cytotoxicity effect was done by MTT assay. Fucoidan extract caused about 50% of cell death after 24h of incubation with 75±0.9037μg/ml against HCT-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankara Narayani Somasundaram
- Department of Marine Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanan Shanmugam
- Department of Marine Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Bharathiraja Subramanian
- Department of Marine Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ravindran Jaganathan
- Pathology Discipline, Laboratory based Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Malaysia.
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354
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Yuguchi Y, Tran VTT, Bui LM, Takebe S, Suzuki S, Nakajima N, Kitamura S, Thanh TTT. Primary structure, conformation in aqueous solution, and intestinal immunomodulating activity of fucoidan from two brown seaweed species Sargassum crassifolium and Padina australis. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:69-78. [PMID: 27178910 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the structure of fucoidans extracted from two brown seaweed species, Sargassum crassifolium and Padina australis, and their intestinal immunomodulating activity via Peyer's patch cells of C3H/HeJ mice. ESI-MS analysis indicated that the dominant structure of both fucoidans has a backbone of α-(1→4)-linked and α-(1→3)-linked l-fucose residues and sulfate groups are attached at the C-2 and C-4 positions; branches of fucoidan from S. crassifolium are galactose residues with (1→4)- linkage and branching points are at C-4 of fucose, while fucoidan from P. australis, branches are sulfated galactose-fucose disaccharides and sulfated galactose monosaccharides attached to the main chain through (1→3)- or (1→4)- linkages. According to small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements, the two fucoidans have a branched structure. We simulated them with molecular models based on our proposed primary structure. These fucoidan samples have the ability to stimulate intestinal immunological activity via Peyer's patch cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yuguchi
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan
| | - Van Thi Thanh Tran
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam
| | - Ly Minh Bui
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam
| | - Shizuka Takebe
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Nakajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kitamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Thanh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam.
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355
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Saravana PS, Cho YJ, Park YB, Woo HC, Chun BS. Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:518-525. [PMID: 27561524 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). Compositional analysis, FT-IR, molecular weight, monosaccharides, TGA, UV-vis, XRD, and elemental analysis confirm that extracted polysaccharides revealed the features of fucoidan. Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. All CF showed antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH radical and ABTS(+) radical scavenging. CF demonstrates good emulsion-stabilizing capacities, especially with vegetable oils. This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periaswamy Sivagnanam Saravana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Namgu, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Namgu, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-ro, Namgu, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Chul Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-ro, Namgu, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Namgu, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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356
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Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel augments the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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357
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Chollet L, Saboural P, Chauvierre C, Villemin JN, Letourneur D, Chaubet F. Fucoidans in Nanomedicine. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E145. [PMID: 27483292 PMCID: PMC4999906 DOI: 10.3390/md14080145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are widespread cost-effective sulfated marine polysaccharides which have raised interest in the scientific community over last decades for their wide spectrum of bioactivities. Unsurprisingly, nanomedicine has grasped these compounds to develop innovative therapeutic and diagnostic nanosystems. The applications of fucoidans in nanomedicine as imaging agents, drug carriers or for their intrinsic properties are reviewed here after a short presentation of the main structural data and biological properties of fucoidans. The origin and the physicochemical specifications of fucoidans are summarized in order to discuss the strategy of fucoidan-containing nanosystems in Human health. Currently, there is a need for reproducible, well characterized fucoidan fractions to ensure significant progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Chollet
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
- Algues & Mer, Kernigou, F-29242 Ouessant, France.
| | - Pierre Saboural
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | - Cédric Chauvierre
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | | | - Didier Letourneur
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | - Frédéric Chaubet
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
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358
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Yuguchi Y, Ly BM, Van Nguyen B, Van TTT, Thuy TTT. Study on Branched Structure–Physiological Activity Relationship of Fucoidan. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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359
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Sun C, Fu GY, Zhang CY, Hu J, Xu L, Wang RJ, Su Y, Han SB, Yu XY, Cheng H, Zhang XQ, Huo YY, Xu XW, Wu M. Isolation and Complete Genome Sequence of Algibacter alginolytica sp. nov., a Novel Seaweed-Degrading Bacteroidetes Bacterium with Diverse Putative Polysaccharide Utilization Loci. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2975-2987. [PMID: 26969704 PMCID: PMC4959061 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00204-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the phylum Bacteroidetes are recognized as some of the most important specialists for the degradation of polysaccharides. However, in contrast to research on Bacteroidetes in the human gut, research on polysaccharide degradation by marine Bacteroidetes is still rare. The genus Algibacter belongs to the Flavobacteriaceae family of the Bacteroidetes, and most species in this genus are isolated from or near the habitat of algae, indicating a preference for the complex polysaccharides of algae. In this work, a novel brown-seaweed-degrading strain designated HZ22 was isolated from the surface of a brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica). On the basis of its physiological, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain HZ22 represents a novel species in the genus Algibacter with the proposed name Algibacter alginolytica sp. nov. The genome of strain HZ22, the type strain of this species, harbors 3,371 coding sequences (CDSs) and 255 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), including 104 glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and 18 polysaccharide lyases (PLs); this appears to be the highest proportion of CAZymes (∼7.5%) among the reported strains in the class Flavobacteria Seventeen polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) are predicted to be specific for marine polysaccharides, especially algal polysaccharides from red, green, and brown seaweeds. In particular, PUL N is predicted to be specific for alginate. Taking these findings together with the results of assays of crude alginate lyases, we prove that strain HZ22(T) can completely degrade alginate. This work reveals that strain HZ22(T) has good potential for the degradation of algal polysaccharides and that the structure and related mechanism of PUL in strain HZ22(T) are worth further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge-Yi Fu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ya Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jun Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Su
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Bo Han
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Linan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yi Huo
- Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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360
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Comprehensive interrogation of electrochemical reaction and energy conversion of a direct fucose fuel cell. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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361
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Zayed A, Muffler K, Hahn T, Rupp S, Finkelmeier D, Burger-Kentischer A, Ulber R. Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus Purified by Dye Affinity Chromatography. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E79. [PMID: 27092514 PMCID: PMC4849083 DOI: 10.3390/md14040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study concerning the physicochemical, monomeric composition and biological characters among different fucoidan fractions is presented. Common purification techniques for fucoidan usually involve many steps. During these steps, the important structural features might be affected and consequently alter its biological activities. Three purified fractions were derived from Fucus vesiculosus water extract which, afterwards, were purified by a recently-developed dye affinity chromatography protocol. This protocol is based on dye-sulfated polysaccharide interactions. The first two fractions were obtained from crude precipitated fucoidan at different pH values of the adsorption phase: pH 1 and 6. This procedure resulted in fucoidan_1 and 6 fractions. The other, third, fraction: fucoidan_M, however, was obtained from a buffered crude extract at pH 1, eliminating the ethanol precipitation step. All of the three fractions were then further evaluated. Results revealed that fucoidan_M showed the highest sulfur content (S%), 12.11%, with the lowest average molecular weight, 48 kDa. Fucose, galactose, and uronic acid/glucose dimers were detected in all fractions, although, xylose was only detected in fucoidan_1 and 6. In a concentration of 10 µg·mL(-1), Fucoidan_6 showed the highest heparin-like anticoagulant activity and could prolong the APTT and TT significantly to 66.03 ± 2.93 and 75.36 ± 1.37 s, respectively. In addition, fucoidan_M demonstrated the highest potency against HSV-1 with an IC50 of 2.41 µg·mL(-1). The technique proved to be a candidate for fucoidan purifaction from its crude extract removing the precipitation step from common purification protocols and produced different fucoidan qualities resulted from the different incubation conditions with the immobilized thiazine toluidine blue O dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, College of Pharmacy, El Guish Street, 8130 Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Kai Muffler
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Berlinstraße 109, 55411 Bingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hahn
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Steffen Rupp
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Doris Finkelmeier
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Anke Burger-Kentischer
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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362
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Lim SJ, Mustapha WAW, Maskat MY, Latip J, Badri KH, Hassan O. Chemical properties and toxicology studies of fucoidan extracted from Malaysian Sargassum binderi. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:23-29. [PMID: 30263482 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that consists mainly of fucose and is found in brown seaweeds. In this study, fucoidan was extracted from Sargassum binderi (Fsar) from Malaysia and subsequently characterized in terms of composition, structure and toxicology. It was found that the molecular weight, polydispersity index, monosaccharide profile and degree of sulfation of Fsar differed from those of commercial food-grade fucoidan (Fysk). NMR analysis suggested that the main structure of Fsar was →3)fuc-2-OSO3 -(1→3)fuc-2-OSO3 -(1→. A cytotoxicity study employing up to 200 mg/mL Sargassum binderi extract showed that cell inhibition was less than 50% (IC50), while acute toxicity results classified S. binderi as category 5 (unclassified) according to the OECD Guideline 423, as no mortality was observed at the highest dosage (2,000 mg/kg). Both toxicity results showed that this material is safe to be consumed. The chemical characteristics and non-toxicity of Fsar demonstrate its potential in biological and food product applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Joe Lim
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Aida Wan Mustapha
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Yusof Maskat
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jalifah Latip
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairiah Haji Badri
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Osman Hassan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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363
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Wang YY, Zhao R, Zhe H. The emerging role of CaMKII in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11725-34. [PMID: 25961153 PMCID: PMC4494900 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinases best known for its critical role in learning and memory. Recent studies suggested that high levels of CaMKII also expressed in variety of malignant diseases. In this review, we focus on the structure and biology properties of CaMKII, including the role of CaMKII in the regulation of cancer progression and therapy response. We also describe the role of CaMKII in the diagnosis of different kinds of cancer and recent progress in the development of CaMKII inhibitors. These data establishes CaMKII as a novel target whose modulation presents new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hong Zhe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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364
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Collins KG, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C, Ross RP. Looking Beyond the Terrestrial: The Potential of Seaweed Derived Bioactives to Treat Non-Communicable Diseases. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E60. [PMID: 26999166 PMCID: PMC4820313 DOI: 10.3390/md14030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a large and diverse group of marine organisms that are commonly found in the maritime regions of the world. They are an excellent source of biologically active secondary metabolites and have been shown to exhibit a wide range of therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. Several Asian cultures have a strong tradition of using different varieties of seaweed extensively in cooking as well as in herbal medicines preparations. As such, seaweeds have been used to treat a wide variety of health conditions such as cancer, digestive problems, and renal disorders. Today, increasing numbers of people are adopting a "westernised lifestyle" characterised by low levels of physical exercise and excessive calorific and saturated fat intake. This has led to an increase in numbers of chronic Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus, being reported. Recently, NCDs have replaced communicable infectious diseases as the number one cause of human mortality. Current medical treatments for NCDs rely mainly on drugs that have been obtained from the terrestrial regions of the world, with the oceans and seas remaining largely an untapped reservoir for exploration. This review focuses on the potential of using seaweed derived bioactives including polysaccharides, antioxidants and fatty acids, amongst others, to treat chronic NCDs such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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365
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Hifney AF, Fawzy MA, Abdel-Gawad KM, Gomaa M. Industrial optimization of fucoidan extraction from Sargassum sp. and its potential antioxidant and emulsifying activities. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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366
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Cunha L, Grenha A. Sulfated Seaweed Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Materials in Drug Delivery Applications. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E42. [PMID: 26927134 PMCID: PMC4820297 DOI: 10.3390/md14030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the discovery of metabolites from marine resources showing biological activity has increased significantly. Among marine resources, seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan in red algae, ulvan in green algae and fucoidan in brown algae. Sulfated polysaccharides have been increasingly studied over the years in the pharmaceutical field, given their potential usefulness in applications such as the design of drug delivery systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss potential applications of these polymers in drug delivery systems, with a focus on carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. General information regarding structure, extraction process and physicochemical properties is presented, along with a brief reference to reported biological activities. For each material, specific applications under the scope of drug delivery are described, addressing in privileged manner particulate carriers, as well as hydrogels and beads. A final section approaches the application of sulfated polysaccharides in targeted drug delivery, focusing with particular interest the capacity for macrophage targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmylla Cunha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Grenha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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367
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Wu GJ, Shiu SM, Hsieh MC, Tsai GJ. Anti-inflammatory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from the brown alga Sargassum cristaefolium. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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368
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Raimundo SC, Avci U, Hopper C, Pattathil S, Hahn MG, Popper ZA. Immunolocalization of cell wall carbohydrate epitopes in seaweeds: presence of land plant epitopes in Fucus vesiculosus L. (Phaeophyceae). PLANTA 2016; 243:337-54. [PMID: 26411728 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Land plant cell wall glycan epitopes are present in Fucus vesiculosus. RG-I/AG mAbs recognize distinct glycan epitopes in structurally different galactans, and 3-linked glucans are also present in the cell walls. Cell wall-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have given increased knowledge of fundamental land plant processes but are not extensively used to study seaweeds. We profiled the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus glycome employing 155 mAbs that recognize predominantly vascular plant cell wall glycan components. The resulting profile was used to inform in situ labeling studies. Several of the mAbs recognized and bound to epitopes present in different thallus parts of Fucus vesiculosus. Antibodies recognizing arabinogalactan epitopes were divided into four groups based on their immunolocalization patterns. Group 1 bound to the stipe, blade, and receptacles. Group 2 bound to the antheridia, oogonia and paraphyses. Group 3 recognized antheridia cell walls and Group 4 localized on the antheridia inner wall and oogonia mesochite. This study reveals that epitopes present in vascular plant cell walls are also present in brown seaweeds. Furthermore, the diverse in situ localization patterns of the RG-I/AG clade mAbs suggest that these mAbs likely detect distinct epitopes present in structurally different galactans. In addition, 3-linked glucans were also detected throughout the cell walls of the algal tissues, using the β-glucan-directed LAMP mAb. Our results give insights into cell wall evolution, and diversify the available tools for the study of brown seaweed cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cristina Raimundo
- Botany and Plant Science and Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Utku Avci
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Christina Hopper
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Zoë A Popper
- Botany and Plant Science and Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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369
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Venkatesan J, Anil S, Kim SK, Shim MS. Seaweed Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles: Preparation and Applications for Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E30. [PMID: 30979124 PMCID: PMC6432598 DOI: 10.3390/polym8020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there have been major advances and increasing amounts of research on the utilization of natural polymeric materials as drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Seaweed polysaccharides are abundant resources and have been extensively studied for several biological, biomedical, and functional food applications. The exploration of seaweed polysaccharides for drug delivery applications is still in its infancy. Alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, ulvan, and laminarin are polysaccharides commonly isolated from seaweed. These natural polymers can be converted into nanoparticles (NPs) by different types of methods, such as ionic gelation, emulsion, and polyelectrolyte complexing. Ionic gelation and polyelectrolyte complexing are commonly employed by adding cationic molecules to these anionic polymers to produce NPs of a desired shape, size, and charge. In the present review, we have discussed the preparation of seaweed polysaccharide-based NPs using different types of methods as well as their usage as carriers for the delivery of various therapeutic molecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, anti-cancer drugs, and antibiotics). Seaweed polysaccharide-based NPs exhibit suitable particle size, high drug encapsulation, and sustained drug release with high biocompatibility, thereby demonstrating their high potential for safe and efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, P.O Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center and Department of Marine-bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
| | - Min Suk Shim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
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370
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Cong Q, Chen H, Liao W, Xiao F, Wang P, Qin Y, Dong Q, Ding K. Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:899-907. [PMID: 26572427 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. The backbone of FP08S2 consisted of alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp and 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA. Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Cong
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenfeng Liao
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qun Dong
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.
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371
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Burchell SR, Iniaghe LO, Zhang JH, Tang J. Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus Fails to Improve Outcomes Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2016; 121:191-8. [PMID: 26463947 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most fatal stroke subtype, with no effective therapies. Hematoma expansion and inflammation play major roles in the pathophysiology of ICH, contributing to primary and secondary brain injury, respectively. Fucoidan, a polysaccharide from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, has been reported to activate a platelet receptor that may function in limiting bleeding, and to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. As such, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of fucoidan on hemorrhaging and neurological outcomes after ICH. Male CD-1 mice were subjected to experimental ICH by infusion of bacterial collagenase. Animals were randomly divided into the following groups: sham, ICH + vehicle, ICH + 25 mg/kg fucoidan, ICH + 75 mg/kg fucoidan, and ICH + 100 mg/kg fucoidan. Brain water content, neurobehavioral outcomes, and hemoglobin content were evaluated at 24 h post ICH. Our findings show that fucoidan failed to attenuate the ICH-induced increase in BWC. The neurological deficits that result from ICH also did not differ in the treatment groups at all three doses. Finally, we found that fucoidan had no effect on the hemoglobin content after ICH. We postulate that fucoidan treatment did not improve the measured outcomes after ICH because we used crude fucoidan, which has a high molecular weight, in our study. High-molecular-weight fucoidans are reported to have less therapeutic potential than low molecular weight fucoidans. They have been shown to exhibit anti-coagulant and pro-apoptotic properties, which seem to outweigh their anti-inflammatory and potential procoagulant abilities. We propose that using a low-molecular-weight fucoidan, or fractionating the crude polysaccharide, may be effective in treating ICH. Future studies are needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrefa R Burchell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Loretta O Iniaghe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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372
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Imbs TI, Ermakova SP, Malyarenko Vishchuk OS, Isakov VV, Zvyagintseva TN. Structural elucidation of polysaccharide fractions from the brown alga Coccophora langsdorfii and in vitro investigation of their anticancer activity. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 135:162-8. [PMID: 26453864 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laminaran, fucoidan, and alginate were isolated from the brown alga Coccophora langsdorfii collected in the Japan Sea. The structural characteristics of polysaccharides were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The laminaran was determined as β-d-glucan, which consisted of 80% of 1,3- and 20% of 1,6-linked residues and was terminated with mannitol. The alginate was a guluronic acid-rich polysaccharide (M/G=0.85). Fucoidan, sulfated α-l-fucan, contained a linear backbone of alternating (1→3)- and (1→4)- linked α-l-fucopyranose residues with sulfate at C2 and C4 of (1→3)-α-l-fucopyranose residues. Anticancer activity of this fucoidan was investigated in comparison with activity of fucoidan having similar linear backbone from the brown alga Fucus evanescens. The fucoidan from C. langsdorfii significantly inhibited colony formation of SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells (the percentage of inhibition was 28 and 76, respectively) and weakly inhibited colony formation of breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 (the percentage of inhibition was about 5). Similar results were obtained for fucoidan from F. evanescens; the percentage of inhibition of colony formation of SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells was 54 and 56, respectively. The inhibition of colony formation of breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 was weak. We suppose that other sulfated and partially acetylated fucoidans consisting of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked α-l-fucopyranose residues may suppress progression of melanoma cell colony formation similar to fucoidans of C. langsdorfii and F. evanescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Imbs
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia.
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko Vishchuk
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Isakov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
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373
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Hussain E, Wang LJ, Jiang B, Riaz S, Butt GY, Shi DY. A review of the components of brown seaweeds as potential candidates in cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweeds have opened new opportunities for the development of novel anticancer agents due to their diverse structural composition and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Saba Riaz
- Phycology Lab
- Department of Botany
- Government College University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | | | - Da-Yong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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374
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Kostas ET, White DA, Du C, Cook DJ. Selection of yeast strains for bioethanol production from UK seaweeds. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2016; 28:1427-1441. [PMID: 27057090 PMCID: PMC4789230 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-015-0633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae (seaweeds) are a promising feedstock for the production of third generation bioethanol, since they have high carbohydrate contents, contain little or no lignin and are available in abundance. However, seaweeds typically contain a more diverse array of monomeric sugars than are commonly present in feedstocks derived from lignocellulosic material which are currently used for bioethanol production. Hence, identification of a suitable fermentative microorganism that can utilise the principal sugars released from the hydrolysis of macroalgae remains a major objective. The present study used a phenotypic microarray technique to screen 24 different yeast strains for their ability to metabolise individual monosaccharides commonly found in seaweeds, as well as hydrolysates following an acid pre-treatment of five native UK seaweed species (Laminaria digitata, Fucus serratus, Chondrus crispus, Palmaria palmata and Ulva lactuca). Five strains of yeast (three Saccharomyces spp, one Pichia sp and one Candida sp) were selected and subsequently evaluated for bioethanol production during fermentation of the hydrolysates. Four out of the five selected strains converted these monomeric sugars into bioethanol, with the highest ethanol yield (13 g L-1) resulting from a fermentation using C. crispus hydrolysate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPS128. This study demonstrated the novel application of a phenotypic microarray technique to screen for yeast capable of metabolising sugars present in seaweed hydrolysates; however, metabolic activity did not always imply fermentative production of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T. Kostas
- />The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Bioenergy and Brewing Science Building, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
| | - Daniel A. White
- />Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Pl, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH UK
| | - Chenyu Du
- />The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Bioenergy and Brewing Science Building, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
| | - David J. Cook
- />The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Bioenergy and Brewing Science Building, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
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375
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Yuan Y, Macquarrie DJ. Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:819-27. [PMID: 26454369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. It ensures that the resources are used fully and that all parts of them are valorized. This paper develops this concept, using brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum as an example, by assistance of microwave technology. A step-by-step process was designed to obtain fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar (alga residue) consecutively. The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. To make an evaluation of the biorefinery process, seaweed sample was also treated for fucoidan extraction only, alginate extraction only and hydrothermal treatment for sugars and biochar only. The chemical composition and properties of each product were also analyzed. The results indicated that A. nodosum could be potentially used as feedstock for a biorefinery process to produce valuable chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Duncan J Macquarrie
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK.
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376
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Seaweeds as Preventive Agents for Cardiovascular Diseases: From Nutrients to Functional Foods. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6838-65. [PMID: 26569268 PMCID: PMC4663556 DOI: 10.3390/md13116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Being naturally enriched in key nutrients and in various health-promoting compounds, seaweeds represent promising candidates for the design of functional foods. Soluble dietary fibers, peptides, phlorotannins, lipids and minerals are macroalgae's major compounds that can hold potential in high-value food products derived from macroalgae, including those directed to the cardiovascular-health promotion. This manuscript revises available reported data focusing the role of diet supplementation of macroalgae, or extracts enriched in bioactive compounds from macroalgae origin, in targeting modifiable markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), like dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, hypertension, hypercoagulability and activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems, among others. At last, the review also describes several products that have been formulated with the use of whole macroalgae or extracts, along with their claimed cardiovascular-associated benefits.
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377
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Characteristics and antioxidant of Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides extracted with different solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:912-9. [PMID: 26400737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). Sulphated polysaccharides extracted with acid exhibited greater antioxidant activity than did those extracted with distilled water and alkali. The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides.
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378
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Yuan Y, Macquarrie D. Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:101-7. [PMID: 26050894 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. Compositional analysis, GPC, HPAEC and IR analysis were employed for characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides. Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. All fucoidans exhibited antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH scavenging and reducing power, among which fucoidan extracted at 90°C was highest. This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Duncan Macquarrie
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK.
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379
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Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Karpiniec SS. Therapies from Fucoidan: An Update. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5920-46. [PMID: 26389927 PMCID: PMC4584361 DOI: 10.3390/md13095920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are a class of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides found in brown marine algae and echinoderms. Fucoidans have an attractive array of bioactivities and potential applications including immune modulation, cancer inhibition, and pathogen inhibition. Research into fucoidan has continued to gain pace over the last few years and point towards potential therapeutic or adjunct roles. The source, extraction, characterization and detection of fucoidan is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Helen Fitton
- Marinova Pty Ltd., 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge, Tasmania 7170, Australia.
| | - Damien N Stringer
- Marinova Pty Ltd., 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge, Tasmania 7170, Australia.
| | - Samuel S Karpiniec
- Marinova Pty Ltd., 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge, Tasmania 7170, Australia.
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380
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Schneider T, Ehrig K, Liewert I, Alban S. Interference with the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as potential antitumor strategy: superiority of a sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima and fucoidan over heparins. Glycobiology 2015; 25:812-24. [PMID: 25878069 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP) from brown algae interfere with the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in human Burkitt's lymphoma cells by binding CXCL12 and thereby blocking both CXCL12-induced CXCR4 receptor activation and downstream effects like migration and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9. This mode of action is currently considered as promising strategy for tumor therapy and may contribute to the known in vivo antitumor, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activity of FCSP. In terms of the inhibition of the CXCR4 activation, FCSP from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-FCSP) proved to be more active than a commercial "Fucoidan" from Fucus vesiculosus, and both FCSP were superior to heparins by more than one order of magnitude. Fractionation of S.l.-FCSP revealed that its main fraction is composed of a homogeneous, higher sulfated galactofucan (S.l.-SGF) which consistently exhibited stronger activities and can therefore be considered as the active ingredient of S.l.-FCSP. By subjecting Fucoidan to the same fractionation procedure, the inhibitory activity of the obtained purified Fucoidan on the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis tended to be weaker and its antioxidant and antiproliferative effects were lost. This was probably due to the separation of contaminants including phenolic compounds, whose content additionally showed marked batch-to-batch variability. Regarding the need of standardized, well-characterized FCSP preparations for any potential medical application, our results indicate that S.l.-SGF is a promising candidate for further investigations and that S. latissima may be a more appropriate source of FCSP than F. vesiculosus or other algae species with high contents of co-extractable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Schneider
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Ehrig
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Liewert
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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381
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Anisimova NY, Ustyuzhanina NE, Donenko FV, Bilan MI, Ushakova NA, Usov AI, Nifantiev NE, Kiselevskiy MV. Influence of fucoidans and their derivatives on antitumor and phagocytic activity of human blood leucocytes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:925-33. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915070111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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382
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Ermakova S, Kusaykin M, Trincone A, Tatiana Z. Are multifunctional marine polysaccharides a myth or reality? Front Chem 2015; 3:39. [PMID: 26176008 PMCID: PMC4485228 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kusaykin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Antonio Trincone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Zvyagintseva Tatiana
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok, Russia
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383
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Lean QY, Eri RD, Fitton JH, Patel RP, Gueven N. Fucoidan Extracts Ameliorate Acute Colitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128453. [PMID: 26083103 PMCID: PMC4471193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are an important cause of morbidity and impact significantly on quality of life. Overall, current treatments do not sustain a long-term clinical remission and are associated with adverse effects, which highlight the need for new treatment options. Fucoidans are complex sulphated, fucose-rich polysaccharides, found in edible brown algae and are described as having multiple bioactivities including potent anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of two different fucoidan preparations, fucoidan-polyphenol complex (Maritech Synergy) and depyrogenated fucoidan (DPF) was evaluated in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) mouse model of acute colitis. Mice were treated once daily over 7 days with fucoidans via oral (Synergy or DPF) or intraperitoneal administration (DPF). Signs and severity of colitis were monitored daily before colons and spleens were collected for macroscopic evaluation, cytokine measurements and histology. Orally administered Synergy and DPF, but not intraperitoneal DPF treatment, significantly ameliorated symptoms of colitis based on retention of body weight, as well as reduced diarrhoea and faecal blood loss, compared to the untreated colitis group. Colon and spleen weight in mice treated with oral fucoidan was also significantly lower, indicating reduced inflammation and oedema. Histological examination of untreated colitis mice confirmed a massive loss of crypt architecture and goblet cells, infiltration of immune cells and oedema, while all aspects of this pathology were alleviated by oral fucoidan. Importantly, in this model, the macroscopic changes induced by oral fucoidan correlated significantly with substantially decreased production of at least 15 pro-inflammatory cytokines by the colon tissue. Overall, oral fucoidan preparations significantly reduce the inflammatory pathology associated with DSS-induced colitis and could therefore represent a novel nutraceutical option for the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ying Lean
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- University of Technology MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajaraman D. Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Rahul P. Patel
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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384
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Rhein-Knudsen N, Ale MT, Meyer AS. Seaweed hydrocolloid production: an update on enzyme assisted extraction and modification technologies. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3340-59. [PMID: 26023840 PMCID: PMC4483632 DOI: 10.3390/md13063340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agar, alginate, and carrageenans are high-value seaweed hydrocolloids, which are used as gelation and thickening agents in different food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. The annual global production of these hydrocolloids has recently reached 100,000 tons with a gross market value just above US$ 1.1 billion. The techno-functional properties of the seaweed polysaccharides depend strictly on their unique structural make-up, notably degree and position of sulfation and presence of anhydro-bridges. Classical extraction techniques include hot alkali treatments, but recent research has shown promising results with enzymes. Current methods mainly involve use of commercially available enzyme mixtures developed for terrestrial plant material processing. Application of seaweed polysaccharide targeted enzymes allows for selective extraction at mild conditions as well as tailor-made modifications of the hydrocolloids to obtain specific functionalities. This review provides an update of the detailed structural features of κ-, ι-, λ-carrageenans, agars, and alginate, and a thorough discussion of enzyme assisted extraction and processing techniques for these hydrocolloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Rhein-Knudsen
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Marcel Tutor Ale
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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385
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Structural elucidation of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers with anti-angiogenic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:674-80. [PMID: 26025076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted with 5% sodium hydroxide, yielding a neutral polysaccharide (JHB0S2) with a molecular weight of 16 kDa by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-200 HR column. JHB0S2 was found to contain glucose, xylose, arabinose and galactose in molar ratio of 2.9:2.3:1.0:1.2. Through the linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra and so forth, indicated that its backbone consisted of 1,4-linked β-Glcp, nearly 50% of which was substituted at O-6 by 1,2-linked α-Xylp terminated with Galp or Xylp. Furthermore, some of 1,2-linked α-Xylp was substituted at O-4 by α-Araf-(1→5)-α-Araf-(1→6)-β-Galp. The biological test showed that JHB0S2 could inhibit the tube formation of HMEC-1 cells.
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386
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de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMB, de Morais RMSC. Marine polysaccharides from algae with potential biomedical applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2967-3028. [PMID: 25988519 PMCID: PMC4446615 DOI: 10.3390/md13052967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current tendency towards bioactive natural products with applications in various industries, such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics and food. This has put some emphasis in research on marine organisms, including macroalgae and microalgae, among others. Polysaccharides with marine origin constitute one type of these biochemical compounds that have already proved to have several important properties, such as anticoagulant and/or antithrombotic, immunomodulatory ability, antitumor and cancer preventive, antilipidaemic and hypoglycaemic, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, making them promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of applications. Their properties are mainly due to their structure and physicochemical characteristics, which depend on the organism they are produced by. In the biomedical field, the polysaccharides from algae can be used in controlled drug delivery, wound management, and regenerative medicine. This review will focus on the biomedical applications of marine polysaccharides from algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alcina Maria Bernardo de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Manuel Santos Costa de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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387
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κ-Carrageenan from marine red algae, Kappaphycus alvarezii – A functional food to prevent colon carcinogenesis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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388
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Quantitative determination of fucoidan using polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 877:1-8. [PMID: 26002205 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of polyanion and polycation-sensitive membrane electrodes to detect five different preparations of fucoidan is described. Unlike linear polyanionic molecules previously measured with polymer membrane-based electrochemical sensors, fucoidans from marine brown algae are all highly branched, sulfated polysaccharides with varying charge densities and structures, depending on the species of seaweed, method of extraction used and extent of purification. When tridodecylmethylammonium (TDMA) was used as the ion-exchanger, a large, non-equilibrium EMF response was observed over a concentration range of 0.5-50 μg mL(-1) fucoidan. Fucoidan was also measured by titration with polycationic protamine, using a dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (DNNS)-doped membrane electrode as the potentiometric endpoint detector. Potentiometric titration was used to determine the binding ratio between protamine and fucoidan at the neutralization endpoint for each fucoidan preparation. This binding ratio was then used to successfully determine the fucoidan content of commercially available nutritional supplements. Fucoidan was also measured in undiluted blood serum, demonstrating that this method may be applicable for measuring fucoidan for clinical applications.
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389
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Wozniak M, Bell T, Dénes Á, Falshaw R, Itzhaki R. Anti-HSV1 activity of brown algal polysaccharides and possible relevance to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 74:530-40. [PMID: 25583021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) induces the formation of the characteristic abnormal molecules of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, beta-amyloid, and abnormally phosphorylated, AD-like tau (P-tau). Formation of these molecules is inhibited by treatment with the antiviral agent acyclovir (ACV), which prevents viral DNA replication. A totally different mechanism of antiviral action against herpes simplex viruses is shown by sulfated fucans. The antiviral activity of sulfated fucans from five brown algae (Scytothamnus australis, Marginariella boryana, Papenfussiella lutea, Splachnidium rugosum and Undaria pinnatifida) was investigated in relation to the HSV1-induced formation of beta-amyloid, and AD-like tau. Antiviral activity was also related to specific structural features of these polysaccharides. Four sulfated fucan extracts each prevented the accumulation of HSV1-induced beta-amyloid and AD-like tau in HSV1-infected Vero cells. The structures of these extracts had some similarities but also key differences, indicating that a number of structural features can cause antiviral activity. The most active sulfated fucan combined with acyclovir was particularly effective, so may be particularly suitable for further experimental testing in order to develop treatment protocols for AD patients, with the aim of slowing or stopping disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wozniak
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 3.545 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Tracey Bell
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony u 43, Budapest H 1083, Hungary.
| | - Ruth Falshaw
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - Ruth Itzhaki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 3.545 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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390
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Lin CC, Pan IH, Li YR, Pan YG, Lin MK, Lu YH, Wu HC, Chu CL. The adjuvant effects of high-molecule-weight polysaccharides purified from Antrodia cinnamomea on dendritic cell function and DNA vaccines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116191. [PMID: 25723174 PMCID: PMC4344241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of the edible basidiomycete Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) has been studied extensively. Many effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, have been reported from either crude extracts or compounds isolated from AC. However, research addressing the function of AC in enhancing immunity is rare. The aim of the present study is to investigate the active components and the mechanism involved in the immunostimulatory effect of AC. We found that polysaccharides (PS) in the water extract of AC played a major role in dendritic cell (DC) activation, which is a critical leukocyte in initiating immune responses. We further size purified and identified that the high-molecular weight PS fraction (greater than 100 kDa) exhibited the activating effect. The AC high-molecular weight PSs (AC hmwPSs) promoted pro-inflammatory cytokine production by DCs and the maturation of DCs. In addition, DC-induced antigen-specific T cell activation and Th1 differentiation were increased by AC hmwPSs. In studying the molecular mechanism, we confirmed the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in DCs after AC hmwPSs treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TLR2 and TLR4 are required for the stimulatory activity of AC hmwPSs on DCs. In a mouse tumor model, we demonstrated that AC hmwPSs enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of the HER-2/neu DNA vaccine by facilitating specific Th1 responses. Thus, we conclude that hmwPSs are the major components of AC that stimulate DCs via the TLR2/TLR4 and NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. The AC hmwPSs have potential to be applied as adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Pan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Gen Pan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Huang Lu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Wu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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391
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Venkatesan J, Lowe B, Anil S, Manivasagan P, Kheraif AAA, Kang KH, Kim SK. Seaweed polysaccharides and their potential biomedical applications. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Baboucarr Lowe
- Department of Marine Bio Convergence Science; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Dental Biomaterials Research, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz A Al Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research, Dental Health Department; College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Kyong-Hwa Kang
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
- Department of Marine Bio Convergence Science; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
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392
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Zhang W, Oda T, Yu Q, Jin JO. Fucoidan from Macrocystis pyrifera has powerful immune-modulatory effects compared to three other fucoidans. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1084-104. [PMID: 25706632 PMCID: PMC4377974 DOI: 10.3390/md13031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide purified from brown algae, has a variety of immune-modulation effects, such as promoting activation of dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, and enhancing anti-viral and anti-tumor responses. However, the immune-modulatory effect of fucoidan from different seaweed extracts has not been thoroughly analyzed and compared. We analyzed fucoidans obtained from Ascophyllum nodosum (A. nodosum), Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera), Undaria pinnatifida (U. pinnatifida) and Fucus vesiculosus (F. vesiculosus) for their effect on the apoptosis of human neutrophils, activation of mouse NK cells, maturation of spleen DCs, proliferation and activation of T cells, and the adjuvant effect in vivo. Fucoidans from M. pyrifera and U. pinnatifida strongly delayed human neutrophil apoptosis at low concentration, whereas fucoidans from A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus delayed human neutrophil apoptosis at higher concentration. Moreover, fucoidan from M. pyrifera promoted NK cell activation and cytotoxic activity against YAC-1 cells. In addition, M. pyrifera fucoidan induced the strongest activation of spleen DCs and T cells and ovalbumin (OVA) specific immune responses compared to other fucoidans. These data suggest that fucoidan from M. pyrifera can be potentially useful as a therapeutic agent for infectious diseases, cancer and an effective adjuvant for vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
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393
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Torode TA, Marcus SE, Jam M, Tonon T, Blackburn RS, Hervé C, Knox JP. Monoclonal antibodies directed to fucoidan preparations from brown algae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118366. [PMID: 25692870 PMCID: PMC4333822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell walls of the brown algae contain a diverse range of polysaccharides with useful bioactivities. The precise structures of the sulfated fucan/fucoidan group of polysaccharides and their roles in generating cell wall architectures and cell properties are not known in detail. Four rat monoclonal antibodies, BAM1 to BAM4, directed to sulfated fucan preparations, have been generated and used to dissect the heterogeneity of brown algal cell wall polysaccharides. BAM1 and BAM4, respectively, bind to a non-sulfated epitope and a sulfated epitope present in the sulfated fucan preparations. BAM2 and BAM3 identified additional distinct epitopes present in the fucoidan preparations. All four epitopes, not yet fully characterised, occur widely within the major brown algal taxonomic groups and show divergent distribution patterns in tissues. The analysis of cell wall extractions and fluorescence imaging reveal differences in the occurrence of the BAM1 to BAM4 epitopes in various tissues of Fucus vesiculosus. In Ectocarpus subulatus, a species closely related to the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus, the BAM4 sulfated epitope was modulated in relation to salinity levels. This new set of monoclonal antibodies will be useful for the dissection of the highly complex and yet poorly resolved sulfated polysaccharides in the brown algae in relation to their ecological and economic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Torode
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Thierry Tonon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Richard S. Blackburn
- Sustainable Materials Research Group, Centre for Technical Textiles, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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394
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Thuy TTT, Ly BM, Van TTT, Quang NV, Tu HC, Zheng Y, Seguin-Devaux C, Mi B, Ai U. Anti-HIV activity of fucoidans from three brown seaweed species. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:122-8. [PMID: 25439876 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine brown algae. In the current work the anti-HIV activity of three fucoidans, extracted from three brown seaweeds Sargassum mcclurei, Sargassum polycystum and Turbinara ornata and collected from Nha Trang bay, Vietnam was investigated. Fucoidans extracted from the three species displayed similar antiviral activities with a mean IC50 ranging from 0.33 to 0.7 μg/ml while displaying no cell toxicity. Our results showed that the anti-HIV activity of fucoidans is not primarily linked to the sulfate content and the appropriate position of sulfate groups in the fucoidan backbones was also not associated with the antiviral activity. Fucoidans inhibited HIV-1 infection when they were pre-incubated with the virus but not with the cells, and not after infection, blocking the early steps of HIV entry into target cells. These data contribute to a better understanding of the influence of fucoidans structural characteristics on their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thi Thu Thuy
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
| | - Bui Minh Ly
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Thanh Van
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Ngo Van Quang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Ho Cam Tu
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg
| | - Yue Zheng
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg
| | | | - Bilan Mi
- N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Usov Ai
- N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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395
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Zhang Z, Till S, Knappe S, Quinn C, Catarello J, Ray GJ, Scheiflinger F, Szabo CM, Dockal M. Screening of complex fucoidans from four brown algae species as procoagulant agents. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:677-85. [PMID: 25439948 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are complex sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown algae. Depending on the concentration, they have been shown to stimulate and inhibit blood coagulation in vitro. Promotion of coagulation is mediated by blocking tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). We screened fucoidan extracts from four brown algae species in vitro with respect to their potential to improve coagulation in bleeding disorders. The fucoidans' pro- and anticoagulant activities were assessed by global hemostatic and standard clotting assays. Results showed that fucoidans improved coagulation parameters. Some fucoidans also activated the contact pathway of coagulation, an undesired property reported for sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Chemical evaluation of fucoidans' complex and variable structure included molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity (polyD), structural heterogeneity, and organic and inorganic impurities. Herewith, we describe a screening strategy that facilitates the identification of crude fucoidan extracts with desired biological and structural properties for improvement of compromised coagulation like in hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Zhang
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, IL, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | - G Joseph Ray
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, IL, USA
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396
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Kasai A, Arafuka S, Koshiba N, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Systematic synthesis of low-molecular weight fucoidan derivatives and their effect on cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10556-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01634g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular weight fucoidan derivatives with different sulfation patterns were designed, systematically synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-cancer activities against MCF-7 and HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kasai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Shinsuke Arafuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Nozomi Koshiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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397
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Choi SM, Jang EJ, Cha JD. Synergistic Effect between Fucoidan and Antibiotics against Clinic Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2015.64027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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398
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Katai K, Iwamoto A, Kimura Y, Oshima Y, Arioka S, Morimi Y, Omuro A, Nakasa T. Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida ) modulates hyperphosphatemia in a rat model of chronic renal failure. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2015; 62:68-74. [PMID: 25817287 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.62.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In chronic renal failure, inorganic phosphate (Pi) retention speeds up the progression to end-stage renal disease. The current therapy for hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure consists of dietary Pi restriction combined with administration of Pi binders, but each therapy has practical problems. Thus, the discovery of foods or nutrients that inhibit Pi absorption may be useful for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia. In the present study, we investigated whether wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) is a useful food for the prevention of hyperphosphatemia in a rat model of renal failure. Feeding a diet containing 5% wakame significantly decreased plasma and urinary Pi levels and increased the amount of fecal Pi. In addition, wakame significantly reduced plasma blood urea nitrogen and plasma Pi levels in 5/6 nephrectomized rats fed a high-Pi diet. Biochemical analyses showed that the reduction of intestinal Pi absorption is the main reason for the decrease in plasma Pi levels in rats fed a diet containing wakame. In addition, feeding alginic acid and fucoidan, major components of wakame fiber, was effective in reducing plasma Pi levels in normal rats. Finally, we concluded that wakame may be a useful food for the prevention of hyperphosphatemia in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Katai
- Department of Food science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
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399
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Song YS, Balcos MC, Yun HY, Baek KJ, Kwon NS, Kim MK, Kim DS. ERK Activation by Fucoidan Leads to Inhibition of Melanogenesis in Mel-Ab Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 19:29-34. [PMID: 25605994 PMCID: PMC4297759 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed in the class Phaeophyceae, has been widely studied for its possible health benefits. However, the potential of fucoidan as a possible treatment for hyperpigmentation is not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of fucoidan on melanogenesis and related signaling pathways using Mel-Ab cells. Fucoidan significantly decreased melanin content. While fucoidan treatment decreased tyrosinase activity, it did not do so directly. Western blot analysis indicated that fucoidan downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and reduced tyrosinase protein expression. Further investigation showed that fucoidan activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, suggesting a possible mechanism for the inhibition of melanin synthesis. Treatment with PD98059, a specific ERK inhibitor, resulted in the recovery of melanin production. Taken together, these findings suggest that fucoidan inhibits melanogenesis via ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seok Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea. ; Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Marie Carmel Balcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Nyoun Soo Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Myo-Kyoung Kim
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Dong-Seok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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400
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Ehrig K, Alban S. Sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity. Mar Drugs 2014; 13:76-101. [PMID: 25548975 PMCID: PMC4306926 DOI: 10.3390/md13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. A critical issue is their availability in high, reproducible quality. The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). Thus, S.l. from the North Atlantic harvested in autumn proved to be more appropriate for the isolation of S.l.-SP than S.l. from the Baltic Sea and S.l. harvested in spring, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP.
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