401
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Eyolfson E, Carr T, Khan A, Wright DK, Mychasiuk R, Lohman AW. Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries in Mice during Adolescence Cause Sexually Dimorphic Behavioral Deficits and Neuroinflammatory Dynamics. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2718-2732. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eyolfson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Carr
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Asher Khan
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David K. Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander W. Lohman
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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402
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Nieves MD, Furmanski O, Doughty ML. Sensorimotor dysfunction in a mild mouse model of cortical contusion injury without significant neuronal loss is associated with increases in inflammatory proteins with innate but not adaptive immune functions. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:1533-1549. [PMID: 33269491 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Acute trauma to the brain triggers chronic secondary injury mechanisms that contribute to long-term neurological impairment. We have developed a single, unilateral contusion injury model of sensorimotor dysfunction in adult mice. By targeting a topographically defined neurological circuit with a mild impact, we are able to track sustained behavioral deficits in sensorimotor function in the absence of tissue cavitation or neuronal loss in the contused cortex of these mice. Stereological histopathology and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay proteomic screening confirm contusion resulted in chronic gliosis and the robust expression of innate immune cytokines and monocyte attractant chemokines IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL10, CCL2, and CCL3 in the contused cortex. In contrast, the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins with adaptive immune functions was not significantly modulated by injury. Our data support widespread activation of innate but not adaptive immune responses, confirming an association between sensorimotor dysfunction with innate immune activation in the absence of tissue or neuronal loss in our mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Nieves
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, F.E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, F.E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Orion Furmanski
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, F.E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin L Doughty
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, F.E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, F.E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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403
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Glaser N, Chu S, Hung B, Fernandez L, Wulff H, Tancredi D, ODonnell ME. Acute and chronic neuroinflammation is triggered by diabetic ketoacidosis in a rat model. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:e001793. [PMID: 33318070 PMCID: PMC7737057 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive decline is common in patients with type 1 diabetes and has been attributed to the effects of chronic hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has only recently been suspected to be involved in causing cognitive decline. We hypothesized that DKA triggers both acute and chronic neuroinflammation, contributing to brain injury. RESEARCH METHODS AND DESIGN We measured concentrations of cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in serum and brain tissue lysates in juvenile rats during and after DKA (during acute DKA, 24 hours and 7 days after DKA), and compared these to healthy controls and hyperglycemic controls. We also measured cytokine, chemokine and MMP concentrations in serum and brain tissue of adult rats (70 days) that had experienced DKA as juveniles and compared these measurements to those of adult diabetic rats without exposure to DKA. RESULTS During acute DKA in the juvenile rats, serum concentrations of CCL3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß and MMP-9 were significantly increased. Serum concentrations of IL-2 and IL-17A increased 7 days after DKA recovery. In brain tissue lysates, concentrations of CCL3, CCL5, interferon (IFN)-γ and MMP-9 were significantly elevated during acute DKA. In adult rats that had DKA as juveniles (28 days previously), serum concentrations of IL-1ß and brain concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12p70 were elevated in comparison to diabetic rats without prior DKA. Composite scores for highly correlated cytokines and chemokines (mean z-scores for IL-10, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, CXCL-1 and CCL5) were also significantly elevated in adult rats with prior DKA. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm that DKA causes acute systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in a rat model. Importantly, the neuroinflammatory response triggered by DKA is long-lasting, suggesting the possibility that DKA-induced chronic neuroinflammation could contribute to long-term cognitive decline in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Glaser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Steven Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Hung
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Luis Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Daniel Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Martha E ODonnell
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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404
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Swanson LC, Trujillo EA, Thiede GH, Katzenberger RJ, Shishkova E, Coon JJ, Ganetzky B, Wassarman DA. Survival Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila Is Increased by Heterozygosity for a Mutation of the NF-κB Innate Immune Response Transcription Factor Relish. Genetics 2020; 216:1117-1136. [PMID: 33109529 PMCID: PMC7768241 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathologies are caused by primary and secondary injuries. Primary injuries result from physical damage to the brain, and secondary injuries arise from cellular responses to primary injuries. A characteristic cellular response is sustained activation of inflammatory pathways commonly mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors. Using a Drosophila melanogaster TBI model, we previously found that the main proximal transcriptional response to primary injuries is triggered by activation of Toll and Imd innate immune response pathways that engage NF-κB factors Dif and Relish (Rel), respectively. Here, we found by mass spectrometry that Rel protein level increased in fly heads at 4-8 hr after TBI. To investigate the necessity of Rel for secondary injuries, we generated a null allele, Reldel , by CRISPR/Cas9 editing. When heterozygous but not homozygous, the Reldel mutation reduced mortality at 24 hr after TBI and increased the lifespan of injured flies. Additionally, the effect of heterozygosity for Reldel on mortality was modulated by genetic background and diet. To identify genes that facilitate effects of Reldel on TBI outcomes, we compared genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of uninjured and injured +/+, +/Reldel , and Reldel /Reldel flies at 4 hr following TBI. Only a few genes changed expression more than twofold in +/Reldel flies relative to +/+ and Reldel /Reldel flies, and they were not canonical innate immune response genes. Therefore, Rel is necessary for TBI-induced secondary injuries but in complex ways involving Rel gene dose, genetic background, diet, and possibly small changes in expression of innate immune response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Swanson
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Edna A Trujillo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Gene H Thiede
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Rebeccah J Katzenberger
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Barry Ganetzky
- Department of Genetics, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David A Wassarman
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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405
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Keating CE, Cullen DK. Mechanosensation in traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105210. [PMID: 33259894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is distinct from other neurological disorders because it is induced by a discrete event that applies extreme mechanical forces to the brain. This review describes how the brain senses, integrates, and responds to forces under both normal conditions and during injury. The response to forces is influenced by the unique mechanical properties of brain tissue, which differ by region, cell type, and sub-cellular structure. Elements such as the extracellular matrix, plasma membrane, transmembrane receptors, and cytoskeleton influence its properties. These same components also act as force-sensors, allowing neurons and glia to respond to their physical environment and maintain homeostasis. However, when applied forces become too large, as in TBI, these components may respond in an aberrant manner or structurally fail, resulting in unique pathological sequelae. This so-called "pathological mechanosensation" represents a spectrum of cellular responses, which vary depending on the overall biomechanical parameters of the injury and may be compounded by repetitive injuries. Such aberrant physical responses and/or damage to cells along with the resulting secondary injury cascades can ultimately lead to long-term cellular dysfunction and degeneration, often resulting in persistent deficits. Indeed, pathological mechanosensation not only directly initiates secondary injury cascades, but this post-physical damage environment provides the context in which these cascades unfold. Collectively, these points underscore the need to use experimental models that accurately replicate the biomechanics of TBI in humans. Understanding cellular responses in context with injury biomechanics may uncover therapeutic targets addressing various facets of trauma-specific sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Keating
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, USA
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, USA.
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406
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Niu X, Bai L, Sun Y, Wang Y, Bai G, Yin B, Wang S, Gan S, Jia X, Liu H. Mild traumatic brain injury is associated with effect of inflammation on structural changes of default mode network in those developing chronic pain. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:135. [PMID: 33228537 PMCID: PMC7684719 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has a higher prevalence (more than 50%) of developing chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTH) compared with moderate or severe TBI. However, the underlying neural mechanism for CPTH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation level and cortical volume changes in patients with acute PTH (APTH) and further examine their potential in identifying patients who finally developed CPTH at follow-up. Methods Seventy-seven mTBI patients initially underwent neuropsychological measurements, 9-plex panel of serum cytokines and MRI scans within 7 days post-injury (T-1) and 54 (70.1%) of patients completed the same protocol at a 3-month follow-up (T-2). Forty-two matched healthy controls completed the same protocol at T-1 once. Results At baseline, mTBI patients with APTH presented significantly increased GM volume mainly in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), of which the dPCC volume can predict much worse impact of headache on patients’ lives by HIT-6 (β = 0.389, P = 0.007) in acute stage. Serum levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were also elevated in these patients, and its effect on the impact of headache on quality of life was partially mediated by the dPCC volume (mean [SE] indirect effect, 0.088 [0.0462], 95% CI, 0.01–0.164). Longitudinal analysis showed that the dACC and dPCC volumes as well as CCL2 levels had persistently increased in patients developing CPTH 3 months postinjury. Conclusion The findings suggested that structural remodelling of DMN brain regions were involved in the progression from acute to chronic PTH following mTBI, which also mediated the effect of inflammation processes on pain modulation. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT02868684; registered 16 August 2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-020-01201-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lijun Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Yingxiang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanghui Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuoqiu Gan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongjuan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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407
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Sarparast M, Dattmore D, Alan J, Lee KSS. Cytochrome P450 Metabolism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3523. [PMID: 33207662 PMCID: PMC7696575 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the aging population in the world, neurodegenerative diseases have become a serious public health issue that greatly impacts patients' quality of life and adds a huge economic burden. Even after decades of research, there is no effective curative treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have become an emerging dietary medical intervention for health maintenance and treatment of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research demonstrated that the oxidized metabolites, particularly the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites, of PUFAs are beneficial to several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease; however, their mechanism(s) remains unclear. The endogenous levels of CYP metabolites are greatly affected by our diet, endogenous synthesis, and the downstream metabolism. While the activity of omega-3 (ω-3) CYP PUFA metabolites and omega-6 (ω-6) CYP PUFA metabolites largely overlap, the ω-3 CYP PUFA metabolites are more active in general. In this review, we will briefly summarize recent findings regarding the biosynthesis and metabolism of CYP PUFA metabolites. We will also discuss the potential mechanism(s) of CYP PUFA metabolites in neurodegeneration, which will ultimately improve our understanding of how PUFAs affect neurodegeneration and may identify potential drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sarparast
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Devon Dattmore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jamie Alan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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408
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Yan C, Yan H, Mao J, Liu Y, Xu L, Zhao H, Shen J, Cao Y, Gao Y, Li K, Jin W. Neuroprotective Effect of Oridonin on Traumatic Brain Injury via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome in Experimental Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:557170. [PMID: 33281541 PMCID: PMC7691250 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.557170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome has been considered as an important contributor to inflammation and neuronal death after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oridonin (Ori), the major active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Rabdosia rubescens, has been proved to be a covalent NLRP3 inhibitor with strong anti-inflammation activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Ori on inflammation and brain injury induced by TBI. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to closed-head injury using Hall's weight-dropping method. Ori was injected directly intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg within 30 min after TBI and injected once daily until the experiments ended. Our results showed that NLRP3 inflammasome was activated within 24 h post-TBI. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) was significantly decreased after treatment with Ori. Besides, the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, downstream inflammatory factors of activated caspase-1, was reduced by Ori treatment. Importantly, Ori administration further protected the blood-brain barrier, alleviated brain edema, reduced cortical lesion volume, decreased cell death, and attenuated neurological deficits after TBI. Our findings indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome participated in the secondary injury after TBI and the application of Ori may provide neuroprotection via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in animal models, suggesting that Ori might be a promising candidate for patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiying Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongyue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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409
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Lacalle-Aurioles M, Cassel de Camps C, Zorca CE, Beitel LK, Durcan TM. Applying hiPSCs and Biomaterials Towards an Understanding and Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:594304. [PMID: 33281561 PMCID: PMC7689345 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.594304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in children and young adults and has a profound impact on the socio-economic wellbeing of patients and their families. Initially, brain damage is caused by mechanical stress-induced axonal injury and vascular dysfunction, which can include hemorrhage, blood-brain barrier disruption, and ischemia. Subsequent neuronal degeneration, chronic inflammation, demyelination, oxidative stress, and the spread of excitotoxicity can further aggravate disease pathology. Thus, TBI treatment requires prompt intervention to protect against neuronal and vascular degeneration. Rapid advances in the field of stem cells (SCs) have revolutionized the prospect of repairing brain function following TBI. However, more than that, SCs can contribute substantially to our knowledge of this multifaced pathology. Research, based on human induced pluripotent SCs (hiPSCs) can help decode the molecular pathways of degeneration and recovery of neuronal and glial function, which makes these cells valuable tools for drug screening. Additionally, experimental approaches that include hiPSC-derived engineered tissues (brain organoids and bio-printed constructs) and biomaterials represent a step forward for the field of regenerative medicine since they provide a more suitable microenvironment that enhances cell survival and grafting success. In this review, we highlight the important role of hiPSCs in better understanding the molecular pathways of TBI-related pathology and in developing novel therapeutic approaches, building on where we are at present. We summarize some of the most relevant findings for regenerative therapies using biomaterials and outline key challenges for TBI treatments that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lacalle-Aurioles
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Cassel de Camps
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lenore K Beitel
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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410
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Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Mild traumatic brain injury exacerbates Parkinson's disease induced hemeoxygenase-2 expression and brain pathology: Neuroprotective effects of co-administration of TiO 2 nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:157-231. [PMID: 33223035 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the leading predisposing factors in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mild or moderate TBI induces rapid production of tau protein and alpha synuclein (ASNC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in several brain areas. Enhanced tau-phosphorylation and ASNC alters the molecular machinery of the brain leading to PD pathology. Recent evidences show upregulation of constitutive isoform of hemeoxygenase (HO-2) in PD patients that correlates well with the brain pathology. mTBI alone induces profound upregulation of HO-2 immunoreactivity. Thus, it would be interesting to explore whether mTBI exacerbates PD pathology in relation to tau, ASNC and HO-2 expression. In addition, whether neurotrophic factors and stem cells known to reduce brain pathology in TBI could induce neuroprotection in PD following mTBI. In this review role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cerebrolysin (CBL), a well-balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments using nanowired delivery in PD following mTBI is discussed based on our own investigation. Our results show that mTBI induces concussion exacerbates PD pathology and nanowired delivery of MSCs and CBL induces superior neuroprotection. This could be due to reduction in tau, ASNC and HO-2 expression in PD following mTBI, not reported earlier. The functional significance of our findings in relation to clinical strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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411
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is among the leading causes of death in individuals under 45 years of age. However, since trauma mechanisms and survival times differ enormously, the exact mechanisms leading to the primary and secondary injury and eventually to death after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear. Several studies showed the versatile functions of microglia, the innate macrophages of the brain, following a TBI. Earlier being characterized as rather neurotoxic, neuroprotective capacities were recently demonstrated, therefore, making microglia one of the key players following TBI. Especially in cases with only short survival times, immediate microglial reactions are of great forensic interest in questions of wound age estimation. Using standardized immunohistochemical methods, we examined 8 cases which died causatively of TBI with survival times between minutes and 7 days and 5 control cases with cardiovascular failure as the cause of death to determine acute changes in microglial morphology and antigen expression after TBI. In this pilot study, we detected highly localized changes in microglial morphology already early after traumatic damage, e.g., activated microglia and phagocyted erythrocytes in the contusion areas in cases with minute survival. Furthermore, an altered antigen expression was observed with increasing trauma wound age, showing similar effects like earlier transcriptomic studies. There is minute data on the direct impact of shear forces on microglial morphology. We were able to show localization-depending effects on microglial morphology causing localized dystrophy and adjacent activation. While rodent studies are widespread, they fail to mimic the exact mechanisms in human TBI response. Therefore, more studies focusing on cadaveric samples need to follow to thoroughly define the mechanisms leading to cell destruction and eventually evaluate their forensic value.
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412
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Hummel R, Ulbrich S, Appel D, Li S, Hirnet T, Zander S, Bobkiewicz W, Gölz C, Schäfer MK. Administration of all-trans retinoic acid after experimental traumatic brain injury is brain protective. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5208-5223. [PMID: 32964418 PMCID: PMC7588818 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A metabolite, important in the developing and mature brain. Pre-injury ATRA administration ameliorates ischaemic brain insults in rodents. This study examined the effects of post-traumatic ATRA treatment in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male adult mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI or sham procedure and killed at 7 or 30 days post-injury (dpi). ATRA (10 mg kg-1, i.p.) was given immediately after the injury and 1, 2 and 3 dpi. Neurological function and sensorimotor coordination were evaluated. Brains were processed for (immuno-) histological, mRNA and protein analyses (qPCR and western blot). KEY RESULTS ATRA treatment reduced brain lesion size, reactive astrogliosis and axonal injury at 7 dpi, and hippocampal granule cell layer (GCL) integrity was protected at 7 and 30 dpi, independent of cell proliferation in neurogenic niches and blood-brain barrier damage. Neurological and motor deficits over time and the brain tissue loss at 30 dpi were not affected by ATRA treatment. ATRA decreased gene expression of markers for damage-associated molecular pattern (HMGB1), apoptosis (caspase-3 and Bax), activated microglia (TSPO), and reactive astrogliosis (GFAP, SerpinA3N) at 7 dpi and a subset of markers at 30 dpi (TSPO, GFAP). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In experimental TBI, post-traumatic ATRA administration exerted brain protective effects, including long-term protection of GCL integrity, but did not affect neurological and motor deficits. Further investigations are required to optimize treatment regimens to enhance ATRA's brain protective effects and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hummel
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Sebastian Ulbrich
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Dominik Appel
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Shuailong Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Tobias Hirnet
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Sonja Zander
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Wieslawa Bobkiewicz
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Michael K.E. Schäfer
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN)Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
- Research Center for ImmunotherapyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
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413
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Hu Y, Seker B, Exner C, Zhang J, Plesnila N, Schwarzmaier SM. Longitudinal Characterization of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury by In Vivo 2-Photon Microscopy. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:399-410. [PMID: 33012249 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasogenic brain edema (VBE) formation remains an important factor determining the fate of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The spatial and temporal development of VBE, however, remains poorly understood because of the lack of sufficiently sensitive measurement techniques. To close this knowledge gap, we directly visualized the full time course of vascular leakage after TBI by in vivo 2-photon microscopy (2-PM). Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 6/group, 6-8 weeks old) were assigned randomly to sham operation or brain trauma by controlled cortical impact. A cranial window was prepared, and tetramethylrhodamine-dextran (TMRM, MW 40,000 Da) was injected intravenously to visualize blood plasma 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, or seven days after surgery or trauma. Three regions with increasing distance to the primary contusion were investigated up to a depth of 300 μm by 2-PM. No TMRM extravasation was detected in sham-operated mice, while already 4 h after TBI vascular leakage was significantly increased (p < 0.05 vs. sham) and reached its maximum at 48 h after injury. Vascular leakage was most pronounced in the vicinity of the contusion. The rate of extravasation showed a biphasic pattern, peaking 4 h and 48-72 h after trauma. Taken together, longitudinal quantification of vascular leakage after TBI in vivo demonstrates that VBE formation after TBI develops in a biphasic manner suggestive of acute and delayed mechanisms. Further studies using the currently developed dynamic in vivo imaging modalities are needed to investigate these mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) and Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.,First Teaching Hospital of the Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Burcu Seker
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) and Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.,Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Exner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) and Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.,Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of the Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) and Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.,Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne M Schwarzmaier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) and Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.,Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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414
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Li X, Tan X, Wang P, Hu X, Dong Y, Zhang X, Luo B. Chronic disorders of consciousness: a case report with longitudinal evaluation of disease progression using 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:396. [PMID: 33121453 PMCID: PMC7594973 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcome prediction for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is essential yet challenging. Evidence showed that patients with DOC lasting 1 year or longer after a brain injury were less likely to recover. However, the reasons why outcomes of DOC patients differ greatly remain unclear. With a variety of analytical methods and through quantitative behavioral assessments, we aimed to track the progression of a patient with severe brain injury, in order to advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of DOC. CASE PRESENTATION We performed a longitudinal study for a 52-year-old male DOC patient who has remained in the state for 1.5 years with comprehensive rehabilitative therapies. The patient underwent 3 times of assessments of Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and ultra-high-field 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both topologic properties and brain microstructure were analyzed to track disease progression. We observed dynamic increases of fiber densities with measurements at three time points (t1:1.5 M, t2:7.5 M t3:17.5 M). Specifically, fiber densities of the superior longitudinal fasciculus and arcuate fasciculus nerve fiber bundles improved mostly in the visual, verbal, and auditory subscales, which was consistent with the CRS-R scores. Moreover, the graph-theory analyses demonstrated that network topologic properties showed an improvement although the disease duration exceeded 1 year. CONCLUSIONS DOC patients with a course longer than 1 year remain possible to improve, and including evaluation methods such as WM connectome analysis and graph theory could be potentially valuable for a more precise assessment of patients with a longer course of DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Neurology and Brain Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xufei Tan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinyi Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang CAPR, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang CAPR, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology and Brain Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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415
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Eyolfson E, Khan A, Mychasiuk R, Lohman AW. Microglia dynamics in adolescent traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:326. [PMID: 33121516 PMCID: PMC7597018 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive, mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBIs) are increasingly common in adolescents and encompass one of the largest neurological health concerns in the world. Adolescence is a critical period for brain development where RmTBIs can substantially impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and life-long neurological health. Our current understanding of RmTBI pathophysiology suggests key roles for neuroinflammation in negatively regulating neural health and function. Microglia, the brain’s resident immune population, play important roles in brain development by regulating neuronal number, and synapse formation and elimination. In response to injury, microglia activate to inflammatory phenotypes that may detract from these normal homeostatic, physiological, and developmental roles. To date, however, little is known regarding the impact of RmTBIs on microglia function during adolescent brain development. This review details key concepts surrounding RmTBI pathophysiology, adolescent brain development, and microglia dynamics in the developing brain and in response to injury, in an effort to formulate a hypothesis on how the intersection of these processes may modify long-term trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eyolfson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Asher Khan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.
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416
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Mercurio D, Oggioni M, Fumagalli S, Lynch NJ, Roscher S, Minuta D, Perego C, Ippati S, Wallis R, Schwaeble WJ, De Simoni MG. Targeted deletions of complement lectin pathway genes improve outcome in traumatic brain injury, with MASP-2 playing a major role. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:174. [PMID: 33115535 PMCID: PMC7592565 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin pathway (LP) of complement activation is believed to contribute to brain inflammation. The study aims to identify the key components of the LP contributing to TBI outcome as possible novel pharmacological targets. We compared the long-term neurological deficits and neuropathology of wild-type mice (WT) to that of mice carrying gene deletions of key LP components after experimental TBI. WT or MASP-2 (Masp2-/-), ficolin-A (Fcna-/-), CL-11 (Colec11-/-), MASP-1/3 (Masp1-/-), MBL-C (Mbl2-/-), MBL-A (Mbl1-/-) or MBL-/- (Mbl1-/-/Mbl2-/-) deficient male C57BL/6J mice were used. Mice underwent sham surgery or TBI by controlled cortical impact. The sensorimotor response was evaluated by neuroscore and beam walk tests weekly for 4 weeks. To obtain a comparative analysis of the functional outcome each transgenic line was rated according to a health score calculated on sensorimotor performance. For selected genotypes, brains were harvested 6 weeks after injury for histopathological analysis. MASP-2-/-, MBL-/- and FCN-A-/- mice had better outcome scores compared to WT. Of these, MASP-2-/- mice had the best recovery after TBI, showing reduced sensorimotor deficits (by 33% at 3 weeks and by 36% at 4 weeks). They also showed higher neuronal density in the lesioned cortex with a 31.5% increase compared to WT. Measurement of LP functional activity in plasma from MASP-2-/- mice revealed the absence of LP functional activity using a C4b deposition assay. The LP critically contributes to the post-traumatic inflammatory pathology following TBI with the highest degree of protection achieved through the absence of the LP key enzyme MASP-2, underlining a therapeutic utility of MASP-2 targeting in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mercurio
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - M Oggioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - S Fumagalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - N J Lynch
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Roscher
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 9HN, Leicester, UK
| | - D Minuta
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - C Perego
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - S Ippati
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - R Wallis
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 9HN, Leicester, UK
| | - W J Schwaeble
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK
| | - M-G De Simoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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417
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Deng D, Wang W, Bao S. Diffusible Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Promotes Noise-Induced Parvalbumin-Positive (PV+) Neuron Loss and Auditory Processing Impairments. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:573047. [PMID: 33154715 PMCID: PMC7590827 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.573047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been implicated in noise-induced auditory processing disorder and tinnitus. Certain non-auditory neurological disorders can also increase the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. To investigate the impact of increased brain proinflammatory cytokine levels on the central auditory pathway, we infused recombinant TNF-α into the right lateral cerebral ventricle, and examined auditory processing and cytoarchitecture of the auditory cortex. Microglial deramification was observed in the auditory cortex of mice that had received both TNF-α infusion and exposure to an 86-dB noise, but not in mice that had received either TNF-α infusion or noise exposure alone. In addition, we observed reduced cortical PV+ neuron density and impaired performances in gap detection and prepulse inhibition (PPI) only in mice that received both TNF-α infusion and the noise exposure. These results suggest that disease-related increase in brain proinflammatory cytokine release could be a risk factor for noise-induced auditory processing disorder and tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Deng
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Shaowen Bao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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418
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Silva ACV, de Oliveira Farias MA, Bem LS, Valença MM, de Azevedo Filho HRC. Decompressive Craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Institutional Experience of 131 Cases in Two Years. Neurotrauma Rep 2020; 1:93-99. [PMID: 34223535 PMCID: PMC8240881 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2020.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) effectively reduces intracranial pressure (ICP), but is not considered to be a first-line procedure. We retrospectively analyzed sociodemographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics associated with the prognosis of patients who underwent DC to treat traumatic intracranial hypertension (ICH) at the Restauração Hospital (HR) in Recife, Brazil between 2015 and 2016, and compared the clinical features with surgical timing and functional outcome at discharge. The data were collected from 131 medical records in the hospital database. A significant majority of the patients were young adults (age 18-39 years old; 75/131; 57.3%) and male (118/131; 90.1%). Road traffic accidents, particularly those involving motorcycles (57/131; 44.5%), were the main cause of the traumatic event. At initial evaluation, 63 patients (48.8%) were classified with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Pupil examination showed no abnormalities for 91 patients (71.1%), and acute subdural hematoma was the most frequently observed lesion (83/212; 40%). Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score was used to categorize surgical results and 51 patients (38.9%) had an unfavorable outcome. Only the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission (score of 3-8) was more likely to be associated with unfavorable outcome (p-value = 0.009), indicating that this variable may be a determinant of mortality and prognostic of poor outcome. Patients who underwent an operation sooner after injury, despite having a worse condition on admission, presented with clinical results that were similar to those of patients who underwent surgery 12 h after hospital admission. These results emphasize the importance of early DC for management of severe TBI. This study shows that DC is a common procedure used to manage TBI patients at HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Veiga Silva
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Severo Bem
- Neurosurgery Department, Restauração Hospital, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Moraes Valença
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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419
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Yang L, Conley BM, Cerqueira SR, Pongkulapa T, Wang S, Lee JK, Lee KB. Effective Modulation of CNS Inhibitory Microenvironment using Bioinspired Hybrid-Nanoscaffold-Based Therapeutic Interventions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002578. [PMID: 32893402 PMCID: PMC7606660 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries are often debilitating, and most currently have no cure. This is due to the formation of a neuroinhibitory microenvironment at injury sites, which includes neuroinflammatory signaling and non-permissive extracellular matrix (ECM) components. To address this challenge, a viscous interfacial self-assembly approach, to generate a bioinspired hybrid 3D porous nanoscaffold platform for delivering anti-inflammatory molecules and establish a favorable 3D-ECM environment for the effective suppression of the neuroinhibitory microenvironment, is developed. By tailoring the structural and biochemical properties of the 3D porous nanoscaffold, enhanced axonal growth from the dual-targeting therapeutic strategy in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based in vitro model of neuroinflammation is demonstrated. Moreover, nanoscaffold-based approaches promote significant axonal growth and functional recovery in vivo in a spinal cord injury model through a unique mechanism of anti-inflammation-based fibrotic scar reduction. Given the critical role of neuroinflammation and ECM microenvironments in neuroinhibitory signaling, the developed nanobiomaterial-based therapeutic intervention may pave a new road for treating CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Brian M Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Susana R Cerqueira
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, LPLC 4-19, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Shenqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, LPLC 4-19, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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420
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Badyra B, Sułkowski M, Milczarek O, Majka M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a multimodal treatment for nervous system diseases. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1174-1189. [PMID: 32573961 PMCID: PMC7519763 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a massive challenge for modern medicine. Apart from the fact that this group of diseases is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the majority of patients have no access to any possible effective and standardized treatment after being diagnosed, leaving them and their families helpless. This is the reason why such great emphasis is being placed on the development of new, more effective methods to treat neurological patients. Regenerative medicine opens new therapeutic approaches in neurology, including the use of cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on summarizing one of the cell sources that can be applied as a multimodal treatment tool to overcome the complex issue of neurodegeneration-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Apart from the highly proven safety of this approach, beneficial effects connected to this type of treatment have been observed. This review presents modes of action of MSCs, explained on the basis of data from vast in vitro and preclinical studies, and we summarize the effects of using these cells in clinical trial settings. Finally, we stress what improvements have already been made to clarify the exact mechanism of MSCs action, and we discuss potential ways to improve the introduction of MSC-based therapies in clinics. In summary, we propose that more insightful and methodical optimization, by combining careful preparation and administration, can enable use of multimodal MSCs as an effective, tailored cell therapy suited to specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Badyra
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Maciej Sułkowski
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Olga Milczarek
- Department of Children NeurosurgeryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
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421
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Hudson T. Functional Medicine: A View from Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2020; 31:527-540. [PMID: 32981576 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the functional medicine rubric in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), a physiatrist can capitalize on addressing the root causes and downstream effects in patients with chronic diseases. Similar to the International Classification of Function model in rehabilitation, the functional medicine model uses biopsychosocial understanding with a systems biology approach to find fulcrum points to create the biggest impact on health care. Given the position of rehabilitation medicine with the type and location of patients, both functional medicine and PM&R would benefit from a mutual partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hudson
- Veterans Integrative Pain Center, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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422
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Tommy T, Islam AA, Hatta M, Bukhari A. Immunomodulatory properties of high mobility group box 1 and its potential role in brain injury: Review article. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 59:106-109. [PMID: 32994992 PMCID: PMC7511818 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a novel biomolecular agent which has a major part in inflammation process. HMGB1 has been known to be a strong pro-inflammatory factor as damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) which its interaction with its receptor, the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), will cause positive amplification of inflammation signalling pathway. Brain injury is one of the major contributors for disability and death which neuroinflammation has a major role in its pathogenesis and influencing its outcome. In neuroinflammation, it has been described that HMGB1 may have a pivotal role in the process. Objective The objective of this article is to review the role HMGB1 in brain injury and its immunomodulatory properties. Methods A comprehensive search of literature was conducted in PubMed (NIH), Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar database using keyword combinations of the medical subject headings (MeSH) of “HMGB1” and “Brain Injury” and relevant reference lists were also manually searched. All relevant articles of any study design published from year 1990 till June 2020, were included and narratively discussed in this review. Results Twenty-four articles were shortlisted and reviewed in this article. Through these articles, we synthesis information on the function and metabolism of HMGB1, immunomodulatory effect of HMGB1, clinical findings and other potential treatment involving HMGB1, and role of HMGB1 protein in brain injury. Conclusion HMGB1 has a strong pro-inflammation property which predominantly acts through RAGE pathways.Review registration number reviewregistry966 in www.researchregistry.com. HMGB1 has a strong pro-inflammation property which predominantly acts through RAGE pathways. This pro-inflammatory process needs to be balanced with anti-inflammatory agents for homeostasis. Further studies are needed to support anti HMGB1 therapy in inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tommy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Andi A Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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423
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Traumatic Brain Injury and Inflammation: The Role of Local and Peripheral Participants in Short- and Long-Term Outcomes. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2020; 35:297-299. [PMID: 32881762 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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424
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Korotkov A, Puhakka N, Gupta SD, Vuokila N, Broekaart DWM, Anink JJ, Heiskanen M, Karttunen J, van Scheppingen J, Huitinga I, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Pitkänen A, Aronica E. Increased expression of miR142 and miR155 in glial and immune cells after traumatic brain injury may contribute to neuroinflammation via astrocyte activation. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:897-912. [PMID: 32460356 PMCID: PMC7540383 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the pathological activation of immune-competent cells in the brain, such as astrocytes, microglia and infiltrating immune blood cells, resulting in chronic inflammation and gliosis. This may contribute to the secondary injury after TBI, thus understanding of these processes is crucial for the development of effective treatments of post-traumatic pathologies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small noncoding RNAs, functioning as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. The increased expression of inflammation-associated microRNAs miR155 and miR142 has been reported after TBI in rats. However, expression of these miRNAs in the human brain post-TBI is not studied and their functions are not well understood. Moreover, circulating miR155 and miR142 are candidate biomarkers. Therefore, we characterized miR142 and miR155 expression in the perilesional cortex and plasma of rats that underwent lateral fluid-percussion injury, a model for TBI and in the human perilesional cortex post-TBI. We demonstrated higher miR155 and miR142 expression in the perilesional cortex of rats 2 weeks post-TBI. In plasma, miR155 was associated with proteins and miR142 with extracellular vesicles, however their expression did not change. In the human perilesional cortex miR155 was most prominently expressed by activated astrocytes, whereas miR142 was expressed predominantly by microglia, macrophages and lymphocytes. Pro-inflammatory medium from macrophage-like cells stimulated miR155 expression in astrocytes and overexpression of miR142 in these cells further potentiated a pro-inflammatory state of activated astrocytes. We conclude that miR155 and miR142 promote brain inflammation via astrocyte activation and may be involved in the secondary brain injury after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
| | - Noora Puhakka
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Niina Vuokila
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Diede W. M. Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
| | - Jasper J. Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
| | - Mette Heiskanen
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Jenni Karttunen
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
- Department of NeuroimmunologyNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceMeibergdreef 47Amsterdam1105 BAthe Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Department of NeuroimmunologyNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceMeibergdreef 47Amsterdam1105 BAthe Netherlands
| | - James D. Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
| | - Erwin A. van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904Amsterdam1090 GEthe Netherlands
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)Heemstedethe Netherlands
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Irrera N, Russo M, Pallio G, Bitto A, Mannino F, Minutoli L, Altavilla D, Squadrito F. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176204. [PMID: 32867310 PMCID: PMC7503761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents an important problem of global health. The damage related to TBI is first due to the direct injury and then to a secondary phase in which neuroinflammation plays a key role. NLRP3 inflammasome is a component of the innate immune response and different diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, are characterized by NLRP3 activation. This review aims to describe NLRP3 inflammasome and the consequences related to its activation following TBI. NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 are significantly upregulated after TBI, therefore, the use of nonspecific, but mostly specific NLRP3 inhibitors is useful to ameliorate the damage post-TBI characterized by neuroinflammation. Moreover, NLRP3 and the molecules associated with its activation may be considered as biomarkers and predictive factors for other neurodegenerative diseases consequent to TBI. Complications such as continuous stimuli or viral infections, such as the SARS-CoV-2 infection, may worsen the prognosis of TBI, altering the immune response and increasing the neuroinflammatory processes related to NLRP3, whose activation occurs both in TBI and in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review points out the role of NLRP3 in TBI and highlights the hypothesis that NLRP3 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the management of neuroinflammation in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Massimo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphologic and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
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426
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Fischer I, Barak B. Molecular and Therapeutic Aspects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Neurological Conditions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1247. [PMID: 32867291 PMCID: PMC7564723 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), the subject is placed in a chamber containing 100% oxygen gas at a pressure of more than one atmosphere absolute. This treatment is used to hasten tissue recovery and improve its physiological aspects, by providing an increased supply of oxygen to the damaged tissue. In this review, we discuss the consequences of hypoxia, as well as the molecular and physiological processes that occur in subjects exposed to HBOT. We discuss the efficacy of HBOT in treating neurological conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders in both humans and animal models. We summarize by discussing the challenges in this field, and explore future directions that will allow the scientific community to better understand the molecular aspects and applications of HBOT for a wide variety of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Fischer
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Boaz Barak
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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427
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Wang RR, He M, Ou XF, Xie XQ, Kang Y. The predictive value of RDW in AKI and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23373. [PMID: 32844458 PMCID: PMC7521248 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been validated valuable in predicting outcome and acute kidney injury (AKI) in several clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore whether RDW is associated with outcome and AKI in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Patients admitted to our hospital for TBI from January 2015 to August 2018 were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors of AKI and outcome in patients with TBI. The value of RDW in predicting AKI and outcome was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Three hundred and eighteen patients were included in this study. The median of RDW was 14.25%. We divided subjects into two groups based on the median and compared difference of variables between two groups. The incidence of AKI and mortality was higher in high RDW (RDW > 14.25) group (31.45% vs 9.43%, P < .001; 69.81% vs 29.56%, P < .001). Spearman's method showed RDW was moderately associated with 90‐day Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) (P < .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, RDW, lymphocyte, chlorine, and serum creatinine were risk factors of AKI. And Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), glucose, chlorine, AKI, and RDW were risk factors of mortality. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of RDW for predicting AKI and mortality was 0.724 (0.662‐0.786) and 0.754 (0.701‐0.807), respectively. Patients with higher RDW were likely to have shorter median survival time (58 vs 70, P < .001). Conclusions Red blood cell distribution width is an independent risk factor of AKI and mortality in patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Ran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Feng Ou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Qi Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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428
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PERK-STING Signaling Drives Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2384-2386. [PMID: 32188742 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2881-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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A Translational Study on Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: High Incidence of Epileptiform Activity on Human and Rat Electrocorticograms and Histological Correlates in Rats. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090570. [PMID: 32825101 PMCID: PMC7565553 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In humans, early pathological activity on invasive electrocorticograms (ECoGs) and its putative association with pathomorphology in the early period of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains obscure. Methods: We assessed pathological activity on scalp electroencephalograms (EEGs) and ECoGs in patients with acute TBI, early electrophysiological changes after lateral fluid percussion brain injury (FPI), and electrophysiological correlates of hippocampal damage (microgliosis and neuronal loss), a week after TBI in rats. Results: Epileptiform activity on ECoGs was evident in 86% of patients during the acute period of TBI, ECoGs being more sensitive to epileptiform and periodic discharges. A “brush-like” ECoG pattern superimposed over rhythmic delta activity and periodic discharge was described for the first time in acute TBI. In rats, FPI increased high-amplitude spike incidence in the neocortex and, most expressed, in the ipsilateral hippocampus, induced hippocampal microgliosis and neuronal loss, ipsilateral dentate gyrus being most vulnerable, a week after TBI. Epileptiform spike incidence correlated with microglial cell density and neuronal loss in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Conclusion: Epileptiform activity is frequent in the acute period of TBI period and is associated with distant hippocampal damage on a microscopic level. This damage is probably involved in late consequences of TBI. The FPI model is suitable for exploring pathogenetic mechanisms of post-traumatic disorders.
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430
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Willis EF, MacDonald KPA, Nguyen QH, Garrido AL, Gillespie ER, Harley SBR, Bartlett PF, Schroder WA, Yates AG, Anthony DC, Rose-John S, Ruitenberg MJ, Vukovic J. Repopulating Microglia Promote Brain Repair in an IL-6-Dependent Manner. Cell 2020; 180:833-846.e16. [PMID: 32142677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction and reactive microglia are hallmarks of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet whether these cells contribute to cognitive deficits and secondary inflammatory pathology remains poorly understood. Here, we show that removal of microglia from the mouse brain has little effect on the outcome of TBI, but inducing the turnover of these cells through either pharmacologic or genetic approaches can yield a neuroprotective microglial phenotype that profoundly aids recovery. The beneficial effects of these repopulating microglia are critically dependent on interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and robustly support adult neurogenesis, specifically by augmenting the survival of newborn neurons that directly support cognitive function. We conclude that microglia in the mammalian brain can be manipulated to adopt a neuroprotective and pro-regenerative phenotype that can aid repair and alleviate the cognitive deficits arising from brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Willis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kelli P A MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Quan H Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adahir Labrador Garrido
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ellen R Gillespie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samuel B R Harley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Perry F Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne A Schroder
- Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abi G Yates
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian Albrechts Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jana Vukovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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431
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Simon DW, Rogers MB, Gao Y, Vincent G, Firek BA, Janesko-Feldman K, Vagni V, Kochanek PM, Ozolek JA, Mollen KP, Clark RSB, Morowitz MJ. Depletion of gut microbiota is associated with improved neurologic outcome following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147056. [PMID: 32798452 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signaling between intestinal microbiota and the brain influences neurologic outcome in multiple forms of brain injury. The impact of gut microbiota following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been well established. Our objective was to compare TBI outcomes in specific pathogen-free mice with or without depletion of intestinal bacteria. Adult male C57BL6/J SPF mice (n = 6/group) were randomized to standard drinking water or ampicillin (1 g/L), metronidazole (1 g/L), neomycin (1 g/L), and vancomycin (0.5 g/L) (AMNV) containing drinking water 14 days prior to controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal pellets was performed and alpha and beta diversity determined. Hippocampal neuronal density and microglial activation was assessed 72 h post-injury by immunohistochemistry. In addition, mice (n = 8-12/group) were randomized to AMNV or no treatment initiated immediately after CCI and memory acquisition (fear conditioning) and lesion volume assessed. Mice receiving AMNV had significantly reduced alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and altered microbiota community composition compared to untreated mice (PERMANOVA: p < 0.01). Mice receiving AMNV prior to TBI had increased CA1 hippocampal neuronal density (15.2 ± 1.4 vs. 8.8 ± 2.1 cells/0.1 mm; p < 0.05) and a 26.6 ± 6.6% reduction in Iba-1 positive cells (p < 0.05) at 72 h. Mice randomized to AMNV immediately after CCI had attenuated associative learning deficit on fear conditioning test (%freeze Cue: 63.7 ± 2.7% vs. 41.0 ± 5.1%, p < 0.05) and decreased lesion volume (27.2 ± 0.8 vs. 24.6 ± 0.7 mm3, p < 0.05). In conclusion, depletion of intestinal microbiota was consistent with a neuroprotective effect whether initiated before or after injury in a murine model of TBI. Further investigations of the role of gut microbiota in TBI are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Simon
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Matthew B Rogers
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Garret Vincent
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian A Firek
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Keri Janesko-Feldman
- Departments of Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vincent Vagni
- Departments of Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John A Ozolek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P Mollen
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert S B Clark
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Morowitz
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Center for Microbiome and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Vedantam A, Brennan J, Levin HS, McCarthy JJ, Dash PK, Redell JB, Yamal JM, Robertson CS. Early versus Late Profiles of Inflammatory Cytokines after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Association with Neuropsychological Outcomes. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:53-62. [PMID: 32600167 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite pre-clinical evidence for the role of inflammation in traumatic brain injury (TBI), there is limited data on inflammatory biomarkers in mild TBI (mTBI). In this study, we describe the profile of plasma inflammatory cytokines and explore associations between these cytokines and neuropsychological outcomes after mTBI. Patients with mTBI with negative computed tomography and orthopedic injury (OI) controls without mTBI were prospectively recruited from emergency rooms at three trauma centers. Plasma inflammatory cytokine levels were measured from venous whole-blood samples that were collected at enrollment (within 24 h of injury) and at 6 months after injury. Neuropsychological tests were performed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the injury. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify associations between inflammatory cytokines and neuropsychological outcomes. A total of 53 mTBI and 24 OI controls were included in this study. The majority of patients were male (62.3%), and injured in motor vehicle accidents (37.7%). Plasma interleukin (IL)-2 (p = 0.01) and IL-6 (p = 0.01) within 24 h post-injury were significantly higher for mTBI patients compared with OI controls. Elevated plasma IL-2 at 24 h was associated with more severe 1-week post-concussive symptoms (p = 0.001). At 6 months, elevated plasma IL-10 was associated with greater depression scores (p = 0.004) and more severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (p = 0.001). Plasma cytokine levels (within 24 h and at 6 months post-injury) were significantly associated with early and late post-concussive symptoms, PTSD, and depression scores after mTBI. These results highlight the potential role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic symptoms after mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Vedantam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Brennan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James J McCarthy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John B Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jose-Miguel Yamal
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
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433
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Caplan HW, Prabhakara KS, Kumar A, Toledano‐Furman NE, Martin C, Carrillo L, Moreno NF, Bordt AS, Olson SD, Cox CS. Human cord blood-derived regulatory T-cell therapy modulates the central and peripheral immune response after traumatic brain injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:903-916. [PMID: 32383348 PMCID: PMC7381810 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a profound inflammatory response within the central nervous system and peripheral immune system, which contributes to secondary brain injury and further morbidity and mortality. Preclinical investigations have demonstrated that treatments that downregulate microglia activation and polarize them toward a reparative/anti-inflammatory phenotype have improved outcomes in preclinical models. However, no therapy to date has translated into proven benefits in human patients. Regulatory T cells (Treg) have been shown to downregulate pathologic immune responses of the innate and adaptive immune system across a variety of pathologies. Furthermore, cellular therapy has been shown to augment host Treg responses in preclinical models; yet, studies investigating the use of Treg as a therapeutic for TBI are lacking. In a rodent TBI model, we demonstrate that human umbilical cord blood Treg modulate the central and peripheral immune response after injury in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W. Caplan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Karthik S. Prabhakara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Akshita Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Naama E. Toledano‐Furman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Louis Carrillo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Nicolas F. Moreno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Andrea S. Bordt
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Scott D. Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Charles S. Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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434
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Yang Q, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Luo Y, Shen Y, Shao A. Will Sirtuins Be Promising Therapeutic Targets for TBI and Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:791. [PMID: 32848564 PMCID: PMC7411228 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, induces mechanical, persistent structural, and metabolic abnormalities in neurons and other brain-resident cells. The key pathological features of TBI include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These pathological processes persist for a period of time after TBIs. Sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases. The mammalian sirtuin family has seven members, referred to as Sirtuin (SIRT) 1-7. Accumulating evidence suggests that SIRT1 and SIRT3 play a neuroprotective role in TBI. Although the evidence is scant, considering the involvement of SIRT2, 4-7 in other brain injury models, they may also intervene in similar pathophysiology in TBI. Neurodegenerative diseases are generally accepted sequelae of TBI. It was found that TBI and neurodegenerative diseases have many similarities and overlaps in pathological features. Besides, sirtuins play some unique roles in some neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we propose that sirtuins might be a promising therapeutic target for both TBI and associated neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review the neuroprotective effects of sirtuins on TBI as well as related neurodegeneration and discuss the therapeutic potential of sirtuin modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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435
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Henry RJ, Meadows VE, Stoica BA, Faden AI, Loane DJ. Longitudinal Assessment of Sensorimotor Function after Controlled Cortical Impact in Mice: Comparison of Beamwalk, Rotarod, and Automated Gait Analysis Tests. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2709-2717. [PMID: 32484024 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are reported to experience long-term sensorimotor dysfunction, with gait deficits evident up to 2 years after the initial brain trauma. Experimental TBI including rodent models of penetrating ballistic-like brain injury and severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) can induce impairments in static and dynamic gait parameters. It is reported that the majority of deficits in gait-related parameters occur during the acute phase post-injury, as functional outcomes return toward baseline levels at chronic time points. In the present study, we carried out a longitudinal analysis of static, temporal and dynamic gait patterns following moderate-level CCI in adult male C57Bl/6J mice using the automated gait analysis apparatus, CatWalk. For comparison, we also performed longitudinal assessment of fine-motor coordination and function in CCI mice using more traditional sensorimotor behavioral tasks such as the beamwalk and accelerating rotarod tasks. We determined that longitudinal CatWalk analysis did not detect TBI-induced deficits in static, temporal, or dynamic gait parameters at acute or chronic time points. In contrast, the rotarod and beamwalk tasks showed that CCI mice had significant motor function impairments as demonstrated by deficits in balance and fine-motor coordination through 28 days post-injury. Stereological analysis confirmed that CCI produced a significant lesion in the parietal cortex at 28 days post-injury. Overall, these findings demonstrate that CatWalk analysis of gait parameters is not useful for assessment of long-term sensorimotor dysfunction after CCI, and that more traditional neurobehavioral tests should be used to quantify acute and chronic deficits in sensorimotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Henry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria E Meadows
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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436
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Cherry JD, Babcock KJ, Goldstein LE. Repetitive Head Trauma Induces Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy by Multiple Mechanisms. Semin Neurol 2020; 40:430-438. [PMID: 32674181 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to repetitive neurotrauma increases lifetime risk for developing progressive cognitive deficits, neurobehavioral abnormalities, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a tau protein neurodegenerative disease first identified in boxers and recently described in athletes participating in other contact sports (notably American football, ice hockey, rugby, and wrestling) and in military veterans with blast exposure. Currently, CTE can only be diagnosed by neuropathological examination of the brain after death. The defining diagnostic lesion of CTE consists of patchy perivascular accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein that localize in the sulcal depths of the cerebral cortex. Neuronal abnormalities, axonopathy, neurovascular dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are triggered by repetitive head impacts (RHIs) and likely act as catalysts for CTE pathogenesis and progression. However, the specific mechanisms that link RHI to CTE are unknown. This review will explore two important areas of CTE pathobiology. First, we will review what is known about the biomechanical properties of RHI that initiate CTE-related pathologies. Second, we will provide an overview of key features of CTE neuropathology and how these contribute to abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation, accumulation, and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Cherry
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katharine J Babcock
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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437
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Licoricidin improves neurological dysfunction after traumatic brain injury in mice via regulating FoxO3/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Nat Med 2020; 74:767-776. [PMID: 32656716 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability around the world with no effective treatments currently. The present study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of licoricidin, one of the major components of licorice extract, on TBI mice and further explore the underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6 mice were modeled by a modified weight-drop method to mimic TBI. All animals received treatment 30 min after TBI. The modified Neurological Severity Score (NSS) tests were performed at 2 h and 1-3 days after TBI. The brain edema was analyzed by dry-wet weight method. The malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined by Elisa. Apoptotic neurons were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) immunofluorescence and the expression of apoptotic proteins were measured by western blot. Activation of the FoxO3/Wnt/β-catenin was evaluated by western blot. The results showed that treatment with licoricidin could significantly decline the NSS scores and reduce the brain edema, hence promote the recovery of neurological function in TBI mice. It also elevated the phosphorylation of p66shc, brought down the levels of MDA, as well as antagonized the decrement in activities of GSH-PX, SOD and CAT induced by TBI. Moreover, licoricidin decreased the TUNEL positive neurons, downregulated the expression of Cyt-C, cleaved-Caspase-3, cleaved-Caspase-9 and Bax and upregulated the Bcl-2, attenuated cellular apoptosis. Licoricidin decreased the expression of FoxO3 and increased the Wnt/β-catenin in TBI mice. In conclusion, Licoricidin exerted neuroprotective effect on TBI model and the effect was possibly due to its antioxidative effect and antiapoptotic effect via regulating the FoxO3/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Licoricidin may be a candidate drug for TBI therapy.
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438
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Bony BA, Miller HA, Tarudji AW, Gee CC, Sarella A, Nichols MG, Kievit FM. Ultrasmall Mixed Eu-Gd Oxide Nanoparticles for Multimodal Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Passive Accumulation and Retention in TBI. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16220-16227. [PMID: 32656444 PMCID: PMC7346268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. TBI can have a long-term impact on the quality of life for survivors of all ages. However, there remains no approved treatment that improves outcomes following TBI, which is partially due to poor delivery of therapies into the brain. Therefore, there is a significant unmet need to develop more effective delivery strategies that increase the accumulation and retention of potentially efficacious treatments in the injured brain. Recent work has revealed that nanoparticles (NPs) may offer a promising approach for site-specific delivery; however, a detailed understanding of the specific NP properties that promote brain accumulation and retention are still being developed. Multimodal imaging plays a vital role in the understanding of physicochemical properties that initiate the uptake and accumulation of NPs in the brain at both high spatial (e.g., fluorescence imaging) and temporal (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) frequency. However, many NP systems that are currently used in TBI only provide contrast in a single imaging modality limiting the imaging data that can be obtained, and those that offer multimodal imaging capabilities have complicated multistep synthesis methods. Therefore, the goal of this work was to develop an ultrasmall NP with simple fabrication capable of multimodal imaging. Here, we describe the development, characterization, accumulation, and retention of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated europium-gadolinium (Eu-Gd) mixed magnetic NPs (MNPs) in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. We find that these NPs having an ultrasmall core size of 2 nm and a small hydrodynamic size of 13.5 nm can be detected in both fluorescence and MR imaging modalities and rapidly accumulate and are retained in injured brain parenchyma. These NPs should allow for further testing of NP physicochemical properties that promote accumulation and retention in TBI and other disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Alam Bony
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
| | - Hunter A. Miller
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
| | - Aria W. Tarudji
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
| | - Connor C. Gee
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
| | - Anandakumar Sarella
- Nebraska
Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University
of Nebraska—Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0298, United States
| | - Michael G. Nichols
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Forrest M. Kievit
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
- . Tel: +1-402-472-2175
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439
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Lonser RR, Zipfel GJ, Chiocca EA. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: current funding status, opportunities, challenges, emerging scientific advances, and recommendations for neurosurgery. J Neurosurg 2020; 133:1264-1269. [PMID: 32619985 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.jns201202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell R Lonser
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory J Zipfel
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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440
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Gatzinsky K, Johansson E, Jennische E, Oshalim M, Lange S. Elevated intracranial pressure after head trauma can be suppressed by antisecretory factor-a pilot study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:1629-1637. [PMID: 32445122 PMCID: PMC7295841 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Control of intracranial pressure (ICP) is a key element in neurointensive care for directing treatment decisions in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The anti-inflammatory protein antisecretory factor (AF) has been demonstrated to reduce experimentally induced high ICP in animal models. This report describes the first steps to investigate the uptake, safety, and influence of AF for reduction of elevated ICP in patients with TBI in a clinical setting. Method Four patients with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale < 9) that required neurointensive care with ICP monitoring due to signs of refractory intracranial hypertension were investigated. One hundred milliliters of Salovum®, a commercially available egg yolk powder with high contents of AF peptides, was administrated either via nasogastric (patients 1 and 2) or rectal tube (patients 2, 3, and 4) every 8 h for 2 to 3 days as a supplement to the conventional neurointensive care. ICP was registered continuously. Plasma levels of AF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to confirm that Salovum® was absorbed appropriately into the bloodstream. Results In the first two patients, we observed that when delivered by the nasogastric route, there was an accumulation of the Salovum® solution in the stomach with difficulties to control ICP due to impaired gastric emptying. Therefore, we tested to administer Salovum® rectally. In the third and fourth patients, who both showed radiological signs of extensive brain edema, ICP could be controlled during the course of rectal administration of Salovum®. The ICP reduction was statistically significant and was accompanied by an increase in blood levels of AF. No adverse events that could be attributed to AF treatment or the rectal approach for Salovum® administration were observed. Conclusions The outcomes suggest that AF can act as a suppressor of high ICP induced by traumatic brain edema. Use of AF may offer a new therapeutic option for targeting cerebral edema in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kliment Gatzinsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ewa Johansson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Jennische
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Merna Oshalim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lange
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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441
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Treble-Barna A, Pilipenko V, Wade SL, Jegga AG, Yeates KO, Taylor HG, Martin LJ, Kurowski BG. Cumulative Influence of Inflammatory Response Genetic Variation on Long-Term Neurobehavioral Outcomes after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Relative to Orthopedic Injury: An Exploratory Polygenic Risk Score. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1491-1503. [PMID: 32024452 PMCID: PMC7307697 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of genetic factors to prognostic models of neurobehavioral recovery following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) may account for unexplained heterogeneity in outcomes. The present study examined the cumulative influence of candidate genes involved in the inflammatory response on long-term neurobehavioral recovery in children with early childhood TBI relative to children with orthopedic injuries (OI). Participants were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal study evaluating outcomes of children who sustained TBI (n = 67) or OI (n = 68) between the ages of 3 and 7 years. Parents completed ratings of child executive function and behavior at an average of 6.8 years after injury. Exploratory unweighted and weighted polygenic risk scores (PRS) were constructed from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across candidate inflammatory response genes (i.e., angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE], brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL1RN], and 5'-ectonucleotidase [NT5E]) that showed nominal (p ≤ 0.20) associations with outcomes in the TBI group. Linear regression models tested the PRS × injury group (TBI vs. OI) interaction term and post-hoc analyses examined the effect of PRS within each injury group. Higher inflammatory response PRS were associated with more executive dysfunction and behavior problems in children with TBI but not in children with OI. The cumulative influence of inflammatory response genes as measured by PRS explained additional variance in long-term neurobehavioral outcomes, over and above well-established predictors and single candidate SNPs tested individually. The results suggest that some of the unexplained heterogeneity in long-term neurobehavioral outcomes following pediatric TBI may be attributable to a child's genetic predisposition to a greater or lesser inflammatory response to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amery Treble-Barna
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennslvania, USA
| | - Valentina Pilipenko
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shari L. Wade
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H. Gerry Taylor
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brad G. Kurowski
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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442
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Siebold L, Krueger AC, Abdala JA, Figueroa JD, Bartnik-Olson B, Holshouser B, Wilson CG, Ashwal S. Cosyntropin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:109. [PMID: 32670020 PMCID: PMC7332854 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality/morbidity and is associated with chronic neuroinflammation. Melanocortin receptor agonists including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ameliorate inflammation and provide a novel therapeutic approach. We examined the effect of long-acting cosyntropin (CoSyn), a synthetic ACTH analog, on the early inflammatory response and functional outcome following experimental TBI. Methods: The controlled cortical impact model was used to induce TBI in mice. Mice were assigned to injury and treatment protocols resulting in four experimental groups including sham + saline, sham + CoSyn, TBI + saline, and TBI + CoSyn. Treatment was administered subcutaneously 3 h post-injury and daily injections were given for up to 7 days post-injury. The early inflammatory response was evaluated at 3 days post-injury through the evaluation of cytokine expression (IL1β and TNFα) and immune cell response. Quantification of immune cell response included cell counts of microglia/macrophages (Iba1+ cells) and neutrophils (MPO+ cells) in the cortex and hippocampus. Behavioral testing (n = 10–14 animals/group) included open field (OF) and novel object recognition (NOR) during the first week following injury and Morris water maze (MWM) at 10–15 days post-injury. Results: Immune cell quantification showed decreased accumulation of Iba1+ cells in the perilesional cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampus for CoSyn-treated TBI animals compared to saline-treated. Reduced numbers of MPO+ cells were also found in the perilesional cortex and hippocampus in CoSyn treated TBI mice compared to their saline-treated counterparts. Furthermore, CoSyn treatment reduced IL1β expression in the cortex of TBI mice. Behavioral testing showed a treatment effect of CoSyn for NOR with CoSyn increasing the discrimination ratio in both TBI and Sham groups, indicating increased memory performance. CoSyn also decreased latency to find platform during the early training period of the MWM when comparing CoSyn to saline-treated TBI mice suggesting moderate improvements in spatial memory following CoSyn treatment. Conclusion: Reduced microglia/macrophage accumulation and neutrophil infiltration in conjunction with moderate improvements in spatial learning in our CoSyn treated TBI mice suggests a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of CoSyn following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Siebold
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Amy C Krueger
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan A Abdala
- The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Johnny D Figueroa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Brenda Bartnik-Olson
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Holshouser
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Ashwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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Lin CT, Lecca D, Yang LY, Luo W, Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Huang PS, Jung YJ, Kim DS, Yang CH, Hoffer BJ, Wang JY, Greig NH. 3,6'-dithiopomalidomide reduces neural loss, inflammation, behavioral deficits in brain injury and microglial activation. eLife 2020; 9:e54726. [PMID: 32589144 PMCID: PMC7375814 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes mortality and disability worldwide. It can initiate acute cell death followed by secondary injury induced by microglial activation, oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy in brain tissue, resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits. We evaluated a new pomalidomide (Pom) analog, 3,6'-dithioPom (DP), and Pom as immunomodulatory agents to mitigate TBI-induced cell death, neuroinflammation, astrogliosis and behavioral impairments in rats challenged with controlled cortical impact TBI. Both agents significantly reduced the injury contusion volume and degenerating neuron number evaluated histochemically and by MRI at 24 hr and 7 days, with a therapeutic window of 5 hr post-injury. TBI-induced upregulated markers of microglial activation, astrogliosis and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, COX-2, and autophagy-associated proteins were suppressed, leading to an amelioration of behavioral deficits with DP providing greater efficacy. Complementary animal and cellular studies demonstrated DP and Pom mediated reductions in markers of neuroinflammation and α-synuclein-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Tung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ling-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Weiming Luo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Pen-Sen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yoo-Jin Jung
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
- AevisBio IncGaithersburgUnited States
- AevisBio IncDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
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Chen L, Song Q, Chen Y, Meng S, Zheng M, Huang J, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Feng J, Chen H, Jiang G, Gao X. Tailored Reconstituted Lipoprotein for Site-Specific and Mitochondria-Targeted Cyclosporine A Delivery to Treat Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6636-6648. [PMID: 32464051 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The secondary damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to lifelong disabilities, bringing enormous economic and psychological burden to patients and their families. Mitochondria, as the core mediator of the secondary injury cascade reaction in TBI, is an important target to prevent the spread of cell death and dysfunction. Thus, therapeutics that can accumulate at the damaged sites and subsequently rescue the functions of mitochondria would largely improve the outcome of TBI. Cyclosporine A (CsA), which can maintain the integrity of mitochondrial function, is among the most promising neuroprotective therapeutics for TBI treatment. However, the clinical application of CsA in TBI is largely hindered because of its poor access to the targets. Here, to realize targeted intracellular CsA delivery, we designed a lipoprotein biomimetic nanocarrier by incorporating CsA in the core and decorating a matrix metalloproteinase-9 activatable cell-penetrating peptide onto the surface of the lipoprotein-mimic nanocarrier. This CsA-loaded tailored reconstituted lipoprotein efficiently accumulated at the damaged brain sites, entered the target cells, bound to the membrane of mitochondria, more efficiently reduced neuronal damage, alleviated neuroinflammation, and rescued memory deficits at the dose 1/16 of free CsA in a controlled cortical impact injury mice model. The findings provide strong evidence that the secondary damages in TBI can be well controlled through targeted CsA delivery and highlight the potential of a lipoprotein biomimetic nanocarrier as a flexible nanoplatform for the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lepei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuang Meng
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mengna Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiyao Jiang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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445
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Shah EJ, Gurdziel K, Ruden DM. Drosophila Exhibit Divergent Sex-Based Responses in Transcription and Motor Function After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:511. [PMID: 32636795 PMCID: PMC7316956 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of people in the US suffer brain damage from mild to severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) that result from a sudden impact to the head. Despite TBI being a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, sex differences that contribute to varied outcomes post-injury are not extensively studied and therefore, poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore biological sex as a variable influencing response to TBI using Drosophila melanogaster as a model, since flies have been shown to exhibit symptoms commonly seen in other mammalian models of TBI. After inflicting TBI using the high-impact trauma device, we isolated w1118 fly brains and assessed gene transcription changes in male and female flies at control and 1, 2, and 4 hr after TBI. Our results suggest that overall, Drosophila females show more gene transcript changes than males. Females also exhibit upregulated expression changes in immune response and mitochondrial genes across all time-points. In addition, we looked at the impact of injury on mitochondrial health and motor function in both sexes before and after injury. Although both sexes report similar changes in mitochondrial oxidation and negative geotaxis, locomotor activity appears to be more impaired in males than females. These data suggest that sex-differences not only influence the response to TBI but also contribute to varied outcomes post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta J Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Office of the Vice President for Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Office of the Vice President for Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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446
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Vigil FA, Carver CM, Shapiro MS. Pharmacological Manipulation of K v 7 Channels as a New Therapeutic Tool for Multiple Brain Disorders. Front Physiol 2020; 11:688. [PMID: 32636759 PMCID: PMC7317068 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
K v 7 ("M-type," KCNQ) K+ currents, play dominant roles in controlling neuronal excitability. They act as a "brake" against hyperexcitable states in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Pharmacological augmentation of M current has been developed for controlling epileptic seizures, although current pharmacological tools are uneven in practical usefulness. Lately, however, M-current "opener" compounds have been suggested to be efficacious in preventing brain damage after multiple types of insults/diseases, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, drug addiction and mood disorders. In this review, we will discuss what is known to date on these efforts and identify gaps in our knowledge regarding the link between M current and therapeutic potential for these disorders. We will outline the preclinical experiments that are yet to be performed to demonstrate the likelihood of success of this approach in human trials. Finally, we also address multiple pharmacological tools available to manipulate different K v 7 subunits and the relevant evidence for translational application in the clinical use for disorders of the central nervous system and multiple types of brain insults. We feel there to be great potential for manipulation of K v 7 channels as a novel therapeutic mode of intervention in the clinic, and that the paucity of existing therapies obligates us to perform further research, so that patients can soon benefit from such therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Vigil
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Chase M Carver
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark S Shapiro
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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447
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Ghai V, Fallen S, Baxter D, Scherler K, Kim TK, Zhou Y, Meabon JS, Logsdon AF, Banks WA, Schindler AG, Cook DG, Peskind ER, Lee I, Wang K. Alterations in Plasma microRNA and Protein Levels in War Veterans with Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1418-1430. [PMID: 32024417 PMCID: PMC7249467 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is considered the "signature" injury of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Identifying biomarkers that could aid in diagnosis and assessment of chronic mTBI are urgently needed, as little progress has been made toward identifying blood-based biomarkers of repetitive mTBI in the chronic state. Addressing this knowledge gap is especially important in the population of military veterans who are receiving assessment and care often years after their last exposure. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), especially those encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), have gained interest as a source of biomarkers for neurological conditions. To identify biomarkers for chronic mTBI, we used next generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze miRNAs in plasma and plasma-derived EVs from 27 Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans with blast-related chronic mTBI, 11 deployed veteran non-TBI controls, and 31 civilian controls. We identified 32 miRNAs in plasma and 45 miRNAs in EVs that significantly changed in the chronic mTBI cohort compared with control groups. These miRNAs were predominantly associated with pathways involved in neuronal function, vascular remodeling, blood-brain barrier integrity, and neuroinflammation. In addition, the plasma proteome was analyzed and showed that the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) were elevated in chronic mTBI samples. These plasma miRNAs and proteins could potentially be used as biomarkers and provide insights into the molecular processes associated with the long-term health outcomes associated with blast-related chronic mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Ghai
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - David Baxter
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Taek-Kyun Kim
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James S. Meabon
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Network Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (VAPSHCS), Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (VAPSHCS), Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (VAPSHCS), Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abigail G. Schindler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (VAPSHCS), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David G. Cook
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (VAPSHCS), Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elaine R. Peskind
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Network Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (VAPSHCS), Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Inyoul Lee
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Address correspondence to: Kai Wang, PhD, Hood-Price Lab, Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-5263, USA
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448
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Wang H, Zhou XM, Wu LY, Liu GJ, Xu WD, Zhang XS, Gao YY, Tao T, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Wang J, Deng CL, Zhuang Z, Hang CH, Li W. Aucubin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2-mediated signaling activity in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:188. [PMID: 32539839 PMCID: PMC7294631 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aucubin (Au), an iridoid glycoside from natural plants, has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities; however, its effects on a traumatic brain injury (TBI) model remain unknown. We explored the potential role of Au in an H2O2-induced oxidant damage in primary cortical neurons and weight-drop induced-TBI in a mouse model. Methods In vitro experiments, the various concentrations of Au (50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, or 200 μg/ml) were added in culture medium at 0 h and 6 h after neurons stimulated by H2O2 (100 μM). After exposed for 12 h, neurons were collected for western blot (WB), immunofluorescence, and M29,79-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. In vivo experiments, Au (20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally at 30 min, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after modeling. Brain water content, neurological deficits, and cognitive functions were measured at specific time, respectively. Cortical tissue around focal trauma was collected for WB, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, Nissl staining, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 72 h after TBI. RNA interference experiments were performed to determine the effects of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) on TBI mice with Au (40 mg/kg) treatment. Mice were intracerebroventricularly administrated with lentivirus at 72 h before TBI establishment. The cortex was obtained at 72 h after TBI and used for WB and q-PCR. Results Au enhanced the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, activated antioxidant enzymes, suppressed excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced cell apoptosis both in vitro and vivo experiments. In the mice model of TBI, Au markedly attenuated brain edema, histological damages, and improved neurological and cognitive deficits. Au significantly suppressed high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-mediated aseptic inflammation. Nrf2 knockdown in TBI mice blunted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotective effects of the Au. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that Au provides a neuroprotective effect in TBI mice model by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses; the mechanisms involve triggering Nrf2-induced antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guang-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wei-Dong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yong-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chu-Lei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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449
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Zhou Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu H, Xu W, Pan Y, Gao S, Dong X, Zhang JH, Shao A. Persistent Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction: Pathophysiological Substrate and Trigger for Late-Onset Neurodegeneration After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:581. [PMID: 32581697 PMCID: PMC7296179 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the major causes of death worldwide and leads to persisting neurological deficits in many of the survivors. One of the most significant long-term sequelae deriving from TBI is neurodegenerative disease, which is a group of incurable diseases that impose a heavy socio-economic burden. However, mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of TBI to neurodegenerative disease remain elusive. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a functional unit composed of neurons, neuroglia, vascular cells, and the basal lamina matrix. The key role of NVU dysfunction in many central nervous system diseases has been revealed. Studies have proved the presence of prolonged structural and functional abnormalities of the NVU after TBI. Moreover, growing evidence suggests impaired NVU function is also implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we propose the Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction (NVUD) Hypothesis, in which the persistent NVU dysfunction is thought to underlie the development of post-TBI neurodegeneration. We deduce NVUD Hypothesis through relational inference and supporting evidence, and suggest continued NVU abnormalities following TBI serve as the pathophysiological substrate and trigger yielding chronic neuroinflammation, proteinopathies and oxidative stress, consequently leading to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The NVUD Hypothesis may provide potential treatment and prevention strategies for TBI and late-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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450
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Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Next Generation of Stem Cell-Based Therapy for TBI. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114051. [PMID: 32516998 PMCID: PMC7312789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as an attractive approach for restorative medicine in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), due to their relatively easy derivation and therapeutic effect following transplantation. However, the long-term survival of the grafted cells and therapeutic efficacy need improvement. Here, we review the recent application of MSCs in TBI treatment in preclinical models. We discuss the genetic modification approaches designed to enhance the therapeutic potency of MSCs for TBI treatment by improving their survival after transplantation, enhancing their homing abilities and overexpressing neuroprotective and neuroregenerative factors. We highlight the latest preclinical studies that have used genetically modified MSCs for TBI treatment. The recent developments in MSCs’ biology and potential TBI therapeutic targets may sufficiently improve the genetic modification strategies for MSCs, potentially bringing effective MSC-based therapies for TBI treatment in humans.
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