4851
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Rinaldi B, S. N. Rinaldi JP. Available evidence on risk factors associated with COVID-19's poorer outcomes, worldwide and in Brazil. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2020. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v10i2.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Analyse availability and quality of existing evidence on COVID-19's risk factors and underlying health conditions that are associated with poorer outcomes, worldwide and in Brazil. Methods: EBMR (Ovid), Google Scholar, MEDLINE (OvidSP), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO) and Cochrane Library databases were screened, plus Brazilian government epidemiological reports. A body of 25 articles plus 1 report met the inclusion criteria. Results: Available data are still disconnected and several biases exist throughout literature, mainly due to COVID-19 novelty aspect. Hypertension was the most analysed risk factor, followed by diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Availability of Brazilian data is significantly scarce and only governmental reports are readily available. Conclusion: Further studies, with good methodological designs, are needed to provide good levels of evidence in order to provide solid background to help the pandemic’s mitigation strategies.
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4852
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El Baz S, Imziln B. Can Aerosols and Wastewater be Considered as Potential Transmissional Sources of COVID-19 to Humans? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejeph/8324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4853
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Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate, BBIBP-CorV, with Potent Protection against SARS-CoV-2. Cell 2020; 182:713-721.e9. [PMID: 32778225 PMCID: PMC7275151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) threatens global public health. The development of a vaccine is urgently needed for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Here, we report the pilot-scale production of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (BBIBP-CorV) that induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies titers in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and nonhuman primates (cynomolgus monkeys and rhesus macaques) to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. Two-dose immunizations using 2 μg/dose of BBIBP-CorV provided highly efficient protection against SARS-CoV-2 intratracheal challenge in rhesus macaques, without detectable antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. In addition, BBIBP-CorV exhibits efficient productivity and good genetic stability for vaccine manufacture. These results support the further evaluation of BBIBP-CorV in a clinical trial.
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4854
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Shang Y, Pan C, Yang X, Zhong M, Shang X, Wu Z, Yu Z, Zhang W, Zhong Q, Zheng X, Sang L, Jiang L, Zhang J, Xiong W, Liu J, Chen D. Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China. Ann Intensive Care 2020; 10:73. [PMID: 32506258 PMCID: PMC7275657 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has swept all over the world, posing a great pressure on critical care resources due to large number of patients needing critical care. Statements from front-line experts in the field of intensive care are urgently needed. METHODS Sixteen front-line experts in China fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan were organized to develop an expert statement after 5 rounds of expert seminars and discussions to provide trustworthy recommendation on the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Each expert was assigned tasks within their field of expertise to provide draft statements and rationale. Parts of the expert statement are based on epidemiological and clinical evidence, without available scientific evidences. RESULTS A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Among them, 5 recommendations were strong (Grade 1), 21 were weak (Grade 2), and 20 were experts' opinions. A strong agreement from voting participants was obtained for all recommendations. CONCLUSION There are still no targeted therapies for COVID-19 patients. Dynamic monitoring and supportive treatment for the restoration of tissue vascularization and organ function are particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuling Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Emergency Department, the 900th Hospital of Joint Service Corps of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Sang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, GuangZhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, No. 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Dechang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, No. 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 201801, China.
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4855
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Sidiq KR, Sabir DK, Ali SM, Kodzius R. Does Early Childhood Vaccination Protect Against COVID-19? Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:120. [PMID: 32582766 PMCID: PMC7292051 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an on-going pandemic caused by the SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which targets the respiratory system of humans. The published data show that children, unlike adults, are less susceptible to contracting the disease. This article aims at understanding why children constitute a minor group among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Here, we hypothesize that the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine could provide a broad neutralizing antibody against numbers of diseases, including COVID-19. Our hypothesis is based on the 30 amino acid sequence homology between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein (PDB: 6VSB) of both the measles virus fusion (F1) glycoprotein (PDB: 5YXW_B) and the rubella virus envelope (E1) glycoprotein (PDB: 4ADG_A). Computational analysis of the homologous region detected the sequence as antigenic epitopes in both measles and rubella. Therefore, we believe that humoral immunity, created through the MMR vaccination, provides children with advantageous protection against COVID-19 as well, however, an experimental analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karzan R. Sidiq
- Charmo Centre for Research, Training and Consultancy, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Iraq
| | - Dana Khdr Sabir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Iraq
| | - Shakhawan M. Ali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Rimantas Kodzius
- Panevezys Faculty of Technology and Business, Kaunas Technology University (KTU), Panevezys, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
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4856
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Cimolai N. Features of enteric disease from human coronaviruses: Implications for COVID-19. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1834-1844. [PMID: 32462689 PMCID: PMC7283829 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses have long been studied in both human and veterinary fields. Whereas the initial detection of endemic human respiratory coronaviruses was problematic, detection of these and newly discovered human coronaviruses has been greatly facilitated with major advances in the laboratory. Nevertheless, technological factors can affect the accuracy and timeliness of virus detection. Many human coronaviruses can be variably found in stool samples. All human coronaviruses have been variably associated with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Coronaviruses can occasionally be cultured from enteric specimens, but most detection is accomplished with genetic amplification technologies. Excretion of viral RNA in stool can extend for a prolonged period. Culture‐positive stool samples have been found to exceed a fourteen day period after onset of infection for some coronaviruses. Virus can also sometimes be cultured from patients' respiratory samples during the late incubation period. Relatively asymptomatic patients may excrete virus. Both viable and nonviable virus can be found in the immediate environment of the patient, the health care worker, and less often the public. These lessons from the past study of animal and human coronaviruses can be extended to presumptions for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Already, the early reports from the coronavirus disease‐2019 pandemic are confirming some concerns. These data have the cumulative potential to cause us to rethink some current and common public health and infection control strategies. coronaviruses are variably found in human enteric samples during the course of infection. abdominal and intestinal illnesses are associated with coronavirus infections. enteric excretion of live virus and viral RNA have been confirmed. occasionally, live virus can be found in stool samples to exceed a fourteen day period after disease onset, and virus can also be cultured from these samples during the late incubation period or from asymptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevio Cimolai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4857
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Wu J, Liu X, Zhou D, Qiu G, Dai M, Yang Q, Pan Z, Zhou N, Wu P. Identification of RT-PCR-Negative Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients via Serological Testing. Front Public Health 2020; 8:267. [PMID: 32582617 PMCID: PMC7294962 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic individuals with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been identified via nucleic acid testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, the epidemiologic characteristics and viral shedding pattern of asymptomatic patients remain largely unknown. In this study, serological testing was applied when identifying nine asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 who showed persistent negative RT-PCR test results for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and no symptoms of COVID-19. Two asymptomatic cases were presumed to be index patients who had cleared the virus when their close contacts developed symptoms of COVID-19. Three of the asymptomatic cases were local individuals who spontaneously recovered before their presumed index patients developed symptoms of COVID-19. This report presents the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection that were undetected on RT-PCR tests in previous epidemiologic investigations probably due to the transient viral shedding duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Wu
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Loudi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Loudi, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Loudi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Loudi, China
| | - Guangqian Qiu
- Loudi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Loudi, China
| | - Miao Dai
- Loudi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Loudi, China
| | - Qingting Yang
- Loudi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Loudi, China
| | - Zhonghui Pan
- Xinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinhua, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pa Wu
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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4858
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Abstract
Introduction: A phenomenological approach is proposed to monitor the propagation of the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: A large set of data collected during the first months of 2020 is compiled into a series of semi-logarithmic plots, for a selection of 32 countries from the five continents.Results: Three regimes are identified in the propagation of an epidemic wave: a pre-epidemic regime 1, an exponential-growth regime 2, and a resorption regime 3. A two-parameters scaling of the first-wave death variation reported in China is used to fit the first-wave data reported in other countries. Comparison is made between the propagation of the pandemic in different countries, which are classified into four groups, from Group A where the pandemic first waves were contained efficiently, to Group D where the pandemic first waves widely spread. All Asian countries considered here, where fast and efficient measures have been applied, are in Group A. Group D is composed of Western-European countries and the United States of America (USA), where late decisions and confused political communication (pandemic seriousness, protection masks, herd immunity, etc.) led to a large number of deaths.Discussion:The threat of resurging epidemic waves following a lift of lockdown measures is discussed. The results obtained in Asian countries from group A, as Hong Kong and South Korea, are highlighted, and the measures taken there are presented as examples that other countries may follow.
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4859
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Abstract
Some nations in the world and some states in India have had more success in containing this pandemic. Recent efforts in strengthening the health sector have focused largely on reforms in modes of financing, but as the pandemic brings home to us, the main challenge in India remains the challenge of the organization of public services using a health systems understanding. A close to community comprehensive primary health care, quality assurance, and planned excess capacity in public health systems, a more robust disease surveillance systems that can integrate data on new outbreaks and the indigenous technological capacity to scale up innovation and manufacture of essential health commodities are some of our most important requirements for both epidemic preparedness and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sundararaman
- Global Coordinator, Peoples Health Movement, and Adjunct Faculty, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
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4860
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Abstract
Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 24 May 2020: notifications = 7,135; deaths = 102. The incidence of COVID-19 has markedly reduced since a peak in mid-March. There have been no cases reported in SA, the NT or the ACT in the last four weeks. The numbers of new cases reported from other jurisdictions continue to be very low. Testing rates have been higher across all jurisdictions, with Victoria reporting an 85% testing rate increase and NSW a 40% increase over this period. The positivity rate nationally continues to remain very low at less than 0.1% over the reporting period. Continued high rates of testing are necessary to detect and mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in the community. Over the past fortnight, 45% of cases acquired their infection overseas. Of cases considered to be locally acquired over this period, most were associated with contacts of confirmed cases or were associated with known outbreaks. The highest rate of COVID-19 continues to be among people aged 65-79 years. Three-quarters of all cases in this age group have been associated with overseas travel, including several outbreaks linked to cruise ships. The lowest rate of disease is in children under 18, a pattern reflected in international reports. A small proportion of cases overall have experienced severe disease, requiring hospitalisation or intensive care with some fatalities. The crude case fatality rate amongst Australian cases is 1.4%. People who are older and have one or more comorbidities are more likely to experience severe disease. A combination of early case identification, physical distancing, public health measures and a reduction in international travel have likely been effective in slowing the spread of the disease in Australia. In addition, the median number of days between symptom onset and diagnostic testing has improved considerably from 7 days in the early phase of the outbreak to 1 day in the latest phase of the epidemic. Internationally, as at 24 May 2020, there have been recent increases in the number of daily cases reported globally. The largest numbers of both cases and deaths have been reported in the United States. Of the confirmed cases reported globally, the case fatality rate is approximately 6.5%. Countries in South America are starting to see rapid acceleration, while the United States is seeing a very slow decline in its daily new case numbers. In the South East Asia region, India and Bangladesh are seeing accelerating epidemics, compounded by the recovery from Cyclone Amphan. Increasing numbers of cases are also being reported in Africa, although the numbers are much smaller. In the Pacific there are very few daily new cases reported.
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4861
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Zhang Y, Wen J, Chen C, Zeng L, Yang L, Huang C, Feng A, Miao X, Alamgir M, Rao B, Li Y, Tao J. Challenges and countermeasures in the prevention of nosocomial infections of SARS-CoV-2 before resumption of work: Implications for the dermatology department. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:961-963. [PMID: 32497702 PMCID: PMC7262519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Changzheng Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiping Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mahin Alamgir
- Department of Dermatology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (Rutgers-RWJMS), Somerset, New Jersey
| | - Babar Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (Rutgers-RWJMS), Somerset, New Jersey
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics, Wuhan, China.
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics, Wuhan, China
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4862
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Sakib MN, Butt ZA, Morita PP, Oremus M, Fong GT, Hall PA. Considerations for an Individual-Level Population Notification System for Pandemic Response: A Review and Prototype. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e19930. [PMID: 32484443 PMCID: PMC7279045 DOI: 10.2196/19930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, spread worldwide after its emergence in China. Whether rich or poor, all nations are struggling to cope with this new global health crisis. The speed of the threat's emergence and the quick response required from public health authorities and the public itself makes evident the need for a major reform in pandemic surveillance and notification systems. The development and implementation of a graded, individual-level pandemic notification system could be an effective tool to combat future threats of epidemics. This paper describes a prototype model of such a notification system and its potential advantages and challenges for implementation. Similar to other emergency alerts, this system would include a number of threat levels (level 1-5) with a higher level indicating increasing severity and intensity of safety measures (eg, level 1: general hygiene, level 2: enhanced hygiene, level 3: physical distancing, level 4: shelter in place, and level 5: lockdown). The notifications would be transmitted to cellular devices via text message (for lower threat levels) or push notification (for higher threat levels). The notification system would allow the public to be informed about the threat level in real time and act accordingly in an organized manner. New Zealand and the United Kingdom have recently launched similar alert systems designed to coordinate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response more efficiently. Implementing such a system, however, faces multiple challenges. Extensive preparation and coordination among all levels of government and relevant sectors are required. Additionally, such systems may be effective primarily in countries where there exists at least moderate trust in government. Advance and ongoing public education about the nature of the system and its steps would be an essential part of the system, such that all members of the public understand the meaning of each step in advance, similar to what has been established in systems for other emergency responses. This educational component is of utmost importance to minimize adverse public reaction and unintended consequences. The use of mass media and local communities could be considered where mobile phone penetration is low. The implementation of such a notification system would be more challenging in developing countries for several reasons, including inadequate technology, limited use of data plans, high population density, poverty, mistrust in government, and tendency to ignore or failure to understand the warning messages. Despite the challenges, an individual-level pandemic notification system could provide added benefits by giving an additional route for notification that would be complementary to existing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazmus Sakib
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zahid A Butt
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Plinio Pelegrini Morita
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo and Schlegel Villages, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- eHealth Innovation, Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Oremus
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A Hall
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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4863
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Zhan
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Xiang Xue
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Shuaijun Zhu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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4864
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Liu J, Xiao Y, Shen Y, Shi C, Chen Y, Shi P, Gao Y, Wang Y, Lu B. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in anal from patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1769-1771. [PMID: 32285947 PMCID: PMC7262280 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujun Chen
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumeng Gao
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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4865
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Tariq A, Lee Y, Roosa K, Blumberg S, Yan P, Ma S, Chowell G. Real-time monitoring the transmission potential of COVID-19 in Singapore, March 2020. BMC Med 2020; 18:166. [PMID: 32493466 PMCID: PMC7268586 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As of March 31, 2020, the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic that started in China in December 2019 is now generating local transmission around the world. The geographic heterogeneity and associated intervention strategies highlight the need to monitor in real time the transmission potential of COVID-19. Singapore provides a unique case example for monitoring transmission, as there have been multiple disease clusters, yet transmission remains relatively continued. METHODS Here we estimate the effective reproduction number, Rt, of COVID-19 in Singapore from the publicly available daily case series of imported and autochthonous cases by date of symptoms onset, after adjusting the local cases for reporting delays as of March 17, 2020. We also derive the reproduction number from the distribution of cluster sizes using a branching process analysis that accounts for truncation of case counts. RESULTS The local incidence curve displays sub-exponential growth dynamics, with the reproduction number following a declining trend and reaching an estimate at 0.7 (95% CI 0.3, 1.0) during the first transmission wave by February 14, 2020, while the overall R based on the cluster size distribution as of March 17, 2020, was estimated at 0.6 (95% CI 0.4, 1.02). The overall mean reporting delay was estimated at 6.4 days (95% CI 5.8, 6.9), but it was shorter among imported cases compared to local cases (mean 4.3 vs. 7.6 days, Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The trajectory of the reproduction number in Singapore underscores the significant effects of successful containment efforts in Singapore, but it also suggests the need to sustain social distancing and active case finding efforts to stomp out all active chains of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Tariq
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Yiseul Lee
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Kimberlyn Roosa
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Seth Blumberg
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ping Yan
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stefan Ma
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Public Health Group, Ministry of Health Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerardo Chowell
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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4866
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Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Sanchis-Gomar F, Henry BM. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients dying from COVID-19 in Italy vs China. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1759-1760. [PMID: 32275075 PMCID: PMC7262193 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Mattiuzzi
- Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services, Trento, Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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4867
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Razdan K, Singh K, Singh D. Vitamin D Levels and COVID-19 Susceptibility: Is there any Correlation? MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 7:100051. [PMID: 32835212 PMCID: PMC7266578 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major pandemic and now a leading cause of death worldwide. Currently, no drugs/vaccine is available for the treatment of this disease. Future preventions and social distancing are the only ways to prevent this disease from community transmission. Vitamin D is an important micronutrient and has been reported to improve immunity and protect against respiratory illness. This short review highlights the important scientific link between Vitamin D levels and susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients. This review also discusses recommendations for Vitamin D dose required for healthy as well as COVID-19 susceptible patients for protection and prevention. COVID-19 is a pandemic outbreak affecting people globally. Vitamin D supplementation could increase the immunity and decrease the COVID-19 susceptibility The mechanisms linking Vitamin D levels and immune system have been described in this review
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Razdan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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4868
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The importance of designing and implementing participatory surveillance system: An approach as early detection and prevention of novel coronavirus (2019-nCov). Am J Infect Control 2020; 48:731. [PMID: 32247584 PMCID: PMC7118640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4869
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Amirian ES. Potential fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Current evidence and implications for public health. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 95:363-370. [PMID: 32335340 PMCID: PMC7195510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and has since become a global pandemic, with hundreds of thousands of cases and over 165 countries affected. Primary routes of transmission of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are through respiratory droplets and close person-to-person contact. While information about other potential modes of transmission are relatively sparse, evidence supporting the possibility of a fecally mediated mode of transmission has been accumulating. Here, current knowledge on the potential for fecal transmission is briefly reviewed and the possible implications are discussed from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Susan Amirian
- Public Health and Healthcare Program, Texas Policy Lab, School of Social Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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4870
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Last haircut in Amwaj: COVID-19 in Bahrain. Br J Gen Pract 2020; 70:293. [DOI: 10.3399/bjgp20x710189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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4871
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Peeters M, van Dam P, Rasschaert MA, Vulsteke C, De Keersmaecker S, Croes L, Van Brussel I, Ravelingien J, Janssens A, Prenen H. Prescreening for COVID-19 in patients receiving cancer treatment using a patient-reported outcome platform. ESMO Open 2020; 5:e000817. [PMID: 32571785 PMCID: PMC7307523 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Peeters
- Department of Medical Oncology, MOCA, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy & Oncology (MIPRO), Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Peter van Dam
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy & Oncology (MIPRO), Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium; Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, MOCA, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marika Anna Rasschaert
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, MOCA, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christof Vulsteke
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy & Oncology (MIPRO), Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares VZW, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sven De Keersmaecker
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, MOCA, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Croes
- Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Maria Middelares VZW, Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Annelies Janssens
- Unit of Thoracic Oncology, MOCA, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Department of Medical Oncology, MOCA, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy & Oncology (MIPRO), Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
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4872
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Jin H, Hong C, Chen S, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Mao L, Li Y, He Q, Li M, Su Y, Wang D, Wang L, Hu B. Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 5:146-151. [PMID: 32385132 PMCID: PMC7211095 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic disease globally. Although COVID-19 directly invades lungs, it also involves the nervous system. Therefore, patients with nervous system involvement as the presenting symptoms in the early stage of infection may easily be misdiagnosed and their treatment delayed. They become silent contagious sources or 'virus spreaders'. In order to help neurologists to better understand the occurrence, development and prognosis, we have developed this consensus of prevention and management of COVID-19. It can also assist other healthcare providers to be familiar with and recognise COVID-19 in their evaluation of patients in the clinic and hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Candong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengcai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quanwei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - David Wang
- Neurovascular Division, Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute/Saint Joseph Hospital Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Longde Wang
- Stroke Prevention and Control Steering Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4873
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Zhang J, Wang S, Xue Y. Fecal specimen diagnosis 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. J Med Virol 2020; 92:680-682. [PMID: 32124995 PMCID: PMC7228355 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China, it has spread globally. We extracted the data on 14 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinhua Municipal Central hospital through 27 January 2020. We found that compared to pharyngeal swab specimens, nucleic acid detection of COVID-19 in fecal specimens was equally accurate. And we found that patients with a positive stool test did not experience gastrointestinal symptoms and had nothing to do with the severity of the lung infection. These results may help to understand the clinical diagnosis and the changes in clinical parameters of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingCheng Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Jinhua Municipal Central HospitalJinhua Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - SaiBin Wang
- Department of Respiration, Jinhua Municipal Central HospitalJinhua Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - YaDong Xue
- Department of Respiration, Jinhua Municipal Central HospitalJinhua Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityJinhuaChina
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4874
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Pan D, Sze S, Minhas JS, Bangash MN, Pareek N, Divall P, Williams CML, Oggioni MR, Squire IB, Nellums LB, Hanif W, Khunti K, Pareek M. The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 23:100404. [PMID: 32632416 PMCID: PMC7267805 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between ethnicity and COVID-19 is uncertain. We performed a systematic review to assess whether ethnicity has been reported in patients with COVID-19 and its relation to clinical outcomes. METHODS We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and PROSPERO for English-language citations on ethnicity and COVID-19 (1st December 2019-15th May 2020). We also reviewed: COVID-19 articles in NEJM, Lancet, BMJ, JAMA, clinical trial protocols, grey literature, surveillance data and preprint articles on COVID-19 in MedRxiv to evaluate if the association between ethnicity and clinical outcomes were reported and what they showed. PROSPERO:180654. FINDINGS Of 207 articles in the database search, five reported ethnicity; two reported no association between ethnicity and mortality. Of 690 articles identified from medical journals, 12 reported ethnicity; three reported no association between ethnicity and mortality. Of 209 preprints, 34 reported ethnicity - 13 found Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals had an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 12 reported worse clinical outcomes, including ITU admission and mortality, in BAME patients compared to White patients. Of 12 grey literature reports, seven with original data reported poorer clinical outcomes in BAME groups compared to White groups. INTERPRETATION Data on ethnicity in patients with COVID-19 in the published medical literature remains limited. However, emerging data from the grey literature and preprint articles suggest BAME individuals are at an increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to White individuals and also worse clinical outcomes from COVID-19. Further work on the role of ethnicity in the current pandemic is of urgent public health importance. FUNDING NIHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pan
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Sze
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jatinder S. Minhas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mansoor N. Bangash
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
- Institue of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh Pareek
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pip Divall
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Education Centre Library, Glenfield Hospital and Leicester Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline ML. Williams
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Marco R. Oggioni
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Iain B. Squire
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura B. Nellums
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Hanif
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom
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4875
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Wingfield T, Cuevas LE, MacPherson P, Millington KA, Squire SB. Tackling two pandemics: a plea on World Tuberculosis Day. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2020; 8:536-538. [PMID: 32220280 PMCID: PMC7118542 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wingfield
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; Social Medicine, Infectious diseases, and Migration (SIM) Group, Department of Global Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Luis E Cuevas
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; Zankli Research Centre, Bingham University, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Peter MacPherson
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kerry A Millington
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - S Bertel Squire
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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4876
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Kong T. Longer incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in older adults. Aging Med (Milton) 2020; 3:102-109. [PMID: 32661509 PMCID: PMC7280705 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore any age-related change in the incubation period of COVID-19, specifically any difference between older (aged ≥65 years) and younger adults. METHODS Based on online data released officially by 21 Chinese cities from January 22 to February 15, 2020, the incubation period of COVID-19 patients who had travelled to Hubei was studied according to age. Previous studies were reviewed and compared. RESULTS The study recruited 136 COVID-19 patients who had travelled to Hubei during January 5-31, 2020, stayed for 1-2 days, and returned with symptom onset during January 10-February 6, 2020. The median age was 50.5 years (range 1-86 years), and 22 patients (16.2%) were aged ≥65 years. The age-stratified incubation period was U-shaped with higher values at extremes of age. The median COVID-19 incubation period was 8.3 (90% confidence interval [CI], 7.4-9.2) days for all patients, 7.6 (90% CI, 6.7-8.6) days for younger adults, and 11.2 (90% CI, 9.0-13.5) days for older adults. The 5th/25th/75th/90th percentiles were 2.3/5.3/11.3/14.2 days for all, 2.0/5.0/10.5/13.2 days for younger adults, and 3.1/7.8/14.4/17.0 days for older adults. There were 11 published studies on COVID-19 incubation periods up to March 30, 2020, reporting means of 1.8-7.2 days, and medians of 4-7.5 days, but there was no specific study on the effect of age on incubation period. One study showed that severe COVID-19 cases, which included more elderly patients, had longer incubation periods. CONCLUSION Based on 136 patients with a travel history to Hubei, the epicenter of COVID-19, the COVID-19 incubation period was found to be longer in older adults. This finding has important implications for diagnosis, prevention, and control of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak‐kwan Kong
- Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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4877
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Noori NM, Teimouri A, Khalili M, Nakhaee-Moghadam M. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards COVID-19 Among Parents or Guardians of Patient Children. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/cjhr.5.2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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4878
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Zhu HD, Zeng CH, Lu J, Teng GJ. COVID-19: What Should Interventional Radiologists Know and What Can They Do? J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31:876-881. [PMID: 32340864 PMCID: PMC7142885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has been characterized as a "pandemic" by the World Health Organization and has resulted in 81,603 confirmed cases in China, among the 334,981 cases confirmed in 189 countries as of 09:00 am, March 24, 2020 (China central standard time). During the past 3 months, hundreds of thousands of Chinese health care workers, including interventional radiologists (IRs), have been fighting this battle against the horrifying COVID-19 disease. As IRs, what should we know and what can we do when facing this challenge? This paper shares the experience we have gone through.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dong Zhu
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Chu-Hui Zeng
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China.
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4879
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Liu F, Xu A, Zhang Y, Xuan W, Yan T, Pan K, Yu W, Zhang J. Patients of COVID-19 may benefit from sustained Lopinavir-combined regimen and the increase of Eosinophil may predict the outcome of COVID-19 progression. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 95:183-191. [PMID: 32173576 PMCID: PMC7193136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the epidemiological information, clinical characteristics, therapeutic outcomes and temporal progression of laboratory findings in 2019-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients exposed to lopinavir. METHODS We collected data from ten COVID-19 patients admitted between January 22, 2020 and February 11, 2020 at Xixi hospital in Hangzhou, China. RESULTS Of ten patients, secondary, tertiary and quartus patients emerged; the incubation period was 3-7 days. Mainly initial symptoms were cough and low fever (37.3-38.0°C). An asymptomatic case presented normal radiography, the others had ground glass opacities. All cases (three transferred, seven discharged) were exposed to lopinavir on initial hospitalization. Three patients stopped lopinavir because of adverse effects, two of them deteriorated, one was hospitalized longer than others who with sustained lopinavir use. Levels of potassium, albumin, and lymphocytes were low, but increased persistently after treatment. Eosinophil values were low on initial hospitalization, then all returned to normal before discharge. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2, radiography and eosinophil improved continuously in 3-14, 6-8 and 7-9 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Increasing eosinophils may be an indicator of COVID-19 improvement. The COVID-19 patients may benefit from sustained lopinavir use. More research on a larger scale is needed to verify these points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Medical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aifang Xu
- Medical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiling Xuan
- Department of Radiology, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Yan
- Department of Radiology, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kenv Pan
- Medical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- Medical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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4880
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Patel KP, Patel PA, Vunnam SR, Jain R, Vunnam RR. Patients with COVID-19: are current isolation guidelines effective enough? Public Health 2020; 183:38-39. [PMID: 32417566 PMCID: PMC7211713 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K P Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - P A Patel
- Nova Southeastern University Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - S R Vunnam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Jain
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - R R Vunnam
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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4881
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Galastri FL, Valle LGM, Affonso BB, Silva MJ, Garcia RG, Junior MR, Ferraz LJR, de Matos GFJ, de la Cruz Scarin FC, Nasser F. COVID-19 complicated by pulmonary embolism treated with catheter directed thrombectomy. VASA 2020; 49:333-337. [DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Summary: COVID-19 is a recently identified illness that is associated with thromboembolic events. We report a case of pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19, treated by catheter directed thrombectomy. A 57 year old patient presented to the emergency center with severe COVID-19 symptoms and developed massive pulmonary embolism. The patient was treated with catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) and recovered completely. Coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 is present in all severe cases and is a dynamic process. We describe a case of massive/high risk pulmonary embolism, in a patient with COVID-19 receiving full anticoagulation, who was treated by percutaneous intervention. CDT can be an additional therapeutic option in patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism that present with rapid clinical collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Breno Boueri Affonso
- Interventional Medicine Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Juliano Silva
- Interventional Medicine Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gobbo Garcia
- Interventional Medicine Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Nasser
- Interventional Medicine Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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4882
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Noh J, Chang HH, Jeong IK, Yoon KH. Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Diabetes: The Epidemic and the Korean Diabetes Association Perspective. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:372-381. [PMID: 32613777 PMCID: PMC7332333 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been associated with more severe outcomes and higher mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients compare to morbidity and mortality in patients without diabetes. Several mechanisms may play a role in this greater morbidity and mortality, especially uncontrolled hyperglycemia, an impaired immune system, pre-existing proinflammatory states, multiple comorbidities, and dysregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 signaling. Thus, the diabetes medical community emergently needs to know about COVID-19 and its effects on patients with diabetes, as they must take precautions to carefully manage these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Korean Diabetes Association provides some guidance and practical recommendations for the management of diabetes during the pandemic. This report provides insight into the association between diabetes and COVID-19, proper management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 and an official suggestion by the Korean Diabetes Association for managing the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Noh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyun Ha Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kun Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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4883
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Somashekhar SP, Shivaram HV, Abhaham SJ, Dalvi A, Kumar A, Gode D, Misra S, Jain SK, Prasad CRK, Pillarisetti RR. ASI's Consensus Guidelines: ABCs of What to Do and What Not During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Indian J Surg 2020; 82:240-250. [PMID: 32837070 PMCID: PMC7280171 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Somashekhar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Hospitals, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - H. V. Shivaram
- Department of Surgery and allied Specialties, Aster CM hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | | | - Abhay Dalvi
- The Association of Surgeons of India, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Centre for Chest Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Gode
- Datta Meghe Institute Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Shiva Misra
- Shivani Hospital & IVF, Utter Pradesh, Kanpur, India
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4884
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Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F, Jiang Z, Tong S. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in China. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2020-0702. [PMID: 32179660 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2337] [Impact Index Per Article: 584.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of pediatric patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. METHODS Nationwide case series of 2135 pediatric patients with COVID-19 reported to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 16, 2020, to February 8, 2020, were included. The epidemic curves were constructed by key dates of disease onset and case diagnosis. Onset-to-diagnosis curves were constructed by fitting a log-normal distribution to data on both onset and diagnosis dates. RESULTS There were 728 (34.1%) laboratory-confirmed cases and 1407 (65.9%) suspected cases. The median age of all patients was 7 years (interquartile range: 2-13 years), and 1208 case patients (56.6%) were boys. More than 90% of all patients had asymptomatic, mild, or moderate cases. The median time from illness onset to diagnoses was 2 days (range: 0-42 days). There was a rapid increase of disease at the early stage of the epidemic, and then there was a gradual and steady decrease. The disease rapidly spread from Hubei province to surrounding provinces over time. More children were infected in Hubei province than any other province. CONCLUSIONS Children of all ages appeared susceptible to COVID-19, and there was no significant sex difference. Although clinical manifestations of children's COVID-19 cases were generally less severe than those of adult patients, young children, particularly infants, were vulnerable to infection. The distribution of children's COVID-19 cases varied with time and space, and most of the cases were concentrated in Hubei province and surrounding areas. Furthermore, this study provides strong evidence of human-to-human transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Child Health Advocacy Institute, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Contributed equally as co-first authors
| | - Xi Mo
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Contributed equally as co-first authors
| | - Yabin Hu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Child Health Advocacy Institute, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; .,Institute of Environment and Population Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; and.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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4885
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Khan KA, Cheung P. Presence of mismatches between diagnostic PCR assays and coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 genome. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200636. [PMID: 32742701 PMCID: PMC7353963 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; initially named as 2019-nCoV) is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the current standard method for its diagnosis from patient samples. This study conducted a reassessment of published diagnostic PCR assays, including those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), through the evaluation of mismatches with publicly available viral sequences. An exhaustive evaluation of the sequence variability within the primer/probe target regions of the viral genome was performed using more than 17 000 viral sequences from around the world. The analysis showed the presence of mutations/mismatches in primer/probe binding regions of 7 assays out of 27 assays studied. A comprehensive bioinformatics approach for in silico inclusivity evaluation of PCR diagnostic assays of SARS-CoV-2 was validated using freely available software programs that can be applied to any diagnostic assay of choice. These findings provide potentially important information for clinicians, laboratory professionals and policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Aziz Khan
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, CanadaM3 J 1P3
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4886
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Bernheim A, Mei X, Huang M, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Zhang N, Diao K, Lin B, Zhu X, Li K, Li S, Shan H, Jacobi A, Chung M. Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection. Radiology 2020; 295:200463. [PMID: 32077789 PMCID: PMC7233369 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1552] [Impact Index Per Article: 388.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective study, chest CTs of 121 symptomatic patients infected with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) from four centers in China from January 18, 2020 to February 2, 2020 were reviewed for common CT findings in relationship to the time between symptom onset and the initial CT scan (i.e. early, 0-2 days (36 patients), intermediate 3-5 days (33 patients), late 6-12 days (25 patients)). The hallmarks of COVID-19 infection on imaging were bilateral and peripheral ground-glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities. Notably, 20/36 (56%) of early patients had a normal CT. With a longer time after the onset of symptoms, CT findings were more frequent, including consolidation, bilateral and peripheral disease, greater total lung involvement, linear opacities, "crazy-paving" pattern and the "reverse halo" sign. Bilateral lung involvement was observed in 10/36 early patients (28%), 25/33 intermediate patients (76%), and 22/25 late patients (88%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bernheim
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Xueyan Mei
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Mingqian Huang
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Kaiyue Diao
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Xiqi Zhu
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Kunwei Li
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Shaolin Li
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Hong Shan
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Adam Jacobi
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
| | - Michael Chung
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.B., M.H., Y.Y., A.J., M.C); BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (X.M); Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Z.A.F); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China (N.Z); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China (K.D); Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou, China (B.L); Department of Radiology, Nanxishan Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (X.Z); Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, New Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (K.L., S.L., H.S)
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4887
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Kim SB, Huh K, Heo JY, Joo EJ, Kim YJ, Choi WS, Kim YJ, Seo YB, Yoon YK, Ku NS, Jeong SJ, Kim SH, Peck KR, Yeom JS. Interim Guidelines on Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19. Infect Chemother 2020; 52:281-304. [PMID: 32342676 PMCID: PMC7335642 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first case was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on December 12, 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely to other countries since January 2020. As of April 16, 2020, 10635 confirmed cases have been reported, with 230 deaths in Korea. COVID-19 patients may be asymptomatic or show various clinical manifestations, including acute symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat; pneumonia presenting as acute respiratory distress syndrome; and multiple organ failure. As COVID-19 has such varied clinical manifestations and case fatality rates, no standard antiviral therapy regimen has been established other than supportive therapy. In the present guideline, we aim to introduce potentially helpful antiviral and other drug therapies based on in vivo and in vitro research and clinical experiences from many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Bean Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University school of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Joo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Jeong Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yae Jean Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Bin Seo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Su Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Sup Yeom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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4888
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Zeng N, Li Z, Ng S, Chen D, Zhou H. Epidemiology reveals mask wearing by the public is crucial for COVID-19 control. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2020; 4:100015. [PMID: 38620224 PMCID: PMC7219391 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The pandemic 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the greatest concern globally. Here we analyzed the epidemiological features of China, South Korea, Italy and Spain to find out the relationship of major public health events and epidemiological curves. Study design In this study we described and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in and outside China. We used GAM to generate the epidemiological curves and simulated infection curves with reported incubation period. Results The epidemiological curves derived from the GAM suggested that the infection curve can reflect the public health measurements sensitively. Under the massive actions token in China, the infection curve flattened at 23rd of January. While surprisingly, even before Wuhan lockdown and first level response of public emergency in Guangdong and Shanghai, those infection curve came to the reflection point both at 21st of January, which indicated the mask wearing by the public before 21st Jan were the key measure to cut off the transmission. In the countries outside China, infection curves also changed in response to measures, but its rate of decline was much smaller than the curve of China's. Conclusion The present analysis comparing the epidemiological curves in China, South Korea, Italy and Spain supports the importance of mask wearing by the public. Analysis of the infection curve helped to clarify the impact of important public health events, evaluate the efficiencies of prevention measures, and showed wearing masks in public resulted in significantly reduced daily infected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianyi Zeng
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zewen Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sherrianne Ng
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- March of Dimes European Prematurity Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4889
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Kang SJ, Jung SI. Age-Related Morbidity and Mortality among Patients with COVID-19. Infect Chemother 2020; 52:154-164. [PMID: 32537961 PMCID: PMC7335648 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an age-associated vulnerability in the burden of disease has been uncovered. Understanding the spectrum of illness and the pathogenic mechanism of the disease in a vulnerable population is critical, especially during the pandemic. Herein, we reviewed published COVID-19 epidemiology data from several countries to identify any consistent trends in the relationship between age and COVID-19-associated morbidity or mortality. We also reviewed the literature for studies explaining the difference in the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection according to age. The insights from these data will be useful in determining the treatment policies and preventive measures of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ji Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sook In Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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4890
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Liu Y, Zhang C, Huang F, Yang Y, Wang F, Yuan J, Zhang Z, Qin Y, Li X, Zhao D, Li S, Tan S, Wang Z, Li J, Shen C, Li J, Peng L, Wu W, Cao M, Xing L, Xu Z, Chen L, Zhou C, Liu WJ, Liu L, Jiang C. Elevated plasma levels of selective cytokines in COVID-19 patients reflect viral load and lung injury. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1003-1011. [PMID: 34676126 PMCID: PMC7107806 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China was found to be caused by a 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2 or HCoV-19). We previously reported the clinical features of 12 patients with 2019-nCoV infections in Shenzhen, China. To further understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and find better ways to monitor and treat the disease caused by 2019-nCoV, we measured the levels of 48 cytokines in the blood plasma of those 12 COVID-19 patients. Thirty-eight out of the 48 measured cytokines in the plasma of 2019-nCoV-infected patients were significantly elevated compared to healthy individuals. Seventeen cytokines were linked to 2019-nCoV loads. Fifteen cytokines, namely M-CSF, IL-10, IFN-α2, IL-17, IL-4, IP-10, IL-7, IL-1ra, G-CSF, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-2, HGF and PDGF-BB, were strongly associated with the lung-injury Murray score and could be used to predict the disease severity of 2019-nCoV infections by calculating the area under the curve of the receiver-operating characteristics. Our results suggest that 2019-nCoV infections trigger extensive changes in a wide array of cytokines, some of which could be potential biomarkers of disease severity of 2019-nCoV infections. These findings will likely improve our understanding of the immunopathologic mechanisms of this emerging disease. Our results also suggest that modulators of cytokine responses may play a therapeutic role in combating the disease once the functions of these elevated cytokines have been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Fengming Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Yuhao Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shunwang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhaoqin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Chenguang Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Ling Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Weibo Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Mengli Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Li Xing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Li Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Congzhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - William J Liu
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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4891
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Harris C, Carson G, Baillie JK, Horby P, Nair H. An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19. J Glob Health 2020; 10:011001. [PMID: 32257173 PMCID: PMC7125419 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On 31 December, 2019, the World Health Organization China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. Since then, there have been over 75 000 cases globally of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), 2000 deaths, and over 14 000 cases recovered. Outbreaks of novel agents represent opportunities for clinical research to inform real-time public health action. In 2018, we conducted a systematic review to identify priority research questions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we review information available on COVID-19 and provide an evidenced-based framework for priority clinical research in the current outbreak. METHODS Three bibliographic databases were searched to identify clinical studies published on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the outbreak setting. Studies were grouped thematically according to clinical research questions addressed. In February 2020, available information on COVID19 was reviewed and compared to the results of the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV systematic review. RESULTS From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. For COVID19, some information on clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and aetiology is available but many clinical research gaps have yet to be filled. CONCLUSIONS Based on a systematic review of other severe coronaviruses, we summarise the state of clinical research for COVID-19, highlight the research gaps, and provide recommendations for the implementation of standardised protocols. Data based on internationally standardised protocols will inform clinical practice real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlyn Harris
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail Carson
- International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Horby
- International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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4892
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Gabutti G, d’Anchera E, Sandri F, Savio M, Stefanati A. Coronavirus: Update Related to the Current Outbreak of COVID-19. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:241-253. [PMID: 32292686 PMCID: PMC7139198 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, some cases of viral pneumonia were epidemiologically related to a new coronavirus in the province of Hubei, China. Subsequently, there has been an increase in infections attributable to this virus throughout China and worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially named the infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the virus has been classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This appears to be a virus from Rhinolophus bats, but the intermediate host has not yet been identified. The mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is not yet known; it appears to have affinity for cells located in the lower airways, where it replicates. The interhuman transmission of coronaviruses mainly occurs through saliva droplets and direct and indirect contact via surfaces. As of March 10, 2020, the number of cases worldwide was 113,702. Along with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 appears to cause a severe clinical picture in humans, ranging from mild malaise to death by sepsis/acute respiratory distress syndrome. The prognosis is worse in elderly patients with comorbidities. To date, there is no specific therapy for COVID-19. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection implies strategies that limit the spread of the virus. WHO and other international and national bodies have developed continuously updated strategic objectives and provisions to contain the spread of the virus and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gabutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica d’Anchera
- Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Sandri
- Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Savio
- Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Armando Stefanati
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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4893
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Wilson N, Kvalsvig A, Barnard LT, Baker MG. Case-Fatality Risk Estimates for COVID-19 Calculated by Using a Lag Time for Fatality. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:1339-1441. [PMID: 32168463 PMCID: PMC7258483 DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We estimated the case-fatality risk for coronavirus disease cases in China (3.5%); China, excluding Hubei Province (0.8%); 82 countries, territories, and areas (4.2%); and on a cruise ship (0.6%). Lower estimates might be closest to the true value, but a broad range of 0.25%-3.0% probably should be considered.
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4894
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Robbins
- Department of Pediatrics, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Zara Ilahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Philip Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell
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4895
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Del Buono MG, Iannaccone G, Camilli M, Del Buono R, Aspromonte N. The Italian Outbreak of COVID-19: Conditions, Contributors, and Concerns. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1116-1118. [PMID: 32307104 PMCID: PMC7146663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Iannaccone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Camilli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Romualdo Del Buono
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Humanitas Mater Domini, Via Gerenzano, Castellanza (VA), Italy
| | - Nadia Aspromonte
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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4896
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Cegolon L, Pichierri J, Mastrangelo G, Cinquetti S, Sotgiu G, Bellizzi S, Pichierri G. Hypothesis to explain the severe form of COVID-19 in Northern Italy. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e002564. [PMID: 32532758 PMCID: PMC7295427 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cegolon
- Public Health Department, Local Health Unit N. 2 "Marca Trevigiana", Treviso, Veneto Region, Italy
- IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Jennifer Pichierri
- Children and Young People's Diabetes, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Sandro Cinquetti
- Public Health Department, Local Health Unit N. 2 "Marca Trevigiana", Treviso, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia Region, Italy
| | - Saverio Bellizzi
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pichierri
- Microbiology Department, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, London, UK
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4897
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Kujawski SA, Wong KK, Collins JP, Epstein L, Killerby ME, Midgley CM, Abedi GR, Ahmed NS, Almendares O, Alvarez FN, Anderson KN, Balter S, Barry V, Bartlett K, Beer K, Ben-Aderet MA, Benowitz I, Biggs H, Binder AM, Black SR, Bonin B, Brown CM, Bruce H, Bryant-Genevier J, Budd A, Buell D, Bystritsky R, Cates J, Charles EM, Chatham-Stephens K, Chea N, Chiou H, Christiansen D, Chu V, Cody S, Cohen M, Conners E, Curns A, Dasari V, Dawson P, DeSalvo T, Diaz G, Donahue M, Donovan S, Duca LM, Erickson K, Esona MD, Evans S, Falk J, Feldstein LR, Fenstersheib M, Fischer M, Fisher R, Foo C, Fricchione MJ, Friedman O, Fry AM, Galang RR, Garcia MM, Gerber SI, Gerrard G, Ghinai I, Gounder P, Grein J, Grigg C, Gunzenhauser JD, Gutkin GI, Haddix M, Hall AJ, Han G, Harcourt J, Harriman K, Haupt T, Haynes A, Holshue M, Hoover C, Hunter JC, Jacobs MW, Jarashow C, Jhung MA, Joshi K, Kamali T, Kamili S, Kim L, Kim M, King J, Kirking HL, Kita-Yarbro A, Klos R, Kobayashi M, Kocharian A, Komatsu KK, Koppaka R, Layden JE, Li Y, Lindquist S, Lindstrom S, Link-Gelles R, Lively J, Livingston M, Lo K, Lo J, Lu X, Lynch B, Madoff L, Malapati L, Marks G, Marlow M, Mathisen GE, McClung N, McGovern O, McPherson TD, Mehta M, Meier A, Mello L, Moon SS, Morgan M, Moro RN, Murray J, Murthy R, Novosad S, Oliver SE, O'Shea J, Pacilli M, Paden CR, Pallansch MA, Patel M, Patel S, Pedraza I, Pillai SK, Pindyck T, Pray I, Queen K, Quick N, Reese H, Rha B, Rhodes H, Robinson S, Robinson P, Rolfes M, Routh J, Rubin R, Rudman SL, Sakthivel SK, Scott S, Shepherd C, Shetty V, Smith EA, Smith S, Stierman B, Stoecker W, Sunenshine R, Sy-Santos R, Tamin A, Tao Y, Terashita D, Thornburg NJ, Tong S, Traub E, Tural A, Uehara A, Uyeki TM, Vahey G, Verani JR, Villarino E, Wallace M, Wang L, Watson JT, Westercamp M, Whitaker B, Wilkerson S, Woodruff RC, Wortham JM, Wu T, Xie A, Yousaf A, Zahn M, Zhang J. Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States. Nat Med 2020; 26:861-868. [PMID: 32327757 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20032896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Data on the detailed clinical progression of COVID-19 in conjunction with epidemiological and virological characteristics are limited. In this case series, we describe the first 12 US patients confirmed to have COVID-19 from 20 January to 5 February 2020, including 4 patients described previously1-3. Respiratory, stool, serum and urine specimens were submitted for SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing, viral culture and whole genome sequencing. Median age was 53 years (range: 21-68); 8 patients were male. Common symptoms at illness onset were cough (n = 8) and fever (n = 7). Patients had mild to moderately severe illness; seven were hospitalized and demonstrated clinical or laboratory signs of worsening during the second week of illness. No patients required mechanical ventilation and all recovered. All had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in respiratory specimens, typically for 2-3 weeks after illness onset. Lowest real-time PCR with reverse transcription cycle threshold values in the upper respiratory tract were often detected in the first week and SARS-CoV-2 was cultured from early respiratory specimens. These data provide insight into the natural history of SARS-CoV-2. Although infectiousness is unclear, highest viral RNA levels were identified in the first week of illness. Clinicians should anticipate that some patients may worsen in the second week of illness.
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4898
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Harzheim E, Martins C, Wollmann L, Pedebos LA, Faller LDA, Marques MDC, Minei TSS, Cunha CRHD, Telles LF, Moura LJND, Leal MH, Rodrigues AS, Rech MRA, D'Avila OP. Ações federais para apoio e fortalecimento local no combate ao COVID-19: a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no assento do condutor. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:2493-2497. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.11492020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O Ministério da Saúde, por intermédio da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde e em parceria com a Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde construiu e implementou estratégias da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no âmbito do apoio aos gestores locais e em articulação com o Conselho Nacional de Secretários Estaduais (CONASS) e Municipais de Saúde (CONASEMS) para o combate ao COVID-19. Essas ações têm a APS como a grande responsável por diversas áreas e recursos físicos, humanos e financeiros, assim como permite impulsionar o avanço nacional para o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e novas parcerias para realização de pesquisas.
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4899
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Chen X, Liu Y, Gong Y, Guo X, Zuo M, Li J, Shi W, Li H, Xu X, Mi W, Huang Y. Perioperative Management of Patients Infected with the Novel Coronavirus: Recommendation from the Joint Task Force of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 2020; 132:1307-1316. [PMID: 32195699 PMCID: PMC7155907 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the new Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has been involved in 77,262 cases in China as well as in 27 other countries as of February 24, 2020. Because the virus is novel to human beings, and there is no vaccine yet available, every individual is susceptible and can become infected. Healthcare workers are at high risk, and unfortunately, more than 3,000 healthcare workers in China have been infected. Anesthesiologists are among healthcare workers who are at an even higher risk of becoming infected because of their close contact with infected patients and high potential of exposure to respiratory droplets or aerosol from their patients' airways. In order to provide healthcare workers with updated recommendations on the management of patients in the perioperative setting as well as for emergency airway management outside of the operating room, the two largest anesthesia societies, the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology (CSA) and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists (CAA) have formed a task force to produce the recommendations. The task force hopes to help healthcare workers, particularly anesthesiologists, optimize the care of their patients and protect patients, healthcare workers, and the public from becoming infected. The recommendations were created mainly based on the practice and experience of anesthesiologists who provide care to patients in China. Therefore, adoption of these recommendations outside of China must be done with caution, and the local environment, culture, uniqueness of the healthcare system, and patients' needs should be considered. The task force will continuously update the recommendations and incorporate new information in future versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Chen
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.C.) the Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.L., W.S., H.L., W.M.) the Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.G., X.X., Y.H.) the Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (X.G.) the Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (M.Z.) the Department of Anesthesiology, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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4900
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Wong SCY, Kwong RTS, Wu TC, Chan JWM, Chu MY, Lee SY, Wong HY, Lung DC. Risk of nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: an experience in a general ward setting in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:119-127. [PMID: 32259546 PMCID: PMC7128692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019 and has rapidly spread across different cities within and outside China. Hong Kong started to prepare for COVID-19 on 31st December 2019 and infection control measures in public hospitals were tightened to limit nosocomial transmission within healthcare facilities. However, the recommendations on the transmission-based precautions required for COVID-19 in hospital settings vary from droplet and contact precautions, to contact and airborne precautions with placement of patients in airborne infection isolation rooms. AIM To describe an outbreak investigation of a patient with COVID-19 who was nursed in an open cubicle of a general ward before the diagnosis was made. METHOD Contacts were identified and risk categorized as 'close' or 'casual' for decisions on quarantine and/or medical surveillance. Respiratory specimens were collected from contacts who developed fever, and/or respiratory symptoms during the surveillance period and were tested for SARS-CoV-2. FINDINGS A total of 71 staff and 49 patients were identified from contact tracing, seven staff and 10 patients fulfilled the criteria of 'close contact'. At the end of 28-day surveillance, 76 tests were performed on 52 contacts and all were negative, including all patient close contacts and six of the seven staff close contacts. The remaining contacts were asymptomatic throughout the surveillance period. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is not spread by an airborne route, and nosocomial transmissions can be prevented through vigilant basic infection control measures, including wearing of surgical masks, hand and environmental hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Y Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - R T-S Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - T C Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - J W M Chan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - M Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - S Y Lee
- Infection control Team, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - H Y Wong
- Infection control Team, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - D C Lung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Infection control Team, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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