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Hao XD, Liu JX, Zhang JS. Longevity factor FOXO3a: A potential therapeutic target for age-related ocular diseases. Life Sci 2024; 350:122769. [PMID: 38848943 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3a) belongs to the subgroup O of the forkhead transcription factor family and plays an important role in regulating the aging process by participating in the regulation of various life processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and DNA repair. The eye is an organ that is affected by aging earlier. However, the functional role and potential clinical applications of FOXO3a in age-related eye diseases have not received widespread attention and lacked comprehensive and clear clarification. In this review, we demonstrated the relationship between FOXO3a and visual system health, summarized the functional roles of FOXO3a in various eye diseases, and potential ocular-related therapies and drugs targeting FOXO3a in visual system diseases through a review and summary of relevant literature. This review indicates that FOXO3a is an important factor in maintaining the normal function of various tissues in the eye, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of ophthalmic-related diseases. Based on its vital role in the normal function of the visual system, FOXO3a has potential clinical application value in related ophthalmic diseases. At present, multiple molecules and drugs targeting FOXO3a have been reported to have the potential for the treatment of related ophthalmic diseases, but further clinical trials are needed. In conclusion, this review can facilitate us to grasp the role of FOXO3a in the visual system and provide new views and bases for the treatment strategy research of age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Jin-Xiu Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing-Sai Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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2
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Bejarano E, Domenech-Bendaña A, Avila-Portillo N, Rowan S, Edirisinghe S, Taylor A. Glycative stress as a cause of macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 101:101260. [PMID: 38521386 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
People are living longer and rates of age-related diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are accelerating, placing enormous burdens on patients and health care systems. The quality of carbohydrate foods consumed by an individual impacts health. The glycemic index (GI) is a kinetic measure of the rate at which glucose arrives in the blood stream after consuming various carbohydrates. Consuming diets that favor slowly digested carbohydrates releases sugar into the bloodstream gradually after consuming a meal (low glycemic index). This is associated with reduced risk for major age-related diseases including AMD, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In comparison, consuming the same amounts of different carbohydrates in higher GI diets, releases glucose into the blood rapidly, causing glycative stress as well as accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Such AGEs are cytotoxic by virtue of their forming abnormal proteins and protein aggregates, as well as inhibiting proteolytic and other protective pathways that might otherwise selectively recognize and remove toxic species. Using in vitro and animal models of glycative stress, we observed that consuming higher GI diets perturbs metabolism and the microbiome, resulting in a shift to more lipid-rich metabolomic profiles. Interactions between aging, diet, eye phenotypes and physiology were observed. A large body of laboratory animal and human clinical epidemiologic data indicates that consuming lower GI diets, or lower glycemia diets, is protective against features of early AMD (AMDf) in mice and AMD prevalence or AMD progression in humans. Drugs may be optimized to diminish the ravages of higher glycemic diets. Human trials are indicated to determine if AMD progression can be retarded using lower GI diets. Here we summarized the current knowledge regarding the pathological role of glycative stress in retinal dysfunction and how dietary strategies might diminish retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Bejarano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Domenech-Bendaña
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sheldon Rowan
- JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, United States
| | - Sachini Edirisinghe
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, United States
| | - Allen Taylor
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, United States.
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3
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Wu Z, Hodgson LAB, Goh KL, Guymer RH. COMPLETE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL AND OUTER RETINAL ATROPHY IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: A Longitudinal Evaluation. Retina 2024; 44:1224-1231. [PMID: 38452352 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000004080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a need for robust earlier biomarkers of atrophic age-related macular degeneration that could act as surrogate endpoints for geographic atrophy (GA) in early interventional trials. This study sought to examine the risk of progression of complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) to the traditional atrophic endpoint of GA on color fundus photography. This study also compared the risk of progression for cRORA to that associated with the specific optical coherence tomography features that define nascent GA (nGA), a strong predictor of GA development. METHODS One hundred forty participants with bilateral large drusen at baseline underwent optical coherence tomography imaging and color fundus photography at 6-month intervals for up to 36 months. Optical coherence tomography volume scans were graded for the presence of cRORA and nGA, and color fundus photographs were graded for the presence of GA. The association and rate of progression to GA for cRORA and nGA were examined. RESULTS Both cRORA and nGA were significantly associated with GA development (adjusted hazard ratio, 65.7 and 76.8 respectively; both P < 0.001). The probability of progression of cRORA to GA over 24 months (26%) was significantly lower than the probability of progression of nGA (38%; P = 0.039). CONCLUSION This study confirmed that cRORA was a significant risk factor for developing GA, although its rate of progression was slightly lower compared with nGA. While requiring replication in future studies, these findings suggest that the specific features of photoreceptor degeneration used to define nGA appear important when assessing the risk of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia ; and
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lauren A B Hodgson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia ; and
| | - Kai Lyn Goh
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia ; and
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia ; and
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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4
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D’Angelo A, Vitiello L, Gagliardi V, Salerno G, De Pascale I, Coppola A, Abbinante G, Pellegrino A, Giannaccare G. The Role of Oral Supplementation for the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2024; 14:653. [PMID: 38929874 PMCID: PMC11204429 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of neurodegenerative eye disorders occur with aging and significantly impair quality of life. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third most common cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. One of the most important elements in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative eye disease is certainly oxidative stress, with neuroinflammation and ocular ischemia which may also be significant factors. Antioxidants, either by food or oral supplementation, may be able to mitigate the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species that build as a result of oxidative stress, ischemia, and inflammation. Over the past few decades, a number of research works examining the potential adjuvant impact of antioxidants in AMD have been published. In fact, there is not only more and more interest in already known molecules but also in new molecules that can help clinicians in the management of this complex multifactorial disease, such as astaxanthin and melatonin. However, while some studies showed encouraging outcomes, others were conflicting. In addition, more and more attention is also being paid to nutrition, considered a pivotal key point, especially to prevent AMD. For this reason, the purpose of this review is to analyze the main antioxidant molecules currently used as oral supplements for AMD treatment, as well as the role of diet and food intake in this ocular disease, to better understand how all these factors can improve the clinical management of AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D’Angelo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, MI, Italy;
| | - Livio Vitiello
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (L.V.); (V.G.); (G.S.); (I.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Gagliardi
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (L.V.); (V.G.); (G.S.); (I.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Giulio Salerno
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (L.V.); (V.G.); (G.S.); (I.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilaria De Pascale
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (L.V.); (V.G.); (G.S.); (I.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Coppola
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (L.V.); (V.G.); (G.S.); (I.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Giulia Abbinante
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (L.V.); (V.G.); (G.S.); (I.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Alfonso Pellegrino
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (L.V.); (V.G.); (G.S.); (I.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy
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5
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Zhang H, Dong L, Guo T, Zhang G, Ye X, He X, Gao Q, Bello MG, Peng C, Wu L, Zhang J. Lutein Loaded in β-Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks for Stability and Solubility Enhancements. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:135. [PMID: 38862657 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lutein (Lut) is a recognized nutritional supplement known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, crucial in mitigating ocular disease. However, enhancements to Lut stability and solubility remain challenges to be addressed in the healthcare industry. Herein, we fabricated and evaluated a food-grade highly porous β-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (β-CD-MOF) for its ability to encapsulate Lut. Lut stability considerably improved when loaded into β-CD-MOF to form a Lut@β-CD-MOF complex, which exhibited better stability than Lut loaded into the γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (Lut@γ-CD-MOF), Lut@β-CD, and commercial product (Blackmores™) at 40°C, 60°C, and 70°C, respectively. The solubility of Lut@β-CD-MOF in water increased by 26.8-fold compared to raw Lut at 37°C. Lut@β-CD-MOF exhibited greater hydrophilicity, as determined by measuring the water contact angle. Molecular docking and other characterizations of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction confirmed that Lut was successfully encapsulated in the chamber formed by the three cyclodextrins in β-CD-MOF. Thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that Lut distributed in the β-CD-MOF cavity deeply improved Lut stability and solubility. In conclusion, our findings underscored the function of β-CD-MOF in enhancing Lut stability and solubility for formulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Liyun Dong
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Xiaojian He
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Qingfang Gao
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Mubarak G Bello
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Can Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Li Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China.
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China.
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6
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Servillo A, Sacconi R, Oldoni G, Barlocci E, Tombolini B, Battista M, Fantaguzzi F, Rissotto F, Mularoni C, Parravano M, Zucchiatti I, Querques L, Bandello F, Querques G. Advancements in Imaging and Therapeutic Options for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Geographic Atrophy. Ophthalmol Ther 2024:10.1007/s40123-024-00970-7. [PMID: 38833127 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly, with dry AMD (d-AMD) leading to geographic atrophy (GA) and significant visual impairment. Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in d-AMD diagnosis and management, allowing for detailed classification of patient phenotypes and aiding in treatment planning and prognosis determination. Treatment approaches for d-AMD have recently witnessed profound change with the development of specific drugs targeting the complement cascade, with the first anticomplement agents recently approved for GA treatment. Additionally, emerging strategies such as gene therapy and laser treatments may offer potential benefits, though further research is needed to fully establish their efficacy. However, the lack of effective therapies capable of restoring damaged retinal cells remains a major challenge. In the future, genetic treatments aimed at preventing the progression of d-AMD may emerge as a powerful approach. Currently, however, their development is still in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Servillo
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sacconi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Oldoni
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barlocci
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Tombolini
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Battista
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Fantaguzzi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Rissotto
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mularoni
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Zucchiatti
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lea Querques
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Zhao S, Meng Y, Cai W, Luo Q, Gao H, Shen Q, Shi D. Docosahexaenoic Acid Coordinating with Sodium Selenite Promotes Paraptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Disrupting the Redox Homeostasis and Activating the MAPK Pathway. Nutrients 2024; 16:1737. [PMID: 38892670 PMCID: PMC11174406 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are characterized by a delicate balance between elevated oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant capacity. This intricate equilibrium, maintained within a threshold known as redox homeostasis, offers a unique perspective for cancer treatment by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels beyond cellular tolerability, thereby disrupting this balance. However, currently used chemotherapy drugs require larger doses to increase ROS levels beyond the redox homeostasis threshold, which may cause serious side effects. How to disrupt redox homeostasis in cancer cells more effectively remains a challenge. In this study, we found that sodium selenite and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid extracted from marine fish, synergistically induced cytotoxic effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Physiological doses of DHA simultaneously upregulated oxidation and antioxidant levels within the threshold range without affecting cell viability. However, it rendered the cells more susceptible to reaching the upper limit of the threshold of redox homeostasis, facilitating the elevation of ROS levels beyond the threshold by combining with low doses of sodium selenite, thereby disrupting redox homeostasis and inducing MAPK-mediated paraptosis. This study highlights the synergistic anticancer effects of sodium selenite and DHA, which induce paraptosis by disrupting redox homeostasis in tumor cells. These findings offer a novel strategy for more targeted and less toxic cancer therapies for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuzhou Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenxun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongyang Gao
- Institute of Electronmicroscopy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Electronmicroscopy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Free Radical Regulation and Application Research Center of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Lee D, Fu Z, Hellstrom A, Smith LEH. Therapeutic Effects of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Nutritional Supplementation in Retinal Ischemic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5503. [PMID: 38791541 PMCID: PMC11122288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Appropriate nutrients are essential for cellular function. Dietary components can alter the risk of systemic metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and obesity, and can also affect retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Dietary nutrients have been assessed for the prevention or treatment of retinal ischemic diseases and the diseases of aging. In this article, we review clinical and experimental evidence concerning the potential of some nutritional supplements to prevent or treat retinal ischemic diseases and provide further insights into the therapeutic effects of nutritional supplementation on retinopathies. We will review the roles of nutrients in preventing or protecting against retinal ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokho Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann Hellstrom
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Pediatric Ophthalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lois E. H. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Andreazzoli M, Longoni B, Angeloni D, Demontis GC. Retinoid Synthesis Regulation by Retinal Cells in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:871. [PMID: 38786093 PMCID: PMC11120330 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vision starts in retinal photoreceptors when specialized proteins (opsins) sense photons via their covalently bonded vitamin A derivative 11cis retinaldehyde (11cis-RAL). The reaction of non-enzymatic aldehydes with amino groups lacks specificity, and the reaction products may trigger cell damage. However, the reduced synthesis of 11cis-RAL results in photoreceptor demise and suggests the need for careful control over 11cis-RAL handling by retinal cells. This perspective focuses on retinoid(s) synthesis, their control in the adult retina, and their role during retina development. It also explores the potential importance of 9cis vitamin A derivatives in regulating retinoid synthesis and their impact on photoreceptor development and survival. Additionally, recent advancements suggesting the pivotal nature of retinoid synthesis regulation for cone cell viability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biancamaria Longoni
- Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Debora Angeloni
- The Institute of Biorobotics, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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10
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Jiang B, Wei X, Cai D, Wang X, Zhou X, Chen F, Shen X, Cao X, Zheng C. Association between dietary consumption of fatty acids and age-related macular degeneration in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11016. [PMID: 38745035 PMCID: PMC11094158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between dietary intake of fatty acids and the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the United States population. Adult participants of the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this nationwide cross-sectional study. Dietary fatty acid intake was obtained from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The intake of dietary fatty acids was analyzed as a continuous and categorical variable. AMD status was assessed using nonmydriatic fundus photographs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between dietary fatty acid intake and AMD. The unweighted population included 4702 individuals of whom 374 had AMD. After adjusting for relevant variables, each 1 unit increase (1 mg/1000 kcal) intake of EPA (OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.993-0.996, P = 0.018), DPA (OR: 0.976, 95% CI: 0.962-0.990, P = 0.002), and DHA (OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994-0.999, P = 0.003) were significantly decreased odds of any AMD. The highest versus lowest quartile of EPA (OR: 0.476, P for trend < 0.001), DPA (OR: 0.467, P for trend = 0.005) and DHA (OR: 0.586, P for trend = 0.008) were negatively associated with the odds of any AMD. Subgroup analysis showed that higher quartiles of EPA (OR: 0.461, P for trend < 0.002), DPA (OR: 0.467, P for trend = 0.006) and DHA (OR: 0.578, P for trend = 0.007) exhibited a negative association with early AMD. The study found no significant association between the intake of dietary fatty acids, including n-3 PUFA, and the odds of late AMD. In the 2005-2008 NHANES population, higher dietary DHA, DPA and EPA intake associated with decreased odds of early AMD. However, no clear association was found between specific types of FAs and late AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcai Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Changwei Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Yao H, Wu Z, Gao SS, Guymer RH, Steffen V, Chen H, Hejrati M, Zhang M. Deep Learning Approaches for Detecting of Nascent Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100428. [PMID: 38284101 PMCID: PMC10818248 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Nascent geographic atrophy (nGA) refers to specific features seen on OCT B-scans, which are strongly associated with the future development of geographic atrophy (GA). This study sought to develop a deep learning model to screen OCT B-scans for nGA that warrant further manual review (an artificial intelligence [AI]-assisted approach), and to determine the extent of reduction in OCT B-scan load requiring manual review while maintaining near-perfect nGA detection performance. Design Development and evaluation of a deep learning model. Participants One thousand eight hundred and eighty four OCT volume scans (49 B-scans per volume) without neovascular age-related macular degeneration from 280 eyes of 140 participants with bilateral large drusen at baseline, seen at 6-monthly intervals up to a 36-month period (from which 40 eyes developed nGA). Methods OCT volume and B-scans were labeled for the presence of nGA. Their presence at the volume scan level provided the ground truth for training a deep learning model to identify OCT B-scans that potentially showed nGA requiring manual review. Using a threshold that provided a sensitivity of 0.99, the B-scans identified were assigned the ground truth label with the AI-assisted approach. The performance of this approach for detecting nGA across all visits, or at the visit of nGA onset, was evaluated using fivefold cross-validation. Main Outcome Measures Sensitivity for detecting nGA, and proportion of OCT B-scans requiring manual review. Results The AI-assisted approach (utilizing outputs from the deep learning model to guide manual review) had a sensitivity of 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93-1.00) and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.87-1.00) for detecting nGA across all visits and at the visit of nGA onset, respectively, when requiring manual review of only 2.7% and 1.9% of selected OCT B-scans, respectively. Conclusions A deep learning model could be used to enable near-perfect detection of nGA onset while reducing the number of OCT B-scans requiring manual review by over 50-fold. This AI-assisted approach shows promise for substantially reducing the current burden of manual review of OCT B-scans to detect this crucial feature that portends future development of GA. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Yao
- gRED Computational Science, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon S. Gao
- gRED Computational Science, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Robyn H. Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Verena Steffen
- gRED Computational Science, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hao Chen
- gRED Computational Science, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mohsen Hejrati
- gRED Computational Science, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Miao Zhang
- gRED Computational Science, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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12
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Scanlon G, O'Shea S, Amarandei G, Butler JS, O'Dwyer V. Investigation of factors that may affect the foveal avascular zone: An optical coherence tomography angiography study. Optom Vis Sci 2024; 101:276-283. [PMID: 38857040 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An understanding of factors that affect the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in healthy eyes may aid in the early identification of patients at risk of retinal pathology, thereby allowing better management and preventive measures to be implemented. PURPOSE The size and shape of the FAZ can change due to retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. This study aimed to assess the relationship, if any, between factors that may affect the superficial FAZ (i.e., vessel density, vessel perfusion, overweight/obesity) and possible links with macular pigment optical density in young, healthy participants. METHODS One hundred thirty-nine participants aged 18 to 35 years were recruited to this cross-sectional study. The superficial FAZ area, foveal vascularity, and central macular thickness (CMT) were assessed using the Cirrus 5000. Health parameters, body mass index, trunk fat %, and macular pigment were analyzed to determine possible associations with the superficial FAZ. RESULTS Mean FAZ area was 0.23 ± 0.08 mm2. Females had a significantly larger mean FAZ area than males (p=0.002). The FAZ area was positively correlated with body mass index (Pearson's r = 0.189, p=0.026). Significant correlates of the FAZ area in the multivariate model included vessel perfusion (central), CMT, and trunk fat %, collectively explaining 65.1% of the overall variability. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that reduced vessel perfusion, thinner CMT, and higher trunk fat % are plausible predictors of a larger FAZ area in healthy Caucasian adults. Low macular pigment optical density was, however, not associated with increased FAZ size in young healthy eyes. Noninvasive optical coherence tomography angiography testing, in association with these predictors, may aid in the early detection and monitoring of retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Amarandei
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Wilke GA, Apte RS. Complement regulation in the eye: implications for age-related macular degeneration. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178296. [PMID: 38690727 PMCID: PMC11060743 DOI: 10.1172/jci178296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Careful regulation of the complement system is critical for enabling complement proteins to titrate immune defense while also preventing collateral tissue damage from poorly controlled inflammation. In the eye, this balance between complement activity and inhibition is crucial, as a low level of basal complement activity is necessary to support ocular immune privilege, a prerequisite for maintaining vision. Dysregulated complement activation contributes to parainflammation, a low level of inflammation triggered by cellular damage that functions to reestablish homeostasis, or outright inflammation that disrupts the visual axis. Complement dysregulation has been implicated in many ocular diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the last two decades, complement activity has been the focus of intense investigation in AMD pathogenesis, leading to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of atrophic AMD. This Review outlines recent advances and challenges, highlighting therapeutic approaches that have advanced to clinical trials, as well as providing a general overview of the complement system in the posterior segment of the eye and selected ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A. Wilke
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
| | - Rajendra S. Apte
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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14
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Hu W, Seah V, Huang V, Kim JE. Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Macular Pigment Optical Density and Visual Functions: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100216. [PMID: 38582248 PMCID: PMC11052915 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are bioactive molecules that function to scavenge free radicals and balance oxidative stress. Although all antioxidants can act as reactive oxygen species scavengers, their efficacy on eye health may vary. Moreover, the comparative effectiveness and potential additive effect between groups of antioxidants, hitherto, have not been systematically studied. A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the comparative or additive effect of dietary antioxidant supplements on eye health. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane) were searched, and relevant randomized controlled trials were identified. Out of 60 articles selected for systematic review, 38 were included in the network meta-analysis, categorized into 8 distinct antioxidant-supplemented groups and placebo. All groups significantly increased macular pigment optical density and contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequency, whereas only the antioxidant mixture + lutein (L) + fatty acid combination exhibited significant improvements in visual acuity (hazard ratio = -0.15; 95% confidence interval: -0.28, -0.02) and L + zeaxanthin combination for photostress recovery time (hazard ratio = -5.75; 95% confidence interval: -8.80, -1.70). Especially, the L + zeaxanthin + fatty acid combination was ranked best for macular pigment optical density (surface under the cumulative ranking: 99.3%) and second best for contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequency (67.7%). However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to low quality of evidence, primarily influenced by indirectness and potential publication bias. Overall, antioxidant supplementation was estimated to improve eye health parameters, whereas different combinations of antioxidants may also have varying effects on improving visual health from multiple perspectives. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022369250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Hu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vernice Seah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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15
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Carozza G, Zerti D, Tisi A, Ciancaglini M, Maccarrone M, Maccarone R. An overview of retinal light damage models for preclinical studies on age-related macular degeneration: identifying molecular hallmarks and therapeutic targets. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:303-330. [PMID: 38153807 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, multifactorial disease leading to progressive and irreversible retinal degeneration, whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet. Due to the complexity and to the multiple features of the disease, many efforts have been made to develop animal models which faithfully reproduce the overall AMD hallmarks or that are able to mimic the different AMD stages. In this context, light damage (LD) rodent models of AMD represent a suitable and reliable approach to mimic the different AMD forms (dry, wet and geographic atrophy) while maintaining the time-dependent progression of the disease. In this review, we comprehensively reported how the LD paradigms reproduce the main features of human AMD. We discuss the capability of these models to broaden the knowledge in AMD research, with a focus on the mechanisms and the molecular hallmarks underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. We also critically revise the remaining challenges and future directions for the use of LD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carozza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Darin Zerti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ciancaglini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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16
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Agrón E, Domalpally A, Chen Q, Lu Z, Chew EY, Keenan TDL. An Updated Simplified Severity Scale for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Incorporating Reticular Pseudodrusen: Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 42. Ophthalmology 2024:S0161-6420(24)00263-X. [PMID: 38657840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To update the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) simplified severity scale for risk of late age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including incorporation of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), and to perform external validation on the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2). DESIGN Post hoc analysis of 2 clinical trial cohorts: AREDS and AREDS2. PARTICIPANTS Participants with no late AMD in either eye at baseline in AREDS (n = 2719) and AREDS2 (n = 1472). METHODS Five-year rates of progression to late AMD were calculated according to levels 0 to 4 on the simplified severity scale after 2 updates: (1) noncentral geographic atrophy (GA) considered part of the outcome, rather than a risk feature, and (2) scale separation according to RPD status (determined by validated deep learning grading of color fundus photographs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Five-year rate of progression to late AMD (defined as neovascular AMD or any GA). RESULTS In the AREDS, after the first scale update, the 5-year rates of progression to late AMD for levels 0 to 4 were 0.3%, 4.5%, 12.9%, 32.2%, and 55.6%, respectively. As the final simplified severity scale, the 5-year progression rates for levels 0 to 4 were 0.3%, 4.3%, 11.6%, 26.7%, and 50.0%, respectively, for participants without RPD at baseline and 2.8%, 8.0%, 29.0%, 58.7%, and 72.2%, respectively, for participants with RPD at baseline. In external validation on the AREDS2, for levels 2 to 4, the progression rates were similar: 15.0%, 27.7%, and 45.7% (RPD absent) and 26.2%, 46.0%, and 73.0% (RPD present), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The AREDS AMD simplified severity scale has been modernized with 2 important updates. The new scale for individuals without RPD has 5-year progression rates of approximately 0.5%, 4%, 12%, 25%, and 50%, such that the rates on the original scale remain accurate. The new scale for individuals with RPD has 5-year progression rates of approximately 3%, 8%, 30%, 60%, and 70%, that is, approximately double for most levels. This scale fits updated definitions of late AMD, has increased prognostic accuracy, seems generalizable to similar populations, but remains simple for broad risk categorization. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Agrón
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amitha Domalpally
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Qingyu Chen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zhiyong Lu
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiarnan D L Keenan
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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17
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Brito M, Sorbier C, Mignet N, Boudy V, Borchard G, Vacher G. Understanding the Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4099. [PMID: 38612907 PMCID: PMC11012607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial ocular pathology that destroys the photoreceptors of the macula. Two forms are distinguished, dry and wet AMD, with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Although treatments were shown to be effective in wet AMD, they remain a heavy burden for patients and caregivers, resulting in a lack of patient compliance. For dry AMD, no real effective treatment is available in Europe. It is, therefore, essential to look for new approaches. Recently, the use of long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was identified as an interesting new therapeutic alternative. Indeed, the levels of these fatty acids, core components of photoreceptors, are significantly decreased in AMD patients. To better understand this pathology and to evaluate the efficacy of various molecules, in vitro and in vivo models reproducing the mechanisms of both types of AMD were developed. This article reviews the anatomy and the physiological aging of the retina and summarizes the clinical aspects, pathophysiological mechanisms of AMD and potential treatment strategies. In vitro and in vivo models of AMD are also presented. Finally, this manuscript focuses on the application of omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of both types of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlis Brito
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Capucine Sorbier
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Boudy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Vacher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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Lee SY, Jang SJ, Jeong HB, Lee JH, Kim GW, Venkatesh J, Back S, Kwon JK, Choi DM, Kim JI, Kim GJ, Kang BC. Leaky mutations in the zeaxanthin epoxidase in Capsicum annuum result in bright-red fruit containing a high amount of zeaxanthin. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:469-487. [PMID: 38180307 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Fruit color is one of the most important traits in peppers due to its esthetic value and nutritional benefits and is determined by carotenoid composition, resulting from diverse mutations of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. The EMS204 line, derived from an EMS mutant population, presents bright-red color, compared with the wild type Yuwolcho cultivar. HPLC analysis indicates that EMS204 fruit contains more zeaxanthin and less capsanthin and capsorubin than Yuwolcho. MutMap was used to reveal the color variation of EMS204 using an F3 population derived from a cross of EMS204 and Yuwolcho, and the locus was mapped to a 2.5-Mbp region on chromosome 2. Among the genes in the region, a missense mutation was found in ZEP (zeaxanthin epoxidase) that results in an amino acid sequence alteration (V291 → I). A color complementation experiment with Escherichia coli and ZEP in vitro assay using thylakoid membranes revealed decreased enzymatic activity of EMS204 ZEP. Analysis of endogenous plant hormones revealed a significant reduction in abscisic acid content in EMS204. Germination assays and salinity stress experiments corroborated the lower ABA levels in the seeds. Virus-induced gene silencing showed that ZEP silencing also results in bright-red fruit containing less capsanthin but more zeaxanthin than control. A germplasm survey of red color accessions revealed no similar carotenoid profiles to EMS204. However, a breeding line containing a ZEP mutation showed a very similar carotenoid profile to EMS204. Our results provide a novel breeding strategy to develop red pepper cultivars containing high zeaxanthin contents using ZEP mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Jeong Jang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Bong Jeong
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon Woo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungki Back
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Min Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Sesso HD, Rautiainen S, Park SJ, Kim E, Lee IM, Glynn RJ, Buring JE, Christen WG. Intake of Blueberries, Anthocyanins, and Risk of Eye Disease in Women. J Nutr 2024; 154:1404-1413. [PMID: 38432561 PMCID: PMC11007733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberries and anthocyanins, their key bioactive component, may improve eye health. However, few long-term studies have examined blueberries and anthocyanins with cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). OBJECTIVES To investigate the prospective association between blueberry and anthocyanin intake with incident cataract, total AMD, and visually significant AMD among middle-aged and older women. METHODS A total of 36,653 and 35,402 women initially free of AMD and cataract, respectively, aged ≥45 y from the Women's Health Study provided semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire data on blueberry intake categorized as none, 1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, or ≥2 servings/wk, plus a combined category of ≥1 serving/wk. Total anthocyanin intake and major subclasses were energy-adjusted and categorized into quintiles. Self-reported risk factors of eye disease were adjusted in multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of confirmed cataract, AMD, and visually significant AMD with mean follow-up of 11 y. RESULTS Among the participants, 10.5% consumed ≥1 serving/wk of blueberries, with mean total anthocyanin intake of 11.2 mg/d. Compared to no blueberry intake, women consuming 1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, and ≥2 servings/wk had corresponding multivariable HRs of total AMD of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.11), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.00), and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.93) (Ptrend = 0.011); those consuming ≥1 servings/wk had an HR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.98). A similar magnitude of HRs were found for visually significant AMD (Ptrend = 0.012) but not for cataract. There were no significant associations between increasing total anthocyanin quintiles and total and visually significant AMD, but there was a modest inverse association with cataract (Ptrend = 0.022), driven by a 10% reduction in cataract in the upper 2 quintiles. CONCLUSIONS Greater blueberry intake significantly reduced total AMD, but not visually significant AMD or cataract. However, the magnitude of effect for visually significant AMD was similar to total AMD. There was a modest but significant inverse association between dietary anthocyanin intake with cataract but not AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Susanne Rautiainen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Jaehwa Park
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William G Christen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Broadhead GK, Grigg J, McCluskey PJ, Hong T, Schlub TE, Chu E, Chang AA. Saffron therapy for the ongoing treatment of age-related macular degeneration. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2024; 9:e001399. [PMID: 38485112 PMCID: PMC10941132 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of oral saffron, a natural antioxidant, in treating mild/moderate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Open-label, extension trial of 93 adults (>50 years) with mild/moderate AMD and vision >20/70 Snellen equivalent in at least 1 eye. Exclusion criteria included confounding visual lesions or significant gastrointestinal disease impairing absorption.Participants were given oral saffron supplementation (20 mg/day) for 12 months. Those already consuming Age-Related Eye Diseases Study (AREDS) supplements or equivalent maintained these.Primary outcomes included changes in multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) response density and latency, and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Secondary outcomes included safety outcomes, changes in mfERG and BCVA among participants on AREDS supplements and changes in microperimetry. RESULTS At 12 months, mean mfERG response density was significantly higher in rings 1, 2 and overall (p<0.001 for all) but not in rings 3-6, and there was no difference in response between those taking AREDS supplements and those not (p>0.05). Mean mfERG latency was not significantly different in any of rings 1-6 or overall (p>0.05 for all), again with no difference between those taking AREDS supplements or not (p>0.05). Mean BCVA was 1.6 letters worse (p<0.05) with no difference between those on AREDS supplements or not, and this may have been related to cataract progression. No saffron-related serious adverse events were detected. CONCLUSION Saffron supplementation modestly improved mfERG responses in participants with AMD, including those using AREDS supplements. Given the chronic nature of AMD, longer-term supplementation may produce greater benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K Broadhead
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Retina Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cureos, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Grigg
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter J McCluskey
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Hong
- Sydney Retina Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cureos, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy E Schlub
- The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eugenia Chu
- Sydney Retina Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cureos, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew A Chang
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Retina Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cureos, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Curcio CA, Kar D, Owsley C, Sloan KR, Ach T. Age-Related Macular Degeneration, a Mathematically Tractable Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:4. [PMID: 38466281 PMCID: PMC10916886 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A progression sequence for age-related macular degeneration onset may be determinable with consensus neuroanatomical nomenclature augmented by drusen biology and eye-tracked clinical imaging. This narrative review proposes to supplement the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (sETDRS) grid with a ring to capture high rod densities. Published photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) densities in flat mounted aged-normal donor eyes were recomputed for sETDRS rings including near-periphery rich in rods and cumulatively for circular fovea-centered regions. Literature was reviewed for tissue-level studies of aging outer retina, population-level epidemiology studies regionally assessing risk, vision studies regionally assessing rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA), and impact of atrophy on photopic visual acuity. The 3 mm-diameter xanthophyll-rich macula lutea is rod-dominant and loses rods in aging whereas cone and RPE numbers are relatively stable. Across layers, the largest aging effects are accumulation of lipids prominent in drusen, loss of choriocapillary coverage of Bruch's membrane, and loss of rods. Epidemiology shows maximal risk for drusen-related progression in the central subfield with only one third of this risk level in the inner ring. RMDA studies report greatest slowing at the perimeter of this high-risk area. Vision declines precipitously when the cone-rich central subfield is invaded by geographic atrophy. Lifelong sustenance of foveal cone vision within the macula lutea leads to vulnerability in late adulthood that especially impacts rods at its perimeter. Adherence to an sETDRS grid and outer retinal cell populations within it will help dissect mechanisms, prioritize research, and assist in selecting patients for emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Deepayan Kar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Cynthia Owsley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Sloan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Thomas Ach
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Donghia R, Campanella A, Bonfiglio C, Cuccaro F, Tatoli R, Giannelli G. Protective Role of Lycopene in Subjects with Liver Disease: NUTRIHEP Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:562. [PMID: 38398886 PMCID: PMC10892188 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver diseases are constantly increasing throughout the world and are often associated with other diseases, but above all they are caused by improper diet. Adherence to a diet with abundant vegetables has now been widely demonstrated to be important in combating this pathological condition. The aim of this study was to explore the protective role of lycopene (LYC) extracts from cooked and fresh tomato. METHODS The study cohort included 969 participants assessed in the NUTRIHEP cohort (2005-2006) and the associated follow-up (2014-2016), divided into two groups, based on liver condition: NAFLD, or AFLD and FLD. RESULTS The results indicated a statistical significance of LYC consumption, showing a protective role against liver disease, the best concentration being 9.50 mg/die, with an RR value of 0.59, p = 0.01, 0.39 to 0.90 at 95% C.I., and RRR = 0.40, p = 0.002, 0.22 to 0.71 at 95% C.I. CONCLUSIONS The protective role of LYC extracts from tomato has not been amply demonstrated in humans. We conclude that this is one of the few papers in the literature to evaluate the protective effect of LYC against liver disease, as well as how this molecule could be used in future possible treatments. Utilizing lycopene as a supplement alone or in combination with other foods could be useful for developing treatments with reduced contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Angelo Campanella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Rossella Tatoli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
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23
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Shen J, Chen L, Lv X, Liu N, Miao Y, Zhang Q, Xiao Z, Li M, Yang Y, Liu Z, Chen Q. Emerging Co-Assembled and Sustained Released Natural Medicinal Nanoparticles for Multitarget Therapy of Choroidal Neovascularization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314095. [PMID: 38344832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) disease has become a worldwide senile disease, and frequent intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is the mainstream treatment in the clinic, which is associated with sight-threatening complications. Herein, nintedanib, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, and lutein, a potent antioxidant, can co-assemble into nanoparticles through multiple noncovalent interactions. Interestingly, the co-assembled lutein/nintedanib nanoparticles (L/N NPs) exhibit significantly improved stability and achieve long-term sustained release of two drugs for at least two months in mice. Interestingly, in rabbit eyeball with a more complete barrier system, the L/N NPs still successfully distribute in the retina and choroid for a month. In the laser-induced mouse choroidal neovascularization model, the L/N NPs after a minimally invasive subconjunctival administration can successfully inhibit angiogenesis and achieve comparable and even better therapeutic results to that of standard intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF. Therefore, the subconjunctival injection of L/N NPs with long-term sustained drug release behavior represents a promising and innovative strategy for AMD treatment. Such minimally invasive administration together with the ability to effectively inhibit angiogenesis reduce inflammation and counteract oxidative stress and holds great potential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life in those suffering from this debilitating eye condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Linfu Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinying Lv
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nanhui Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Zhisheng Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Maoyi Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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24
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Desmettre T, Baillif S, Mathis T, Gatinel D, Mainster M. [Blue light and intraocular lenses (IOLs): Beliefs and realities]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104043. [PMID: 38241770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The first intraocular lenses (IOLs) used for cataract surgery transmitted both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and visible light to the retina. Colorless UV-blocking IOLs were introduced and rapidly adopted in the 1980s. Yellow-tinted blue-blocking (also known as blue-filtering) IOLs were marketed in the early 1990s. Blue-blocking IOLs were intended to simulate age-related crystalline lens yellowing to reduce the cyanopsia that some patients experienced after cataract surgery. When blue-filtering IOLs were introduced in North America, however, blue-blocking chromophores were advocated as a way to protect patients from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) despite the lack of evidence that normal environmental light exposure causes AMD. The "blue light hazard" is a term that describes the experimental finding that acute, abnormally intense light exposures are potentially more phototoxic to the retina when short rather than long wavelengths are used. Thus, in brief exposures to intense light sources such as welding arcs, ultraviolet radiation is more hazardous than blue light, which is more hazardous than longer wavelength green or red light. International commissions have cautioned that the blue light hazard does not apply to normal indoor or outdoor light exposures. Nonetheless, the hazard is used for commercial purposes to suggest misleadingly that ambient environmental light can cause acute retinal phototoxicity and increase the risk of AMD. Very large epidemiological studies show that blue-blocking IOLs do not reduce the risk or progression of AMD. Additionally, blue-filtering IOLs or spectacles cannot decrease glare disability, because they decrease image and glare illuminance in the same proportion. Blue light is essential for older adults' scotopic photoreception needed to reduce the risk of nighttime falling and related injuries. It is also critical for circadian photoreception that is essential for good health, sleep and cognitive performance. Unfortunately, age-related pupillary miosis, retinal rod and ganglion cell photoreceptor degeneration and decreased outdoor activity all reduce the amount of healthful blue light available to older adults. Blue-restricting IOLs further reduce the available blue light at a time when older adults need it most. Patients and ophthalmologists are exposed to hypothesis-based advertisements for blue-filtering optical devices that suppress short wavelength light critical for vision in dim lighting and for good physical and mental health. Spectacle and intraocular lens selections should be based on scientific fact, not conjecture. Ideal IOLs should improve photoreception rather than limit it permanently. Practice efficiency, surgical convenience and physician-manufacturer relationships may eliminate a patient's opportunity to choose between colorless blue-transmitting IOLs and yellow-tinted, blue-restricting IOLs. Cataract surgeons ultimately determine whether their patients have the opportunity to make an informed choice about their future photoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Desmettre
- Centre de rétine médicale, 187, rue de Menin, 59520 Marquette-Lez-Lille, France.
| | - S Baillif
- Département d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice cedex 1, France
| | - T Mathis
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - D Gatinel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, fondation A.-de-Rothschild, 25, rue Manin, 75940 Paris cedex 19, France
| | - M Mainster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Prairie Village, Kansas, États-Unis
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Shelton DA, Gefke I, Summers V, Kim YK, Yu H, Getz Y, Ferdous S, Donaldson K, Liao K, Papania JT, Chrenek MA, Boatright JH, Nickerson JM. Age-Related RPE changes in Wildtype C57BL/6J Mice between 2 and 32 Months. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.574142. [PMID: 38352604 PMCID: PMC10862734 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.574142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This study provides a systematic evaluation of age-related changes in RPE cell structure and function using a morphometric approach. We aim to better capture nuanced predictive changes in cell heterogeneity that reflect loss of RPE integrity during normal aging. Using C57BL6/J mice ranging from P60-P730, we sought to evaluate how regional changes in RPE shape reflect incremental losses in RPE cell function with advancing age. We hypothesize that tracking global morphological changes in RPE is predictive of functional defects over time. Methods We tested three groups of C57BL/6J mice (young: P60-180; Middle-aged: P365-729; aged: 730+) for function and structural defects using electroretinograms, immunofluorescence, and phagocytosis assays. Results The largest changes in RPE morphology were evident between the young and aged groups, while the middle-aged group exhibited smaller but notable region-specific differences. We observed a 1.9-fold increase in cytoplasmic alpha-catenin expression specifically in the central-medial region of the eye between the young and aged group. There was an 8-fold increase in subretinal, IBA-1-positive immune cell recruitment and a significant decrease in visual function in aged mice compared to young mice. Functional defects in the RPE corroborated by changes in RPE phagocytotic capacity. Conclusions The marked increase of cytoplasmic alpha-catenin expression and subretinal immune cell deposition, and decreased visual output coincide with regional changes in RPE cell morphometrics when stratified by age. These cumulative changes in the RPE morphology showed predictive regional patterns of stress associated with loss of RPE integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debresha A. Shelton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Isabelle Gefke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Vivian Summers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanyi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yana Getz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Salma Ferdous
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kevin Donaldson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Kristie Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jack T. Papania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Micah A. Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeffrey H. Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - John M. Nickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Fitzpatrick NK, Capra S, Shore A, Briskey D, Jackman S, Bowtell J, Chachay V. Newly developed dietary assessment tools for lutein and zeaxanthin are correlated with 24-hour diet recalls, but are not a valid measure of intake in Australian and United Kingdom adults. Nutr Res 2024; 122:68-79. [PMID: 38185062 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Habitual dietary intake measurement of carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) has often been omitted or attempted with tools of unknown validity in past research. It was hypothesized that the dietary assessment tool, the L/Z screener, developed as part of this study, would be valid with agreement within 0.25 mg/day when compared against multiple 24-hour diet recalls in healthy Australian and United Kingdom adults. Two screeners with 91 food items were developed, 1 with a recall timeframe of a month and the other a week. Over 4 weeks, 56 Australian and 47 United Kingdom participants completed 4 weekly screeners, 2 monthly screeners, and eight 24-hour diet recalls. Validity was assessed through Bland-Altman plot analysis. L/Z intake measured by all tools was significantly correlated, with correlation coefficients from 0.58 to 0.83. Despite these correlations, the screeners were not valid, with poor Bland-Altman plot agreement when compared with the diet recalls. The Australian weekly screener performed best, demonstrating a mean difference of 0.51 mg/day and 95% limits of agreement between -1.46 mg/day and 2.49 mg/day of L/Z intake. Baby spinach, broccoli, and pumpkin provided the greatest proportion of L/Z intake. The low validity may be explained by high rates of misestimation or missed capture of moderate to high L/Z containing foods such as baby spinach. Prior research reliant on correlational statistics for L/Z tool validity should be interpreted with caution, and future screener development should prioritize accurate capture of high contribution foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kathleen Fitzpatrick
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia.
| | - Sandra Capra
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Angela Shore
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
| | - David Briskey
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Sarah Jackman
- Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Bowtell
- Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Chachay
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
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27
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Wu Z, Terheyden JH, Hodgson LAB, Guymer RH. Choroidal signal hypertransmission on optical coherence tomography imaging: Association with development of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38286571 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between large choroidal signal hypertransmission ≥250 μm (LHyperT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) with the risk of developing geographic atrophy (GA) and compare this risk with those associated with nascent geographic atrophy (nGA). METHODS Two hundred and eighty eyes from 140 participants with bilateral large drusen and without late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or nGA at baseline underwent OCT imaging and colour fundus photography (CFP) at 6-monthly intervals up to 5 years. OCT scans were graded for the presence of LHyperT and nGA, and CFPs were graded for the presence of GA. RESULTS The five-year incidence of LHyperT and nGA were 37% and 27% respectively (p = 0.003), and the two-year probability of their progression to GA were 17% and 40%, respectively (p = 0.002). LHyperT and nGA explained 81% and 91% of the variance in the time to develop GA, respectively (p = 0.032), and they were both associated with a significantly higher rate of GA development compared to eyes without these lesions (adjusted hazard ratio = 110.8 and 183.2, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS LHyperT and nGA were both high-risk features for GA development, but the latter showed a higher rate of GA progression and explained a significantly greater proportion of the variance in the time to develop GA. As such, nGA may be a more robust surrogate endpoint than LHyperT for the conventional clinical endpoint of CFP-defined GA for intervention trials in the early stages of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan H Terheyden
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lauren A B Hodgson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Koçyiğit E, Gövez NE, Arslan S, Ağagündüz D. A narrative review on dietary components and patterns and age-related macular degeneration. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38221852 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most prevalent eye diseases among the ageing population worldwide. It is a leading cause of blindness in individuals over 55, particularly in industrialised Western countries. The prevalence of AMD increases with age, and genetic factors and environmental influences are believed to contribute to its development. Among the environmental factors, diet plays a significant role in AMD. This review explores the association between dietary components, dietary patterns and AMD. Various nutrients, non-nutrient substances and dietary models that have the potential to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation, which are underlying mechanisms of AMD, are discussed. Consuming fruits, vegetables, fish and seafood, whole grains, olive oil, nuts and low-glycaemic-index foods has been highlighted as beneficial for reducing the risk of AMD. Adhering to the Mediterranean diet, which encompasses these elements, can be recommended as a dietary pattern for AMD. Furthermore, the modulation of the gut microbiota through dietary interventions and probiotics has shown promise in managing AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Koçyiğit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Nazlıcan Erdoğan Gövez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sabriye Arslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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29
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Behzadi M, Akbarzadeh M, Mohammadi Sartang M, Rabiee M, Bideshki MV. Effect of carotenoid supplementation on blood pressure in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad172. [PMID: 38219250 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypertension (HTN) is regarded as a serious public health issue throughout the world. High blood pressure (BP) may be improved by carotenoid supplementation; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide conflicting evidence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carotenoid supplementation on BP in RCTs by systematically review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases until October 2023, with no limitation on the date or language of publication. DATA EXTRACTION Studies that evaluated the net effects of carotenoids in the form of supplements on BP in adults were selected. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated on the basis of a fixed or random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, publication bias, and heterogeneity were assessed using standard methods. Cochrane quality assessments were used to evaluate the included studies' bias risks. Evidence certainty was calculated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework). DATA ANALYSIS Reports on a total of 19 RCTs involving 1151 participants were included in this review. Carotenoid supplementation significantly reduced the systolic BP (SBP) (WMD, -2.492 mmHg; 95%CI, -4.52, -0.47; P = 0.016) and diastolic BP (DBP) (WMD, -1.60 mmHg; 95%CI, -2.73, -0.47; P = 0.005). Greater effects were observed in Asian participants, those aged >50 years, nonhealthy participants, and participants with a baseline SBP ≥130 mmHg and DBP ≥80 mmHg, at dose >10 mg. Dose-response analysis showed that carotenoid supplementation decreased SBP and DBP levels at doses of, respectively, 0-25 and 0-20 mg/d. Evidence for all SBP, DBP, and heart rate values was high quality. CONCLUSIONS Carotenoid supplementation had a beneficial effect on BP parameters, especially in nonhealthy study participants with high BP baseline levels. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NO CRD42023402740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Behzadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi Sartang
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rabiee
- Department of Sport Sciences, International Division, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vesal Bideshki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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30
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Fleckenstein M, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Chakravarthy U. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. JAMA 2024; 331:147-157. [PMID: 38193957 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Importance Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects approximately 20 million people in the US and 196 million people worldwide. AMD is a leading cause of severe vision impairment in older people and is expected to affect approximately 288 million people worldwide by 2040. Observations Older age, genetic factors, and environmental factors, such as cigarette smoking, are associated with development of AMD. AMD occurs when extracellular deposits accumulate in the outer retina, ultimately leading to photoreceptor degeneration and loss of central vision. The late stages of AMD are characterized by outer retinal atrophy, termed geographic atrophy, or neovascularization associated with subretinal and/or intraretinal exudation, termed exudative neovascular AMD. The annual incidence of AMD ranges from 0.3 per 1000 in people who are aged 55 to 59 years to 36.7 per 1000 in people aged 90 years or older. The estimated heritability of late-stage AMD is approximately 71% (95% CI, 18%-88%). Long-term prospective cohort studies show a significantly higher AMD incidence in people who smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day compared with people who never smoked. AMD is diagnosed primarily with clinical examination that includes a special lens that focuses light of the slit lamp through the pupil. Exudative neovascular AMD is best identified using angiography and by optical coherence tomography. Individuals with AMD who take nutritional supplements consisting of high-dose vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and zinc have a 20% probability to progress to late-stage AMD at 5 years vs a 28% probability for those taking a placebo. In exudative neovascular AMD, 94.6% of patients receiving monthly intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections experience less than a 15-letter visual acuity loss after 12 months compared with 62.2% receiving sham treatment. Conclusions and Relevance The prevalence of AMD is anticipated to increase worldwide to 288 million individuals by 2040. Intravitreally administered anti-VEGF treatment is first-line therapy for exudative neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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31
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Nehzat N, Browne RW, Ghazal D, Tamaño-Blanco M, Jakimovski D, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Ramanathan M. Exploratory 5-year follow-up study of retinol, tocopherols, and carotenoids in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 81:105143. [PMID: 38039941 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol, tocopherols, and carotenoids (RTC) have physiological roles as vitamins, pro-vitamins, and antioxidants, and provide biomarkers of dietary vegetable and fruit intake. The goal was to investigate RTC in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This exploratory study included 106 people with MS (71 relapsing-remitting MS or RR-MS; and 35 progressive MS or PMS) and 31 healthy controls (HC) at baseline and 5-year follow-up (5YFU). Serum retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels were measured using the single molecule array method. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and low contrast letter acuity (LCLA) were used as disability measures. RESULTS Retinol in MS was positively correlated with α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and α-tocopherol but negatively correlated with δ-tocopherol. EDSS was associated with α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and lycopene. Greater retinol levels were associated with greater LCLA in RR-MS and PMS; high contrast visual acuity was not associated. Greater γ-tocopherol levels were associated with lower LCLA and high contrast visual acuity in PMS. CONCLUSIONS RTC exhibit distinctive associations with LCLA and EDSS in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Nehzat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Diala Ghazal
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Miriam Tamaño-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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32
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Cheng BT, Kim AB, Lyon AT, Mirza RG. Disease Awareness Among Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Patterns and Predictors. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2024; 8:58-66. [PMID: 38223766 PMCID: PMC10786073 DOI: 10.1177/24741264231210078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the prevalence and predictors of patient awareness of their disease in adults with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: This study analyzed 5553 adults 40 years or older in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who underwent retinal imaging. AMD was determined based on retinal images. Patient awareness of their AMD was assessed by a self-reported AMD diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association of patient awareness of their AMD with sociodemographic characteristics and specific AMD lesion types on retinal imaging. Results: AMD was identified in 425 of the adults surveyed (6.5%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5%-7.5%), including 87.7% (95% CI, 82.9%-92.5%) with early AMD and 12.3% (95% CI, 7.5%-17.1%) with late AMD. Among adults with either type of AMD on retinal imaging, 17.5% (95% CI, 13.1%-22.0%) were aware of their disease, which included 11.6% (95% CI, 8.4%-14.9%) with early AMD and 59.2% (95% CI, 43.1%-75.3%) with late AMD (P < .0001). In the same group, those aged 60 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 33.46; 95% CI, 7.67-146.03) and with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse (OR, 4.63; 95% CI, 2.95-7.26) had higher awareness of their AMD diagnosis, whereas Hispanic (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09-0.88) vs White adults and those who did not speak English at home (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.41) had lower awareness of their diagnosis. Conclusions: Fewer than 1 in 5 adults with AMD were aware of their personal diagnosis, including fewer than 3 in 5 adults with late AMD. Older adults and those with worse vision were more likely to know they have AMD, whereas Hispanic adults and those who did not speak English at home were less likely. Efforts to increase patients' awareness of their AMD may improve rates of follow-up and prevent vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne B. Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alice T. Lyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rukhsana G. Mirza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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33
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Anderson G, Borooah S, Megaw R, Bagnaninchi P, Weller R, McLeod A, Dhillon B. UVR and RPE - The Good, the Bad and the degenerate Macula. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 100:101233. [PMID: 38135244 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) has a well-established causative influence within the aetiology of conditions of the skin and the anterior segment of the eye. However, a grounded assessment of the role of UVR within conditions of the retina has been hampered by a historical lack of quantitative, and spectrally resolved, assessment of how UVR impacts upon the retina in terms congruent with contemporary theories of ageing. In this review, we sought to summarise the key findings of research investigating the connection between UVR exposure in retinal cytopathology while identifying necessary avenues for future research which can deliver a deeper understanding of UVR's place within the retinal risk landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Anderson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Roly Megaw
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew McLeod
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4SB, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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34
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Yang ZH, Gorusupudi A, Lydic TA, Mondal AK, Sato S, Yamazaki I, Yamaguchi H, Tang J, Rojulpote KV, Lin AB, Decot H, Koch H, Brock DC, Arunkumar R, Shi ZD, Yu ZX, Pryor M, Kun JF, Swenson RE, Swaroop A, Bernstein PS, Remaley AT. Dietary fish oil enriched in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid reduces cardiometabolic risk factors and improves retinal function. iScience 2023; 26:108411. [PMID: 38047069 PMCID: PMC10692724 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs; C24-38) constitute a unique class of PUFA that have important biological roles, but the lack of a suitable dietary source has limited research in this field. We produced an n-3 C24-28-rich VLCPUFA-oil concentrated from fish oil to study its bioavailability and physiological functions in C57BL/6J mice. The serum and retinal C24:5 levels increased significantly compared to control after a single-dose gavage, and VLCPUFAs were incorporated into the liver, brain, and eyes after 8-week supplementation. Dietary VLCPUFAs resulted in favorable cardiometabolic changes, and improved electroretinography responses and visual performance. VLCPUFA supplementation changed the expression of genes involved in PPAR signaling pathways. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that the VLCPUFA-oil and chemically synthesized C24:5 are potent agonists for PPARs. The multiple potential beneficial effects of fish oil-derived VLCPUFAs on cardiometabolic risk and eye health in mice support future efforts to develop VLCPUFA-oil into a supplemental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aruna Gorusupudi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Todd A. Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anupam K. Mondal
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seizo Sato
- Central Research Laboratory, Nissui Corporation, 1-32-3 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0991, Japan
| | - Isao Yamazaki
- Central Research Laboratory, Nissui Corporation, 1-32-3 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0991, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamaguchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Nissui Corporation, 1-32-3 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0991, Japan
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna B. Lin
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hannah Decot
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hannah Koch
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Daniel C. Brock
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ranganathan Arunkumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Zhen-Dan Shi
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia F. Kun
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul S. Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Neufeld LM, Ho E, Obeid R, Tzoulis C, Green M, Huber LG, Stout M, Griffiths JC. Advancing nutrition science to meet evolving global health needs. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1-16. [PMID: 38015211 PMCID: PMC10684707 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Populations in crisis!A global overview of health challenges and policy efforts within the scope of current nutrition issues, from persistent forms of undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiency, to diet-related chronic diseases. Nutrition science has evolved from a therapeutic and prevention emphasis to include a focus on diets and food systems. Working and consensus definitions are needed, as well as guidance related to healthy diets and the emerging issues that require further research and consensus building. Between nutrient deficiency and chronic disease, nutrition has evolved from focusing exclusively on the extremes of overt nutrient deficiency and chronic disease prevention, to equipping bodies with the ability to cope with physiologic, metabolic, and psychological stress. Just what is 'optimal nutrition', is that a valid public health goal, and what terminology is being provided by the nutrition science community? Nutrition research on 'healthspan', resilience, and intrinsic capacity may provide evidence to support optimal nutrition. Finally, experts provide views on ongoing challenges of achieving consensus or acceptance of the various definitions and interventions for health promotion, and how these can inform government health policies.Nutrition topics that receive particular focus in these proceedings include choline, NAD-replenishment in neurodegenerative diseases, and xanthophyll carotenoids. Choline is a crucial nutrient essential for cellular metabolism, requiring consumption from foods or supplements due to inadequate endogenous synthesis. Maternal choline intake is vital for fetal and infant development to prevent neural tube defects. Neurodegenerative diseases pose a growing health challenge, lacking effective therapies. Nutrition, including NAD-replenishing nutrients, might aid prevention. Emerging research indicates xanthophyll carotenoids enhance vision and cognition, potentially impacting age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette M Neufeld
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute and College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's Disease, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marina Green
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Luke G Huber
- Council for Responsible Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - James C Griffiths
- Council for Responsible Nutrition-International, Washington, DC, USA.
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36
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Fantaguzzi F, Tombolini B, Servillo A, Zucchiatti I, Sacconi R, Bandello F, Querques G. Shedding Light on Photobiomodulation Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Narrative Review. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:2903-2915. [PMID: 37768527 PMCID: PMC10640464 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation (PBM) relies on the pathophysiological mechanism whereby red to near-infrared light can target mitochondrial activity and promote ATP synthesis. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown promising results in treating intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD), since PBM can produce photochemical reactions in endogenous retinal chromophores. Currently, PBM is approved by the Food and Drug Administration and by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of intermediate AMD. This narrative review aimed to evaluate the available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of PBM in treating intermediate AMD. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted using the PubMed database, employing the keywords "photobiomodulation" and "age-related macular degeneration." All English-language studies published up to June 2023 were reviewed, and the search was expanded to include relevant references from selected articles. The included publications were analyzed for this review. RESULTS The available studies on PBM in AMD demonstrated promising but inconsistent results. PBM showed potential in improving best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients with AMD. Some studies also suggested a reduction in AMD lesions, such as drusen volume. However, the long-term efficacy and optimal treatment parameters of PBM in AMD remained to be fully determined due to the limitations of the available studies. These included variations in irradiation techniques, wavelengths, exposure times, and treatment sessions, making it challenging to generalize the effectiveness of PBM. Furthermore, the lack of accurate classification of AMD phenotypes in the available studies hindered the understanding of which phenotypes could truly benefit from this treatment. Finally, the strength of evidence varied among studies, with limited sample sizes, unpublished results, and only three randomized sham-controlled trials. CONCLUSIONS Currently, the effectiveness of PBM in promoting drusen resorption or preventing progression to advanced forms of AMD, as observed in the cited studies, remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Fantaguzzi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Tombolini
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Servillo
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zucchiatti
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sacconi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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37
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Alghamdi A, Keegan D, Connell P, Dooley I, O'Toole L. Adherence of patients with age-related macular degeneration to AREDS 2-recommended nutritional supplements. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:3163-3167. [PMID: 36971785 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS 2) proved the benefit of vitamin and mineral supplementation in preventing advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AREDS 2 supplements are indicated for patients with either bilateral intermediate AMD (AREDS category 3) or unilateral neovascular AMD (AREDS category 4). AIMS The aims of this telephone survey were to identify the rate of adherence of patients to AREDS 2 supplements and the factors associated with non-compliance in these patient groups. METHODS A patient telephone survey was conducted in an Irish tertiary care hospital. Patients were identified by chart review, and their AREDS categorization was reconfirmed. A telephone consultation was conducted with each patient to assess their compliance with the micronutrient supplements. RESULTS We identified 120 patients who met the AREDS criteria for supplementation. Of these, 103 patients were graded as category 4, and 17 patients were graded as category 3. Almost a fifth (18%) were current smokers. Under two-thirds (60%) of the patients were taking AREDS 2 supplements. Of the remainder, 83% of patients did not recall being advised of their benefit. The cost was cited by 10% of patients as a reason for non-compliance. CONCLUSION The ophthalmologist not only has a duty of care to treat the neovascular complications of AMD, but they must also strive to improve patient compliance with AREDS supplements. The cessation of smoking needs to be actively promoted in order to stop preventable vision loss in patients with AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammr Alghamdi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Keegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Connell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian Dooley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise O'Toole
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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38
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Honzíková T, Agbaga MP, Anderson RE, Brush R, Ahmad M, Musílková L, Šejstalová K, Alishevich K, Beneš R, Šimicová P, Berčíková M, Filip V, Kyselka J. Novel Approaches for Elongation of Fish Oils into Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Enzymatic Interesterification into Glycerolipids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17909-17923. [PMID: 37947776 PMCID: PMC10682991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Elongation of the Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids-4 (ELOVL4) enzyme that is expressed in neuronal tissues, sperm, and testes mediates biosynthesis of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) from dietary long chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs). The VLC-PUFAs are critical for neuronal and reproductive function. Therefore, mutations in ELOVL4 that affect VLC-PUFA biosynthesis contribute to retinal degenerative diseases including Autosomal Dominant Stargardt-like Macular Dystrophy (STGD3). Recent studies have also shown not only a depletion of retinal VLC-PUFAs with normal aging but also a more significant loss of VLC-PUFAs in donor eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, currently, there are no natural sources of VLC-PUFAs to be evaluated as dietary supplements for the attenuation of retinal degeneration in animal models of STGD3. Here, we report the development of a novel chemical approach for elongation of eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n-3) acids from fish oils by 6 carbon atoms to make a unique group of VLC-PUFAs, namely all-cis-hexacosa-11,14,17,20,23-pentaenoic acids (C26:5 n-3) and all-cis-octacosa-10,13,16,19,22,25-hexaenoic acids (C28:6 n-3). The three-step elongation approach that we report herein resulted in a good overall yield of up to 20.2%. This more sustainable approach also resulted in improved functional group compatibility and minimal impact on the geometrical integrity of the all-cis double bond system of the VLC-PUFAs. In addition, we also successfully used commercial deep-sea fish oil concentrate as an inexpensive material for the C6 elongation of fish oil LC-PUFAs into VLC-PUFAs, which resulted in the making of gram scales of VLC-PUFAs with an even higher isolation yield of 31.0%. The quality of fish oils and the content of oxidized lipids were key since both strongly affected the activity of the PEPPSI-IPr catalyst and ultimately the yield of coupling reactions. Downstream enzymatic interesterification was used for the first time to prepare structured glycerolipids enriched with VLC-PUFAs that could be evaluated in vivo to determine absorption and transport to target tissues relative to those of the free fatty acid forms. It turned out that in the synthesis of structured triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids with VLC-PUFAs, the polarity of the immobilized lipase carrier and its humidity were essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Honzíková
- Department
of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Departments of Cell Biology & Ophthalmology,
Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of
Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Robert Eugene Anderson
- Departments of Cell Biology & Ophthalmology,
Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of
Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Richard Brush
- Departments of Cell Biology & Ophthalmology,
Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of
Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmad
- Departments of Cell Biology & Ophthalmology,
Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of
Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Lenka Musílková
- The
Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and
Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology, Technická
5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - Karolína Šejstalová
- The
Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and
Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology, Technická
5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - Katsiaryna Alishevich
- Department
of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Beneš
- Department
of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Šimicová
- Department
of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - Markéta Berčíková
- Department
of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Filip
- Department
of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Kyselka
- Department
of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
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Seddon JM, De D, Rosner B. Family History of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Genetics Predict Progression to Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration Adjusting for Macular Status, Demographic, and Lifestyle Factors. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 255:74-86. [PMID: 37437830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if a family history of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and genetic variants identify eyes at higher risk for progression to advanced AMD (AAMD), after controlling for baseline demographics, behavioral factors, and macular status. DESIGN Prospective, longitudinal cohort study. METHODS Eyes were classified using the Age-Related Eye Disease Study severity scale. Non-genetic and genetic predictors for progression to AAMD, geographic atrophy, and neovascular disease were evaluated. Cox proportional hazards models using the eye as the unit of analysis were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), accounting for correlated data. Discrimination between progressing and non-progressing eyes was assessed using C-statistics and net reclassification improvement (NRI). RESULTS Among 4910 eyes, 863 progressed to AAMD over 12 years. Baseline AMD severity scale and status of the fellow eye were important predictors; genes provided additional discrimination. A family history of AMD also independently predicted progression after accounting for genetic and other covariates: 1 family member versus none (HR 1.21 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.02-1.43]; P = 0.03); ≥2 family members versus none (HR 1.55 [95% CI 1.26-1.90]; P < 0.001). A composite risk score calculated using β estimates of both non-genetic and significant genetic factors predicted progression to AAMD (HR 5.57; 90th vs 10th percentile; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.92), providing superior fit compared with other models, including one with only ocular variables (NRI = 0.34; P < 0.001; AUC = 0.87, ΔAUC 0.05 ± 0.005; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Genetic variants and family history provided additional discrimination for predicting progression to AAMD, after accounting for baseline macular status and other covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Seddon
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (J.M.S., D.D.), University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | - Dikha De
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (J.M.S., D.D.), University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Medicine (B.R.), Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Ueno K, Matsushita T, Sugihara M, Yamada K, Sato H, Onoue S. Solid lipid nanoparticles of lutein with improved dissolution behavior and oral absorption. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:877-883. [PMID: 37828716 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2270032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop solid lipid nanoparticles of lutein (SLN/LT) with improved dissolution behavior and oral absorption. SLN/LT were prepared by a flash nanoprecipitation method using a multi-inlet vortex mixer, and their physicochemical, photochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated. The mean particle size of SLN/LT re-dispersed in water was 237 nm, and small spherical particles with no significant aggregation were observed. LT significantly generated singlet oxygen upon exposure to pseudo-sunlight (250 W/m2, 1 h), suggesting its high photoreactivity. The remaining LT in LT solution, crystalline LT, and SLN/LT after irradiation with pseudo-sunlight (250 W/m2, 2 h) were 56.3, 86.7, and 101%, respectively. SLN/LT showed improved dissolution behavior of LT in simulated intestinal fluid, and the dissolved amounts of LT at 2 h were at least 50 times higher than that of crystalline LT. Orally administered SLN/LT (100 mg-LT/kg) exhibited enhanced oral absorption of LT, as evidenced by a relative bioavailability of 3.7 to crystalline LT in rats. SLN/LT may be a promising dosage form for orally available LT supplements, possibly leading to enhanced nutritional functions of LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Ueno
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsushita
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Monami Sugihara
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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41
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Sayin O, Altinkaynak H. Macular Pigment Optical Density in First Degree Relatives of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1057-1062. [PMID: 37494149 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2242012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the macular pigment optical density in first-degree relatives of patients with age-related macular degeneration and compare it with a healthy control group. METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight healthy subjects who were first-degree relatives of age-related macular degeneration patients were included in the study (Group 1). As the control group, 74 healthy subjects were included in the study (Group 2). The right eyes of all cases were included in the study. Macular pigment optical density was measured with a commercially available device (MPSII®, Elektron Technology, Switzerland) using technology based on heterochromatic flicker photometry. Central foveal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Values were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were 54 males and 74 females in Group 1 and 32 males and 42 females in Group 2. The mean ± SD ages of Group 1 and Group 2 were 49.0 ± 7.6 and 41.8 ± 8.6, respectively. Mean ± SD macular pigment optical density values of Group 1 and Group 2 were 0.43 ± 0.09 and 0.47 ± 0.12 (p = 0.048), mean ± SD central foveal thickness were 208 ± 19 and 216 ± 8 µm (p = 0.014), and mean ± SD subfoveal choroidal thickness were 232 ± 29 and 250 ± 21 µm (p = 0.002), respectively. CONCLUSION The macular pigment optical density values were significantly lower in the first-degree relatives of patients with age-related macular degeneration than in the control group. Macular pigment optical density may be a marker for the development of age-related macular degeneration in the future in the first-degree relatives of age-related macular degeneration patients. Further prospective studies with a larger number of participants will be needed to confirm our results moreover, to clarify its benefit as an early diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sayin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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42
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Girgis S, Lee LR. Treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:835-852. [PMID: 37737509 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a global disease with a significant societal impact. The advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy (anti-VEGF) has revolutionised the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) is being investigated for possible therapeutic options. The therapeutic categories undergoing clinical trials include complement pathway inhibitors, visual cycle modulators, reduction of toxic byproducts, antioxidative therapy, neuroprotective agents, laser therapy, surgical options, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and miscellaneous treatments. Two intravitreal anti-complement factors (pegcetacoplan and avacincaptad pegol) have recently shown phase 3 clinical trial evidence of a reduction in the growth of geographic atrophy. In this review, we provide an update on treatment options currently undergoing clinical research trials for the management of dAMD and preventing the progression of Geographic Atrophy (GA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence R Lee
- City Eye Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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43
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Stanford P. Age-related macular degeneration: care of the patient in the community setting. Br J Community Nurs 2023; 28:498-502. [PMID: 37793105 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2023.28.10.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to explain age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and how it impacts on the wellbeing of patients in the community setting. It explores the anatomy and physiology associated with AMD, its symptoms and treatment, and goes on to discuss related nursing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Stanford
- Senior Lecturer, Adult Nursing, University of Manchester; Chair, Royal College of Nursing Ophthalmic Nursing Forum
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44
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Sammons E, Bowman L, Stevens W, Buck G, Wallendszus K, Hammami I, Parish S, Armitage J. ASCEND-Eye: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics for a sub-study of the ASCEND randomised trial, exploring the effects of aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 35:101184. [PMID: 37745288 PMCID: PMC10517364 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have potential disease-modifying roles in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but randomized evidence of these effects is limited. We present the rationale and baseline characteristics of ASCEND-Eye, a sub-study of the double-blind, 2x2 factorial design, randomized placebo-controlled ASCEND (A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes) trial of 100 mg aspirin daily and, separately, 1g omega-3 FAs daily for the primary prevention of serious cardiovascular events, in 15,480 British adults, aged 40 years or older with diabetes. Methods Eye events will be derived from three sources: 1) participant follow-up questionnaires from ASCEND, 2) electronic NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP) data and 3) responses to the National Eye Institute's Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25) sent to a subset of participants after the main trial ended. Analytic cohorts and outcomes relevant to these data sources are described. The primary outcome is referable diabetic eye disease, a secondary outcome is incident AMD events. Results Participant-reported events were ascertained for the full cohort of randomized individuals who were followed up over 7.4 years in ASCEND (n = 15,480). Linked DESP data were available for 48% of those (n = 7360), and 57% completed the NEI-VFQ-25 (n = 8839). The baseline characteristics of these three cohorts are presented. Discussion Establishing the risks and benefits of drugs commonly taken by people with diabetes, the elderly, or both, and finding new treatments for DR and AMD is important. ASCEND-Eye provides the opportunity to evaluate the effect of aspirin and, separately, omega-3 FAs for both conditions. Study registration Eudract No. 2004-000991-15; Multicentre Research Ethics Committee Ref No. 03/8/087; ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT00135226; ISRCTN No. ISRCTN60635500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sammons
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Louise Bowman
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - William Stevens
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Georgina Buck
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Karl Wallendszus
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Imen Hammami
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sarah Parish
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Jane Armitage
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - ASCEND Collaborative Group
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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Merle B. [Nutrition and age-related macular degeneration]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:949-955. [PMID: 37758543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in France and in other industrialized countries. AMD affects around 20 % of the population over the age of 80 years. This complex and multifactorial disease involves both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Smoking and nutrition are well-known modifiable risk factors for AMD. Numerous studies provide convincing arguments in favor of micronutrients to encourage dietary advice and the prescription of nutritional supplements containing antioxidant vitamins, lutein and omega-3 fatty acids. Attention to modifiable risk factors is of utmost importance to reduce progression to advanced AMD and associated medical and societal burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Merle
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BPH, U1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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46
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Shafiq M, Rafique M, Cui Y, Pan L, Do CW, Ho EA. An insight on ophthalmic drug delivery systems: Focus on polymeric biomaterials-based carriers. J Control Release 2023; 362:446-467. [PMID: 37640109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Presently, different types of eye diseases, such as glaucoma, myopia, infection, and dry eyes are treated with topical eye drops. However, due to ocular surface barriers, eye drops require multiple administrations, which may cause several risks, thereby necessitating additional strategies. Some of the key characteristics of an ideal ocular drug delivery system are as follows: (a) good penetration into cornea, (b) high drug retention in the ocular tissues, (c) targetability to the desired regions of the eye, and (d) good bioavailability. It is worthy to note that the corneal epithelial tight junctions hinder the permeation of therapeutics through the cornea. Therefore, it is necessary to design nanocarriers that can overcome these barriers and enhance drug penetration into the inner parts of the eye. Moreover, intelligent multifunctional nanocarriers can be designed to include cavities, which may help encapsulate sufficient amount of the drug. In addition, nanocarriers can be modified with the targeting moieties. Different types of nanocarriers have been developed for ocular drug delivery applications, including emulsions, liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles. However, these formulations may be rapidly cleared from the eye. The therapeutic use of the nanoparticles (NPs) is also hindered by the non-specific adsorption of proteins on NPs, which may limit their interaction with the cellular moieties or other targeted biological factors. Functional drug delivery systems (DDS), which can offer targeted ocular drug delivery while avoiding the non-specific protein adsorption could exhibit great potential. This could be further realized by the on-demand DDS, which can respond to the stimuli in a spatio-temporal fashion. The cell-mediated DDS offer another valuable platform for ophthalmological drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Muhammad Rafique
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingkun Cui
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Pan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chi-Wai Do
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute of Smart Ageing (RISA), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Emmanuel A Ho
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong.
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Shome I, Thathapudi NC, Aramati BMR, Kowtharapu BS, Jangamreddy JR. Stages, pathogenesis, clinical management and advancements in therapies of age-related macular degeneration. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:3891-3909. [PMID: 37347455 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal degenerative disorder prevalent in the elderly population, which leads to the loss of central vision. The disease progression can be managed, if not prevented, either by blocking neovascularization ("wet" form of AMD) or by preserving retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells ("dry" form of AMD). Although current therapeutic modalities are moderately successful in delaying the progression and management of the disease, advances over the past years in regenerative medicine using iPSC, embryonic stem cells, advanced materials (including nanomaterials) and organ bio-printing show great prospects in restoring vision and efficient management of either forms of AMD. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of the disease, model systems (both cellular and animal) used in studying AMD, the list of various regenerative therapies and the current treatments available. The article also highlights on the recent clinical trials using regenerative therapies and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Shome
- UR Advanced Therapeutics Private Limited, ASPIRE-BioNest, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Neethi C Thathapudi
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bindu Madhav Reddy Aramati
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Bhavani S Kowtharapu
- UR Advanced Therapeutics Private Limited, ASPIRE-BioNest, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jaganmohan R Jangamreddy
- UR Advanced Therapeutics Private Limited, ASPIRE-BioNest, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Sasseville S, Karami S, Tchatchouang A, Charpentier P, Anney P, Gobert D, Proulx S. Biomaterials used for tissue engineering of barrier-forming cell monolayers in the eye. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1269385. [PMID: 37840667 PMCID: PMC10569698 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1269385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell monolayers that form a barrier between two structures play an important role for the maintenance of tissue functionality. In the anterior portion of the eye, the corneal endothelium forms a barrier that controls fluid exchange between the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber and the corneal stroma. This monolayer is central in the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). FECD is a common corneal disease, in which corneal endothelial cells deposit extracellular matrix that increases the thickness of its basal membrane (Descemet's membrane), and forms excrescences (guttae). With time, there is a decrease in endothelial cell density that generates vision loss. Transplantation of a monolayer of healthy corneal endothelial cells on a Descemet membrane substitute could become an interesting alternative for the treatment of this pathology. In the back of the eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the blood-retinal barrier, controlling fluid exchange between the choriocapillaris and the photoreceptors of the outer retina. In the retinal disease dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), deposits (drusen) form between the RPE and its basal membrane (Bruch's membrane). These deposits hinder fluid exchange, resulting in progressive RPE cell death, which in turn generates photoreceptor cell death, and vision loss. Transplantation of a RPE monolayer on a Bruch's membrane/choroidal stromal substitute to replace the RPE before photoreceptor cell death could become a treatment alternative for this eye disease. This review will present the different biomaterials that are proposed for the engineering of a monolayer of corneal endothelium for the treatment of FECD, and a RPE monolayer for the treatment of dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sasseville
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Samira Karami
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ange Tchatchouang
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Charpentier
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Princia Anney
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Delphine Gobert
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre universitaire d’ophtalmologie (CUO), Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Evans JR, Lawrenson JG. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 9:CD000254. [PMID: 37702300 PMCID: PMC10498493 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000254.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative condition of the back of the eye that occurs in people over the age of 50 years. Antioxidants may prevent cellular damage in the retina by reacting with free radicals that are produced in the process of light absorption. Higher dietary levels of antioxidant vitamins and minerals may reduce the risk of progression of AMD. This is the third update of the review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements on the progression of AMD in people with AMD. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, one other database, and three trials registers, most recently on 29 November 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared antioxidant vitamin or mineral supplementation to placebo or no intervention, in people with AMD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methods expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 26 studies conducted in the USA, Europe, China, and Australia. These studies enroled 11,952 people aged 65 to 75 years and included slightly more women (on average 56% women). We judged the studies that contributed data to the review to be at low or unclear risk of bias. Thirteen studies compared multivitamins with control in people with early and intermediate AMD. Most evidence came from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) in the USA. People taking antioxidant vitamins were less likely to progress to late AMD (odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58 to 0.90; 3 studies, 2445 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). In people with early AMD, who are at low risk of progression, this means there would be approximately four fewer cases of progression to late AMD for every 1000 people taking vitamins (one fewer to six fewer cases). In people with intermediate AMD at higher risk of progression, this corresponds to approximately 78 fewer cases of progression for every 1000 people taking vitamins (26 fewer to 126 fewer). AREDS also provided evidence of a lower risk of progression for both neovascular AMD (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.82; moderate-certainty evidence) and geographic atrophy (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.10; moderate-certainty evidence), and a lower risk of losing 3 or more lines of visual acuity (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.96; moderate-certainty evidence). Low-certainty evidence from one study of 110 people suggested higher quality of life scores (measured with the Visual Function Questionnaire) in treated compared with non-treated people after 24 months (mean difference (MD) 12.30, 95% CI 4.24 to 20.36). In exploratory subgroup analyses in the follow-on study to AREDS (AREDS2), replacing beta-carotene with lutein/zeaxanthin gave hazard ratios (HR) of 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.96), 0.78 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.94), 0.94 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.26), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.03) for progression to late AMD, neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, and vision loss, respectively. Six studies compared lutein (with or without zeaxanthin) with placebo and one study compared a multivitamin including lutein/zeaxanthin with multivitamin alone. The duration of supplementation and follow-up ranged from six months to five years. Most evidence came from the AREDS2 study in the USA; almost all participants in AREDS2 also took the original AREDS supplementation formula. People taking lutein/zeaxanthin may have similar or slightly reduced risk of progression to late AMD (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.01), neovascular AMD (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.02), and geographic atrophy (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.05) compared with control (1 study, 4176 participants, 6891 eyes; low-certainty evidence). A similar risk of progression to visual loss of 15 or more letters was seen in the lutein/zeaxanthin and control groups (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.05; 6656 eyes; low-certainty evidence). Quality of life (Visual Function Questionnaire) was similar between groups (MD 1.21, 95% CI -2.59 to 5.01; 2 studies, 308 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). One study in Australia randomised 1204 people to vitamin E or placebo with four years of follow-up; 19% of participants had AMD. The number of late AMD events was low (N = 7) and the estimate of effect was uncertain (RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.31 to 6.05; very low-certainty evidence). There was no evidence of any effect of treatment on visual loss (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.47; low-certainty evidence). There were no data on neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, or quality of life. Five studies compared zinc with placebo. Evidence largely drawn from the largest study (AREDS) found a lower progression to late AMD over six years (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.98; 3 studies, 3790 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), neovascular AMD (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.93; moderate-certainty evidence), geographic atrophy (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.10; moderate-certainty evidence), or visual loss (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.00; 2 studies, 3791 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There were no data on quality of life. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the main reported adverse effect. In AREDS, zinc was associated with a higher risk of genitourinary problems in men, but no difference was seen between high- and low-dose zinc groups in AREDS2. Most studies were too small to detect rare adverse effects. Data from larger studies (AREDS/AREDS2) suggested there may be little or no effect on mortality with multivitamin (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.25; low-certainty evidence) or lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.31; very low-certainty evidence), but confirmed the increased risk of lung cancer with beta-carotene, mostly in former smokers. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation (AREDS: vitamin C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc) probably slows down progression to late AMD. People with intermediate AMD have a higher chance of benefiting from antioxidant supplements because their risk of progression is higher than people with early AMD. Although low-certainty evidence suggested little effect with lutein/zeaxanthin alone compared with placebo, exploratory subgroup analyses from one large American study support the view that lutein/zeaxanthin may be a suitable replacement for the beta-carotene used in the original AREDS formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Evans
- Centre for Public Health, International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - John G Lawrenson
- Centre for Applied Vision Research, School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
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Wang E, Kalloniatis M, Ly A. Effective health communication for age-related macular degeneration: An exploratory qualitative study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:1278-1293. [PMID: 37252721 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss globally. Patients with AMD may not always understand or retain the information about AMD communicated by their eyecare practitioner. This study aims to explore the characteristics of effective health communication for AMD, from both patients' and eyecare practitioners' perspectives. The purpose is to provide a foundation for understanding how health communication for AMD could potentially be improved in the future. METHODS A total of 10 focus groups involving 17 patients with AMD and 17 optometrists were conducted via web conferencing. Each session was audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using the Grounded Theory Methodology. RESULTS The five themes identified are as follows: (1) materials' quality, (2) materials' relevance, (3) contextualising for the individual, (4) contextualising for the disease and (5) support network. Participants expressed concern about the unrealistic yet common depiction of vision loss in AMD as a black patch overlying common visual scenes. They also preferred education materials tailored to a specific disease stage and the regular opportunity to ask or answer questions. Longer appointment durations and peer support (from family, friends or others with AMD) were also valued. CONCLUSION Optometrists are encouraged to focus on three over-arching dimensions when counselling patients with AMD in routine clinical practice: (1) curating and using disease and stage-specific, impactful education materials, (2) their chairside verbal communication techniques and (3) AMD-specific opportunities for care coordination among patient family and friends, peers and other multidisciplinary members of the care support team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Wang
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angelica Ly
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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