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Constant-Varlet C, Nakai T, Prado J. Intergenerational transmission of brain structure and function in humans: a narrative review of designs, methods, and findings. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1327-1348. [PMID: 38710874 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Children often show cognitive and affective traits that are similar to their parents. Although this indicates a transmission of phenotypes from parents to children, little is known about the neural underpinnings of that transmission. Here, we provide a general overview of neuroimaging studies that explore the similarity between parents and children in terms of brain structure and function. We notably discuss the aims, designs, and methods of these so-called intergenerational neuroimaging studies, focusing on two main designs: the parent-child design and the multigenerational design. For each design, we also summarize the major findings, identify the sources of variability between studies, and highlight some limitations and future directions. We argue that the lack of consensus in defining the parent-child transmission of brain structure and function leads to measurement heterogeneity, which is a challenge for future studies. Additionally, multigenerational studies often use measures of family resemblance to estimate the proportion of variance attributed to genetic versus environmental factors, though this estimate is likely inflated given the frequent lack of control for shared environment. Nonetheless, intergenerational neuroimaging studies may still have both clinical and theoretical relevance, not because they currently inform about the etiology of neuromarkers, but rather because they may help identify neuromarkers and test hypotheses about neuromarkers coming from more standard neuroimaging designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Constant-Varlet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Bron, France.
| | - Tomoya Nakai
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
- Araya Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jérôme Prado
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Bron, France.
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2
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Cattarinussi G, Pouya P, Grimaldi DA, Dini MZ, Sambataro F, Brambilla P, Delvecchio G. Cortical alterations in relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: A review of magnetic resonance imaging studies. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:234-243. [PMID: 37865341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by high heritability rates. Widespread brain cortical alterations have been reported in BD patients, mostly involving the frontal, temporal and parietal regions. Importantly, also unaffected relatives of BD patients (BD-RELs) present abnormalities in cortical measures, which are not influenced by disease-related factors, such as medication use and illness duration. Here, we collected all available evidence on cortical measures in BD-RELs to further our knowledge on the potential cortical alterations associated with the vulnerability and the resilience to BD. METHODS A search on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was performed to identify neuroimaging studies exploring cortical alterations in BD-RELs, including cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), gyrification (GI) and cortical complexity. Eleven studies were included. Of these, five assessed CT, five examined CT and SA and one explored CT, SA and GI. RESULTS Overall, a heterogeneous pattern of cortical alterations emerged. The areas more consistently linked with genetic liability for BD were the prefrontal and sensorimotor regions. Mixed evidence was reported in the temporal and cingulate areas. LIMITATIONS The small sample size and the heterogeneity in terms of methodologies and the characteristics of the participants limit the generalizability of our results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the genetic liability for BD is related to reduced CT in the prefrontal cortex, which might be a marker of risk for BD, and increased CT within the sensorimotor cortex, which could represent a marker of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Parnia Pouya
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Iranian EBM Center: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahta Zare Dini
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Iranian EBM Center: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Niu L, Fang K, Han S, Xu C, Sun X. Resolving heterogeneity in schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder through individualized structural covariance network analysis. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad391. [PMID: 38142281 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in large-scale brain connectivity are hypothesized to contribute to psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, high inter-individual variation among patients with psychiatric disorders hinders achievement of unified findings. To this end, we adopted a newly proposed method to resolve heterogeneity of differential structural covariance network in schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This method could infer individualized structural covariance aberrance by assessing the deviation from healthy controls. T1-weighted anatomical images of 114 patients with psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia: n = 37; bipolar I disorder: n = 37; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: n = 37) and 110 healthy controls were analyzed to obtain individualized differential structural covariance network. Patients exhibited tremendous heterogeneity in profiles of individualized differential structural covariance network. Despite notable heterogeneity, patients with the same disorder shared altered edges at network level. Moreover, individualized differential structural covariance network uncovered two distinct psychiatric subtypes with opposite differences in structural covariance edges, that were otherwise obscured when patients were merged, compared with healthy controls. These results provide new insights into heterogeneity and have implications for the nosology in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Niu
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center. The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Keke Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Chunmiao Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xianfu Sun
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center. The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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4
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Nurmi EL, Laughlin CP, de Wit H, Palmer AA, MacKillop J, Cannon TD, Bilder RM, Congdon E, Sabb FW, Seaman LC, McElroy JJ, Libowitz MR, Weafer J, Gray J, Dean AC, Hellemann GS, London ED. Polygenic contributions to performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3524-3530. [PMID: 37582857 PMCID: PMC10618088 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Risky decision-making is a common, heritable endophenotype seen across many psychiatric disorders. Its underlying genetic architecture is incompletely explored. We examined behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which tests risky decision-making, in two independent samples of European ancestry. One sample (n = 1138) comprised healthy participants and some psychiatric patients (53 schizophrenia, 42 bipolar disorder, 47 ADHD); the other (n = 911) excluded for recent treatment of various psychiatric disorders but not ADHD. Participants provided DNA and performed the BART, indexed by mean adjusted pumps. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for discovery in each dataset and tested it in the other as replication. Subsequently, a genome-wide MEGA-analysis, combining both samples, tested genetic correlation with risk-taking self-report in the UK Biobank sample and psychiatric phenotypes characterized by risk-taking (ADHD, Bipolar Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, prior cannabis use) in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. The PRS for BART performance in one dataset predicted task performance in the replication sample (r = 0.13, p = 0.000012, pFDR = 0.000052), as did the reciprocal analysis (r = 0.09, p = 0.0083, pFDR=0.04). Excluding participants with psychiatric diagnoses produced similar results. The MEGA-GWAS identified a single SNP (rs12023073; p = 3.24 × 10-8) near IGSF21, a protein involved in inhibitory brain synapses; replication samples are needed to validate this result. A PRS for self-reported cannabis use (p = 0.00047, pFDR = 0.0053), but not self-reported risk-taking or psychiatric disorder status, predicted behavior on the BART in our MEGA-GWAS sample. The findings reveal polygenic architecture of risky decision-making as measured by the BART and highlight its overlap with cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Nurmi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - C P Laughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - H de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - A A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - J MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - T D Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - R M Bilder
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - E Congdon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - F W Sabb
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - L C Seaman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - J J McElroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - M R Libowitz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - J Weafer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - J Gray
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - A C Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - G S Hellemann
- Department of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - E D London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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5
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Genetic substrates of bipolar disorder risk in Latino families. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:154-167. [PMID: 35948660 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of bipolar disorder (BP) have been conducted in the Latin American population, to date, in several countries, including Mexico, the United States, Costa Rica, Colombia, and, to a lesser extent, Brazil. These studies focused primarily on linkage-based designs utilizing families with multiplex cases of BP. Significant BP loci were identified on Chromosomes 18, 5 and 8, and fine mapping suggested several genes of interest underlying these linkage peaks. More recently, studies in these same pedigrees yielded significant linkage loci for BP endophenotypes, including measures of activity, sleep cycles, and personality traits. Building from findings in other populations, candidate gene association analyses in Latinos from Mexican and Central American ancestry confirmed the role of several genes (including CACNA1C and ANK3) in conferring BP risk. Although GWAS, methylation, and deep sequencing studies have only begun in these populations, there is evidence that CNVs and rare SNPs both play a role in BP risk of these populations. Large segments of the Latino populations in the Americas remain largely unstudied regarding BP genetics, but evidence to date has shown that this type of research can be successfully conducted in these populations and that the genetic underpinnings of BP in these cohorts share at least some characteristics with risk genes identified in European and other populations.
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6
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Greenwood TA, Chow LJ, Gur RC, Kelsoe JR. Bipolar spectrum traits and the space between Madness and Genius: The Muse is in the Dose. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:149-158. [PMID: 35816974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Creativity has long been associated with the bipolar spectrum, particularly among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with milder expressions of bipolar traits, suggesting that some aspects of the bipolar spectrum may confer advantages for creativity. Here we took a multifaceted approach to better define the shared vulnerability between creativity and bipolar disorder. We recruited 135 individuals with bipolar disorder, 102 creative controls, and 103 non-creative controls for a total of 340 participants. All participants completed a comprehensive assessment battery that included several self-report temperament and personality questionnaires, a computerized test of cognitive function across multiple domains, and an evaluation of creative performance and achievement. Significant group differences were observed for the hypothesized shared vulnerability traits of hypomanic personality, cyclothymic temperament, impulsivity, and positive schizotypy. While both the creative and bipolar groups demonstrated superior creative ability, the creative group alone revealed enhanced cognitive performance. Accounting for intercorrelations between traits, a combination of openness, hypomanic personality, divergent thinking, and reasoning ability emerged as the strongest predictors of creativity, collectively explaining 34% of the variance in creative achievement and correctly classifying 85% of individuals with high achievement irrespective of diagnosis. These results confirm and extend earlier observations of a shared vulnerability between creativity and bipolar disorder and suggest that mild to moderate expressions of bipolar spectrum traits are associated with enhanced cognitive functioning and creative expression. Further investigation of these traits is needed to clarify the nature of this shared vulnerability and suggest individualized treatment strategies to improve clinical outcomes in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Lauren J Chow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Ruiz GC, Ospina JPZ, Vargas C, Acevedo DCA, López-Jaramillo C. Structural neuroimaging and predominant polarity in patients with type 1 bipolar disorder from Antioquia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 51:123-132. [PMID: 35753978 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Predominant polarity (PP) has been proposed as a specifier of bipolar disorder (BD) due to its relationship with clinical and prognostic variables. It is possible that this is due to a different underlying neurobiology, in such a way that the changes found by structural nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) in BD are different and specific. OBJECTIVES To explore findings of structural neuroimaging in patients with BD type I (BD-I) according to PP. METHODS Cross-sectional study that evaluated 77 patients with BD-I using the DIGS interview. PP was established using the operative definition of two-thirds of all affective episodes throughout life to classify PP as manic (MPP), depressive (DPP) or indeterminate (IPP). MRI was performed during the euthymia phase to measure intracranial structures. The data obtained was analysed using a linear regression model adjusted for confounding variables (drug use, alcohol use, psychoactive substance use) and were compared between the three groups finding the standardised mean difference (SMD). RESULTS Differences with adequate effect size were found in three brain structures after adjusting for confounding variables, specifically in the right fusiform gyrus and the left lingual gyrus, which were greater in the DPP group than in the MPP group (SMD = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.34-1.49 and SMD = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.21-1.35). Likewise, in the right thalamus, it was shown to be greater in the IPP group compared to MPP group (SMD 0.89, 95% CI = 0.31-1.46). CONCLUSIONS A reduction in the thickness of the right fusiform gyrus and the left lingual gyrus, as well as the right thalamic volume was observed in patients with BD-I with PPM, which supports the hypothesis that PP has a plausible neurobiological correlate and could have potential utility as a BD specifier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pablo Zapata Ospina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría GIPSI, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Abstract
The rapid progress in psychiatric genetics over the past 10 years, while exciting from a research perspective, has not yet had an impact on clinical practice. How will we really be able to put genetics to work in the psychiatric clinic? This overview will attempt to answer this question. A survey of widely used methods and major study designs highlights key findings that have emerged so far. These findings inform a broad conceptual model of how genetic risk may act to influence dimensions of psychopathology and clinical presentations. The overview concludes with highlights of some of the most clinically relevant findings to date and their implications for psychiatric practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Md
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9
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Fears SC, Service SK, Kremeyer B, Araya C, Araya X, Bejarano J, Ramirez M, Castrillón G, Gomez-Franco J, Lopez MC, Montoya G, Montoya P, Aldana I, Teshiba TM, Al-Sharif NB, Jalbrzikowski M, Tishler TA, Escobar J, Ruiz-Linares A, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Macaya G, Molina J, Reus VI, Cantor RM, Sabatti C, Freimer NB, Bearden CE. Genome-wide mapping of brain phenotypes in extended pedigrees with strong genetic loading for bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5229-5238. [PMID: 32606377 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable illness, associated with alterations of brain structure. As such, identification of genes influencing inter-individual differences in brain morphology may help elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BP). To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to phenotypic variance of brain structure, structural neuroimages were acquired from family members (n = 527) of extended pedigrees heavily loaded for bipolar disorder ascertained from genetically isolated populations in Latin America. Genome-wide linkage and association analysis were conducted on the subset of heritable brain traits that showed significant evidence of association with bipolar disorder (n = 24) to map QTL influencing regional measures of brain volume and cortical thickness. Two chromosomal regions showed significant evidence of linkage; a QTL on chromosome 1p influencing corpus callosum volume and a region on chromosome 7p linked to cortical volume. Association analysis within the two QTLs identified three SNPs correlated with the brain measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Section of Mental Health, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Susan K Service
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Kremeyer
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carmen Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Xinia Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Bejarano
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Margarita Ramirez
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Maria C Lopez
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Patricia Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ileana Aldana
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terri M Teshiba
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noor B Al-Sharif
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd A Tishler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Javier Escobar
- Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.,UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de médecine Timone, Marseille, 13005, France.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Molina
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,BioCiencias Lab, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Is processing speed a valid neurocognitive endophenotype in bipolar disorder? Evidence from a longitudinal, family study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:241-247. [PMID: 34256275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence supports the existence of neurocognitive endophenotypes in bipolar disorder (BD), but very few longitudinal studies have included unaffected relatives. In a 5-year, follow-up, family study, we have recently suggested that deficits in manual motor speed and visual memory could be endophenotype candidates for BD. We aimed to explore whether this also applies to processing speed. METHODS A sample of 348 individuals, including 163 BD patients, 65 unaffected first-degree relatives (BD-Rel) and 120 genetically unrelated healthy controls (HC), was assessed with the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) on two occasions over a 2-year period (T1, T2). DSST values were controlled for age, years of education, occupational status, and subsyndromic mood symptoms. Differences between groups were evaluated with ANCOVAs. RESULTS At T1 BD performed significantly worse than HC (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.38) and BD-Rel (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.82). BD-Rel showed an intermediate performance with significant differences with HC (p < 0.01; Cohen's d = 0.50). Similarly, at T2 BD performed significantly worse than HC (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.44) and BD-Rel (p < 0.01; Cohen's d = 0.51). BD-Rel performance was intermediate and significantly lower than that of HC (p < 0.01; Cohen's d = 0.97). A Repeated Measures ANOVA revealed no significant between-group differences in performance over time (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this longitudinal, family study suggest that impaired processing speed may represent a suitable cognitive endophenotype for BD. Further research on the field is required to confirm these preliminary findings.
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11
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Demin KA, Smagin DA, Kovalenko IL, Strekalova T, Galstyan DS, Kolesnikova TO, De Abreu MS, Galyamina AG, Bashirzade A, Kalueff AV. CNS genomic profiling in the mouse chronic social stress model implicates a novel category of candidate genes integrating affective pathogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110086. [PMID: 32889031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite high prevalence, medical impact and societal burden, anxiety, depression and other affective disorders remain poorly understood and treated. Clinical complexity and polygenic nature complicate their analyses, often revealing genetic overlap and cross-disorder heritability. However, the interplay or overlaps between disordered phenotypes can also be based on shared molecular pathways and 'crosstalk' mechanisms, which themselves may be genetically determined. We have earlier predicted (Kalueff et al., 2014) a new class of 'interlinking' brain genes that do not affect the disordered phenotypes per se, but can instead specifically determine their interrelatedness. To test this hypothesis experimentally, here we applied a well-established rodent chronic social defeat stress model, known to progress in C57BL/6J mice from the Anxiety-like stage on Day 10 to Depression-like stage on Day 20. The present study analyzed mouse whole-genome expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus during the Day 10, the Transitional (Day 15) and Day 20 stages in this model. Our main question here was whether a putative the Transitional stage (Day 15) would reveal distinct characteristic genomic responses from Days 10 and 20 of the model, thus reflecting unique molecular events underlining the transformation or switch from anxiety to depression pathogenesis. Overall, while in the Day 10 (Anxiety) group both brain regions showed major genomic alterations in various neurotransmitter signaling pathways, the Day 15 (Transitional) group revealed uniquely downregulated astrocyte-related genes, and the Day 20 (Depression) group demonstrated multiple downregulated genes of cell adhesion, inflammation and ion transport pathways. Together, these results reveal a complex temporal dynamics of mouse affective phenotypes as they develop. Our genomic profiling findings provide first experimental support to the idea that novel brain genes (activated here only during the Transitional stage) may uniquely integrate anxiety and depression pathogenesis and, hence, determine the progression from one pathological state to another. This concept can potentially be extended to other brain conditions as well. This preclinical study also further implicates cilial and astrocytal mechanisms in the pathogenesis of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Smagin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Tatyana Strekalova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - David S Galstyan
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana O Kolesnikova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Alim Bashirzade
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Vreeker A, Fears SC, Service SK, Pagani L, Takahashi JS, Araya C, Araya X, Bejarano J, Lopez MC, Montoya G, Montoya CP, Teshiba TM, Escobar J, Cantor RM, López-Jaramillo C, Macaya G, Molina J, Reus VI, Sabatti C, Ophoff RA, Freimer NB, Bearden CE. Genetic analysis of activity, brain and behavioral associations in extended families with heavy genetic loading for bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2021; 51:494-502. [PMID: 31813409 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed sleep and activity are prominent features of bipolar disorder type I (BP-I). However, the relationship of sleep and activity characteristics to brain structure and behavior in euthymic BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives is unknown. Additionally, underlying genetic relationships between these traits have not been investigated. METHODS Relationships between sleep and activity phenotypes, assessed using actigraphy, with structural neuroimaging (brain) and cognitive and temperament (behavior) phenotypes were investigated in 558 euthymic individuals from multi-generational pedigrees including at least one member with BP-I. Genetic correlations between actigraphy-brain and actigraphy-behavior associations were assessed, and bivariate linkage analysis was conducted for trait pairs with evidence of shared genetic influences. RESULTS More physical activity and longer awake time were significantly associated with increased brain volumes and cortical thickness, better performance on neurocognitive measures of long-term memory and executive function, and less extreme scores on measures of temperament (impulsivity, cyclothymia). These associations did not differ between BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives. For nine activity-brain or activity-behavior pairs there was evidence for shared genetic influence (genetic correlations); of these pairs, a suggestive bivariate quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7 for wake duration and verbal working memory was identified. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that increased physical activity and more adequate sleep are associated with increased brain size, better cognitive function and more stable temperament in BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives. Additionally, we found evidence for pleiotropy of several actigraphy-behavior and actigraphy-brain phenotypes, suggesting a shared genetic basis for these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Vreeker
- Department of Genetics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan K Service
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucia Pagani
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Dobeco Spa a Socia Unico, Milano, Italy
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Xinia Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Bejarano
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Maria C Lopez
- Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Montoya
- Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Claudia Patricia Montoya
- Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Terri M Teshiba
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Javier Escobar
- Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Mood Disorders Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Biostatistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Yousef HA, ElSerogy YMBE, Abdelal SM, Abdel-Rahman SR. Voxel-based morphometry in patients with mood disorder bipolar I mania in comparison to normal controls. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-019-0119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Neuroimaging is used to study brain structural alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases including bipolar disorder (BD). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) quantifies structural changes detected in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to identify brain structural changes in patients with mood disorder bipolar I mania, compared to healthy controls; and detect any correlations between volumetric findings and different clinical aspects of the disease. VBM was used to identify structural changes in 24 patients with bipolar I mania compared to 16 controls. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) was used to evaluate clinical severity of BD. t test was used to compare differences in volumetric data and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to detect potential correlations between volumetric data and clinical parameters of BD.
Results
Compared to controls, BD patients had significantly larger right globus pallidus and right lateral ventricle. There was significant correlation between volumetric data of different brain structures and clinical criteria of BD including age of onset, illness duration, YMRS, number of manic attacks, and duration of the last attack.
Conclusions
VBM could address specific structural findings in bipolar I mania that may contribute to pathophysiology of the disease and show significant correlation with different clinical aspects of the disease.
Trial registration
This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT03181698, registered 11 June 2017.
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14
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Fonseca L, Sena BF, Crossley N, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Koenen K, Freimer NB, Bressan RA, Belangero SI, Santoro ML, Gadelha A. Diversity matters: opportunities in the study of the genetics of psychotic disorders in low- and middle-income countries in Latin America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 43:631-637. [PMID: 33237255 PMCID: PMC8639010 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lack of diversity regarding genetic and environmental backgrounds weakens the generalization and clinical applicability of research findings on psychotic disorders. Notably, Latin Americans have been generally neglected in genetic studies, comprising less than 2% of genome-wide association study samples. But Latin American populations represent a unique opportunity for research, given the exceptionally high ethnic admixture of this group. Increasing genetic diversity is essential to improve the fine mapping of known regions associated with psychotic disorders, discover novel genetic associations, and replicate studies. Additionally, Latin America is characterized by massive social, political, and economic inequalities, all known risk factors for mental health issues, including psychotic disorders. This article aims to 1) discuss the challenges and advantages of studying Latin America’s particular genetic makeup and environmental context; 2) review previous studies conducted in the region; and 3) describe three Latin American research initiatives in progress: the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of Psychosis in Mexican Populations (NeuroMEX), the Paisa, and the Latin American Network for the Study of Early Psychosis (ANDES) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Fonseca
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Esquizofrenia (PROESQ), Departamento de Psiquiatria, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Brena F Sena
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Mood Disorders Program, Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Karestan Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Esquizofrenia (PROESQ), Departamento de Psiquiatria, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Santoro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Esquizofrenia (PROESQ), Departamento de Psiquiatria, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Njau S, Townsend J, Wade B, Hellemann G, Bookheimer S, Narr K, Brooks JO. Neural Subtypes of Euthymic Bipolar I Disorder Characterized by Emotion Regulation Circuitry. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:591-600. [PMID: 32513391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current diagnostic strategy for bipolar disorders relies on symptomological classification. Yet, responses to both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments vary widely, suggesting that underlying neuropathological differences are not well defined by current nosology. Classifying patients with bipolar disorder based on emotion regulation network (ERN) activation may account for some of the heterogeneity within the disorder. METHODS Euthymic participants diagnosed with bipolar I disorder (n = 86) and healthy subjects (n = 80) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans while engaged in emotional reappraisal of negative stimuli. After determining average regional activations in key network regions, we applied agglomerative hierarchical clustering to identify subtypes of bipolar disorder. Next, we examined relations among neural subtypes, demographic variables, and mood symptoms. RESULTS Analyses revealed two primary neural subtypes of euthymic bipolar I disorder participants. The first subtype, ERN cluster 1, was characterized by increased amygdala activation and slightly increased ventrolateral prefrontal and subgenual cingulate activation, whereas ERN cluster 2 was defined by decreased amygdala activation with wider-spread prefrontal activation. Cluster 1 was associated with a higher number of hospitalizations for depression (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.64) and later onset of manic episodes (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-21.13) than cluster 2. ERN clusters of healthy subjects differed from bipolar disorder clusters and were defined by differential activation of the prefrontal cortex. ERN clusters of healthy subjects, which differed from bipolar disorder clusters, were defined by differential activation of the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Emotion regulation circuitry can distinguish neurobiological subtypes of bipolar disorder in the euthymic state. These subtypes, which are differentially associated with indices of illness severity and subsyndromal affective symptoms, may help to inform relapse risk and more personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Njau
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Townsend
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine Narr
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John O Brooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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16
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings between mania and depression. Despite fitness costs associated with increased mortality and significant impairment, bipolar disorder has persisted in the population with a high heritability and a stable prevalence. Creativity and other positive traits have repeatedly been associated with the bipolar spectrum, particularly among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with milder expressions of bipolar traits. This suggests a model in which large doses of risk variants cause illness, but mild to moderate doses confer advantages, which serve to maintain bipolar disorder in the population. Bipolar disorder may thus be better conceptualized as a dimensional trait existing at the extreme of normal population variation in positive temperament, personality, and cognitive traits, aspects of which may reflect a shared vulnerability with creativity. Investigations of this shared vulnerability may provide insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying illness and suggest novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
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17
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Gordovez FJA, McMahon FJ. The genetics of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:544-559. [PMID: 31907381 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most heritable mental illnesses, but the elucidation of its genetic basis has proven to be a very challenging endeavor. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of BD, providing the first reproducible evidence of specific genetic markers and a highly polygenic architecture that overlaps with that of schizophrenia, major depression, and other disorders. Individual GWAS markers appear to confer little risk, but common variants together account for about 25% of the heritability of BD. A few higher-risk associations have also been identified, such as a rare copy number variant on chromosome 16p11.2. Large scale next-generation sequencing studies are actively searching for other alleles that confer substantial risk. As our understanding of the genetics of BD improves, there is growing optimism that some clear biological pathways will emerge, providing a basis for future studies aimed at molecular diagnosis and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis James A Gordovez
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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18
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Sul JH, Service SK, Huang AY, Ramensky V, Hwang SG, Teshiba TM, Park Y, Ori APS, Zhang Z, Mullins N, Olde Loohuis LM, Fears SC, Araya C, Araya X, Spesny M, Bejarano J, Ramirez M, Castrillón G, Gomez-Makhinson J, Lopez MC, Montoya G, Montoya CP, Aldana I, Escobar JI, Ospina-Duque J, Kremeyer B, Bedoya G, Ruiz-Linares A, Cantor RM, Molina J, Coppola G, Ophoff RA, Macaya G, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Reus V, Bearden CE, Sabatti C, Freimer NB. Contribution of common and rare variants to bipolar disorder susceptibility in extended pedigrees from population isolates. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:74. [PMID: 32094344 PMCID: PMC7039961 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence from case/control studies indicates that genetic risk for psychiatric disorders derives primarily from numerous common variants, each with a small phenotypic impact. The literature describing apparent segregation of bipolar disorder (BP) in numerous multigenerational pedigrees suggests that, in such families, large-effect inherited variants might play a greater role. To identify roles of rare and common variants on BP, we conducted genetic analyses in 26 Colombia and Costa Rica pedigrees ascertained for bipolar disorder 1 (BP1), the most severe and heritable form of BP. In these pedigrees, we performed microarray SNP genotyping of 838 individuals and high-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 449 individuals. We compared polygenic risk scores (PRS), estimated using the latest BP1 genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, between BP1 individuals and related controls. We also evaluated whether BP1 individuals had a higher burden of rare deleterious single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and rare copy number variants (CNVs) in a set of genes related to BP1. We found that compared with unaffected relatives, BP1 individuals had higher PRS estimated from BP1 GWAS statistics (P = 0.001 ~ 0.007) and displayed modest increase in burdens of rare deleterious SNVs (P = 0.047) and rare CNVs (P = 0.002 ~ 0.033) in genes related to BP1. We did not observe rare variants segregating in the pedigrees. These results suggest that small-to-moderate effect rare and common variants are more likely to contribute to BP1 risk in these extended pedigrees than a few large-effect rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Sul
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Susan K Service
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alden Y Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vasily Ramensky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Federal State Institution "National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Petroverigskiy lane 10, Moscow, 101990, Russia
| | - Sun-Goo Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Terri M Teshiba
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - YoungJun Park
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anil P S Ori
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Niamh Mullins
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Carmen Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Xinia Araya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Mitzi Spesny
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Nacional de Nin ̃os, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Julio Bejarano
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Margarita Ramirez
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriel Castrillón
- Instituto de Alta Tecnologia Medica, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliana Gomez-Makhinson
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011, Colombia
| | - Maria C Lopez
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011, Colombia
| | - Claudia P Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011, Colombia
| | - Ileana Aldana
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Javier I Escobar
- Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Jorge Ospina-Duque
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011, Colombia
| | - Barbara Kremeyer
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Andres Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry; GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050011, Colombia
- Mood Disorders Program, Hospital San Vicente Fundacion, Medellín, 050011, Colombia
| | - Victor Reus
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Biostatistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Harrison PJ, Geddes JR, Tunbridge EM. The Emerging Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:284-293. [PMID: 32015720 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.17309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
(Reprinted with permission from Trends in Neurosciences, January 2018, Vol. 41, No. 1 ).
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20
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Arevian AC, Bone D, Malandrakis N, Martinez VR, Wells KB, Miklowitz DJ, Narayanan S. Clinical state tracking in serious mental illness through computational analysis of speech. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225695. [PMID: 31940347 PMCID: PMC6961853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with serious mental illness experience changes in their clinical states over time that are difficult to assess and that result in increased disease burden and care utilization. It is not known if features derived from speech can serve as a transdiagnostic marker of these clinical states. This study evaluates the feasibility of collecting speech samples from people with serious mental illness and explores the potential utility for tracking changes in clinical state over time. Patients (n = 47) were recruited from a community-based mental health clinic with diagnoses of bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Patients used an interactive voice response system for at least 4 months to provide speech samples. Clinic providers (n = 13) reviewed responses and provided global assessment ratings. We computed features of speech and used machine learning to create models of outcome measures trained using either population data or an individual's own data over time. The system was feasible to use, recording 1101 phone calls and 117 hours of speech. Most (92%) of the patients agreed that it was easy to use. The individually-trained models demonstrated the highest correlation with provider ratings (rho = 0.78, p<0.001). Population-level models demonstrated statistically significant correlations with provider global assessment ratings (rho = 0.44, p<0.001), future provider ratings (rho = 0.33, p<0.05), BASIS-24 summary score, depression sub score, and self-harm sub score (rho = 0.25,0.25, and 0.28 respectively; p<0.05), and the SF-12 mental health sub score (rho = 0.25, p<0.05), but not with other BASIS-24 or SF-12 sub scores. This study brings together longitudinal collection of objective behavioral markers along with a transdiagnostic, personalized approach for tracking of mental health clinical state in a community-based clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen C. Arevian
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Bone
- Signal Analysis and Interpretation Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos Malandrakis
- Signal Analysis and Interpretation Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Victor R. Martinez
- Signal Analysis and Interpretation Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth B. Wells
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America
| | - David J. Miklowitz
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Shrikanth Narayanan
- Signal Analysis and Interpretation Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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21
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Bruce HA, Kochunov P, Mitchell B, Strauss KA, Ament SA, Rowland LM, Du X, Fisseha F, Kavita T, Chiappelli J, Wisner K, Sampath H, Chen S, Kvarta MD, Seneviratne C, Postolache TT, Bellon A, McMahon FJ, Shuldiner A, Elliot Hong L. Clinical and genetic validity of quantitative bipolarity. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:228. [PMID: 31527585 PMCID: PMC6746871 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has yet to provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of bipolar disorder (BP). In genetic studies, defining the phenotype by diagnosis may miss risk-allele carriers without BP. The authors aimed to test whether quantitatively detected subclinical symptoms of bipolarity identifies a heritable trait that infers risk for BP. The Quantitative Bipolarity Scale (QBS) was administered to 310 Old Order Amish or Mennonite individuals from multigenerational pedigrees; 110 individuals had psychiatric diagnoses (20 BP, 61 major depressive disorders (MDD), 3 psychotic disorders, 26 other psychiatric disorders). Familial aggregation of QBS was calculated using the variance components method to derive heritability and shared household effects. The QBS score was significantly higher in BP subjects (31.5 ± 3.6) compared to MDD (16.7 ± 2.0), other psychiatric diagnoses (7.0 ± 1.9), and no psychiatric diagnosis (6.0 ± 0.65) (all p < 0.001). QBS in the whole sample was significantly heritable (h2 = 0.46 ± 0.15, p < 0.001) while the variance attributed to the shared household effect was not significant (p = 0.073). When subjects with psychiatric illness were removed, the QBS heritability was similar (h2 = 0.59 ± 0.18, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that quantitative bipolarity as measured by QBS can separate BP from other psychiatric illnesses yet is significantly heritable with and without BP included in the pedigrees suggesting that the quantitative bipolarity describes a continuous heritable trait that is not driven by a discrete psychiatric diagnosis. Bipolarity trait assessment may be used to supplement the diagnosis of BP in future genetic studies and could be especially useful for capturing subclinical genetic contributions to a BP phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Bruce
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Braxton Mitchell
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Kevin A. Strauss
- grid.418640.fClinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579 USA
| | - Seth A. Ament
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Xiaoming Du
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Feven Fisseha
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Thangavelu Kavita
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Krista Wisner
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Hemalatha Sampath
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Mark D. Kvarta
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Chamindi Seneviratne
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Teodor T. Postolache
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Alfredo Bellon
- 0000 0001 2097 4281grid.29857.31Hershey Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University School of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Francis J. McMahon
- 0000 0004 0464 0574grid.416868.5Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Alan Shuldiner
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
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22
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Cuellar-Barboza AB, Winham SJ, Biernacka JM, Frye MA, McElroy SL. Clinical phenotype and genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder with binge eating: an update. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:867-879. [PMID: 31269819 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1638764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical and genetic study of psychiatric conditions has underscored the co-occurrence of complex phenotypes and the need to refine them. Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Binge Eating (BE) behavior are common psychiatric conditions that have high heritability and high co-occurrence, such that at least one quarter of BD patients have BE (BD + BE). Genetic studies of BD alone and of BE alone suggest complex polygenic risk models, with many genetic risk loci yet to be identified. Areas covered: We review studies of the epidemiology of BD+BE, its clinical features (cognitive traits, psychiatric comorbidity, and role of obesity), genomic studies (of BD, eating disorders (ED) defined by BE, and BD + BE), and therapeutic implications of BD + BE. Expert opinion: Subphenotyping of complex psychiatric disorders reduces heterogeneity and increases statistical power and effect size; thus, it enhances our capacity to find missing genetic (and other) risk factors. BD + BE has a severe clinical picture and genetic studies suggests a distinct genetic architecture. Differential therapeutic interventions may be needed for patients with BD + BE compared with BD patients without BE. Recognizing the BD + BE subphenotype is an example of moving towards more precise clinical and genetic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo B Cuellar-Barboza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine , Monterrey , NL , Mexico.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE , Mason , OH , USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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23
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Arrieta-Bolaños E, Madrigal-Sánchez JJ, Stein JE, Órlich-Pérez P, Moreira-Espinoza MJ, Paredes-Carias E, Vanegas-Padilla Y, Salazar-Sánchez L, Madrigal JA, Marsh SGE, Shaw BE. High-resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in majority and minority populations of Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Differential admixture proportions in neighboring countries. HLA 2019; 91:514-529. [PMID: 29687625 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human populations. Due to a complex history of migration, populations in Latin America show a broad variety of admixture proportions, usually varying not only between countries, but also within countries. Knowledge of HLA allele and haplotype frequencies is essential for medical fields such as transplantation, but also serves as a means to assess genetic diversity and ancestry in human populations. Here, we have determined high-resolution HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in a sample of 713 healthy subjects from three Mestizo populations, one population of African descent, and Amerindians of five different groups from Costa Rica and Nicaragua and compared their profiles to a large set of indigenous populations from Iberia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas. Our results show a great degree of allelic and haplotypic diversity within and across these populations, with most extended haplotypes being private. Mestizo populations show alleles and haplotypes of putative European, Amerindian, and Sub-Saharan African origin, albeit with differential proportions. Despite some degree of gene flow, Amerindians and Afro-descendants show great similarity to other Amerindian and West African populations, respectively. This is the first comprehensive study reporting high-resolution HLA diversity in Central America, and its results will shed light into the genetic history of this region while also supporting the development of medical programs for organ and stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arrieta-Bolaños
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital, Essen, Germany.,Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - J E Stein
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Órlich-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,División de Banco de Células Madre, Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José, Costa Rica
| | - M J Moreira-Espinoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - E Paredes-Carias
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Y Vanegas-Padilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - L Salazar-Sánchez
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - J A Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - S G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - B E Shaw
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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24
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Taporoski TP, Duarte NE, Pompéia S, Sterr A, Gómez LM, Alvim RO, Horimoto ARVR, Krieger JE, Vallada H, Pereira AC, von Schantz M, Negrão AB. Heritability of semantic verbal fluency task using time-interval analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217814. [PMID: 31185027 PMCID: PMC6559646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual variability in word generation is a product of genetic and environmental influences. The genetic effects on semantic verbal fluency were estimated in 1,735 participants from the Brazilian Baependi Heart Study. The numbers of exemplars produced in 60 s were broken down into time quartiles because of the involvement of different cognitive processes—predominantly automatic at the beginning, controlled/executive at the end. Heritability in the unadjusted model for the 60-s measure was 0.32. The best-fit model contained age, sex, years of schooling, and time of day as covariates, giving a heritability of 0.21. Schooling had the highest moderating effect. The highest heritability (0.17) was observed in the first quartile, decreasing to 0.09, 0.12, and 0.0003 in the following ones. Heritability for average production starting point (intercept) was 0.18, indicating genetic influences for automatic cognitive processes. Production decay (slope), indicative of controlled processes, was not significant. The genetic influence on different quartiles of the semantic verbal fluency test could potentially be exploited in clinical practice and genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. P. Taporoski
- Institute of Psychiatry (LIM-23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N. E. Duarte
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departmento de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - S. Pompéia
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A. Sterr
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - L. M. Gómez
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R. O. Alvim
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - A. R. V. R. Horimoto
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J. E. Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H. Vallada
- Institute of Psychiatry (LIM-23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A. C. Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M. von Schantz
- Institute of Psychiatry (LIM-23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - A. B. Negrão
- Institute of Psychiatry (LIM-23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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25
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Neural correlates of emotion processing predict resilience in youth at familial risk for mood disorders. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1037-1052. [PMID: 31064610 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant face emotion processing has been demonstrated in youth with and at a familial risk for bipolar and major depressive disorders. However, the neurobiological factors related to emotion processing that underlie resilience from youth-onset mood disorders are not well understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data during an implicit emotion processing task were collected at baseline from a sample of 50 youth, ages 8-17, who were healthy but also familially at high risk for either bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder, and 24 healthy controls with no family history of psychopathology (HCL). Participants were reevaluated 3 years later and classified into three groups for analysis: high-risk youth who converted to a psychiatric diagnosis (CVT; N = 23), high-risk youth who were resilient from developing any psychopathology (RES; N = 27), and HCL youth (N = 24) who remained healthy at follow-up. For happy > calm faces, the CVT and RES groups had significantly lower activation in the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL), while the RES group had lower activation in the right supramarginal gyrus. For fear > calm faces, the RES group had lower activation in the right precuneus and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared to the CVT group. Connectivity analyses revealed the RES group exhibited higher left IPL connectivity with visual cortical regions for happy > calm faces, and higher IFG connectivity with frontal, temporal, and limbic regions for fear > calm faces. These connectivities were correlated with improvements in prosocial behaviors and global functioning. Our findings suggest that differential activation and connectivity in the IPL, IFG, and precuneus in response to emotional stimuli may represent distinct resilience and risk markers for youth-onset mood disorders.
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26
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Yalin N, Saricicek A, Hidiroglu C, Zugman A, Direk N, Ada E, Cavusoglu B, Er A, Isik G, Ceylan D, Tunca Z, Kempton MJ, Ozerdem A. Cortical thickness and surface area as an endophenotype in bipolar disorder type I patients and their first-degree relatives. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101695. [PMID: 30738374 PMCID: PMC6370861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES So far, few studies have investigated cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) measures in bipolar disorder type I (BDI) in comparison to a high genetic risk group such as first-degree relatives (FR). This study aimed to examine CT and SA differences between BDI, FR and healthy controls (HC). METHODS 3D T1 magnetic resonance images were acquired from 27 euthymic BDI patients, 24 unaffected FR and 29 HC. CT and SA measures were obtained with FreeSurfer version 5.3.0. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare CT and SA between groups. Group comparisons were repeated with restricting the FR group to 17 siblings (FR-SB) only. RESULTS \Mean age in years was 36.3 ± 9.5 for BDI, 32.1 ± 10.9 for FR, 34.7 ± 9.8 for FR-SB and 33.1 ± 9.0 for HC group respectively. BDI patients revealed larger SA of left pars triangularis (LPT) compared to HC (p = .001). In addition, increased SA in superior temporal cortex (STC) in FR-SB group compared to HC was identified (p = .0001). CONCLUSIONS Our result of increased SA in LPT of BDI could be a disease marker and increased SA in STC of FR-SB could be a marker related with resilience to illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefize Yalin
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Aybala Saricicek
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Hidiroglu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andre Zugman
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nese Direk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emel Ada
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berrin Cavusoglu
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Er
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Isik
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ceylan
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Tunca
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aysegul Ozerdem
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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27
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Mooney JA, Huber CD, Service S, Sul JH, Marsden CD, Zhang Z, Sabatti C, Ruiz-Linares A, Bedoya G, Freimer N, Lohmueller KE. Understanding the Hidden Complexity of Latin American Population Isolates. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:707-726. [PMID: 30401458 PMCID: PMC6218714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most population isolates examined to date were founded from a single ancestral population. Consequently, there is limited knowledge about the demographic history of admixed population isolates. Here we investigate genomic diversity of recently admixed population isolates from Costa Rica and Colombia and compare their diversity to a benchmark population isolate, the Finnish. These Latin American isolates originated during the 16th century from admixture between a few hundred European males and Amerindian females, with a limited contribution from African founders. We examine whole-genome sequence data from 449 individuals, ascertained as families to build mutigenerational pedigrees, with a mean sequencing depth of coverage of approximately 36×. We find that Latin American isolates have increased genetic diversity relative to the Finnish. However, there is an increase in the amount of identity by descent (IBD) segments in the Latin American isolates relative to the Finnish. The increase in IBD segments is likely a consequence of a very recent and severe population bottleneck during the founding of the admixed population isolates. Furthermore, the proportion of the genome that falls within a long run of homozygosity (ROH) in Costa Rican and Colombian individuals is significantly greater than that in the Finnish, suggesting more recent consanguinity in the Latin American isolates relative to that seen in the Finnish. Lastly, we find that recent consanguinity increased the number of deleterious variants found in the homozygous state, which is relevant if deleterious variants are recessive. Our study suggests that there is no single genetic signature of a population isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazlyn A Mooney
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian D Huber
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Susan Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jae Hoon Sul
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Center for Informatics and Personalized Genomics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Clare D Marsden
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nelson Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kirk E Lohmueller
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Harrewijn A, Van der Molen MJW, Verkuil B, Sweijen SW, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Westenberg PM. Heart rate variability as candidate endophenotype of social anxiety: A two-generation family study. J Affect Disord 2018; 237:47-55. [PMID: 29763849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is the extreme fear and avoidance of one or more social situations. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether heart rate variability (HRV) during resting state and a social performance task (SPT) is a candidate endophenotype of SAD. METHODS In this two-generation family study, patients with SAD with their partner and children, and their siblings with partner and children took part in a SPT (total n = 121, 9 families, 3-30 persons per family, age range: 8-61 years, 17 patients with SAD). In this task, participants had to watch and evaluate the speech of a female peer, and had to give a similar speech. HRV was measured during two resting state phases, and during anticipation, speech and recovery phases of the SPT. We tested two criteria for endophenotypes: co-segregation with SAD within families and heritability. RESULTS HRV did not co-segregate with SAD within families. Root mean square of successive differences during the first resting phase and recovery, and high frequency power during all phases of the task were heritable. LIMITATIONS It should be noted that few participants were diagnosed with SAD. Results during the speech should be interpreted with caution, because the duration was short and there was a lot of movement. CONCLUSIONS HRV during resting state and the SPT is a possible endophenotype, but not of SAD. As other studies have shown that HRV is related to different internalizing disorders, HRV might reflect a transdiagnostic genetic vulnerability for internalizing disorders. Future research should investigate which factors influence the development of psychopathology in persons with decreased HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harrewijn
- Developmental and educational psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - M J W Van der Molen
- Developmental and educational psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - B Verkuil
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Clinical psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - S W Sweijen
- Developmental and educational psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - J J Houwing-Duistermaat
- Department of Medical Statistics and BioInformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Statistics, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - P M Westenberg
- Developmental and educational psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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29
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Hibar DP, Westlye LT, Doan NT, Jahanshad N, Cheung JW, Ching CRK, Versace A, Bilderbeck AC, Uhlmann A, Mwangi B, Krämer B, Overs B, Hartberg CB, Abé C, Dima D, Grotegerd D, Sprooten E, Bøen E, Jimenez E, Howells FM, Delvecchio G, Temmingh H, Starke J, Almeida JRC, Goikolea JM, Houenou J, Beard LM, Rauer L, Abramovic L, Bonnin M, Ponteduro MF, Keil M, Rive MM, Yao N, Yalin N, Najt P, Rosa PG, Redlich R, Trost S, Hagenaars S, Fears SC, Alonso-Lana S, van Erp TGM, Nickson T, Chaim-Avancini TM, Meier TB, Elvsåshagen T, Haukvik UK, Lee WH, Schene AH, Lloyd AJ, Young AH, Nugent A, Dale AM, Pfennig A, McIntosh AM, Lafer B, Baune BT, Ekman CJ, Zarate CA, Bearden CE, Henry C, Simhandl C, McDonald C, Bourne C, Stein DJ, Wolf DH, Cannon DM, Glahn DC, Veltman DJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Vieta E, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Nery FG, Duran FLS, Busatto GF, Roberts G, Pearlson GD, Goodwin GM, Kugel H, Whalley HC, Ruhe HG, Soares JC, Fullerton JM, Rybakowski JK, Savitz J, Chaim KT, Fatjó-Vilas M, Soeiro-de-Souza MG, Boks MP, Zanetti MV, Otaduy MCG, Schaufelberger MS, Alda M, Ingvar M, Phillips ML, Kempton MJ, Bauer M, Landén M, Lawrence NS, van Haren NEM, Horn NR, Freimer NB, Gruber O, Schofield PR, Mitchell PB, Kahn RS, Lenroot R, Machado-Vieira R, Ophoff RA, Sarró S, Frangou S, Satterthwaite TD, Hajek T, Dannlowski U, Malt UF, Arolt V, Gattaz WF, Drevets WC, Caseras X, Agartz I, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:932-942. [PMID: 28461699 PMCID: PMC5668195 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. To address this, we performed the largest study to date of cortical gray matter thickness and surface area measures from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 6503 individuals including 1837 unrelated adults with BD and 2582 unrelated healthy controls for group differences while also examining the effects of commonly prescribed medications, age of illness onset, history of psychosis, mood state, age and sex differences on cortical regions. In BD, cortical gray matter was thinner in frontal, temporal and parietal regions of both brain hemispheres. BD had the strongest effects on left pars opercularis (Cohen's d=-0.293; P=1.71 × 10-21), left fusiform gyrus (d=-0.288; P=8.25 × 10-21) and left rostral middle frontal cortex (d=-0.276; P=2.99 × 10-19). Longer duration of illness (after accounting for age at the time of scanning) was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal, medial parietal and occipital regions. We found that several commonly prescribed medications, including lithium, antiepileptic and antipsychotic treatment showed significant associations with cortical thickness and surface area, even after accounting for patients who received multiple medications. We found evidence of reduced cortical surface area associated with a history of psychosis but no associations with mood state at the time of scanning. Our analysis revealed previously undetected associations and provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA,Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - N T Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - J W Cheung
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - C R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA,Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A C Bilderbeck
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Groote Schuur Hospital (J-2), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Mwangi
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Overs
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C B Hartberg
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Dima
- Department of Psychology, City University London, London, UK,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Grotegerd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - E Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Bøen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Jimenez
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Delvecchio
- IRCCS "E. Medea" Scientific Institute, San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
| | - H Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Starke
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J R C Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J M Goikolea
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Houenou
- INSERM U955 Team 15 ‘Translational Psychiatry’, University Paris East, APHP, CHU Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France,NeuroSpin, UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, CEA Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - L M Beard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Rauer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Abramovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Bonnin
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M F Ponteduro
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Keil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M M Rive
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - N Yalin
- Centre for Affective Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - P Najt
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P G Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Trost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Hagenaars
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,West Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - T Nickson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T M Chaim-Avancini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - T Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - U K Haukvik
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Adult Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - W H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A J Lloyd
- Academic Psychiatry and Northern Centre for Mood Disorders, Newcastle University/Northumberland Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - A H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A M Dale
- MMIL, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Cognitive Science, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B Lafer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - C J Ekman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Henry
- INSERM U955 Team 15 ‘Translational Psychiatry’, University Paris East, APHP, CHU Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France,Institut Pasteur, Unité Perception et Mémoire, Paris, France
| | - C Simhandl
- Bipolar Center Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - C McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Bourne
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Psychology & Counselling, Newman University, Birmingham, UK
| | - D J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Groote Schuur Hospital (J-2), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - D J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E J Canales-Rodriguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - F G Nery
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - F L S Duran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G F Busatto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Roberts
- School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - G M Goodwin
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H G Ruhe
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J C Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA,Faculty of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - K T Chaim
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,LIM44-Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Neuroradiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M G Soeiro-de-Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M V Zanetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C G Otaduy
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,LIM44-Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Neuroradiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Schaufelberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M J Kempton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Landén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - N S Lawrence
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - N E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N R Horn
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Lenroot
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Machado-Vieira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - U Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - U F Malt
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - V Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - W F Gattaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W C Drevets
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - X Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - I Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research—TOP Study, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway. E-mail:
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Harrewijn A, van der Molen MJW, van Vliet IM, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Westenberg PM. Delta-beta correlation as a candidate endophenotype of social anxiety: A two-generation family study. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:398-405. [PMID: 29154156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by an extreme and intense fear and avoidance of social situations. In this two-generation family study we examined delta-beta correlation during a social performance task as candidate endophenotype of SAD. METHODS Nine families with a target participant (diagnosed with SAD), their spouse and children, as well as target's siblings with spouse and children performed a social performance task in which they gave a speech in front of a camera. EEG was measured during resting state, anticipation, and recovery. Our analyses focused on two criteria for endophenotypes: co-segregation within families and heritability. RESULTS Co-segregation analyses revealed increased negative delta-low beta correlation during anticipation in participants with (sub)clinical SAD compared to participants without (sub)clinical SAD. Heritability analyses revealed that delta-low beta and delta-high beta correlation during anticipation were heritable. Delta-beta correlation did not differ between participants with and without (sub)clinical SAD during resting state or recovery, nor between participants with and without SAD during all phases of the task. LIMITATIONS It should be noted that participants were seen only once, they all performed the EEG tasks in the same order, and some participants were too anxious to give a speech. CONCLUSIONS Delta-low beta correlation during anticipation of giving a speech might be a candidate endophenotype of SAD, possibly reflecting increased crosstalk between cortical and subcortical regions. If validated as endophenotype, delta-beta correlation during anticipation could be useful in studying the genetic basis, as well as improving treatment and early detection of persons at risk for developing SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Harrewijn
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Melle J W van der Molen
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M van Vliet
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Houwing-Duistermaat
- Department of Medical Statistics and BioInformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Statistics, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - P Michiel Westenberg
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Harrison PJ, Geddes JR, Tunbridge EM. The Emerging Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:18-30. [PMID: 29169634 PMCID: PMC5755726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of global disability. Its biological basis is unknown, and its treatment unsatisfactory. Here, we review two recent areas of progress. First, the discovery of risk genes and their implications, with a focus on voltage-gated calcium channels as part of the disease process and as a drug target. Second, facilitated by new technologies, it is increasingly apparent that the bipolar phenotype is more complex and nuanced than simply one of recurring manic and depressive episodes. One such feature is persistent mood instability, and efforts are underway to understand its mechanisms and its therapeutic potential. BD illustrates how psychiatry is being transformed by contemporary neuroscience, genomics, and digital approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - John R Geddes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
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Findling RL, Youngstrom EA, Rowles BM, Deyling E, Lingler J, Stansbrey RJ, McVoy M, Lytle S, Calabrese JR, McNamara NK. A Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Trial of Aripiprazole in Symptomatic Youths at Genetic High Risk for Bipolar Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017; 27:864-874. [PMID: 28759262 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if acute treatment with aripiprazole (APZ) would be superior to treatment with placebo in reducing dysfunctional symptoms of elevated mood and/or irritability in symptomatic children and adolescents at familial high risk for bipolar disorder (BPD) whose mood episodes occur spontaneously. These are patients we have previously referred to as suffering from "cyclotaxia." METHODS This was single-site, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled outpatient clinical trial in which youths aged 5-17 years who met diagnostic criteria for either cyclothymic disorder (CYC) or BPD not otherwise specified (BP-NOS) were randomly assigned to receive either APZ or placebo. Eligible participants had at least one parent with BPD, another first- or second-degree relative afflicted with a mood disorder, and also had not responded to psychotherapy. Treatment with APZ was initiated at a dose of approximately 0.1 mg/kg/day and could be increased by approximately 0.05 mg/kg/day at each study visit. Patients were seen weekly for 4 weeks and then every other week thereafter for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was mean change from baseline on Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score. RESULTS A total of 59 patients (30 APZ, 29 placebo) aged 11.8 (SD = 2.7) years were randomized and returned for at least one postbaseline assessment. The mean total daily doses of active APZ and placebo were 7.1 mg (SD = 3.7) and 7.4 mg (SD = 4.2), respectively. At the 12-week time point, APZ was superior to placebo on the primary outcome measure (p < 0.005). Most adverse events were mild and transient in nature. There was a significant difference in weight gain from baseline between patients who received APZ (2.3 kg [SD = 3.3]) and those who received placebo (0.7 kg [SD = 1.8]). CONCLUSION This double-blind trial found that APZ was significantly more efficacious than placebo in reducing symptoms of mania in children and adolescents with cyclotaxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Findling
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University and The Kennedy Krieger Institute , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- 2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brieana M Rowles
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Deyling
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jacqui Lingler
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert J Stansbrey
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Molly McVoy
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah Lytle
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph R Calabrese
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nora K McNamara
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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Jahanshad N, Thompson PM. Multimodal neuroimaging of male and female brain structure in health and disease across the life span. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:371-379. [PMID: 27870421 PMCID: PMC5119539 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in brain development and aging are important to identify, as they may help to understand risk factors and outcomes in brain disorders that are more prevalent in one sex compared with the other. Brain imaging techniques have advanced rapidly in recent years, yielding detailed structural and functional maps of the living brain. Even so, studies are often limited in sample size, and inconsistent findings emerge, one example being varying findings regarding sex differences in the size of the corpus callosum. More recently, large‐scale neuroimaging consortia such as the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis Consortium have formed, pooling together expertise, data, and resources from hundreds of institutions around the world to ensure adequate power and reproducibility. These initiatives are helping us to better understand how brain structure is affected by development, disease, and potential modulators of these effects, including sex. This review highlights some established and disputed sex differences in brain structure across the life span, as well as pitfalls related to interpreting sex differences in health and disease. We also describe sex‐related findings from the ENIGMA consortium, and ongoing efforts to better understand sex differences in brain circuitry. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
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Harrewijn A, van der Molen MJW, van Vliet IM, Tissier RLM, Westenberg PM. Behavioral and EEG responses to social evaluation: A two-generation family study on social anxiety. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 17:549-562. [PMID: 29527481 PMCID: PMC5842666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder is an invalidating psychiatric disorder characterized by extreme fear and avoidance of one or more social situations in which patients might experience scrutiny by others. The goal of this two-generation family study was to delineate behavioral and electrocortical endophenotypes of social anxiety disorder related to social evaluation. Nine families of patients with social anxiety disorder (their spouse and children, and siblings of these patients with spouse and children) performed a social judgment paradigm in which they believed to be evaluated by peers. For each peer, participants indicated their expectation about the evaluative outcome, after which they received social acceptance or rejection feedback. Task behavior, as well as the feedback-related EEG brain potentials (N1, FRN, P3) and theta power were tested as candidate endophenotypes based on two criteria: co-segregation with social anxiety disorder within families and heritability. Results indicated that reaction time for indicating acceptance-expectations might be a candidate behavioral endophenotype of social anxiety disorder, possibly reflecting increased uncertainty or self-focused attention and vigilance during the social judgment paradigm. N1 in response to expected rejection feedback and P3 in response to acceptance feedback might be candidate electrocortical endophenotypes of social anxiety disorder, although the heritability analyses did not remain significant after correcting for multiple tests. Increased N1 possibly reflects hypervigilance to socially threatening stimuli, and increased P3 might reflect that positive feedback is more important for, and/or less expected by, participants with social anxiety disorder. Finally, increased feedback-related negativity and theta power in response to unexpected rejection feedback compared to the other conditions co-segregated with social anxiety disorder, but these EEG measures were not heritable. The candidate endophenotypes might play a new and promising role in future research on genetic mechanisms, early detection and/or prevention of social anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Harrewijn
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Melle J W van der Molen
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M van Vliet
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Renaud L M Tissier
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - P Michiel Westenberg
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Bearden CE, Glahn DC. Cognitive genomics: Searching for the genetic roots of neuropsychological functioning. Neuropsychology 2017; 31:1003-1019. [PMID: 29376674 PMCID: PMC5791763 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human cognition has long been known to be under substantial genetic control. With the complete mapping of the human genome, genome-wide association studies for many complex traits have proliferated; however, the highly polygenic nature of intelligence has made the identification of the precise genes that influence both global and specific cognitive abilities more difficult than anticipated. METHOD Here, we review the latest developments in the genomics of cognition, including a discussion of methodological advances in the genetic analysis of complex traits, and shared genetic contributions to cognitive abilities and neuropsychiatric disorders. RESULTS A wealth of twin and family studies have provided compelling evidence for a strong heritable component of both global and specific cognitive abilities, and for the existence of "generalist genes" responsible for a large portion of the variance in diverse cognitive abilities. Increasingly sophisticated analytic tools and ever-larger sample sizes are now facilitating the identification of specific genetic and molecular underpinnings of cognitive abilities, leading to optimism regarding possibilities for novel treatments for illnesses related to cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS We conclude with a set of future directions for the field, which will further accelerate discoveries regarding the biological pathways relevant to cognitive abilities. These, in turn, may be further interrogated in order to link biological mechanisms to behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles
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Reus VI. So Where Are the Genes for Bipolar Disorder? FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2017; 15:9s-10s. [PMID: 31975892 PMCID: PMC6519543 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.154s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor I Reus
- Dr. Reus is distinguished professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco
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Carter CS, Bearden CE, Bullmore ET, Geschwind DH, Glahn DC, Gur RE, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Weinberger DR. Enhancing the Informativeness and Replicability of Imaging Genomics Studies. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:157-164. [PMID: 27793332 PMCID: PMC5318285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging genomics is a new field of investigation that seeks to gain insights into the impact of human genetic variation on the structure, chemistry, and function of neural systems in health and disease. Because publications in this field have increased over the past decade, increasing concerns have been raised about false-positive results entering the literature. Here, we provide an overview of the field of imaging genomic and genetic approaches and discuss factors related to research design and analysis that can enhance the informativeness and replicability of these studies. We conclude that imaging genetic studies can provide important insights into the role of human genetic variation on neural systems and circuits, both in the context of normal quantitative variation and in relation to neuropsychiatric disease. We also argue that demonstrating genetic association to imaging-derived traits is subject to the same constraints as any other genetic study, including stringent type I error control. Adequately powered studies are necessary; however, there are currently limited data available to allow precise estimates of effect sizes for candidate gene studies. Independent replication is necessary before a result can be considered definitive, and for studies with small sample sizes it is necessary before publication. Increased transparency of methods and enhanced data sharing will further enhance replicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S. Carter
- University of California at Davis, 4701 X Street Sacramento, CA 95816, phone 916 7348883 fax 916 7347884,
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Guzman-Parra J, Rivas F, Strohmaier J, Forstner A, Streit F, Auburger G, Propping P, Orozco-Diaz G, González MJ, Gil-Flores S, Cabaleiro-Fabeiro FJ, Del Río-Noriega F, Perez-Perez F, Haro-González J, de Diego-Otero Y, Romero-Sanchiz P, Moreno-Küstner B, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Mayoral F. The Andalusian Bipolar Family (ABiF) Study: Protocol and sample description. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2017; 11:199-207. [PMID: 28619597 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Here, we present the first description of the Andalusian Bipolar Family (ABiF) Study. This longitudinal investigation of families from Andalusia, Spain commenced in 1997 with the aim of elucidating the molecular genetic causes of bipolar affective disorder. The cohort has since contributed to a number of key genetic findings, as reported in international journals. However, insight into the genetic underpinnings of the disorder in these families remains limited. METHOD In the initial 1997-2003 study phase, 100 multiplex bipolar disorder and other mood disorder families were recruited. The ongoing second phase of the project commenced in 2013, and involves follow-up of a subgroup of the originally recruited families. The aim of the follow-up investigation is to generate: i) longitudinal clinical data; ii) results from detailed neuropsychological assessments; and iii) a more extensive collection of biomaterials for future molecular biological studies. RESULTS The ABiF Study will thus generate a valuable resource for future investigations into the aetiology of bipolar affective disorder; in particular the causes of high disease loading within multiply affected families. DISCUSSION We discuss the value of this approach in terms of new technologies for the identification of high-penetrance genetic factors. These new technologies include exome and whole genome sequencing, and the use of induced pluripotent stem cells or model organisms to determine functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Guzman-Parra
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España.
| | - Fabio Rivas
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Departamento de Epidemiología Genética en Psiquiatría, Instituto Central de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina de Mannheim, Universidad de Heidelberg, Mannheim, Alemania
| | - Andreas Forstner
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Universidad de Bonn, Bonn, Alemania; Departamento de Genómica, Life & Brain Center, Universidad de Bonn, Bonn, Alemania
| | - Fabian Streit
- Departamento de Epidemiología Genética en Psiquiatría, Instituto Central de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina de Mannheim, Universidad de Heidelberg, Mannheim, Alemania
| | - Georg Auburger
- Clínica de Neurología, Universidad de Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Alemania
| | - Peter Propping
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Universidad de Bonn, Bonn, Alemania; Departamento de Genómica, Life & Brain Center, Universidad de Bonn, Bonn, Alemania
| | - Guillermo Orozco-Diaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica del Dispositivo de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias Coin-Gudalhorce, Málaga, España
| | - Maria José González
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España
| | - Susana Gil-Flores
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Universidad Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
| | | | | | - Fermin Perez-Perez
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Hospital de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, España
| | - Jesus Haro-González
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Hospital Punta de Europa, Algeciras, Cádiz, España
| | - Yolanda de Diego-Otero
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España
| | - Pablo Romero-Sanchiz
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España
| | - Berta Moreno-Küstner
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Sven Cichon
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Universidad de Basel, Basel, Suiza
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España; Departamento de Genómica, Life & Brain Center, Universidad de Bonn, Bonn, Alemania
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Departamento de Epidemiología Genética en Psiquiatría, Instituto Central de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina de Mannheim, Universidad de Heidelberg, Mannheim, Alemania
| | - Fermin Mayoral
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España
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Merikangas AK, Cui L, Calkins ME, Moore TM, Gur RC, Gur RE, Merikangas KR. Neurocognitive performance as an endophenotype for mood disorder subgroups. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:163-171. [PMID: 28340442 PMCID: PMC5441552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that neurocognitive function may be an endophenotype for mood disorders. The goal of this study is to examine the specificity and familiality of neurocognitive functioning across the full range of mood disorder subgroups, including Bipolar I (BP-I), Bipolar II (BP-II), Major Depressive Disorders (MDD), and controls in a community-based family study. METHODS A total of 310 participants from 137 families with mood spectrum disorders (n=151) and controls (n=159) completed the University of Pennsylvania's Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB) that assessed the accuracy and speed of task performance across five domains. Mixed effects regression models tested association and familiality. RESULTS Compared to those without mood disorders, participants with BP-I had increased accuracy in complex cognition, while participants with MDD were more accurate in emotion recognition. There was also a significant familial association for accuracy of complex cognition. Mood disorder subgroups did not differ in performance speed in any of the domains. LIMITATIONS The small number of BP-I cases, and family size limited the statistical power of these analyses, and the cross-sectional assessment of neurocognitive function precluded our ability to determine whether performance precedes or post dates onset of disorder. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the few community-based family studies of potential neurocognitive endophenotypes that includes the full range of mood disorder subgroups. There were few differences in neurocognitive function except enhanced accuracy in specific domains among those with BP-I and MDD. The differential findings across specific mood disorder subgroups substantiate their heterogeneity in other biologic and endophenotypic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Merikangas
- Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Lihong Cui
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen R Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lener MS, Niciu MJ, Ballard ED, Park M, Park LT, Nugent AC, Zarate CA. Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Systems in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression and Antidepressant Response to Ketamine. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:886-897. [PMID: 27449797 PMCID: PMC5107161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, abnormalities in excitatory and/or inhibitory neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity may lead to aberrant functional connectivity patterns within large brain networks. Network dysfunction in association with altered brain levels of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid have been identified in both animal and human studies of depression. In addition, evidence of an antidepressant response to subanesthetic-dose ketamine has led to a collection of studies that have examined neurochemical (e.g., glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) and functional imaging correlates associated with such an effect. Results from these studies suggest that an antidepressant response in association with ketamine occurs, in part, by reversing these neurochemical/physiological disturbances. Future studies in depression will require a combination of neuroimaging approaches from which more biologically homogeneous subgroups can be identified, particularly with respect to treatment response biomarkers of glutamatergic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Lener
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Mark J Niciu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth D Ballard
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Minkyung Park
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lawrence T Park
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Allison C Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Greenwood TA. Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 2:198-212. [PMID: 28277566 PMCID: PMC5318923 DOI: 10.1159/000452416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a severe, lifelong mood disorder for which little is currently understood of the genetic mechanisms underlying risk. By examining related dimensional phenotypes, we may further our understanding of the disorder. Creativity has a historical connection with the bipolar spectrum and is particularly enhanced among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with bipolar spectrum traits. This suggests that some aspects of the bipolar spectrum may confer advantages, while more severe expressions of symptoms negatively influence creative accomplishment. Creativity is a complex, multidimensional construct with both cognitive and affective components, many of which appear to reflect a shared genetic vulnerability with bipolar disorder. It is suggested that a subset of bipolar risk variants confer advantages as positive traits according to an inverted-U-shaped curve with clinically unaffected allele carriers benefitting from the positive traits and serving to maintain the risk alleles in the population. The association of risk genes with creativity in healthy individuals (e.g., NRG1), as well as an overall sharing of common genetic variation between bipolar patients and creative individuals, provides support for this model. Current findings are summarized from a multidisciplinary perspective to demonstrate the feasibility of research in this area to reveal the mechanisms underlying illness.
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Neural Markers in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Familial Risk for Bipolar Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:67-78. [PMID: 27993231 PMCID: PMC9382574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly heritable. Neuroimaging studies comparing unaffected youth at high familial risk for BD (i.e., those with a first-degree relative with the disorder; termed "high-risk" [HR]) to "low-risk" (LR) youth (i.e., those without a first-degree relative with BD) and to patients with BD may help identify potential brain-based markers associated with risk (i.e., regions where HR+BD≠LR), resilience (HR≠BD+LR), or illness (BD≠HR+LR). METHOD During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 99 youths (i.e., adolescents and young adults) aged 9.8 to 24.8 years (36 BD, 22 HR, 41 LR) performed a task probing face emotion labeling, previously shown to be impaired behaviorally in youth with BD and HR youth. RESULTS We found three patterns of results. Candidate risk endophenotypes (i.e., where BD and HR shared deficits) included dysfunction in higher-order face processing regions (e.g., middle temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Candidate resilience markers and disorder sequelae (where HR and BD, respectively, show unique alterations relative to the other two groups) included different patterns of neural responses across other regions mediating face processing (e.g., fusiform), executive function (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus), and social cognition (e.g., default network, superior temporal sulcus, temporo-parietal junction). CONCLUSION If replicated in longitudinal studies and with additional populations, neural patterns suggesting risk endophenotypes could be used to identify individuals at risk for BD who may benefit from prevention measures. Moreover, information about risk and resilience markers could be used to develop novel treatments that recruit neural markers of resilience and attenuate neural patterns associated with risk. Clinical trial registration information-Studies of Brain Function and Course of Illness in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Child and Adolescent Bipolar Disorder Brain Imaging and Treatment Study; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00025935 and NCT00006177.
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Sudre G, Choudhuri S, Szekely E, Bonner T, Goduni E, Sharp W, Shaw P. Estimating the Heritability of Structural and Functional Brain Connectivity in Families Affected by Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:76-84. [PMID: 27851842 PMCID: PMC7418037 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite its high heritability, few risk genes have been identified for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Brain-based phenotypes could aid gene discovery. There is a myriad of structural and functional connections that support cognition. Disruption of such connectivity is a key pathophysiologic mechanism for ADHD, and identifying heritable phenotypes within these connections could provide candidates for genomic studies. OBJECTIVE To identify the structural and functional connections that are heritable and pertinent to ADHD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Members of extended multigenerational families enriched for ADHD were evaluated. Structural connectivity was defined by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of white matter tract microstructure and functional connectivity through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). Heritability and association with ADHD symptoms were estimated in 24 extended multigenerational families enriched for ADHD (305 members with clinical phenotyping, 213 with DTI, and 193 with rsfMRI data). Findings were confirmed in 52 nuclear families (132 members with clinical phenotypes, 119 with DTI, and 84 with rsfMRI). The study and data analysis were conducted from April 1, 2010, to September 1, 2016. RESULTS In the 52 nuclear families, 86 individuals (65.2%) were male and the mean (SD) age at imaging was 20.9 (15.0) years; in the 24 multigenerational extended families, 145 individuals (47.5%) were male and mean age at imaging was 30.4 (19.7) years. Microstructural properties of white matter tracts connecting ipsilateral cortical regions and the corpus callosum were significantly heritable, ranging from total additive genetic heritability (h2) = 0.69 (SE, 0.13; P = .0000002) for radial diffusivity of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus to h2 = 0.46 (SE, 0.15; P = .0009) for fractional anisotropy of the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Association with ADHD symptoms was found in several tracts, most strongly for the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (t = -3.05; P = .003). Heritable patterns of functional connectivity were detected within the default mode (h2 = 0.36; SE, 0.16; cluster level significance, P < .002), cognitive control (h2 = 0.32; SE, 0.15; P < .002), and ventral attention networks (h2 = 0.36; SE, 0.16; P < .002). In all cases, subregions within each network showed heritable functional connectivity with the rest of that network. More symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity (t = -2.63; P = .008) and inattention (t = -2.34; P = .02) were associated with decreased functional connectivity within the default mode network. Some cross-modal correlations were purely phenotypic, such as that between axial diffusivity of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and heritable aspects of the default mode network (phenotypic correlation, ρp = -0.12; P = .03). A genetic cross-modal correlation was seen between the ventral attention network and radial diffusivity of the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (genetic correlation, ρg = -0.45, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Analysis of data on multigenerational extended and nuclear families identified the features of structural and functional connectivity that are both significantly heritable and associated with ADHD. In addition, shared genetic factors account for some phenotypic correlations between functional and structural connections. Such work helps to prioritize the facets of the brain's connectivity for future genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sudre
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Saadia Choudhuri
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Eszter Szekely
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Teighlor Bonner
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Elanda Goduni
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Wendy Sharp
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Philip Shaw
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
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Zai G, Alberry B, Arloth J, Bánlaki Z, Bares C, Boot E, Camilo C, Chadha K, Chen Q, Cole CB, Cost KT, Crow M, Ekpor I, Fischer SB, Flatau L, Gagliano S, Kirli U, Kukshal P, Labrie V, Lang M, Lett TA, Maffioletti E, Maier R, Mihaljevic M, Mittal K, Monson ET, O'Brien NL, Østergaard SD, Ovenden E, Patel S, Peterson RE, Pouget JG, Rovaris DL, Seaman L, Shankarappa B, Tsetsos F, Vereczkei A, Wang C, Xulu K, Yuen RKC, Zhao J, Zai CC, Kennedy JL. Rapporteur summaries of plenary, symposia, and oral sessions from the XXIIIrd World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics Meeting in Toronto, Canada, 16-20 October 2015. Psychiatr Genet 2016; 26:229-257. [PMID: 27606929 PMCID: PMC5134913 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The XXIIIrd World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics meeting, sponsored by the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, was held in Toronto, ON, Canada, on 16-20 October 2015. Approximately 700 participants attended to discuss the latest state-of-the-art findings in this rapidly advancing and evolving field. The following report was written by trainee travel awardees. Each was assigned one session as a rapporteur. This manuscript represents the highlights and topics that were covered in the plenary sessions, symposia, and oral sessions during the conference, and contains major notable and new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bonnie Alberry
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Janine Arloth
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Zsófia Bánlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cristina Bares
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erik Boot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Camilo
- Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kartikay Chadha
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher B. Cole
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Tombeau Cost
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Crow
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, NY, USA
| | - Ibene Ekpor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Sascha B. Fischer
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Flatau
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Gagliano
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Umut Kirli
- Department of Psychiatry, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Prachi Kukshal
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Viviane Labrie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maren Lang
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Robert Maier
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Kirti Mittal
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric T. Monson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Niamh L. O'Brien
- Molecular Psychiatric Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Søren Dinesen Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Ellen Ovenden
- Human Genetics Lab, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Sejal Patel
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennie G. Pouget
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lauren Seaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bhagya Shankarappa
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Andrea Vereczkei
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Khethelo Xulu
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Ryan K. C. Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Clement C. Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hibar DP, Westlye LT, van Erp TGM, Rasmussen J, Leonardo CD, Faskowitz J, Haukvik UK, Hartberg CB, Doan NT, Agartz I, Dale AM, Gruber O, Krämer B, Trost S, Liberg B, Abé C, Ekman CJ, Ingvar M, Landén M, Fears SC, Freimer NB, Bearden CE, Sprooten E, Glahn DC, Pearlson GD, Emsell L, Kenney J, Scanlon C, McDonald C, Cannon DM, Almeida J, Versace A, Caseras X, Lawrence NS, Phillips ML, Dima D, Delvecchio G, Frangou S, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf D, Houenou J, Henry C, Malt UF, Bøen E, Elvsåshagen T, Young AH, Lloyd AJ, Goodwin GM, Mackay CE, Bourne C, Bilderbeck A, Abramovic L, Boks MP, van Haren NEM, Ophoff RA, Kahn RS, Bauer M, Pfennig A, Alda M, Hajek T, Mwangi B, Soares JC, Nickson T, Dimitrova R, Sussmann JE, Hagenaars S, Whalley HC, McIntosh AM, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1710-1716. [PMID: 26857596 PMCID: PMC5116479 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Considerable uncertainty exists about the defining brain changes associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Understanding and quantifying the sources of uncertainty can help generate novel clinical hypotheses about etiology and assist in the development of biomarkers for indexing disease progression and prognosis. Here we were interested in quantifying case-control differences in intracranial volume (ICV) and each of eight subcortical brain measures: nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, lateral ventricles. In a large study of 1710 BD patients and 2594 healthy controls, we found consistent volumetric reductions in BD patients for mean hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.232; P=3.50 × 10-7) and thalamus (d=-0.148; P=4.27 × 10-3) and enlarged lateral ventricles (d=-0.260; P=3.93 × 10-5) in patients. No significant effect of age at illness onset was detected. Stratifying patients based on clinical subtype (BD type I or type II) revealed that BDI patients had significantly larger lateral ventricles and smaller hippocampus and amygdala than controls. However, when comparing BDI and BDII patients directly, we did not detect any significant differences in brain volume. This likely represents similar etiology between BD subtype classifications. Exploratory analyses revealed significantly larger thalamic volumes in patients taking lithium compared with patients not taking lithium. We detected no significant differences between BDII patients and controls in the largest such comparison to date. Findings in this study should be interpreted with caution and with careful consideration of the limitations inherent to meta-analyzed neuroimaging comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L T Westlye
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C D Leonardo
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Faskowitz
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - U K Haukvik
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C B Hartberg
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - N T Doan
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Agartz
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Dale
- MMIL, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - O Gruber
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Krämer
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Trost
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - B Liberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Abé
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C J Ekman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Ingvar
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska MR Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Landén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C E Bearden
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - the Costa Rica/Colombia Consortium for Genetic Investigation of Bipolar Endophenotypes
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- MMIL, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska MR Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neurospin, Uniact, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Saclay, France
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 15 Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Research Network On Mood Disorders, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Academic Psychiatry and Regional Affective Disorders Service, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Newman University, Birmingham, UK
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht - Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - G D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L Emsell
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Kenney
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Scanlon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - D M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - X Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N S Lawrence
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M L Phillips
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Dima
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Delvecchio
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Houenou
- Neurospin, Uniact, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Saclay, France
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 15 Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil, France
| | - C Henry
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 15 Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - U F Malt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Bøen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Research Network On Mood Disorders, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Elvsåshagen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A J Lloyd
- Academic Psychiatry and Regional Affective Disorders Service, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - G M Goodwin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C E Mackay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Bourne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Newman University, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Bilderbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK
| | - L Abramovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht - Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht - Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht - Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht - Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht - Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - T Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - B Mwangi
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J C Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Nickson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Dimitrova
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J E Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Hagenaars
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Frangou S, Dima D, Jogia J. Towards person-centered neuroimaging markers for resilience and vulnerability in Bipolar Disorder. Neuroimage 2016; 145:230-237. [PMID: 27622393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved clinical care for Bipolar Disorder (BD) relies on the identification of diagnostic markers that can reliably detect disease-related signals in clinically heterogeneous populations. At the very least, diagnostic markers should be able to differentiate patients with BD from healthy individuals and from individuals at familial risk for BD who either remain well or develop other psychopathology, most commonly Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). These issues are particularly pertinent to the development of translational applications of neuroimaging as they represent challenges for which clinical observation alone is insufficient. We therefore applied pattern classification to task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of the n-back working memory task, to test their predictive value in differentiating patients with BD (n=30) from healthy individuals (n=30) and from patients' relatives who were either diagnosed with MDD (n=30) or were free of any personal lifetime history of psychopathology (n=30). Diagnostic stability in these groups was confirmed with 4-year prospective follow-up. Task-based activation patterns from the fMRI data were analyzed with Gaussian Process Classifiers (GPC), a machine learning approach to detecting multivariate patterns in neuroimaging datasets. Consistent significant classification results were only obtained using data from the 3-back versus 0-back contrast. Using contrast, patients with BD were correctly classified compared to unrelated healthy individuals with an accuracy of 83.5%, sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 92.3%. Classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity when comparing patients with BD to their relatives with MDD, were respectively 73.1%, 53.9% and 94.5%. Classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity when comparing patients with BD to their healthy relatives were respectively 81.8%, 72.7% and 90.9%. We show that significant individual classification can be achieved using whole brain pattern analysis of task-based working memory fMRI data. The high accuracy and specificity achieved by all three classifiers suggest that multivariate pattern recognition analyses can aid clinicians in the clinical care of BD in situations of true clinical uncertainty regarding the diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; King's College London, UK; City University, UK
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Cardenas SA, Kassem L, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E, McMahon FJ. Neurocognitive functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and unaffected relatives: A review of the literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:193-215. [PMID: 27502749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive deficits are present in bipolar disorder (BD) patients and their unaffected (nonbipolar) relatives, but it is not clear which domains are most often impaired and the extent of the impairment resulting from shared genetic factors. In this literature review, we address these issues and identify specific neurocognitive tasks most sensitive to cognitive deficits in patients and unaffected relatives. METHOD We conducted a systematic review in Web of Science, PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO databases. RESULTS Fifty-one articles assessing cognitive functioning in BD patients (23 studies) and unaffected relatives (28 studies) were examined. Patients and, less so, relatives show impairments in attention, processing speed, verbal learning/memory, and verbal fluency. CONCLUSION Studies were more likely to find impairment in patients than relatives, suggesting that some neurocognitive deficits may be a result of the illness itself and/or its treatment. However, small sample sizes, differences among relatives studied (e.g., relatedness, diagnostic status, age), and differences in assessment instruments may contribute to inconsistencies in reported neurocognitive performance among relatives. Additional studies addressing these issues are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Cardenas
- National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, RM 3D54, MSC 1264, Bethesda, MD 20814-1264, USA.
| | - Layla Kassem
- National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, RM 1A202, MSC 3719, Bethesda, MD 20892-3719, USA.
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Room 211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, RM 210, MSC 2670 Bethesda, MD 20892-2670, USA.
| | - Francis J McMahon
- National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, RM 1A201, MSC 3719, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3719, USA.
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Stoddard J, Gotts SJ, Brotman MA, Lever S, Hsu D, Zarate C, Ernst M, Pine DS, Leibenluft E. Aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity within and between corticostriatal and temporal-parietal networks in adults and youth with bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1509-1522. [PMID: 26924633 PMCID: PMC6996294 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major questions remain regarding the dysfunctional neural circuitry underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) in both youths and adults. In both age groups, studies implicate abnormal intrinsic functional connectivity among prefrontal, limbic and striatal areas. METHOD We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from youths and adults (ages 10-50 years) with BD (n = 39) and healthy volunteers (HV; n = 78). We identified brain regions with aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity in BD by first comparing voxel-wise mean global connectivity and then conducting correlation analyses. We used k-means clustering and multidimensional scaling to organize all detected regions into networks. RESULTS Across the brain, we detected areas of dysconnectivity in both youths and adults with BD relative to HV. There were no significant age-group × diagnosis interactions. When organized by interregional connectivity, the areas of dysconnectivity in patients with BD comprised two networks: one of temporal and parietal areas involved in late stages of visual processing, and one of corticostriatal areas involved in attention, cognitive control and response generation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that two networks show abnormal intrinsic functional connectivity in BD. Regions in these networks have been implicated previously in BD. We observed similar dysconnectivity in youths and adults with BD. These findings provide guidance for refining models of network-based dysfunction in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stoddard
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S. J. Gotts
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. A. Brotman
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S. Lever
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D. Hsu
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C. Zarate
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. Ernst
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D. S. Pine
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E. Leibenluft
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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49
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Peterson CB, Service SK, Jasinska AJ, Gao F, Zelaya I, Teshiba TM, Bearden CE, Cantor RM, Reus VI, Macaya G, López-Jaramillo C, Bogomolov M, Benjamini Y, Eskin E, Coppola G, Freimer NB, Sabatti C. Characterization of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci in Pedigrees from Colombia and Costa Rica Ascertained for Bipolar Disorder. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006046. [PMID: 27176483 PMCID: PMC4866754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The observation that variants regulating gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci, eQTL) are at a high frequency among SNPs associated with complex traits has made the genome-wide characterization of gene expression an important tool in genetic mapping studies of such traits. As part of a study to identify genetic loci contributing to bipolar disorder and other quantitative traits in members of 26 pedigrees from Costa Rica and Colombia, we measured gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from 786 pedigree members. The study design enabled us to comprehensively reconstruct the genetic regulatory network in these families, provide estimates of heritability, identify eQTL, evaluate missing heritability for the eQTL, and quantify the number of different alleles contributing to any given locus. In the eQTL analysis, we utilize a recently proposed hierarchical multiple testing strategy which controls error rates regarding the discovery of functional variants. Our results elucidate the heritability and regulation of gene expression in this unique Latin American study population and identify a set of regulatory SNPs which may be relevant in future investigations of complex disease in this population. Since our subjects belong to extended families, we are able to compare traditional kinship-based estimates with those from more recent methods that depend only on genotype information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B. Peterson
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Service
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anna J. Jasinska
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fuying Gao
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ivette Zelaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Terri M. Teshiba
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rita M. Cantor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Victor I. Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Macaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI)), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Mood Disorders Program, Hospital San Vicente Fundacion, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marina Bogomolov
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoav Benjamini
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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50
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Expanding the phenotype half of the genotype-phenotype space. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1477-9. [PMID: 26825113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525363113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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