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Sun X, Zang YS, Xu Y, Wang W. Assessment of the humoral immune status of varicella-zoster virus in patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1470068. [PMID: 39301486 PMCID: PMC11410609 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1470068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse connective tissue diseases (DCTDs) require long-term immunosuppressive treatment, increasing the risk of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. This study aims to evaluate the humoral immune status against VZV in DCTD patients and explore factors that may influence their immune levels. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study that collected data from adult DCTD patients (≥18 years) attending our outpatient clinic. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of VZV-specific IgG antibodies in the patients' sera was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A total of 280 RA patients, 272 SLE + MCTD patients and 280 healthy controls were included. SLE + MCTD patients had significantly higher VZV IgG antibody levels than RA patients (p < 0.05) but showed no significant difference compared to healthy controls (p > 0.05). Notable differences were observed particularly among female patients and those aged 30-49 years, (p < 0.05). SLE + MCTD patients in an active disease state had significantly higher VZV IgG antibody titers than RA patients (p < 0.05). Additionally, patients with a history of herpes zoster, regardless of being in the SLE + MCTD, RA, or control group, exhibited higher VZV IgG titers (p < 0.05). Conclusion Although DCTD patients, particularly those with SLE and MCTD, exhibit higher VZV IgG antibody levels, they still face a higher risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ), which may be related to their underlying disease and immunosuppressive treatment. The presence of antibodies alone may not provide complete protection, necessitating consideration of cellular immune mechanisms. It is recommended to enhance monitoring of VZV antibody levels in high-risk patients and consider herpes zoster vaccination to reduce HZ-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-Shan Zang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
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Cito A, Fornaro M, Carenza A, Anelli MG, Scioscia C, Iannone F, Lopalco G. Turning the Tide against Herpes Zoster in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with JAK Inhibitors. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4423. [PMID: 39124690 PMCID: PMC11313145 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of Herpes Zoster (HZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), and to predict potential risk factors for HZ development. Methods: We retrospectively analysed medical records from RA patients at our rheumatology unit who met the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for RA and were receiving JAKi. The incidence and course of HZ were assessed through chart review and supplementary phone interviews. Results: A total of 198 JAKi-treated patients were monitored for an average of 18.5 months. Nine subjects experienced HZ, resulting in an incidence of 2.95 per 100 patient-years. No demographic or treatment-related differences were found among patients who developed HZ and those who did not. Disease duration (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12), time on JAKi treatment (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.009-1.073), higher disease activity at JAKi initiation (OR: 4.16, 95% CI: 1.07-16.17), and at 3-month follow-up (OR: 6.0, 95% CI: 1.35-26.60) were identified as predictors of HZ occurrence. Thirty-six patients received vaccination against HZ, and none reported adverse reactions or flare-ups during a mean follow-up of 9.6 months. Conclusions: The incidence of HZ aligns with published data, suggesting that disease and treatment duration, as well as disease activity, are significant predictors of HZ in RA patients on JAKi therapy. Vaccination against HZ proved to be safe and effective, underscoring its potential protective value in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Lopalco
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (M.G.A.); (C.S.); (F.I.)
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3
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Sen R, Riofrio M, Singh JA. A narrative review of the comparative safety of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:687-714. [PMID: 38695151 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2348575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have improved the outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DMARDs are classified into three categories: conventional synthetic DMARDs, biological DMARDs (including biosimilars), and targeted synthetic DMARDs. DMARDs, by way of their effect on the immune system, are associated with increased risk of adverse events, including infections, malignancies, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal perforations, and other less common events. AREAS COVERED In this narrative literature review performed with searches of the PubMed database from 1 January 2010 through 1 January 2023, we compare the risk of safety events between DMARDs using data from both randomized clinical trials and observational studies. EXPERT OPINION DMARD use in RA is associated with higher rates of serious infections, tuberculosis reactivation, opportunistic infections, and possibly malignancies. Specific biologic DMARDs and higher doses are associated with elevated risks of various adverse events (gastrointestinal perforations, thromboembolism, serious infection). Shared decision-making is paramount when choosing a treatment regimen for patients based on their own comorbidities. JAKi are the newest class of medications used for RA with robust safety data provided in clinical trials. However, more real-world evidence and phase-IV pharmacovigilance data are needed to better understand comparative safety profile of DMARDs in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhin Sen
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medicine/Rheumatology Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maria Riofrio
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medicine/Rheumatology Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Domínguez-Casas LC, Lasa-Teja C, Ferraz-Amaro I, Castañeda S, Blanco R. Increased Risk of Herpes Zoster in Rheumatoid Arthritis Not Only Due to JAK Inhibitors-Study of 392 Patients from Single University Center. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3121. [PMID: 38892832 PMCID: PMC11172981 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of infection. Their risk of presenting herpes zoster (HZ) is 1.5-2 times higher than immunocompetent individuals and disseminated presentation is more frequent. Our aim was to analyze the prevalence and general features of HZ in RA patients. Methods: This was a prospective study of 392 RA patients included in the vaccination program of our hospital between 2011 and 2016, and follow-up continued until December 2020. A diagnosis of HZ was made according to clinical manifestations: skin rash, blisters, paresthesia, and local pain in one or more dermatomes. Results: We studied 392 participants (309 women/83 men), mean age 59 ± 13 years. Every patient was followed-up over a mean period of 137 ± 110 months (range: 42 months-42 years). HZ infection was observed in 30 of 392 (25 women/5 men) patients, age (mean ± SD) 64.7 ± 11.8 years. Prevalence was 7.65% in this period and the incidence rate was 13.22/1000 patients/year. Three patients had facial involvement, one had optic involvement, and one patient presented disseminated HZ. Seven patients presented post herpetic neuralgia treated with gabapentinoids. The main features of RA of these 30 patients were: positive RF (n = 17; 56.6%), positive anti-CCP (n = 13; 43.3%), and erosive disease (n = 10; 33.3%). At HZ infection, the treatments were glucocorticoids (n = 19; 63.3%), conventional DMARDs (n = 15; 50%), biological DMARDs (n = 15; 50%), tofacitinib (n = 2; 6.6%), and upadacitinib (n = 1; 3.3%). Conclusions: HZ is a relatively frequent viral complication in RA patients. In our series, one patient presented disseminated HZ and nearly 25% of patients had post-herpetic neuralgia. Including a HZ vaccine in our vaccination program for RA patients may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Lasa-Teja
- Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
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Chastain DB, Spradlin M, Ahmad H, Henao-Martínez AF. Unintended Consequences: Risk of Opportunistic Infections Associated With Long-term Glucocorticoid Therapies in Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:e37-e56. [PMID: 37669916 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widespread anti-inflammatory medications used in medical practice. The immunosuppressive effects of systemic glucocorticoids and increased susceptibility to infections are widely appreciated. However, the dose-dependent model frequently used may not accurately predict the risk of infection in all patients treated with long-term glucocorticoids. In this review, we examine the risks of opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients requiring glucocorticoid therapy by evaluating the influence of the glucocorticoid dose, duration, and potency, combined with biological and host clinical factors and concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. We propose strategies to prevent OIs, which involve screening, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and immunizations. While this review focuses on patients with autoimmune, inflammatory, or neoplastic diseases, the potential risks and preventative strategies are likely applicable to other populations. Clinicians should actively assess the benefit-harm ratios of systemic glucocorticoids and implement preventive efforts to decrease their associated infections complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Chastain
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Albany, Georgia, USA
| | - Megan Spradlin
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hiba Ahmad
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Stoltzfus MT, Nguyen K, Freedman Z, Hallan DR, Hong J, Rizk E. Effects of Preoperative Glucocorticoid Use on Patients Undergoing Single-Level Lumbar Fusions: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Registry Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e57197. [PMID: 38681464 PMCID: PMC11056191 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Spinal fusions are gaining popularity as a means of treating spinal deformity and instability from a range of pathologies. The prevalence of glucocorticoid use has also increased in recent decades, and their systemic effects are well-documented. Although commonly used in the preoperative period, the effects of steroids on outcomes among patients undergoing spinal fusions are inadequately described. This study compares the odds of developing complications among patients who underwent single-level lumbar fusions with and without preoperative glucocorticoid use in hopes of establishing more evidence-based parameters for guiding preoperative steroid use. Methods The TriNetX multi-institutional electronic health record database was used to perform a retrospective, propensity score-matched analysis of clinical outcomes of two cohorts of patients who underwent posterior or posterolateral single-level lumbar fusions with and without interbody fusion, those who used glucocorticoids for at least one week within a year of fusion and those who did not. The outcomes of interest were examined within 30 days of the operation and included death, reoperation, deep or superficial surgical site infection (SSI), pneumonia, reintubation, ventilator dependence, tracheostomy, acute kidney injury (AKI), renal insufficiency, pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis (DVT), urinary tract infection (UTI), emergency department (ED) visit, sepsis, and myocardial infarction (MI). Results The odds of developing pneumonia within 30 days of spinal fusion in the cohort that used glucocorticoids within one year of operation compared to the cohort without glucocorticoid use was 0.67 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 0.59-0.69). The odds of requiring a tracheostomy within 30 days of spinal fusion in the cohort that used glucocorticoids within one year of operation compared to the cohort without glucocorticoid use was 0.39 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 0.26-0.60). The odds of reoperation, deep and superficial SSI, and ED visits within 30 days of operation were significantly higher for the same glucocorticoid-receiving cohort, with odds ratios of 1.4 (p=0.003, 95% CI: 1.11-1.65), 1.86 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 1.31-2.63), 2.28 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 1.57-3.31), and 1.25 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 1.17-1.33), respectively. After propensity score-matching, there was no significant difference between the odds of death, DVT, PE, MI, UTI, AKI, sepsis, reintubation, and ventilator dependence between the two cohorts. Conclusion In support of much of the current literature regarding preoperative glucocorticoid use and rates of complications, patients who underwent a single-level lumbar fusion and have used glucocorticoids for at least a week within a year of operation experienced significantly higher odds of reoperation, deep and superficial SSI, and ED visits. However, these patients using glucocorticoids were also found to have lower odds of developing pneumonia, renal insufficiency, and tracheostomy requirement than those who did not use steroids within a year of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason T Stoltzfus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Kenny Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Zachary Freedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - David R Hallan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Elias Rizk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
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7
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Burmester GR, Strand V, Kivitz AJ, Hu CC, Wang S, van Hoogstraten H, Klier GL, Fleischmann R. Long-term safety and efficacy of sarilumab with or without background csDMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3268-3279. [PMID: 36727470 PMCID: PMC10547516 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of sarilumab with/without conventional synthetic (cs)DMARDs in RA. METHODS The analyses evaluated two open-label extensions (OLEs): EXTEND and MONARCH OLE, which included patients from six randomized trials. Patients received sarilumab 200 mg once every 2 weeks (q2w) for at least 264 weeks up to 516 weeks (EXTEND: Sarilumab Monotherapy and Sarilumab + csDMARD groups) or for 276 weeks (MONARCH OLE: Continuation and Switch groups). Primary endpoints included safety, immunogenicity and changes in laboratory parameters. Secondary endpoints included clinical signs and symptoms along with health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) questionnaires. RESULTS The Sarilumab Monotherapy (n = 111), Continuation (n = 165) and Switch (n = 155) groups received sarilumab monotherapy, while the Sarilumab + csDMARD group (n = 1910) received sarilumab in combination with csDMARDs. Incidence of one or more treatment-emergent adverse events was 126 (Sarilumab Monotherapy group), 169 (Sarilumab + csDMARD group), 159 (Continuation group) and 159 (Switch group) events/100 patient-years. Neutropenia was the most common adverse event. Neutropenia was not associated with an increased incidence of infections. Most neutropenia cases normalized on-treatment. Adverse events of special interests, such as malignancies, major adverse cardiovascular events, venous thromboembolism and gastrointestinal perforations, were rare. Immunogenicity was low and not associated with hypersensitivity reactions or discontinuations due to lack or loss of efficacy. Improvements in clinical signs and symptoms and HRQOL, observed during the initial blinded trials, were maintained throughout the OLE assessment period. CONCLUSIONS Long-term sarilumab treatment with/without csDMARDs in patients with RA revealed no new safety findings. Efficacy and HRQOL were maintained or further increased over the open-label assessment period. TRIAL REGISTRATION EXTEND, ClinicalTrials.gov, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01146652, NCT01146652; MONARCH OLE, ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02332590, NCT02332590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vibeke Strand
- Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alan J Kivitz
- Department of Rheumatology, Altoona Center for Clinical Research, Duncansville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Roy Fleischmann
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Metroplex Clinical Research Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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8
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Ogawa L, Beaird OE, Schaenman JM. Risk factors for infection in patients with a failed kidney allograft on immunosuppressive medications. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2023; 3:1149116. [PMID: 37675348 PMCID: PMC10479655 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1149116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with a failing kidney allograft are often continued on immunosuppression (IS) to preserve residual kidney function and prevent allosensitization. It has been previously accepted that maintaining patients on immunosuppressive therapy results in an increased risk of infection, hospitalization, and mortality. However, as the management of IS in patients with a failed kidney allograft continues to evolve, it is important to review the data regarding associations between infection and specific immunosuppression regimens. We present a review of the literature of failed kidney allograft management and infection risk, and discuss practices for infection prevention. Fifteen studies, published from 1995 to 2022, which investigated the experience of patients with failed allograft and infection, were identified. Infection was most commonly documented as a general event, but when specified, included infections caused by Candida, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Aspergillus. In addition, the definition of reduced "IS" varied from decreased doses of a triple drug regimen to monotherapy, whereas others did not specify which medications patients were receiving. Despite attempts at lowering net immunosuppression, patients with failed allografts remain at risk of acquiring opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections. Although opportunistic infections secondary to IS are expected, somewhat surprisingly, it appears that the greatest risk of infection may be related to complications of dialysis. Therefore, mitigating strategies, such as planning for an arteriovenous (AV) fistula over a hemodialysis catheter placement, may reduce infection risk. Additional studies are needed to provide more information regarding the types and timing of infection in the setting of a failed kidney allograft. In addition, more data are needed regarding specific medications, doses, and timing of taper of IS to guide future patient management and inform strategies for infection surveillance and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna M. Schaenman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Mok CC, Ho LY, Tse SM, Chan KL, To CH. Prevalence and risk factors of herpes zoster infection in patients with rheumatic diseases not receiving biologic or targeted therapies. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:1019-1026. [PMID: 36385600 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to study the prevalence and risk factors of herpes zoster (HZ) infection in patients with rheumatic diseases. METHODS Consecutive patients with rheumatic diseases not receiving biologic/targeted DMARDs who attended our rheumatology clinics between March and August 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Episodes of HZ infection since their first clinic attendance were identified. Laboratory results (total white cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum albumin, globulin, and creatinine) and use of immunosuppressive medications were compared between those with (preceding infection) and without (preceding last visit) HZ infection. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the first HZ infection in all patients. RESULTS 1,479 patients were studied (88.3% women, age 45.0 ± 15.8 years). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (38.7%) and rheumatoid arthritis (28.3%) were the commonest rheumatic diseases. After a follow-up of 14,715 patient-years (9.9 ± 7.0 years), 219 (14.8%) patients developed 258 episodes of HZ infection, giving an overall prevalence of 1.75/100-patient years. The prevalence rates of HZ were highest in SLE and inflammatory myopathies (2.54 and 2.58 per 100 patient-years, respectively). Patients who experienced HZ reactivation were younger, more likely to have SLE, and had significantly lower serum albumin/globulin levels but higher NLR. Significantly more patients with HZ reactivation were using prednisolone and other immunosuppressive drugs in the visits preceding HZ infection. The cumulative risk of having HZ reactivation at 24 and 48 months was 4.9% and 7.6%, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that a diagnosis of SLE, increasing age, higher NLR, use of cyclophosphamide, and increasing doses of prednisolone, azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine and leflunomide were independently associated with HZ infection. CONCLUSIONS Reactivation of HZ is fairly common in patients with rheumatic diseases. Underlying SLE, age, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and immunosuppressive therapies are independent risk factors. Key Points • Herpes zoster (HZ) infection is fairly common in patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing conventional DMARD or immunosuppressive therapies. • Underlying SLE, increasing age, higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and increasing dosages of immunosuppressive drugs are independent risk factors. • Patients with rheumatic diseases, particularly SLE, should be encouraged to receive HZ vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Mok
- Departments of Medicine, Tuen Mun and Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Ling Yin Ho
- Departments of Medicine, Tuen Mun and Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sau Mei Tse
- Departments of Medicine, Tuen Mun and Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kar Li Chan
- Departments of Medicine, Tuen Mun and Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chi Hung To
- Departments of Medicine, Tuen Mun and Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Dlamini ST, Htet KM, Theint ECC, Mayadilanuari AM, Li WM, Tung YC, Tu HP. Herpes Zoster Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Association with Medications Used. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2123. [PMID: 36767490 PMCID: PMC9915285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was associated with the risk of incident herpes zoster (HZ), which might be influenced by medication use by RA patients. We aimed to investigate the association of RA with the risk of incident HZ and how the HZ risk effected by RA medications in CIC RA patients. We conducted an observational study including population-based representative insurance claims data of 19,673 patients with RA and 39,346 matched patients without RA during 1997-2010 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database; we identified 1651 patients with catastrophic illness-certified (CIC) RA and 11,557 matched patients with non-CIC RA. Exploratory analyses assessed the association between RA/CIC RA and risk of incident HZ and its complications. The association of prescribed medications with HZ risk in CIC RA patients was also estimated. The incidence rates of HZ were higher in CIC RA patients and non-CIC RA than in the matched people without RA (21.95 and 14.03 vs. 7.36 events per 1000 person-years, respectively). The adjusted incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) for HZ was 1.74 (1.65-1.84) in RA patients vs. matched non-RA and 1.65 (1.44-1.89) in CIC RA patients vs. non-CIC RA. For HZ complications, RA had a 2.85-fold higher risk than non-RA, and CIC RA had a 1.78-fold higher risk than non-CIC RA. Moreover, in CIC RA patients, prednisolone use was associated with incident HZ risk compared with prednisolone nonuse (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 1.08-2.03); prolonged prednisolone use (approximately 5 years) increased the risk (adjusted odds ratio 2.16, 1.46-3.19). Our results suggested that RA was positively associated with HZ risk, particularly in RA patients with prednisolone use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyaw Moe Htet
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Ei Chue Chue Theint
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tung
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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Mustafa SS. Steroid-induced secondary immune deficiency. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023:S1081-1206(23)00011-X. [PMID: 36681272 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite their widespread clinical use, oral corticosteroids (OCSs) are well known to be associated with a myriad of adverse effects, including immunosuppression. By inhibiting transcription factors and affecting leukocyte function, prolonged OCS use leads to significant CD4 lymphopenia and often a decrease in serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G. Conversely, OCS use has minimal impact on circulating B cell, serum IgM, or serum IgA levels. Although there is a paucity of literature, individuals treated with prolonged OCS seem to typically maintain humoral response to various vaccinations despite hypogammaglobinemia, but this area warrants additional research, especially in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Individuals treated with prolonged OCS use are most at risk for opportunistic infections, especially those with underlying malignancy and history of bone marrow transplant. Risk mitigation strategies to decrease infectious complication with OCS use include limiting the dose and duration of therapy, appropriately completing a full vaccination series, consideration for passive immunization, and prophylaxis against opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahzad Mustafa
- Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, New York; University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
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12
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Chen J, Li F, Tian J, Xie X, Tang Q, Chen Y, Ge Y. Varicella zoster virus reactivation following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: A cross-sectional Chinese study of 318 cases. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28307. [PMID: 36372774 PMCID: PMC9878204 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation has been observed after the administration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRDs) patients are at a higher risk for VZV reactivation for immunocompromised status. The study aimed to investigate the adverse events (AEs), especially VZV reactivation, following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in a Chinese cohort of AIIRD patients. A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted among AIIRD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify potential factors associated with VZV reactivation. 318 AIIRD patients and 318 age and sex-matched HCs who got COVID-19 inactivated vaccines were recruited. The main AIIRDs are rheumatoid arthritis (31.8%) and systemic lupus erythematous (23.9%). Most of patients (85.5%) had stable disease and 13.2% of them had aggravation after vaccination. Compared to HCs, patients had higher rates of rash (p = 0.001), arthralgia (p < 0.001) and insomnia (p = 0.007). In addition, there were 6 (1.9%) AIIRD patients and 5 (1.6%) HCs reported VZV reactivation after the COVID-19 vaccination (p = 0.761). Multivariate logistic regression analysis illustrated that diabetes mellitus (odd ratio [OR], 20.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-396.79; p = 0.044), chronic hepatitis B virus infection (OR, 24.34; 95% CI, 1.27-466.74; p = 0.034), and mycophenolate mofetil (OR, 40.61; 95% CI, 3.33-496.15; p = 0.004) independently identified patients with VZV reactivation. Our findings showed that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccination was safe for AIIRD patients though some patients could suffer from VZV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xi Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yiyue Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yan Ge
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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13
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Yang Q, Fu Y, Zhao F, Li X, Chen Q, Fang L, Jiang Y, Yu Y. Antifungal susceptibility and molecular characteristics of Cryptococcus spp. based on whole-genome sequencing in Zhejiang Province, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:991703. [PMID: 36466641 PMCID: PMC9712201 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.991703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus spp. is a complex species that often causes cryptococcosis, which is one of the most common opportunistic infections in adults living with HIV and has very high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal susceptibility profiles and epidemiological characteristics of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex (CNSC) and the Cryptococcus gattii species complex (CGSC) in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 177 CNSC and 3 CGSC isolates were collected, and antifungal susceptibility was tested by FUNGUS 3 and verified with an E-test. Moreover, multiple classification methods and genomic analyses were performed. The majority of the isolates (96.11%) were C. neoformans (formerly C. neoformans var. grubii) (ST5-VNI-A-α). Our study highlights that most of the patients with cryptococcosis were non-HIV patients in China, and nearly half of them did not have underlying diseases that led to immune insufficiency. Most of the Cryptococcus spp. isolates in this study were sensitive to common antifungal drugs. Two 5-flucytosine (5-FC)-resistant strains were identified, and FUR1 mutation was detected in the 5-FC-resistant isolates. Typing based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) showed better discrimination than that achieved with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and indicated a clear population structure. A phylogenetic analysis based on WGS included more genomic information than traditional classification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Matsuda Y, Mizuno R, Miyajima S, Arakawa S, Kabasawa Y. A Case of Oral Health Management for a Patient with Extensive Ulceration of the Oral Mucosa Due to Herpes Zoster. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112249. [PMID: 36360588 PMCID: PMC9690146 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral ulcers caused by herpes zoster virus infection are commonly encountered in daily clinical practice. However, in rare cases, sepsis or viremia can occur with serious outcomes; hence, these must be managed effectively. Here, we report a case of a patient with extensive ulceration caused by varicella zoster virus infection. Antiviral treatment was started early, and oral health management was started simultaneously, with oral hygiene instructions for pain control. As a result, the patient was able to resume oral food intake and was discharged from the hospital within a week. This case suggested that oral health management comprising supportive care, with the assistance of dentists and dental hygienists, as well as antiviral therapy, are important in the treatment of oral ulcers associated with herpes zoster virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Matsuda
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Oral Health Center, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-4649
| | - Ruriko Mizuno
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Oral Health Center, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan
| | - Saki Miyajima
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Oral Health Center, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Arakawa
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Oral Health Center, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Kabasawa
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Oral Health Center, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan
- Department of Oral Care for Systemic Health Support, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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15
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Chiu HY, Hung YT, Huang SW, Huang YH. Comparative risk of herpes zoster in patients with psoriatic disease on systemic treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221091188. [PMID: 35519434 PMCID: PMC9066628 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous previous studies have examined risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in psoriatic disease; however, the results of these studies are conflicting and the relative risks associated with different treatments remain largely unknown. In this meta-analysis, we examined the relative risk of HZ associated with systemic treatments for psoriatic disease. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant English-language studies published up to April 2021. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. Network meta-analyses (NMA) was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We examined the differences in HZ risk (incidence rate ratio; IRR) between treatments using a random-effects model for direct pairwise comparisons and NMA. The surface under the cumulative ranking area was calculated to rank the HZ risk for each treatment condition. Results: This study analyzed 13 studies including 19 treatment arms involving a total of 443,104 patients with psoriatic disease. Corticosteroids (CS) [IRR, 2.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.59–4.13], a Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi; tofacitinib) (IRR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.03–5.32), infliximab (IRR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.27–4.21), conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) + CS (IRR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.23–4.17), anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) + csDMARDs and/or CS (IRR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.38–3.31), csDMARDs (IRR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.18–2.22), and anti-TNF-α except infliximab (IRR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.13–2.30) were all associated with a significantly higher HZ risk compared to controls. CS treatment possessed the highest HZ risk, followed by infliximab and JAKi (tofacitinib). Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, anti-interleukin-17, -23 or -12/23, phototherapy, and acitretin showed a risk similar to controls without significant differences. Conclusion: The NMA demonstrated CS, infliximab, and JAKi (tofacitinib), and several combination treatments were associated with higher HZ risk in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Differences in HZ risk should be taken into consideration when considering optimal psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu
| | - Yi-Teng Hung
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan
| | - Shi-Wei Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu
| | - Yu-Huei Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
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16
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Song YJ, Cho SK, Kim H, Kim HW, Nam E, Choi CB, Kim TH, Jun JB, Bae SC, Yoo DH, Sung YK. Risk factors for herpes zoster in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with JAK inhibitor: a nested case-control study. RMD Open 2022; 8:e001892. [PMID: 35091461 PMCID: PMC8804703 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis). METHODS We performed a nested case-control study with 1:10 matching for sex and age using single-centre prospective cohorts of patients with RA receiving targeted therapy in Korea. Then we performed conditional logistic regression analyses to determine the risk associated with JAKi use compared with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) use, with adjusting for various factors. We also used logistic regression analysis to identify other risk factors for the development of HZ in JAKi users. RESULTS From a total of 1147 patients, 61 cases and 610 matched controls were selected. In conditional logistic regression analysis, JAKi use did not increase the risk of HZ development (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.70 to 2.61) after adjusting for other factors. Rather, duration of RA less than 10 years (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.97) and having had three or more previous targeted therapies (OR 5.29, 95% CI 1.45 to 19.31) were risk factors for HZ. Among JAKi users, higher disease activity score 28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.97) was identified as a risk factor in addition to three or more previous targeted therapies (OR 10.12, 95% CI 1.92 to 53.49). CONCLUSIONS The number of previous targeted therapies, but not JAKi use, was identified as a risk factor for HZ development in Korean patients with RA in a real-world setting. High disease activity was an additional risk factor for JAKi users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jin Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Soo-Kyung Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyoungyoung Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eunwoo Nam
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chan-Bum Choi
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jae-Bum Jun
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Dae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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17
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Qian J, Banks E, Macartney K, Heywood AE, Lassere MN, Liu B. Corticosteroid Use and Risk of Herpes Zoster in a Population-Based Cohort. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2843-2853. [PMID: 34736610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between corticosteroid use and herpes zoster risk. METHODS With data from a large cohort of adults (the 45 and Up Study) recruited between 2006 and 2009 and linked to health data sets, the effect of corticosteroid use on zoster risk was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, sex, and other characteristics. RESULTS During 602,152 person-years (median, 7.36 years) of follow-up, there were 20,048 new systemic corticosteroid users and 6294 incident herpes zoster events among 94,677 participants (zoster incidence, 11.0 per 1000 person-years). Compared with nonusers, the risk of zoster was 59% higher in those using systemic corticosteroids (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.71) and greater with higher cumulative doses: aHR of 1.32 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.48), 1.74 (95% CI, 1.55 to 1.95), and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.61 to 2.02) for use of less than 500 mg, 500 mg to less than 1000 mg, and 1000 mg or more prednisolone equivalents, respectively (P value for trend, <.001). Compared with nonusers, zoster risk increased significantly (aHR, 6.00; 95% CI, 4.85 to 7.42) in the month after a single prescription of systemic corticosteroids and returned to levels similar to those in nonusers by the third month after dispensing (aHR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.49 to 1.69). CONCLUSION Practitioners should be alert to the increased risk of zoster among patients taking systemic corticosteroids. Given the significant morbidity from zoster, particularly in older adults, these findings support judicious prescribing of corticosteroids, including using as low a dose and as short a course as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Qian
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Emily Banks
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; The Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristine Macartney
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marissa Nichole Lassere
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Bette Liu
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Yamaguchi R, Tanaka E, Nakajima A, Inoue E, Abe M, Sugano E, Sugitani N, Saka K, Ochiai M, Higuchi Y, Sugimoto N, Ikari K, Yamanaka H, Harigai M. Risk of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the biologics era from 2011 to 2015 and its association with methotrexate, biologics, and corticosteroids. Mod Rheumatol 2021; 32:522-527. [PMID: 34897494 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the incidence and risk factors of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the biologics era. METHODS We determined the rate of HZ occurrence among the RA patients that participated in the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis surveys from 2011 to 2015, by assessing medical records. The standardised incidence rate per 1000 patient-years with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and risk factors for HZ were analysed using a time-dependent Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Among 7815 patients (female, 84.7%) contributing to 25,863 patient-years of observation, 340 HZ events in 309 patients were confirmed. The standardised incidence rate (95% CI) per 1000 patient-years was 8.5 (6.9-10.5) in total, 6.0 (3.7-9.2) in men, and 11.0 (8.7-13.7) in women. Risk factors for HZ were age per 10 years (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.26, p < .05), Japanese version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (J-HAQ) score of 0.5-1.5 (versus J-HAQ = 0; 1.51, 1.09-2.10, p < .05), methotrexate use (1.58, 1.06-2.36, p < .05), and biologic use (1.88, 1.44-2.47, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS In the era when biologics were frequently used and corticosteroid use and doses were decreasing, methotrexate and biologics increased the risk for HZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Yamaguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakajima
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Rheumatic Disease, Mie University Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Administration Center, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Abe
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sugano
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sugitani
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saka
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moeko Ochiai
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Higuchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikari
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Multidisciplinary Management of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Rheumatology, Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Thomas K, Lazarini A, Kaltsonoudis E, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA, Repa A, Sali AMI, Sidiropoulos P, Tsatsani P, Gazi S, Evangelia A, Boki KA, Katsimbri P, Boumpas D, Fragkiadaki K, Tektonidou MG, Sfikakis PP, Karagianni K, Sakkas LI, Grika EP, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Evangelatos G, Iliopoulos A, Dimitroulas T, Garyfallos A, Melissaropoulos K, Georgiou P, Areti M, Georganas C, Vounotrypidis P, Georgiopoulos G, Kitas GD, Vassilopoulos D. Incidence, risk factors and validation of the RABBIT score for serious infections in a cohort of 1557 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2223-2230. [PMID: 33295627 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Predicting serious infections (SI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is crucial for the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Here we aimed to identify risk factors for SI and to validate the RA Observation of Biologic Therapy (RABBIT) risk score in real-life settings. METHODS A multi-centre, prospective, RA cohort study in Greece. Demographics, disease characteristics, treatments and comorbidities were documented at first evaluation and one year later. The incidence of SI was recorded and compared with the expected SI rate using the RABBIT risk score. RESULTS A total of 1557 RA patients were included. During follow-up, 38 SI were recorded [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 2.3/100 patient-years]. Patients who developed SI had longer disease duration, higher HAQ at first evaluation and were more likely to have a history of previous SI, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. By multivariate analysis, longer disease duration (IRR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.005, 1.1), history of previous SI (IRR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.7, 10.1), diabetes (IRR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.06, 6.14), chronic lung disease (IRR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.35, 7.27) and daily prednisolone dose ≥10 mg (IRR: 4.77; 95% CI: 1.47, 15.5) were independent risk factors for SI. Using the RABBIT risk score in 1359 patients, the expected SI incidence rate was 1.71/100 patient-years, not different from the observed (1.91/100 patient-years; P = 0.97). CONCLUSION In this large real-life, prospective study of RA patients, the incidence of SI was 2.3/100 patient-years. Longer disease duration, history of previous SI, comorbidities and high glucocorticoid dose were independently associated with SI. The RABBIT score accurately predicted SI in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Thomas
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyro Lazarini
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Argyro Repa
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pelagia Katsimbri
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Boumpas
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Fragkiadaki
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Tektonidou
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Lazaros I Sakkas
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleftheria P Grika
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George D Kitas
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Rheumatology Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vassilopoulos
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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20
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Ryu HJ, Han JO, Lee SA, Seo MR, Choi HJ, Ko KP, Baek HJ. Risk factors for herpes zoster in patients with rheumatic diseases: a nationwide cohort study in Korea. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2427-2433. [PMID: 33232486 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors for herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with rheumatic diseases in Korea. METHODS We used the nationwide database of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service to analyse patients aged ≥20 years who had visited a hospital more than twice for rheumatic disease as a principal diagnosis from January 2009 to April 2013. HZ was identified using HZ-related Korean Standard Classification of Diseases 6 (KCD-6) codes and the prescription of antiviral agents. The relationship between demographics, comorbidities and medications and HZ risk was analysed by Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS HZ developed in 1869 patients. In Cox proportional hazards models, female sex but not age showed an increased adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for HZ. Comorbidities such as haematologic malignancies, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic lung and liver diseases led to an increased HR. HZ risk was higher in patients with SLE (HR: 4.29, 95% CI: 3.49, 5.27) and Behçet's syndrome (BS, HR: 4.54; 95% CI: 3.66, 5.64) than with RA. The use of conventional DMARDs, immunosuppressants, TNF inhibitors, glucocorticoids and NSAIDs increased the HR. Infliximab and glucocorticoids (equivalent prednisolone dose >15 mg/day) produced the highest HZ risk (HR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.72, 4.89; HR: 2.85, 95% CI: 2.15, 3.77, respectively). CONCLUSION Female sex, comorbidities and medications increased HZ risk in patients with rheumatic diseases and even young patients could develop HZ. Compared with RA, SLE and BS are stronger HZ risk factors. Patients with rheumatic diseases and these risk factors are potential target populations for HZ vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Ryu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon
| | - Jin-Ok Han
- Gyeonggi Public Health Policy Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon
| | - Mi Ryoung Seo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon
| | - Hyo Jin Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon
| | - Kwang-Pil Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Han Joo Baek
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon
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21
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Humoral Immunity to Varicella Zoster Virus in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared to Healthy Controls. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040325. [PMID: 33915820 PMCID: PMC8067210 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of herpes zoster (HZ) is high in patients with rheumatic diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) doubles the risk for developing HZ. However, little is known about natural humoral immunity against varicella zoster virus (VZV) in patients with SLE. Hence, we compared VZV IgG antibody concentrations in a group of SLE patients with healthy controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: n = 56 patients with SLE, n = 54 patients with RA, and n = 56 healthy controls were included in this study. The VZV IgG antibody concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody concentrations were compared between the groups. Results: Overall IgG antibody titers for VZV in SLE patients were comparable to healthy controls but higher when compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (p = 0.0012). In consequence, antibody levels in controls were higher than in RA patients (p = 0.0097). Stratification by age revealed highest titers among SLE patients in the fourth life decade (p = 0.03 for controls, p = 0.0008 for RA patients) whereas RA patients in their sixth decade had the lowest antibody concentration (p = 0.03 for controls, p = 0.04 for SLE patients). Regarding the individual HZ history, antibody levels of SLE patients with a positive history exceeded all other groups. Conclusions: Although humoral VZV immunity in SLE patients is comparable to healthy controls it seems to be pronounced in young SLE patients between 30 and 39. The lowest VZV IgG levels were found in RA patients. HZ seems to induce antibody production, particularly in patients with SLE. Immunological processes might contribute to VZV antibody levels in SLE patients, but further investigations are needed to substantiate this hypothesis. Even though the increased HZ prevalence seems to be independent of humoral immunity in SLE patients, reduced humoral immunity might contribute to HZ in RA patients. The available HZ subunit vaccination might be an appropriate way to reduce the HZ risk in patients with rheumatic diseases.
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22
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Makalish TP, Golovkin IO, Oberemok VV, Laikova KV, Temirova ZZ, Serdyukova OA, Novikov IA, Rosovskyi RA, Gordienko AI, Zyablitskaya EY, Gafarova EA, Yurchenko KA, Fomochkina II, Kubyshkin AV. Anti-Rheumatic Effect of Antisense Oligonucleotide Cytos-11 Targeting TNF-α Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031022. [PMID: 33498456 PMCID: PMC7864158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The urgency of the search for inexpensive and effective drugs with localized action for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis continues unabated. In this study, for the first time we investigated the Cytos-11 antisense oligonucleotide suppression of TNF-α gene expression in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant. Cytos-11 has been shown to effectively reduce peripheral blood concentrations of TNF-α, reduce joint inflammation, and reduce pannus development. The results achieved following treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide Cytos-11 were similar to those of adalimumab (Humira®); they also compared favorably with those results, which provides evidence of the promise of drugs based on antisense technologies in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana P. Makalish
- Medical Academy Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia; (T.P.M.); (Z.Z.T.); (A.I.G.); (E.Y.Z.); (E.A.G.); (K.A.Y.); (I.I.F.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Ilya O. Golovkin
- Medical Academy Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia; (T.P.M.); (Z.Z.T.); (A.I.G.); (E.Y.Z.); (E.A.G.); (K.A.Y.); (I.I.F.); (A.V.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.O.G); (V.V.O.); Tel.: +7-978-814-68-66 (V.V.O.)
| | - Volodymyr V. Oberemok
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Av. 4, 295007 Simferopol, Russia; (K.V.L.); (O.A.S.); (I.A.N.); (R.A.R.)
- Nikita Botanical Gardens—National Scientific Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, 298648, Simferopol, Russia
- Correspondence: (I.O.G); (V.V.O.); Tel.: +7-978-814-68-66 (V.V.O.)
| | - Kateryna V. Laikova
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Av. 4, 295007 Simferopol, Russia; (K.V.L.); (O.A.S.); (I.A.N.); (R.A.R.)
- Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, 295005 Simferopol, Russia
| | - Zenure Z. Temirova
- Medical Academy Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia; (T.P.M.); (Z.Z.T.); (A.I.G.); (E.Y.Z.); (E.A.G.); (K.A.Y.); (I.I.F.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Olesya A. Serdyukova
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Av. 4, 295007 Simferopol, Russia; (K.V.L.); (O.A.S.); (I.A.N.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Ilya A. Novikov
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Av. 4, 295007 Simferopol, Russia; (K.V.L.); (O.A.S.); (I.A.N.); (R.A.R.)
- Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, 295005 Simferopol, Russia
| | - Roman A. Rosovskyi
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Av. 4, 295007 Simferopol, Russia; (K.V.L.); (O.A.S.); (I.A.N.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Andrey I. Gordienko
- Medical Academy Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia; (T.P.M.); (Z.Z.T.); (A.I.G.); (E.Y.Z.); (E.A.G.); (K.A.Y.); (I.I.F.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Evgeniya Yu. Zyablitskaya
- Medical Academy Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia; (T.P.M.); (Z.Z.T.); (A.I.G.); (E.Y.Z.); (E.A.G.); (K.A.Y.); (I.I.F.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Elvina A. Gafarova
- Medical Academy Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia; (T.P.M.); (Z.Z.T.); (A.I.G.); (E.Y.Z.); (E.A.G.); (K.A.Y.); (I.I.F.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Kseniya A. Yurchenko
- Medical Academy Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia; (T.P.M.); (Z.Z.T.); (A.I.G.); (E.Y.Z.); (E.A.G.); (K.A.Y.); (I.I.F.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Iryna I. Fomochkina
- Medical Academy Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia; (T.P.M.); (Z.Z.T.); (A.I.G.); (E.Y.Z.); (E.A.G.); (K.A.Y.); (I.I.F.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Anatoly V. Kubyshkin
- Medical Academy Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia; (T.P.M.); (Z.Z.T.); (A.I.G.); (E.Y.Z.); (E.A.G.); (K.A.Y.); (I.I.F.); (A.V.K.)
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23
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Cugley DR, Darby J, Lim LL. Tofacitinib-associated cytomegalovirus retinitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:e35-e37. [PMID: 31990341 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dean R Cugley
- Ocular Inflammatory Clinic, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Darby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndell L Lim
- Ocular Inflammatory Clinic, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Trial Research Centre, Centre for Eye Research, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Corticosteroids Contribute to Serious Adverse Events Following Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccination and Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010023. [PMID: 33418856 PMCID: PMC7825138 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids, when given in high dosages, have long been recognized as a risk factor for severe infection with wild-type varicella-zoster virus in both children and adults. The goal of this review is to assess the degree to which both low-dosage and high-dosage corticosteroids contribute to serious adverse events (SAEs) following live varicella vaccination and live zoster vaccination. To this end, we examined multiple published reports of SAEs following varicella vaccination (VarivaxTM) and zoster vaccination (ZostavaxTM). We observed that five of eight viral SAEs following varicella vaccination, including two deaths, occurred in children receiving corticosteroids, while one of three fatal viral SAEs following live zoster vaccination occurred in an adult being treated with low-dosage prednisone. The latter death after live zoster vaccination occurred in a 70 year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis, being treated with prednisone 10 mg daily. Thus, corticosteroids contributed to more severe infectious complications in subjects immunized with each of the two live virus vaccines. Further, when we surveyed the rheumatology literature as well as individual case reports, we documented examples where daily dosages of 7.5–20 mg prednisone were associated with increased rates of severe wild-type varicella-zoster virus infections in children and adults.
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25
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Mikuls TR, Johnson SR, Fraenkel L, Arasaratnam RJ, Baden LR, Bermas BL, Chatham W, Cohen S, Costenbader K, Gravallese EM, Kalil AC, Weinblatt ME, Winthrop K, Mudano AS, Turner A, Saag KG. American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Rheumatic Disease in Adult Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Version 3. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:e1-e12. [PMID: 33277981 DOI: 10.1002/art.41596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide guidance to rheumatology providers on the management of adult rheumatic disease in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A task force, including 10 rheumatologists and 4 infectious disease specialists from North America, was convened. Clinical questions were collated, and an evidence report was rapidly generated and disseminated. Questions and drafted statements were reviewed and assessed using a modified Delphi process. This included asynchronous anonymous voting by email and webinars with the entire panel. Task force members voted on agreement with draft statements using a 1-9-point numerical scoring system, and consensus was determined to be low, moderate, or high based on the dispersion of votes. For approval, median votes were required to meet predefined levels of agreement (median values of 7-9, 4-6, and 1-3 defined as agreement, uncertainty, or disagreement, respectively) with either moderate or high levels of consensus. RESULTS Draft guidance statements approved by the task force have been combined to form final guidance. CONCLUSION These guidance statements are provided to promote optimal care during the current pandemic. However, given the low level of available evidence and the rapidly evolving literature, this guidance is presented as a "living document," and future updates are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted R Mikuls
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska and VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sindhu R Johnson
- Toronto Western Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liana Fraenkel
- Berkshire Health Systems, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Turner
- American College of Rheumatology, Atlanta, Georgia
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26
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Seo MR, Kim JW, Park EJ, Jung SM, Sung YK, Kim H, Kim G, Kim HS, Lee MS, Lee J, Hur JA, Chin BS, Eom JS, Baek HJ. Recommendations for the management of patients with systemic rheumatic diseases during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:1317-1332. [PMID: 32972125 PMCID: PMC7652644 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic rheumatic diseases (SRD) are vulnerable for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The Korean College of Rheumatology recognized the urgent need to develop recommendations for rheumatologists and other physicians to manage patients with SRD during the COVID-19 pandemic. The working group was organized and was responsible for selecting key health questions, searching and reviewing the available literature, and formulating statements. The appropriateness of the statements was evaluated by voting panels using the modified Delphi method. Four general principles and thirteen individual recommendations were finalized through expert consensus based on the available evidence. The recommendations included preventive measures against COVID-19, medicinal treatment for stable or active SRD patients without COVID-19, medicinal treatment for SRD patients with COVID-19, and patient evaluation and monitoring. Medicinal treatments were categorized according to the status with respect to both COVID-19 and SRD. These recommendations should serve as a reference for individualized treatment for patients with SRD. As new evidence is emerging, an immediate update will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ryoung Seo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Min Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Medical Humanities, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gunwoo Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeung-Su Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji An Hur
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bum Sik Chin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Sik Eom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Han Joo Baek
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - The Korean College of Rheumatology working group
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Humanities, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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27
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Ramachandran V, Elliott SC, Rogers KL, Cohrs RJ, Weinberger M, Jackson W, Carpenter JE, Grose C, Bonthius DJ. Varicella Vaccine Meningitis as a Complication of Herpes Zoster in Twice-Immunized Immunocompetent Adolescents. J Child Neurol 2020; 35:889-895. [PMID: 32677551 PMCID: PMC7549284 DOI: 10.1177/0883073820938597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus vaccination is recommended for virtually all young children in the United States, Canada, and several other countries. Varicella vaccine is a live attenuated virus that retains some of its neurotropic properties. Herpes zoster caused by vaccine virus still occurs in immunized children, although the rate is much lower than in children who had wild-type varicella. It was commonly thought that 2 varicella vaccinations would protect children against the most serious complication of meningitis following herpes zoster; however, 2 meningitis cases have already been published. We now report a third case of varicella vaccine meningitis and define risk factors shared by all 3 immunized adolescents. The diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid in this third case was verified by amplifying and sequencing portions of the viral genome, to document fixed alleles found only in the vaccine strain. Viral antibody was also detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by confocal microscopy. When compared with the other 2 cases, remarkably all 3 were 14 years old when meningitis occurred. All 3 were treated with intravenous acyclovir, with complete recovery. The adolescent in our case report also had recurrent asthma, which was treated with both prednisone tablets and beclomethasone inhaler before onset of meningitis. When the 3 cases were considered together, they suggested that immunity to varicella-zoster virus may be waning sufficiently in some twice-immunized adolescents to make them vulnerable to varicella vaccine virus reactivation and subsequent meningitis. This complication rarely happens in children after wild-type varicella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Ramachandran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Blank Children’s Hospital, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Stephen C. Elliott
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Blank Children’s Hospital, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Kathie L. Rogers
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Blank Children’s Hospital, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Randall J. Cohrs
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical
Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miles Weinberger
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Iowa Children’s
Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wallen Jackson
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Virology, University of Iowa
Children’s Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John E. Carpenter
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Virology, University of Iowa
Children’s Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Charles Grose
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Virology, University of Iowa
Children’s Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Bonthius
- Division of Child Neurology, University of Iowa Children’s Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Abejón D, Monzón EM, Deer T, Hagedorn JM, Araujo R, Abad C, Rios A, Zamora A, Vallejo R. How to Restart the Interventional Activity in the COVID-19 Era: The Experience of a Private Pain Unit in Spain. Pain Pract 2020; 20:820-828. [PMID: 32969188 PMCID: PMC7536921 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The situation generated in the health system by the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked a crisis involving the necessity to cancel non-urgent and oncologic activity in the operating room and in day-to-day practice. As the situation continues, the need to reinstate attention for patients with chronic pain grows. The restoration of this activity has to begin with on-site appointments and possible surgical procedures. On-site clinical activity has to guarantee the safety of patients and health workers. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to evaluate how to manage activity in pain units, considering the scenario generated by the pandemic and the implications of chronic pain on the immune system and proposed pharmacological and interventional therapies. METHODS Besides the established general recommendations (physical distance, surgical masks, gloves, etc.), we established specific recommendations that will allow patient treatment and relieve the disruption of the immune response. It is important to highlight the use of opioids with the least influence in the immune system. Further, individualized corticoid use, risk assessment, reduced immune suppression, and dose adjustment should take patient needs into account. In this scenario, we highlight the use of radiofrequency and neuromodulation therapies, techniques that do not interfere with the immune response. CONCLUSIONS We describe procedures to implement these recommendations for individual clinical situations, the therapeutic possibilities and safety guidelines for each center, and government recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Abejón
- Pain Management Unit, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Hospital Quirónsalud San José, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M Monzón
- Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tim Deer
- Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, West Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan M Hagedorn
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | | | - Cristina Abad
- Pain Management Department, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rios
- Pain Management Department, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Zamora
- Pain Management Department, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Vallejo
- National Spine and Pain Centers, Rockville, MD, U.S.A.,Psychology Department, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, Illinois, U.S.A
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29
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Seo MR, Kim JW, Park EJ, Jung SM, Sung YK, Kim H, Kim G, Kim HS, Lee MS, Lee J, Hur J, Chin BS, Eom JS, Baek HJ. Recommendations for the Management of Patients With Systemic Rheumatic Diseases During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2020.27.4.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ryoung Seo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Min Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Medical Humanities, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gunwoo Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeung-Su Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian Hur
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bum Sik Chin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Sik Eom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Han Joo Baek
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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30
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Ladani AP, Loganathan M, Danve A. Managing rheumatic diseases during COVID-19. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:3245-3254. [PMID: 32895747 PMCID: PMC7476772 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatology practice, during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has faced multifaceted challenges. Rheumatologists routinely prescribe immunosuppressant medications to their patients with multisystem autoimmune rheumatic diseases who are concerned about the increased risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection and are anxious to know if they should continue or hold these medications. Rheumatologists are often inundated by calls from their patients and physician colleagues caring for COVID-19 patients in hospitals, about how to manage the immunosuppression. Physicians face the challenging task of keeping up with the most up-to-date information on COVID-19. There are uncertainties about the mode of spread, clinical features, management options as well as long-term complications of COVID-19. Data are rapidly evolving and different studies on treatment options are showing contradictory results. It is known that viral illnesses can trigger a flare-up of underlying rheumatic disease that was previously in remission. To further complicate the scenario, some of the immunosuppressants have shown to have antiviral properties. This has created dilemma in the light of current COVID-19 crisis, as whether to continue or stop the immunosuppressive agents which could be essential to prevent complications of the rheumatic diseases including organ failure but also there is concern about acquiring COVID-19 or developing serious infection. Until we get an effective vaccine, immunosuppressant management for rheumatic diseases as well as other autoimmune diseases and transplants will pose difficult questions. This article is an attempt to review and understand COVID-19 and its impact on the immune system with special emphasis on managing medications used for autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We have provided general guidance about decision making, in regards to the immunosuppressive agents used in rheumatology practice with an understanding that this may change in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit P Ladani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, West Virginia University, 600 Suncrest Town Center, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Muruga Loganathan
- Department of Behavior Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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31
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Tihista M, Gu A, Wei C, Weinreb JH, Rao RD. The impact of long-term corticosteroid use on acute postoperative complications following lumbar decompression surgery. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:921-927. [PMID: 32904286 PMCID: PMC7452358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroids have a negative impact on the human immune system's ability to function at an optimal level. Studies have shown that patients on long-term corticosteroids have higher infection rates. However, the rates of infection and other complications following lumbar decompression surgery remains under-investigated. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of preoperative long-term corticosteroid usage on acute, 30-day postoperative complications in a subset of patients undergoing lumbar spine decompression surgery, without fusion or instrumentation. We hypothesize that patients on long-term corticosteroids will have higher rates of infection and other postoperative complications after undergoing lumbar decompression surgery of the spine. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database data from 2005 to 2016. Lumbar decompression surgeries, including discectomies, laminectomies, and others were identified using CPT codes. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate differences among the corticosteroid and non-corticosteroid groups for demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and postoperative complications. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine if long-term corticosteroid use predicts incidence of postoperative infections following adjustment. RESULTS 26,734 subjects met inclusion criteria. A total of 1044 patients (3.9%) were on long-term corticosteroids prior to surgical intervention, and 25,690 patients (96.1%) were not on long-term corticosteroids. Patients on long-term corticosteroids were more likely to be older (p < 0.001), female (p < 0.001), nonsmokers (p < 0.001), and have a higher American Society of Anesthesiologist class (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that long-term corticosteroid usage was associated with increased overall complications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.543; p < 0.001), and an independent risk factor for the development of minor complications (OR: 1.808; p < 0.001), urinary tract infection (OR: 2.033; p = 0.002), extended length of stay (OR: 1.244; p = 0.039), thromboembolic complications (OR: 1.919; p = 0.023), and sepsis complications (OR: 2.032; p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Long-term corticosteroid usage is associated with a significant increased risk of acute postoperative complication development, including urinary tract infection, sepsis and septic shock, thromboembolic complications, and extended length of hospital stay, but not with superficial or deep infection in patients undergoing lumbar decompression procedures. Spine surgeons should remain vigilant regarding postoperative complications in patients on long-term corticosteroids, especially as it relates to UTI and propensity to decompensate into sepsis or septic shock. Thromboembolic risk attenuation is also imperative in this patient group during the postoperative period and the surgeon should weigh the risks and benefits of more intensive anticoagulation measures.
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Key Words
- ACS NSQIP, American College of Surgery National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
- ANOVA, Analysis of Variance
- ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CPT, Current Procedure Terminology
- Complications
- Corticosteroid use
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- ICD, International Classification of Disease
- IDDM, Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
- IL, Interleukin
- LOS, Length of Stay
- Lumbar decompression
- MAC/IV, Monitored Anesthesia Care, Intravenous: NIDDM
- NIDDM, Non-Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
- National surgical quality improvement program
- OR, Odds Ratio
- UTI, Urinary Tract Infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Tihista
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington University, 2300 M St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Alex Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington University, 2300 M St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Chapman Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington University, 2300 M St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Weinreb
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington University, 2300 M St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Raj D. Rao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington University, 2300 M St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
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Mikuls TR, Johnson SR, Fraenkel L, Arasaratnam RJ, Baden LR, Bermas BL, Chatham W, Cohen S, Costenbader K, Gravallese EM, Kalil AC, Weinblatt ME, Winthrop K, Mudano AS, Turner A, Saag KG. American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Rheumatic Disease in Adult Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Version 2. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:e1-e12. [PMID: 32734689 DOI: 10.1002/art.41437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide guidance to rheumatology providers on the management of adult rheumatic disease in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A task force, including 10 rheumatologists and 4 infectious disease specialists from North America, was convened. Clinical questions were collated, and an evidence report was rapidly generated and disseminated. Questions and drafted statements were reviewed and assessed using a modified Delphi process. This included asynchronous anonymous voting by e-mail and webinars with the entire panel. Task force members voted on agreement with draft statements using a 1-9-point numerical scoring system, and consensus was determined to be low, moderate, or high based on the dispersion of votes. For approval, median votes were required to meet predefined levels of agreement (median values of 7-9, 4-6, and 1-3 defined as agreement, uncertainty, or disagreement, respectively) with either moderate or high levels of consensus. RESULTS To date, the task force has approved 80 guidance statements: 36 with moderate and 44 with high consensus. These were combined, resulting in 27 final guidance statements. CONCLUSION These guidance statements are provided to promote optimal care during the current pandemic. However, given the low level of available evidence and the rapidly evolving literature, this guidance is presented as a "living document," and future updates are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted R Mikuls
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska and VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sindhu R Johnson
- Toronto Western Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liana Fraenkel
- Berkshire Health Systems, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Turner
- American College of Rheumatology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract
A sarcoidosis patient may be refractory to corticosteroid therapy. This may be because corticosteroids are ineffective in relieving the sarcoidosis patient's symptoms/dysfunction or because the clinician has determined that the risks of corticosteroids outweigh their benefits. Interestingly, when corticosteroids truly fail to improve a sarcoidosis patient's condition, it is very rarely because of failure of the drug as an anti-granulomatous agent; rather, it is usually because the patient's symptoms were unrelated to active sarcoid granulomas. In this manuscript, we review the causes of corticosteroid refractory sarcoidosis. The clinician should consider these causes when confronted with a sarcoidosis patient who is either not responding to corticosteroids, developing corticosteroid side-effects, or is at significant risk of developing such side-effects. We believe that determining the cause of corticosteroid refractory sarcoidosis may aid the clinicians in optimizing the care of sarcoidosis patients and clinical researchers in appropriately stratifying patients for clinical trials.
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34
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Marinella MA. Routine antiemetic prophylaxis with dexamethasone during COVID-19: Should oncologists reconsider? J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 26:1482-1485. [PMID: 32507102 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220931921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19) has caused unprecedented strain on the global healthcare system, causing thousands of deaths worldwide. Patients with underlying conditions such as cancer are at substantial risk of acquiring and dying from this novel coronavirus. Numerous reports have shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes depletion of B- and T-lymphocytes, including CD4 and CD8 T-cells, and is associated with severe illness and death and that patients with higher lymphocyte levels may have better outcomes. Dexamethasone, a widely prescribed antiemetic for acute and delayed nausea and vomiting from a variety of cancer drugs, causes B and T cell depletion, which may augment immunosuppression. Since it seems that lymphocytes are vital in the immune response to novel coronavirus, oncologists should reconsider the routine use of prophylactic dexamethasone in uninfected patients, to avoid inducing lymphopenia, which may increase risk of infection or lead to inferior outcomes if a cancer patient subsequently becomes infected. Since many cancer drugs and malignant diseases inherently cause lymphopenia, further reduction of lymphocytes with dexamethasone should be avoided if possible and if safe and effective alternative antiemetics are available during the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Marinella
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wright Stat e University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
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35
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Mikuls TR, Johnson SR, Fraenkel L, Arasaratnam RJ, Baden LR, Bermas BL, Chatham W, Cohen S, Costenbader K, Gravallese EM, Kalil AC, Weinblatt ME, Winthrop K, Mudano AS, Turner A, Saag KG. American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Rheumatic Disease in Adult Patients During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Version 1. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1241-1251. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ted R. Mikuls
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska and VA Nebraska–Western Iowa Health Care System Omaha Nebraska
| | - Sindhu R. Johnson
- Toronto Western HospitalMount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Liana Fraenkel
- Berkshire Health Systems, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and Yale University New Haven Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Turner
- American College of Rheumatology Atlanta Georgia
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36
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Gavrilovic S, Andrijevic A, Mujakovic A, Odeyemi Y, Paralija B, Gajic O. Adjunct corticosteroid treatment in patients with pneumonia: A precision medicine approach. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019; 19:315-320. [PMID: 30640592 PMCID: PMC6868487 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide. While inflammation is critically important in host response to microbial invasion, exaggerated inflammation can damage the lungs, contributing to respiratory failure and mortality. Corticosteroids are effective in reducing inflammation and can also cause immune suppression. Presently, clinicians are unable to reliably distinguish between exaggerated and appropriate immune response and thus cannot rapidly identify patients most likely to benefit from adjunctive corticosteroids. In this review, we propose a biomarker-guided, precision medicine approach to corticosteroid treatment, aimed to give these medications at appropriate dose and time and only to patients who have exaggerated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Gavrilovic
- Intensive Care Unit, Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Gremese E, Alivernini S, Tolusso B, Zeidler MP, Ferraccioli G. JAK inhibition by methotrexate (and csDMARDs) may explain clinical efficacy as monotherapy and combination therapy. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1063-1068. [PMID: 31313387 PMCID: PMC6852123 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru0519-145r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is recognized as the anchor drug in the algorithm treating chronic arthritis (RA, psoriatic arthritis), as well as a steroid sparing agent in other inflammatory conditions (polymyalgia rheumatica, vasculitis, scleroderma). Its main mechanism of action has been related to the increase in extracellular adenosine, which leads to the effects of A2A receptor in M1 macrophages that dampens TNFα and IL12 production and increases IL1Ra and TNFRp75. By acting on A2B receptor on M2 macrophages it enhances IL10 synthesis and inhibits NF-kB signaling. MTX has also been shown to exert JAK inhibition of JAK2 and JAK1 when tested in Drosophila melanogaster as a model of kinase activity and in human cell lines (nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia cell lines). These effects may explain why MTX leads to clinical effects similar to anti-TNFα biologics in monotherapy, but is less effective when compared to anti-IL6R in monotherapy, which acting upstream exerts major effects downstream on the JAK1-STAT3 pathway. The MTX effects on JAK1/JAK2 inhibition also allows to understand why the combination of MTX with Leflunomide, or JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor leads to better clinical outcomes than monotherapy, while the combination with JAK1/JAK2 or JAK1 specific inhibitors does not seem to exert additive clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gremese
- Division of RheumatologyFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCSRomeItaly
- Institute of RheumatologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Division of RheumatologyFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCSRomeItaly
- Institute of RheumatologyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Division of RheumatologyFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Martin P. Zeidler
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical ScienceThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
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38
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Furer V, Rondaan C, Heijstek M, van Assen S, Bijl M, Agmon-Levin N, Breedveld FC, D'Amelio R, Dougados M, Kapetanovic MC, van Laar JM, Ladefoged de Thurah A, Landewé R, Molto A, Müller-Ladner U, Schreiber K, Smolar L, Walker J, Warnatz K, Wulffraat NM, Elkayam O. Incidence and prevalence of vaccine preventable infections in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD): a systemic literature review informing the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with AIIRD. RMD Open 2019; 5:e001041. [PMID: 31673420 PMCID: PMC6803008 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to update the evidence on the incidence and prevalence rates of vaccine preventable infections (VPI) in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) and compare the data to the general population when available. Methods A literature search was performed using Medline, Embase and Cochrane library (October 2009 to August 2018). The primary outcome was the incidence or prevalence of VPI in the adult AIIRD population. Meta-analysis was performed when appropriate. Results Sixty-three publications out of 3876 identified records met the inclusion criteria: influenza (n=4), pneumococcal disease (n=7), hepatitis B (n=10), herpes zoster (HZ) (n=29), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (n=13). An increased incidence of influenza and pneumococcal disease was reported in patients with AIIRD. HZ infection-pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 2.9 (95% CI 2.4 to 3.3) in patients with AIIRD versus general population. Among AIIRD, inflammatory myositis conferred the highest incidence rate (IR) of HZ (pooled IRR 5.1, 95% CI 4.3 to 5.9), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (pooled IRR 4.0, 95% CI 2.3 to 5.7) and rheumatoid arthritis (pooled IRR 2.3, 95% CI 2.1 to 2.6). HPV infection-pooled prevalence ratio was 1.6, 95% CI 0.7 to 3.4 versus general population, based on studies mainly conducted in the SLE population in Latin America and Asia. Pooled prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody in patients with AIIRD was similar to the general population, 3%, 95% CI 1% to 5% and 15%, 95% CI 7% to 26%, respectively. Conclusion Current evidence shows an increased risk of VPI in patients with AIIRD, emphasising that prevention of infections is essential in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Furer
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christien Rondaan
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Heijstek
- Internal Medicine and Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander van Assen
- Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Treant Care Group, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Bijl
- Internal Medicine, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy Agmon-Levin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ferdinand C Breedveld
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raffaele D'Amelio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Maxime Dougados
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Meliha Crnkic Kapetanovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Rheumatology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob M van Laar
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Landewé
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Molto
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karen Schreiber
- Department of Rheumatology, King Christian X's Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Graasten, Denmark.,Department of Thrombosis and Haemophilia, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico M Wulffraat
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ori Elkayam
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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39
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Czekalska A, Majewski D, Puszczewicz M. Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity during biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy. Reumatologia 2019; 57:214-220. [PMID: 31548748 PMCID: PMC6753594 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2019.87616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs target specific components of the immune response related to pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Introduction of biologic therapies has enabled better disease control than conventional drugs and thus a reduction in comorbidity and mortality. However, there is concern about adverse effects of these drugs including infections, cancers and drug-induced autoimmune diseases. Patients undergoing biologic treatment are at small but significant risk of serious infections. The overall risk of malignancies in patients on biologics compared with the general population is not increased, but there is evidence of a higher risk of individual cancers. Surprisingly, biological treatment may induce autoantibody production and, rarely, development of autoimmune diseases. A growing body of literature has evaluated the risk of adverse effects during biologic therapies. This paper outlines adverse effects of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs related to immune system disorders, both immunodeficiency and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czekalska
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Dominik Majewski
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Mariusz Puszczewicz
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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Curtis JR, Xie F, Yang S, Bernatsky S, Chen L, Yun H, Winthrop K. Risk for Herpes Zoster in Tofacitinib‐Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With and Without Concomitant Methotrexate and Glucocorticoids. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 71:1249-1254. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abatacept initiation in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infection: A population-based cohort study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 48:1053-1058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Krasselt M, Baerwald C, Liebert UG, Seifert O. Humoral immunity to varicella zoster virus is altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:2493-2500. [PMID: 31028550 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of herpes zoster (HZ) is high in patients with rheumatologic diseases. The incidence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is at least twice as high as in healthy people. Nevertheless, little is known about humoral immunity against varicella zoster virus (VZV), in particular in patients with RA. We, therefore, aimed to retrospectively compare VZV antibody concentrations in a collective of patients with RA in a German outpatient clinic with age- and sex-matched controls without RA. METHODS We included n = 247 patients with RA from one single university centre as well as n = 250 age- and sex-matched controls from the in-house routine in this retrospective analysis. The concentration of VZV IgG antibody concentration was either available from the records or was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, avidity for specific IgG was analysed for some of the samples. The antibody concentrations have been compared between the two groups. Moreover, a consecutive subgroup analysis after stratification by age was performed. RESULTS A total of 68.4% (n = 169) of the included patients were treated with conventional synthetic DMARDs, either as monotherapy or in combination. Biological originator DMARDs were used in 45.8% (n = 113) of the patients, with the majority (85%, n = 96) of them being on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibiting agents. As the main result of this study, antibody titres for VZV were found to be significantly lower in RA patients compared with healthy controls (p < 0.0001). The observed difference was most pronounced for the older patients being in the sixth and seventh decade. Antibody avidity was high in both groups with a significantly higher avidity among the controls (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS A possible explanation for the low VZV antibody concentration in RA patients might be premature immunosenescence, which most likely also effects the B cell compartment and humoral immunity. This thesis is emphasised by the significantly higher antibody avidity among the controls. The data also suggest that the increased HZ risk is a consequence of a poor humoral immunity. The available HZ vaccinations should contribute to decreasing the elevated HZ risk in RA patients. KEY POINTS • Humoral immunity to varicella zoster virus seems to be reduced in patients with RA. • This impaired immunity might contribute to the increased herpes zoster susceptibility in RA patients. • An accelerated immunosenescence in RA could be causative for this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Krasselt
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, Liebigstr. 20/22, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christoph Baerwald
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, Liebigstr. 20/22, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institute for Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Seifert
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, Liebigstr. 20/22, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Kivitz AJ, Cohen S, Keystone E, van Vollenhoven RF, Haraoui B, Kaine J, Fan H, Connell CA, Bananis E, Takiya L, Fleischmann R. A pooled analysis of the safety of tofacitinib as monotherapy or in combination with background conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in a Phase 3 rheumatoid arthritis population. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018; 48:406-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Schub D, Assmann G, Sester U, Sester M, Schmidt T. VZV-specific T-cell levels in patients with rheumatic diseases are reduced and differentially influenced by antirheumatic drugs. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:252. [PMID: 30413189 PMCID: PMC6235212 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific cellular immunity is essential for viral control, and the incidence of VZV reactivation is increased in patients with rheumatic diseases. Because knowledge of the influence of antirheumatic drugs on specific cellular immunity is limited, we analyzed VZV-specific T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and seronegative spondylarthritis (SpA), and we assessed how their levels and functionality were impacted by disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). A polyclonal stimulation was carried out to analyze effects on general effector T cells. METHODS CD4 T cells in 98 blood samples of patients with RA (n = 78) or SpA (n = 20) were quantified by flow cytometry after stimulation with VZV antigen and the polyclonal stimulus Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), and they were characterized for expression of cytokines (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-2) and markers for activation (CD69), differentiation (CD127), or functional anergy programmed death 1 molecule [PD-1], cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 [CTLA-4]. Results of patients with RA were stratified into subgroups receiving different antirheumatic drugs and compared with samples of 39 healthy control subjects. Moreover, direct effects of biological DMARDs on cytokine expression and proliferation of specific T cells were analyzed in vitro. RESULTS Unlike patients with SpA, patients with RA showed significantly lower percentages of VZV-specific CD4 T cells (median 0.03%, IQR 0.05%) than control subjects (median 0.09%, IQR 0.16%; p < 0.001). Likewise, SEB-reactive CD4 T-cell levels were lower in patients (median 2.35%, IQR 2.85%) than in control subjects (median 3.96%, IQR 4.38%; p < 0.05); however, expression of cytokines and cell surface markers of VZV-specific T cells did not differ in patients and control subjects, whereas SEB-reactive effector T cells of patients showed signs of functional impairment. Among antirheumatic drugs, biological DMARDs had the most pronounced impact on cellular immunity. Specifically, VZV-specific CD4 T-cell levels were significantly reduced in patients receiving TNF-α antagonists or IL-6 receptor-blocking therapy (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas SEB-reactive T-cell levels were reduced in patients receiving B-cell-depleting or IL-6 receptor-blocking drugs (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite absence of clinical symptoms, patients with RA showed signs of impaired cellular immunity that affected both VZV-specific and general effector T cells. Strongest effects on cellular immunity were observed in patients treated with biological DMARDs. These findings may contribute to the increased susceptibility of patients with RA to VZV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schub
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Assmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Urban Sester
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tina Schmidt
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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Sakai R, Kasai S, Hirano F, Harada S, Kihara M, Yokoyama W, Tsutsumino M, Nagasaka K, Koike R, Yamanaka H, Miyasaka N, Harigai M. No increased risk of herpes zoster in TNF inhibitor and non-TNF inhibitor users with rheumatoid arthritis: epidemiological study using the Japanese health insurance database. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:1670-1677. [PMID: 29667330 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is controversial whether the use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) increases the risk of herpes zoster (HZ). We aimed to evaluate the risks of HZ in tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFI) and non-TNFI users with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over 3 years in Japan. METHOD Using the Japanese health insurance database, we assigned patients with at least one RA diagnostic code and one prescription for any DMARDs (RA cases) recorded between January 2005 and December 2013 to the RA group. We randomly selected five age-, sex-, calendar year- and observation length-matched non-RA cases for each RA case (non-RA group), and assessed associations between RA and HZ. To evaluate the risks of HZ in TNFI and non-TNFI users, we conducted a nested case-control study (NCC) in the RA group. RESULTS The RA group (n = 6712) had a significantly higher crude incidence rate of HZ than the non-RA group (n = 33 560) (14.2 vs. 8.3/1000 patient-years), and the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the RA versus non-RA groups was 1.43 (1.17-1.75). The NCC demonstrated that use of TNFI, non-TNFI, methotrexate, or immunosuppressive DMARDs did not increase the risks of HZ. Use of corticosteroid ≥ 5 mg/day conveyed a significant risk of HZ in patients with RA. CONCLUSIONS Rheumatoid arthritis was significantly associated with the development of HZ, and use of corticosteroids ≥ 5 mg/day was identified as a significant risk factor, whereas either TNFI or non-TNFI use were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Sakai
- Division of Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Kasai
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Hirano
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayoko Harada
- Division of Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Kihara
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Waka Yokoyama
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michi Tsutsumino
- Division of Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagasaka
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Koike
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Division of Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Jayashree S, Nirekshana K, Guha G, Bhakta-Guha D. Cancer chemotherapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis: A convoluted connection. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:894-911. [PMID: 29710545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most popular therapeutic strategies to treat cancer. However, cancer chemotherapeutics have often been associated with impairment of the immune system, which might consequently lead to an augmented risk of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Though the accurate mechanistic facets of rheumatoid arthritis induction have not been interpreted yet, a conglomeration of genetic and environmental factors might promote its etiology. What makes the scenario more challenging is that patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at a significantly elevated risk of developing various types of cancer. It is intriguing to note that diverse cancer chemotherapy drugs are also commonly used to treat symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. However, a colossal multitude of such cancer therapeutics has demonstrated highly varied results in rheumatoid arthritis patients, including both beneficial and adverse effects. Herein, we attempt to present a holistic account of the variegated modalities of this complex tripartite cross-talk between cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and chemotherapy drugs in order to decode the sinuous correlation between these two appalling pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jayashree
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Nirekshana
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunjan Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rondaan C, van der Geest KSM, Eelsing E, Boots AMH, Bos NA, Westra J, Brouwer E. Decreased Immunity to Varicella Zoster Virus in Giant Cell Arteritis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1377. [PMID: 29118757 PMCID: PMC5661055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herpes zoster, which can have a major impact on quality of life, results from reactivation of a latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. We hypothesized that giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients are at increased risk of herpes zoster because of treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids and advanced age. Aim of the study, therefore, was to determine cell-mediated and humoral immunity to VZV in patients with GCA, patients with closely related disease polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR; treated with lower doses of glucocorticoids) and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Cell-mediated immunity to VZV was determined by performing interferon-γ (IFNγ) enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine flow cytometry measurements in 11 GCA and 15 PMR patients and in 26 age/sex-matched HCs. Immunoglobulin G antibodies to VZV glycoprotein (VZV-IgG) were measured in serum samples of 35 GCA and 26 PMR patients at different times of follow-up and in 58 age and sex-matched HCs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The number of VZV-specific IFNγ spot-forming cells was significantly lower in GCA patients on treatment, than in age-matched HCs (p = 0.029), but was not different in PMR patients on treatment. Similar levels of VZV-IgG were found in GCA and PMR patients at baseline, compared to HCs. Conclusion The finding of a decreased cell-mediated immunity to VZV, known to be of great importance in defense to the virus, indicates an increased herpes zoster risk in GCA patients compared to an already at-risk elderly population. Herpes zoster vaccination is, therefore, of special importance in GCA patients, and would ideally be administered at time of diagnosis. Interestingly, as VZV was suggested to be the trigger in GCA pathogenesis, similar levels of VZV-IgG were found in GCA patients at time of diagnosis and age-matched HCs, indicating that GCA patients did not experience herpes zoster substantially more often in the months preceding diagnosis than controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christien Rondaan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kornelis S M van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Eelsing
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A Bos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Levin MJ, Bresnitz E, Popmihajlov Z, Weinberg A, Liaw KL, Willis E, Curtis JR. Studies with herpes zoster vaccines in immune compromised patients. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:1217-1230. [PMID: 29053937 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1395703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The active component of the herpes zoster vaccine (ZVL), licensed for people ≥50 years of age, is a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus. ZVL is contraindicated for immune compromised individuals, with limited regard to the degree of immunosuppression. Areas covered: This review evaluates phase I and II and observational studies for ZVL, and published reports of the off-label use of ZVL, for conditions and therapies for which investigators considered the risk-benefit for using ZVL to be favorable. It also discusses exploratory trials of ZVL for additional immune compromising conditions, and summarizes clinical guidelines from many countries and professional societies that are based upon recent investigations. Studies in immune compromised patients of investigational vaccines that do not contain live virus are reviewed. Expert commentary: It is likely that past and ongoing research with ZVL will define immune compromising diseases and/or therapies for which the risk-benefit for using ZVL vaccine is favorable. The main variables to consider in this assessment in immune compromised patients are safety, immunogenicity, protection against herpes zoster, and persistence of protection. Vaccination against herpes zoster prior to suppressing immunity is an important clinical strategy, although efficacy of this approach has not been evaluated in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron J Levin
- a Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | | | | | - Adriana Weinberg
- a Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey R Curtis
- c Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology , University of Alabama , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Disseminated Cutaneous Herpes in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 2017; 24:40. [PMID: 28926459 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Winthrop KL, Curtis JR, Lindsey S, Tanaka Y, Yamaoka K, Valdez H, Hirose T, Nduaka CI, Wang L, Mendelsohn AM, Fan H, Chen C, Bananis E. Herpes Zoster and Tofacitinib: Clinical Outcomes and the Risk of Concomitant Therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1960-1968. [PMID: 28845604 PMCID: PMC5656820 DOI: 10.1002/art.40189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ), and the risk appears to be increased in patients treated with tofacitinib. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether concomitant treatment with conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) or glucocorticoids (GCs) contributes to the increased risk of HZ in RA patients treated with tofacitinib. Methods HZ cases were identified from the databases of 2 phase I, 9 phase II, 6 phase III, and 2 long‐term extension studies of tofacitinib in RA patients. Crude incidence rates (IRs) of all HZ events (serious and nonserious) per 100 patient‐years (with 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) were calculated for unique patients. Within phase III studies, we described HZ rates according to concomitant csDMARD treatment and baseline GC use. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate HZ risk factors across studies. Results Across all studies (6,192 patients; 16,839 patient‐years), HZ was reported in 636 tofacitinib‐treated patients (IR 4.0, 95% CI 3.7–4.4). In most cases (93%), HZ was classified as nonserious, and the majority of patients (94%) had involvement of only 1 dermatome. HZ IRs varied across regions, from 2.4 (95% CI 2.0–2.9) in Eastern Europe to 8.0 (95% CI 6.6–9.6) in Japan and 8.4 (95% CI 6.4–10.9) in Korea. Within phase III studies, HZ IRs varied according to tofacitinib dose, background csDMARD treatment, and baseline use of GCs. The IRs were numerically lowest for monotherapy with tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily without GCs (IR 0.56 [95% CI 0.07–2.01]) and highest for tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily with csDMARDs and GCs (IR 5.44 [95% CI 3.72–7.68]). Age, GC use, tofacitinib dose, and enrollment within Asia were independent risk factors for HZ. Conclusion Patients receiving treatment with tofacitinib and GCs appear to have a greater risk of developing HZ compared with patients receiving tofacitinib monotherapy without GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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