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Cunin CE, Meacham RF, Lee ER, Roh H, Samal S, Li W, Matthews JR, Zhao Y, He M, Gumyusenge A. Leveraging Insulator's Tacticity in Semiconducting Polymer Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39717-39727. [PMID: 39036945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Blending conjugated polymers with insulating matrices is often utilized for engineering extrinsic properties in organic electronics. Semiconductor/insulator blends are typically processed to form a uniformly distributed network of conductive domains within the insulating matrix, marrying electronic and physical properties from individual components. Understanding of polymer-polymer interactions in such systems is thus crucial for property co-optimization. One of the commonly overlooked parameters is the structural configuration of the insulator on the resulting properties, especially the electronic properties. This study investigated how the tacticity of the matrix polymer, among other relevant parameters in play, impacts solid state crystallization in semiconductor/matrix blends and hence the resulting charge transport properties. We found an intricate dependence of the film morphology, aggregation behavior, electronic charge transport, and mixed ionic-electronic coupling properties on the insulator's tacticity. Our experimentally iterative approach shows that for a given application, when selecting semiconductor/insulator combinations, the tacticity of the matrix can be leveraged to optimize performance and vary solid-state structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E Cunin
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rebecca F Meacham
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric R Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heejung Roh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sanket Samal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wenhao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - James R Matthews
- Corning Incorporated, One River Front Plaza, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mingqian He
- Corning Incorporated, One River Front Plaza, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - Aristide Gumyusenge
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Li Y, Dong J, Wu X, Huo B, Liu P, Li B, Guo CY. Elevating Thermoelectric Performance by Compositing Dibromo-Substituted Thienoacene with SWCNTs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35190-35199. [PMID: 38943571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Composites of organic small molecules (OSMs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have drawn great attention as flexible thermoelectric (TE) materials in recent years. Here, we synthesized thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene (TTA) and 2,6-dibromothieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene (TTA-2Br) and compounded them with SWCNTs, obtaining thermoelectric TTA/SWCNT and TTA-2Br/SWCNT composites. The introduction of the electron-withdrawing Br group was found to decrease the highest molecular orbital energy level and bandgap (Eg) of TTA-2Br. As a result, the Seebeck coefficient (S) and power factor (PF) of the OSM/SWCNT composite films were significantly improved. Moreover, suitable energy barrier between TTA-2Br and SWCNTs facilitates the energy filtering effect, which further enhances thermoelectric properties of the 40 wt % TTA-2Br/SWCNT composite film with optimum thermoelectric properties (PF = 242.59 ± 9.42 μW m-1 K-2 at room temperature), good thermal stability, and mechanical flexibility. In addition, the thermoelectric generator (TEG) prepared using 40 wt % TTA-2Br/SWCNT composite films and n-type SWCNT films can generate an output power of 102.8 ± 7.4 nW at a temperature difference of 20 °C. This work provides new insights into the preparation of OSM/SWCNT composites with significantly enhanced thermoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Dong
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P. R. China
| | - Bingchen Huo
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P. R. China
| | - Peiyao Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P. R. China
| | - Cun-Yue Guo
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P. R. China
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Bhardwaj A, Mudasar Hussain C, Dewangan P, Mukhopadhyay P. Naphthalene diimide-Annulated Heterocyclic Acenes: Synthesis, Electrochemical and Semiconductor Properties and their Multifaceted Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400208. [PMID: 38454793 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Acenes and Naphthalene Diimides (NDIs) stand as distinguished classes of organic compounds, each possessing unique and intriguing properties that have garnered significant attention across various scientific disciplines. Acenes, characterized by linearly fused aromatic rings, have captivated researchers due to their diverse electronic structures and promising applications in materials science. On the other hand, NDIs, known for their distinctive electron-accepting properties, exhibit remarkable versatility in fields ranging from organic electronics, supramolecular to spin chemistry. In this review, we navigate through the fascinating realms of both acenes and NDIs before converging our focus on the highly diverse and distinctive subgroup of NDI-annulated heterocyclic acenes. This potentially important subgroup, has emerged as a subject of intense investigation, encapsulating their fascinating synthesis, optical and electrochemical characteristics, and multifaceted applications that span the realms of chemistry, physics, and biology. Through the exploration of their synthetic strategies, unique properties, and diverse applications, this review aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the pivotal role played by NDI-based heterocyclic acenes in contemporary multidisciplinary research and technological innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhardwaj
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ch Mudasar Hussain
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pratik Dewangan
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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4
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Zhu X, Yang L, Pan Y, Yang Y, Ding X, Wan C, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Zhou Q, Wang L, Xiao S. A Three-Dimensional Non-Fullerene Acceptor with Contorted Hexabenzocoronene and Perylenediimide for Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304167. [PMID: 38243781 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Although fullerene derivatives such as [6,6]-phenyl-C61/C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM/PC71BM) have dominated the the photoactive acceptor materials in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) for decades, they have several drawbacks such as weak absorption, limited structural tunability, prone to aggregation, and high costs of production. Constructing non-fullerene small molecules with three-dimensional (3D) molecular geometry is one of the strategies to replace fullerenes in OSCs. In this study, a 3D molecule, contorted hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene tetra perylenediimide (HBC-4-PDI), was designed and synthesized. HBC-4-PDI shows a wide and strong light absorption in the whole UV-vis region as well as suitable energy levels as an acceptor for OSCs. More importantly, the 3D construction effectively reduced the self-aggregation of c-HBC, leading to an appropriate scale phase separation of the blend film morphology in OSCs. A preliminary power conversion efficiency of 2.70 % with a champion open-circuit voltage of 1.06 V was obtained in OSCs with HBC-4-PDI as the acceptor, which was the highest among the previously reported OSCs based on c-HBC derivatives. The results indicated that HBC-4-PDI may serve as a good non-fullerene acceptor for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Xuming Ding
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Chuanming Wan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yun Luo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Wang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
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Cui D, Wang S, Yang X, Xu L, Li F. Fabrication of Ultrafine Cu 2 O Nanoparticles on W 18 O 49 Ultra-Thin Nanowires by In-Situ Reduction for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306229. [PMID: 37922531 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic ammonia synthesis technology is one of the important methods to achieve green ammonia synthesis. Herein, two samples of Cu ion-doped W18 O49 with different morphologies, ultra-thin nanowires (Cu-W18 O49 -x UTNW) and sea urchin-like microspheres (Cu-W18 O49 -x SUMS), are synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. Subsequently, Cu2 O-W18 O49 -x UTNW/SUMS is synthesized by in situ reduction, where the NH3 production rate of Cu2 O-W18 O49 -30 UTNW is 252.4 µmol g-1 h-1 without sacrificial reagents, which is 11.8 times higher than that of the pristine W18 O49 UTNW. The Cu2 O-W18 O49 -30 UTNW sample is rich in oxygen vacancies, which promotes the chemisorption and activation of N2 molecules and makes the N≡N bond easier to dissociate by proton coupling. In addition, the in situ reduction-generated Cu2 O nanoparticles exhibit ideal S-scheme heterojunctions with W18 O49 UTNW, which enhances the internal electric field strength and improves the separation and transfer efficiency of the photogenerated carriers. Therefore, this study provides a new idea for the design of efficient nitrogen fixation photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Fengyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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6
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Shao G, Liu H, Chen L, Wu M, Wang D, Wu D, Xia J. Precise synthesis of BN embedded perylene diimide oligomers for fast-charging and long-life potassium-organic batteries. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3323-3329. [PMID: 38425535 PMCID: PMC10901525 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Replacing the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond with an isoelectronic BN unit is an effective strategy to tune the optoelectronic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, precise control of the BN orientations in large PAH systems is still a synthetic challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a facile approach for the synthesis of BN embedded perylene diimide (PDI) nanoribbons, and the polarization orientations of the BN unit were precisely regulated in the two PDI trimers. These BN doped PDI oligomers show great potential as organic cathodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). In particular, trans-PTCDI3BN exhibits great improvement in voltage potential, reversible capacities (ca. 130 mA h g-1), superior rate performance (19 s to 69% of the maximum capacity) and ultralong cyclic stability (nearly no capacity decay over 30 000 cycles), which are among those of state-of-the-art organic-based cathodes. Our synthetic approach stands as an effective way to access large PAHs with precisely controlled BN orientations, and the BN doping strategy provides useful insight into the development of organic electrode materials for secondary batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Mingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
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7
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Li M, Zhu X, Peng J, Zheng S. Understanding the effects of sulfur di-oxidation and side chain engineering on absorption and fluorescence of oligothiophene: A theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123647. [PMID: 37984117 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Oligothiophene and its derivatives have broad applications in organic electronics because of its stability, easy functionalization, and broad color adjustability, and excellent charge carrier mobility. However, the effects of sulfur di-oxidation and side alkyl chains on the absorption and fluorescence of oligothiophene are still not well understood. In this article, we have applied density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) to study a series of quinquethiophene compounds functionalized with S,S-dioxide and side alkyl chains, which were experimentally synthesized. Through benchmark calculations, we have found a reliable computational method, and successfully reproduced experimental UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra well. Furthermore, the calculated reorganization energy of these molecules could explain the energy differences between absorption and emission spectra. Last but not lease, we also have calculated the fluorescence quantum yield efficiency (Фfl) of two compounds with good planarity in this series, and the trend of calculated values is consistent with experiment. Our work gives an insight to the effects of sulfur di-oxidation and side chain engineering on absorption and fluorescence of oligothiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiping Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaman Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Krishna PUN, Muraleedharan K. Possible NLO response and electrical/charge transfer capabilities of natural anthraquinones as p-type organic semiconductors: a DFT approach. J Mol Model 2024; 30:57. [PMID: 38300376 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent days. There are various types of OSCs, among which small molecules have various inherent benefits. Further research is needed to advance this new kind of material because the field is still developing, and the current focus is on creating small molecules that exist naturally for OSCs. OSCs with nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics offer a significant advantage over others. Thus, this study theoretically investigates naturally occurring anthraquinones such as chrysophanol and rhein as potential OSCs, as well as their NLO properties. The calculated properties include the ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), and bandgap (Eg). The FMO energy levels together with the Eg, IP (8.17-8.53 eV), and EA (1.87-2.44 eV) suggest the semiconductor nature of the studied compounds. The calculated values of reorganization energy (λ) and transfer integrals (V) suggest the p-type character of both molecules. Rhein has the lowest λh (0.19 eV) and Eg (3.28 eV) and the highest Vh, predominantly because of its better p-type character. The polarizability increases due to the presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent, leading to better NLO performance for Rhein, which is supported by its lower LUMO and Eg values. METHODS The studied molecules were optimized with the DFT/B3LYP-GD3/6-31+G(d,p) method using Gaussian 16 software. The crystal structure was simulated with Materials Studio 7.0, and the V values were calculated with the ADF package. The CDD and DOS plots were obtained with the Multiwfn 3.8 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- P U Neenu Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, 673635, Malappuram, India
| | - K Muraleedharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, 673635, Malappuram, India.
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9
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Ren S, Wang S, Chen J, Yi Z. Design of Novel Functional Conductive Structures and Preparation of High-Hole-Mobility Polymer Transistors by Green Synthesis Using Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Strategies. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:396. [PMID: 38337285 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The design of novel acceptor molecular structures based on classical building blocks is regarded as one of the efficient ways to explore the application of organic conjugated materials in conductivity and electronics. Here, a novel acceptor moiety, thiophene-vinyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (TVDPP), was envisioned and prepared with a longer conjugation length and a more rigid structure than thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP). The brominated TVDPP can be sequentially bonded to trimethyltin-containing benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole units via Suzuki polycondensation to efficiently prepare the polymer PTVDPP-BSz, which features high molecular weight and excellent thermal stability. The polymerization process takes only 24 h and eliminates the need for chlorinated organic solvents or toxic tin-based reagents. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations and film morphology analyses verify the planarity and high crystallinity of the material, respectively, which facilitates the achievement of high carrier mobility. Conductivity measurements of the polymeric material in the organic transistor device show a hole mobility of 0.34 cm2 V-1 s-1, which illustrates its potential for functionalized semiconductor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Advanced Materials Platform Laboratory, Zhuhai Fudan Innovation and Science Research Center, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin 519000, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Key Laboratory, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Sichun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Key Laboratory, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Advanced Materials Platform Laboratory, Zhuhai Fudan Innovation and Science Research Center, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin 519000, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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10
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Ren S, Zhang W, Chen J, Yassar A. Theoretical and Experimental Study of Different Side Chains on 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene and Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Derived Polymers: Towards Organic Transistors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1099. [PMID: 38256172 PMCID: PMC10816275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, two polymers of P1 and P2 based on monomers consisting of thiophene, 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) are designed and obtained via Stille coupling polycondensation. The material shows excellent coplanarity and structural regularity due to the fine planarity of DPP itself and the weak non-covalent bonding interactions existing between the three units. Two different lengths of non-conjugated side chains are introduced and this has an effect on the intermolecular chain stacking, causing the film absorption to display different characteristic properties. On the other hand, the difference in the side chains does not have a significant effect on the thermal stability and the energy levels of the frontier orbitals of the materials, which is related to the fact that the materials both feature extremely high conjugation lengths and specific molecular compositions. Microscopic investigations targeting the side chains provide a contribution to the further design of organic semiconductor materials that meet device requirements. Tests based on organic transistors show a slight difference in conductivity between the two polymers, with P2 having better hole mobility than P1. This study highlights the importance of the impact of side chains on device performance, especially in the field of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Guangdong-Macao in-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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11
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Ren S, Zhang W, Wang Z, Yassar A, Chen J, Zeng M, Yi Z. Preparation of Dye Semiconductors via Coupling Polymerization Catalyzed by Two Catalysts and Application to Transistor. Molecules 2023; 29:71. [PMID: 38202654 PMCID: PMC10780007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic dye semiconductors have received increasing attention as the next generation of semiconductors, and one of their potential applications is as a core component of organic transistors. In this study, two novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dye core-based materials were designed and separately prepared using Stille coupling reactions under different palladium catalyst conditions. The molecular weights and elemental compositions were tested to demonstrate that both catalysts could be used to successfully prepare materials of this structure, with the main differences being the weight-average molecular weight and the dispersion index. PDPP-2Py-2Tz I with a longer conjugation length exhibited better thermodynamic stability than the counterpart polymer PDPP-2Py-2Tz II. The intrinsic optical properties of the polymers were relatively similar, while the electrochemical tests showed small differences in their energy levels. The polymers obtained with different catalysts displayed similar and moderate electron mobility in transistor devices, while PDPP-2Py-2Tz I possessed a higher switching ratio. Our study provides a comparison of such dye materials under different catalytic conditions and also demonstrates the great potential of dye materials for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Research Institute of Innovation, Hengqin 519000, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai-Fudan Research Institute of Innovation, Hengqin 519000, China;
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12
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Li M, Yang W, Cheng R, Liu X, Zhang Z, Tian X, Shi Y. Dipyridyl-Fused Quinoxalineimide (DPQI): A Strong Electron-Withdrawing Building Block for n-Type Polymer Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301009. [PMID: 38116900 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of new electron-withdrawing building blocks plays a key role in the development of n-type organic semiconductors. Herein, a strong electron-withdrawing building block, dipyridyl-fused quinoxalineimide (DPQI), was successfully designed and synthesized. Single-crystal structure reveals that DPQI molecule possesses a completely planar backbone, which is beneficial for charge transport. For comparison, dibenzo-fused quinoxalineimide (DBQI) was also synthesized. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels downshift with the incorporation of nitrogen atoms onto the π-conjugated backbone of quinoxalineimide. Two acceptor-acceptor (or all-acceptor) polymers P(BTI-DBQI) and P(BTI-DPQI) based on DBQI and DPQI were synthesized, respectively. Two polymers exhibit deep lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels (~-3.5 eV). Additionally, P(BTI-DPQI) exhibits unipolar n-type charge transport with μe of 1.4×10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the organic field-effect transistors (OFET), which render them highly attractive for developing n-type semiconductors device. This work demonstrates that DPQI is a promising building block for constructing n-type polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Rong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Xuantong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
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13
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Chen J, Zhou J, Li N, Ding Y, Ren S, Zeng M. Novel Divinyl-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer, Based on a Dimerization Strategy for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4546. [PMID: 38232014 PMCID: PMC10707771 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we report a novel acceptor structural unit, TVDPP, that can be distinguished from classical materials based on TDPP structures. By designing a synthetic route via retrosynthetic analysis, we successfully prepared this monomer and further prepared polymer P2TVDPP with high yield using a Stille-coupling polymerization reaction. The polymer showed several expected properties, such as high molecular weight, thermal stability, full planarity, small π-π stacking distance, smooth interface, and so on. The absorption spectra and energy levels of the polymer were characterized via photochemical and electrochemical analysis. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET), which is based on P2TVDPP, exhibited excellent carrier mobility and an on/off current ratio of 0.41 cm2 V-1 s-1 and ~107, respectively, which is an important step in expanding the significance of DPP-based materials in the field of optoelectronic devices and organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
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14
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Chen J, Ding Y, Zhou J, Li N, Ren S, Zeng M. Preparation of Novel Organic Polymer Semiconductor and Its Properties in Transistors through Collaborative Theoretical and Experimental Approaches. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4421. [PMID: 38006144 PMCID: PMC10674425 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymer semiconductors based on donor-acceptor structures are commonly employed as core materials for optoelectronic devices in the field of organic electronics. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel acceptor unit thiophene-vinyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole, named TVDPP, based on a four-step organic synthesis procedure. Stille coupling reactions were applied with high yields of polymerization of TVDPP with fluorinated thiophene (FT) monomer. The molecular weight and thermal stability of the polymers were tested and showed high molecular weight and good thermal stability. Theoretical simulation calculations and 2D grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) tests verified the planarity of the material and excellent stacking properties, which are favorable for achieving high carrier mobility. Measurements based on the polymer as an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) device were carried out, and the mobility and on/off current ratio reached 0.383 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 104, respectively, showing its great potential in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
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15
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Alves AL, Bernardino SV, Stadtlober CH, Girotto E, Farias G, do Nascimento RM, Curcio SF, Cazati T, Dotto MER, Eccher J, Furini LN, Gallardo H, Bock H, Bechtold IH. Charge carrier transport in perylene-based and pyrene-based columnar liquid crystals. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1755-1765. [PMID: 38025088 PMCID: PMC10667716 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron and hole transport characteristics were evaluated for perylene-based and pyrene-based compounds using electron-only and hole-only devices. The perylene presented a columnar hexagonal liquid crystal phase at room temperature with strong molecular π-stacking inside the columns. The pyrene crystallizes bellow 166 °C, preserving the close-packed columnar rectangular structure of the mesophase. Photophysical analysis and numerical calculations assisted the interpretation of positive and negative charge carrier mobilities obtained from fitting the space charge limited regime of current vs voltage curves. The pyrene-based material demonstrated an electron mobility two orders of magnitude higher than the perylene one, indicating the potential of this class of materials as electron transporting layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro L Alves
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Simone V Bernardino
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Stadtlober
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Edivandro Girotto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Giliandro Farias
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodney M do Nascimento
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Sergio F Curcio
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cazati
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta E R Dotto
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliana Eccher
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Leonardo N Furini
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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16
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Behera PK, Yadav K, Patra A, Gupta RK, Rao DSS, Kumar S, Pandey UK, Achalkumar AS. Highly Soluble Ambipolar anti-Perylene-3,4 : 9,10-bis(benzimidazole)s Stabilize a Room-Temperature Columnar Hexagonal Phase. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302187. [PMID: 37529862 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
A new series of highly soluble perylene anti-bis(4,5-dialkoxybenzimidazole)s bearing branched flexible chains stabilizing room temperature columnar hexagonal phase and with balanced ambipolar charge carrier mobility is reported for the first time. Only the anti isomer was successfully separated and characterized. These compounds have a high extinction coefficient, small optical band gap and wide absorption range, thus making them a promising class of ambipolar organic semiconductors capable of self-organizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Kajal Yadav
- Organic & Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, 201314, India
| | - Alakananda Patra
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560080, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - D S Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi Campus, Survey No.7 Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru, 562162, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Upendra Kumar Pandey
- Organic & Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, 201314, India
| | - Ammathnadu Sudhakar Achalkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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17
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Dcosta JV, Ochoa D, Sanaur S. Recent Progress in Flexible and Wearable All Organic Photoplethysmography Sensors for SpO 2 Monitoring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302752. [PMID: 37740697 PMCID: PMC10625116 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable biosensors are the next-generation healthcare devices that can efficiently monitor human health conditions in day-to-day life. Moreover, the rapid growth and technological advancements in wearable optoelectronics have promoted the development of flexible organic photoplethysmography (PPG) biosensor systems that can be implanted directly onto the human body without any additional interface for efficient bio-signal monitoring. As an example, the pulse oximeter utilizes PPG signals to monitor the oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) in the blood volume using two distinct wavelengths with organic light emitting diode (OLED) as light source and an organic photodiode (OPD) as light sensor. Utilizing the flexible and soft properties of organic semiconductors, pulse oximeter can be both flexible and conformal when fabricated on thin polymeric substrates. It can also provide highly efficient human-machine interface systems that can allow for long-time biological integration and flawless measurement of signal data. In this work, a clear and systematic overview of the latest progress and updates in flexible and wearable all-organic pulse oximetry sensors for SpO2 monitoring, including design and geometry, processing techniques and materials, encapsulation and various factors affecting the device performance, and limitations are provided. Finally, some of the research challenges and future opportunities in the field are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostin Vinroy Dcosta
- Mines Saint‐ÉtienneCentre Microélectronique de ProvenceDepartment of Flexible Electronics880, Avenue de MimetGardanne13541France
| | - Daniel Ochoa
- Mines Saint‐ÉtienneCentre Microélectronique de ProvenceDepartment of Flexible Electronics880, Avenue de MimetGardanne13541France
| | - Sébastien Sanaur
- Mines Saint‐ÉtienneCentre Microélectronique de ProvenceDepartment of Flexible Electronics880, Avenue de MimetGardanne13541France
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18
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Campbell AD, Ellis K, Gordon LK, Riley JE, Le V, Hollister KK, Ajagbe SO, Gozem S, Hughley RB, Boswell AM, Adjei-Sah O, Baruah PD, Malone R, Whitt LM, Gilliard RJ, Saint-Louis CJ. Solvatochromic and Aggregation-Induced Emission Active Nitrophenyl-Substituted Pyrrolidinone-Fused-1,2-Azaborine with a Pre-Twisted Molecular Geometry. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2023; 11:13740-13751. [PMID: 38855717 PMCID: PMC11160477 DOI: 10.1039/d3tc03278g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Boron-nitrogen-containing heterocycles with extended conjugated π-systems such as polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines, hold the fascination of organic chemists due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, the majority of polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines aggregate at high concentrations or in the solid-state, resulting in aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) of emission. This practical limitation poses significant challenges for polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines' use in many applications. Additionally, only a few solvatochromic polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines have been reported and they all display minimal solvatochromism. Therefore, the scope of available polycyclic 1,2-azaborines needs to be expanded to include those displaying fluorescence at high concentration and in the solid-state as well as those that exhibit significant changes in emission intensity in various solvents due to different polarities. To address the ACQ issue, we evaluate the effect of a pre-twisted molecular geometry on the optoelectronic properties of polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines. Specifically, three phenyl-substituted pyrrolidinone-fused 1,2-azaborines (PFAs) with similar structures and functionalized with diverse electronic moieties (-H, -NO2, -CN, referred to as PFA 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were experimentally and computationally studied. Interestingly, PFA 2 displays two distinct emission properties: 1) solvatochromism, in which its emission and quantum yields are tunable with respect to solvent polarity, and 2) fluorescence that can be completely "turned off" and "turned on" via aggregation-induced emission (AIE). This report provides the first example of a polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborine that displays both AIE and solvatochromism properties in a single BN-substituted backbone. According to time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) calculations, the fluorescence properties of PFA 2 can be explained by the presence of a low-lying n-π* charge transfer state inaccessible to PFA 1 or PFA 3. These findings will help in the design of future polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines that are solvatochromic and AIE-active as well as in understanding how molecular geometry affects these compounds' optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Kaia Ellis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Lyric K Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Janiyah E Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - VuongVy Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States
| | - Kimberly K Hollister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Stephen O Ajagbe
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Robert B Hughley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Adeline M Boswell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Ophelia Adjei-Sah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Prioska D Baruah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Ra'Nya Malone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Logan M Whitt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, United States
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Carl Jacky Saint-Louis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
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19
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Wolfe KM, Alam S, German E, Alduayji FN, Alqurashi M, Laquai F, Welch GC. A series of perylene diimide cathode interlayer materials for green solvent processing in conventional organic photovoltaics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1620-1629. [PMID: 37915562 PMCID: PMC10616706 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report on the design, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance of four new cathode interlayer (CIL) materials based on bay N-annulated perylene diimides. Starting from the previously reported N-annulated perylene diimide (PDIN-H), the N-position was functionalized with a benzyl and pentafluorobenzyl group to make PDIN-B and PDIN-FB, respectively. Similarly, starting from the previously reported cyanated N-annulated perylene diimide (CN-PDIN-H), the N-position was functionalized with a benzyl and pentafluorobenzyl group to make CN-PDIN-B and CN-PDIN-FB, respectively. The materials exhibit solubility in the green solvent, ethyl acetate, and thus were processed into thin films using ethyl acetate as the solvent. The optoelectronic properties were assessed for both solution and film, and the electrochemical properties were probed in solution. To validate the potential as electron transporting layers, each film was used in conventional OPVs as the CIL with processing from ethyl acetate, while using a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) comprised of PM6:Y6. High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 13% were achieved compared to control devices using the standard PFN-Br CIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shahidul Alam
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eva German
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fahad N Alduayji
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Alqurashi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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20
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Ren S, Ding Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Wang S, Yi Z. Rational Design of Novel Conjugated Terpolymers Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Their Applications to Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3803. [PMID: 37765656 PMCID: PMC10535888 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic polymer semiconductor materials, due to their good chemical modifiability, can be easily tuned by rational molecular structure design to modulate their material properties, which, in turn, affects the device performance. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of materials based on terpolymer structures and applied them to organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) device applications. The four polymers, obtained by polymerization of three monomers relying on the Stille coupling reaction, shared comparable molecular weights, with the main structural difference being the ratio of the thiazole component to the fluorinated thiophene (Tz/FS). The conjugated polymers exhibited similar energy levels and thermal stability; however, their photochemical and crystalline properties were distinctly different, leading to significantly varied mobility behavior. Materials with a Tz/FS ratio of 50:50 showed the highest electron mobility, up to 0.69 cm2 V-1 s-1. Our investigation reveals the fundamental relationship between the structure and properties of materials and provides a basis for the design of semiconductor materials with higher carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Sichun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
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21
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Li Y, Ai L, Luo Q, Wu X, Li B, Guo CY. Compositing Benzothieno[3,2- b]Benzofuran Derivatives with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance. Molecules 2023; 28:6519. [PMID: 37764295 PMCID: PMC10534622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous thermoelectric (TE) composites of organic materials and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been developed in the past decade, most of the research has been related to polymers without much on organic small molecules (OSMs). In this work, benzothieno[3,2-b]benzofuran (BTBF) and its derivatives (BTBF-Br and BTBF-2Br) were synthesized and their TE composites with SWCNTs were prepared. It is found that the highest molecular orbital level and band gap (Eg) of BTBF, BTBF-Br, and BTBF-2Br gradually decrease upon the introduction of electron-withdrawing Br group on BTBF. These changes significantly improve the Seebeck coefficient and power factor (PF) of OSM/SWCNT composites. An appropriate energy barrier between BTBF-2Br and SWCNTs promotes the energy filtering effect, which further contributes to the enhancement of composites' thermoelectric properties. The composites of SWCNTs and BTBF-2Br with the smallest Eg (4.192 eV) afford the best thermoelectric performance with the room temperature power factor of 169.70 ± 3.46 μW m-1 K-2 in addition to good mechanical flexibility and thermal stability. This study provides a feasible strategy for the preparation of OSM/SWCNT composites with improved thermoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baolin Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.L.); (L.A.); (Q.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Cun-Yue Guo
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.L.); (L.A.); (Q.L.); (X.W.)
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22
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Fynbo C, Huss-Hansen MK, Bikondoa O, Gangadharappa C, da Silva Filho DA, Patil S, Knaapila M, Kjelstrup-Hansen J. Structural Study of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivative Thin Films: Influence of Deposition Method, Substrate Surface, and Aging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12099-12109. [PMID: 37587409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the morphology and microstructure of n-dialkyl side-chain-substituted thiophene DPP end-capped with phenyl groups (Ph-TDPP-Ph) thin films and compare the influence of deposition method and substrate surface using thermally oxidized Si and graphene substrates as well as monolayer graphene surfaces with an underlying self-assembled octadecyltrichlorosilane monolayer, complemented by an aging study of spin-coated films over a 2 weeks aging period. A distinct difference in morphology was observed between spin-coated and vacuum-deposited thin films, which formed a fiber-like morphology and a continuous layer of terraced grains, respectively. After an initial film evolution, all combinations of deposition method and substrate type result in well-ordered thin films with almost identical crystalline phases with slight variations in crystallinity and mosaicity. These findings point toward strong intermolecular forces dominating during growth, and the templating effect observed for other oligomer films formed on graphene is consequently ineffective for this material type. Upon aging of spin-coated films, a noticeable evolution involving two different morphologies and crystalline phases were observed. After several days, the thin film evolved into a more stable crystal phase and a fiber-like morphology. Moreover, slight variation in optical spectra were elucidated on the basis on density functional theory calculations. These results demonstrate that thin-film properties of DPP derivatives can be tailored by manipulating the film formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Fynbo
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Mathias K Huss-Hansen
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Oier Bikondoa
- XMaS UK CRG Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | | | - Demetrio Antonio da Silva Filho
- Grupo de Semicondutores Orgânicos, Instituto de Física, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, CP 4478, Brasília 70919-970, DF, Brazil
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Matti Knaapila
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jakob Kjelstrup-Hansen
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
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23
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Wu Z, Liu W, Yang X, Li W, Zhao L, Chi K, Xiao X, Yan Y, Zeng W, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhao Y. An In-Situ Cyanidation Strategy To Access Tetracyanodiacenaphthoanthracene Diimides with High Electron Mobilities Exceeding 10 cm 2 V -1 s -1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307695. [PMID: 37394618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A family of novel highly π-extended tetracyano-substituted acene diimides, named as tetracyanodiacenaphthoanthracene diimides (TCDADIs), have been synthesized using a facile four-fold Knoevenagel condensation strategy. Unlike conventional cyano substitution reactions, our approach enables access to a large π-conjugated backbone with the in-situ formation of four cyano substitutents at room temperature while avoiding extra cyano-functionalization reactions. TCDADIs decorated with different N-alkyl substituents present good solubility, near-coplanar backbones, good crystallinity, and low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies of -4.33 eV, all of which contribute to desirable electron-transport performance when applied in organic field-effect transistors (OFET). The highest electron mobility of an OFET based on a 2-hexyldecyl-substituted TCDADI single crystal reaches 12.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is not only among the highest values for the reported n-type organic semiconductor materials (OSMs) but also exceeds that of most n-type OSMs decorated with imide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chi
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongkun Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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24
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Ren S, Zhang W, Wang Z, Yassar A, Liao Z, Yi Z. Synergistic Use of All-Acceptor Strategies for the Preparation of an Organic Semiconductor and the Realization of High Electron Transport Properties in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3392. [PMID: 37631449 PMCID: PMC10458505 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of n-type organic semiconductor materials for transporting electrons as part of logic circuits is equally important to the development of p-type materials for transporting holes. Currently, progress in research on n-type materials is relatively backward, and the number of polymers with high electron mobility is limited. As the core component of the organic field-effect transistor (OFET), the rational design and judicious selection of the structure of organic semiconductor materials are crucial to enhance the performance of devices. A novel conjugated copolymer with an all-acceptor structure was synthesized based on an effective chemical structure modification and design strategy. PDPPTT-2Tz was obtained by the Stille coupling of the DPPTT monomer with 2Tz-SnMe3, which features high molecular weight and thermal stability. The low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the copolymer was attributed to the introduction of electron-deficient bithiazole. DFT calculations revealed that this material is highly planar. The effect of modulation from a donor-acceptor to acceptor-acceptor structure on the improvement of electron mobility was significant, which showed a maximum value of 1.29 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an average value of 0.81 cm2 V-1 s-1 for electron mobility in BGBC-based OFET devices. Our results demonstrate that DPP-based polymers can be used not only as excellent p-type materials but also as promising n-type materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Guangdong-Macao Deep-Cooperation Zone of Hengqin, Zhuhai 519001, China;
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Zhiting Liao
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Guangdong-Macao Deep-Cooperation Zone of Hengqin, Zhuhai 519001, China;
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Guangdong-Macao Deep-Cooperation Zone of Hengqin, Zhuhai 519001, China;
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25
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He Q, Shaw J, Firdaus Y, Hu X, Ding B, Marsh AV, Dumon AS, Han Y, Fei Z, Anthopoulos TD, McNeill CR, Heeney M. p-Type Conjugated Polymers Containing Electron-Deficient Pentacyclic Azepinedione. Macromolecules 2023; 56:5825-5834. [PMID: 37576475 PMCID: PMC10413964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisthienoazepinedione (BTA) has been reported for constructing high-performing p-type conjugated polymers in organic electronics, but the ring extended version of BTA is not well explored. In this work, we report a new synthesis of a key building block to the ring expanded electron-deficient pentacyclic azepinedione (BTTA). Three copolymers of BTAA with benzodithiophene substituted by different side chains are prepared. These polymers exhibit similar energy levels and optical absorption in solution and solid state, while significant differences are revealed in their film morphologies and behavior in transistor and photovoltaic devices. The best-performing polymers in transistor devices contained alkylthienyl side chains on the BDT unit (pBDT-BTTA-2 and pBDT-BTTA-3) and demonstrated maximum saturation hole mobilities of 0.027 and 0.017 cm2 V-1 s-1. Blends of these polymers with PC71BM exhibited a best photovoltaic efficiency of 6.78% for pBDT-BTTA-3-based devices. Changing to a low band gap non-fullerene acceptor (BTP-eC9) resulted in improved efficiency of up to 13.5%. Our results are among the best device performances for BTA and BTTA-based p-type polymers and highlight the versatile applications of this electron-deficient BTTA unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao He
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Jessica Shaw
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Electronics, National Research
and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Komplek BRIN Jl. Sangkuriang Cisitu, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Xiantao Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Bowen Ding
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Adam V. Marsh
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandre S. Dumon
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Yang Han
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute
of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Heeney
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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26
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Costello A, Duke R, Sorensen S, Kothalawala NL, Ogbaje M, Sarkar N, Kim DY, Risko C, Parkin SR, Huckaba AJ. Hydrogen-Bonding Trends in a Bithiophene with 3- and/or 4-Pyridyl Substituents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24485-24494. [PMID: 37457451 PMCID: PMC10339323 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
To improve the charge-carrier transport capabilities of thin-film organic materials, the intermolecular electronic couplings in the material should be maximized. Decreasing intermolecular distance while maintaining proper orbital overlap in highly conjugated aromatic molecules has so far been a successful way to increase electronic coupling. We attempted to decrease the intermolecular distance in this study by synthesizing cocrystals of simple benzoic acid coformers and dipyridyl-2,2'-bithiophene molecules to understand how the coformer identity and pyridine N atom placement affected solid-state properties. We found that with the 5-(3-pyridyl)-5'-(4-pyridyl)-isomer, the 4-pyridyl ring interacted with electrophiles and protons more strongly. Synthesized cocrystal powders were found to have reduced average crystallite size in reference to the parent compounds. The opposite was found for the intermolecular electronic couplings, as determined via density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which were relatively large in some of the cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison
M. Costello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Rebekah Duke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center
for Applied Energy Research, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Stephanie Sorensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | | | - Moses Ogbaje
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center
for Applied Energy Research, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Nandini Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Doo Young Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center
for Applied Energy Research, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Sean R. Parkin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Aron J. Huckaba
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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27
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Zhu X, Zheng S. Exploring the photovoltaic properties of promising non-fullerene acceptors with different degrees of asymmetry due to halogenations of terminal groups. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 300:122935. [PMID: 37269651 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the strategy of asymmetric modification has become popular for designing new photovoltaic materials because it can effectively improve optoelectronic performance and morphology, therefore power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, how the halogenations (to further change asymmetry) of terminal groups (TGs) of an asymmetric small-molecule non-fullerene acceptor (Asy-SM-NFA) influence optoelectronic properties is still not very clear. In this work, we have selected a promising Asy-SM-NFA IDTBF (the OSC based on it has a PCE of 10.43 %), exacerbated the asymmetry through fluorinations of TGs, and finally designed six new molecules. Based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations, we systematically examine how the changed asymmetry impacts the optoelectronic properties. We find that the halogenations of TGs may significantly affect the molecular planarity, dipole moment, electrostatic potential, exciton binding energy, energy loss, and absorption spectrum. And the results show that newly designed BR-F1 and IM-mF (m = 1,3, and 4) are potential Asy-SM-NFAs because they all have enhanced absorption spectra in the visible region. Therefore, we provide a meaningful direction for the design of asymmetric NFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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28
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Pancaldi A, Raimondo L, Minotto A, Sassella A. Post-Growth Dynamics and Growth Modeling of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3266-3272. [PMID: 36812106 PMCID: PMC9996818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the properties of organic thin films is crucial for obtaining highly performant thin-film devices. However, thin films may experience post-growth processes, even when the most sophisticated and controlled growth techniques such as organic molecular beam epitaxy (OMBE) are used. Such processes can modify the film structure and morphology and, thus, the film properties ultimately affecting device performances. For this reason, probing the occurrence of post-growth evolution is essential. Equally importantly, the processes responsible for this evolution should be addressed in view of finding a strategy to control and, possibly, leverage them for driving film properties. Here, nickel-tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP) thin films grown by OMBE on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) are selected as an exemplary system exhibiting a remarkable post-growth morphology evolution consistent with Ostwald-like ripening. To quantitatively describe the growth, the height-height correlation function (HHCF) analysis of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images is carried out, clarifying the role of the post-growth evolution as an integral part of the whole growth process. The set of scaling exponents obtained confirms that the growth is mainly driven by diffusion combined with the presence of step-edge barriers, in agreement with the observed ripening phenomenon. Finally, the results together with the overall approach adopted demonstrate the reliability of the HHCF analysis in systems displaying post-growth evolution.
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29
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Yuan K, Lv L, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li M, Zhao Y, Zhao X. Grape bunches of novel conjugated chain bonded fullerene oligomers: design of a potential electron trap carbonaceous molecular material. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5743-5757. [PMID: 36744403 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05731j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing π electron conjugated groups as covalent bonded bridges between fullerenes in their oligomers is key to optimizing and maximizing functions of the fullerene-based materials. In this work, a series of novel conjugated chain bonded fullerene C60 oligomers (CBFOs) with a well-defined nano-architecture and "grape bunches" shapes are rationally designed and viably constructed based on fullerene-carbenes by means of DFT calculations. The results show that the presently designed CBFOs present a much better electron-accepting ability together with a much lower reorganization energy than the isolated fullerene C60, and characterized as the potential ideal candidate for electron acceptors. The frontier molecular orbital and electron density analysis can well support the results of diabatic electron affinity (EAa) and vertical electron affinity (EAv) calculations. Moreover, these CBFOs exhibit strong absorption in the visible region but no obvious absorption in the ultraviolet region. In addition, the optical properties of the CBFOs and two dimensional structure are also simulated and explored theoretically. We hope that the present study would be helpful for developing covalent-bonded-fullerene based electron trap molecular materials, building blocks of nano-devices and nano-machinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Supercomputing Center, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China.
| | - Lingling Lv
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Supercomputing Center, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Supercomputing Center, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China.
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Supercomputing Center, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China.
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yaoxiao Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.,Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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30
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Carey T, Cassidy O, Synnatschke K, Caffrey E, Garcia J, Liu S, Kaur H, Kelly AG, Munuera J, Gabbett C, O’Suilleabhain D, Coleman JN. High-Mobility Flexible Transistors with Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Tungsten Dichalcogenides. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2912-2922. [PMID: 36720070 PMCID: PMC9933598 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of high-mobility two-dimensional (2D) flakes beyond molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) will be necessary to create a library of high-mobility solution-processed networks that conform to substrates and remain functional over thousands of bending cycles. Here we report electrochemical exfoliation of large-aspect-ratio (>100) semiconducting flakes of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) as well as MoS2 as a comparison. We use Langmuir-Schaefer coating to achieve highly aligned and conformal flake networks, with minimal mesoporosity (∼2-5%), at low processing temperatures (120 °C) and without acid treatments. This allows us to fabricate electrochemical transistors in ambient air, achieving average mobilities of μMoS2 ≈ 11 cm2 V-1 s-1, μWS2 ≈ 9 cm2 V-1 s-1, and μWSe2 ≈ 2 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a current on/off ratios of Ion/Ioff ≈ 2.6 × 103, 3.4 × 103, and 4.2 × 104 for MoS2, WS2, and WSe2, respectively. Moreover, our transistors display threshold voltages near ∼0.4 V with subthreshold slopes as low as 182 mV/dec, which are essential factors in maintaining power efficiency and represent a 1 order of magnitude improvement in the state of the art. Furthermore, the performance of our WSe2 transistors is maintained on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) even after 1000 bending cycles at 1% strain.
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31
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Frisch S, Neiß C, Lindenthal S, Zorn NF, Rominger F, Görling A, Zaumseil J, Kivala M. Tetra(peri-naphthylene)anthracene: A Near-IR Fluorophore with Four-Stage Amphoteric Redox Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203101. [PMID: 36287191 PMCID: PMC10107686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel, benign synthetic strategy towards soluble tetra(peri-naphthylene)anthracene (TPNA) decorated with triisopropylsilylethynyl substituents has been established. The compound is perfectly stable under ambient conditions in air and features intense and strongly bathochromically shifted UV/vis absorption and emission bands reaching to near-IR region beyond 900 nm. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed four facilitated reversible redox events comprising two oxidations and two reductions. These remarkable experimental findings were corroborated by theoretical studies to identify the TPNA platform a particularly useful candidate for the development of functional near-IR fluorophores upon appropriate functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Frisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas F Zorn
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Huang JD, Ma H. Quantitative Prediction of Charge Mobilities and Theoretical Insight into the Regulation of Site-Specific Trifluoromethylethynyl Substitution to Electronic and Charge Transport Properties of 9,10-Anthraquinone. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48391-48402. [PMID: 36591146 PMCID: PMC9798492 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we systematically studied the electronic and conducting properties of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) and its derivatives and discussed the substitute-site effects on their organic field-effect transistor (OFET) properties in detail. Our calculation results show the influence of different substitute sites on the ionization potential (IP), electronic affinity (EA), reorganization energy (λ), electronic couplings (V), and anisotropic mobility (μ) of semiconducting materials, which mainly originates from the variations of the frontier molecular orbital charge distributions, the steric hindrance, and the conjugate degree. Combining quantum-chemical calculations with charge transfer theory, we simulated the intermolecular hopping rate in the organic crystals of AQ derivatives and predicted the fluctuation range of three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic charge carrier mobility for the first time. Our calculation results well reproduced the experimental observations and provided evidence for the determination of the optimal OFET conduction plane and channel direction relative to the crystal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Dou Huang
- School
of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian
Nationalities University, Dalian116600, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Huipeng Ma
- College
of Medical Laboratory Science, Dalian Medical
University, Dalian116044, China
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33
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Oleiki E, Javaid S, Lee G. Impact of fluorination on the energy level alignment of an F n ZnPc/MAPbI 3 interface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5070-5076. [PMID: 36504749 PMCID: PMC9680936 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00582d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We have studied interactions at an interface between a Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI3) surface and zinc-phthalocyanine molecules with F substituting peripheral H (F n ZnPc; n = 4, 8, 12, and 16) by employing hybrid density functional theory (DFT) based simulations. These calculations show that F n ZnPc molecules form a stable interface with MAPbI3, whose binding strength is comparable to that of the un-substituted (ZnPc) case. As a consequence of fluorination, an increase in the ionization potential/electron affinity (i.e., a systematic lowering of molecular energy levels), as well as interfacial charge transfer, is observed whose magnitude depends upon the degree of fluorination. In contrast to the common belief of unfavorable hole transfer for excessive fluorination, our work unveils that the valence band offset remains favorable for all ranges of substitution (n); thus, hole transfer from MAPbI3 to F n ZnPc is facilitated while the electron transfer process is suppressed. This unusual behavior originates from the intermolecular interaction and substrate-to-molecule electron transfer at the heterojunction, which gradually suppresses the downward shift of F n ZnPc energy levels by increasing the value of n. Given the beneficial impacts of fluorination, such as hydrophobicity, our work provides valuable insight for exploiting stable F n ZnPc towards high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Oleiki
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Saqib Javaid
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- MMSG, Theoretical Physics Division PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Geunsik Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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34
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Matsuda M, Sato KI, Terayama K, Ochiai Y, Enomoto K, Higashihara T. Synthesis of electron deficient semiconducting polymers for intrinsically stretchable n-type semiconducting materials. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Anabestani H, Nabavi S, Bhadra S. Advances in Flexible Organic Photodetectors: Materials and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3775. [PMID: 36364551 PMCID: PMC9655925 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Future electronics will need to be mechanically flexible and stretchable in order to enable the development of lightweight and conformal applications. In contrast, photodetectors, an integral component of electronic devices, remain rigid, which prevents their integration into everyday life applications. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid photodetectors, particularly their low mechanical deformability. One of the most promising routes toward facilitating the fabrication of flexible photodetectors is to replace conventional optoelectronic materials with nanomaterials or organic materials that are intrinsically flexible. Compared with other functional materials, organic polymers and molecules have attracted more attention for photodetection applications due to their excellent photodetection performance, cost-effective solution-fabrication capability, flexible design, and adaptable manufacturing processes. This article comprehensively discusses recent advances in flexible organic photodetectors in terms of optoelectronic, mechanical properties, and hybridization with other material classes. Furthermore, flexible organic photodetector applications in health-monitoring sensors, X-ray detection, and imager devices have been surveyed.
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36
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Alshammari M, Al-Jobory AA, Alotaibi T, Lambert CJ, Ismael A. Orientational control of molecular scale thermoelectricity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4635-4638. [PMID: 36341305 PMCID: PMC9595198 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Through a comprehensive theoretical study, we demonstrate that single-molecule junctions formed from asymmetric molecules with different terminal groups can exhibit Seebeck coefficients, whose sign depends on the orientation of the molecule within the junction. Three anthracene-based molecules are studied, one of which exhibits this bi-thermoelectric behaviour, due to the presence of a thioacetate terminal group at one end and a pyridyl terminal group at the other. A pre-requisite for obtaining this behaviour is the use of junction electrodes formed from different materials. In our case, we use gold as the bottom electrode and graphene-coated gold as the top electrode. This demonstration of bi-thermoelecricity means that if molecules with alternating orientations can be deposited on a substrate, then they form a basis for boosting the thermovoltage in molecular-scale thermoelectric energy generators (TEGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alshammari
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Al-Jobory
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar Anbar Iraq
| | - Turki Alotaibi
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Ali Ismael
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq
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37
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Liu K, Jiang Z, Lalancette RA, Tang X, Jäkle F. Near-Infrared-Absorbing B-N Lewis Pair-Functionalized Anthracenes: Electronic Structure Tuning, Conformational Isomerism, and Applications in Photothermal Cancer Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18908-18917. [PMID: 36194812 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
B-N-fused dianthracenylpyrazine derivatives are synthesized to generate new low gap chromophores. Photophysical and electrochemical, crystal packing, and theoretical studies have been performed. Two energetically similar conformers are identified by density functional theory calculations, showing that the core unit adopts a curved saddle-like shape (x-isomer) or a zig-zag conformation (z-isomer). In the solid state, the z-isomer is prevalent according to an X-ray crystal structure of a C6F5-substituted derivative (4-Pf), but variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance studies suggest a dynamic behavior in solution. B-N fusion results in a large decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap and dramatically lowers the LUMO energy compared to the all-carbon analogues. 4-Pf in particular shows significant absorbance at greater than 700 nm while being almost transparent throughout the visible region. After encapsulation in the biodegradable polymer DSPE-mPEG2000, 4-Pf nanoparticles (4-Pf-NPs) exhibit good water solubility, high photostability, and an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of ∼41.8%. 4-Pf-NPs are evaluated both in vitro and in vivo as photothermal therapeutic agents. These results uncover B-N Lewis pair functionalization of PAHs as a promising strategy toward new NIR-absorbing materials for photothermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanglei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.,Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102400, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102400, P. R. China.,School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102400, P. R. China
| | - Roger A Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102400, P. R. China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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38
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Wesp T, Bruckhoff T, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Peri-Decoration of a Tetraazaperylene with Urea Units: Chiral Octaazaperopyrenedioxides (OAPPDOs) and Their Optical and Chiroptical Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201706. [PMID: 35758597 PMCID: PMC9796452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Octaazaperopyrenedioxides (OAPPDOs) are a new class of fluorescent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on a tetraazaperylene core that is formally condensed with N-substituted urea units in the two opposite peri positions. Here, we report the synthesis of series of substituted OAPPDO derivatives with different N-substitution patterns (H, alkyl, benzyl) in the peri positions, including bay-chlorinated OAPPDOs. Starting from the latter, a series of bay-arylated OAPPDOs was synthesized by Suzuki cross coupling, which resulted in the formation of helically chiral OAPPDO derivatives. The electrochemical and photophysical properties were investigated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. The P and M enantiomers of a phenylated OAPPDO were separated by semipreparative HPLC and further analyzed by CD spectroscopy. The frontier orbital energies, the mechanism of the isomerization, the electronic excitation and the CD spectrum (TD-DFT) were computed and compared to the experimental data. The reversible 1e- oxidation of the OAPPDOs generates the corresponding radical cations, one of which was characterized by EPR spectroscopy. The reversible oxidation process was also systematically investigated by spectro-electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wesp
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tim Bruckhoff
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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39
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Li L, Meng F, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhao D. Revisiting the Dithienophthalimide Building Block: Improved Synthetic Method Yielding New High‐Performance Polymer Donors for Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206311. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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40
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Bergner J, Walla C, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Kivala M. Inducing Curvature to Pyracylene upon π‐Expansion. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201554. [PMID: 35652474 PMCID: PMC9543126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We disclose a successive π‐expansion of pyracylene towards boat‐shaped polycyclic scaffolds. The unique structural features of the resulting compounds were revealed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Depending on the extent of π‐expansion the compounds display intense bathochromically shifted absorption bands in their UV/Vis spectra and are prone to several redox events as documented by cyclic voltammetry. The experimental observations are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory, suggesting progressive narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO gap and distinct evolution of the electronic structure and aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Walla
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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41
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Optoelectronic and DFT investigation of thienylenevinylene based materials for thin film transistors. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Wang J, Xue P, Jiang Y, Huo Y, Zhan X. The principles, design and applications of fused-ring electron acceptors. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:614-634. [PMID: 37117709 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) have a donor-acceptor-donor structure comprising an electron-donating fused-ring core, electron-accepting end groups, π-bridges and side chains. FREAs possess beneficial features, such as feasibility to tailor their structures, high property tunability, strong visible and near-infrared light absorption and excellent n-type semiconducting characteristics. FREAs have initiated a revolution to the field of organic solar cells in recent years. FREA-based organic solar cells have achieved unprecedented efficiencies, over 20%, which breaks the theoretical efficiency limit of traditional fullerene acceptors (~13%), and boast potential operational lifetimes approaching 10 years. Based on the original studies of FREAs, a variety of new structures, mechanisms and applications have flourished. In this Review, we introduce the fundamental principles of FREAs, including their structures and inherent electronic and physical properties. Next, we discuss the way in which the properties of FREAs can be modulated through variations to the electronic structure or molecular packing. We then present the current applications and consider the future areas that may benefit from developments in FREAs. Finally, we conclude with the position of FREA chemistry, reflecting on the challenges and opportunities that may arise in the future of this burgeoning field.
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43
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Wang X, Liu S, Ren C, Cao L, Zhang W, Wu T. Synthesis, Characterization, and Field-Effect Transistor Properties of Naphthalene Diimide-Based Conjugated Polymers with Fluorine-Containing Branched Side Chains. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Wang
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhen Liu
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Chunxing Ren
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Long Cao
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Ti Wu
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
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44
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Velusamy A, Afraj SN, Yau S, Liu C, Ezhumalai Y, Kumaresan P, Chen M. Fused thiophene based materials for organic thin‐film transistors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shakil N. Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shuehlin Yau
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yamuna Ezhumalai
- Centre for Material Chemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore India
| | | | - Ming‐Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
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45
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Li L, Meng F, Zhang M, Zhang ZG, Zhao D. Revisiting the Dithenophthalimide Building Block: Improved Synthetic Method Yielding New High‐Performance Polymer Donors of Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Li
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Chemistry CHINA
| | - Fei Meng
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- Nankai University State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Weijin Rd. 94 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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46
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Yan T, Li Z, Cao F, Chen J, Wu L, Fang X. An All-Organic Self-Powered Photodetector with Ultraflexible Dual-Polarity Output for Biosignal Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201303. [PMID: 35653221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endowing photodetectors with mechanically flexibility and actual functionality are current research issues in developing optoelectronic devices. However, rigid metal-based or metal-oxide-based electrodes remain a block to the realization of ultraflexible electronics. Thus, an ultraflexible all-organic photodetector (all-OPD) is designed by innovatively introducing symmetrical organic electrodes PH1000/PH1000 to substitute the widely applied indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)/Ag electrodes. Specifically, this all-OPD exhibits a high self-powered responsivity (R) of over 100 mA W-1 among 500-600 nm and the photocurrent remains about 80% of the original performance after being bent 20 000 circles, and can output steady biosignals for photo-plethysmography (PPG) application. More importantly, this all-OPD outputs dual-polarity photocurrent as it is flipped or folded. Benefitting from the ordered phase distribution and designed Schottky barrier heights, the photogenerated holes will be transferred and collected by nearer electrode, while electrons will be trapped in the thick bulk heterojunction (BHJ) as a result of the long channel. This work offers a new avenue toward developing a multifunctional and ultraflexible all-OPD with a straightforward all-solution method, and it is expected to be more compatible in complex application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fa Cao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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47
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Mahmood A, Irfan A, Wang JL. Machine Learning for Organic Photovoltaic Polymers: A Minireview. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Koyama S, Horii Y, Sato T, Takaishi S, Hoshino N, Akutagawa T, Iguchi H. Benzenetriimide-Based Molecular Conductor with Antiferro- to Ferromagnetic Switching Induced by Structural Change of π-stacked Array. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200322. [PMID: 35726667 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Benzenetriimide (BTI) is a promising building block for materials chemistry due to its characteristic 3-fold symmetry and redox properties, whereas little is known about its conductive and magnetic properties. In this study, we synthesized three charge-transfer complexes based on N,N',N''-trimethylbenzenetriimide (BTI-Me). One of the complexes contains isolated dimers of BTI-Me radical anion (BTI-Me•-), while the other two have the infinite π-stacked array of BTI-Me with the formal charge of -0.5. The latter two complexes did not show metallic behavior but showed semiconducting behavior due to the characteristic insulation in one-dimensional electron system, so-called charge ordering and dimer-Mott insulation. The magnetic susceptibility of the complex in dimer-Mott state exhibits an unusual transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic spin states with the hysteresis loop of 15 K derived from the structural phase transition around 130 K. These properties were also supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Koyama
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku, Chemistry, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - Yoji Horii
- Nara women's university, Depertment of chemistry, biology, and environment science, JAPAN
| | - Tetsu Sato
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, JAPAN
| | - Shinya Takaishi
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, JAPAN
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku, institute of multidisciplinary research for advanced materials, JAPAN
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku, institute of multidisciplinary research for advanced materials, JAPAN
| | - Hiroaki Iguchi
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, JAPAN
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Chen J, Yang J, Guo Y, Liu Y. Acceptor Modulation Strategies for Improving the Electron Transport in High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104325. [PMID: 34605074 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance ambipolar and electronic type semiconducting polymers are essential for fabricating various organic optoelectronic devices and complementary circuits. This review summarizes the strategies of improving the electron transport of semiconducting polymers via acceptor modulation strategies, which include the use of single, dual, triple, multiple, and all acceptors as well as the fusion of multiple identical acceptors to obtain new heterocyclic acceptors. To further improve the electron transport of semiconducting polymers, the introduction of strong electron-withdrawing groups can enhance the electron-withdrawing ability of donors and acceptors, thereby facilitating electron injection and suppressing hole accumulation. In addition, the relationships between the molecular structure, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, thin film morphology, microstructure, processing conditions, and device performances are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the challenges encountered in this research area are proposed and the future outlook is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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50
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Kafle P, Huang S, Park KS, Zhang F, Yu H, Kasprzak CE, Kim H, Schroeder CM, van der Zande AM, Diao Y. Role of Interfacial Interactions in the Graphene-Directed Assembly of Monolayer Conjugated Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6984-6995. [PMID: 35613042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of graphene-organic hybrid electronics is one of the most promising directions for next-generation electronic materials. However, it remains challenging to understand the graphene-organic semiconductor interactions right at the interface, which is key to designing hybrid electronics. Herein, we study the influence of graphene on the multiscale morphology of solution-processed monolayers of conjugated polymers (PII-2T, DPP-BTz, DPP2T-TT, and DPP-T-TMS). The strong interaction between graphene and PII-2T was manifested in the high fiber density and high film coverage of monolayer films deposited on graphene compared to plasma SiO2 substrates. The monolayer films on graphene also exhibited a higher relative degree of crystallinity and dichroic ratio or polymer alignment, i.e., higher degree of order. Raman spectroscopy revealed the increased backbone planarity of the conjugated polymers upon deposition on graphene as well as the existence of electronic interaction across the interface. This speculation was further substantiated by the results of photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) of PII-2T, which showed a decrease in binding energy of several atomic energy levels, movement of the Fermi level toward HOMO, and an increase in work function, all of which indicate p-doping of the polymer. Our results provide a new level of understanding on graphene-polymer interactions at nanoscopic interfaces and the consequent impact on multiscale morphology, which will aid in the design of efficient graphene-organic hybrid electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Kafle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Caroline E Kasprzak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Arend M van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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