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Wang JP, Chen X, Zhao Q, Fang Y, Liu Q, Fu J, Liu Y, Xu X, Zhang J, Zhen L, Xu CY, Huang F, Meixner AJ, Zhang D, Gou G, Li Y. Out-of-plane Emission Dipole of Second Harmonic Generation in Odd- and Even-layered vdWs Janus Nb 3SeI 7. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16274-16284. [PMID: 38867607 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Integration of atomically thin nonlinear optical (NLO) devices demands an out-of-plane (OP) emission dipole of second harmonic generation (SHG) to enhance the spontaneous emission for nanophotonics. However, the research on van der Waals (vdWs) materials with an OP emission dipole of SHG is still in its infancy. Here, by coupling back focal plane (BFP) imaging with numerical simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that vdWs Janus Nb3SeI7, ranging from bulk to the monolayer limit, exhibits a dominant OP emission dipole of SHG owing to the breaking of the OP symmetry. Explicitly, even-layered Nb3SeI7 with C6v symmetry is predicted to exhibit a pure OP emission dipole attributed to the only second-order susceptibility coefficient χzxx. Meanwhile, although odd-layered Nb3SeI7 with C3v symmetry has both OP and IP dipole components (χzxx and χyyy), the value of χzxx is 1 order of magnitude greater than that of χyyy, leading to an approximate OP emission dipole of SHG. Moreover, the crystal symmetry and OP emission dipole can be preserved under hydrostatic pressure, accompanied by the enhanced χzxx and the resulting 3-fold increase in SHG intensity. The reported stable OP dipole in 2D vdWs Nb3SeI7 can facilitate the rapid development of chip-integrated NLO devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710199, China
| | - Yuqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jierui Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Liang Zhen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Gaoyang Gou
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Lu P, Yan T, Huang J, Xing T, Liu H, Han Z, Xu X, Tao C. ITO-Induced Nonlinear Optical Response Enhancement of Titanium Nitride Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1040. [PMID: 38921916 PMCID: PMC11206435 DOI: 10.3390/nano14121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A series of TiN/ITO composite films with various thickness of ITO buffer layer were fabricated in this study. The enhancement of optical properties was realized in the composite thin films. The absorption spectra showed that absorption intensity in the near-infrared region was obviously enhanced with the increase of ITO thickness due to the coupling of surface plasma between TiN and ITO. The epsilon-near-zero wavelength of this composite can be tuned from 935 nm to 1895 nm by varying the thickness of ITO thin films. The nonlinear optical property investigated by Z-scan technique showed that the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β = 3.03 × 10-4 cm/W) for the composite was about 14.02 times greater than that of single-layer TiN films. The theoretical calculations performed by finite difference time domain were in good agreement with those of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Tingzhen Yan
- Department of Printing and Pack Aging Engineering, Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, No. 100 Shuifeng Road, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Jialei Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Tian Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Hao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Zhaoxia Han
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Xueke Xu
- Heng Mai Optics and Fine Mechanics (Hang Zhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311421, China
| | - Chunxian Tao
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
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Liu X, Wu LM, Kang L, Lin Z, Chen L. Theoretical Prediction of Monolayer BeP 2O 4H 4 with Excellent Nonlinear-Optical Properties in Deep-Ultraviolet Range. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404155. [PMID: 38855996 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Most 2D nonlinear optical (NLO) materials do not have an ultrawide bandgap, therefore, they are unsuitable for working in the deep-ultraviolet spectral range (< 200 nm). Herein, the theoretical prediction of an excellent monolayer BeP2O4H4 (ML-BPOH) is reported. DFT analyses suggest a low cleavage energy (≈45 meV per atom) from a naturally existed bulk-BPOH material, indicating feasible exfoliation. This novel 2D material exhibits excellent properties including an ultrawide bandgap (Eg) of 7.84 eV, and a strong second-order nonlinear susceptibility (d b u l k e f f $d_{bulk}^{eff}$ = 0.43 pm V-1), which is comparable to that of benchmark bulk-KBBF crystal (d16 = 0.45 pm V-1). The wide bandgap and large SHG effect of ML-BPOH are mainly derived from the (PO2H2)- tetrahedron. Notably, ML-BPOH exhibits an outstanding 50% variation in dsheet under minor stress stimuli (±3%) due to rotation of structurally rigid (PO2H2)- tetrahedron. This indicates significant potential for application in material deformation monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, P. R. China
| | - Lei Kang
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Functional Crystals Lab, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, P. R. China
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Chen D, Song Z, Yang C, Wei Y, Liu G, Meng L, Wu Q, Dang Y. Nonlinear Optical Effects of Hybrid Antimony(III) Halides Induced by Stereoactive 5s 2 Lone Pairs and Trimethylammonium Cations. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10304-10311. [PMID: 38780359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides have unique optical and electronic properties, which are advantageous in the study of nonlinear optical materials. To investigate the effect of stereoactive lone pair electrons and the induction of organic cations on the structure of hybrid antimony(III) halides on nonlinear optics, we synthesize two noncentrosymmetric hybrid antimony(III)-based halide single crystals (TMA)3Sb2X9 (TMA = NH(CH3)3+, X = Cl, Br) by a room-temperature slow evaporation method, and their single-crystal structures, phase transition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-band structure calculations are studied. More importantly, second-harmonic generation results of (TMA)3Sb2X9 (X = Cl, Br) are about 0.7 and 0.8 × KH2PO4(KDP), respectively. Interestingly, (TMA)3Sb2Cl9 single crystals undergo a reversible structural transition from Pc (No. 7) at room temperature to P21/c (No. 14) at 400 K, while the (TMA)3Sb2Br9 single crystals belong to the noncentrosymmetric space group R3c (No. 161), which clarifies the previous results. This work not only deepens the understanding of the role in lone pair electrons and organic cations in the structural induction in antimony-based halide perovskite materials but also provides guidance for subsequent nonlinear optical explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Chen
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhexin Song
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Guokui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P. R. China
| | - Lingqiang Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Dang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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5
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Chen W, Zhu S, Duan R, Wang C, Wang F, Wu Y, Dai M, Cui J, Chae SH, Li Z, Ma X, Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang QJ. Extraordinary Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Interaction in NbOBr 2 Microcavities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400858. [PMID: 38631028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are burgeoning as promising candidates for investigating nonlinear optical effects due to high nonlinear susceptibilities, broadband optical response, and tunable nonlinearity. However, most 2D materials suffer from poor nonlinear conversion efficiencies, resulting from reduced light-matter interactions and lack of phase matching at atomic thicknesses. Herein, a new 2D nonlinear material, niobium oxide dibromide (NbOBr2) is reported, featuring strong and anisotropic optical nonlinearities with scalable nonlinear intensity. Furthermore, Fabry-Pérot (F-P) microcavities are constructed by coupling NbOBr2 with air holes in silicon. Remarkable enhancement factors of ≈630 times in second harmonic generation (SHG) and 210 times in third harmonic generation (THG) are achieved on cavity at the resonance wavelength of 1500 nm. Notably, the cavity enhancement effect exhibits strong anisotropic feature tunable with pump wavelength, owing to the robust optical birefringence of NbOBr2. The ratio of the enhancement factor along the b- and c-axis of NbOBr2 reaches 2.43 and 5.27 for SHG and THG at 1500 nm pump, respectively, which leads to an extraordinarily high SHG anisotropic ratio of 17.82 and a 10° rotation of THG polarization. The research presents a feasible and practical strategy for developing high-efficiency and low-power-pumped on-chip nonlinear optical devices with tunable anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingjin Dai
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jieyuan Cui
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sang Hoon Chae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Ma
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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6
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Zhu S, Duan R, Xu X, Sun F, Chen W, Wang F, Li S, Ye M, Zhou X, Cheng J, Wu Y, Liang H, Kono J, Li X, Liu Z, Wang QJ. Strong nonlinear optical processes with extraordinary polarization anisotropy in inversion-symmetry broken two-dimensional PdPSe. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:119. [PMID: 38802363 PMCID: PMC11130276 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical activities, especially second harmonic generation (SHG), are key phenomena in inversion-symmetry-broken two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). On the other hand, anisotropic nonlinear optical processes are important for unique applications in nano-nonlinear photonic devices with polarization functions, having become one of focused research topics in the field of nonlinear photonics. However, the strong nonlinearity and strong optical anisotropy do not exist simultaneously in common 2D materials. Here, we demonstrate strong second-order and third-order susceptibilities of 64 pm/V and 6.2×10-19 m2/V2, respectively, in the even-layer PdPSe, which has not been discovered in other common TMDCs (e.g., MoS2). Strikingly, it also simultaneously exhibited strong SHG anisotropy with an anisotropic ratio of ~45, which is the largest reported among all 2D materials to date, to the best of our knowledge. In addition, the SHG anisotropy ratio can be harnessed from 0.12 to 45 (375 times) by varying the excitation wavelength due to the dispersion ofχ ( 2 ) values. As an illustrative example, we further demonstrate polarized SHG imaging for potential applications in crystal orientation identification and polarization-dependent spatial encoding. These findings in 2D PdPSe are promising for nonlinear nanophotonic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinluo Cheng
- GPL Photonics Lab, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130033, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Houkun Liang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junichiro Kono
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, and Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingji Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore.
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore.
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Yang Z, Zhang T, Dai J, Xu K. Tunable-bias based optical neural network for reinforcement learning in path planning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18099-18112. [PMID: 38858974 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the high integration, reconfiguration and strong robustness, Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) based optical neural networks (ONNs) have been widely considered. However, there are few works adding bias, which is important for neural networks, into the ONNs and systematically studying its effect. In this article, we propose a tunable-bias based optical neural network (TBONN) with one unitary matrix layer, which can improve the utilization rate of the MZIs, increase the trainable weights of the network and has more powerful representational capacity than traditional ONNs. By systematically studying its underlying mechanism and characteristics, we demonstrate that TBONN can achieve higher performance by adding more optical biases to the same side beside the inputted signals. For the two-dimensional dataset, the average prediction accuracy of TBONN with 2 biases (97.1%) is 5% higher than that of TBONN with 0 biases (92.1%). Additionally, utilizing TBONN, we propose a novel optical deep Q network (ODQN) algorithm to complete path planning tasks. By implementing simulated experiments, our ODQN shows competitive performance compared with the conventional deep Q network, but accelerates the computation speed by 2.5 times and 4.5 times for 2D and 3D grid worlds, respectively. Further, a more noticeable acceleration will be obtained when applying TBONN to more complex tasks. Also, we demonstrate the strong robustness of TBONN and the imprecision elimination method by using on-chip training.
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8
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Xiong H, Nie X, Zhao L, Deng S. Engineering Symmetry Breaking in Twisted MoS 2-MoSe 2 Heterostructures for Optimal Thermoelectric Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38709893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Engineering symmetry breaking in thermoelectric materials holds promise for achieving an optimal thermoelectric efficiency. van der Waals (vdW) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) provide critical opportunities for manipulating the intrinsic symmetry through in-plane symmetry breaking interlayer twists and out-of-plane symmetry breaking heterostructures. Herein, the symmetry-dependent thermoelectric properties of MoS2 and MoSe2 obtained via first-principles calculations are reported, yielding an advanced ZT of 2.96 at 700 K. The underlying mechanisms reveal that the in-plane symmetry breaking results in a lowest thermal conductivity of 1.96 W·m-1·K-1. Additionally, the electric properties can be significantly modulated through band flattening and bandgap alteration, stemming directly from the modified interlayer electronic coupling strength owing to spatial repulsion effects. In addition, out-of-plane symmetry breaking induces band splitting, leading to a decrease in the degeneracy and complex band structures. Consequently, the power factor experiences a notable enhancement from ∼1.32 to 1.71 × 10-2 W·m-1·K-2, which is attributed to the intricate spatial configuration of charge densities and the resulting intensified intralayer electronic coupling. Upon simultaneous implementation of in-plane and out-of-plane symmetry breaking, the TMDCs exhibit an indirect bandgap to direct bandgap transition compared to the pristine structure. This work demonstrates an avenue for optimizing thermoelectric performance of TMDCs through the implementation of symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xianhua Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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9
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Song S, Rahaman M, Jariwala D. Can 2D Semiconductors Be Game-Changers for Nanoelectronics and Photonics? ACS NANO 2024; 18:10955-10978. [PMID: 38625032 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
2D semiconductors have interesting physical and chemical attributes that have led them to become one of the most intensely investigated semiconductor families in recent history. They may play a crucial role in the next technological revolution in electronics as well as optoelectronics or photonics. In this Perspective, we explore the fundamental principles and significant advancements in electronic and photonic devices comprising 2D semiconductors. We focus on strategies aimed at enhancing the performance of conventional devices and exploiting important properties of 2D semiconductors that allow fundamentally interesting device functionalities for future applications. Approaches for the realization of emerging logic transistors and memory devices as well as photovoltaics, photodetectors, electro-optical modulators, and nonlinear optics based on 2D semiconductors are discussed. We also provide a forward-looking perspective on critical remaining challenges and opportunities for basic science and technology level applications of 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunguk Song
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mahfujur Rahaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Fu Y, Liu Z, Yue S, Zhang K, Wang R, Zhang Z. Optical Second Harmonic Generation of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:662. [PMID: 38668156 PMCID: PMC11054873 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has attracted significant attention as a pivotal nonlinear optical effect in research. Notably, in low-dimensional materials (LDMs), SHG detection has become an instrumental tool for elucidating nonlinear optical properties due to their pronounced second-order susceptibility and distinct electronic structure. This review offers an exhaustive overview of the generation process and experimental configurations for SHG in such materials. It underscores the latest advancements in harnessing SHG as a sensitive probe for investigating the nonlinear optical attributes of these materials, with a particular focus on its pivotal role in unveiling electronic structures, bandgap characteristics, and crystal symmetry. By analyzing SHG signals, researchers can glean invaluable insights into the microscopic properties of these materials. Furthermore, this paper delves into the applications of optical SHG in imaging and time-resolved experiments. Finally, future directions and challenges toward the improvement in the NLO in LDMs are discussed to provide an outlook in this rapidly developing field, offering crucial perspectives for the design and optimization of pertinent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Yue
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Bykov AY, Deng J, Li G, Zayats AV. Time-Dependent Ultrafast Quadratic Nonlinearity in an Epsilon-Near-Zero Platform. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3744-3749. [PMID: 38483127 PMCID: PMC10979426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast nonlinearity, which results in modulation of the linear optical response, is a basis for the development of time-varying media, in particular those operating in the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) regime. Here, we demonstrate that the intraband excitation of hot electrons in the ENZ film results in a second-harmonic resonance shift of ∼10 THz (40 nm) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) intensity changes of >100% with only minor (<1%) changes in linear transmission. The modulation is 10-fold enhanced by a plasmonic metasurface coupled to a film, allowing for ultrafast modulation of circularly polarized SHG. The effect is described by the plasma frequency renormalization in the ENZ material and the modification of the electron damping, with a possible influence of the hot-electron dynamics on the quadratic susceptibility. The results elucidate the nature of the second-order nonlinearity in ENZ materials and pave the way to the rational engineering of active nonlinear metamaterials and metasurfaces for time-varying applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Yu. Bykov
- Department
of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, London WS2R 2LS, U.K.
| | - Junhong Deng
- Shenzhen
Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Anatoly V. Zayats
- Department
of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, London WS2R 2LS, U.K.
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12
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Wang Y, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhou L, Kang J, Zheng W, Xiao S, Xing G, He J. Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Boride (MBene) Mo 4/3B 2T x with Broadband and Termination-Dependent Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Response. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3461-3469. [PMID: 38512334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional molybdenum borides (MBenes) comprise a new class of 2D transition metal borides that exhibit potential photonics applications. Recently, the synthesis of individual single-layer Mo4/3B2Tx (T = O, F, OH) MBene sheets has been realized, which attracted considerable attention in optoelectronics. However, there is still a lack of understanding and regulation of the photophysical processes of Mo4/3B2Tx MBene. Here, we demonstrate that Mo4/3B2Tx MBene exhibits a surface termination-dependent electronic structure, carrier dynamics, and nonlinear optical response over a wide wavelength range (500-1550 nm). As prepared 2D Mo4/3B2F2 MBene possesses a semimetal material property that exhibits a shorter intraband scattering process (<100 ps) and a considerable nonlinear optical response at a broadband cover optical communication C band at 1550 nm. These thrilling results are confirmed theoretically and experimentally. The analysis of these results adds to the regulating and understanding of the basic photophysical processes, which is anticipated to be beneficial for the further design of MBene-based photonics and nanoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R.China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R.China
| | - Gang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R.China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R.China
| | - Li Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R.China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R.China
| | - Jianlong Kang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R.China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R.China
| | - Wanxin Zheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R.China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R.China
| | - Si Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R.China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R.China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R.China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R.China
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13
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Wasem Klein F, Huntzinger JR, Astié V, Voiry D, Parret R, Makhlouf H, Juillaguet S, Decams JM, Contreras S, Landois P, Zahab AA, Sauvajol JL, Paillet M. Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS 2 thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:279-296. [PMID: 38476324 PMCID: PMC10928926 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a widely used technique to characterize nanomaterials because of its convenience, non-destructiveness, and sensitivity to materials change. The primary purpose of this work is to determine via Raman spectroscopy the average thickness of MoS2 thin films synthesized by direct liquid injection pulsed-pressure chemical vapor deposition (DLI-PP-CVD). Such samples are constituted of nanoflakes (with a lateral size of typically 50 nm, i.e., well below the laser spot size), with possibly a distribution of thicknesses and twist angles between stacked layers. As an essential preliminary, we first reassess the applicability of different Raman criteria to determine the thicknesses (or layer number, N) of MoS2 flakes from measurements performed on reference samples, namely well-characterized mechanically exfoliated or standard chemical vapor deposition MoS2 large flakes deposited on 90 ± 6 nm SiO2 on Si substrates. Then, we discuss the applicability of the same criteria for significantly different DLI-PP-CVD MoS2 samples with average thicknesses ranging from sub-monolayer up to three layers. Finally, an original procedure based on the measurement of the intensity of the layer breathing modes is proposed to evaluate the surface coverage for each N (i.e., the ratio between the surface covered by exactly N layers and the total surface) in DLI-PP-CVD MoS2 samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Wasem Klein
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Roch Huntzinger
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Astié
- Annealsys, 139 Rue des Walkyries, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Voiry
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Parret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Houssine Makhlouf
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Juillaguet
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvie Contreras
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Périne Landois
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Ahmed-Azmi Zahab
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Sauvajol
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Paillet
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
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14
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Li N, Zhang N, Wang J, Sun M. Charge transfer excitons and directional fluorescence of in-plane lateral MoSe 2-WSe 2 heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8200-8209. [PMID: 38381067 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In this article, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of in-plane lateral MoSe2-WSe2 heterostructures are theoretically investigated. The polarization-dependent strongest optical absorption in one-photon absorption occurs in charge transfer excited states, where electrons transfer from WSe2 to MoSe2. This phenomenon is supported by the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) and HUMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) imaging obtained through scanning tunneling microscopy. The charge difference density and transition density matrix are used to interpret the electronic transitions, and these interpretations rely on the concept of transition density. The optical properties of two-photon absorption in its nonlinear optical process are significantly different from the excitation in one-photon absorption, where the strongest optical absorption is contributed from direct transition from the ground state to the final state without going through an intermediate excited state, due to the very large difference of permanent dipole moments between the excited and ground states. Our results also reveal directional fluorescence and physical mechanism of in-plane lateral MoSe2-WSe2 heterostructures. Our work can provide insights into the physical mechanism of the optical properties of in-plane lateral MoSe2-WSe2 heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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15
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Niu X, Yuan M, Zhao R, Liu Y, Wang L, Pang Z, Wan S, Zhao H, Li H, Wang K. pH-Tuned Enantioselectivity Reversal in a Defective Chiral Metal Organic Framework. ACS Sens 2024; 9:923-931. [PMID: 38335470 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of chirality into easy-scalable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) gives rise to the development of advanced electrochemical sensors. However, integrating chirality by directly connecting metal ions and chiral ligands is unpredictable. Postmodification synthesis is a common method for synthesizing chiral MOFs, but it reduces the size of chiral channels and poses obstacles to the approach of chiral guest molecules. In this work, missing connection defects were introduced into the chiral MOFs through defect engineering strategies, which enhance the recognition of the target enantiomers. pH can tune enantioselectivity reversal in defective chiral MOFs. The chiral MOFs show enantioselectivity for d-Trp at pH = 5 and l-Trp at pH = 8. From the results of zeta potential, regardless of pH 5 or 8, the chiral MOF has a positive potential. The chiral MOFs are positively charged, while tryptophan is negatively charged when pH = 8. The difference in the positive and negative charge interactions between the two amino acids and chiral MOFs leads to chiral recognition. However, the difference in π-π interaction between chiral MOF and Trp enantiomers mainly drives chiral recognition under pH = 5. This study paves a pathway for the synthesis of defective chiral MOFs and highlights the pH-tuned enantioselectivity reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Niu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Mei Yuan
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Luhua Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Zengwei Pang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shenteng Wan
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hongfang Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
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16
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Tang T, Hu D, Lin D, Yang L, Shen Z, Yang W, Liu H, Li H, Fan X, Wang Z, Wang G. Third Harmonic Generation in Thin NbOI 2 and TaOI 2. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:412. [PMID: 38470743 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The niobium oxide dihalides have recently been identified as a new class of van der Waals materials exhibiting exceptionally large second-order nonlinear optical responses and robust in-plane ferroelectricity. In contrast to second-order nonlinear processes, third-order optical nonlinearities can arise irrespective of whether a crystal lattice is centrosymmetric. Here, we report third harmonic generation (THG) in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxide iodides, namely NbOI2 and TaOI2. We observe a comparable THG intensity from both materials. By benchmarking against THG from monolayer WS2, we deduce that the third-order susceptibility is approximately on the same order. THG resonances are revealed at different excitation wavelengths, likely due to enhancement by excitonic states and band edge resonances. The THG intensity increases for material thicknesses up to 30 nm, owing to weak interlayer coupling. After this threshold, it shows saturation or a decrease, due to optical interference effects. Our results establish niobium and tantalum oxide iodides as promising 2D materials for third-order nonlinear optics, with intrinsic in-plane ferroelectricity and thickness-tunable nonlinear efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Tang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Deng Hu
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Lin
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ziling Shen
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenchen Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hanting Li
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyue Fan
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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17
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Yang X, Wang X, Faizan M, He X, Zhang L. Second-harmonic generation in 2D moiré superlattices composed of bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2913-2922. [PMID: 38247404 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05805k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices (MSLs) in twisted two-dimensional van der Waals materials feature twist-angle-dependent crystal symmetry and strong optical nonlinearities. By adjusting the twist angle in bilayer van der Waals materials, the second-harmonic generation (SHG) can be controlled. Here, we focus on exploring the electronic and SHG properties of MSLs in 2D bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with different twist angles through first-principles calculations. We constructed MSL structures of five TMD materials, including three single-phase materials (MoS2, WS2, and MoSe2) and two heterojunctions (MoS2/MoSe2 and MoS2/WS2) with twist angles of 9.4°, 13.2°, 21.8°, 32.2°, and 42.1° without lattice mismatch. Our findings demonstrate a consistent variation in the SHG susceptibility among different TMD MSLs as a response to twist-angle changes. The underlying reason for the twist-angle dependence of SHG is that the twist angle regulates the interlayer coupling strength, affecting the optical band gap of MSLs and subsequently tuning the SHG susceptibility. Through a comparison of the static SHG susceptibility values, we identified the twist angle of 9.4° as the configuration that yields the highest SHG susceptibility (e.g. 358.5 pm V-1 for the 9.4° MoSe2 MSL). This value is even twice that of the monolayer (173.3 pm V-1 for monolayer MoSe2) and AA'-stacked bilayer structures (139.8 pm V-1 for AA' MoSe2). This high SHG susceptibility is attributed to the strong interlayer coupling in the 9.4° MSL, which enhances the valence band energy (contributed by the antibonding orbitals of chalcogen-pz and transition metal-dz2) and consequently leads to a small optical band gap, thus improving the optical transitions. The findings of this study provide a straightforward way to improve the SHG performance of bilayer TMDs and also throw light on the sensitive relationship between the twist angle, band structure and SHG properties of TMD MSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Muhammad Faizan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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18
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Hong H, Huang C, Ma C, Qi J, Shi X, Liu C, Wu S, Sun Z, Wang E, Liu K. Twist Phase Matching in Two-Dimensional Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:233801. [PMID: 38134808 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.233801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical phase matching involves establishing a proper phase relationship between the fundamental excitation and generated waves to enable efficient optical parametric processes. It is typically achieved through birefringence or periodic polarization. Here, we report that the interlayer twist angle in two-dimensional (2D) materials creates a nonlinear geometric phase that can compensate for the phase mismatch, and the vertical assembly of the 2D layers with a proper twist sequence generates a nontrivial "twist-phase-matching" (twist-PM) regime. The twist-PM model provides superior flexibility in the design of optical crystals, which can be applied for twisted layers with either periodic or random thickness distributions. The designed crystal from the twisted rhombohedral boron nitride films within a thickness of only 3.2 μm is capable of producing a second-harmonic generation with conversion efficiency of ∼8% and facile polarization controllability that is absent in conventional crystals. Our methodology establishes a platform for the rational design and atomic manufacturing of nonlinear optical crystals based on abundant 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light- Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajie Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuping Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
| | - Enge Wang
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Lab, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, China
- School of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Lab, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, China
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19
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Li S, Ouyang D, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Murthy A, Li Y, Liu S, Zhai T. Substrate Engineering for Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Large-Scale 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211855. [PMID: 37095721 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale production of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is essential to realize their industrial applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been considered as a promising method for the controlled growth of high-quality and large-scale 2D TMDs. During a CVD process, the substrate plays a crucial role in anchoring the source materials, promoting the nucleation and stimulating the epitaxial growth. It thus significantly affects the thickness, microstructure, and crystal quality of the products, which are particularly important for obtaining 2D TMDs with expected morphology and size. Here, an insightful review is provided by focusing on the recent development associated with the substrate engineering strategies for CVD preparation of large-scale 2D TMDs. First, the interaction between 2D TMDs and substrates, a key factor for the growth of high-quality materials, is systematically discussed by combining the latest theoretical calculations. Based on this, the effect of various substrate engineering approaches on the growth of large-area 2D TMDs is summarized in detail. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of substrate engineering for the future development of 2D TMDs are discussed. This review might provide deep insight into the controllable growth of high-quality 2D TMDs toward their industrial-scale practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Decai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Akshay Murthy
- Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL, 60510, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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20
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Lan H, Wang L, He R, Huang S, Yu J, Guo J, Luo J, Li Y, Zhang J, Lin J, Zhang S, Zeng M, Fu L. 2D quasi-layered material with domino structure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7225. [PMID: 37940641 PMCID: PMC10632391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interlayer coupling strength dichotomizes two-dimensional (2D) materials into layered and non-layered types. Traditionally, they can be regarded as atomic layers intrinsically linked via van der Waals (vdW) forces or covalent bonds, oriented orthogonally to their growth plane. In our work, we report a material system that differentiates from layered and non-layered materials, termed quasi-layered domino-structured (QLDS) materials, effectively bridging the gap between these two typical categories. Considering the skewed structure, the force orthogonal to the 2D QLDS-GaTe growth plane constitutes a synergistic blend of vdW forces and covalent bonds, with neither of them being perpendicular to the 2D growth plane. This unique amalgamation results in a force that surpasses that in layered materials, yet is weaker than that in non-layered materials. Therefore, the lattice constant contraction along this unique orientation can be as much as 7.7%, tantalizingly close to the theoretical prediction of 10.8%. Meanwhile, this feature endows remarkable anisotropy, second harmonic generation enhancement with a staggering susceptibility of 394.3 pm V-1. These findings endow further applications arranged in nonlinear optics, sensors, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Lan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Luyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Runze He
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyi Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinqiu Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingrui Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiling Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lei Fu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Hung NT, Zhang K, Van Thanh V, Guo Y, Puretzky AA, Geohegan DB, Kong J, Huang S, Saito R. Nonlinear Optical Responses of Janus MoSSe/MoS 2 Heterobilayers Optimized by Stacking Order and Strain. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19877-19886. [PMID: 37643404 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical responses in second harmonic generation (SHG) of van der Waals heterobilayers, Janus MoSSe/MoS2, are theoretically optimized as a function of strain and stacking order by adopting an exchange-correlation hybrid functional and a real-time approach in first-principles calculation. We find that the calculated nonlinear susceptibility, χ(2), in AA stacking (550 pm/V) becomes three times as large as AB stacking (170 pm/V) due to the broken inversion symmetry in the AA stacking. The present theoretical prediction is compared with the observed SHG spectra of Janus MoSSe/MoS2 heterobilayers, in which the peak SHG intensity of AA stacking becomes four times as large as AB stacking. Furthermore, a relatively large, two-dimensional strain (4%) that breaks the C3v point group symmetry of the MoSSe/MoS2, enhances calculated χ(2) values for both AA (900 pm/V) and AB (300 pm/V) stackings 1.6 times as large as that without strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tuan Hung
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Vuong Van Thanh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Yunfan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Alexander A Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shengxi Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Riichiro Saito
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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22
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Meng Y, Zhong H, Xu Z, He T, Kim JS, Han S, Kim S, Park S, Shen Y, Gong M, Xiao Q, Bae SH. Functionalizing nanophotonic structures with 2D van der Waals materials. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1345-1365. [PMID: 37608742 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The integration of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials with nanostructures has triggered a wide spectrum of optical and optoelectronic applications. Photonic structures of conventional materials typically lack efficient reconfigurability or multifunctionality. Atomically thin 2D materials can thus generate new functionality and reconfigurability for a well-established library of photonic structures such as integrated waveguides, optical fibers, photonic crystals, and metasurfaces, to name a few. Meanwhile, the interaction between light and van der Waals materials can be drastically enhanced as well by leveraging micro-cavities or resonators with high optical confinement. The unique van der Waals surfaces of the 2D materials enable handiness in transfer and mixing with various prefabricated photonic templates with high degrees of freedom, functionalizing as the optical gain, modulation, sensing, or plasmonic media for diverse applications. Here, we review recent advances in synergizing 2D materials to nanophotonic structures for prototyping novel functionality or performance enhancements. Challenges in scalable 2D materials preparations and transfer, as well as emerging opportunities in integrating van der Waals building blocks beyond 2D materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hongkun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tiantian He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Justin S Kim
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangmoon Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sunok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Seoungwoong Park
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yijie Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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23
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Ye L, Zhou W, Huang D, Jiang X, Guo Q, Cao X, Yan S, Wang X, Jia D, Jiang D, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Li Y, Lei H, Gou H, Huang B. Manipulation of nonlinear optical responses in layered ferroelectric niobium oxide dihalides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5911. [PMID: 37737236 PMCID: PMC10516934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Realization of highly tunable second-order nonlinear optical responses, e.g., second-harmonic generation and bulk photovoltaic effect, is critical for developing modern optical and optoelectronic devices. Recently, the van der Waals niobium oxide dihalides are discovered to exhibit unusually large second-harmonic generation. However, the physical origin and possible tunability of nonlinear optical responses in these materials remain to be unclear. In this article, we reveal that the large second-harmonic generation in NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, and I) may be partially contributed by the large band nesting effect in different Brillouin zone. Interestingly, the NbOCl2 can exhibit dramatically different strain-dependent bulk photovoltaic effect under different polarized light, originating from the light-polarization-dependent orbital transitions. Importantly, we achieve a reversible ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transition in NbOCl2 and a reversible ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition in NbOI2 under a certain region of external pressure, accompanied by the greatly tunable nonlinear optical responses but with different microscopic mechanisms. Our study establishes the interesting external-field tunability of NbOX2 for nonlinear optical device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangting Ye
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenju Zhou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dajian Huang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiangbing Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Donghan Jia
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dequan Jiang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hechang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Huiyang Gou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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24
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Fu W, John M, Maddumapatabandi TD, Bussolotti F, Yau YS, Lin M, Johnson Goh KE. Toward Edge Engineering of Two-Dimensional Layered Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16348-16368. [PMID: 37646426 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of edge configurations and structures in atomically-thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for versatile functionalization has attracted intensive interest in recent years. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach has shown promise for TMD edge engineering of atomic edge configurations (1H, 1T or 1T'-zigzag or armchair edges) as well as diverse edge morphologies (1D nanoribbons, 2D dendrites, 3D spirals, etc.). These edge-rich TMD layers offer versatile candidates for probing the physical and chemical properties and exploring potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, sensing, and quantum technologies. In this Review, we present an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the manipulation of TMD atomic edges and edge-rich structures using CVD. We highlight the vast range of distinct properties associated with these edge configurations and structures and provide insights into the opportunities afforded by such edge-functionalized crystals. The objective of this Review is to motivate further research and development efforts to use CVD as a scalable approach to harness the benefits of such crystal-edge engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Mark John
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3 117551, Singapore
| | - Thathsara D Maddumapatabandi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Fabio Bussolotti
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Yong Sean Yau
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
| | - Kuan Eng Johnson Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 138634, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3 117551, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
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25
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Kar S, Kumari P, Kamalakar MV, Ray SJ. Twist-assisted optoelectronic phase control in two-dimensional (2D) Janus heterostructures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13696. [PMID: 37608024 PMCID: PMC10444812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) Janus materials and their Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) have emerged as a new class of intriguing semiconductor materials due to their versatile application in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, We have invstigated most probable arrangements of different inhomogeneous heterostructures employing one layer of transition metal dichalcogenide, TMD (MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2) piled on the top of Janus TMD (MoSeTe or WSeTe) and investigated their structural, electronic as well as optical properties through first-principles based calculations. After that, we applied twist engineering between the monolayers from 0[Formula: see text] 60[Formula: see text] twist angle, which delivers lattice reconstruction and improves the performance of the vdWHs due to interlayer coupling. The result reveals that all the proposed vdWHs are dynamically and thermodynamically stable. Some vdWHs such as MoS2/MoSeTe, WS2/WSeTe, MoS2/WSeTe, MoSe2/MoSeTe, and WS2/MoSeTe exhibit direct bandgap with type-II band alignment at some specific twist angle, which shows potential for future photovoltaic devices. Moreover, the electronic property and carrier mobility can be effectively tuned in the vdWHs compared to the respective monolayers. Furthermore, the visible optical absorption of all the Janus vdWHs at [Formula: see text] = 0[Formula: see text] can be significantly enhanced due to the weak inter-layer coupling and redistribution of the charges. Therefore, the interlayer twisting not only provides an opportunity to observe new exciting properties but also gives a novel route to modulate the electronic and optoelectronic properties of the heterostructure for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India
| | - P Kumari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India
| | - M Venkata Kamalakar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - S J Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India.
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26
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Fonsêca H, Rativa D, Lima R. In-Loco Optical Spectroscopy through a Multiple Digital Lock-In on a Linear Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Array. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7195. [PMID: 37631732 PMCID: PMC10460064 DOI: 10.3390/s23167195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and reliable measurements of optical properties are crucial for a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. However, external illumination fluctuations can often make these measurements challenging to obtain. This work proposes a new technique based on digital lock-in processing that enables the use of CCD spectrometers in optical spectroscopy applications, even in uncontrolled lighting conditions. This approach leverages digital lock-in processing, performed on each pixel of the spectrometer's CCD simultaneously, to mitigate the impact of external optical interferences. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by testing and recovering the spectrum of a yellow LED subjected to other light sources in outdoor conditions, corresponding to a Signal-to-Noise Ratio of -70.45 dB. Additionally, it was possible to demonstrate the method's applicability for the spectroscopic analysis of gold nanoparticles in outdoor conditions. These results suggest that the proposed technique can be helpful for a wide range of optical measurement techniques, even in challenging lighting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fonsêca
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50720-001, Brazil; (H.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Systems Engineering, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50720-001, Brazil
| | - Diego Rativa
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50720-001, Brazil; (H.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Systems Engineering, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50720-001, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lima
- Department of Systems Engineering, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50720-001, Brazil
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27
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Oskoui Abdol S, Shojaei S, Abdollahipour B. Polarization dependent light propagation in [Formula: see text] multilayer structure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13169. [PMID: 37580415 PMCID: PMC10425423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
[Formula: see text] is one of the exciting and outstanding semimetallic members of TMDCs, which has attracted immense attention for manipulating light propagation due to its inherent optical anisotropy and hyperbolic characteristic in the infrared frequency range. We investigate the dependence of the reflectance and transmittance of structures with a single and double [Formula: see text] thin film in terms of frequency and polarization angle of the incident wave. We find rich behaviors in the optical response of these structures due to their anisotropic permittivity tensors. Furthermore, we analyze the polarization state of transmitted and reflected waves through these structures. We demonstrate that these structures provide the ability to achieve desired polarization rotation for outgoing waves by tuning the frequency and polarization angle of the incident wave with respect to the principal axes of [Formula: see text] thin film. In particular, we elucidate the essential relevance of the optical response and polarization rotation of the double thin film structure to the in-plain twist angle of [Formula: see text] thin films. We explain that this structure permits comprehensive control of the polarization rotation of the outgoing waves by adjusting the twist angle of thin films. The proposed structure can be employed as an efficient light manipulator with the aim of application in communication, imaging, and information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Oskoui Abdol
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471 Iran
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy (RIAPA), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51655-163 Iran
| | - S. Shojaei
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471 Iran
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy (RIAPA), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51655-163 Iran
| | - B. Abdollahipour
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471 Iran
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28
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Gomes ASL, Campos CLAV, de Araújo CB, Maldonado M, da Silva-Neto ML, Jawaid AM, Busch R, Vaia RA. Intensity-Dependent Optical Response of 2D LTMDs Suspensions: From Thermal to Electronic Nonlinearities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2267. [PMID: 37570584 PMCID: PMC10421368 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical (NLO) response of photonic materials plays an important role in the understanding of light-matter interaction as well as pointing out a diversity of photonic and optoelectronic applications. Among the recently studied materials, 2D-LTMDs (bi-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides) have appeared as a beyond-graphene nanomaterial with semiconducting and metallic optical properties. In this article, we review most of our work in studies of the NLO response of a series of 2D-LTMDs nanomaterials in suspension, using six different NLO techniques, namely hyper Rayleigh scattering, Z-scan, photoacoustic Z-scan, optical Kerr gate, and spatial self-phase modulation, besides the Fourier transform nonlinear optics technique, to infer the nonlinear optical response of semiconducting MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, semimetallic WTe2, ZrTe2, and metallic NbS2 and NbSe2. The nonlinear optical response from a thermal to non-thermal origin was studied, and the nonlinear refraction index and nonlinear absorption coefficient, where present, were measured. Theoretical support was given to explain the origin of the nonlinear responses, which is very dependent on the spectro-temporal regime of the optical source employed in the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson S. L. Gomes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (C.L.A.V.C.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.M.); (M.L.d.S.-N.)
| | - Cecília L. A. V. Campos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (C.L.A.V.C.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.M.); (M.L.d.S.-N.)
| | - Cid B. de Araújo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (C.L.A.V.C.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.M.); (M.L.d.S.-N.)
| | - Melissa Maldonado
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (C.L.A.V.C.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.M.); (M.L.d.S.-N.)
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Manoel L. da Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (C.L.A.V.C.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.M.); (M.L.d.S.-N.)
| | - Ali M. Jawaid
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA; (A.M.J.); (R.B.); (R.A.V.)
| | - Robert Busch
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA; (A.M.J.); (R.B.); (R.A.V.)
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA; (A.M.J.); (R.B.); (R.A.V.)
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29
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Qi J, Ma C, Guo Q, Ma C, Zhang Z, Liu F, Shi X, Wang L, Xue M, Wu M, Gao P, Hong H, Wang X, Wang E, Liu C, Liu K. Stacking-Controlled Growth of rBN Crystalline Films with High Nonlinear Optical Conversion Efficiency up to 1. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2303122. [PMID: 37522646 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical crystals lie at the core of ultrafast laser science and quantum communication technology. The emergence of 2D materials provides a revolutionary potential for nonlinear optical crystals due to their exceptionally high nonlinear coefficients. However, uncontrolled stacking orders generally induce the destructive nonlinear response due to the optical phase deviation in different 2D layers. Therefore, conversion efficiency of 2D nonlinear crystals is typically limited to less than 0.01% (far below the practical criterion of >1%). Here, crystalline films of rhombohedral boron nitride (rBN) with parallel stacked layers are controllably synthesized. This success is realized by the utilization of vicinal FeNi (111) single crystal, where both the unidirectional arrangement of BN grains into a single-crystal monolayer and the continuous precipitation of (B,N) source for thick layers are guaranteed. The preserved in-plane inversion asymmetry in rBN films keeps the in-phase second-harmonic generation field in every layer and leads to a record-high conversion efficiency of 1% in the whole family of 2D materials within the coherence thickness of only 1.6 µm. The work provides a route for designing ultrathin nonlinear optical crystals from 2D materials, and will promote the on-demand fabrication of integrated photonic and compact quantum optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Quanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chaojie Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuping Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Muhong Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Enge Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Lab, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Lab, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
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30
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Fu T, Bu K, Sun X, Wang D, Feng X, Guo S, Sun Z, Fang Y, Hu Q, Ding Y, Zhai T, Huang F, Lü X. Manipulating Peierls Distortion in van der Waals NbOX 2 Maximizes Second-Harmonic Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37467160 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials, featuring relaxed phase-matching conditions and highly tunable optical nonlinearity, endow them with potential applications in nanoscale nonlinear optical (NLO) devices. Despite significant progress, fundamental questions in 2D NLO materials remain, such as how structural distortion affects second-order NLO properties, which call for advanced regulation and in situ diagnostic tools. Here, by applying pressure to continuously tune the displacement of Nb atoms in 2D vdW NbOI2, we effectively modulate the polarization and achieve a 3-fold boost of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) at 2.5 GPa. By introducing a Peierls distortion parameter, λ, we establish a quantitative relationship between λ and SHG intensity. Importantly, we further demonstrate that the SHG enhancement can be achieved under ambient conditions by anionic substitution to tune the distortion in NbO(I1-xBrx)2 (x = 0-1) compounds, where the chemical tailoring simulates the pressure effects on the structural optimization. Consequently, NbO(I0.60Br0.40)2 with λ = 0.17 exhibits a giant SHG of over 2 orders of magnitude higher than that in monolayer WSe2, reaching the record-high value among reported 2D vdW NLO materials. This work unambiguously demonstrates the correlation between Peierls distortion and SHG property and, more broadly, opens new paths for the development of advanced NLO materials by manipulating the structure distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghuan Fu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kejun Bu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuzhou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Songhao Guo
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zongdong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Qingyang Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xujie Lü
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
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31
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Yan T, Hong R, Lian J, Tao C, Lin H, Wang Q, Han Z, Zhang D. Tunable Nonlinear Optical Response of ITO Films with Au@Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101631. [PMID: 37242047 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical (NLO) response of indium tin oxide films covered with Au@Ag colloid layer was characterized by a femtosecond single-beam open aperture (OA) Z-scan technique in this study. As the Au@Ag thickness increased, the transition from saturated absorption (SA) to reverse saturated absorption (RSA) was found in these ITO matrix composites. The nonlinear absorption coefficient for these composite materials can be regulated from -6.85 × 10-7 m/W to 26.06 × 10-7 m/W. In addition, this work also characterized the structure, morphology, and other optical properties of the specimen, and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) results were consistent with the experimental results. The NLO response of the ITO/Au@Ag composites can be attributed to the phase properties, synergistic competition effect, strong interaction based on the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode, and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) between the indium tin oxide films and Au@Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhen Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ruijin Hong
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiqing Lian
- Department of Printing and Pack Aging Engineering, Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, No. 100 Shuifeng Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chunxian Tao
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhaoxia Han
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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32
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Li L, Cheng J, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Yang H, Zhang Y, Hui Z, Zhao F, Liu W. Chromium oxide film for Q-switched and mode-locked pulse generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16872-16881. [PMID: 37157756 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromium oxide (Cr2O3) is a promising material used in the applications such as photoelectrochemical devices, photocatalysis, magnetic random access memory, and gas sensors. But, its nonlinear optical characteristics and applications in ultrafast optics have not been studied yet. This study prepares a microfiber decorated with a Cr2O3 film via magnetron sputtering deposition and examines its nonlinear optical characteristics. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of this device are determined as 12.52% and 0.0176 MW/cm2. Meanwhile, the Cr2O3-microfiber is applied as a saturable absorber in an Er-doped fiber laser, and stable Q-switching and mode-locking laser pulses are successfully generated. In the Q-switched working state, the highest output power and shortest pulse width are measured as 12.8 mW and 1.385 µs, respectively. The pulse duration of this mode-locked fiber laser is as short as 334 fs, and its signal-to-noise ratio is 65 dB. As far as we know, this is the first illustration of using Cr2O3 in ultrafast photonics. The results confirm that Cr2O3 is a promising saturable absorber material and significantly extend the scope of saturable absorber materials for innovative fiber laser technologies.
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33
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Venkatesh M, Kim VV, Boltaev GS, Konda SR, Svedlindh P, Li W, Ganeev RA. High-Order Harmonics Generation in MoS2 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Effect of Nickel and Carbon Nanotube Dopants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076540. [PMID: 37047513 PMCID: PMC10094757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition metal dichalcogenides have instigated a lot of interest as harmonic generators due to their exceptional nonlinear optical properties. Here, the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) molecular structures with dopants being in a plasma state are used to demonstrate the generation of intense high-order harmonics. The MoS2 nanoflakes and nickel-doped MoS2 nanoflakes produced stronger harmonics with higher cut-offs compared with Mo bulk and MoS2 bulk. Conversely, the MoS2 with nickel nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (MoS2-NiCNT) produced weaker coherent XUV emissions than other materials, which is attributed to the influence of phase mismatch. The influence of heating and driving pulse intensities on the harmonic yield and cut-off energies are investigated in MoS2 molecular structures. The enhanced coherent extreme ultraviolet emission at ~32 nm (38 eV) due to the 4p-4d resonant transitions is obtained from all aforementioned molecular structures, except for MoS2-NiCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mottamchetty Venkatesh
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 35, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.A.G.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kim
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, TIIAME National Research University, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Ganjaboy S. Boltaev
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, TIIAME National Research University, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Physics and Matematics, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, 104 Amir Temur, Chirchik 111700, Uzbekistan
| | - Srinivasa Rao Konda
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 35, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Rashid A. Ganeev
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, TIIAME National Research University, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Physics and Matematics, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, 104 Amir Temur, Chirchik 111700, Uzbekistan
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, 394006 Voronezh, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.A.G.)
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Song J, Cao Y, Dong J, Sun M. Superior Thermoelectric Properties of Twist-Angle Superlattice Borophene Induced by Interlayer Electrons Transport. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301348. [PMID: 36919623 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the energy bands, interlayer interactions and thermoelectric effects of twisted bilayer borophene (TBB) synthesized on Ag (111) are studied theoretically. The results manifest the advantages of twistronics, where the high electrical conductivity and the large Seebeck coefficient are regulated to the same range, which lead to the significantly increase of figure of merit ZT than that of bilayer borophene (BB) without twist, where the BB without twist is successfully synthesized on Ag (111) film is recently experimental report [Nat. Mater. 2022, 21, 35]. For the TBB synthesized of on Ag (111) film, theoretical analysis demonstrates that TBB and Ag are relatively strongly coupled, and TBB becomes a metallic 2D material, where the top and bottom borophene layers are semiconducting and metallic, respectively. TBB exhibits excellent thermoelectric efficiency due to the charge transfer bonding between the layers, less electron localization, and the regulation of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and ZT at the same region of chemical potential and the same temperature by twistronics. The structure-property relationship offers the possibility of applying TBB in thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhe Song
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jun Dong
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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35
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Kaur S, Pandey R, Karna SP. Electronic Structure Calculations of Static Hyper(Polarizabilities) of Substrate-Supported Group-IV and -V Elemental Monolayers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9614-9620. [PMID: 36936306 PMCID: PMC10018704 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The substrate-induced effects on the polarizability (α) and first dipole hyperpolarizability (β) of group-IV (i.e., graphene, silicene, germanene, stanene) and group-V (i.e., phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene) elemental monolayer nanoflakes are investigated. Density functional theory calculations show that these monolayers are bound with varying degrees of interaction strength with the Ag(111) substrate surface. Calculated dipole moment and β values are zero for the centrosymmetric configurations of the pristine elemental monolayers. On the other hand, substrate-induced changes in the electronic densities at the interface lead to substantially enhanced values of β, making these materials attractive for applications in the next-generation photonic technologies at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumandeep Kaur
- Department
of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department
of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Shashi P. Karna
- DEVCOM
Army Research Laboratory, Weapons, and Materials Research Directorate, ATTN: FCDD-RLW, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005-5069, United
States
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36
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Xie Y, Yu H, Wei J, He Q, Yu H, Zhang H. Strong, anisotropic, layer-independent second harmonic generation in multilayer SnS film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9779-9789. [PMID: 37157541 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Materials based on group IV chalcogenides exhibit extensive technologically important properties. Its unusual chemical bonding and off-centering of in-layer sublattices could cause chemical polarity and weakly broken symmetry, making optical field controlling feasible. Here, we fabricated large-area SnS multilayer films and observed unexpected strong SHG response at 1030 nm. The appreciable SHG intensities were obtained with an independence on layer, which is opposite to the generation principle of overall nonzero dipole moment only in odd-layer material. Taking GaAs for reference, the second-order susceptibility was estimated to be 7.25 pm/V enhanced by mixed-chemical bonding polarity. Further polarization-dependent SHG intensity confirmed the crystalline orientation of SnS films. The results imply surface inversion symmetry broken and nonzero polarization field modified by metavalent bonding should be the origin of SHG responses. Our observations establish multilayer SnS as a promising nonlinear material, and will guide in design of IV chalcogenides with improved optics and photonics properties for the potential applications.
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37
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Borodin BR, Benimetskiy FA, Davydov VY, Eliseyev IA, Smirnov AN, Pidgayko DA, Lepeshov SI, Bogdanov AA, Alekseev PA. Indirect bandgap MoSe 2 resonators for light-emitting nanophotonics. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:396-403. [PMID: 36723266 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00465h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising for new generation nanophotonics due to their unique optical properties. However, in contrast to direct bandgap TMD monolayers, bulk samples have an indirect bandgap that restricts their application as light emitters. On the other hand, the high refractive index of these materials allows for effective light trapping and the creation of high-Q resonators. In this work, a method for the nanofabrication of microcavities from indirect TMD multilayer flakes, which makes it possible to achieve pronounced resonant photoluminescence enhancement due to the cavity modes, is proposed. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators are fabricated from bulk indirect MoSe2 using resistless scanning probe lithography. A micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL) investigation revealed the WGM spectra of the resonators with an enhancement factor up to 100. The characteristic features of WGMs are clearly seen from the scattering experiments which are in agreement with the results of numerical simulations. It is shown that the PL spectra in the fabricated microcavities are contributed by two mechanisms demonstrating different temperature dependences. The indirect PL, which is quenched with the temperature decrease, and the direct PL which almost does not depend on the temperature. The results of the work show that the suggested approach has great prospects in nanophotonics.
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38
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Zhu S, Duan R, Chen W, Wang F, Han J, Xu X, Wu L, Ye M, Sun F, Han S, Zhao X, Tan CS, Liang H, Liu Z, Wang QJ. Ultrastrong Optical Harmonic Generations in Layered Platinum Disulfide in the Mid-Infrared. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2148-2158. [PMID: 36706067 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical activities (e.g., harmonic generations) in two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have attracted much attention due to the great promise in diverse optoelectronic applications such as nonlinear optical modulators, nonreciprocal optical device, and nonlinear optical imaging. Exploration of nonlinear optical response (e.g., frequency conversion) in the infrared, especially the mid-infrared (MIR) region, is highly desirable for ultrafast MIR laser applications ranging from tunable MIR coherent sources, MIR supercontinuum generation, and MIR frequency-comb-based spectroscopy to high harmonic generation. However, nonlinear optical effects in 2D layered materials under MIR pump are rarely reported, mainly due to the lack of suitable 2D layered materials. Van der Waals layered platinum disulfide (PtS2) with a sizable bandgap from the visible to the infrared region is a promising candidate for realizing MIR nonlinear optical devices. In this work, we investigate the nonlinear optical properties including third-and fifth-harmonic generation (THG and FHG) in thin layered PtS2 under infrared pump (1550-2510 nm). Strikingly, the ultrastrong third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3)(-3ω;ω,ω,ω) of thin layered PtS2 in the MIR region was estimated to be over 10-18 m2/V2, which is about one order of that in traditional transition metal chalcogenides. Such excellent performance makes air-stable PtS2 a potential candidate for developing next-generation MIR nonlinear photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiayue Han
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, P. R. China
| | - Lishu Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Han
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chuan Seng Tan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Houkun Liang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610064, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
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39
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Son C, Sultanov V, Santiago-Cruz T, Anthur AP, Zhang H, Paniagua-Dominguez R, Krivitsky L, Kuznetsov AI, Chekhova MV. Photon pairs bi-directionally emitted from a resonant metasurface. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2567-2572. [PMID: 36652196 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05499j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are artificially structured surfaces able to control the properties of light at subwavelength scales. While, initially, they have been proposed as means to control classical optical fields, they are now emerging as nanoscale sources of quantum light, in particular of entangled photons with versatile properties. Geometric resonances in metasurfaces have been recently used to engineer the frequency spectrum of entangled photons, but the emission directivity was so far less studied. Here, we generate photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down conversion from a metasurface supporting a quasi-bound state in the continuum (BIC) leading to remarkable emission directivities. The pair generation rate is enhanced 67 times compared to the case of an unpatterned film of the same thickness and material. At the wavelength of the quasi-BIC resonance, photons are mostly emitted backwards, while their partners, spectrally detuned by only 8 nm, are emitted forwards. This behavior demonstrates fine spectral splitting of entangled photons and their bi-directional emission, never before observed in nanoscale sources. We expect this work to be a starting point for the efficient demultiplexing of photons in nanoscale quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Son
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vitaliy Sultanov
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomás Santiago-Cruz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aravind P Anthur
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Haizhong Zhang
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Ramon Paniagua-Dominguez
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Leonid Krivitsky
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Arseniy I Kuznetsov
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Maria V Chekhova
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Electronic Structures and NLO Properties of a Series of TMDs Lateral‐Core–Shell Heterostructures Quantum Dots. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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41
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Su YH, Chen WL, Byun HR, Zhang YF, Zhuang MR, Lin YC, Chang CK, Wang PY, Lin CC, Lin KI, Liu HK, Lee MK, Jang JI, Chang YM, Hsu KF. Ba 3.5Cu 7.55In 1.15Se 9: A Wide-Bandgap Copper Indium Selenide Reveals Strong Luminescence and Third-Harmonic Generation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1570-1579. [PMID: 36656719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new copper indium selenide, Ba3.5Cu7.55In1.15Se9, was synthesized by the KBr flux reaction at 800 °C. The compound crystallizes with orthorhombic Pnma, a = 46.1700(12) Å, b = 4.26710(10) Å, c = 19.8125(5) Å, and Z = 8. The structural framework mainly consists of four sites of cubane-type defective M4Se3 (M = Cu, Cu/In) units with disordered Cu+/In3+ ions present at the part corner of each unit. The single crystal emits intense photoluminescence at 657 nm with a relative quantum yield (RQY) 0.2 times that of rhodamine 6G powder. The compound belongs to a direct band gap at 1.91 eV, analyzed by Tauc's plot, and the energy is close to the PL position. The Hall effect measurement on a pressed pellet reveals an n-type conductivity with a carrier concentration of 3.358 × 1017 cm-3 and a mobility of 24.331 cm2 V-1 s-1. Furthermore, the compound produces a strong nonlinear third-harmonic generation (THG), with an χS(3) value of 1.3 × 105 pm2/V2 comparable to 1.6 × 105 pm2/V2 for AgGaSe2 measured at 800 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Hye Ryung Byun
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul04107, South Korea
| | - Yu-Fu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Min-Rui Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kai Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu30076, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Che-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-I Lin
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Kuan Liu
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Min-Kai Lee
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
| | - Joon I Jang
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul04107, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Fang Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan70101, Taiwan
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42
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Li B, Yu Y, Xin M, Xu J, Zhao T, Kang H, Xing G, Zhao P, Zhang T, Jiang S. Second-order nonlinear optical properties of copper-based hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites induced by chiral amines. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1595-1601. [PMID: 36601712 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chiral hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are drawing wide attention due to their intrinsic noncentrosymmetric structures which result in fascinating properties such as ferroelectronics and second-order nonlinear optics (NLO). However, previous research mainly focused on chiral lead-based halide perovskites ignoring that the toxic Pb element is harmful to humans and the environment. Herein, we successfully synthesized block-like (R-/S-NEA)2CuCl4 (NEA = 1-naphthylethylamine) and needle-like (R-/S-CYHEA)6Cu3Cl12 (CYHEA = 1-cyclohexylethylamine) single crystals, which crystallize in the Sohncke P21 and I2 space group, respectively. Each pair of chiral perovskite enantiomers shows mirror circular dichroism (CD) signals. The thin films show an efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) response and the NLO coefficients of (R-NEA)2CuCl4 and (R-CYHEA)6Cu3Cl12 are 11.74 and 3.04 pm V-1, respectively, under 920 nm excitation with Y-cut quartz as a reference, which shows that the chiral amine has a significant effect on the SHG behavior. The high SHG response of (R-NEA)2CuCl4 is perhaps due to the rigidity of the aromatic amine, which leads to highly asymmetrical space groups. Our results provide guidelines for designing and tuning the SHG response in chiral HOIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Mingyang Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhe Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Huimin Kang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Guoxiang Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Peisheng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Tianyong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
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43
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Jia L, Wu J, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Jia B, Moss DJ. Third-Order Optical Nonlinearities of 2D Materials at Telecommunications Wavelengths. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:307. [PMID: 36838007 PMCID: PMC9962682 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
All-optical signal processing based on nonlinear optical devices is promising for ultrafast information processing in optical communication systems. Recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with unique structures and distinctive properties have opened up new avenues for nonlinear optics and the fabrication of related devices with high performance. This paper reviews the recent advances in research on third-order optical nonlinearities of 2D materials, focusing on all-optical processing applications in the optical telecommunications band near 1550 nm. First, we provide an overview of the material properties of different 2D materials. Next, we review different methods for characterizing the third-order optical nonlinearities of 2D materials, including the Z-scan technique, third-harmonic generation (THG) measurement, and hybrid device characterization, together with a summary of the measured n2 values in the telecommunications band. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Jia
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Qu
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - David J. Moss
- Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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44
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Wu J, Lin H, Moss DJ, Loh KP, Jia B. Graphene oxide for photonics, electronics and optoelectronics. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:162-183. [PMID: 37117900 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was initially developed to emulate graphene, but it was soon recognized as a functional material in its own right, addressing an application space that is not accessible to graphene and other carbon materials. Over the past decade, research on GO has made tremendous advances in material synthesis and property tailoring. These, in turn, have led to rapid progress in GO-based photonics, electronics and optoelectronics, paving the way for technological breakthroughs with exceptional performance. In this Review, we provide an overview of the optical, electrical and optoelectronic properties of GO and reduced GO on the basis of their chemical structures and fabrication approaches, together with their applications in key technologies such as solar energy harvesting, energy storage, medical diagnosis, image display and optical communications. We also discuss the challenges of this field, together with exciting opportunities for future technological advances.
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45
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Ultrathin quantum light source with van der Waals NbOCl 2 crystal. Nature 2023; 613:53-59. [PMID: 36600061 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interlayer electronic coupling in two-dimensional materials enables tunable and emergent properties by stacking engineering. However, it also results in significant evolution of electronic structures and attenuation of excitonic effects in two-dimensional semiconductors as exemplified by quickly degrading excitonic photoluminescence and optical nonlinearities in transition metal dichalcogenides when monolayers are stacked into van der Waals structures. Here we report a van der Waals crystal, niobium oxide dichloride (NbOCl2), featuring vanishing interlayer electronic coupling and monolayer-like excitonic behaviour in the bulk form, along with a scalable second-harmonic generation intensity of up to three orders higher than that in monolayer WS2. Notably, the strong second-order nonlinearity enables correlated parametric photon pair generation, through a spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) process, in flakes as thin as about 46 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first SPDC source unambiguously demonstrated in two-dimensional layered materials, and the thinnest SPDC source ever reported. Our work opens an avenue towards developing van der Waals material-based ultracompact on-chip SPDC sources as well as high-performance photon modulators in both classical and quantum optical technologies1-4.
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46
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Ma X, Xue N, Wang T, Li X, Zhang J, Jia Z, Zhang B, He J, Tao X. Passively Q-switched single crystal fiber pulsed laser at 1.05 µm with T 3C 2T x as the saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:44617-44627. [PMID: 36522883 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, Ti3C2Tx MXene prepared by LiF/HCl etching method was spin-coated on glass substrate and sapphire substrate as the saturable absorber (SA), and the MXene SA is combined with Yb: LuAG single crystal fiber (SCF) for the first time to achieve a 1.05 µm passively Q-switched pulsed laser output with the average power, pulse width, and repetition frequency of 1.989 W, 149.6 ns, and 365.44 kHz, respectively, which is the highest average power ever reported for passively Q-switched SCF pulsed lasers. This work enriches the research on SCF pulsed lasers and provides a feasible approach for achieving high-power all-solid-state pulsed lasers.
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47
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Kravets V, Zhukov AA, Holwill M, Novoselov KS, Grigorenko AN. "Dead" Exciton Layer and Exciton Anisotropy of Bulk MoS 2 Extracted from Optical Measurements. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18637-18647. [PMID: 36351038 PMCID: PMC9706669 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Excitons (electron-hole pairs bound by the Coulomb potential) play an important role in optical and electronic properties of layered materials. They can be used to modulate light with high frequencies due to the optical Pauli blocking. The properties of excitons in 2D materials are extremely anisotropic. However, due to nanometre sizes of excitons and their short life times, reliable tools to study this anisotropy are lacking. Here, we show how direct optical reflection measurements can be used to evaluate anisotropy of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides MoS2. Using focused beam spectroscopic ellipsometry, we have measured the polarized optical reflection of bulk MoS2 for two crystal orientations: c-axis being perpendicular to the surface from which reflection is measured and c-axis being parallel to the surface from which reflection is measured. We found that for the parallel configuration the optical reflection near excitonic transitions is strongly affected by the presence of the exciton "dead" layer such that the excitonic reflection peaks become the excitonic dips due to light interference. At the same time, the optical reflection for the perpendicular orientation is not significantly altered by the exciton "dead" layer due to large anisotropy of exciton properties. Performing simultaneous Fresnel fitting for both geometries, we were able to evaluate exciton anisotropy in layered materials from simple optical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl
G. Kravets
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander A. Zhukov
- National
Graphene Institute, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Holwill
- National
Graphene Institute, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Alexander N. Grigorenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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48
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Shi J, Wu X, Wu K, Zhang S, Sui X, Du W, Yue S, Liang Y, Jiang C, Wang Z, Wang W, Liu L, Wu B, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Qiu CW, Liu X. Giant Enhancement and Directional Second Harmonic Emission from Monolayer WS 2 on Silicon Substrate via Fabry-Pérot Micro-Cavity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13933-13941. [PMID: 35984986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess large second-order optical nonlinearity, making them ideal candidates for miniaturized on-chip frequency conversion devices, all-optical interconnection, and optoelectronic integration components. However, limited by subnanometer thickness, the monolayer TMD exhibits low second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency (<0.1%) and poor directionality, which hinders their practical applications. Herein, we proposed a Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity formed by coupling an atomically thin WS2 film with a silicon hole matrix to enhance the SH emission. A maximum enhancement (∼1580 times) is achieved by tuning the excitation wavelength to be resonant with the microcavity modes. The giant enhancement is attributed to the strong electric field enhancement in the F-P cavity and the oscillator strength enhancement of excitons from suspended WS2. Moreover, directional SH emission (divergence angle ∼5°) is obtained benefiting from the resonance of the F-P microcavity. Our research results can provide a practical sketch to develop both high-efficiency and directional nonlinear optical devices for silicon-based on-chip integration optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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49
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Yu Z, Cao S, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Dong M, Fu Y, Zhao J, Yang J, Jiang L, Wu Y. Chiral Lead-Free Double Perovskite Single-Crystalline Microwire Arrays for Anisotropic Second-Harmonic Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39451-39458. [PMID: 35984310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Halide double perovskites present a new branch for versatile optoelectronic devices because of their huge structural compatibility and environmental friendliness, whereas nonlinear optics (NLO) devices remain blank for this fascinating family. Simultaneously, the precise patterning of single-crystalline perovskite microwire arrays remains a challenge for the integration of NLO devices. Herein, we designed lead-free chiral 2D double perovskites with the nonsymmetrical structure presenting second-harmonic generation (SHG). Furthermore, perovskite single-crystalline arrays with regulated geometry, pure orientation, and high crystallinity are prepared using the capillary-bridge confined assembly technique. The efficient SHG originates from the asymmetric crystal structure and high crystallinity of the microwire arrays. Compared with their polycrystalline thin-film counterparts, linearly polarized SHG and a higher SHG conversion efficiency are demonstrated based on microwire arrays. The results not only expand the applications of lead-free double perovskites in the NLO-integrated fields but also provide a viable way for lead-free optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Yu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yangwu Guo
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Meiqiu Dong
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Fu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingrun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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50
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Ahmed S, Cheng PK, Qiao J, Gao W, Saleque AM, Al Subri Ivan MN, Wang T, Alam TI, Hani SU, Guo ZL, Yu SF, Tsang YH. Nonlinear Optical Activities in Two-Dimensional Gallium Sulfide: A Comprehensive Study. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12390-12402. [PMID: 35876327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials are fascinating for fundamental physics and optoelectronic device development. However, relatively few investigations have been conducted to establish the combined NLO activities of a 2D material. Herein, a study of numerous NLO properties of 2D gallium sulfide (GaS), including second-harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and NLO absorption are presented. The layer-dependent SHG response of 2D GaS identifies the noncentrosymmetric nature of the odd layers, and the second-order susceptibility (χ2) value of 47.98 pm/V (three-layers of GaS) indicates the superior efficiency of the SHG signal. In addition, structural deformation induces the symmetry breaking and facilitates the SHG in the bulk samples, whereas a possible efficient symmetry breaking in the liquid-phase exfoliated samples results in an enhancement of the SHG signal, providing prospective fields of investigation for researchers. The generation of TPEF from 800 to 860 nm depicts the two-photon absorption characteristics of 2D GaS material. Moreover, the saturable absorption characteristics of 2D GaS are realized from the largest nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) of -9.3 × 103, -91.0 × 103, and -6.05 × 103 cm/GW and giant modulation depths (Ts) of 24.4%, 35.3%, and 29.1% at three different wavelengths of 800, 1066, and 1560 nm, respectively. Hence, such NLO activities indicate that 2D GaS material can facilitate in the technical advancements of future nonlinear optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safayet Ahmed
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Kwong Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Qiao
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Polarization and Information Technology, Research Institute of Laser, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Mortuza Saleque
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Nahian Al Subri Ivan
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Tawsif Ibne Alam
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumaiya Umme Hani
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong Liang Guo
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siu Fung Yu
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuen Hong Tsang
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 518057 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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