1
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Bi L, Garg R, Noriega N, Wang RJ, Kim H, Vorotilo K, Burrell JC, Shuck CE, Vitale F, Patel BA, Gogotsi Y. Soft, Multifunctional MXene-Coated Fiber Microelectrodes for Biointerfacing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:23217-23231. [PMID: 39141004 PMCID: PMC11363215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Flexible fiber-based microelectrodes allow safe and chronic investigation and modulation of electrically active cells and tissues. Compared to planar electrodes, they enhance targeting precision while minimizing side effects from the device-tissue mechanical mismatch. However, the current manufacturing methods face scalability, reproducibility, and handling challenges, hindering large-scale deployment. Furthermore, only a few designs can record electrical and biochemical signals necessary for understanding and interacting with complex biological systems. In this study, we present a method that utilizes the electrical conductivity and easy processability of MXenes, a diverse family of two-dimensional nanomaterials, to apply a thin layer of MXene coating continuously to commercial nylon filaments (30-300 μm in diameter) at a rapid speed (up to 15 mm/s), achieving a linear resistance below 10 Ω/cm. The MXene-coated filaments are then batch-processed into free-standing fiber microelectrodes with excellent flexibility, durability, and consistent performance even when knotted. We demonstrate the electrochemical properties of these fiber electrodes and their hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing capability and showcase their applications in vivo (rodent) and ex vivo (bladder tissue). This scalable process fabricates high-performance microfiber electrodes that can be easily customized and deployed in diverse bioelectronic monitoring and stimulation studies, contributing to a deeper understanding of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Bi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Raghav Garg
- Department
of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Natalia Noriega
- School
of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, U.K.
| | - Ruocun John Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kseniia Vorotilo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Justin C. Burrell
- Department
of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher E. Shuck
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department
of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- School
of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, U.K.
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Dang C, Wang Z, Hughes-Riley T, Dias T, Qian S, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu M, Yu S, Liu R, Xu D, Wei L, Yan W, Zhu M. Fibres-threads of intelligence-enable a new generation of wearable systems. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8790-8846. [PMID: 39087714 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Fabrics represent a unique platform for seamlessly integrating electronics into everyday experiences. The advancements in functionalizing fabrics at both the single fibre level and within constructed fabrics have fundamentally altered their utility. The revolution in materials, structures, and functionality at the fibre level enables intimate and imperceptible integration, rapidly transforming fibres and fabrics into next-generation wearable devices and systems. In this review, we explore recent scientific and technological breakthroughs in smart fibre-enabled fabrics. We examine common challenges and bottlenecks in fibre materials, physics, chemistry, fabrication strategies, and applications that shape the future of wearable electronics. We propose a closed-loop smart fibre-enabled fabric ecosystem encompassing proactive sensing, interactive communication, data storage and processing, real-time feedback, and energy storage and harvesting, intended to tackle significant challenges in wearable technology. Finally, we envision computing fabrics as sophisticated wearable platforms with system-level attributes for data management, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and closed-loop intelligent networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Theodore Hughes-Riley
- Nottingham School of Art and Design, Nottingham Trent University, Dryden Street, Nottingham, NG1 4GG, UK.
| | - Tilak Dias
- Nottingham School of Art and Design, Nottingham Trent University, Dryden Street, Nottingham, NG1 4GG, UK.
| | - Shengtai Qian
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Xingbei Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Mingyang Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Senlong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Rongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Dewen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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3
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Pan Y, Wang W, Shui Y, Murphy JF, Huang YYS. Fabrication, sustainability, and key performance indicators of bioelectronics via fiber building blocks. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2024; 5:101930. [PMID: 39220756 PMCID: PMC11364162 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics provide efficient information exchange between living systems and man-made devices, acting as a vital bridge in merging the domains of biology and technology. Using functional fibers as building blocks, bioelectronics could be hierarchically assembled with vast design possibilities across different scales, enhancing their application-specific biointegration, ergonomics, and sustainability. In this work, the authors review recent developments in bioelectronic fiber elements by reflecting on their fabrication approaches and key performance indicators, including the life cycle sustainability, environmental electromechanical performance, and functional adaptabilities. By delving into the challenges associated with physical deployment and exploring innovative design strategies for adaptability, we propose avenues for future development of bioelectronics via fiber building blocks, boosting the potential of "Fiber of Things" for market-ready bioelectronic products with minimized environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Pan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FF Cambridge, UK
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Smart Manufacturing Thrust, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Shui
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FF Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack F. Murphy
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FF Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FF Cambridge, UK
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4
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Hasan MM, Rahman M, Sadeque MSB, Ordu M. Self-Poled Piezoelectric Nanocomposite Fiber Sensors for Wireless Monitoring of Physiological Signals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34549-34560. [PMID: 38940307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered sensors have the potential to enable real-time health monitoring without contributing to the ever-growing demand for energy. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) respond to mechanical deformations to produce electrical signals, imparting a sensing capability without external power sources. Textiles conform to the human body and serve as an interactive biomechanical energy harvesting and sensing medium without compromising comfort. However, the textile-based PENG fabrication process is complex and lacks scalability, making these devices impractical for mass production. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a long-length PENG fiber compatible with industrial-scale manufacturing. The thermal drawing process enables the one-step fabrication of self-poled MoS2-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposite fiber devices integrated with electrodes. Heat and stress during thermal drawing and MoS2 nanoparticle addition facilitate interfacial polarization and dielectric modulation to enhance the output performance. The fibers show a 57 and 70% increase in the output voltage and current compared to the pristine PVDF fiber, respectively, at a considerably low MoS2 loading of 3 wt %. The low Young's modulus of the outer cladding ensures an effective stress transfer to the piezocomposite domain and allows minute motion detection. The flexible fibers demonstrate wireless, self-powered physiological sensing and biomotion analysis capability. The study aims to guide the large-scale production of highly sensitive integrated fibers to enable textile-based and plug-and-play wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehdi Hasan
- UNAM─Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mahmudur Rahman
- UNAM─Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Md Sazid Bin Sadeque
- UNAM─Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Ordu
- UNAM─Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
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5
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Wang X, Liu W, Luo Q, Yao L, Wei F. Thermally Drawn-Based Microtubule Soft Continuum Robot for Cardiovascular Intervention. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29783-29792. [PMID: 38811019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is becoming the leading cause of human mortality. In order to address this, flexible continuum robots have emerged as a promising solution for miniaturizing and automating vascular interventional equipment for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases. However, existing continuum robots used for vascular intervention face challenges such as large cross-sectional sizes, inadequate driving force, and lack of navigation control, preventing them from accessing cerebral blood vessels or capillaries for medical procedures. Additionally, the complex manufacturing process and high cost of soft continuum robots hinder their widespread clinical application. In this study, we propose a thermally drawn-based microtubule soft continuum robot that overcomes these limitations. The proposed robot has cross-sectional dimensions several orders of magnitude smaller than the smallest commercially available conduits, and it can be manufactured without any length restrictions. By utilizing a driving strategy based on liquid kinetic energy advancement and external magnetic field for steering, the robot can easily navigate within blood vessels and accurately reach the site of the lesion. This innovation holds the potential to achieve controlled navigation of the robot throughout the entire blood vessel, enabling in situ diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Qinzhou Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ligang Yao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Fanan Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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6
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Sahasrabudhe A, Rupprecht LE, Orguc S, Khudiyev T, Tanaka T, Sands J, Zhu W, Tabet A, Manthey M, Allen H, Loke G, Antonini MJ, Rosenfeld D, Park J, Garwood IC, Yan W, Niroui F, Fink Y, Chandrakasan A, Bohórquez DV, Anikeeva P. Multifunctional microelectronic fibers enable wireless modulation of gut and brain neural circuits. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:892-904. [PMID: 37349522 PMCID: PMC11180606 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Progress in understanding brain-viscera interoceptive signaling is hindered by a dearth of implantable devices suitable for probing both brain and peripheral organ neurophysiology during behavior. Here we describe multifunctional neural interfaces that combine the scalability and mechanical versatility of thermally drawn polymer-based fibers with the sophistication of microelectronic chips for organs as diverse as the brain and the gut. Our approach uses meters-long continuous fibers that can integrate light sources, electrodes, thermal sensors and microfluidic channels in a miniature footprint. Paired with custom-fabricated control modules, the fibers wirelessly deliver light for optogenetics and transfer data for physiological recording. We validate this technology by modulating the mesolimbic reward pathway in the mouse brain. We then apply the fibers in the anatomically challenging intestinal lumen and demonstrate wireless control of sensory epithelial cells that guide feeding behaviors. Finally, we show that optogenetic stimulation of vagal afferents from the intestinal lumen is sufficient to evoke a reward phenotype in untethered mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura E Rupprecht
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sirma Orguc
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tural Khudiyev
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tomo Tanaka
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Secure System Platform Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Joanna Sands
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Weikun Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Tabet
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marie Manthey
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harrison Allen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Loke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc-Joseph Antonini
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard/MIT Health Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dekel Rosenfeld
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jimin Park
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Indie C Garwood
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard/MIT Health Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Farnaz Niroui
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yoel Fink
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anantha Chandrakasan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diego V Bohórquez
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Qi M, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yuan S, Li K, Zhang Q, Chen M, Wei L. Self-Healable Multifunctional Fibers via Thermal Drawing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400785. [PMID: 38682447 PMCID: PMC11200011 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The development of soft electronics and soft fiber devices has significantly advanced flexible and wearable technology. However, they still face the risk of damage when exposed to sharp objects in real-life applications. Taking inspiration from nature, self-healable materials that can restore their physical properties after external damage offer a solution to this problem. Nevertheless, large-scale production of self-healable fibers is currently constrained. To address this limitation, this study leverages the thermal drawing technique to create elastic and stretchable self-healable thermoplastic polyurethane (STPU) fibers, enabling cost-effective mass production of such functional fibers. Furthermore, despite substantial research into the mechanisms of self-healable materials, quantifying their healing speed and time poses a persistent challenge. Thus, transmission spectra are employed as a monitoring tool to observe the real-time self-healing process, facilitating an in-depth investigation into the healing kinetics and efficiency. The versatility of the fabricated self-healable fiber extends to its ability to be doped with a wide range of functional materials, including dye molecules and magnetic microparticles, which enables modular assembly to develop distributed strain sensors and soft actuators. These achievements highlight the potential applications of self-healable fibers that seamlessly integrate with daily lives and open up new possibilities in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument ScienceKey Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of EducationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Zhejiang LabHangzhou311100China
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
| | - Shixing Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Kaiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun130022China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument ScienceKey Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of EducationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Zhejiang LabHangzhou311100China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
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8
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Kim D, Cha BJ, Guo H, Gao G, Pennington C, Wong MS, Getachew BA, Han Y. Precise Fabrication and Manipulation of Individual Polymer Nanofibers. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6038-6042. [PMID: 38735063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Polymer nanofibers hold promise in a wide range of applications owing to their diverse properties, flexibility, and cost effectiveness. In this study, we introduce a polymer nanofiber drawing process in a scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam (SEM/FIB) instrument with in situ observation. We employed a nanometer-sharp tungsten needle and prepolymer microcapsules to enable nanofiber drawing in a vacuum environment. This method produces individual polymer nanofibers with diameters as small as ∼500 nm and lengths extending to millimeters, yielding nanofibers with an aspect ratio of 2000:1. The attachment to the tungsten manipulator ensures accurate transfer of the polymer nanofiber to diverse substrate types as well as fabrication of assembled structures. Our findings provide valuable insights into ultrafine polymer fiber drawing, paving the way for high-precision manipulation and assembly of polymer nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Byeong Jun Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Chris Pennington
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Michael S Wong
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005 United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Bezawit A Getachew
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005 United States
| | - Yimo Han
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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9
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Lin Z, Duan S, Liu M, Dang C, Qian S, Zhang L, Wang H, Yan W, Zhu M. Insights into Materials, Physics, and Applications in Flexible and Wearable Acoustic Sensing Technology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306880. [PMID: 38015990 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Sound plays a crucial role in the perception of the world. It allows to communicate, learn, and detect potential dangers, diagnose diseases, and much more. However, traditional acoustic sensors are limited in their form factors, being rigid and cumbersome, which restricts their potential applications. Recently, acoustic sensors have made significant advancements, transitioning from rudimentary forms to wearable devices and smart everyday clothing that can conform to soft, curved, and deformable surfaces or surroundings. In this review, the latest scientific and technological breakthroughs with insightful analysis in materials, physics, design principles, fabrication strategies, functions, and applications of flexible and wearable acoustic sensing technology are comprehensively explored. The new generation of acoustic sensors that can recognize voice, interact with machines, control robots, enable marine positioning and localization, monitor structural health, diagnose human vital signs in deep tissues, and perform organ imaging is highlighted. These innovations offer unique solutions to significant challenges in fields such as healthcare, biomedicine, wearables, robotics, and metaverse. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in the field are addressed, providing strategies to advance acoustic sensing technologies for intriguing real-world applications and inspire new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengshun Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingyang Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chao Dang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengtai Qian
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Luxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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10
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Li P, Wang Y, He X, Cui Y, Ouyang J, Ouyang J, He Z, Hu J, Liu X, Wei H, Wang Y, Lu X, Ji Q, Cai X, Liu L, Hou C, Zhou N, Pan S, Wang X, Zhou H, Qiu CW, Lu YQ, Tao G. Wearable and interactive multicolored photochromic fiber display. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:48. [PMID: 38355692 PMCID: PMC10866970 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Endowing flexible and adaptable fiber devices with light-emitting capabilities has the potential to revolutionize the current design philosophy of intelligent, wearable interactive devices. However, significant challenges remain in developing fiber devices when it comes to achieving uniform and customizable light effects while utilizing lightweight hardware. Here, we introduce a mass-produced, wearable, and interactive photochromic fiber that provides uniform multicolored light control. We designed independent waveguides inside the fiber to maintain total internal reflection of light as it traverses the fiber. The impact of excessive light leakage on the overall illuminance can be reduced by utilizing the saturable absorption effect of fluorescent materials to ensure light emission uniformity along the transmission direction. In addition, we coupled various fluorescent composite materials inside the fiber to achieve artificially controllable spectral radiation of multiple color systems in a single fiber. We prepared fibers on mass-produced kilometer-long using the thermal drawing method. The fibers can be directly integrated into daily wearable devices or clothing in various patterns and combined with other signal input components to control and display patterns as needed. This work provides a new perspective and inspiration to the existing field of fiber display interaction, paving the way for future human-machine integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoxian He
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yuyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jingyu Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ju Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zicheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiayu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hang Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- School of Performing Arts, Wuhan Conservatory of Music, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qian Ji
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinyuan Cai
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Fashion, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shaowu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Guangming Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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11
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Yang Y, Liu J, Chen G, Gao A, Wang J, Wang J. Stretchable Fibers with Highly Conductive Surfaces and Robust Electromechanical Performances for Electronic Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6122-6132. [PMID: 38272468 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
One-dimensional conductive fibers that can simultaneously accommodate multiple deformations are crucial materials to enable next-generation electronic textile technologies for applications in the fields of healthcare, energy harvesting, human-machine interactions, etc. Stretchable conductive fibers (SCFs) with high conductivity on their external structure are important for their direct integration with other electronic components. However, the dilemma to achieve high conductivity and concurrently large stretchability is still quite challenging to resolve among conductive fibers with a conductive surface. Here, a three-layer coaxial conductive fiber, which can provide robust electrical performance under various deformations, is reported. A dual conducting structure with a semisolid metallic layer and a stretchable composite layer was designed in the fibers, providing exceptional conductivity and mechanical stability under mechanical strains. The conductive fiber achieved an initial conductivity of 2291.83 S cm-1 on the entire fiber and could be stretched up to 600% strains. With the excellent electromechanical properties of the SCF, we were able to demonstrate different electronic textile applications including physiological monitoring, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangchuan Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ang Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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12
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Xue E, Liu L, Wu W, Wang B. Soft Fiber/Textile Actuators: From Design Strategies to Diverse Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:89-118. [PMID: 38146868 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fiber/textile-based actuators have garnered considerable attention due to their distinctive attributes, encompassing higher degrees of freedom, intriguing deformations, and enhanced adaptability to complex structures. Recent studies highlight the development of advanced fibers and textiles, expanding the application scope of fiber/textile-based actuators across diverse emerging fields. Unlike sheet-like soft actuators, fibers/textiles with intricate structures exhibit versatile movements, such as contraction, coiling, bending, and folding, achieved through adjustable strain and stroke. In this review article, we provide a timely and comprehensive overview of fiber/textile actuators, including structures, fabrication methods, actuation principles, and applications. After discussing the hierarchical structure and deformation of the fiber/textile actuator, we discuss various spinning strategies, detailing the merits and drawbacks of each. Next, we present the actuation principles of fiber/fabric actuators, along with common external stimuli. In addition, we provide a summary of the emerging applications of fiber/textile actuators. Concluding with an assessment of existing challenges and future opportunities, this review aims to provide a valuable perspective on the enticing realm of fiber/textile-based actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Xue
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
| | - Limei Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Binghao Wang
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
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13
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Xiong T, He B, Wang Z, Zhang H, Hu D, Liu Y, Yang C, Li Q, Chen M, Zhang Q, Wei L. Fiber Crossbars: An Emerging Architecture of Smart Electronic Textiles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300576. [PMID: 37042804 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearables have a significant impact on people's daily lives, enabling personalized motion monitoring, realizing the Internet of Things, and even reshaping the next generation of telemedicine systems. Fiber crossbars (FCs), constructed by crossing two fibers, have become an emerging architecture among the accessible structures of state-of-the-art smart electronic textiles. The mechanical, chemical, and electrical interactions between crossing fibers result in extensive functionalities, leading to the significant development of innovative electronic textiles employing FCs as their basic units. This review provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the structure designs, material selections, and assembly techniques of FC-based devices. The recent advances in FC-based devices are summarized, including multipurpose sensing, multiple-mode computing, high-resolution display, high-efficient power supply, and large-scale textile systems. Finally, current challenges, potential solutions, and future perspectives for FC-based systems are discussed for their further development in scale-up production and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Xiong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bing He
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Haozhe Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
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14
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Zhang Y, Wu X, Vadlamani RA, Lim Y, Kim J, David K, Gilbert E, Li Y, Wang R, Jiang S, Wang A, Sontheimer H, English DF, Emori S, Davalos RV, Poelzing S, Jia X. Submillimeter Multifunctional Ferromagnetic Fiber Robots for Navigation, Sensing, and Modulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300964. [PMID: 37473719 PMCID: PMC10799194 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Small-scale robots capable of remote active steering and navigation offer great potential for biomedical applications. However, the current design and manufacturing procedure impede their miniaturization and integration of various diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities. Herein, submillimeter fiber robots that can integrate navigation, sensing, and modulation functions are presented. These fiber robots are fabricated through a scalable thermal drawing process at a speed of 4 meters per minute, which enables the integration of ferromagnetic, electrical, optical, and microfluidic composite with an overall diameter of as small as 250 µm and a length of as long as 150 m. The fiber tip deflection angle can reach up to 54o under a uniform magnetic field of 45 mT. These fiber robots can navigate through complex and constrained environments, such as artificial vessels and brain phantoms. Moreover, Langendorff mouse hearts model, glioblastoma micro platforms, and in vivo mouse models are utilized to demonstrate the capabilities of sensing electrophysiology signals and performing a localized treatment. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the fiber robots can serve as endoscopes with embedded waveguides. These fiber robots provide a versatile platform for targeted multimodal detection and treatment at hard-to-reach locations in a minimally invasive and remotely controllable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Ram Anand Vadlamani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Youngmin Lim
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jongwoon Kim
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Kailee David
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Earl Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - You Li
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Anbo Wang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | | | - Satoru Emori
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Xiaoting Jia
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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15
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Shi HH, Pan Y, Xu L, Feng X, Wang W, Potluri P, Hu L, Hasan T, Huang YYS. Sustainable electronic textiles towards scalable commercialization. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1294-1303. [PMID: 37500958 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Textiles represent a fundamental material format that is extensively integrated into our everyday lives. The quest for more versatile and body-compatible wearable electronics has led to the rise of electronic textiles (e-textiles). By enhancing textiles with electronic functionalities, e-textiles define a new frontier of wearable platforms for human augmentation. To realize the transformational impact of wearable e-textiles, materials innovations can pave the way for effective user adoption and the creation of a sustainable circular economy. We propose a repair, recycle, replacement and reduction circular e-textile paradigm. We envisage a systematic design framework embodying material selection and biofabrication concepts that can unify environmental friendliness, market viability, supply-chain resilience and user experience quality. This framework establishes a set of actionable principles for the industrialization and commercialization of future sustainable e-textile products.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoTian Harvey Shi
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yifei Pan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xueming Feng
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Prasad Potluri
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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16
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Li B, Zhou L, Wang B, Yin M, Qian Y, Shi X, Guo Z, Han Z, Hu N, Sun L. Nanoscale Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in a Metal Matrix to Boost Thermal and Electrical Conductivity via Facile Ball Milling Techniques. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2815. [PMID: 37887965 PMCID: PMC10609409 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)/metal composites have attracted much attention due to their enhanced electrical and thermal performance. How to achieve the scalable fabrication of composites with efficient dispersion of CNTs to boost their performance remains a challenge for their wide realistic applications. Herein, the nanoscale dispersion of CNTs in the Stannum (Sn) matrix to boost thermal and electrical conductivity via facile ball milling techniques was demonstrated. The results revealed that CNTs were tightly attached to metal Sn, resulting in a much lower resistivity than that of bare Sn. The resistivity of Sn with 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% CNTs was 0.087 mΩ·cm and 0.056 mΩ·cm, respectively. The theoretical calculation showed that there was an electronic state near the Fermi level, suggesting its electrical conductivity had been improved to a certain extent. In addition, the thermal conductivity of Sn with 2 wt.% CNTs was 1.255 W·m-1·K-1. Moreover, Young's modulus of the composites with CNTs mass fraction of 10 wt.% had low values (0.933 MPa) under low strain conditions, indicating the composite shows good potential for various applications with different flexible requirements. The good electrical and thermal conductive CNT networks were formed in the metal matrix via facile ball milling techniques. This strategy can provide guidance for designing high-performance metal samples and holds a broad application potential in electronic packaging and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Q.); (X.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Q.); (X.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Q.); (X.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Maoshu Yin
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Q.); (X.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yong Qian
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Q.); (X.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Xianglei Shi
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Q.); (X.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhejun Guo
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Q.); (X.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhao Han
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road No. 800, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Nantao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road No. 800, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Lijie Sun
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Q.); (X.S.); (Z.G.)
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17
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Liu X, Zhu W, Deng P, Li T. Redesigning Natural Materials for Energy, Water, Environment, and Devices. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18657-18668. [PMID: 37725794 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) acknowledges that global cooperation is paramount to mitigate climate change and further warming. The global community is committed to renewable energy and natural materials to tackle this challenge for all humankind. The widespread use of natural materials is embraced as one such action to reach net-zero carbon emissions. Given the hierarchical framework and earth abundance, cellulose-based materials extend their negative carbon benefits to our daily products and accelerate our pace toward carbon neutrality. Here, we present an overview of recent developments of cellulose-based materials in upsurging applications in radiative cooling, thermal insulation, nanofluidics, and wearable devices. We also highlight various modifications and functionalized processes that transform massive amounts of cellulose into green products. The prosperous development of functionalized cellulose materials aligns with a circular economy. Expedited interdisciplinary fundamental investigations are expected to make fibrillated cellulose penetrate more into carbon downdraw at speed and scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pengfei Deng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tian Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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18
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Garwood IC, Major AJ, Antonini MJ, Correa J, Lee Y, Sahasrabudhe A, Mahnke MK, Miller EK, Brown EN, Anikeeva P. Multifunctional fibers enable modulation of cortical and deep brain activity during cognitive behavior in macaques. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0974. [PMID: 37801492 PMCID: PMC10558126 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Recording and modulating neural activity in vivo enables investigations of the neurophysiology underlying behavior and disease. However, there is a dearth of translational tools for simultaneous recording and localized receptor-specific modulation. We address this limitation by translating multifunctional fiber neurotechnology previously only available for rodent studies to enable cortical and subcortical neural recording and modulation in macaques. We record single-neuron and broader oscillatory activity during intracranial GABA infusions in the premotor cortex and putamen. By applying state-space models to characterize changes in electrophysiology, we uncover that neural activity evoked by a working memory task is reshaped by even a modest local inhibition. The recordings provide detailed insight into the electrophysiological effect of neurotransmitter receptor modulation in both cortical and subcortical structures in an awake macaque. Our results demonstrate a first-time application of multifunctional fibers for causal studies of neuronal activity in behaving nonhuman primates and pave the way for clinical translation of fiber-based neurotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indie C. Garwood
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex J. Major
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc-Joseph Antonini
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Josefina Correa
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Youngbin Lee
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Atharva Sahasrabudhe
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meredith K. Mahnke
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Earl K. Miller
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emery N. Brown
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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19
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Zhang J, Zeng F, Liu B, Wang Z, Lin X, Zhao H, Wang Y. A biomimetic closed-loop recyclable, long-term durable, extreme-condition resistant, flame-retardant nanocoating synthesized by reversible flocculation assembly. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4551-4561. [PMID: 37564015 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Flame-retardant coatings have attracted increasing attention in mitigating the fire threat of flammable polymer materials. Their durable application inevitably provides high resistance to various complex environments, however, discarded stable materials will turn into another man-made waste disaster. The paradigm shift toward a sustainable future is to combine durability and recyclability of coatings. Herein, we demonstrate a biomimetic coating that reversibly captures active flame-retardant nanomaterials by flocculation assembly using anionic polyacrylamide covering the polyurethane foam surface. Strong hydrogen bonding and microstructural interlocking provide the coating with high durability under complex harsh conditions (underwater, chemical exposure, hydrothermal aging, long-term external extrusion, etc.). Meanwhile, the disassembly/reorganization of the coating can be easily repeated in response to pH stimulation with a recycling rate of 97%. The experiments and theoretical calculations reveal the mechanism of the reversible flocculation assembly. This biomimetic strategy of responsive flocculation assembly opens the way for functional coatings with integrated durability and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Furong Zeng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Bowen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Zihao Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Xincen Lin
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Haibo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
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20
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Xu S, Momin M, Ahmed S, Hossain A, Veeramuthu L, Pandiyan A, Kuo CC, Zhou T. Illuminating the Brain: Advances and Perspectives in Optoelectronics for Neural Activity Monitoring and Modulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303267. [PMID: 37726261 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic modulation of brain neural activity that combines optical and electrical modes in a unitary neural system has recently gained robust momentum. Controlling illumination spatial coverage, designing light-activated modulators, and developing wireless light delivery and data transmission are crucial for maximizing the use of optical neuromodulation. To this end, biocompatible electrodes with enhanced optoelectrical performance, device integration for multiplexed addressing, wireless transmission, and multimodal operation in soft systems have been developed. This review provides an outlook for uniformly illuminating large brain areas while spatiotemporally imaging the neural responses upon optoelectrical stimulation with little artifacts. Representative concepts and important breakthroughs, such as head-mounted illumination, multiple implanted optical fibers, and micro-light-delivery devices, are discussed. Examples of techniques that incorporate electrophysiological monitoring and optoelectrical stimulation are presented. Challenges and perspectives are posed for further research efforts toward high-density optoelectrical neural interface modulation, with the potential for nonpharmacological neurological disease treatments and wireless optoelectrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Marzia Momin
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Arafat Hossain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Loganathan Veeramuthu
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Republic of China
| | - Archana Pandiyan
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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21
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Lee Y, Koehler F, Dillon T, Loke G, Kim Y, Marion J, Antonini MJ, Garwood I, Sahasrabudhe A, Nagao K, Zhao X, Fink Y, Roche ET, Anikeeva P. Magnetically Actuated Fiber-Based Soft Robots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301916. [PMID: 37269476 PMCID: PMC10526629 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Broad adoption of magnetic soft robotics is hampered by the sophisticated field paradigms for their manipulation and the complexities in controlling multiple devices. Furthermore, high-throughput fabrication of such devices across spatial scales remains challenging. Here, advances in fiber-based actuators and magnetic elastomer composites are leveraged to create 3D magnetic soft robots controlled by unidirectional fields. Thermally drawn elastomeric fibers are instrumented with a magnetic composite synthesized to withstand strains exceeding 600%. A combination of strain and magnetization engineering in these fibers enables programming of 3D robots capable of crawling or walking in magnetic fields orthogonal to the plane of motion. Magnetic robots act as cargo carriers, and multiple robots can be controlled simultaneously and in opposing directions using a single stationary electromagnet. The scalable approach to fabrication and control of magnetic soft robots invites their future applications in constrained environments where complex fields cannot be readily deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Florian Koehler
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tom Dillon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gabriel Loke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yoonho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Juliette Marion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc-Joseph Antonini
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Indie Garwood
- Harvard/MIT Health Science & Technology Graduate Program; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Atharva Sahasrabudhe
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yoel Fink
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ellen T. Roche
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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22
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Sadri B, Gao W. Fibrous wearable and implantable bioelectronics. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 10:031303. [PMID: 37576610 PMCID: PMC10364553 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous wearable and implantable devices have emerged as a promising technology, offering a range of new solutions for minimally invasive monitoring of human health. Compared to traditional biomedical devices, fibers offer a possibility for a modular design compatible with large-scale manufacturing and a plethora of advantages including mechanical compliance, breathability, and biocompatibility. The new generation of fibrous biomedical devices can revolutionize easy-to-use and accessible health monitoring systems by serving as building blocks for most common wearables such as fabrics and clothes. Despite significant progress in the fabrication, materials, and application of fibrous biomedical devices, there is still a notable absence of a comprehensive and systematic review on the subject. This review paper provides an overview of recent advancements in the development of fibrous wearable and implantable electronics. We categorized these advancements into three main areas: manufacturing processes, platforms, and applications, outlining their respective merits and limitations. The paper concludes by discussing the outlook and challenges that lie ahead for fiber bioelectronics, providing a holistic view of its current stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sadri
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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23
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Banerjee H, Leber A, Laperrousaz S, La Polla R, Dong C, Mansour S, Wan X, Sorin F. Soft Multimaterial Magnetic Fibers and Textiles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212202. [PMID: 37080546 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically responsive soft materials are promising building blocks for the next generation of soft robotics, prosthesis, surgical tools, and smart textiles. To date, however, the fabrication of highly integrated magnetic fibers with extreme aspect ratios, that can be used as steerable catheters, endoscopes, or within functional textiles remains challenging. Here, multimaterial thermal drawing is proposed as a material and processing platform to realize 10s of meters long soft, ultrastretchable, yet highly resilient magnetic fibers. Fibers with a diameter as low as 300 µm and an aspect ratio of 105 are demonstrated, integrating nanocomposite domains with ferromagnetic microparticles embedded in a soft elastomeric matrix. With the proper choice of filler content that must strike the right balance between magnetization density and mechanical stiffness, fibers withstanding strains of >1000% are shown, which can be magnetically actuated and lift up to 370 times their own weight. Magnetic fibers can also integrate other functionalities like microfluidic channels, and be weaved into conventional textiles. It is shown that the novel magnetic textiles can be washed and sustain extreme mechanical constraints, as well as be folded into arbitrary shapes when magnetically actuated, paving the way toward novel intriguing opportunities in medical textiles and soft magnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hritwick Banerjee
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Leber
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stella Laperrousaz
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rémi La Polla
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Syrine Mansour
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xue Wan
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Sorin
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Zhang S, Zhou M, Liu M, Guo ZH, Qu H, Chen W, Tan SC. Ambient-conditions spinning of functional soft fibers via engineering molecular chain networks and phase separation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3245. [PMID: 37277342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Producing functional soft fibers via existing spinning methods is environmentally and economically costly due to the complexity of spinning equipment, involvement of copious solvents, intensive consumption of energy, and multi-step pre-/post-spinning treatments. We report a nonsolvent vapor-induced phase separation spinning approach under ambient conditions, which resembles the native spider silk fibrillation. It is enabled by the optimal rheological properties of dopes via engineering silver-coordinated molecular chain interactions and autonomous phase transition due to the nonsolvent vapor-induced phase separation effect. Fiber fibrillation under ambient conditions using a polyacrylonitrile-silver ion dope is demonstrated, along with detailed elucidations on tuning dope spinnability through rheological analysis. The obtained fibers are mechanically soft, stretchable, and electrically conductive, benefiting from elastic molecular chain networks via silver-based coordination complexes and in-situ reduced silver nanoparticles. Particularly, these fibers can be configured as wearable electronics for self-sensing and self-powering applications. Our ambient-conditions spinning approach provides a platform to create functional soft fibers with unified mechanical and electrical properties at a two-to-three order of magnitude less energy cost under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Mengjuan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Zi Hao Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, P.R. China.
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
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25
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Fu Y, Kang S, Gu H, Tan L, Gao C, Fang Z, Dai S, Lin C. Superflexible Inorganic Ag 2 Te 0.6 S 0.4 Fiber with High Thermoelectric Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207642. [PMID: 36890652 PMCID: PMC10161083 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-based inorganic thermoelectric (TE) devices, owing to the small size, light-weight, flexibility, and high TE performance, are promising for applications in flexible thermoelectrics. Unfortunately, current inorganic TE fibers are strictly constrained by limited mechanical freedom because of the undesirable tensile strain, typically limited to a value of 1.5%, posing a strong obstacle for further application in large-scale wearable systems. Here, a superflexible Ag2 Te0.6 S0.4 inorganic TE fiber is demonstrated that provides a record tensile strain of 21.2%, such that it enables various complex deformations. Importantly, the TE performance of the fiber shows high stability after ≈1000 cycles of bending and releasing processes with a small bending radius of 5 mm. This allows for the integration of the inorganic TE fiber into 3D wearable fabric, yielding a normalized power density of 0.4 µW m-1 K-2 under the temperature difference of 20 K, which is approaching the high-performance Bi2 Te3 -based inorganic TE fabric and is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the organic TE fabrics. These results highlight that the inorganic TE fiber with both superior shape-conformable ability and high TE performance may find potential applications in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fu
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Shiliang Kang
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Linling Tan
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Chengwei Gao
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Zaijin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Shixun Dai
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Changgui Lin
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
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26
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Qian S, Wang X, Yan W. Piezoelectric fibers for flexible and wearable electronics. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:3. [PMID: 36944822 PMCID: PMC10030726 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable electronics represent paramount technologies offering revolutionized solutions for medical diagnosis and therapy, nerve and organ interfaces, fabric computation, robot-in-medicine and metaverse. Being ubiquitous in everyday life, piezoelectric materials and devices play a vital role in flexible and wearable electronics with their intriguing functionalities, including energy harvesting, sensing and actuation, personal health care and communications. As a new emerging flexible and wearable technology, fiber-shaped piezoelectric devices offer unique advantages over conventional thin-film counterparts. In this review, we survey the recent scientific and technological breakthroughs in thermally drawn piezoelectric fibers and fiber-enabled intelligent fabrics. We highlight the fiber materials, fiber architecture, fabrication, device integration as well as functions that deliver higher forms of unique applications across smart sensing, health care, space security, actuation and energy domains. We conclude with a critical analysis of existing challenges and opportunities that will be important for the continued progress of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtai Qian
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xingbei Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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27
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Hasan MM, Sadeque MSB, Albasar I, Pecenek H, Dokan FK, Onses MS, Ordu M. Scalable Fabrication of MXene-PVDF Nanocomposite Triboelectric Fibers via Thermal Drawing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206107. [PMID: 36464631 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the data-driven world, textile is a valuable resource for improving the quality of life through continuous monitoring of daily activities and physiological signals of humans. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are an attractive option for self-powered sensor development by coupling energy harvesting and sensing ability. In this study, to the best of the knowledge, scalable fabrication of Ti3 C2 Tx MXene-embedded polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite fiber using a thermal drawing process is presented for the first time. The output open circuit voltage and short circuit current show 53% and 58% improvement, respectively, compared to pristine PVDF fiber. The synergistic interaction between the surface termination groups of MXene and polar PVDF polymer enhances the performance of the fiber. The flexibility of the fiber enables the weaving of fabric TENG devices for large-area applications. The fabric TENG (3 × 2 cm2 ) demonstrates a power density of 40.8 mW m-2 at the matching load of 8 MΩ by maintaining a stable performance over 12 000 cycles. Moreover, the fabric TENG has shown the capability of energy harvesting by operating a digital clock and a calculator. A distributed self-powered sensor for human activities and walking pattern monitoring are demonstrated with the fabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehdi Hasan
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Md Sazid Bin Sadeque
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ilgın Albasar
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Hilal Pecenek
- ERNAM - Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kilic Dokan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Mustafa Çıkrıkcıoglu Vocational School, Kayseri University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
| | - M Serdar Onses
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- ERNAM - Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ordu
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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28
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Zhang Y, Wu X, Vadlamani RA, Lim Y, Kim J, David K, Gilbert E, Li Y, Wang R, Jiang S, Wang A, Sontheimer H, English D, Emori S, Davalos RV, Poelzing S, Jia X. Multifunctional ferromagnetic fiber robots for navigation, sensing, and treatment in minimally invasive surgery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525973. [PMID: 36778450 PMCID: PMC9915472 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Small-scale robots capable of remote active steering and navigation offer great potential for biomedical applications. However, the current design and manufacturing procedure impede their miniaturization and integration of various diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities. Here, we present a robotic fiber platform for integrating navigation, sensing, and therapeutic functions at a submillimeter scale. These fiber robots consist of ferromagnetic, electrical, optical, and microfluidic components, fabricated with a thermal drawing process. Under magnetic actuation, they can navigate through complex and constrained environments, such as artificial vessels and brain phantoms. Moreover, we utilize Langendorff mouse hearts model, glioblastoma microplatforms, and in vivo mouse models to demonstrate the capabilities of sensing electrophysiology signals and performing localized treatment. Additionally, we demonstrate that the fiber robots can serve as endoscopes with embedded waveguides. These fiber robots provide a versatile platform for targeted multimodal detection and treatment at hard-to-reach locations in a minimally invasive and remotely controllable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA
| | - Ram Anand Vadlamani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Youngmin Lim
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jongwoon Kim
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Kailee David
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Earl Gilbert
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - You Li
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Shan Jiang
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Anbo Wang
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Satoru Emori
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Xiaoting Jia
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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29
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Chen C, Feng J, Li J, Guo Y, Shi X, Peng H. Functional Fiber Materials to Smart Fiber Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:613-662. [PMID: 35977344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of fiber materials has accompanied the evolution of human civilization for centuries. Recent advances in materials science and chemistry offered fibers new applications with various functions, including energy harvesting, energy storing, displaying, health monitoring and treating, and computing. The unique one-dimensional shape of fiber devices endows them advantages to work as human-interfaced electronics due to the small size, lightweight, flexibility, and feasibility for integration into large-scale textile systems. In this review, we first present a discussion of the basics of fiber materials and the design principles of fiber devices, followed by a comprehensive analysis on recently developed fiber devices. Finally, we provide the current challenges facing this field and give an outlook on future research directions. With novel fiber devices and new applications continuing to be discovered after two decades of research, we envision that new fiber devices could have an important impact on our life in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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30
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Nie M, Li B, Hsieh YL, Fu KK, Zhou J. Stretchable One-Dimensional Conductors for Wearable Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19810-19839. [PMID: 36475644 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Continuous, one-dimensional (1D) stretchable conductors have attracted significant attention for the development of wearables and soft-matter electronics. Through the use of advanced spinning, printing, and textile technologies, 1D stretchable conductors in the forms of fibers, wires, and yarns can be designed and engineered to meet the demanding requirements for different wearable applications. Several crucial parameters, such as microarchitecture, conductivity, stretchability, and scalability, play essential roles in designing and developing wearable devices and intelligent textiles. Methodologies and fabrication processes have successfully realized 1D conductors that are highly conductive, strong, lightweight, stretchable, and conformable and can be readily integrated with common fabrics and soft matter. This review summarizes the latest advances in continuous, 1D stretchable conductors and emphasizes recent developments in materials, methodologies, fabrication processes, and strategies geared toward applications in electrical interconnects, mechanical sensors, actuators, and heaters. This review classifies 1D conductors into three categories on the basis of their electrical responses: (1) rigid 1D conductors, (2) piezoresistive 1D conductors, and (3) resistance-stable 1D conductors. This review also evaluates the present challenges in these areas and presents perspectives for improving the performance of stretchable 1D conductors for wearable textile and flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Nie
- School of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong510275, China
| | - Boxiao Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong510275, China
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California at Davis, California95616, United States
| | - Kun Kelvin Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong510275, China
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31
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Dulal M, Afroj S, Ahn J, Cho Y, Carr C, Kim ID, Karim N. Toward Sustainable Wearable Electronic Textiles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19755-19788. [PMID: 36449447 PMCID: PMC9798870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles) that can detect and differentiate multiple stimuli, while also collecting and storing the diverse array of data signals using highly innovative, multifunctional, and intelligent garments, are of great value for personalized healthcare applications. However, material performance and sustainability, complicated and difficult e-textile fabrication methods, and their limited end-of-life processability are major challenges to wide adoption of e-textiles. In this review, we explore the potential for sustainable materials, manufacturing techniques, and their end-of-the-life processes for developing eco-friendly e-textiles. In addition, we survey the current state-of-the-art for sustainable fibers and electronic materials (i.e., conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics) to serve as different components in wearable e-textiles and then provide an overview of environmentally friendly digital manufacturing techniques for such textiles which involve less or no water utilization, combined with a reduction in both material waste and energy consumption. Furthermore, standardized parameters for evaluating the sustainability of e-textiles are established, such as life cycle analysis, biodegradability, and recyclability. Finally, we discuss the current development trends, as well as the future research directions for wearable e-textiles which include an integrated product design approach based on the use of eco-friendly materials, the development of sustainable manufacturing processes, and an effective end-of-the-life strategy to manufacture next generation smart and sustainable wearable e-textiles that can be either recycled to value-added products or decomposed in the landfill without any negative environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dulal
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), University of
the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BristolBS16 1QY, United
Kingdom
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), University of
the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BristolBS16 1QY, United
Kingdom
| | - Jaewan Ahn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujang Cho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris Carr
- Clothworkers’
Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, School of
Design, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), University of
the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BristolBS16 1QY, United
Kingdom
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32
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Wang ZH, Liu BW, Zeng FR, Lin XC, Zhang JY, Wang XL, Wang YZ, Zhao HB. Fully recyclable multifunctional adhesive with high durability, transparency, flame retardancy, and harsh-environment resistance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd8527. [PMID: 36516253 PMCID: PMC9750157 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recyclable/reversible adhesives have attracted growing attention for sustainability and intelligence but suffer from low adhesion strength and poor durability in complex conditions. Here, we demonstrate an aromatic siloxane adhesive that exploits stimuli-responsive reversible assembly driven by π-π stacking, allowing for elimination and activation of interfacial interactions via infiltration-volatilization of ethanol. The robust cohesive energy from water-insensitive siloxane assembly enables durable strong adhesion (3.5 MPa shear strength on glasses) on diverse surfaces. Long-term adhesion performances are realized in underwater, salt, and acid/alkali solutions (pH 1-14) and at low/high temperatures (-10-90°C). With reversible assembly/disassembly, the adhesive is closed-loop recycled (~100%) and reused over 100 times without adhesion loss. Furthermore, the adhesive has unique combinations of high transparency (~98% in the visible light region of 400-800 nm) and flame retardancy. The experiments and theoretical calculations reveal the corresponding mechanism at the molecular level. This π-π stacking-driven siloxane assembly strategy opens up an avenue for high-performance adhesives with circular life and multifunctional integration.
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33
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Chen M, Liu J, Li P, Gharavi H, Hao Y, Ouyang J, Hu J, Hu L, Hou C, Humar I, Wei L, Yang GZ, Tao G. Fabric computing: Concepts, opportunities, and challenges. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100340. [PMID: 36353672 PMCID: PMC9637982 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the Internet of Everything, people can easily interact with their environments immersively. The idea of pervasive computing is becoming a reality, but due to the inconvenience of carrying silicon-based entities and a lack of fine-grained sensing capabilities for human-computer interaction, it is difficult to ensure comfort, esthetics, and privacy in smart spaces. Motivated by the rapid developments in intelligent fabric technology in the post-Moore era, we propose a novel computing approach that creates a paradigm shift driven by fabric computing and advocate a new concept of non-chip sensing in living spaces. We discuss the core notion and benefits of fabric computing, including its implementation, challenges, and future research opportunities. Fabric computing constructs a non-chip sensing with non-disturbance and ultra-dense structure Multifunctional fibers obtain first-view sensory data; The value of sensory data will be distilled by intelligent fabric agents Potential cognitive applications can be enabled by integrating fabric computing with AI
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34
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Shen L, Teng C, Wang Z, Bai H, Kumar S, Min R. Semiconductor Multimaterial Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:882. [PMID: 36291019 PMCID: PMC9599191 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Integrated sensors and transmitters of a wide variety of human physiological indicators have recently emerged in the form of multimaterial optical fibers. The methods utilized in the manufacture of optical fibers facilitate the use of a wide range of functional elements in microscale optical fibers with an extensive variety of structures. This article presents an overview and review of semiconductor multimaterial optical fibers, their fabrication and postprocessing techniques, different geometries, and integration in devices that can be further utilized in biomedical applications. Semiconductor optical fiber sensors and fiber lasers for body temperature regulation, in vivo detection, volatile organic compound detection, and medical surgery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Shen
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Chuanxin Teng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Hongyi Bai
- College of Electronics and Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Rui Min
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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35
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Qian S, Liu M, Dou Y, Fink Y, Yan W. A 'Moore's law' for fibers enables intelligent fabrics. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 10:nwac202. [PMID: 36684517 PMCID: PMC9843301 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrics are an indispensable part of our everyday life. They provide us with protection, offer privacy and form an intimate expression of ourselves through their esthetics. Imparting functionality at the fiber level represents an intriguing path toward innovative fabrics with a hitherto unparalleled functionality and value. The fiber technology based on thermal drawing of a preform, which is identical in its materials and geometry to the final fiber, has emerged as a powerful platform for the production of exquisite fibers with prerequisite composition, geometric complexity and control over feature size. A 'Moore's law' for fibers is emerging, delivering higher forms of function that are important for a broad spectrum of practical applications in healthcare, sports, robotics, space exploration, etc. In this review, we survey progress in thermally drawn fibers and devices, and discuss their relevance to 'smart' fabrics. A new generation of fabrics that can see, hear and speak, sense, communicate, harvest and store energy, as well as store and process data is anticipated. We conclude with a critical analysis of existing challenges and opportunities currently faced by thermally drawn fibers and fabrics that are expected to become sophisticated platforms delivering value-added services for our society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuhai Dou
- Institute for Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yoel Fink
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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36
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Sun M, Tang G, Wang H, Zhang T, Zhang P, Han B, Yang M, Zhang H, Chen Y, Chen J, Zhu Q, Li J, Chen D, Gan J, Qian Q, Yang Z. Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Bi 2 Te 3 -Based Micro-Nano Fibers via Thermal Drawing and Interfacial Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202942. [PMID: 35816109 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-performance thermoelectric (TE) materials with great flexibility and stability are urgently needed to efficiently convert heat energy into electrical power. Recently, intrinsically crystalline, mechanically stable, and flexible inorganic TE fibers that show TE properties comparable to their bulk counterparts have been of interest to researchers. Despite remarkable progress in moving TE fibers toward room-temperature TE conversion, the figure-of-merit value (ZT) and bending stability still need enhancement. Herein, interfacial-engineering-enhanced TE properties of micro-nano polycrystalline TE fibers fabricated by thermally drawing Bi2 Te3 -based bulks in a glass-fiber template are reported. The interfacial engineering effect comes from generating stress-induced oriented nanocrystals to increase electrical conductivity and producing strain-distorted interfaces to decrease thermal conductivity. The 4 µm-diameter fibers achieve a 40% higher ZT (≈1.4 at 300 K) than their bulk counterparts and show a reversible bending radius of 50 µm, approaching the theoretical elastic limit. This fabrication strategy works for a wide range of inorganic TE materials and benefits the development of fiber-based micro-TE devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guowu Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanfu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Innovation Academy for Light-duty Gas Turbine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Innovation Academy for Light-duty Gas Turbine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Innovation Academy for Light-duty Gas Turbine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dongdan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiulin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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37
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Rajappan A, Jumet B, Shveda RA, Decker CJ, Liu Z, Yap TF, Sanchez V, Preston DJ. Logic-enabled textiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202118119. [PMID: 35994641 PMCID: PMC9436326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202118119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Textiles hold great promise as a soft yet durable material for building comfortable robotic wearables and assistive devices at low cost. Nevertheless, the development of smart wearables composed entirely of textiles has been hindered by the lack of a viable sheet-based logic architecture that can be implemented using conventional fabric materials and textile manufacturing processes. Here, we develop a fully textile platform for embedding pneumatic digital logic in wearable devices. Our logic-enabled textiles support combinational and sequential logic functions, onboard memory storage, user interaction, and direct interfacing with pneumatic actuators. In addition, they are designed to be lightweight, easily integrable into regular clothing, made using scalable fabrication techniques, and durable enough to withstand everyday use. We demonstrate a textile computer capable of input-driven digital logic for controlling untethered wearable robots that assist users with functional limitations. Our logic platform will facilitate the emergence of future wearables powered by embedded fluidic logic that fully leverage the innate advantages of their textile construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Rajappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Barclay Jumet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Rachel A. Shveda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Colter J. Decker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Te Faye Yap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Vanessa Sanchez
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel J. Preston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
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38
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Fan D, Yuan X, Wu W, Zhu R, Yang X, Liao Y, Ma Y, Xiao C, Chen C, Liu C, Wang H, Qin P. Self-shrinking soft demoulding for complex high-aspect-ratio microchannels. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5083. [PMID: 36038593 PMCID: PMC9424246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microchannels are the essential elements in animals, plants, and various artificial devices such as soft robotics, wearable sensors, and organs-on-a-chip. However, three-dimensional (3D) microchannels with complex geometry and a high aspect ratio remain challenging to generate by conventional methods such as soft lithography, template dissolution, and matrix swollen processes, although they are widespread in nature. Here, we propose a simple and solvent-free fabrication method capable of producing monolithic microchannels with complex 3D structures, long length, and small diameter. A soft template and a peeling-dominant template removal process are introduced to the demoulding process, which is referred to as soft demoulding here. In combination with thermal drawing technology, microchannels with a small diameter (10 µm), a high aspect ratio (6000, length-to-diameter), and intricate 3D geometries are generated. We demonstrate the vast applicability and significant impact of this technology in multiple scenarios, including soft robotics, wearable sensors, soft antennas, and artificial vessels. Microchannels are the essential elements for the design of artificial devices but the fabrication of three dimensional (3D) microchannels with complex geometry and a high aspect ratio remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate a simple and solvent-free fabrication method capable of producing monolithic microchannels with complex 3D structures, long length, and small diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Renjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunteng Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chufan Xiao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Changyue Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China. .,Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China.
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Ruckdashel RR, Khadse N, Park JH. Smart E-Textiles: Overview of Components and Outlook. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22166055. [PMID: 36015815 PMCID: PMC9416033 DOI: 10.3390/s22166055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles have gained great interest from academia and industries alike, spanning interdisciplinary efforts from materials science, electrical engineering, art, design, and computer science. While recent innovation has been promising, unmet needs between the commercial and academic sectors are pronounced in this field, especially for electronic-based textiles, or e-textiles. In this review, we aim to address the gap by (i) holistically investigating e-textiles' constituents and their evolution, (ii) identifying the needs and roles of each discipline and sector, and (iii) addressing the gaps between them. The components of e-textiles-base fabrics, interconnects, sensors, actuators, computers, and power storage/generation-can be made at multiscale levels of textile, e.g., fiber, yarn, fabric, coatings, and embellishments. The applications, current state, and sustainable future directions for e-textile fields are discussed, which encompasses health monitoring, soft robotics, education, and fashion applications.
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Yu W, Yu X, Qiu Z, Xu C, Gao M, Zheng J, Zhang J, Wang G, Cheng Y, Zhu M. 1+1>2: Fiber Synergy in Aggregation‐Induced Emission. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201664. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Zhenduo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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41
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Sun M, Zhang P, Li Q, Tang G, Zhang T, Chen D, Qian Q. Enhanced N-Type Bismuth-Telluride-Based Thermoelectric Fibers via Thermal Drawing and Bridgman Annealing. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155331. [PMID: 35955267 PMCID: PMC9369927 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N-type bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) based thermoelectric (TE) fibers were fabricated by thermal drawing and Bridgman annealing, and the influence of Bridgman annealing on the TE properties of n-type Bi2Te3-based TE fibers was studied. The Bridgman annealing enhanced the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient because of increasing crystalline orientation and decreasing detrimental elemental enrichment. The TE performance of n-type Bi2Te3-based TE fibers was improved significantly by enhancing the power factor. Hence the power factor increased from 0.14 to 0.93 mW/mK2, and the figure-of-merit value is from 0.11 to 0.43 at ~300 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.L.); (G.T.)
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.L.); (G.T.)
- Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System, Nanjing 211135, China;
| | - Qingmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.L.); (G.T.)
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Guowu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.L.); (G.T.)
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System, Nanjing 211135, China;
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Innovation Academy for Light-Duty Gas Turbine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongdan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.L.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Qi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.L.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (Q.Q.)
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42
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Kim J, Zhao Y, Yang S, Feng Z, Wang A, Davalos RV, Jia X. Laser Machined Fiber-based Microprobe: Application in Microscale Electroporation. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2022; 4:859-872. [PMID: 37799114 PMCID: PMC10552288 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-022-00148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Microscale electroporation devices are mostly restricted to in vitro experiments (i.e., microchannel and microcapillary). Novel fiber-based microprobes can enable in vivo microscale electroporation and arbitrarily select the cell groups of interest to electroporate. We developed a flexible, fiber-based microscale electroporation device through a thermal drawing process and femtosecond laser micromachining techniques. The fiber consists of four copper electrodes (80 μm), one microfluidic channel (30 μm), and has an overall diameter of 400 μm. The dimensions of the exposed electrodes and channel were customizable through a delicate femtosecond laser setup. The feasibility of the fiber probe was validated through numerical simulations and in vitro experiments. Successful reversible and irreversible microscale electroporation was observed in a 3D collagen scaffold (seeded with U251 human glioma cells) using fluorescent staining. The ablation regions were estimated by performing the covariance error ellipse method and compared with the numerical simulations. The computational and experimental results of the working fiber-based microprobe suggest the feasibility of in vivo microscale electroporation in space-sensitive areas, such as the deep brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoon Kim
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Shuo Yang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Ziang Feng
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Anbo Wang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Xiaoting Jia
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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43
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Chimerad M, Barazesh A, Zandi M, Zarkesh I, Moghaddam A, Borjian P, Chimehrad R, Asghari A, Akbarnejad Z, Khonakdar HA, Bagher Z. Tissue engineered scaffold fabrication methods for medical applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Chimerad
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering & Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Alireza Barazesh
- Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Zandi
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Zarkesh
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armaghan Moghaddam
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Borjian
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering & Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Rojan Chimehrad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- Skull Base Research Center, School of Medicine, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, School of Medicine, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, School of Medicine, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of PbSe, PbTe, and PbTe:In Semiconductors Obtained by the Pulsed Laser Deposition Method. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144381. [PMID: 35889254 PMCID: PMC9325147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic properties of lead selenide (PbSe) and indium-doped lead telluride (PbTe:In) composites have been studied by using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. The samples were obtained by using the pulsed laser deposition method (PLD). Temperature dependences of the EPR spectra were obtained. The analysis of the temperature dependencies of the integral intensity of the EPR spectra was performed using the Curie–Weiss law. In these materials, the paramagnetic centers of Pb1+ and Pb3+ ions were identified. The results are discussed.
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45
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Zhang S, Mei Y, Xia T, Cao Z, Liu Z, Li Z. Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Pressure Based on Fabry-Perot Interferometry for Marine Monitoring. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22134979. [PMID: 35808474 PMCID: PMC9269721 DOI: 10.3390/s22134979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The temperature and pressure of seawater are of great importance to investigate the environmental evolution for the research of ocean science. With this regard, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a seawater temperature and pressure sensor realized by a polyimide (PI) tube-based Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) together with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Benefiting from the higher thermo-optical coefficient and larger elasticity of polymer than the fused silica fiber, the sensitivity of the sensor is largely improved. The FBG is used to compensate the cross effect of the temperature. The measured temperature and pressure sensitivities of the sensor are 18.910 nm/°C and −35.605 nm/MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature and pressure information measured by the sensor can be achieved simultaneously using the sensitivity matrix method. In addition, the proposed sensor has advantages of easy fabrication, compact size, as well as capability of multiplexing and long-distance measurement, making it competitive and promising during the marine monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.Z.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yongchang Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.Z.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Titi Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.Z.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zihan Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.Z.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhengyong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.Z.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (Z.C.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.Z.); (Y.M.); (T.X.); (Z.C.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Z.L.)
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46
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Song S, Laurell F, Meehan B, Hawkins TW, Ballato J, Gibson UJ. Localised structuring of metal-semiconductor cores in silica clad fibres using laser-driven thermal gradients. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2680. [PMID: 35562355 PMCID: PMC9106754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molten core drawing method allows scalable fabrication of novel core fibres with kilometre lengths. With metal and semiconducting components combined in a glass-clad fibre, CO2 laser irradiation was used to write localised structures in the core materials. Thermal gradients in axial and transverse directions allowed the controlled introduction, segregation and chemical reaction of metal components within an initially pure silicon core, and restructuring of heterogeneous material. Gold and tin longitudinal electrode fabrication, segregation of GaSb and Si into parallel layers, and Al doping of a GaSb core were demonstrated. Gold was introduced into Si fibres to purify the core or weld an exposed fibre core to a Si wafer. Ga and Sb introduced from opposite ends of a silicon fibre reacted to form III-V GaSb within the Group IV Si host, as confirmed by structural and chemical analysis and room temperature photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghan Song
- PoreLab and Physics Department, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- KTH Applied Physics, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Bailey Meehan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Thomas W Hawkins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - John Ballato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Ursula J Gibson
- PoreLab and Physics Department, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- KTH Applied Physics, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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47
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Marion JS, Gupta N, Cheung H, Monir K, Anikeeva P, Fink Y. Thermally Drawn Highly Conductive Fibers with Controlled Elasticity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201081. [PMID: 35278246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic fabrics necessitate both electrical conductivity and, like any textile, elastic recovery. Achieving both requirements on the scale of a single fiber remains an unmet need. Here, two approaches for achieving conductive fibers (107 S m-1 ) reaching 50% elongation while maintaining minimal change in resistance (<0.5%) in embedded metallic electrodes are introduced. The first approach involves inducing a buckling instability in a metal microwire within a cavity of a thermally drawn elastomer fiber. The second approach relies on twisting an elastomer fiber to yield helical metal electrodes embedded in a stretchable yarn. The scalability of both approaches is illustrated in apparatuses for continuous buckling and twisting that yield tens of meters of elastic conducting fibers. Through experimental and analytical methods, it is elucidated how geometric parameters, such as buckling pre-strain and helical angle, as well as materials choice, control not only the fiber's elasticity but also its Young's modulus. Links between mechanical and electrical properties are exposed. The resulting fibers are used to construct elastic fabrics that contain diodes, by weaving and knitting, thus demonstrating the scalable fabrication of conformable and stretchable antennas that support optical data transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette S Marion
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Henry Cheung
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kirmina Monir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yoel Fink
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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48
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Wang Z, He B, Chen M, Qi M, Liu Y, Xin J, Wei L. Recent progress of fiber-based transistors: materials, structures and applications. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 36637572 PMCID: PMC9756263 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics on fibers or fabrics assembled with electronic functions provide a platform for sensors, displays, circuitry, and computation. These new conceptual devices are human-friendly and programmable, which makes them indispensable for modern electronics. Their unique properties such as being adaptable in daily life, as well as being lightweight and flexible, have enabled many promising applications in robotics, healthcare, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Transistors, one of the fundamental blocks in electronic systems, allow for signal processing and computing. Therefore, study leading to integration of transistors with fabrics has become intensive. Here, several aspects of fiber-based transistors are addressed, including materials, system structures, and their functional devices such as sensory, logical circuitry, memory devices as well as neuromorphic computation. Recently reported advances in development and challenges to realizing fully integrated electronic textile (e-textile) systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bing He
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Miao Qi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiwu Xin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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49
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Zhu R, Qi Y, Meng J. Novel nanomaterials based saturable absorbers for passive mode locked fiber laser at 1.5 μm. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:182002. [PMID: 35051916 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4d59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared with continuous wave lasers, ultrafast lasers have the advantages of ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak power, and have significant applications in optical communications, medical diagnostics, and precision machining. Saturable absorber (SA) technology is the most effective technique for the generation of ultra-fast lasers, which are based on artificial SAs and natural SAs. Among them, the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror has become the most commonly used form at present. Recently, basic research and application of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been developed rapidly. Researchers have found that nanomaterials exhibit extraordinary characteristics in ultrafast photonics, such as the low saturation intensity of CNTs, zero-band gap of graphene, and extremely high modulation depth of the topological insulator nano-films. Since graphene was first reported as an SA in 2009, many other nanomaterials have been successively explored, resulting in the rapid development of novel nanomaterial-based SAs. In this paper, we classified the nanomaterials used in SA mode-locking technology at 1.5μm and reviewed their research progress with a particular focus on nonlinear optical properties, integration strategies, and applications in the field of ultrafast photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Qi
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Meng
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
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Choi HW, Shin DW, Yang J, Lee S, Figueiredo C, Sinopoli S, Ullrich K, Jovančić P, Marrani A, Momentè R, Gomes J, Branquinho R, Emanuele U, Lee H, Bang SY, Jung SM, Han SD, Zhan S, Harden-Chaters W, Suh YH, Fan XB, Lee TH, Chowdhury M, Choi Y, Nicotera S, Torchia A, Moncunill FM, Candel VG, Durães N, Chang K, Cho S, Kim CH, Lucassen M, Nejim A, Jiménez D, Springer M, Lee YW, Cha S, Sohn JI, Igreja R, Song K, Barquinha P, Martins R, Amaratunga GAJ, Occhipinti LG, Chhowalla M, Kim JM. Smart textile lighting/display system with multifunctional fibre devices for large scale smart home and IoT applications. Nat Commun 2022; 13:814. [PMID: 35145096 PMCID: PMC8831553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart textiles consist of discrete devices fabricated from-or incorporated onto-fibres. Despite the tremendous progress in smart textiles for lighting/display applications, a large scale approach for a smart display system with integrated multifunctional devices in traditional textile platforms has yet to be demonstrated. Here we report the realisation of a fully operational 46-inch smart textile lighting/display system consisting of RGB fibrous LEDs coupled with multifunctional fibre devices that are capable of wireless power transmission, touch sensing, photodetection, environmental/biosignal monitoring, and energy storage. The smart textile display system exhibits full freedom of form factors, including flexibility, bendability, and rollability as a vivid RGB lighting/grey-level-controlled full colour display apparatus with embedded fibre devices that are configured to provide external stimuli detection. Our systematic design and integration strategies are transformational and provide the foundation for realising highly functional smart lighting/display textiles over large area for revolutionary applications on smart homes and internet of things (IoT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Woo Choi
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dong-Wook Shin
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jiajie Yang
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanghyo Lee
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cátia Figueiredo
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Stefano Sinopoli
- Bioelectronics and Advanced Genomic Engineering (BIOAGE), Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Kay Ullrich
- Textile Research Institute Thuringia-Vogtland (TITV), Greiz, Germany
| | - Petar Jovančić
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnológic de Catalunya, Unitat de Teixits Funcionals, Mataró, Spain
| | | | | | - João Gomes
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials (CeNTI), Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Rita Branquinho
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Umberto Emanuele
- Bioelectronics and Advanced Genomic Engineering (BIOAGE), Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Hanleem Lee
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sang Yun Bang
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sung-Min Jung
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soo Deok Han
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shijie Zhan
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Harden-Chaters
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yo-Han Suh
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiang-Bing Fan
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohamed Chowdhury
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Youngjin Choi
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Salvatore Nicotera
- Bioelectronics and Advanced Genomic Engineering (BIOAGE), Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Andrea Torchia
- Bioelectronics and Advanced Genomic Engineering (BIOAGE), Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | | | - Nelson Durães
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials (CeNTI), Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Woo Lee
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Energy Systems, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - SeungNam Cha
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Inn Sohn
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rui Igreja
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Kyungmin Song
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, European Open Innovation (SAIT-Europe), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, Surrey, UK
| | - Pedro Barquinha
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gehan A J Amaratunga
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luigi G Occhipinti
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Manish Chhowalla
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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