1
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Bloom BP, Chen Z, Lu H, Waldeck DH. A chemical perspective on the chiral induced spin selectivity effect. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae212. [PMID: 39144747 PMCID: PMC11321253 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses opportunities in chemistry that are enabled by the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. First, the review begins with a brief overview of the seminal studies on CISS. Next, we discuss different chiral material systems whose properties can be tailored through chemical means, with a special emphasis on hybrid organic-inorganic layered materials that exhibit some of the largest spin filtering properties to date. Then, we discuss the promise of CISS for chemical reactions and enantioseparation before concluding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Bloom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, USA
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Haipeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - David H Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, USA
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2
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Dong Y, Zhang Z, Hashikawa Y, Meng H, Bai F, Itami K, Chaolumen. A Double Twisted Nanographene with a Contorted Pyrene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406927. [PMID: 39011764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The mature synthetic methodologies enable us to rationally design and produce chiral nanographenes (NGs), most of which consist of multiple helical motifs. However, inherent chirality originating from twisted geometry has just emerged to be employed in chiral NGs. Herein, we report a red-emissive chiral NG constituted of orthogonally arranged two-fold twisted π-skeletons at a contorted pyrene core which contributes to optical transitions of S0→S1 and vice versa. The thus-obtained NG exhibited a robustness on its redox properties through 2e- uptake/release. The chemical oxidation generated stable radical cation whose absorption covers near-infrared I and II regions. Overall, the contorted pyrene core governs electronic nature of the chiral NG. The twist operation on NGs would be, therefore, a design strategy to alter conventional chirality induction on NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - He Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Fenghua Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chaolumen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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3
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Chae K, Mohamad NARC, Kim J, Won DI, Lin Z, Kim J, Kim DH. The promise of chiral electrocatalysis for efficient and sustainable energy conversion and storage: a comprehensive review of the CISS effect and future directions. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39158537 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The integration of chirality, specifically through the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, into electrocatalytic processes represents a pioneering approach for enhancing the efficiency of energy conversion and storage systems. This review delves into the burgeoning field of chiral electrocatalysis, elucidating the fundamental principles, historical development, theoretical underpinnings, and practical applications of the CISS effect across a spectrum of electrocatalytic reactions, including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We explore the methodological advancements in inducing the CISS effect through structural and surface engineering and discuss various techniques for its measurement, from magnetic conductive atomic force microscopy (mc-AFM) to hydrogen peroxide titration. Furthermore, this review highlights the transformative potential of the CISS effect in addressing the key challenges of the NRR and CO2RR processes and in mitigating singlet oxygen formation in metal-air batteries, thereby improving their performance and durability. Through this comprehensive overview, we aim to underscore the significant role of incorporating chirality and spin polarization in advancing electrocatalytic technologies for sustainable energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Chae
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Nur Aqlili Riana Che Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jeonghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Dong-Il Won
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Jeongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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4
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Sato C, Dekura S, Sato H, Sambe K, Takeda T, Kurihara T, Mizuno M, Taniguchi T, Wu J, Nakamura T, Akutagawa T. Proton Conduction in Chiral Molecular Assemblies of Azolium-Camphorsulfonate Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22699-22710. [PMID: 39083719 PMCID: PMC11328138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Chiral molecular assemblies have attracted considerable attention because of their interesting physical properties, such as spin-selective electron transport. Cation-anion salts of three azolium cations, imidazolium (HIm+), triazolium (HTrz+), and thiazolium (HThz+), in combination with a chiral camphorsulfonate (1S-CS-) and their racemic compounds (rac-CS-) were prepared and compared in terms of phase transitions, crystal structures, dynamics of constituent molecules, dielectric responses, and proton conductivities. The cation-anion crystals containing HIm+ showed no significant difference in proton conductivity between the homochiral and racemic crystals, whereas the HTrz+-containing crystals showed higher proton conductivity and lower activation energy in the homochiral form than in the racemic form. A two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network consisting of HTrz+ and -SO3- groups and similar in-plane rotational motion was observed in both crystals; however, the HTrz+ cation in the homochiral crystal exhibited the rotational motion modulated with translational motion, whereas the HTrz+ cation in the racemic crystal exhibited almost steady in-plane rotational motion. The different motional degrees of freedom were confirmed by crystal structure analyses and temperature- and frequency-dependent dielectric constants. In contrast, steady in-plane rotational motion with the thermally activated fluctuating motion of CS- was observed both in homochiral and racemic crystals containing HIm+, which averaged the motional space of protons resulting in similar dielectric responses and proton conductivities. The control of motional degrees of freedom in homochiral crystals affects the proton conductivity and is useful for the design of molecular proton conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shun Dekura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kohei Sambe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Motohiro Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takuya Taniguchi
- Center for Data Science, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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5
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Verhage M, Bampoulis P, Preuss MD, Filot I, Joosten RRM, Friedrich H, Meijer EW, Flipse K. Chirality-Induced Magnetic Polarization by Charge Localization in a Chiral Supramolecular Crystal. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403807. [PMID: 39139010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect is a fascinating phenomenon that correlates the molecular structure with electron spin-polarization (SP). Experimental procedures to quantify the spin-filtering magnitude have extensively used magnetic-field-dependent conductive AFM. In this work chiral crystals of imide-substituted coronene bisimide ((S)-CBI-GCH) are studied to explain the dynamics of the current-voltage I - V spectra and the origin of superimposed peaks are investigated. A dynamic voltage-sweep rate-dependent phenomenon can give rise to complex I - V curves. The redox group, capable of localization of charge, acts as a localized state that interferes with the continuum of the π - π stacking, giving rise to Fano resonances. A novel mechanism for dynamic transport is introduced, which provides insight into the origin of spin-polarized charge in crystallized CBI-GCH molecules after absorption on a metallic substrate, guided by transient charge polarization. Crucially, interference between charge localization and delocalization during transport may be important properties in understanding the magnetochiral phenomena observed by electrostatic force microscopy. Finally, it is observed that charge trapping sensitively modifies the injection barrier from direct tunneling to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling transport supporting nonlinearity in CISS for this class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Verhage
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems - Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Pantelis Bampoulis
- MESA+ Institute, Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Marco D Preuss
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Filot
- Inorganic Materials & Catalysis - Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Rick R M Joosten
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Flipse
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems - Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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6
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Gao J, Ouyang G, Zhou P, Shang P, Long H, Ji L, Qu Z, Guo M, Yang Y, Zhao F, Yin X, Ke Y, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Yan X, Liu M, Qiao Y, Song Y. Spatiotemporal-Dependent Confinement Effect of Bubble Swarms Enables a Fractal Hierarchical Assembly with Promoted Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18104-18116. [PMID: 38899355 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The submarine-confined bubble swarm is considered an important constraining environment for the early evolution of living matter due to the abundant gas/water interfaces it provides. Similarly, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the confinement effect in this particular scenario may also impact the origin, transfer, and amplification of chirality in organisms. Here, we explore the confinement effect on the chiral hierarchical assembly of the amphiphiles in the confined bubble array stabilized by the micropillar templates. Compared with the other confinement conditions, the assembly in the bubble scenario yields a fractal morphology and exhibits a unique level of the chiral degree, ordering, and orientation consistency, which can be attributed to the characteristic interfacial effects of the rapidly formed gas/water interfaces. Thus, molecules with a balanced amphiphilicity can be more favorable for the promotion. Not limited to the pure enantiomers, chiral amplification of the enantiomer-mixed assembly is observed only in the bubble scenario. Beyond the interfacial mechanism, the fast formation kinetics of the confined liquid bridges in the bubble scenario endows the assembly with the tunable hierarchical morphology when regulating the amphiphilicity, aggregates, and confined spaces. Furthermore, the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect of the fractal hierarchical assembly was systematically investigated, and a strategy based on photoisomerization was developed to efficiently modulate the CISS effect. This work provides insights into the robustness of confined bubble swarms in promoting a chiral hierarchical assembly and the potential applications of the resulting chiral hierarchical patterns in solid-state spintronic and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ouyang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Shang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Long
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lukang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Qu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongrui Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fenggui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yali Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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7
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Singh Bisht P, Garg R, Nakka N, Mondal AK. Spin Filtering and Amplification in Self-Assembled Nanofibers Based on Chiral Asymmetric Building Blocks. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6605-6610. [PMID: 38885451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The cooperativity in artificial self-assembling systems can be enhanced to expand their applications and redesign their properties. Recently, chiral molecules have garnered renewed attention due to their potential as highly efficient spin filters through the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. However, the potential of asymmetric building blocks based on chiral perylene diimides (PDIs) self-assembled materials to generate a spin-polarized current is still not widely acknowledged. In this work, we have demonstrated that nanofibers derived from "asymmetric PDIs" molecules have been found to exhibit promising spin-filtering property and the amplification of spin polarization at room temperature. Also, the exploration of chiral amplification and correlating it with the amplification of spin polarization have been reported for the first time through this work. These findings underscore the significance of self-assembled materials in the realm of spintronics, as they offer fascinating platforms with evolving structure-property relationship. It also provides the feasible possibility of enhancing the CISS-based spintronic devices that can accomplish controllability and high spin-filtering efficiency simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Singh Bisht
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rabia Garg
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Nagaraju Nakka
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mondal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
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8
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Liu T, Adhikari Y, Wang H, Jiang Y, Hua Z, Liu H, Schlottmann P, Gao H, Weiss PS, Yan B, Zhao J, Xiong P. Chirality-Induced Magnet-Free Spin Generation in a Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406347. [PMID: 38926947 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Electrical generation and transduction of polarized electron spins in semiconductors (SCs) are of central interest in spintronics and quantum information science. While spin generation in SCs is frequently realized via electrical injection from a ferromagnet (FM), there are significant advantages in nonmagnetic pathways of creating spin polarization. One such pathway exploits the interplay of electron spin with chirality in electronic structures or real space. Here, utilizing chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), the efficient creation of spin accumulation in n-doped GaAs via electric current injection from a normal metal (Au) electrode through a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of chiral molecules (α-helix l-polyalanine, AHPA-L), is demonstrated. The resulting spin polarization is detected as a Hanle effect in the n-GaAs, which is found to obey a distinct universal scaling with temperature and bias current consistent with chirality-induced spin accumulation. The experiment constitutes a definitive observation of CISS in a fully nonmagnetic device structure and demonstration of its ability to generate spin accumulation in a conventional SC. The results thus place key constraints on the physical mechanism of CISS and present a new scheme for magnet-free SC spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhan Liu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuwaraj Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Zhenqi Hua
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Haoyang Liu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Pedro Schlottmann
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Hanwei Gao
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute and Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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9
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Xu F, Su H, van der Tol JJB, Jansen SAH, Fu Y, Lavarda G, Vantomme G, Meskers S, Meijer EW. Supramolecular Polymerization as a Tool to Reveal the Magnetic Transition Dipole Moment of Heptazines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15843-15849. [PMID: 38815616 PMCID: PMC11177250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Heptazine derivatives have attracted significant interest due to their small S1-T1 gap, which contributes to their unique electronic and optical properties. However, the nature of the lowest excited state remains ambiguous. In the present study, we characterize the lowest optical transition of heptazine by its magnetic transition dipole moment. To measure the magnetic transition dipole moment, the flat heptazine must be chiroptically active, which is difficult to achieve for single heptazine molecules. Therefore, we used supramolecular polymerization as an approach to make homochiral stacks of heptazine derivatives. Upon formation of the supramolecular polymers, the preferred helical stacking of heptazine introduces circular polarization of absorption and fluorescence. The magnetic transition dipole moments for the S1 ← S0 and S1 → S0 are determined to be 0.35 and 0.36 Bohr magneton, respectively. These high values of magnetic transition dipole moments support the intramolecular charge transfer nature of the lowest excited state from nitrogen to carbon in heptazine and further confirm the degeneracy of S1 and T1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Hao Su
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Joost J. B. van der Tol
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Stef A. H. Jansen
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Youxin Fu
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh4, Groningen 9747AG, Netherlands
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Meskers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
- School
of Chemistry and RNA Institute, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Sun R, Park KS, Comstock AH, McConnell A, Chen YC, Zhang P, Beratan D, You W, Hoffmann A, Yu ZG, Diao Y, Sun D. Inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in chiral assemblies of π-conjugated polymers. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:782-789. [PMID: 38491147 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Coupling of spin and charge currents to structural chirality in non-magnetic materials, known as chirality-induced spin selectivity, is promising for application in spintronic devices at room temperature. Although the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect has been identified in various chiral materials, its Onsager reciprocal process, the inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect, remains unexplored. Here we report the observation of the inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in chiral assemblies of π-conjugated polymers. Using spin-pumping techniques, the inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect enables quantification of the magnitude of the longitudinal spin-to-charge conversion driven by chirality-induced spin selectivity in different chiral polymers. By widely tuning conductivities and supramolecular chiral structures via a printing method, we found a very long spin relaxation time of up to several nanoseconds parallel to the chiral axis. Our demonstration of the inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect suggests possibilities for elucidating the puzzling interplay between spin and chirality, and opens a route for spintronic applications using printable chiral assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew H Comstock
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Aeron McConnell
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yen-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Axel Hoffmann
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang Yu
- Sivananthan Laboratories, Bolingbrook, Illinois, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Dali Sun
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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11
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Bogdan A, Moraru IT, Vanthuyne N, Auban-Senzier P, Grosu I, Avarvari N, Pop F. Chiral Spiro-Tetrathiafulvalenes: Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties, Conformational Issues and Charge Transfer Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400564. [PMID: 38525656 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Within this work we have investigated spiro-based tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) obtained as mixtures of stereoisomers from racemic spiro[5.5]undeca-1,8-dien-3-one. Compared to previously described spiro-TTFs, enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric forms have been here separated by chiral HPLC and fully characterized both experimentally and theoretically. The two types of spiro-based chiral derivatives contain either one (2) or three (1) chiral centres out of each one is spiro-type. Experimental CD, supported by TD-DFT calculations, shows differences in the optical activity between the 1 and 2 and their intermediates. The low optical activity of 2 and 3 (spiro alone chirality) was attributed to the presence of two conformers in the solution (ax and eq) of opposite Cotton effect whereas in the case of 1 and 5 (spiro and stereogenic centres) the spiro chirality seems to be responsible of the Cotton effect in the high energy region whereas the R and S chirality in the low energy region. Racemic and enantiopure forms have been successfully used for the synthesis of charge transfer complexes with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) based acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bogdan
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-, 49000, Angers, France
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionut-Tudor Moraru
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 11 Arany Janos Str, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, UAR, 1739, FSCM, Chiropole, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Auban-Senzier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8502, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ion Grosu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Flavia Pop
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-, 49000, Angers, France
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12
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Safari MR, Matthes F, Schneider CM, Ernst KH, Bürgler DE. Spin-Selective Electron Transport Through Single Chiral Molecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308233. [PMID: 38050945 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between chirality and magnetism is a source of fascination among scientists for over a century. In recent years, chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has attracted renewed interest. It is observed that electron transport through layers of homochiral molecules leads to a significant spin polarization of several tens of percent. Despite the abundant experimental evidence gathered through mesoscopic transport measurements, the exact mechanism behind CISS remains elusive. This study reports spin-selective electron transport through single helical aromatic hydrocarbons that are sublimed in vacuo onto ferromagnetic cobalt surfaces and examined with spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) at a temperature of 5 K. Direct comparison of two enantiomers under otherwise identical conditions revealed magnetochiral conductance asymmetries of up to 50% when either the molecular handedness is exchanged or the magnetization direction of the STM tip or Co substrate is reversed. Importantly, the results rule out electron-phonon coupling and ensemble effects as primary mechanisms responsible for CISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Safari
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Electronic Properties (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Matthes
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Electronic Properties (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claus M Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Electronic Properties (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Molecular Surface Science Group, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Nanosurf Laboratory, Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Bürgler
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Electronic Properties (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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13
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Guo L, Hu S, Gu X, Zhang R, Wang K, Yan W, Sun X. Emerging Spintronic Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301854. [PMID: 37309258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The explosive growth of the information era has put forward urgent requirements for ultrahigh-speed and extremely efficient computations. In direct contrary to charge-based computations, spintronics aims to use spins as information carriers for data storage, transmission, and decoding, to help fully realize electronic device miniaturization and high integration for next-generation computing technologies. Currently, many novel spintronic materials have been developed with unique properties and multifunctionalities, including organic semiconductors (OSCs), organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs), and 2D materials (2DMs). These materials are useful to fulfill the demand for developing diverse and advanced spintronic devices. Herein, these promising materials are systematically reviewed for advanced spintronic applications. Due to the distinct chemical and physical structures of OSCs, OIHPs, and 2DMs, their spintronic properties (spin transport and spin manipulation) are discussed separately. In addition, some multifunctionalities due to photoelectric and chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) are overviewed, including the spin-filter effect, spin-photovoltaics, spin-light emitting devices, and spin-transistor functions. Subsequently, challenges and future perspectives of using these multifunctional materials for the development of advanced spintronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG9 2RD, UK
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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14
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Urban A, De Feyter S. Making and Breaking Helical Open-Chain Oligopyrroles. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300708. [PMID: 38224308 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Closed-chain oligopyrroles such as porphyrins or corroles have been well-established in literature and experience a steadily strong interest by several fields of science. However, their open-chain derivatives are comparatively underrepresented, despite their intriguing properties and promising applications. Here, we aim to review typical synthetic routes, as well as point towards several emergent properties, marking them as interesting candidates for various fields of study. The review focuses on two traditional methods (each starting from highly symmetric metalloporphyrins) and then expands its scope towards more recent variations before moving on to more exotic and recent highlights that have yet to be included into the canon. Key chemical reactivities (ring closure, substitution and fragmentation) are then followed by notable physicochemical properties, placing special emphasis on potential uses in molecular electronics and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Urban
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Mishra S, Bowes EG, Majumder S, Hollingsworth JA, Htoon H, Jones AC. Inducing Circularly Polarized Single-Photon Emission via Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8663-8672. [PMID: 38484339 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
One of the central aims of the field of spintronics is the control of individual electron spins to effectively manage the transmission of quantized data. One well-known mechanism for controlling electronic spin transport is the chiral-induced spin-selectivity (CISS) effect in which a helical nanostructure imparts a preferential spin orientation on the electronic transport. One potential application of the CISS effect is as a transduction pathway between electronic spin and circularly polarized light within nonreciprocal photonic devices. In this work, we identify and quantify the degree of chiral-induced spin-selective electronic transport in helical polyaniline films using magnetoconductive atomic force microscopy (mcAFM). We then induce circularly polarized quantum light emission from CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots placed on these films, demonstrating a degree of circular polarization of up to ∼21%. Utilizing time-resolved photoluminescence microscopy, we measure the radiative lifetime difference associated with left- and right-handed circular polarizations of single emitters. These lifetime differences, in combination with Kelvin probe mapping of the variation of surface potential with magnetization of the substrate, help establish an energy level diagram describing the spin-dependent transport pathways that enable the circularly polarized photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Mishra
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Eric G Bowes
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Somak Majumder
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew C Jones
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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16
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Sun S, Zhang Y, Shi X, Sun W, Felser C, Li W, Li G. From Charge to Spin: An In-Depth Exploration of Electron Transfer in Energy Electrocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312524. [PMID: 38482969 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic materials play crucial roles in various energy-related processes, ranging from large-scale chemical production to advancements in renewable energy technologies. Despite a century of dedicated research, major enduring challenges associated with enhancing catalyst efficiency and durability, particularly in green energy-related electrochemical reactions, remain. Focusing only on either the crystal structure or electronic structure of a catalyst is deemed insufficient to break the linear scaling relationship (LSR), which is the golden rule for the design of advanced catalysts. The discourse in this review intricately outlines the essence of heterogeneous catalysis reactions by highlighting the vital roles played by electron properties. The physical and electrochemical properties of electron charge and spin that govern catalysis efficiencies are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the pronounced influence of external fields in perturbing the LSR, underscoring the vital role that electron spin plays in advancing high-performance catalyst design. The review culminates by proffering insights into the potential applications of spin catalysis, concluding with a discussion of extant challenges and inherent limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yudi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Material Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 A Fenghua Rd, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wen Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Material Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Claudia Felser
- Topological Quantum Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Guowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Material Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
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17
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Han X, Jiang C, Hou B, Liu Y, Cui Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Chirality for Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6733-6743. [PMID: 38418379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) have attracted extensive interest for their potential applications in various enantioselective processes. However, the exploitation of chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) that enables a new technology for the injection of spin polarized current without the need for a permanent magnetic layer within CCOFs remains a largely untapped area of research. Here, we demonstrate that, for the first time, COFs can be an attractive platform to develop spin filter materials with efficient CISS. This facilitates the design and synthesis of a new family of Zn(salen)-based 2D CCOFs, namely, CCOFs-9-12, by imine condensation of chiral 1,2-diaminocyclohexane and tri- or tetra(salicylaldehyde) derivatives. CCOF-9, distinguished by its unique C2 symmetric "armchair" tetrasubstituted pyrene conformation, exhibits the most pronounced chirality among these materials and serves as a solid-state host, enabling the enantioselective adsorption of racemic drugs with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of up to 97%. After substituting diamagnetic zinc(II) ions for paramagnetic cobalt(II), the resulting CCOF-9-Co not only retains its high crystallinity, porosity, and exceptional chirality but also exhibits enhanced conductivity, a crucial factor for the effective observation of CISS. Magnetic conductive atomic force microscopy showed that CCOF-9-Co exhibited a remarkable CISS effect with up to an 88-94% spin polarization ratio. This phenomenon is further confirmed by the increased intensity in the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) when CCOF-9-Co is under an external magnetic field. This work therefore shows the tremendous potential of CCOFs for controlling spin selectivity and will stimulate the creation of new types of crystalline polymers with strong CISS effects for spin filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bang Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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18
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Bangruwa N, Tiwari M, Shandilya A, Gutierrez R, Peralta M, Varela S, Cuniberti G, Mishra D. Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity Modulated Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting for DNA Hybridization Detection. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2384-2391. [PMID: 38394034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect can distinguish between the spin of electrons as they pass through chiral molecules by backscattering one of the spin components. Herein, we explore the role of the CISS effect in time-correlated single-photon counting measurements to detect DNA hybridization. We observe that the average lifetime of optical excited states of quantum dots attached to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) varies with directions of the applied magnetic field. Specifically, the difference in the nonradiative average decay lifetime for the two orientations of the applied magnetic field is 2.21 ns in the case of hybridized strands, which is 130 times higher than that observed with quantum dots attached to single-strand DNA. Additionally, we investigate the application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for detecting double-stranded DNA in the presence of a magnetic field, establishing a theoretical framework to substantiate the experimental evidence of magnetic field-dependent FTIR spectroscopy for dsDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Bangruwa
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mayank Tiwari
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ankur Shandilya
- Department of Physics, Hindu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Mayra Peralta
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Solmar Varela
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Debabrata Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
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19
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Bloom BP, Paltiel Y, Naaman R, Waldeck DH. Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1950-1991. [PMID: 38364021 PMCID: PMC10906005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the initial landmark study on the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in 1999, considerable experimental and theoretical efforts have been made to understand the physical underpinnings and mechanistic features of this interesting phenomenon. As first formulated, the CISS effect refers to the innate ability of chiral materials to act as spin filters for electron transport; however, more recent experiments demonstrate that displacement currents arising from charge polarization of chiral molecules lead to spin polarization without the need for net charge flow. With its identification of a fundamental connection between chiral symmetry and electron spin in molecules and materials, CISS promises profound and ubiquitous implications for existing technologies and new approaches to answering age old questions, such as the homochiral nature of life. This review begins with a discussion of the different methods for measuring CISS and then provides a comprehensive overview of molecules and materials known to exhibit CISS-based phenomena before proceeding to identify structure-property relations and to delineate the leading theoretical models for the CISS effect. Next, it identifies some implications of CISS in physics, chemistry, and biology. The discussion ends with a critical assessment of the CISS field and some comments on its future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Bloom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied
Physics Department and Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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20
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Tirion SH, van Wees BJ. Mechanism for Electrostatically Generated Magnetoresistance in Chiral Systems without Spin-Dependent Transport. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6028-6037. [PMID: 38353652 PMCID: PMC10906072 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Significant attention has been drawn to electronic transport in chiral materials coupled to ferromagnets in the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. A large magnetoresistance (MR) is usually observed, which is widely interpreted to originate from spin (dependent) transport. However, there are severe discrepancies between the experimental results and the theoretical interpretations, most notably the apparent failure of the Onsager reciprocity relations in the linear response regime. We provide an alternative mechanism for the two terminal MR in chiral systems coupled to a ferromagnet. For this, we point out that it was observed experimentally that the electrostatic contact potential of chiral materials on a ferromagnet depends on the magnetization direction and chirality. The mechanism that we provide causes the transport barrier to be modified by the magnetization direction, already in equilibrium, in the absence of a bias current. This strongly alters the charge transport through and over the barrier, not requiring spin transport. This provides a mechanism that allows the linear response resistance to be sensitive to the magnetization direction and also explains the failure of the Onsager reciprocity relations. We propose experimental configurations to confirm our alternative mechanism for MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sytze H. Tirion
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. van Wees
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Chiesa A, Santini P, Garlatti E, Luis F, Carretta S. Molecular nanomagnets: a viable path toward quantum information processing? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:034501. [PMID: 38314645 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad1f81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Molecular nanomagnets (MNMs), molecules containing interacting spins, have been a playground for quantum mechanics. They are characterized by many accessible low-energy levels that can be exploited to store and process quantum information. This naturally opens the possibility of using them as qudits, thus enlarging the tools of quantum logic with respect to qubit-based architectures. These additional degrees of freedom recently prompted the proposal for encoding qubits with embedded quantum error correction (QEC) in single molecules. QEC is the holy grail of quantum computing and this qudit approach could circumvent the large overhead of physical qubits typical of standard multi-qubit codes. Another important strength of the molecular approach is the extremely high degree of control achieved in preparing complex supramolecular structures where individual qudits are linked preserving their individual properties and coherence. This is particularly relevant for building quantum simulators, controllable systems able to mimic the dynamics of other quantum objects. The use of MNMs for quantum information processing is a rapidly evolving field which still requires to be fully experimentally explored. The key issues to be settled are related to scaling up the number of qudits/qubits and their individual addressing. Several promising possibilities are being intensively explored, ranging from the use of single-molecule transistors or superconducting devices to optical readout techniques. Moreover, new tools from chemistry could be also at hand, like the chiral-induced spin selectivity. In this paper, we will review the present status of this interdisciplinary research field, discuss the open challenges and envisioned solution paths which could finally unleash the very large potential of molecular spins for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E Garlatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - F Luis
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Fısica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Carretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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22
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Greciano EE, Schwalb AJ, Sánchez L. Effect of chirality in the supramolecular polymerization of N-annulated perylenediimides: Cancelling pathway complexity. Chirality 2024; 36:e23639. [PMID: 38384148 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of two chiral NPBIs, (S)-1 and (R)-1, is reported and their self-assembling features investigated. The reported NPBIs form chiral supramolecular polymers with a rich dichroic pattern by the π-stacking of the aromatic backbones and the formation of an array of H-bonds between the amide functional groups. Furthermore, the peripheral 3,4,5-trialkoxy benzamide groups can form seven-membered pseudocycles by the intramolecular H-bonding interaction between the NH of the peripheral amides and one of the carbonyls of the imide units thus yielding a kinetically controlled self-assembly process. Unlike achiral NPBI 1, that has been reported to form up to four supramolecular polymorphs, the reported chiral NPBIs form only a J-type aggregated species. The results presented herein reveal how subtle changes exert an enormous influence on the supramolecular polymerization outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E Greciano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso J Schwalb
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Whittaker SJ, Zhou H, Spencer RB, Yang Y, Tiwari A, Bendesky J, McDowell M, Sundaram P, Lozano I, Kim S, An Z, Shtukenberg AG, Kahr B, Lee SS. Leveling up Organic Semiconductors with Crystal Twisting. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:613-626. [PMID: 38250542 PMCID: PMC10797633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The performance of crystalline organic semiconductors depends on the solid-state structure, especially the orientation of the conjugated components with respect to device platforms. Often, crystals can be engineered by modifying chromophore substituents through synthesis. Meanwhile, dissymetry is necessary for high-tech applications like chiral sensing, optical telecommunications, and data storage. The synthesis of dissymmetric molecules is a labor-intensive exercise that might be undermined because common processing methods offer little control over orientation. Crystal twisting has emerged as a generalizable method for processing organic semiconductors and offers unique advantages, such as patterning of physical and chemical properties and chirality that arises from mesoscale twisting. The precession of crystal orientations can enrich performance because achiral molecules in achiral space groups suddenly become candidates for the aforementioned technologies that require dissymetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- St. John Whittaker
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Rochelle B. Spencer
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yongfan Yang
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Akash Tiwari
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Justin Bendesky
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Merritt McDowell
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Pallavi Sundaram
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Idalys Lozano
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Shin Kim
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Zhihua An
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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24
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Cheng Q, Hao A, Xing P. Selective chiral dimerization and folding driven by arene-perfluoroarene force. Chem Sci 2024; 15:618-628. [PMID: 38179513 PMCID: PMC10762935 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05212e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligomerization and folding of chiral compounds afford diversified chiral molecular architectures with interesting chiroptical properties, but their rational and precise control remain poorly understood. In this work, we employed arene-perfluoroarene (AP) interaction to manipulate the folding and dimerization of alanine derivatives bearing pyrene and a perfluoronaphthalene derivative. Based on X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, the compound with a smaller tether and high skeleton rigidity self-assembled into double helical dimers by duplex hydrogen bonding and AP forces in a less polar solvent. Reversible disassociation occurred upon switching to a dipolar solvent or applying heating-cooling cycles. In comparison, the compound with increased skeleton flexibility folds into chiral molecular clamps in a less polar solvent, and is transformed into planar dimers upon switching to a polar solvent. The dynamic geometrical transformation between dimerization and folding was accompanied by chiroptical switching. Beyond the molecular and supramolecular level, we showed hierarchy control in the self-assembled nanoarchitectures and columnar and lamellar arrangements of their molecular packing. This work utilized AP forces to prepare and manipulate the chiral architectures at different hierarchical levels, enriching methodologies in precise chiral synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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25
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Chen Y, Kuvayskaya A, Pink M, Sellinger A, Flood AH. A library of vinyl phosphonate anions dimerize with cyanostars, form supramolecular polymers and undergo statistical sorting. Chem Sci 2023; 15:389-398. [PMID: 38131081 PMCID: PMC10732014 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03685e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular dimers are elementary units allowing the build-up of multi-molecule architectures. New among these are cyanostar-stabilized dimers of phosphate and phosphonate anions. While the anion dimerization at the heart of these assemblies is reliable, the covalent synthesis leading to this class of designer anions serves as a bottleneck in the pathway to supramolecular assemblies. Herein, we demonstrate the reliable synthesis of 14 diverse anionic monomers by Heck coupling between vinyl phosphonic acid and aryl bromide compounds. When this synthesis is combined with reliable anion dimerization, we show formation of supramolecular dimers and polymers by co-assembly with cyanostar macrocycles. The removal of the covalent bottleneck opened up a seamless synthetic route to iterate through three monomers affording the solubility needed to characterize the mechanism of supramolecular polymerization. We also test the idea that the small size of these vinyl phosphonates provide identical dimer stabilities across the library by showing how mixtures of anions undergo statistical (social) self-sorting. We exploit this property by preparing soluble copolymers from the mixing of different monomers. This multi-anion assembly shows the utility of a library for programming properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Anastasia Kuvayskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines 1012 14th Street Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines 1012 14th Street Golden Colorado 80401 USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
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26
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Zhang DY, Sang Y, Das TK, Guan Z, Zhong N, Duan CG, Wang W, Fransson J, Naaman R, Yang HB. Highly Conductive Topologically Chiral Molecular Knots as Efficient Spin Filters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26791-26798. [PMID: 37972388 PMCID: PMC10722505 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Knot-like structures were found to have interesting magnetic properties in condensed matter physics. Herein, we report on topologically chiral molecular knots as efficient spintronic chiral material. The discovery of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect opens the possibility of manipulating the spin orientation with soft materials at room temperature and eliminating the need for a ferromagnetic electrode. In the chiral molecular trefoil knot, there are no stereogenic carbon atoms, and chirality results from the spatial arrangements of crossings in the trefoil knot structures. The molecules show a very high spin polarization of nearly 90%, a conductivity that is higher by about 2 orders of magnitude compared with that of other chiral small molecules, and enhanced thermal stability. A plausible explanation for these special properties is provided, combined with model calculations, that supports the role of electron-electron interaction in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung
Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yutao Sang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tapan Kumar Das
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zhao Guan
- Key
Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal
University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ni Zhong
- Key
Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal
University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan 237016 Shanxi, China
| | - Chun-Gang Duan
- Key
Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal
University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan 237016 Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung
Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jonas Fransson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung
Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
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27
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Fathizadeh S. Phonon-assisted nearly pure spin current in DNA molecular chains: a multifractal analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21281. [PMID: 38042962 PMCID: PMC10693578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the development of molecular spintronics, we studied the phonon-assisted spin transport along a DNA chain in the presence of environmental-induced dephasing using multifractal analysis. The results demonstrate that a nearly pure spin current is generated in the presence of the voltage gate. The pure spin current is enhanced by increasing thermal effects. The vibration modes due to the thermal phonon bath assist in generating the spin current, so the spin state is more delocalized in strong electron-phonon coupling. The phonon chirality can translate to the electron spin to create a nontrivial spin texture, including spin currents. The spin states become more extended by increasing the phonon temperature. On the other hand, the spin states are less localized in longer chains as the spin selectivity is higher in longer chains than in short ones. Therefore, we can engineer a molecular spintronic device by controlling phonon effects on the storage and transport of binary digits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fathizadeh
- Department of Physics, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran.
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
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28
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Ko CH, Zhu Q, Bullard G, Tassinari F, Morisue M, Naaman R, Therien MJ. Electron Spin Polarization and Rectification Driven by Chiral Perylene Diimide-Based Nanodonuts. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10271-10277. [PMID: 37939254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect allows thin-film layers of chiral conjugated molecules to function as spin filters at ambient temperature. Through solvent-modulated dropcasting of chiral l- and d-perylene diimide (PDI) monomeric building blocks, two types of aggregate morphologies, nanofibers and nanodonuts, may be realized. Spin-diode behavior is evidenced in the nanodonut structures. Stacked PDI units, which form the conjugated core of these nanostructures, dominate the nanodonut-Au electrode contact; in contrast, the AFM tip contacts largely the high-resistance solubilizing alkyl chains of the chiral monomers that form these nanodonuts. Current-voltage responses of the nanodonuts, measured by magnetic conductive AFM (mC-AFM), demonstrate substantial spin polarizations as well as spin current rectification ratios (>10) that exceed the magnitudes of those determined to date for other chiral nanoscale systems. These results underscore the potential for chiral nanostructures, featuring asymmetric molecular junctions, to enable CISS-based nanoscale spin current rectifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qirong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - George Bullard
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Francesco Tassinari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mitsuhiko Morisue
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael J Therien
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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29
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Bian Z, Nakano Y, Miyata K, Oya I, Nobuoka M, Tsutsui Y, Seki S, Suda M. Chiral Van Der Waals Superlattices for Enhanced Spin-Selective Transport and Spin-Dependent Electrocatalytic Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306061. [PMID: 37695880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the chiral-induced spin-selectivity (CISS) effect offers a new avenue for chiral organic molecules to autonomously manipulate spin configurations, thereby opening up possibilities in spintronics and spin-dependent electrochemical applications. Despite extensive exploration of various chiral systems as spin filters, one often encounters challenges in achieving simultaneously high conductivity and high spin polarization (SP). In this study, a promising chiral van der Waals superlattice, specifically the chiral TiS2 crystal, is synthesized via electrochemical intercalation of chiral molecules into a metallic TiS2 single crystal. Multiple tunneling processes within the highly ordered chiral layered structure of chiral TiS2 superlattices result in an exceptionally high SP exceeding 90%. This remarkable observation of significantly high SP within the linear transport regime is unprecedented. Furthermore, the chiral TiS2 electrode exhibits enhanced catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to its remarkable spin-selectivity for triplet oxygen evolution. The OER performance of chiral TiS2 superlattice crystals presented here exhibits superior characteristics to previously reported chiral MoS2 catalysts, with an approximately tenfold increase in current density. The combination of metallic conductivity and high SP sets the stage for the development of a new generation of CISS materials, enabling a wide range of electron spin-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Bian
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakano
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyata
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oya
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Nobuoka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Suda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- JST-FOREST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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30
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Abstract
As an active branch within the field of supramolecular polymers, chiral supramolecular polymers (SPs) are an excellent benchmark to generate helical structures that can clarify the origin of homochirality in Nature or help determine new exciting functionalities of organic materials. Herein, we highlight the most utilized strategies to build up chiral SPs by using chiral monomeric units or external stimuli. Selected examples of transfer of asymmetry, in which the point or axial chirality contained by the monomeric units is efficiently transferred to the supramolecular scaffold yielding enantioenriched helical structures, will be presented. The importance of the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with those processes is stressed, especially the influence that parameters such as the helix reversal and mismatch penalties exert on the achievement of amplification of asymmetry in co-assembled systems will also be considered. Remarkable examples of breaking symmetry, in which chiral supramolecular polymers can be attained from achiral self-assembling units by applying external stimuli like stirring, solvent or light, are highlighted. Finally, the specific and promising applications of chiral supramolecular polymers are presented with recent relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Liu T, Weiss PS. Spin Polarization in Transport Studies of Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19502-19507. [PMID: 37793070 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) is a recently discovered effect in which structural chirality can result in different conductivities for electrons with opposite spins. In the CISS community, the degree of spin polarization is commonly used to describe the efficiency of the spin filtering/polarizing process, as it represents the fraction of spins aligned along the chiral axis of chiral materials originating from non-spin-polarized currents. However, the methods of defining, calculating, and analyzing spin polarization have been inconsistent across various studies, hindering advances in this field. In this Perspective, we connect the relevant background and the definition of spin polarization, discuss its calculation in different contexts in the CISS, and propose a practical and meaningful figure of merit by quantitative analysis of magnetoresistance in CISS transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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32
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Firouzeh S, Illescas-Lopez S, Hossain MA, Cuerva JM, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Pramanik S. Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity in Supramolecular Chirally Functionalized Graphene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20424-20433. [PMID: 37668559 PMCID: PMC10604086 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Chiral graphene hybrid materials have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their various applications in the areas of chiral catalysis, chiral separation and recognition, enantioselective sensing, etc. On the other hand, chiral materials are also known to exhibit chirality-dependent spin transmission, commonly dubbed "chirality induced spin selectivity" or CISS. However, CISS properties of chiral graphene materials are largely unexplored. As such, it is not clear whether graphene is even a promising material for the CISS effect given its weak spin-orbit interaction. Here, we report the CISS effect in chiral graphene sheets, in which a graphene derivative (reduced graphene oxide or rGO) is noncovalently functionalized with chiral Fmoc-FF (Fmoc-diphenylalanine) supramolecular fibers. The graphene flakes acquire a "conformational chirality" postfunctionalization, which, combined with other factors, is presumably responsible for the CISS signal. The CISS signal correlates with the supramolecular chirality of the medium, which depends on the thickness of graphene used. Quite interestingly, the noncovalent supramolecular chiral functionalization of conductive materials offers a simple and straightforward methodology to induce chirality and CISS properties in a multitude of easily accessible advanced conductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedamin Firouzeh
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sara Illescas-Lopez
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina
y Medioambiente, C. U.
Fuentenueva, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Md Anik Hossain
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Juan Manuel Cuerva
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina
y Medioambiente, C. U.
Fuentenueva, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina
y Medioambiente, C. U.
Fuentenueva, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., Avda. De Madrid, 15, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sandipan Pramanik
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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33
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Hong KI, Kumar A, Garcia AM, Majumder S, Ruiz-Carretero A. Electron spin polarization in supramolecular polymers with complex pathways. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114903. [PMID: 37712794 DOI: 10.1063/5.0164825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastering the manipulation of the electron spin plays a crucial role in comprehending the behavior of organic materials in several applications, such as asymmetric catalysis, chiroptical switches, and electronic devices. A promising avenue for achieving such precise control lies in the Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) effect, where electrons with a favored spin exhibit preferential transport through chiral assemblies of specific handedness. Chiral supramolecular polymers emerge as excellent candidates for exploring the CISS effect due to their ability to modulate their helical structure through noncovalent interactions. In this context, systems capable of responding to external stimuli are particularly intriguing, sometimes even displaying chirality inversion. This study unveils spin selectivity in chiral supramolecular polymers, derived from single enantiomers, through scanning tunneling microscopy conducted in scanning tunneling spectroscopy mode. Following two distinct sample preparation protocols for each enantiomer, we generate supramolecular polymers with opposite handedness and specific spin transport characteristics. Our primary focus centers on chiral π-conjugated building blocks, with the aim of advancing novel systems that can inspire the organic spintronics community from a supramolecular chemistry level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Im Hong
- Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, University of Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Strasbourg, 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Abhinandan Kumar
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Patna 800005, India
| | - Ana M Garcia
- Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, University of Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Strasbourg, 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain and Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Subrata Majumder
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Patna 800005, India
| | - Amparo Ruiz-Carretero
- Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, University of Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Strasbourg, 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
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34
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García-Blázquez MA, Dednam W, Palacios JJ. Nonequilibrium Magneto-Conductance as a Manifestation of Spin Filtering in Chiral Nanojunctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7931-7939. [PMID: 37646507 PMCID: PMC10494227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that spin-dependent electron transmission may appear in chiral systems, even without magnetic components, as long as significant spin-orbit coupling is present in some of its elements. However, how this chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) manifests in experiments, where the system is taken out of equilibrium, is still debated. Aided by group theoretical considerations and nonequilibrium DFT-based quantum transport calculations, here we show that when spatial symmetries that forbid a finite spin polarization in equilibrium are broken, a net spin accumulation appears at finite bias in an arbitrary two-terminal nanojunction. Furthermore, when a suitably magnetized detector is introduced into the system, the net spin accumulation, in turn, translates into a finite magneto-conductance. The symmetry prerequisites are mostly analogous to those for the spin polarization at any bias with the vectorial nature given by the direction of magnetization, hence establishing an interconnection between these quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. García-Blázquez
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - W. Dednam
- Department
of Physics, Science Campus, University of
South Africa, Florida
Park, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - J. J. Palacios
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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35
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Adhikari Y, Liu T, Wang H, Hua Z, Liu H, Lochner E, Schlottmann P, Yan B, Zhao J, Xiong P. Interplay of structural chirality, electron spin and topological orbital in chiral molecular spin valves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5163. [PMID: 37620378 PMCID: PMC10449876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chirality has been a property of central importance in physics, chemistry and biology for more than a century. Recently, electrons were found to become spin polarized after transmitting through chiral molecules, crystals, and their hybrids. This phenomenon, called chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), presents broad application potentials and far-reaching fundamental implications involving intricate interplays among structural chirality, topological states, and electronic spin and orbitals. However, the microscopic picture of how chiral geometry influences electronic spin remains elusive, given the negligible spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in organic molecules. In this work, we address this issue via a direct comparison of magnetoconductance (MC) measurements on magnetic semiconductor-based chiral molecular spin valves with normal metal electrodes of contrasting SOC strengths. The experiment reveals that a heavy-metal electrode provides SOC to convert the orbital polarization induced by the chiral molecular structure to spin polarization. Our results illustrate the essential role of SOC in the metal electrode for the CISS spin valve effect. A tunneling model with a magnetochiral modulation of the potential barrier is shown to quantitatively account for the unusual transport behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwaraj Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Tianhan Liu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqi Hua
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Haoyang Liu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Eric Lochner
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Pedro Schlottmann
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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36
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Kumar Das T, Mondal AK, Tiwari OS, Makam P, Leitus G, Gazit E, Claudio F, Naaman R. Spin-induced electron transmission through metal-organic chiral crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22124-22129. [PMID: 37563955 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic Co(II)-phenylalanine crystals were studied and were found to possess magnetic properties and long-range spin transport. Magnetic measurements confirmed that in the crystals there are antiferromagnetic interactions between Co(II) and the lattice. The metal-organic crystals (MOCs) also present the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect at room temperature. A long-range spin polarization is observed using a magnetic conductive-probe atomic force microscope. The spin polarization is found to be in the range of 35-45%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Amit Kumar Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Om Shanker Tiwari
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Pandeeswar Makam
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Fontanesi Claudio
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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37
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Meng K, Guo L, Sun X. Strategies and applications of generating spin polarization in organic semiconductors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1132-1154. [PMID: 37424331 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The advent of spintronics has undoubtedly revolutionized data storage, processing, and sensing applications. Organic semiconductors (OSCs), characterized by long spin relaxation times (>μs) and abundant spin-dependent properties, have emerged as promising materials for advanced spintronic applications. To successfully implement spin-related functions in organic spintronic devices, the four fundamental processes of spin generation, transport, manipulation, and detection form the main building blocks and are commonly in demand. Thereinto, the effective generation of spin polarization in OSCs is a precondition, but in practice, this has not been an easy task. In this context, considerable efforts have been made on this topic, covering novel materials systems, spin-dependent theories, and device fabrication technologies. In this review, we underline recent advances in external spin injection and organic property-induced spin polarization, according to the distinction between the sources of spin polarization. We focused mainly on summarizing and discussing both the physical mechanism and representative research on spin generation in OSCs, especially for various spin injection methods, organic magnetic materials, the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect, and the spinterface effect. Finally, the challenges and prospects that allow this topic to continue to be dynamic were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Meng
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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38
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Liu R, Feng Z, Yan X, Lv Y, Wei J, Hao J, Yang Z. Small Molecules Mediated the Chirality Transfer in Self-Assembled Nanocomposites with Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17274-17283. [PMID: 37493589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the chirality at all scales has a cross-disciplinary importance and may address key challenges at the heart of physical sciences. One critical question in this field is how the chirality of one entity can be transferred to the asymmetry of another entity. Here, we find that small molecules play a crucial role in the chirality transfer from chiral organic molecules to CdSe/CdS nanorods, where the handedness of the nanorod assemblies either agrees or disagrees with that of the molecular assemblies, leading to the positive or inverse chirality transfer. The assembling mode of nanorods on the molecular assemblies, where the nanorods are either lying or standing, is closely associated with the handedness of the nanorod assemblies, resulting in opposite chirality. Furthermore, we have found that circularly polarized emission from chiral assemblies of nanorods is dependent on molecular additives. The promoted luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) of the nanocomposites with a high value of ∼0.3 could be attained under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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39
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Giaconi N, Poggini L, Lupi M, Briganti M, Kumar A, Das TK, Sorrentino AL, Viglianisi C, Menichetti S, Naaman R, Sessoli R, Mannini M. Efficient Spin-Selective Electron Transport at Low Voltages of Thia-Bridged Triarylamine Hetero[4]helicenes Chemisorbed Monolayer. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15189-15198. [PMID: 37493644 PMCID: PMC10416567 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The Chirality Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) effect describes the capability of chiral molecules to act as spin filters discriminating flowing electrons according to their spin state. Within molecular spintronics, efforts are focused on developing chiral-molecule-based technologies to control the injection and coherence of spin-polarized currents. Herein, for this purpose, we study spin selectivity properties of a monolayer of a thioalkyl derivative of a thia-bridged triarylamine hetero[4]helicene chemisorbed on a gold surface. A stacked device assembled by embedding a monolayer of these molecules between ferromagnetic and diamagnetic electrodes exhibits asymmetric magnetoresistance with inversion of the signal according to the handedness of molecules, in line with the presence of the CISS effect. In addition, magnetically conductive atomic force microscopy reveals efficient electron spin filtering even at unusually low potentials. Our results demonstrate that thia[4]heterohelicenes represent key candidates for the development of chiral spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Giaconi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Poggini
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti Organo-Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Michela Lupi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tapan K. Das
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrea L. Sorrentino
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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40
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Aizawa H, Sato T, Maki-Yonekura S, Yonekura K, Takaba K, Hamaguchi T, Minato T, Yamamoto HM. Enantioselectivity of discretized helical supramolecule consisting of achiral cobalt phthalocyanines via chiral-induced spin selectivity effect. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4530. [PMID: 37507380 PMCID: PMC10382588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantioselectivity of helical aggregation is conventionally directed either by its homochiral ingredients or by introduction of chiral catalysis. The fundamental question, then, is whether helical aggregation that consists only of achiral components can obtain enantioselectivity in the absence of chiral catalysis. Here, by exploiting enantiospecific interaction due to chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) that has been known to work to enantio-separate a racemic mixture of chiral molecules, we demonstrate the enantioselectivity in the assembly of mesoscale helical supramolecules consisting of achiral cobalt phthalocyanines. The helical nature in our supramolecules is revealed to be mesoscopically incorporated by dislocation-induced discretized twists, unlike the case of chiral molecules whose chirality are determined microscopically by chemical bond. The relevance of CISS effect in the discretized helical supramolecules is further confirmed by the appearance of spin-polarized current through the system. These observations mean that the application of CISS-based enantioselectivity is no longer limited to systems with microscopic chirality but is expanded to the one with mesoscopic chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Aizawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takuro Sato
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Saori Maki-Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Advanced Electron Microscope Development Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takaba
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hamaguchi
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Minato
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M Yamamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
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41
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Firouzeh S, Illescas-Lopez S, Hossain MA, Cuerva JM, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Pramanik S. Chirality-induced spin selectivity in functionalized carbon nanotube networks: The role of spin-orbit coupling. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:034708. [PMID: 37466230 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling in a chiral medium is generally assumed to be a necessary ingredient for the observation of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. However, some recent studies have suggested that CISS may manifest even when the chiral medium has zero spin-orbit coupling. In such systems, CISS may arise due to an orbital polarization effect, which generates an electromagnetochiral anisotropy in two-terminal conductance. Here, we examine these concepts using a chirally functionalized carbon nanotube network as the chiral medium. A transverse measurement geometry is used, which nullifies any electromagnetochiral contribution but still exhibits the tell-tale signs of the CISS effect. This suggests that CISS may not be explained solely by electromagnetochiral effects. The role of nanotube spin-orbit coupling on the observed pure CISS signal is studied by systematically varying nanotube diameter. We find that the magnitude of the CISS signal scales proportionately with the spin-orbit coupling strength of the nanotubes. We also find that nanotube diameter dictates the supramolecular chirality of the medium, which in turn determines the sign of the CISS signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedamin Firouzeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sara Illescas-Lopez
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Md Anik Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Juan Manuel Cuerva
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Avda. De Madrid, 15, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sandipan Pramanik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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42
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Huisman KH, Heinisch JBMY, Thijssen JM. CISS effect: Magnetocurrent-voltage characteristics with Coulomb interactions. II. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887768. [PMID: 37130070 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the manifestations of chirality-induced spin selectivity is the appearance of a magnetocurrent. Magnetocurrent is defined as the difference between the charge currents at finite bias in a two terminal device for opposite magnetizations of one of the leads. In experiments on chiral molecules assembled in monolayers the magnetocurrent is dominantly odd in bias voltage, while theory often yields an even one. From theory it is known that the spin-orbit coupling and chirality of the molecule can only generate a finite magnetocurrent in the presence of interactions, either of the electrons with vibrational modes or among themselves, through the Coulomb interaction. Here we analytically show that the magnetocurrent in bipartite-chiral structures mediated through Coulomb interactions is exactly even in the wide band limit and exactly odd for semi-infinite leads due to the bipartite lattice symmetry of the Green's function. Our numerical results confirm these analytical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Huisman
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J B M Y Heinisch
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J M Thijssen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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43
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Huisman KH, Heinisch JBMY, Thijssen JM. Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) Effect: Magnetocurrent-Voltage Characteristics with Coulomb Interactions I. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:6900-6905. [PMID: 37081995 PMCID: PMC10108364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the manifestations of chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) is the appearance of a magnetocurrent. Magnetocurrent is the observation that the charge currents at finite bias in a two terminal device for opposite magnetizations of one of the leads differ. Magnetocurrents can only occur in the presence of interactions of the electrons either with vibrational modes or among themselves through the Coulomb interaction. In experiments on chiral molecules assembled in monolayers, the magnetocurrent seems to be dominantly cubic (odd) in bias voltage while theory finds a dominantly even bias voltage dependence. Thus far, theoretical work has predicted a magnetocurrent which is even bias. Here we analyze the bias voltage dependence of the magnetocurrent numerically and analytically involving the spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions (through the Hartree-Fock and Hubbard One approximations). For both approximations it is found that for strong Coulomb interactions the magnetocurrent is dominantly odd in bias voltage, confirming the symmetry observed in experiment.
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44
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Dednam W, García-Blázquez MA, Zotti LA, Lombardi EB, Sabater C, Pakdel S, Palacios JJ. A Group-Theoretic Approach to the Origin of Chirality-Induced Spin-Selectivity in Nonmagnetic Molecular Junctions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6452-6465. [PMID: 36947721 PMCID: PMC10100547 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling gives rise to a range of spin-charge interconversion phenomena in nonmagnetic systems where certain spatial symmetries are reduced or absent. Chirality-induced spin-selectivity (CISS), a term that generically refers to a spin-dependent electron transfer in nonmagnetic chiral systems, is one such case, appearing in a variety of seemingly unrelated situations ranging from inorganic materials to molecular devices. In particular, the origin of CISS in molecular junctions is a matter of an intense current debate. Here, we derive a set of geometrical conditions for this effect to appear, hinting at the fundamental role of symmetries beyond otherwise relevant quantitative issues. Our approach, which draws on the use of point-group symmetries within the scattering formalism for transport, shows that electrode symmetries are as important as those of the molecule when it comes to the emergence of a spin-polarization and, by extension, to the possible appearance of CISS. It turns out that standalone metallic nanocontacts can exhibit spin-polarization when relative rotations which reduce the symmetry are introduced. As a corollary, molecular junctions with achiral molecules can also exhibit spin-polarization along the direction of transport, provided that the whole junction is chiral in a specific way. This formalism also allows the prediction of qualitative changes of the spin-polarization upon substitution of a chiral molecule in the junction with its enantiomeric partner. Quantum transport calculations based on density functional theory corroborate all of our predictions and provide further quantitative insight within the single-particle framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Dednam
- Department
of Physics, Florida Science Campus, University
of South Africa, 1710 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M. A. García-Blázquez
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda A. Zotti
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. B. Lombardi
- Department
of Physics, Florida Science Campus, University
of South Africa, 1710 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C. Sabater
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada and Unidad asociada CSIC, Universidad de Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - S. Pakdel
- CAMD, Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. J. Palacios
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
Nicolás Cabrera (INC) and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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45
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Ha Nguyen TN, Paltiel Y, Baczewski LT, Tegenkamp C. Spin Polarization of Polyalanine Molecules in 2D and Dimer-Row Assemblies Adsorbed on Magnetic Substrates: The Role of Coupling, Chirality, and Coordination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17406-17412. [PMID: 36952617 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Propagation of electrons along helical molecules adsorbed on surfaces comes along with a robust spin polarization effect called chirality induced spin selectivity CISS. However, experiments on the molecular scale that allow a true correlation of spin effects with the molecular structure are quite rare. Here we have studied the structure of self-assembled chiral molecules and the electronic transmission and spin polarization of the current through the system by means of ambient scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy in heterostructures of various α-helix polyalanine-based molecules (PA) adsorbed on Al2O3/Pt/Au/Co/Au substrates with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We have found a phase separation of the molecules into well-ordered enantiopure 2D hexagonal phases and quasi-1D heterochiral-dimer structures, which allows for the analysis of the spin polarization with almost atomic precision of PA in different phases. The spin polarization reaches up to 75% for chemisorbed molecules arranged in a hexagonal phase. On the contrary, for weakly coupled PA molecules without cysteine anchoring groups in a quasi-1D phase, a spin polarization of around 50% was found. Our results show that both the intermolecular interaction as well as the coupling to the substrate are important and point out that collective effects within the molecules and at the interfaces are required to achieve a high chiral induced spin selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Ha Nguyen
- Solid Surface Analysis, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Strasse 70, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Lech T Baczewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, Warszawa 02-668, Poland
| | - Christoph Tegenkamp
- Solid Surface Analysis, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Strasse 70, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
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46
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Atkinson JT, Chavez MS, Niman CM, El-Naggar MY. Living electronics: A catalogue of engineered living electronic components. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:507-533. [PMID: 36519191 PMCID: PMC9948233 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology leverages a range of electrical phenomena to extract and store energy, control molecular reactions and enable multicellular communication. Microbes, in particular, have evolved genetically encoded machinery enabling them to utilize the abundant redox-active molecules and minerals available on Earth, which in turn drive global-scale biogeochemical cycles. Recently, the microbial machinery enabling these redox reactions have been leveraged for interfacing cells and biomolecules with electrical circuits for biotechnological applications. Synthetic biology is allowing for the use of these machinery as components of engineered living materials with tuneable electrical properties. Herein, we review the state of such living electronic components including wires, capacitors, transistors, diodes, optoelectronic components, spin filters, sensors, logic processors, bioactuators, information storage media and methods for assembling these components into living electronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Atkinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marko S Chavez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christina M Niman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohamed Y El-Naggar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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47
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Xu F, Feringa BL. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers: From Light-Controlled Small Molecules to Smart Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204413. [PMID: 36239270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive supramolecular polymers are well-organized assemblies based on highly oriented and reversible noncovalent interactions containing photosensitive molecules as (co-)monomers. They have attracted increasing interest in smart materials and dynamic systems with precisely controllable functions, such as light-driven soft actuators, photoresponsive fluorescent anticounterfeiting and light-triggered electronic devices. The present review discusses light-activated molecules used in photoresponsive supramolecular polymers with their main photo-induced changes, e.g., geometry, dipole moment, and chirality. Based on these distinct changes, supramolecular polymers formed by light-activated molecules exhibit photoresponsive disassembly and reassembly. As a consequence, photo-induced supramolecular polymerization, "depolymerization," and regulation of the lengths and topologies are observed. Moreover, the light-controlled functions of supramolecular polymers, such as actuation, emission, and chirality transfer along length scales, are highlighted. Furthermore, a perspective on challenges and future opportunities is presented. Besides the challenge of moving from harmful UV light to visible/near IR light avoiding fatigue, and enabling biomedical applications, future opportunities include light-controlled supramolecular actuators with helical motion, light-modulated information transmission, optically recyclable materials, and multi-stimuli-responsive supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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Wang H, Hu J, Liang Z, Zhang H, Huang C, Xie L, Jiang Z, Huang H, Song F. Chirality variation from self-assembly on Ullmann coupling for the DBCh adsorbate on Au(111) and Ag(111). NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1368-1377. [PMID: 36866267 PMCID: PMC9972870 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00789d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
On-surface Ullmann coupling has been considered an appealing approach for the precise fabrication of carbon-based covalent nanostructures under solution-free conditions. However, chirality has seldom been discussed in Ullmann reactions. In this report, self-assembled two-dimensional chiral networks are initially constructed in a large area on Au(111) and Ag(111) after adsorption of the prochiral precursor, 6,12-dibromochrysene (DBCh). Self-assembled phases are then transformed into organometallic (OM) oligomers after debromination, preserving the chirality; in particular, the formation of scarcely reported OM species on Au(111) is discovered herein. With the aryl-aryl bonding induced after intensive annealing, covalent chains are fabricated via the cyclodehydrogenation between chrysene blocks, resulting in the formation of 8-armchair graphene nanoribbons with staggered valleys on both sides. Before chiral polymer chains are constructed by chrysene blocks, the high structural flexibility of OM intermediates on Ag(111) is also revealed during reactions, which is derived from the twofold coordination of Ag atoms and conformationally flexible metal-carbon bonding. Our report not only provides solid evidence of atomically precise fabrication of covalent nanostructures with a feasible bottom-up approach but also sheds insights into the comprehensive investigation of chirality variation from monomers to artificial architectures via surface coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100000 China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100000 China
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201004 China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100000 China
| | - Chaoqin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100000 China
| | - Lei Xie
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201004 China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100000 China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201004 China
| | - Han Huang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University Changsha 410073 China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100000 China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangheng Road 239 Shanghai 201004 China
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Hossain MA, Illescas-Lopez S, Nair R, Cuerva JM, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Pramanik S. Transverse magnetoconductance in two-terminal chiral spin-selective devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:320-330. [PMID: 36740957 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00502f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of chirality induced spin selectivity (CISS) has triggered significant activity in recent years, although many aspects of it remain to be understood. For example, most investigations are focused on spin polarizations collinear to the charge current, and hence longitudinal magnetoconductance (MC) is commonly studied in two-terminal transport experiments. Very little is known about the transverse spin components and transverse MC - their existence, as well as any dependence of this component on chirality. Furthermore, the measurement of the CISS effect via two-terminal MC experiments remains a controversial topic. Detection of this effect in the linear response regime is debated, with contradicting reports in the literature. Finally, the potential influence of the well-known electric magnetochiral effect on CISS remains unclear. To shed light on these issues, in this work we have investigated the bias dependence of the CISS effect using planar carbon nanotube networks functionalized with chiral molecules. We find that (a) transverse MC exists and exhibits tell-tale signs of the CISS effect, (b) transverse CISS MC vanishes in the linear response regime establishing the validity of Onsager's relation in two-terminal CISS systems, and finally (c) the CISS signal remains present even in the absence of electric magneto chiral effects, suggesting the existence of an alternative physical origin of CISS MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anik Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Sara Illescas-Lopez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rahul Nair
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
- School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600127, India
| | - Juan Manuel Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Avda. De Madrid, 15, E-18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Sandipan Pramanik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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50
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Metzger T, Batchu H, Kumar A, Fedotov DA, Goren N, Bhowmick DK, Shioukhi I, Yochelis S, Schapiro I, Naaman R, Gidron O, Paltiel Y. Optical Activity and Spin Polarization: The Surface Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3972-3977. [PMID: 36765468 PMCID: PMC11139380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Chirality ('handedness') is a property that underlies a broad variety of phenomena in nature. Chiral molecules appear in two forms, and each is a mirror image of the other, the two enantiomers. The chirality of molecules is associated with their optical activity, and circular dichroism is commonly applied to identify the handedness of chiral molecules. Recently, the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect was established, according to which transfer of electrons within chiral molecules depends on the electron's spin. Which spin is preferred depends on the handedness of the chiral molecule and the direction of motion of the electron. Several experiments in the past indicated that there may be a relation between the optical activity of the molecules and their spin selectivity. Here, we show that for a molecule containing several stereogenic axes, when adsorbed on a metal substrate, the peaks in the CD spectra have the same signs for the two enantiomers. This is not the case when the molecules are adsorbed on a nonmetallic substrate or dissolved in solution. Quantum chemical simulations are able to explain the change in the CD spectra upon adsorption of the molecules on conductive and nonconductive surfaces. Surprisingly, the CISS properties are similar for the two enantiomers when adsorbed on the metal substrate, while when the molecules are adsorbed on nonmetallic surface, the preferred spin depends on the molecule handedness. This correlation between the optical activity and the CISS effect indicates that the CISS effect relates to the global polarizability of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuriel
S. Metzger
- Department
of Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Harikrishna Batchu
- Institute
of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Daniil A. Fedotov
- Institute
of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Naama Goren
- Department
of Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Deb Kumar Bhowmick
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Israa Shioukhi
- Institute
of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Department
of Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Institute
of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute
of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew
University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department
of Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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